| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T3 |
0-7 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Summary |
| T4 |
8-92 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Proper management of COVID-19 mandates better understanding of disease pathogenesis. |
| T5 |
93-275 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The sudden clinical deterioration 7–8 days after initial symptom onset suggests that severe respiratory failure (SRF) in COVID-19 is driven by a unique pattern of immune dysfunction. |
| T6 |
276-348 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We studied immune responses of 54 COVID-19 patients, 28 of whom had SRF. |
| T7 |
349-593 |
Sentence |
denotes |
All patients with SRF displayed either macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) or very low human leukocyte antigen D related (HLA-DR) expression accompanied by profound depletion of CD4 lymphocytes, CD19 lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. |
| T8 |
594-756 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by circulating monocytes was sustained, a pattern distinct from bacterial sepsis or influenza. |
| T9 |
757-976 |
Sentence |
denotes |
SARS-CoV-2 patient plasma inhibited HLA-DR expression, and this was partially restored by the IL-6 blocker Tocilizumab; off-label Tocilizumab treatment of patients was accompanied by increase in circulating lymphocytes. |
| T10 |
977-1187 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thus, the unique pattern of immune dysregulation in severe COVID-19 is characterized by IL-6-mediated low HLA-DR expression and lymphopenia, associated with sustained cytokine production and hyper-inflammation. |
