LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7195088 / 40032-44984 JSONTXT 10 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T303 0-281 Sentence denotes Several antiviral agents have demonstrated in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 or other coronaviruses, but currently there are no approved antiviral agents for coronavirus-related diseases, and there are still no favourable efficacy results from RCT available at the present time.
T304 282-430 Sentence denotes Lopinavir is a protease inhibitor used for the treatment of HIV patients, administered in combination with ritonavir to improve its serum half-life.
T305 431-732 Sentence denotes On the basis of its activity against SARS-CoV-1 and/or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV observed in in vitro and animal studies [[19], [20], [21]], lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV) was compared to supportive care alone for the treatment of COVID-19 patients in an open-label RCT in China [22].
T306 733-981 Sentence denotes The primary time-to-event endpoint was clinical improvement from randomization (defined as a composite of discharge from the hospital or improvement of two points on a seven-category ordinal scale, ranging from no need of hospitalization to death).
T307 982-1085 Sentence denotes Overall, 199 patients were enrolled (99 and 100 in the LPV/RTV and supportive care arms, respectively).
T308 1086-1283 Sentence denotes No differences were observed in the intent-to-treat population with regard to clinical improvement (hazard ratio 1.24 with standard of care as reference, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90 to 1.72).
T309 1284-1552 Sentence denotes In addition, no associations were observed with regard to 28-day mortality, although a smaller number of deaths were registered in the LPV/RTV arm (19.2% vs. 25.0% in investigational and comparator arms, respectively; percentage difference −5.8%, 95% CI −17.3 to 5.7).
T310 1553-2199 Sentence denotes Although some important considerations preclude a definite judgement on the possible efficacy of LPV/RTV (e.g. some major limitations are the open-label nature of the trial and the fact that LPV/RTV was initiated late with respect to the onset of symptoms; see question 7), especially in the case of early therapy initiation, the results of this RCT provide evidence currently discouraging the use of LPV/RTV (or of other protease inhibitors such as darunavir) in COVID-19 patients (also considering the potential side effects; Table 3 ), unless favourable results from other ongoing RCT in specific subgroups of patients are available (Table 2).
T311 2200-2414 Sentence denotes Furthermore, harmful drug interactions of antivirals with other drugs (such as hydroxychloroquine) cannot be excluded a priori because there are currently no large clinical data about the use of these combinations.
T312 2415-2582 Sentence denotes Table 3 Known adverse events of marketed anti-infective and anti-inflammatory drugs mostly provided as off-label treatments in the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic
T313 2583-2602 Sentence denotes Drug Adverse events
T314 2603-2688 Sentence denotes Lopinavir/ritonavir • Hypercholesterolaemia and increased serum triglycerides (3–39%)
T315 2689-2732 Sentence denotes • Increased γ-glutamyl transferase (10–29%)
T316 2733-2784 Sentence denotes • Diarrhoea (7–28%; greater with once-daily dosing)
T317 2785-2818 Sentence denotes • Increased serum ALT (grade 3/4:
T318 2819-2825 Sentence denotes 1–11%)
T319 2826-2842 Sentence denotes • Nausea (5–16%)
T320 2843-2884 Sentence denotes • Upper respiratory tract infection (14%)
T321 2885-2909 Sentence denotes • Abdominal pain (1–11%)
T322 2910-2927 Sentence denotes • Vomiting (2–7%)
T323 2928-2942 Sentence denotes • Fatigue (8%)
T324 2943-2989 Sentence denotes • Increased serum amylase and/or lipase (3–8%)
T325 2990-3007 Sentence denotes • Headache (2–6%)
T326 3008-3025 Sentence denotes • Skin rash (≤5%)
T327 3026-3051 Sentence denotes • Neutropenia (grade 3/4:
T328 3052-3057 Sentence denotes 1–5%)
T329 3058-3072 Sentence denotes • Anxiety (4%)
T330 3073-3089 Sentence denotes • Insomnia (≤4%)
T331 3090-3160 Sentence denotes Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine • Retinopathy (4% of treated patients)a
T332 3161-3412 Sentence denotes • Other adverse effects with unknown frequency included Stevens-Johnson syndrome, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, abnormal hepatic function tests, acute hepatic ailure, myopathy, bronchospasm
T333 3413-3519 Sentence denotes • Risk of prolonged QT interval, further increased when administered with fluoroquinolones or azithromycin
T334 3520-3575 Sentence denotes Tocilizumab • Increased serum ALT (≤36%) and AST (≤22%)
T335 3576-3611 Sentence denotes • Increased LDL cholesterol (9–10%)
T336 3612-3645 Sentence denotes • Injection site reaction (4–10%)
T337 3646-3669 Sentence denotes • Neutropenia (grade 3:
T338 3670-3697 Sentence denotes 2–7% of all adult patients)
T339 3698-3715 Sentence denotes • Headache (1–7%)
T340 3716-3737 Sentence denotes • Hypertension (1–6%)
T341 3738-3754 Sentence denotes • Dizziness (3%)
T342 3755-3777 Sentence denotes • Hypothyroidism (<2%)
T343 3778-3799 Sentence denotes • Abdominal pain (2%)
T344 3800-3836 Sentence denotes • Oral mucosa or gastric ulcers (2%)
T345 3837-4010 Sentence denotes • Infections due to Pneumocystis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and varicella zoster have been reported after tocilizumab, but their prevalence has not been clearly established
T346 4011-4055 Sentence denotes Anakinra • Injection site reactionb (24–71%)
T347 4056-4169 Sentence denotes • Antibody development (up to 50% of the patients but no correlation of antibody development and adverse effects)
T348 4170-4202 Sentence denotes • Headache and vomiting (12–14%)
T349 4203-4224 Sentence denotes • Arthralgia (10–12%)
T350 4225-4241 Sentence denotes • Fever (10–12%)
T351 4242-4336 Sentence denotes • Haematologic disorder including eosinophilia, leukopenia and change in platelet count (2–9%)
T352 4337-4366 Sentence denotes • Nausea and diarrhoea (7–8%)
T353 4367-4394 Sentence denotes • Serious infectionc (2–3%)
T354 4395-4528 Sentence denotes Off-label drugs mostly provided in Italy during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic according to the authors' direct experience.
T355 4529-4658 Sentence denotes ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
T356 4659-4799 Sentence denotes a Serum concentration dependent adverse effect; early changes are generally reversible but may progress despite discontinuation if advanced.
T357 4800-4868 Sentence denotes b Injection site reactions were considered serious in 2–3% of cases.
T358 4869-4952 Sentence denotes c Serious infections included cellulitis, pneumonia, and bone and joint infections.