LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7172841 / 4857-24252 JSONTXT 12 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T38 0-7 Sentence denotes Results
T39 9-107 Sentence denotes All Patients with Severe Respiratory Failure Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Have Immune Dysregulation or MAS
T40 108-253 Sentence denotes We assessed the differences of immune activation and dysregulation between SARS-CoV-2 and other known severe infections in three patient cohorts:
T41 254-399 Sentence denotes 104 patients with sepsis caused by bacterial CAP; 21 historical patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza; and 54 patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2.
T42 400-561 Sentence denotes Patients with bacterial CAP were screened for participation in a large-scale randomized clinical trial with the acronym PROVIDE (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03332225).
T43 562-719 Sentence denotes Patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza have been described in previous publications of our group (Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al., 2009, Raftogiannis et al., 2010).
T44 720-833 Sentence denotes The clinical characteristics of patients with bacterial CAP and CAP caused by COVID-19 are described in Table 1 .
T45 834-957 Sentence denotes Each cohort (bacterial sepsis and COVID-19) is split into patients who developed SRF and required MV and those who did not.
T46 958-1679 Sentence denotes Three main features need to be outlined: (1) patients with COVID-19 and SRF are less severe than those with severe bacterial CAP, on the basis of the traditional severity scores of sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II; (2) this leads to the conclusion that COVID-19 patients undergo an acute immune dysregulation with deterioration into SRF before the overall state of severity is advanced; and (3) although the burden of co-morbidities of patients with COVID-19, as expressed by the Charlson’s co-morbidity index, is higher among patients with SRF than among patients without SRF, it remains remarkably lower that traditional bacterial CAP and sepsis.
T47 1680-1869 Sentence denotes It was also notable that the admission values of Glasgow Coma Scale scores of patients with bacterial CAP were 8.80 ± 4.76, and that of patients with COVID-19 was 14.71 ± 0.20 (p < 0.0001).
T48 1870-2033 Sentence denotes This finding is fully compatible with clinical descriptions of severe COVID-19: patients are admitted at a relatively good clinical state and suddenly deteriorate.
T49 2034-2160 Sentence denotes Table 1 Baseline Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of the Cohorts of Bacterial CAP and of Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2
T50 2161-2210 Sentence denotes No respiratory failure Severe respiratory failure
T51 2211-2268 Sentence denotes Bacterial SARS-CoV-2 p value Bacterial SARS-CoV-2 p value
T52 2269-2299 Sentence denotes Number of patients 48 26 56 28
T53 2300-2388 Sentence denotes Age (years, mean ± SD) 74.8 ± 16.8 59.2 ± 10.3 <0.0001 74.0 ± 12.6∗ 67.8 ± 10.8# <0.0001
T54 2389-2463 Sentence denotes Male gender (n, %) 25 (52.1) 15 (57.7) 0.807 27 (48.2)∗ 25 (89.3)∗∗ 0.0003
T55 2464-2562 Sentence denotes APACHE II score (mean ± SD) 18.50 ± 8.19 5.88 ± 3.40 <0.0001 26.63 ± 8.52∗∗ 10.17 ± 3.64## <0.0001
T56 2563-2654 Sentence denotes SOFA score (mean ± SD) 7.87 ± 3.81 1.50 ± 0.82 <0.0001 11.46 ± 3.15∗∗ 5.71 ± 2.19## <0.0001
T57 2655-2737 Sentence denotes CCI (mean ± SD) 5.53 ± 2.13 2.16 ± 1.46 <0.0001 5.57 ± 2.20∗ 3.39 ± 2.16## <0.0001
T58 2738-2825 Sentence denotes PSI (mean ± SD) 146.5 ± 43.2 80.0 ± 30.7 <0.0001 177.4 ± 40.4∗∗∗ 121.2 ± 28.3## <0.0001
T59 2826-2855 Sentence denotes Laboratory values (mean ± SD)
T60 2856-2981 Sentence denotes  Total white blood cell count (/mm3) 13,852.7 ± 7279.3 6379.6 ± 1993.9 <0.0001 17,666.9 ± 12,799.9∗ 9447.8 ± 3308.6## <0.0001
T61 2982-3087 Sentence denotes  Absolute platelet count (x103 /mm3) 201.3 ± 124.8 243.8 ± 109.1 0.141 224.3 ± 111.0∗ 213.9 ± 71.8∗ 0.654
T62 3088-3154 Sentence denotes  INR 1.28 ± 0.64 1.11 ± 0.15 0.187 1.33 ± 0.45∗ 1.17 ± 0.20∗ 0.077
T63 3155-3235 Sentence denotes  aPTT (secs) 37.19 ± 12.95 33.40 ± 6.22 0.165 38.42 ± 23.00∗ 37.52 ± 9.88∗ 0.844
T64 3236-3325 Sentence denotes  Fibrinogen (mg/dl) 475.6 ± 196.3 528.9 ± 152.5 0.234 495.3 ± 290.5∗ 693.5 ± 188.6# 0.002
T65 3326-3407 Sentence denotes  D-dimers (g/dl) 7.66 ± 13.9 2.76 ± 2.02 0.079 1.46 ± 1.62∗∗ 5.43 ± 6.41∗ <0.0001
T66 3408-3489 Sentence denotes  Creatinine (mg/dl) 1.55 ± 1.00 0.85 ± 0.19 0.001 1.71 ± 0.90∗ 1.11 ± 0.43# 0.001
T67 3490-3576 Sentence denotes  Total bilirubin (mg/dl) 1.43 ± 1.92 0.67 ± 0.50 0.052 1.17 ± 1.88∗ 0.97 ± 0.68∗ 0.588
T68 3577-3653 Sentence denotes  AST (U/l) 155.1 ± 308.1 39.9 ± 28.5 0.062 311.7 ± 748.2∗ 76.6 ± 59.2# 0.102
T69 3654-3730 Sentence denotes  ALT (U/l) 234.6 ± 764.3 40.2 ± 24.9 0.200 175.8 ± 378.0∗ 64.3 ± 62.2∗ 0.126
T70 3731-3756 Sentence denotes Main comorbidities (n, %)
T71 3757-3834 Sentence denotes  Type 2 diabetes mellitus 13 (27.1) 4 (15.4) 0.386 21 (37.5)∗ 6 (21.4)∗ 0.214
T72 3835-3908 Sentence denotes  Chronic heart failure 8 (16.7) 3 (11.5) 0.737 18 (32.1)∗ 4 (14.3)∗ 0.114
T73 3909-3979 Sentence denotes  Coronary heart disease 7 (14.6) 2 (7.7) 0.479 10 (17.9) 5 (17.9)∗ 1.0
T74 3980-4129 Sentence denotes Comparisons with the respective groups without respiratory failure by the Student’s t test: ∗p-non-significant; ∗∗p < 0.05; #p < 0.001; ##p < 0.0001.
T75 4130-4493 Sentence denotes Abbreviations are as follows: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; CCI, Charlson’s comorbidity index; INR, international normalized ratio; PSI, pneumonia severity index; SD, standard deviation; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment
T76 4494-4844 Sentence denotes Immune classification of patients with SARS-CoV-2 was performed by using the tools suggested for bacterial sepsis, i.e., ferritin more than 4,420 ng/mL for MAS (Kyriazopoulou et al., 2017), and HLA-DR molecules on CD14 monocytes lower than 5,000, in the absence of elevated ferritin, for the immune dysregulation phenotype (Lukaszewicz et al., 2009).
T77 4845-5003 Sentence denotes It was found that contrary to the patients with bacterial CAP and SRF, all patients with SRF and SARS-CoV-2 had either immune dysregulation or MAS (Table 2 ).
T78 5004-5162 Sentence denotes Table 2 Association between Severe Respiratory Failure and Immune Classification among Patients with COVID-19 and Patients with Sepsis Caused by Bacterial CAP
T79 5163-5238 Sentence denotes Number of patients with SRF/total patients [%, (−95% CI, +95% CI)] p value∗
T80 5239-5261 Sentence denotes Bacterial CAP COVID-19
T81 5262-5325 Sentence denotes Intermediate 21/40 [52.5 (27.5-67.1)] 0/26 [0 (0-12.9)] <0.0001
T82 5326-5464 Sentence denotes Immunoparalysis (for bacterial CAP) and immune dysregulation (for COVID-19) or MAS 35/64 [54.7 (42.6-66.3)] 28/28 [100 (87.9-100)] <0.0001
T83 5465-5503 Sentence denotes ∗comparisons by the Fisher exact test.
T84 5504-5556 Sentence denotes Abbreviation is as follows: CI, confidence interval.
T85 5558-5623 Sentence denotes Major Decrease of HLA-DR on CD14 Monocytes Is Associated with SRF
T86 5624-5743 Sentence denotes Immunoparalysis of sepsis is characterized by significant decrease of the number of HLA-DR molecules on CD14 monocytes.
T87 5744-5827 Sentence denotes This also happens in immune dysregulation caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Figures 1A and 1B).
T88 5828-5999 Sentence denotes Although patients with bacterial-CAP-associated MAS also have decreased HLA-DR molecules on CD14 monocytes, their circulating ferritin is significantly higher than normal.
T89 6000-6083 Sentence denotes This is a feature found only in a few patients with SARS-CoV-2 and MAS (Figure 1C).
T90 6084-6226 Sentence denotes The absence of traits of MAS among cases of SARS-CoV-2 with immune dysregulation is further proven by the low scores of hemophagocytosis (HS).
T91 6227-6359 Sentence denotes HScore is proposed as a classification tool for secondary MAS, and values more than 169 are highly diagnostic (Fardet et al., 2014).
T92 6360-6481 Sentence denotes Seven patients with SARS-CoV-2 had HS above this cut-off, and all were properly classified by using ferritin (Figure 1D).
T93 6482-6642 Sentence denotes Among patients with bacterial CAP at an intermediate immune state, the number of molecules of HLA-DR on their CD14 monocytes was lower than in healthy patients.
T94 6643-6831 Sentence denotes However, patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 at an intermediate immune state maintained their number of molecules of HLA-DR on CD14 monocytes much closer to the healthy condition.
T95 6832-6902 Sentence denotes When this number suddenly dropped, SRF supervened (Figures 1A and 1B).
T96 6903-7058 Sentence denotes Moreover, the absolute counts of neutrophils and monocytes were higher among patients with immune dysregulation than patients with MAS (Figures 1E and 1F).
T97 7059-7119 Sentence denotes Figure 1 Characteristics of Immune Dysregulation of COVID-19
T98 7120-7217 Sentence denotes (A) Absolute numbers of the molecules of the human leukocyte antigen (mHLA-DR) on CD14 monocytes.
T99 7218-7418 Sentence denotes Patients with bacterial CAP and CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 are classified into three states of immune activation: intermediate, immunoparalysis for bacterial CAP and dysregulation for COVID-19, and MAS.
T100 7419-7610 Sentence denotes (B) Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of HLA-DR on CD14 monocytes of healthy volunteers and of patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified according to their state of immune activation.
T101 7611-7768 Sentence denotes (C) Ferritin concentrations in the serum of patients with bacterial CAP and sepsis and CAP caused by SAR-CoV-2 according to their state of immune activation.
T102 7769-7898 Sentence denotes (D) Hemophagocytosis score among patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified according to their state of immune activation.
T103 7899-8032 Sentence denotes (E) Absolute neutrophil counts among patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified according to their state of immune activation.
T104 8033-8164 Sentence denotes (F) Absolute monocyte counts among patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified according to their state of immune activation.
T105 8165-8228 Sentence denotes Bars in each graphic represent mean values and standard errors.
T106 8229-8355 Sentence denotes Statistical comparisons are indicated by the arrows; ns: non-significant; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.
T107 8356-8453 Sentence denotes Comparisons were done by the Mann-Whitney U test followed by correction for multiple comparisons.
T108 8455-8533 Sentence denotes CD4 Cell and NK Cell Cytopenias Are Characteristics of Infection by SARS-CoV-2
T109 8534-8776 Sentence denotes The absolute counts of CD3+CD4+CD45+ lymphocytes, CD3+CD8+CD45+ lymphocytes, CD3−CD16+CD56+CD45+ cells, and CD19+CD45+ lymphocytes were lower among patients with COVID-19 compared with those in 10 healthy subjects adjusted for age and gender.
T110 8777-8963 Sentence denotes Compared with patients with CAP caused by 2009H1N1, patients with COVID-19 had lower CD3+CD4+CD45+ lymphocytes but higher CD3+CD16+CD45+ cells and CD19+CD45+ lymphocytes (Figures 2A–2E).
T111 8964-9173 Sentence denotes Those patients with immune dysregulation caused by COVID-19 had lower counts of CD3+ CD4+ CD45+ lymphocytes, CD3+CD8+CD45+ lymphocytes, and CD3−CD16+CD56+CD45+ cells than those at an intermediate immune state.
T112 9174-9458 Sentence denotes When comparisons were limited to patients with SRF and infection by one of the two viruses, it was found that infection by SARS-CoV-2 was accompanied by lower CD3+CD4+CD45+ lymphocytes but with higher CD3−CD16+CD56+CD45+ cells and CD19+CD45+ lymphocytes than 2009H1N1 (Figures 2F–2J).
T113 9459-9589 Sentence denotes The Th17 function as assessed by IL-17 production capacity was downregulated among patients with immune dysregulation (Figure 2K).
T114 9590-9677 Sentence denotes Figure 2 CD4 Cell and NK Cell Cytopenias Are Characteristics of Infection by SARS-CoV-2
T115 9678-9989 Sentence denotes (A–E) Absolute counts of CD3+CD4+CD45+ lymphocytes (A), CD3+CD8+CD45+ lymphocytes (B), CD3+CD16+CD56+CD45+ lymphocytes (C), CD3−CD16+CD56+CD45+ cells (D), and CD19+CD45+ lymphocytes (E) among healthy volunteers, patients with CAP caused by the 2009H1N1 influenza virus, and patients with CAP caused by COVID-19.
T116 9990-10105 Sentence denotes Patients with COVID-19 are classified into three states of immune activation: intermediate, dysregulation, and MAS.
T117 10106-10422 Sentence denotes (F–J) absolute counts of CD3+CD4+CD45+ lymphocytes (F), CD3+CD8+CD45+ lymphocytes (G), CD3+CD16+CD56+CD45+ lymphocytes (H), CD3−CD16+CD56+CD45+ cells (I), and CD19+CD45+ lymphocytes (J) among patients with severe respiratory failure developing in the field of CAP caused by the 2009H1N1 influenza virus and COVID-19.
T118 10423-10505 Sentence denotes (K) IL-17 production by PBMCs after stimulation with heat-killed Candida albicans.
T119 10506-10569 Sentence denotes Bars in each graphic represent mean values and standard errors.
T120 10570-10696 Sentence denotes Statistical comparisons are indicated by the arrows; ns: non-significant; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.
T121 10697-10794 Sentence denotes Comparisons were done by the Mann-Whitney U test followed by correction for multiple comparisons.
T122 10795-10904 Sentence denotes The next question was how this change of CD19+CD45+ lymphocytes is translated to serum immunoglobulins (Igs).
T123 10905-11035 Sentence denotes Concentration of IgGs and their subclasses in the plasma of COVID-19 patients was low, as it was in bacterial CAP (Figures 3A–3D).
T124 11036-11111 Sentence denotes However, IgM and IgA were higher than in bacterial CAP (Figures 3E and 3F).
T125 11112-11304 Sentence denotes Overall, patients at MAS had lower IgG2, IgM, and IgA than those at an intermediate immune state, and patients at immune dysregulation had lower IgM than those at an intermediate immune state.
T126 11305-11399 Sentence denotes Figure 3 Moderate Derangement of Circulating Immunoglobulins in Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2
T127 11400-11512 Sentence denotes Serum amounts of IgG subclasses (A–D), IgM (E), and IgA (F) of patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 are shown.
T128 11513-11614 Sentence denotes Patients are classified into three states of immune activation: intermediate, dysregulation, and MAS.
T129 11615-11778 Sentence denotes Findings are compared with those in patients with bacterial CAP, who are classified into three states of immune activation: intermediate, immunoparalysis, and MAS.
T130 11779-11842 Sentence denotes Bars in each graphic represent mean values and standard errors.
T131 11843-11954 Sentence denotes Only statistically significant comparisons are indicated by the arrows; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.0001; ∗∗∗p < 0.0001.
T132 11955-12052 Sentence denotes Comparisons were done by the Mann-Whitney U test followed by correction for multiple comparisons.
T133 12054-12146 Sentence denotes The IL-6 Blocker Tocilizumab Partially Rescues the Immune Dysregulation Driven by SARS-CoV-2
T134 12147-12318 Sentence denotes Sepsis-induced immunoparalysis is characterized by profound deficiency of monocytes for cytokine production upon ex vivo stimulation (Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al., 2011).
T135 12319-12575 Sentence denotes Indeed, production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by LPS-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with bacterial CAP classified for immunoparalysis was significantly lower than in patients at an intermediate state (Figure 4 A).
T136 12576-12735 Sentence denotes That was not the case for patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2, in whom PBMCs showed sustained TNF-α production after stimulation with LPS (Figure 4B).
T137 12736-12910 Sentence denotes The function of PBMCs in patients with SRF caused by 2009H1N1 was also impaired, and there was lower TNF-α production, a pattern different from COVID-19 patients (Figure 4C).
T138 12911-13067 Sentence denotes Surprisingly, stimulation of IL-1β was lower among patients with immune dysregulation than among patients with an intermediate immune state (Figures 4D–4F).
T139 13068-13141 Sentence denotes IL-6, however, followed the stimulation pattern of TNF-α (Figures 4G–4I).
T140 13142-13440 Sentence denotes This generated the hypothesis that in the case of SRF-aggravated pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2, there is a unique combination of defective antigen presentation and lymphopenia that leads to defective function of lymphoid cells, whereas monocytes remain potent for the production of TNF-α and IL-6.
T141 13441-13521 Sentence denotes Figure 4 Main Features of Immune Dysregulation of Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2
T142 13522-13679 Sentence denotes (A) Production of TNF-α by PBMCs of patients with sepsis caused by bacterial CAP classified into intermediate state of immune activation and immunoparalysis.
T143 13680-13843 Sentence denotes (B) Production of TNF-α by PBMCs of patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified into three states of immune activation: intermediate, dysregulation, and MAS.
T144 13844-13972 Sentence denotes (C) Production of TNF-α by PBMCs of patients with SRF developing after infection caused by the 2009H1N1 virus and by SARS-CoV-2.
T145 13973-14130 Sentence denotes (D) Production of IL-1β by PBMCs of patients with sepsis caused by bacterial CAP classified into intermediate state of immune activation and immunoparalysis.
T146 14131-14294 Sentence denotes (E) Production of IL-1β by PBMCs of patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified into three states of immune activation: intermediate, dysregulation, and MAS.
T147 14295-14423 Sentence denotes (F) Production of IL-1β by PBMCs of patients with SRF developing after infection caused by the 2009H1N1 virus and by SARS-CoV-2.
T148 14424-14580 Sentence denotes (G) Production of IL-6 by PBMCs of patients with sepsis caused by bacterial CAP classified into intermediate state of immune activation and immunoparalysis.
T149 14581-14736 Sentence denotes (H) Production of IL-6 by PBMCs of patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified into states of immune activation: intermediate, dysregulation and MAS.
T150 14737-14864 Sentence denotes (I) Production of IL-6 by PBMCs of patients with SRF developing after infection caused by the 2009H1N1 virus and by SARS-CoV-2.
T151 14865-15032 Sentence denotes (J–L) Serum amounts of TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP of patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified into states of immune activation: intermediate, dysregulation and MAS.
T152 15033-15096 Sentence denotes Bars in each graphic represent mean values and standard errors.
T153 15097-15223 Sentence denotes Statistical comparisons are indicated by the arrows; ns: non-significant; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.
T154 15224-15321 Sentence denotes Comparisons were done by the Mann-Whitney U test followed by correction for multiple comparisons.
T155 15322-15479 Sentence denotes As a next step, we measured circulating concentrations of TNF-α, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.
T156 15480-15622 Sentence denotes IFN-γ was below the limit of detection in all patients (data not shown), indicating that Th1 responses do not contribute to over-inflammation.
T157 15623-15768 Sentence denotes No differences of circulating TNF-α concentrations were found between COVID-19 patients at the three states of immune classification (Figure 4J).
T158 15769-15963 Sentence denotes In contrast, IL-6 and CRP concentrations were significantly higher among patients with immune dysregulation than among patients at an intermediate state of immune activation (Figures 4K and 4L).
T159 15964-16192 Sentence denotes Given that IL-6 was below the limit of detection in some patients with immune dysregulation, we divided them into two groups as follows: seven patients with IL-6 below the limit of detection and 14 patients with detectable IL-6.
T160 16193-16363 Sentence denotes Their severity was similar given that SOFA score and pneumonia severity indexes were similar (p values of comparisons were 0.937 and 0.877, respectively; data not shown).
T161 16364-16554 Sentence denotes IL-6 is known to inhibit HLA-DR expression (Ohno et al., 2016), leading to the hypothesis that IL-6 over-production mediates the low HLA-DR expression on CD14 monocytes of COVID-19 patients.
T162 16555-16874 Sentence denotes In agreement with this, negative correlation was found between serum amounts of IL-6 and the absolute number of HLA-DR molecules on CD14 monocytes of patients with COVID-19 but also between the absolute lymphocyte count and the absolute number of mHLA-DR on CD14 monocytes of patients with COVID-19 (Figures 5A and 5B).
T163 16875-17053 Sentence denotes Furthermore, PBMCs from patients with immune dysregulation were cultured overnight in the presence of plasma of the COVID-19 patients, which was already shown to be rich in IL-6.
T164 17054-17464 Sentence denotes The expression of HLA-DR on CD14 monocytes was strongly inhibited by COVID-19 plasma from patients with immune dysregulation but not by plasma from patients with an intermediate immune state of activation (Figures 5C–5F); the addition of the specific blocker of the IL-6 pathway Tocilizumab partially restored the expression of HLA-DR on monocytes of all patients with immune dysregulation (Figures 5E and 5F).
T165 17465-17609 Sentence denotes Treatment with Tocilizumab in six patients was accompanied by increase of the absolute lymphocyte blood count within the first 24 h (Figure 5G).
T166 17610-17689 Sentence denotes IL-6 was produced partly by CD14 monocytes and partly by CD4 cells (Figure 5H).
T167 17690-17760 Sentence denotes Figure 5 Immune Dysregulation Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Is Mediated by IL-6
T168 17761-17874 Sentence denotes (A) Negative correlation between serum amounts of IL-6 and the absolute numbers of the mHLA-DR on CD14 monocytes.
T169 17875-17963 Sentence denotes The Spearman’s (rs) co-efficient of correlation and the respective p value are provided.
T170 17964-18072 Sentence denotes (B) Correlation between the absolute lymphocyte count and the absolute numbers of mHLA-DR on CD14 monocytes.
T171 18073-18148 Sentence denotes The rs co-efficient of correlation and the respective p value are provided.
T172 18149-18345 Sentence denotes (C) Changes of the absolute numbers of mHLA-DR on CD14 monocytes of four patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 with intermediate state of immune activation after incubation with medium and their plasma.
T173 18346-18528 Sentence denotes (D) Changes of the MFI of HLA-DR on CD14 monocytes of four patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 with intermediate state of immune activation after incubation with medium and their plasma.
T174 18529-18790 Sentence denotes (E) Changes of the absolute numbers of mHLA-DR on CD14 monocytes of eight patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 with immune dysregulation after incubation with medium and their plasma; modulation by the addition of the specific IL-6 blocker Tocilizumab is also shown.
T175 18791-19038 Sentence denotes (F) Changes of the MFI of HLA-DR on CD14 monocytes of eight patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 with immune dysregulation after incubation with medium and their plasma; modulation by the addition of the specific IL-6 blocker tocilizumab is also shown.
T176 19039-19153 Sentence denotes (G) Changes of the absolute lymphocyte count of six patients before and after start of treatment with Tocilizumab.
T177 19154-19298 Sentence denotes (H) Intracellular staining for IL-6 in CD14 monocytes and in CD4 lymphocytes of three patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 with immune dysregulation.
T178 19299-19395 Sentence denotes Statistical comparisons are indicated by the arrows; ns: non-significant; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01.