Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T629 |
0-24 |
Sentence |
denotes |
3.1.1 Sample filtration |
T630 |
25-149 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Generally, sample filtration relies on the principle of size discrepancy between the target pathogen and background species. |
T631 |
150-271 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Membranes, fibers, and channels have been used in size-selective sample filtration processes for biosensing applications. |
T632 |
272-435 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Biorecognition elements are commonly used to assist the separation process when the target species exhibits similar properties to background species or the matrix. |
T633 |
436-622 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For example, biorecognition elements that exhibit affinity to a broad group of pathogens, such as lectins, have been used in pre-concentration steps for pathogen detection (Zourob et al. |
T634 |
623-629 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2008). |
T635 |
630-872 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Bacteria typically exhibit a net negative charge at physiological pH (7.4) because of an abundance of lipopolysaccharides or teichoic acids on the cell membrane (Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively) (Silhavy et al. |
T636 |
873-879 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2010). |
T637 |
880-1027 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This physical property of cell-based pathogens is leveraged in biofiltration processes, for example, using electropositive filters (Altintas et al. |
T638 |
1028-1034 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2015). |
T639 |
1035-1238 |
Sentence |
denotes |
While the majority of the aforementioned separation processes involve manual handling steps, sample filtration processes are now being integrated with microfluidic-based biosensing platforms (Song et al. |
T640 |
1239-1245 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2013). |
T641 |
1246-1444 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For example, Chand and Neethirajan incorporated an integrated sample filtration technique using silica microbeads for the detection of norovirus in spiked blood samples (Chand and Neethirajan 2017). |