| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T144 |
0-26 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Ancillary Diagnostic Tests |
| T145 |
27-131 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The optimal use of diagnostic imaging, biomarkers, and other nonmicrobiologic tests is rapidly evolving. |
| T146 |
133-151 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Radiographic Tests |
| T147 |
152-223 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Many centers have evaluated the utility of chest imaging for diagnosis. |
| T148 |
224-381 |
Sentence |
denotes |
On chest radiography, bilateral pneumonia is the most frequently reported feature (range, 11.8% to 100%) and is more common than a unilateral focus (49, 50). |
| T149 |
382-550 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Computed tomography is regarded as more sensitive than radiography, with several cohort studies reporting that most patients (77.8% to 100%) had ground glass opacities. |
| T150 |
551-717 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Other features commonly reported with COVID-19 on chest computed tomography include a peripheral distribution, fine reticular opacities, and vascular thickening (51). |
| T151 |
718-894 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Compared with serial nasopharyngeal sampling, chest computed tomography may be more sensitive than an RT-PCR test at a single time point for the diagnosis of COVID-19 (52, 53). |
| T152 |
895-1027 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In addition, artificial intelligence may help distinguish COVID-19 from other etiologic agents of community-acquired pneumonia (54). |
| T153 |
1028-1159 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, these findings are not completely specific to COVID-19 and do not exclude a co-infection or an alternative diagnosis (55). |
| T154 |
1161-1205 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Biomarkers Associated With COVID-19 Patients |
| T155 |
1206-1516 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The most common laboratory features reported in patients with COVID-19 include decreased albumin (75.8% [95% CI, 30.5% to 100%]), elevated C-reactive protein (58.3% [CI, 21.8% to 94.7%]), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels (57.0% [CI, 38.0% to 76.0%]), and lymphopenia (43.1% [CI, 18.9% to 67.3%]) (56). |
| T156 |
1517-1782 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Other biomarkers that have been reported include increased erythrocyte sedimentation rates; elevated aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatinine kinase levels; leukopenia; leukocytosis; and increased bilirubin and creatinine levels (57–59). |
| T157 |
1783-1993 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Such findings are not surprising, because these biomarkers represent an inflammatory host response to SARS–CoV-2 or are early markers of end-organ dysfunction, similar to that seen in patients with sepsis (60). |
| T158 |
1994-2176 |
Sentence |
denotes |
No biomarker or combination of biomarkers currently exists that is sensitive or specific enough to establish a diagnosis of COVID-19, or to pragmatically predict its clinical course. |
