LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7156903 / 11548-19600 JSONTXT 14 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T81 0-25 Sentence denotes Chest computed tomography
T82 26-263 Sentence denotes Computed tomography (CT) imaging is strongly recommended because it is very sensitive to detecting early disease, assessing the nature and extent of lesions, and discovering subtle changes that are often not visible on chest radiography.
T83 264-421 Sentence denotes The imaging features of lesions are always described with the following factors: distribution, quantity, shape, pattern, density, and concomitant signs [19].
T84 422-691 Sentence denotes The typical chest CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 include multiple, peripheral, bilateral, patchy, sub-segmental, or segmental ground glass opacities and areas of consolidation, which are mostly distributed along the bronchovascular bundles and subpleural space.
T85 692-822 Sentence denotes The presence of associated interlobular septal thickening in the areas of ground glass opacity can give a crazy paving appearance.
T86 823-920 Sentence denotes Air bronchograms with the areas of consolidation and bronchial wall thickening are often present.
T87 921-1040 Sentence denotes More rarely, there is a thickening of the adjacent pleura or interlobar pleura, and a small amount of pleural effusion.
T88 1041-1096 Sentence denotes There is no obvious lymphadenopathy [15] (Tables 2, 3).
T89 1097-1389 Sentence denotes The imaging features mentioned above are consistent with the findings from 81 patients in a recently reported article, in which the predominant pattern of abnormality observed was bilateral, peripheral, ill-defined, and ground glass opacification, mainly involving the right lower lobes [20].
T90 1390-1630 Sentence denotes Furthermore, in the currently available reports, the most common chest CT findings in COVID-19 patients are the peripheral areas of ground glass opacity/consolidation (without subpleural sparing) which are bilateral in distribution [21–23].
T91 1631-1763 Sentence denotes In one study, of 21 patients, most had more than two lobes affected (15 of 21, 71%) with bilateral involvement (16 of 21, 76%) [24].
T92 1764-2102 Sentence denotes Another study showed that the most common patterns of COVID-19 on thin-section CT images are pure ground glass opacity, ground glass opacity with intra- and/or interlobular septal thickening, and ground glass opacity with consolidation and consolidation, with prominent distribution in the posterior and peripheral part of the lungs [25].
T93 2103-2257 Sentence denotes In a large research cohort study, chest CT findings showed a bilateral distribution of patchy ground glass opacity and consolidation in 138 patients [26].
T94 2258-2335 Sentence denotes Typical chest radiograph and chest CT of COVID-19 are shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
T95 2336-2390 Sentence denotes Table 2 The typical features on CT imaging of COVID-19
T96 2391-2444 Sentence denotes Parameter Characteristic manifestations on CT imaging
T97 2445-2532 Sentence denotes Density Ground glass opacity and consolidation, possible interlobular septal thickening
T98 2533-2574 Sentence denotes Shape Patchy, sub-segmental, or segmental
T99 2575-2668 Sentence denotes Distribution Mid and lower lungs along the bronchovascular bundles with bilateral involvement
T100 2669-2732 Sentence denotes Location Peripheral and subpleural areas of the lung parenchyma
T101 2733-2841 Sentence denotes Concomitant signs (variable) Air bronchogram, a small amount of pleural effusion, no obvious lymphadenopathy
T102 2842-2892 Sentence denotes Table 3 Frequency of chest CT findings in COVID-19
T103 2893-2917 Sentence denotes CT signs Frequency Stage
T104 2918-2949 Sentence denotes Ground glass opacity ++++ E/A/S
T105 2950-2997 Sentence denotes Consolidation without ground glass opacity ++ S
T106 2998-3044 Sentence denotes Ground glass opacity and crazy paving ++ E/A/S
T107 3045-3094 Sentence denotes Ground glass opacity with consolidation +++ E/A/S
T108 3095-3128 Sentence denotes Patchy ground glass opacity +++ E
T109 3129-3164 Sentence denotes Bilateral distribution ++++ E/A/S/D
T110 3165-3194 Sentence denotes Peripheral distribution +++ E
T111 3195-3219 Sentence denotes Air bronchogram ++ E/A/S
T112 3220-3240 Sentence denotes Pleural effusion + S
T113 3241-3263 Sentence denotes Strip-like opacity + D
T114 3264-3438 Sentence denotes The appearance frequency of each CT characteristic is described in order from low to high as (+~++++); E, A, S, and D stand for stage early, advanced, severe, and dissipation
T115 3439-3570 Sentence denotes Fig. 2 Chest radiograph (a) in a 61-year-old man shows bilateral patchy, somewhat nodular opacities in the mid to lower lungs [16].
T116 3571-3727 Sentence denotes Unenhanced computed tomography (CT) images (b) in a 33-year-old woman., Images show multiple ground glass opacities in the periphery of the bilateral lungs.
T117 3728-3890 Sentence denotes The bilateral, peripheral patterns of opacities without subpleural sparing are common and characteristic CT findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia [22].
T118 3891-4137 Sentence denotes Chest CT image of a 71-year-old male (c) shows consolidation in the peripheral right upper lobe and a patchy area of ground glass opacity with some associated consolidation intra- and interlobular septal thickening within the left upper lobe [25]
T119 4138-4177 Sentence denotes Fig. 3 Typical CT findings of COVID-19.
T120 4178-4341 Sentence denotes Chest CT (a) in a 75-year-old male show multiple patchy areas of pure ground glass opacity (GGO) and GGO with reticular and/or interlobular septal thickening [25].
T121 4342-4502 Sentence denotes Chest CT image of a 38-year-old male (b) shows multiple patches, grid-like lobule, and thickening of interlobular septa, typical “paving stone-like” signs [19].
T122 4503-4658 Sentence denotes An axial CT image obtained in 65-year-old female (c) shows bilateral ground glass and consolidative opacities with a striking peripheral distribution [23].
T123 4659-4855 Sentence denotes CT image of a 65-year-old male (d) shows large consolidation in the right middle lobe, patchy consolidation in the posterior and basal segment of right lower lobe, with air bronchogram inside [19]
T124 4856-5082 Sentence denotes In “Expert Recommendations from the Chinese Medical Association Radiology Branch,” chest CT manifestations of COVID-19 are divided into three stages: early, advanced, and severe, based on the extent of lesion involvement [15].
T125 5083-5285 Sentence denotes This current clinical guideline recommends dividing COVID-19 into four stages according to the time of onset and the response of body to the virus with additional dissipation stage (Fig. 4).Early stage:
T126 5286-5459 Sentence denotes Chest CT shows single or multiple scattered patchy or conglomerate ground glass opacities, predominantly in the middle and lower lungs and along the bronchovascular bundles.
T127 5460-5552 Sentence denotes These ground glass lesions are often located in peripheral and subpleural areas of the lung.
T128 5553-5682 Sentence denotes Intra- and interlobular septal thickening sometimes present in the areas of ground glass opacity can give a crazy paving pattern.
T129 5683-5869 Sentence denotes The pathological process during this stage is dilatation and congestion of the alveolar septal capillary, exudation of fluid in alveolar cavity, and interlobular interstitial edema [19].
T130 5870-6182 Sentence denotes One patient had normal chest CT at initial presentation; however, 3 days later the disease progressed and developed a solitary rounded ground glass lesion in the right lower lobe, indicating this pattern may represent the very first radiologically visible manifestation in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 [24].
T131 6183-6198 Sentence denotes Advanced stage:
T132 6199-6302 Sentence denotes At this stage, chest CTs will show new lesions that are similar to the earlier lesions described above.
T133 6303-6430 Sentence denotes In addition, findings from the early stage of disease increase in density and extent, coexisting with the new areas of disease.
T134 6431-6528 Sentence denotes As areas of consolidation grow, air bronchograms are often present in the areas of consolidation.
T135 6529-6688 Sentence denotes A previous case report described a patient who had evolved into a mixed pattern of ground glass opacities and consolidation by 15 after onset of symptoms [27].
T136 6689-6851 Sentence denotes The pathological features in this stage are the accumulation of a cell-rich exudate in the alveolar cavity, vascular expansion, and exudation in the interstitium.
T137 6852-6957 Sentence denotes The fibrous exudation connects each alveolus through the interalveolar space to form a fusion state [19].
T138 6958-6971 Sentence denotes Severe stage:
T139 6972-7176 Sentence denotes As the disease further progresses, chest CT shows diffuse consolidation of the lungs of varying density secondary to the fibrous exudate into the alveolar cavity, air bronchograms, and bronchial dilation.
T140 7177-7250 Sentence denotes Non-consolidated areas of the lung appear as patchy ground glass opacity.
T141 7251-7405 Sentence denotes When most of the lungs are involved, the lungs appear as a “whited out lung.” The pleura is thickened and there can be a small amount of pleural effusion.
T142 7406-7424 Sentence denotes Dissipation stage:
T143 7425-7581 Sentence denotes Images show gradual resolution of the ground glass opacity and consolidation in the lungs with some residual curvilinear opacities compatible with fibrosis.
T144 7582-7638 Sentence denotes Fig. 4 CT manifestations of different stages of COVID-19
T145 7639-7807 Sentence denotes After isolation and treatment, a majority of patients infected by COVID-19 stabilize and gradually recover and on imaging the areas of disease decrease correspondingly.
T146 7808-8052 Sentence denotes However, in a small number of patients with underlying disease or advanced age, the disease progresses during the treatment with the scope of the lesions in the lungs expanding and increasing density, eventually appearing as “whited out lungs.”