LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7152911 / 127114-131265 JSONTXT 10 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1020 0-74 Sentence denotes 5.1 Emerging electrode materials, fabrication processes, and form factors
T1021 75-188 Sentence denotes The ability to create robust, low-cost biosensors for pathogen detection is a significant challenge in the field.
T1022 189-276 Sentence denotes One of the primary methods of reducing cost is decreasing the material cost per device.
T1023 277-381 Sentence denotes Carbon-based electrodes (e.g., graphite, graphene, CNTs), such as those shown in Fig. 7 a (Afonso et al.
T1024 382-407 Sentence denotes 2016) and 7b (Wang et al.
T1025 408-524 Sentence denotes 2013), are now being examined as potential alternatives to relatively more expensive metallic or ceramic electrodes.
T1026 525-647 Sentence denotes Many of these carbon-based materials are also nanoscale in structure, and thus offer advantages regarding nanostructuring.
T1027 648-783 Sentence denotes Similarly, polymer-based electrodes have also been examined as low-cost alternatives to metal electrodes as described in Section 2.1.3.
T1028 784-953 Sentence denotes For example, Afonso et al. used a home craft cutter printer as a highly accessible means of fabricating high quantities of disposable carbon-based sensors (Afonso et al.
T1029 954-960 Sentence denotes 2016).
T1030 961-1124 Sentence denotes Fig. 7 State-of-the-art developments in electrochemical biosensors for pathogens. a) Low-cost, flexible, disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes (Afonso et al.
T1031 1125-1181 Sentence denotes 2016). b) Free-standing graphene electrodes (Wang et al.
T1032 1182-1284 Sentence denotes 2013). c) Paper-based substrates for pathogen detection using electrochemical methods (Bhardwaj et al.
T1033 1285-1365 Sentence denotes 2017). d) Wearable wireless bacterial biosensor for tooth enamel (Mannoor et al.
T1034 1366-1467 Sentence denotes 2012). e) Smartphone-enabled signal processing for field-based environmental monitoring (Jiang et al.
T1035 1468-1474 Sentence denotes 2014).
T1036 1475-1608 Sentence denotes In addition to reducing the material cost per device, efforts to reduce the manufacturing cost of biosensors have also been examined.
T1037 1609-1689 Sentence denotes 3D printing processes have emerged as popular methods for biosensor fabrication.
T1038 1690-1765 Sentence denotes For example, 3D printing is compatible with flexible and curved substrates.
T1039 1766-1949 Sentence denotes 3D printing has also been used for the fabrication of various components of electrochemical biosensors, such as electrodes, substrates, fluid handling components, or device packaging.
T1040 1950-2080 Sentence denotes In particular, 3D printing has emerged as a useful fabrication platform for microfluidic-based analytical platforms (Waheed et al.
T1041 2081-2087 Sentence denotes 2016).
T1042 2088-2201 Sentence denotes For example, to date, 3D printing has enabled the fabrication of electrode-integrated microfluidics (Erkal et al.
T1043 2202-2271 Sentence denotes 2014), 3D microfluidics, organ-conforming microfluidics (Singh et al.
T1044 2272-2336 Sentence denotes 2017a), and transducer-integrated microfluidics (Cesewski et al.
T1045 2337-2343 Sentence denotes 2018).
T1046 2344-2507 Sentence denotes Thus, 3D printing may serve as an important fabrication platform for the creation of wearable microfluidic-based electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection.
T1047 2508-2676 Sentence denotes The ability to quantify the level of pathogens on the surfaces of objects (e.g., skin, food, and medical equipment) remains a present challenge in the biosensing field.
T1048 2677-2795 Sentence denotes Wearable biomedical devices have emerged as promising tools for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics and health monitoring.
T1049 2796-2897 Sentence denotes The application constraints of wearable devices require them to be lightweight and simple to operate.
T1050 2898-3108 Sentence denotes Wearable devices can provide continuous monitoring of body fluids, such as blood and sweat, allowing patients to obtain real-time bioanalytical information without the inconvenience of facility-based screening.
T1051 3109-3280 Sentence denotes To date, biosensors have been incorporated into a variety of wearable devices, including contact lenses, clothing, bandages, rings, and tattoos (Bandodkar and Wang, 2014).
T1052 3281-3384 Sentence denotes This is a rapidly emerging area linked to smartphone technology for biosensor actuation and monitoring.
T1053 3385-3570 Sentence denotes The rise of flexible electronics has also contributed to the success of incorporating electrochemical biosensors into flexible textiles, which has enhanced their wearability (Rim et al.
T1054 3571-3577 Sentence denotes 2016).
T1055 3578-3779 Sentence denotes Although most wearable electrochemical biosensors are used to detect small molecules, such as lactate, glucose, or electrolytes, there is increasing interest in their application to pathogen detection.
T1056 3780-3935 Sentence denotes Challenges include biocompatibility (e.g., reduction of skin irritation), device power consumption, and biosensor-tissue mechanical and geometric matching.
T1057 3936-4143 Sentence denotes Because of the small sample size of body fluid secretions and the need to transport the sample to the electrode surface, microfluidic formats are now emerging for wearable bioanalytical systems (Singh et al.
T1058 4144-4151 Sentence denotes 2017a).