Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T134 |
0-171 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Sepsis-induced immunoparalysis is characterized by profound deficiency of monocytes for cytokine production upon ex vivo stimulation (Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al., 2011). |
T135 |
172-428 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Indeed, production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by LPS-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with bacterial CAP classified for immunoparalysis was significantly lower than in patients at an intermediate state (Figure 4 A). |
T136 |
429-588 |
Sentence |
denotes |
That was not the case for patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2, in whom PBMCs showed sustained TNF-α production after stimulation with LPS (Figure 4B). |
T137 |
589-763 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The function of PBMCs in patients with SRF caused by 2009H1N1 was also impaired, and there was lower TNF-α production, a pattern different from COVID-19 patients (Figure 4C). |
T138 |
764-920 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Surprisingly, stimulation of IL-1β was lower among patients with immune dysregulation than among patients with an intermediate immune state (Figures 4D–4F). |
T139 |
921-994 |
Sentence |
denotes |
IL-6, however, followed the stimulation pattern of TNF-α (Figures 4G–4I). |
T140 |
995-1293 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This generated the hypothesis that in the case of SRF-aggravated pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2, there is a unique combination of defective antigen presentation and lymphopenia that leads to defective function of lymphoid cells, whereas monocytes remain potent for the production of TNF-α and IL-6. |
T141 |
1294-1374 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Figure 4 Main Features of Immune Dysregulation of Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2 |
T142 |
1375-1532 |
Sentence |
denotes |
(A) Production of TNF-α by PBMCs of patients with sepsis caused by bacterial CAP classified into intermediate state of immune activation and immunoparalysis. |
T143 |
1533-1696 |
Sentence |
denotes |
(B) Production of TNF-α by PBMCs of patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified into three states of immune activation: intermediate, dysregulation, and MAS. |
T144 |
1697-1825 |
Sentence |
denotes |
(C) Production of TNF-α by PBMCs of patients with SRF developing after infection caused by the 2009H1N1 virus and by SARS-CoV-2. |
T145 |
1826-1983 |
Sentence |
denotes |
(D) Production of IL-1β by PBMCs of patients with sepsis caused by bacterial CAP classified into intermediate state of immune activation and immunoparalysis. |
T146 |
1984-2147 |
Sentence |
denotes |
(E) Production of IL-1β by PBMCs of patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified into three states of immune activation: intermediate, dysregulation, and MAS. |
T147 |
2148-2276 |
Sentence |
denotes |
(F) Production of IL-1β by PBMCs of patients with SRF developing after infection caused by the 2009H1N1 virus and by SARS-CoV-2. |
T148 |
2277-2433 |
Sentence |
denotes |
(G) Production of IL-6 by PBMCs of patients with sepsis caused by bacterial CAP classified into intermediate state of immune activation and immunoparalysis. |
T149 |
2434-2589 |
Sentence |
denotes |
(H) Production of IL-6 by PBMCs of patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified into states of immune activation: intermediate, dysregulation and MAS. |
T150 |
2590-2717 |
Sentence |
denotes |
(I) Production of IL-6 by PBMCs of patients with SRF developing after infection caused by the 2009H1N1 virus and by SARS-CoV-2. |
T151 |
2718-2885 |
Sentence |
denotes |
(J–L) Serum amounts of TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP of patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified into states of immune activation: intermediate, dysregulation and MAS. |
T152 |
2886-2949 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Bars in each graphic represent mean values and standard errors. |
T153 |
2950-3076 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Statistical comparisons are indicated by the arrows; ns: non-significant; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. |
T154 |
3077-3174 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Comparisons were done by the Mann-Whitney U test followed by correction for multiple comparisons. |