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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-68 Sentence denotes Prevention and control measures in radiology department for COVID-19
T2 70-78 Sentence denotes Abstract
T3 79-87 Sentence denotes Abstract
T4 88-280 Sentence denotes Since a novel coronavirus was discovered from a cluster of patients with emerging pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China, it has spread rapidly through droplet and contact transmission.
T5 281-426 Sentence denotes Recently, the novel coronavirus pneumonia which was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) has been raised as a worldwide problem.
T6 427-533 Sentence denotes Radiological examinations were confirmed as effective methods for the screening and diagnosis of COVID-19.
T7 534-672 Sentence denotes It is reported that some radiologists and radiological technologists were infected when giving examinations to the patients with COVID-19.
T8 673-953 Sentence denotes In order to reduce the infection risk of medical staff in radiology department, we summarized the experience on prevention and control measures in radiology department for COVID-19, aiming to guide the prevention and practical work for radiologists and radiological technologists.
T9 955-965 Sentence denotes Key Points
T10 966-1047 Sentence denotes • The novel coronavirus spreads rapidly through droplet and contact transmission.
T11 1048-1129 Sentence denotes • Radiologists and radiological technologists were possibly infected by patients.
T12 1130-1215 Sentence denotes • Prevention and control measures in radiology department for COVID-19 are important.
T13 1217-1229 Sentence denotes Introduction
T14 1230-1355 Sentence denotes Since December 2019, a number of patients with pneumonia of unknown etiology have been reported in Wuhan, Hubei province [1].
T15 1356-1468 Sentence denotes It was reported that most of these patients worked at or lived around the local Huanan seafood wholesale market.
T16 1469-1648 Sentence denotes Severe acute respiratory infection symptoms occurred in most patients, with some patients rapidly developing acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute respiratory failure [2].
T17 1649-1833 Sentence denotes On January 7, 2020, a novel type of coronavirus was identified from the throat swab sample of a patient, and was temporarily termed as 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO).
T18 1834-1926 Sentence denotes On February 11, the pneumonia caused by 2019-nCoV was formally named as COVID-19 by WHO [3].
T19 1927-2006 Sentence denotes The 2019-nCoV spreads rapidly, mainly through droplet and contact transmission.
T20 2007-2158 Sentence denotes Until March 3, 2020, the number of confirmed cases reached more than 80,000 according to the report from the National Health Commission (NHC) of China.
T21 2159-2417 Sentence denotes COVID-19 was classified as one of the legal class B infectious diseases in China, but taking the highest level of prevention and control measures according to the “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.”
T22 2418-2546 Sentence denotes On February 11, 2020, “Diagnosis and Treatment Protocols of COVID-19 Infection (6th edition)” was published by NHC of China [4].
T23 2547-2699 Sentence denotes It indicated that X-ray and computed tomography (CT) examinations were effective methods for the screening and diagnosis of this infectious disease [5].
T24 2700-2833 Sentence denotes However, most radiologists and radiological technologists in radiology departments had less experience when facing COVID-19 patients.
T25 2834-2965 Sentence denotes Examination with nonstandard prevention procedures will lead to high risks of hospital cross-infection in the radiology department.
T26 2966-3393 Sentence denotes In order to effectively reduce the infection risk of radiologists and radiological technologists, a consensus on “Prevention and control measures in radiology department for COVID-19” was presented under the endeavors of many radiologists and radiological technologists led by the Chinese Society of Imaging Technology, Chinese Medical Association, aiming to guide the prevention and practical work in the radiology department.
T27 3395-3425 Sentence denotes Personal protection levels [6]
T28 3427-3445 Sentence denotes General protection
T29 3446-3531 Sentence denotes Wearing work clothes, disposable medical masks, work caps, and gloves (if necessary).
T30 3533-3560 Sentence denotes Primary level of protection
T31 3561-3653 Sentence denotes It is suitable for pre-examination and triage, fever clinic, and infectious diseases clinic.
T32 3654-3897 Sentence denotes Wearing disposable work caps, disposable medical masks (N95-type masks are recommended when contacting with confirmed patients), work clothes, isolation gowns, and disposable latex gloves (if necessary), and strictly implementing hand hygiene.
T33 3899-3928 Sentence denotes Secondary level of protection
T34 3929-4021 Sentence denotes It is suitable for medical staff who has close contact with suspected or confirmed patients.
T35 4022-4262 Sentence denotes Wearing disposable work caps, protective goggles or face shields (anti-fog type), medical protective masks, protective clothing or isolation gowns, disposable latex gloves, and disposable shoe covers, and strictly implementing hand hygiene.
T36 4264-4289 Sentence denotes Third level of protection
T37 4290-4564 Sentence denotes It is suitable for aerosol-generating procedures performed for suspected or confirmed patients, such as sputum aspirating, respiratory sampling, tracheal intubation, and tracheotomy, which may cause spraying or splashing of respiratory secretions and substances of the body.
T38 4565-4839 Sentence denotes Wearing disposable work caps, medical protective masks, protective face shields (full-scale respirators or positive pressure headgears are recommended), medical protective clothing, disposable latex gloves, and disposable shoe covers, and strictly implementing hand hygiene.
T39 4841-4891 Sentence denotes Requirements for working environment and positions
T40 4893-4933 Sentence denotes Requirements for working environment [7]
T41 4934-5051 Sentence denotes An independent medical imaging examination room is needed and different working areas should be strictly separated.I.
T42 5052-5311 Sentence denotes To prevent cross-infection, an independent medical imaging examination area or a dedicated radiological examination equipment (including X-ray photography equipment and CT scanner for infected patients) as well as a dedicated film printer should be available.
T43 5312-5494 Sentence denotes According to the requirements for nosocomial infection prevention and control, the polluted area, semi-polluted area, and cleaning area need to be strictly separated and disinfected.
T44 5495-5693 Sentence denotes If a dedicated examination room (such as a CT room) cannot be separated from others, strict equipment and air disinfection are required after the current patient scan and between patient encounters.
T45 5694-6002 Sentence denotes Fever clinics, radiological contaminated and semi-contaminated areas, and isolation wards are the key areas for healthcare-associated infections prevention and control, which must be terminally disinfected after the examinations for confirmed patients and before the examinations for next suspected patients.
T46 6003-6006 Sentence denotes II.
T47 6007-6071 Sentence denotes A dedicated radiological examinations route must be established.
T48 6072-6076 Sentence denotes III.
T49 6077-6249 Sentence denotes Batch-based and time-separated services should be carried out for confirmed patients and suspected patients in fever clinic and ward, with a subsequent strict disinfection.
T50 6251-6309 Sentence denotes Requirements for medical staff in radiology department [8]
T51 6310-6508 Sentence denotes Administrator of nosocomial infections: at least one administrator needs to be designed, who is responsible for directing and supervising the disinfection and protection in the radiology department.
T52 6509-6667 Sentence denotes They must guide the whole disinfection, make a clear division, and report in time to guarantee the staff and patients by avoiding to be infected by the virus.
T53 6669-6712 Sentence denotes Radiographers for bedside X-ray photography
T54 6713-6842 Sentence denotes Specific radiographers need to be arranged to carry out bedside X-ray photography in key areas and take standardized photography.
T55 6843-6932 Sentence denotes These radiographers are required to strictly implement the secondary level of protection.
T56 6933-7177 Sentence denotes In the case of work that may cause spraying or splashing of respiratory secretions and substances of the body, such as sputum aspiration, respiratory sampling, endotracheal intubation, and tracheotomy, the third level of protection is required.
T57 7178-7274 Sentence denotes After each examination, the surface of equipment should be disinfected (wiped with 75% ethanol).
T58 7276-7338 Sentence denotes Radiographers for digital radiography (DR) and CT examinations
T59 7339-7447 Sentence denotes The radiographers in charge of patient position should strictly implement the secondary level of protection.
T60 7448-7552 Sentence denotes The radiographers in charge of operating equipment can adopt the first or secondary level of protection.
T61 7554-7601 Sentence denotes Staff for patient registration in the key areas
T62 7602-7781 Sentence denotes Patient registration should be completed by the radiographers in the key areas, and any material being in contact with the confirmed patients must be separately and safely stored.
T63 7782-7877 Sentence denotes Staff for patient registration in the non-key area should take the primary level of prevention.
T64 7878-8077 Sentence denotes It is recommended to make full use of the hospital information system (HIS), picture archiving and communication system (PACS), and radiology information system (RIS) to achieve paperless management.
T65 8079-8147 Sentence denotes Other staff working in the non-key areas in the radiology department
T66 8148-8379 Sentence denotes It is recommended to take the general protection when working in the cleaning areas, take the primary protection when working in the semi-contaminated areas, and take the secondary protection when working in the contaminated areas.
T67 8380-8624 Sentence denotes In the case of work that may cause spraying or splashing of respiratory secretions and substances of the body, such as sputum aspiration, respiratory sampling, endotracheal intubation, and tracheotomy, the third level of protection is required.
T68 8626-8677 Sentence denotes Working mode for radiographers in key areas (trial)
T69 8678-8900 Sentence denotes The radiographers for bedside X-ray photography, DR, and CT examinations working in the isolation area are recommended to take a 2 + 2 working mode, due to the possibility of closely contacting with the confirmed patients.
T70 8901-9170 Sentence denotes In the 2 + 2 working mode, the radiographers should complete a first period of 14 workdays in the isolation area, and subsequently take a second period of 14 days in a specific dedicated isolation ward for supervised medical observation before returning to normal work.
T71 9172-9233 Sentence denotes Processes of wearing and removing protective clothing [9, 10]
T72 9235-9273 Sentence denotes Process of wearing protective clothing
T73 9274-9638 Sentence denotes Seven steps of hand-washing; wearing a cap; wearing a medical protective mask (taking the leak test); wearing medical protective clothing (after removing shoes); wearing latex gloves (inner layer); wearing isolation clothing; wearing latex gloves (outer layer); wearing rubber boots/shoes; wearing boot/shoe covers; wearing goggles/face shield; checking tightness.
T74 9640-9679 Sentence denotes Process of removing protective clothing
T75 9680-9850 Sentence denotes In contaminated areas: clearing visible dirt; hand hygiene; taking off outer boot/shoe covers; hand hygiene; taking off isolation clothing and outer gloves; hand hygiene.
T76 9851-10083 Sentence denotes In the semi-contaminated area: taking off goggles/mask; hand hygiene; taking off protective clothing, inner gloves, and boot covers; hand hygiene; taking off medical protective masks; taking off the cap; seven steps of hand-washing.
T77 10085-10138 Sentence denotes Cleaning and disinfection of radiology equipment [11]
T78 10140-10154 Sentence denotes Daily cleaning
T79 10155-10157 Sentence denotes I.
T80 10158-10256 Sentence denotes Metal surface and painted surface can be wiped with soft detergent, and then dried with dry towel.
T81 10257-10350 Sentence denotes Corrosive cleaning agent, corrosive detergent, and corrosive polishing agent are not allowed.
T82 10351-10354 Sentence denotes II.
T83 10355-10406 Sentence denotes Chrome parts should only be wiped with a dry towel.
T84 10407-10441 Sentence denotes Abrasive polishes are not allowed.
T85 10442-10490 Sentence denotes Wax is suggested to protect the surface coating.
T86 10491-10548 Sentence denotes Plastic surfaces can only be cleaned with soap and water.
T87 10549-10553 Sentence denotes III.
T88 10554-10639 Sentence denotes Common glass cleaner except for amide products can be used to clean the touch screen.
T89 10640-10718 Sentence denotes Spray the glass cleaner on the cloth or towel, and then wipe the touch screen.
T90 10719-10819 Sentence denotes Be sure to remove the liquid drops in time to prevent it from flowing into the gap of the equipment.
T91 10821-10843 Sentence denotes Equipment disinfection
T92 10844-10846 Sentence denotes I.
T93 10847-11018 Sentence denotes After each examination (including X-ray photography, CT, magnetic resonance imaging, or others), the equipment must be disinfected by wiping the surface using 75% ethanol.
T94 11019-11022 Sentence denotes II.
T95 11023-11063 Sentence denotes Corrosive disinfectants are not allowed.
T96 11064-11068 Sentence denotes III.
T97 11069-11218 Sentence denotes Disinfectant sprays should be used carefully, as they may penetrate into the equipment, resulting in short-circuit, metal corrosion, or other damage.
T98 11219-11388 Sentence denotes If the spray disinfector is needed in the room, the equipment must be shut down, cooled, and completely covered with plastic film before starting the spray disinfection.
T99 11389-11470 Sentence denotes Then the equipment itself is disinfected by wiping the surface using 75% ethanol.
T100 11472-11490 Sentence denotes Floor disinfection
T101 11491-11700 Sentence denotes Visible pollutants should firstly be removed using disposable water absorption material, and then the floor should be disinfected by using 2000 mg/L disinfectant containing chlorine (except for chlorhexidine).
T102 11701-11816 Sentence denotes Furthermore, any other objects (such as handrail, door handle, window, and wall switch) should also be disinfected.
T103 11818-11834 Sentence denotes Air disinfection
T104 11835-12015 Sentence denotes Air disinfection for the equipment room is recommended by using ultraviolet irradiation (continuous irradiation for more than 30 min), followed by ventilation for more than 30 min.
T105 12017-12035 Sentence denotes Other disinfection
T106 12036-12092 Sentence denotes All disposable protective products must be non-reusable.
T107 12093-12319 Sentence denotes The reusable protective products (such as goggles) should be placed at the designated disinfection place, and be soaked in 1000 mg/L disinfectant containing chlorine (except for chlorhexidine) or 75% ethanol for more than 1 h.
T108 12321-12385 Sentence denotes Treatment measures of medical waste in radiology department [12]
T109 12387-12422 Sentence denotes Collection process of medical waste
T110 12423-12565 Sentence denotes All waste from confirmed patients are regarded as infectious medical waste, and should be managed strictly according to the following process.
T111 12566-13071 Sentence denotes The process of disposing infectious waste is as follows: put the infectious waste into the medical waste collection bag (ideally be no more than ¾ full); spray the bag with 5000 mg/L disinfectant containing chlorine (except for chlorhexidine); seal the inner layer and outer layer in a Goose-Neck-Type and spray the layers with 5000 mg/L disinfectant containing chlorine (except for chlorhexidine); paste special identifications in the outer layer, and store it in the specialized site for medical wastes.
T112 13073-13093 Sentence denotes Personnel protection
T113 13094-13271 Sentence denotes The cleaners should take the secondary level of protection and be responsible for handover registration, safe transportation, and proper storage of the infectious medical waste.
T114 13273-13280 Sentence denotes Summary
T115 13281-13399 Sentence denotes Radiological examination, especially chest CT, plays an irreplaceable role in the diagnosis of patients with COVID-19.
T116 13400-13598 Sentence denotes Radiologists, radiological technologists, and nurses must have a great command of the individual protection and disinfection procedures when working in radiology department, especially in key areas.
T117 13600-13616 Sentence denotes Publisher’s note
T118 13617-13735 Sentence denotes Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
T119 13737-13753 Sentence denotes Acknowledgements
T120 13754-13852 Sentence denotes We thank the following experts from different hospitals in China for their supports to this paper:
T121 13853-13945 Sentence denotes Baozeng Wang, Department of Infections, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
T122 13946-14055 Sentence denotes Bing Zhang, Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
T123 14056-14132 Sentence denotes Chenhong Fan, Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
T124 14133-14226 Sentence denotes Daoyong Liu, Department of Radiology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University
T125 14227-14304 Sentence denotes Dong Li, Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
T126 14305-14389 Sentence denotes Dong Xu, Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University
T127 14390-14486 Sentence denotes Fajin Lv, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
T128 14487-14560 Sentence denotes Fei Shan, Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center
T129 14561-14642 Sentence denotes Guangping Zheng, Department of Radiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen
T130 14643-14709 Sentence denotes Haikun Du, Department of Radiology, Xining First People’s Hospital
T131 14710-14800 Sentence denotes Haikuo Wang, Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
T132 14801-14889 Sentence denotes Haoliang Li, Department of Radiology, Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University
T133 14890-14977 Sentence denotes Hongjun Li, Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University
T134 14978-15045 Sentence denotes Housheng Ma, Department of Radiology, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital
T135 15046-15120 Sentence denotes Huadan Xue, Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital
T136 15121-15210 Sentence denotes Jiaojiao Liu, Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University
T137 15211-15307 Sentence denotes Jiawen Luo, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
T138 15308-15365 Sentence denotes Jin Lv, Department of Radiology, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital
T139 15366-15443 Sentence denotes Junhui Zheng, Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital
T140 15444-15516 Sentence denotes Lei Shi, Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center
T141 15517-15605 Sentence denotes Li Fan, Department of Radiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University
T142 15606-15708 Sentence denotes Longjiang Zhang, Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
T143 15709-15790 Sentence denotes Min Jiang, Department of Radiology, Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center
T144 15791-15854 Sentence denotes Ming Yang, Department of Radiology, Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital
T145 15855-15933 Sentence denotes Minjie Zhang, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University
T146 15934-16023 Sentence denotes Pan Liang, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
T147 16024-16116 Sentence denotes Pengfei Geng, Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
T148 16117-16195 Sentence denotes Puxuan Lu, Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Chronic Disease Prevention Center
T149 16196-16274 Sentence denotes Rengyin Zhang, Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center
T150 16275-16367 Sentence denotes Rongmeng Jiang, Department of Infections, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University
T151 16368-16468 Sentence denotes Shengyuan Lai, Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University;
T152 16469-16558 Sentence denotes Shouyong Shi, Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University
T153 16559-16626 Sentence denotes Shuang Xia, Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital
T154 16627-16718 Sentence denotes Shucong Xu, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics
T155 16719-16803 Sentence denotes Shuo Li, Department of Radiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University
T156 16804-16879 Sentence denotes Songfeng Jiang, Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital
T157 16880-16942 Sentence denotes Wenluan Fan, Department of Radiology, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital
T158 16943-17031 Sentence denotes Xiaopeng Du, Department of Radiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University
T159 17032-17128 Sentence denotes Xiaoyi Duan, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
T160 17129-17211 Sentence denotes Xin Dai, Department of Radiology, Chongqing Public Health Medical Treatment Center
T161 17212-17304 Sentence denotes Xingui Peng, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University
T162 17305-17416 Sentence denotes Xiongying Yu, Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of South Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province
T163 17417-17479 Sentence denotes Yanqing Fan, Department of Radiology, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital
T164 17480-17569 Sentence denotes Yantao Niu, Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University
T165 17570-17663 Sentence denotes Yaqin Zhang, Department of Radiology, The fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
T166 17664-17740 Sentence denotes Yijun Zhang, Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center
T167 17741-17830 Sentence denotes Yong Zhang, Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
T168 17831-17905 Sentence denotes Yuxin Shi, Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center
T169 17906-18002 Sentence denotes Zaiyi Liu, Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
T170 18003-18092 Sentence denotes Zhenying Xia, Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University
T171 18093-18154 Sentence denotes Zhiying Yang, Medical Imaging Center, Dazhou Central Hospital
T172 18155-18277 Sentence denotes Ziqiao Lei, Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
T173 18279-18298 Sentence denotes Funding information
T174 18299-18361 Sentence denotes The authors state that this work has not received any funding.
T175 18363-18396 Sentence denotes Compliance with ethical standards
T176 18398-18407 Sentence denotes Guarantor
T177 18408-18473 Sentence denotes The scientific guarantor of this publication is Prof. Haihong Fu.
T178 18475-18495 Sentence denotes Conflict of interest
T179 18496-18835 Sentence denotes This paper obtained the “certificate of authorization” for reprint of the content from “Expert consensus of radiological examination scheme and infection prevention of the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (First version)” which was in Chinese and had been accepted by a Chinese journal “Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases.”
T180 18836-18997 Sentence denotes The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any other companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.
T181 18999-19022 Sentence denotes Statistics and biometry
T182 19023-19084 Sentence denotes No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.
T183 19086-19102 Sentence denotes Informed consent
T184 19103-19118 Sentence denotes Not applicable.
T185 19120-19136 Sentence denotes Ethical approval
T186 19137-19152 Sentence denotes Not applicable.
T187 19154-19165 Sentence denotes Methodology
T188 19166-19185 Sentence denotes • Multicenter study