LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7160611 / 1217-13598 JSONTXT 15 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T13 0-12 Sentence denotes Introduction
T14 13-138 Sentence denotes Since December 2019, a number of patients with pneumonia of unknown etiology have been reported in Wuhan, Hubei province [1].
T15 139-251 Sentence denotes It was reported that most of these patients worked at or lived around the local Huanan seafood wholesale market.
T16 252-431 Sentence denotes Severe acute respiratory infection symptoms occurred in most patients, with some patients rapidly developing acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute respiratory failure [2].
T17 432-616 Sentence denotes On January 7, 2020, a novel type of coronavirus was identified from the throat swab sample of a patient, and was temporarily termed as 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO).
T18 617-709 Sentence denotes On February 11, the pneumonia caused by 2019-nCoV was formally named as COVID-19 by WHO [3].
T19 710-789 Sentence denotes The 2019-nCoV spreads rapidly, mainly through droplet and contact transmission.
T20 790-941 Sentence denotes Until March 3, 2020, the number of confirmed cases reached more than 80,000 according to the report from the National Health Commission (NHC) of China.
T21 942-1200 Sentence denotes COVID-19 was classified as one of the legal class B infectious diseases in China, but taking the highest level of prevention and control measures according to the “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.”
T22 1201-1329 Sentence denotes On February 11, 2020, “Diagnosis and Treatment Protocols of COVID-19 Infection (6th edition)” was published by NHC of China [4].
T23 1330-1482 Sentence denotes It indicated that X-ray and computed tomography (CT) examinations were effective methods for the screening and diagnosis of this infectious disease [5].
T24 1483-1616 Sentence denotes However, most radiologists and radiological technologists in radiology departments had less experience when facing COVID-19 patients.
T25 1617-1748 Sentence denotes Examination with nonstandard prevention procedures will lead to high risks of hospital cross-infection in the radiology department.
T26 1749-2176 Sentence denotes In order to effectively reduce the infection risk of radiologists and radiological technologists, a consensus on “Prevention and control measures in radiology department for COVID-19” was presented under the endeavors of many radiologists and radiological technologists led by the Chinese Society of Imaging Technology, Chinese Medical Association, aiming to guide the prevention and practical work in the radiology department.
T27 2178-2208 Sentence denotes Personal protection levels [6]
T28 2210-2228 Sentence denotes General protection
T29 2229-2314 Sentence denotes Wearing work clothes, disposable medical masks, work caps, and gloves (if necessary).
T30 2316-2343 Sentence denotes Primary level of protection
T31 2344-2436 Sentence denotes It is suitable for pre-examination and triage, fever clinic, and infectious diseases clinic.
T32 2437-2680 Sentence denotes Wearing disposable work caps, disposable medical masks (N95-type masks are recommended when contacting with confirmed patients), work clothes, isolation gowns, and disposable latex gloves (if necessary), and strictly implementing hand hygiene.
T33 2682-2711 Sentence denotes Secondary level of protection
T34 2712-2804 Sentence denotes It is suitable for medical staff who has close contact with suspected or confirmed patients.
T35 2805-3045 Sentence denotes Wearing disposable work caps, protective goggles or face shields (anti-fog type), medical protective masks, protective clothing or isolation gowns, disposable latex gloves, and disposable shoe covers, and strictly implementing hand hygiene.
T36 3047-3072 Sentence denotes Third level of protection
T37 3073-3347 Sentence denotes It is suitable for aerosol-generating procedures performed for suspected or confirmed patients, such as sputum aspirating, respiratory sampling, tracheal intubation, and tracheotomy, which may cause spraying or splashing of respiratory secretions and substances of the body.
T38 3348-3622 Sentence denotes Wearing disposable work caps, medical protective masks, protective face shields (full-scale respirators or positive pressure headgears are recommended), medical protective clothing, disposable latex gloves, and disposable shoe covers, and strictly implementing hand hygiene.
T39 3624-3674 Sentence denotes Requirements for working environment and positions
T40 3676-3716 Sentence denotes Requirements for working environment [7]
T41 3717-3834 Sentence denotes An independent medical imaging examination room is needed and different working areas should be strictly separated.I.
T42 3835-4094 Sentence denotes To prevent cross-infection, an independent medical imaging examination area or a dedicated radiological examination equipment (including X-ray photography equipment and CT scanner for infected patients) as well as a dedicated film printer should be available.
T43 4095-4277 Sentence denotes According to the requirements for nosocomial infection prevention and control, the polluted area, semi-polluted area, and cleaning area need to be strictly separated and disinfected.
T44 4278-4476 Sentence denotes If a dedicated examination room (such as a CT room) cannot be separated from others, strict equipment and air disinfection are required after the current patient scan and between patient encounters.
T45 4477-4785 Sentence denotes Fever clinics, radiological contaminated and semi-contaminated areas, and isolation wards are the key areas for healthcare-associated infections prevention and control, which must be terminally disinfected after the examinations for confirmed patients and before the examinations for next suspected patients.
T46 4786-4789 Sentence denotes II.
T47 4790-4854 Sentence denotes A dedicated radiological examinations route must be established.
T48 4855-4859 Sentence denotes III.
T49 4860-5032 Sentence denotes Batch-based and time-separated services should be carried out for confirmed patients and suspected patients in fever clinic and ward, with a subsequent strict disinfection.
T50 5034-5092 Sentence denotes Requirements for medical staff in radiology department [8]
T51 5093-5291 Sentence denotes Administrator of nosocomial infections: at least one administrator needs to be designed, who is responsible for directing and supervising the disinfection and protection in the radiology department.
T52 5292-5450 Sentence denotes They must guide the whole disinfection, make a clear division, and report in time to guarantee the staff and patients by avoiding to be infected by the virus.
T53 5452-5495 Sentence denotes Radiographers for bedside X-ray photography
T54 5496-5625 Sentence denotes Specific radiographers need to be arranged to carry out bedside X-ray photography in key areas and take standardized photography.
T55 5626-5715 Sentence denotes These radiographers are required to strictly implement the secondary level of protection.
T56 5716-5960 Sentence denotes In the case of work that may cause spraying or splashing of respiratory secretions and substances of the body, such as sputum aspiration, respiratory sampling, endotracheal intubation, and tracheotomy, the third level of protection is required.
T57 5961-6057 Sentence denotes After each examination, the surface of equipment should be disinfected (wiped with 75% ethanol).
T58 6059-6121 Sentence denotes Radiographers for digital radiography (DR) and CT examinations
T59 6122-6230 Sentence denotes The radiographers in charge of patient position should strictly implement the secondary level of protection.
T60 6231-6335 Sentence denotes The radiographers in charge of operating equipment can adopt the first or secondary level of protection.
T61 6337-6384 Sentence denotes Staff for patient registration in the key areas
T62 6385-6564 Sentence denotes Patient registration should be completed by the radiographers in the key areas, and any material being in contact with the confirmed patients must be separately and safely stored.
T63 6565-6660 Sentence denotes Staff for patient registration in the non-key area should take the primary level of prevention.
T64 6661-6860 Sentence denotes It is recommended to make full use of the hospital information system (HIS), picture archiving and communication system (PACS), and radiology information system (RIS) to achieve paperless management.
T65 6862-6930 Sentence denotes Other staff working in the non-key areas in the radiology department
T66 6931-7162 Sentence denotes It is recommended to take the general protection when working in the cleaning areas, take the primary protection when working in the semi-contaminated areas, and take the secondary protection when working in the contaminated areas.
T67 7163-7407 Sentence denotes In the case of work that may cause spraying or splashing of respiratory secretions and substances of the body, such as sputum aspiration, respiratory sampling, endotracheal intubation, and tracheotomy, the third level of protection is required.
T68 7409-7460 Sentence denotes Working mode for radiographers in key areas (trial)
T69 7461-7683 Sentence denotes The radiographers for bedside X-ray photography, DR, and CT examinations working in the isolation area are recommended to take a 2 + 2 working mode, due to the possibility of closely contacting with the confirmed patients.
T70 7684-7953 Sentence denotes In the 2 + 2 working mode, the radiographers should complete a first period of 14 workdays in the isolation area, and subsequently take a second period of 14 days in a specific dedicated isolation ward for supervised medical observation before returning to normal work.
T71 7955-8016 Sentence denotes Processes of wearing and removing protective clothing [9, 10]
T72 8018-8056 Sentence denotes Process of wearing protective clothing
T73 8057-8421 Sentence denotes Seven steps of hand-washing; wearing a cap; wearing a medical protective mask (taking the leak test); wearing medical protective clothing (after removing shoes); wearing latex gloves (inner layer); wearing isolation clothing; wearing latex gloves (outer layer); wearing rubber boots/shoes; wearing boot/shoe covers; wearing goggles/face shield; checking tightness.
T74 8423-8462 Sentence denotes Process of removing protective clothing
T75 8463-8633 Sentence denotes In contaminated areas: clearing visible dirt; hand hygiene; taking off outer boot/shoe covers; hand hygiene; taking off isolation clothing and outer gloves; hand hygiene.
T76 8634-8866 Sentence denotes In the semi-contaminated area: taking off goggles/mask; hand hygiene; taking off protective clothing, inner gloves, and boot covers; hand hygiene; taking off medical protective masks; taking off the cap; seven steps of hand-washing.
T77 8868-8921 Sentence denotes Cleaning and disinfection of radiology equipment [11]
T78 8923-8937 Sentence denotes Daily cleaning
T79 8938-8940 Sentence denotes I.
T80 8941-9039 Sentence denotes Metal surface and painted surface can be wiped with soft detergent, and then dried with dry towel.
T81 9040-9133 Sentence denotes Corrosive cleaning agent, corrosive detergent, and corrosive polishing agent are not allowed.
T82 9134-9137 Sentence denotes II.
T83 9138-9189 Sentence denotes Chrome parts should only be wiped with a dry towel.
T84 9190-9224 Sentence denotes Abrasive polishes are not allowed.
T85 9225-9273 Sentence denotes Wax is suggested to protect the surface coating.
T86 9274-9331 Sentence denotes Plastic surfaces can only be cleaned with soap and water.
T87 9332-9336 Sentence denotes III.
T88 9337-9422 Sentence denotes Common glass cleaner except for amide products can be used to clean the touch screen.
T89 9423-9501 Sentence denotes Spray the glass cleaner on the cloth or towel, and then wipe the touch screen.
T90 9502-9602 Sentence denotes Be sure to remove the liquid drops in time to prevent it from flowing into the gap of the equipment.
T91 9604-9626 Sentence denotes Equipment disinfection
T92 9627-9629 Sentence denotes I.
T93 9630-9801 Sentence denotes After each examination (including X-ray photography, CT, magnetic resonance imaging, or others), the equipment must be disinfected by wiping the surface using 75% ethanol.
T94 9802-9805 Sentence denotes II.
T95 9806-9846 Sentence denotes Corrosive disinfectants are not allowed.
T96 9847-9851 Sentence denotes III.
T97 9852-10001 Sentence denotes Disinfectant sprays should be used carefully, as they may penetrate into the equipment, resulting in short-circuit, metal corrosion, or other damage.
T98 10002-10171 Sentence denotes If the spray disinfector is needed in the room, the equipment must be shut down, cooled, and completely covered with plastic film before starting the spray disinfection.
T99 10172-10253 Sentence denotes Then the equipment itself is disinfected by wiping the surface using 75% ethanol.
T100 10255-10273 Sentence denotes Floor disinfection
T101 10274-10483 Sentence denotes Visible pollutants should firstly be removed using disposable water absorption material, and then the floor should be disinfected by using 2000 mg/L disinfectant containing chlorine (except for chlorhexidine).
T102 10484-10599 Sentence denotes Furthermore, any other objects (such as handrail, door handle, window, and wall switch) should also be disinfected.
T103 10601-10617 Sentence denotes Air disinfection
T104 10618-10798 Sentence denotes Air disinfection for the equipment room is recommended by using ultraviolet irradiation (continuous irradiation for more than 30 min), followed by ventilation for more than 30 min.
T105 10800-10818 Sentence denotes Other disinfection
T106 10819-10875 Sentence denotes All disposable protective products must be non-reusable.
T107 10876-11102 Sentence denotes The reusable protective products (such as goggles) should be placed at the designated disinfection place, and be soaked in 1000 mg/L disinfectant containing chlorine (except for chlorhexidine) or 75% ethanol for more than 1 h.
T108 11104-11168 Sentence denotes Treatment measures of medical waste in radiology department [12]
T109 11170-11205 Sentence denotes Collection process of medical waste
T110 11206-11348 Sentence denotes All waste from confirmed patients are regarded as infectious medical waste, and should be managed strictly according to the following process.
T111 11349-11854 Sentence denotes The process of disposing infectious waste is as follows: put the infectious waste into the medical waste collection bag (ideally be no more than ¾ full); spray the bag with 5000 mg/L disinfectant containing chlorine (except for chlorhexidine); seal the inner layer and outer layer in a Goose-Neck-Type and spray the layers with 5000 mg/L disinfectant containing chlorine (except for chlorhexidine); paste special identifications in the outer layer, and store it in the specialized site for medical wastes.
T112 11856-11876 Sentence denotes Personnel protection
T113 11877-12054 Sentence denotes The cleaners should take the secondary level of protection and be responsible for handover registration, safe transportation, and proper storage of the infectious medical waste.
T114 12056-12063 Sentence denotes Summary
T115 12064-12182 Sentence denotes Radiological examination, especially chest CT, plays an irreplaceable role in the diagnosis of patients with COVID-19.
T116 12183-12381 Sentence denotes Radiologists, radiological technologists, and nurses must have a great command of the individual protection and disinfection procedures when working in radiology department, especially in key areas.