LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7160441 / 623-9811 JSONTXT 12 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T6 0-137 Sentence denotes The Sentinelles network monitors influenza-like illnesses (ILI) and acute respiratory infections (ARI) in general practice in France [1].
T7 138-281 Sentence denotes The 2019/20 influenza epidemic reached its peak in mid-February in France [2] and it was expected that ILI incidence would decrease thereafter.
T8 282-384 Sentence denotes However, in the first week of March 2020, we observed a renewed increase in ILI cases in some regions.
T9 385-563 Sentence denotes Several nasopharyngeal swabs collected in that period by Sentinelles general practitioners (GPs) tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
T10 564-720 Sentence denotes Here, we quantified the number of consultations for ILI in France in early March 2020 in excess of what was expected to be caused by the influenza epidemic.
T11 721-904 Sentence denotes As coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases were first identified in France at the end of January 2020 [3] we examined the relationship between ILI reports and reported cases of COVID-19.
T12 906-953 Sentence denotes Sentinelles reporting of influenza-like illness
T13 954-1051 Sentence denotes Cases of ILI and ARI are reported in real time by participating GPs (ca 600 GPs) all over France.
T14 1052-1195 Sentence denotes The case definition for ILI is fever of sudden onset (> 39 °C) with respiratory signs (cough, running nose) and myalgia in a person of any age.
T15 1196-1317 Sentence denotes Cases of ARI include any disease with respiratory signs and are only monitored in people older than 65 years, unlike ILI.
T16 1318-1453 Sentence denotes In addition, Sentinelles GPs take nasopharyngeal swabs in one ILI case and up to two ARI cases per week for viral characterisation [4].
T17 1454-1639 Sentence denotes Influenza virus (see Supplement), respiratory syncytial virus, human rhinovirus and human metapneumovirus are routinely looked for, and SARS-CoV-2 was added at the end of February 2020.
T18 1640-1774 Sentence denotes In the first week of testing, week 9 (the week starting 24 February 2020), none of 119 submitted swabs tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.
T19 1775-1952 Sentence denotes In week 10 of 2020 (the week starting 2 March 2020), 93 swabs were collected in ILI patients and 23 in ARI patients, and two swabs in each category were positive for SARS-CoV-2.
T20 1953-2105 Sentence denotes For ILI, one of the two positive ILI cases had been collected because the patient reported a direct link with an existing cluster in the east of France.
T21 2106-2272 Sentence denotes We computed the expected number of ILI consultations using the superposition of a seasonal [5] and an epidemic influenza component [6], as detailed in the Supplement.
T22 2273-2362 Sentence denotes Excess cases were computed as the difference between observed cases and expected numbers.
T23 2363-2561 Sentence denotes This modelling approach allowed computing excess cases in 11 of 13 regions but did not provide a good fit in the remaining two regions where a marked influenza peak was not present (see Supplement).
T24 2562-2731 Sentence denotes The overall ILI incidence showed renewed increase with 33 (95% credible interval (CrI): −8 to 64) consultations per 100,000 in excess during week 9 and with 84 (95% CrI:
T25 2732-2791 Sentence denotes 447 to 108) consultations per 100,000 in excess in week 10.
T26 2792-2907 Sentence denotes Four of the 11 regions displayed positive excess (CrI excluding 0) in week 9 and seven regions in week 10 (Figure).
T27 2908-3117 Sentence denotes Figure Number of consultations for influenza-like illness (per 100,000) in France and 11 French regions, with expected number of consultations fitted on the first eight weeks, week 1–10, 2020 (n = 11 regions)
T28 3118-3122 Sentence denotes ARA:
T29 3123-3149 Sentence denotes Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes; BRE:
T30 3150-3164 Sentence denotes Brittany; CVL:
T31 3165-3190 Sentence denotes Centre-Val de Loire; COR:
T32 3191-3204 Sentence denotes Corsica; GRE:
T33 3205-3220 Sentence denotes Grand-Est; HDF:
T34 3221-3242 Sentence denotes Hauts de France; IDF:
T35 3243-3291 Sentence denotes Ile de France; ILI: influenza-like illness; NAQ:
T36 3292-3316 Sentence denotes Nouvelle Aquitaine; OCC:
T37 3317-3333 Sentence denotes Occitanie; PACA:
T38 3334-3366 Sentence denotes Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur; PDL:
T39 3367-3384 Sentence denotes Pays de la Loire.
T40 3385-3487 Sentence denotes Blue: excess consultations, computed by difference between observations (squares) and expected counts.
T41 3488-3578 Sentence denotes Green: expected number of consultations fitted on the first eight weeks of 2020 (circles).
T42 3579-3667 Sentence denotes Confirmed COVID-19 case counts were obtained from the Santé Publique France website [7].
T43 3668-3811 Sentence denotes The number of excess cases correlated with the cumulated number of COVID-19 cases reported in the same regions (r = 0.59; p < 0.05) in week 10.
T44 3812-3992 Sentence denotes Assuming exponential growth (typical of early epidemics) from week 8 to 10, 2020, we found that the excess number of cases had an exponential growth rate per week of 0.69 (95% CrI:
T45 3993-4038 Sentence denotes 0.55–0.86) in Grand-Est (GRE), 0.67 (95% CrI:
T46 4039-4091 Sentence denotes 0.55 to 0.83) in Ile de France (IDF), 0.68 (95% CrI:
T47 4092-4146 Sentence denotes 0.56 to 0.83) in Hauts de France (HDF), 0.61 (95% CrI:
T48 4147-4238 Sentence denotes 0.48 to 0.75) in Occitanie (OCC) and 0.56 (95% CrI: −1.6 to 0.8) in France overall (Table).
T49 4239-4429 Sentence denotes Table Excess consultations per 100,000 by region and cumulative number of confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in the corresponding weeks, France, week 9–10, 2020 (n = 11 regions)
T50 4430-4534 Sentence denotes Region Consultations in excess/100,000) Confirmed COVID-19 cases (cumulative) Population(in millions)
T51 4535-4567 Sentence denotes Week 9 Week 10 Week 9 Week 10
T52 4568-4638 Sentence denotes Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes (ARA) 82 (17 to147) 115 (36 to 174) 28 146 8
T53 4639-4695 Sentence denotes Brittany (BRE) 9 (−32 to 44) 40 (−7 to 73) 5 59 3.3
T54 4696-4765 Sentence denotes Centre-Val de Loire (CVL) 72 (43 to 96) 117 (97 to 130) 0 17 2.6
T55 4766-4820 Sentence denotes Corsica (COR) 35 (32 to 37) 21 (20 to 23) 0 5 0.3
T56 4821-4885 Sentence denotes Grand-Est (GRE) −55 (−109 to −13) 107 (56 to 138) 5 259 5.5
T57 4886-4954 Sentence denotes Hauts de France (HDF) 51 (−3 to 94) 172 (111 to 208) 34 163 6.0
T58 4955-5022 Sentence denotes Ile de France (IDF) 40 (32 to 46) 107 (103 ti 110) 18 191 12.3
T59 5023-5092 Sentence denotes Nouvelle Aquitaine (NAQ) −3 (−110 to 32) −9 (−44 to 26) 4 28 6.0
T60 5093-5150 Sentence denotes Occitanie (OCC) 54 (30 to75) 99 (79 to 112) 4 37 5.9
T61 5151-5217 Sentence denotes Pays de la Loire (PDL) −25 (−70 to 5) 18 (−16 to 38) 4 25 3.5
T62 5218-5294 Sentence denotes Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur (PACA) 36 (−4 to 80) 94 (47 to 140) 8 52 5.0
T63 5295-5354 Sentence denotes France 33 (−8 to 64) 84 (44 to 108) 110 982 64.9a
T64 5355-5411 Sentence denotes a Total population of all 13 regions of mainland France.
T65 5412-5566 Sentence denotes For ARI, the two positive swabs had been collected in the regions Bourgogne-Franche Comté (BFC) and GRE, from a total of seven swabs in these two regions.
T66 5567-5598 Sentence denotes We estimated that 760 (95% CrI:
T67 5599-5783 Sentence denotes 219–1,706) ARI consultations in those older than 65 years in these two regions (BFC and GRE) could have been caused by COVID-19 during week 10 (2 in 7 for a total of 2,600 ARI visits).
T68 5784-5974 Sentence denotes We did not pursue modelling excess cases for ARI as the time series (shown in the Supplement) were too noisy to properly break down the data into an expected seasonal part plus excess cases.
T69 5976-5986 Sentence denotes Discussion
T70 5987-6225 Sentence denotes This is the first time that an increase in ILI cases was observed simultaneously in several regions after the peak of the annual influenza epidemic in the last 30 seasons of routine surveillance in France with the Sentinelles network [9].
T71 6226-6417 Sentence denotes Several processes may have contributed to this observation, including, among others, characteristics of the influenza season, change in population behaviour or increase in COVID-19 incidence.
T72 6418-6523 Sentence denotes Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B viruses co-circulated in 2019/20 in France [10] (see Supplement).
T73 6524-6639 Sentence denotes Seasons with type B virus circulation can lead to a slow decay in incidence but a renewed increase is atypical [1].
T74 6640-6748 Sentence denotes The 2-week-long normal school holidays started between mid-February and early March depending on the region.
T75 6749-6901 Sentence denotes While holidays may change the dynamics of influenza [9], this generally has an effect in the ascending phase of the epidemic rather than after the peak.
T76 6902-7084 Sentence denotes The COVID-19 pandemic may have changed the health-seeking behaviour of patients and, to some extent, the reporting of the contributing GPs although they conform to a case definition.
T77 7085-7194 Sentence denotes In the crowdsourced surveillance system grippenet.fr [10], there was no evidence of increasing consultations:
T78 7195-7274 Sentence denotes 30% consulted with a GP in for ILI during week 10, compared with 38% in week 9.
T79 7275-7446 Sentence denotes As information regarding the coronavirus risk is widespread, a uniform increase in all regions could have been expected in this scenario rather than only in a few regions.
T80 7447-7567 Sentence denotes We however acknowledge that increased consultation rates in regions where COVID-19 is the most reported may be possible.
T81 7568-7694 Sentence denotes The similarity between COVID-19 and influenza symptoms makes it possible that the excess ILI cases were due to COVID-19 cases.
T82 7695-7779 Sentence denotes The presence of SARS-CoV-2-positive swabs in the patients supports this possibility.
T83 7780-7896 Sentence denotes The correlation between the number of confirmed cases and the computed excess is also consistent with this scenario.
T84 7897-8012 Sentence denotes In this case, the excess in cases is compatible with an exponential growth at an estimated rate of ca 0.7 per week.
T85 8013-8114 Sentence denotes Interestingly, this estimate was very similar in the four most affected regions (GRE, IDF, OCC, HDF).
T86 8115-8209 Sentence denotes It may prove useful to help calibrate models for studying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
T87 8210-8364 Sentence denotes Estimating the true number of COVID-19 cases can only be tentative at this early stage of the epidemic with data from a non-dedicated surveillance system.
T88 8365-8456 Sentence denotes It is likely that the case definition of ILI does not allow identifying all COVID-19 cases.
T89 8457-8550 Sentence denotes In addition, only a few cases were virologically tested, adding uncertainty in the estimates.
T90 8551-8759 Sentence denotes Yet, the rate of excess ILI consultations applied to the French regions yielded a number of cases far in excess of confirmed cases, with 12,840 cases in IDF and around 10,000 cases in the regions GRE and HDF.
T91 8760-9013 Sentence denotes Likewise, the extrapolated number of COVID-19 presenting as ARI was 760 in those older than 65 years in the two eastern regions (GRE and BFC): this was already twice the number of reported cases in these regions at the time (n = 379), all ages combined.
T92 9014-9188 Sentence denotes As we enter a period of generalised circulation of SARS-CoV-2, surveillance based on clinical description and swabbing by GPs will prove essential in assessing the situation.