LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7172841 / 4866-10413 JSONTXT 11 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T39 0-98 Sentence denotes All Patients with Severe Respiratory Failure Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Have Immune Dysregulation or MAS
T40 99-244 Sentence denotes We assessed the differences of immune activation and dysregulation between SARS-CoV-2 and other known severe infections in three patient cohorts:
T41 245-390 Sentence denotes 104 patients with sepsis caused by bacterial CAP; 21 historical patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza; and 54 patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2.
T42 391-552 Sentence denotes Patients with bacterial CAP were screened for participation in a large-scale randomized clinical trial with the acronym PROVIDE (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03332225).
T43 553-710 Sentence denotes Patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza have been described in previous publications of our group (Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al., 2009, Raftogiannis et al., 2010).
T44 711-824 Sentence denotes The clinical characteristics of patients with bacterial CAP and CAP caused by COVID-19 are described in Table 1 .
T45 825-948 Sentence denotes Each cohort (bacterial sepsis and COVID-19) is split into patients who developed SRF and required MV and those who did not.
T46 949-1670 Sentence denotes Three main features need to be outlined: (1) patients with COVID-19 and SRF are less severe than those with severe bacterial CAP, on the basis of the traditional severity scores of sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II; (2) this leads to the conclusion that COVID-19 patients undergo an acute immune dysregulation with deterioration into SRF before the overall state of severity is advanced; and (3) although the burden of co-morbidities of patients with COVID-19, as expressed by the Charlson’s co-morbidity index, is higher among patients with SRF than among patients without SRF, it remains remarkably lower that traditional bacterial CAP and sepsis.
T47 1671-1860 Sentence denotes It was also notable that the admission values of Glasgow Coma Scale scores of patients with bacterial CAP were 8.80 ± 4.76, and that of patients with COVID-19 was 14.71 ± 0.20 (p < 0.0001).
T48 1861-2024 Sentence denotes This finding is fully compatible with clinical descriptions of severe COVID-19: patients are admitted at a relatively good clinical state and suddenly deteriorate.
T49 2025-2151 Sentence denotes Table 1 Baseline Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of the Cohorts of Bacterial CAP and of Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2
T50 2152-2201 Sentence denotes No respiratory failure Severe respiratory failure
T51 2202-2259 Sentence denotes Bacterial SARS-CoV-2 p value Bacterial SARS-CoV-2 p value
T52 2260-2290 Sentence denotes Number of patients 48 26 56 28
T53 2291-2379 Sentence denotes Age (years, mean ± SD) 74.8 ± 16.8 59.2 ± 10.3 <0.0001 74.0 ± 12.6∗ 67.8 ± 10.8# <0.0001
T54 2380-2454 Sentence denotes Male gender (n, %) 25 (52.1) 15 (57.7) 0.807 27 (48.2)∗ 25 (89.3)∗∗ 0.0003
T55 2455-2553 Sentence denotes APACHE II score (mean ± SD) 18.50 ± 8.19 5.88 ± 3.40 <0.0001 26.63 ± 8.52∗∗ 10.17 ± 3.64## <0.0001
T56 2554-2645 Sentence denotes SOFA score (mean ± SD) 7.87 ± 3.81 1.50 ± 0.82 <0.0001 11.46 ± 3.15∗∗ 5.71 ± 2.19## <0.0001
T57 2646-2728 Sentence denotes CCI (mean ± SD) 5.53 ± 2.13 2.16 ± 1.46 <0.0001 5.57 ± 2.20∗ 3.39 ± 2.16## <0.0001
T58 2729-2816 Sentence denotes PSI (mean ± SD) 146.5 ± 43.2 80.0 ± 30.7 <0.0001 177.4 ± 40.4∗∗∗ 121.2 ± 28.3## <0.0001
T59 2817-2846 Sentence denotes Laboratory values (mean ± SD)
T60 2847-2972 Sentence denotes  Total white blood cell count (/mm3) 13,852.7 ± 7279.3 6379.6 ± 1993.9 <0.0001 17,666.9 ± 12,799.9∗ 9447.8 ± 3308.6## <0.0001
T61 2973-3078 Sentence denotes  Absolute platelet count (x103 /mm3) 201.3 ± 124.8 243.8 ± 109.1 0.141 224.3 ± 111.0∗ 213.9 ± 71.8∗ 0.654
T62 3079-3145 Sentence denotes  INR 1.28 ± 0.64 1.11 ± 0.15 0.187 1.33 ± 0.45∗ 1.17 ± 0.20∗ 0.077
T63 3146-3226 Sentence denotes  aPTT (secs) 37.19 ± 12.95 33.40 ± 6.22 0.165 38.42 ± 23.00∗ 37.52 ± 9.88∗ 0.844
T64 3227-3316 Sentence denotes  Fibrinogen (mg/dl) 475.6 ± 196.3 528.9 ± 152.5 0.234 495.3 ± 290.5∗ 693.5 ± 188.6# 0.002
T65 3317-3398 Sentence denotes  D-dimers (g/dl) 7.66 ± 13.9 2.76 ± 2.02 0.079 1.46 ± 1.62∗∗ 5.43 ± 6.41∗ <0.0001
T66 3399-3480 Sentence denotes  Creatinine (mg/dl) 1.55 ± 1.00 0.85 ± 0.19 0.001 1.71 ± 0.90∗ 1.11 ± 0.43# 0.001
T67 3481-3567 Sentence denotes  Total bilirubin (mg/dl) 1.43 ± 1.92 0.67 ± 0.50 0.052 1.17 ± 1.88∗ 0.97 ± 0.68∗ 0.588
T68 3568-3644 Sentence denotes  AST (U/l) 155.1 ± 308.1 39.9 ± 28.5 0.062 311.7 ± 748.2∗ 76.6 ± 59.2# 0.102
T69 3645-3721 Sentence denotes  ALT (U/l) 234.6 ± 764.3 40.2 ± 24.9 0.200 175.8 ± 378.0∗ 64.3 ± 62.2∗ 0.126
T70 3722-3747 Sentence denotes Main comorbidities (n, %)
T71 3748-3825 Sentence denotes  Type 2 diabetes mellitus 13 (27.1) 4 (15.4) 0.386 21 (37.5)∗ 6 (21.4)∗ 0.214
T72 3826-3899 Sentence denotes  Chronic heart failure 8 (16.7) 3 (11.5) 0.737 18 (32.1)∗ 4 (14.3)∗ 0.114
T73 3900-3970 Sentence denotes  Coronary heart disease 7 (14.6) 2 (7.7) 0.479 10 (17.9) 5 (17.9)∗ 1.0
T74 3971-4120 Sentence denotes Comparisons with the respective groups without respiratory failure by the Student’s t test: ∗p-non-significant; ∗∗p < 0.05; #p < 0.001; ##p < 0.0001.
T75 4121-4484 Sentence denotes Abbreviations are as follows: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; CCI, Charlson’s comorbidity index; INR, international normalized ratio; PSI, pneumonia severity index; SD, standard deviation; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment
T76 4485-4835 Sentence denotes Immune classification of patients with SARS-CoV-2 was performed by using the tools suggested for bacterial sepsis, i.e., ferritin more than 4,420 ng/mL for MAS (Kyriazopoulou et al., 2017), and HLA-DR molecules on CD14 monocytes lower than 5,000, in the absence of elevated ferritin, for the immune dysregulation phenotype (Lukaszewicz et al., 2009).
T77 4836-4994 Sentence denotes It was found that contrary to the patients with bacterial CAP and SRF, all patients with SRF and SARS-CoV-2 had either immune dysregulation or MAS (Table 2 ).
T78 4995-5153 Sentence denotes Table 2 Association between Severe Respiratory Failure and Immune Classification among Patients with COVID-19 and Patients with Sepsis Caused by Bacterial CAP
T79 5154-5229 Sentence denotes Number of patients with SRF/total patients [%, (−95% CI, +95% CI)] p value∗
T80 5230-5252 Sentence denotes Bacterial CAP COVID-19
T81 5253-5316 Sentence denotes Intermediate 21/40 [52.5 (27.5-67.1)] 0/26 [0 (0-12.9)] <0.0001
T82 5317-5455 Sentence denotes Immunoparalysis (for bacterial CAP) and immune dysregulation (for COVID-19) or MAS 35/64 [54.7 (42.6-66.3)] 28/28 [100 (87.9-100)] <0.0001
T83 5456-5494 Sentence denotes ∗comparisons by the Fisher exact test.
T84 5495-5547 Sentence denotes Abbreviation is as follows: CI, confidence interval.