LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7152911 / 107913-111958 JSONTXT 9 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T885 0-33 Sentence denotes 3.4 Secondary binding approaches
T886 34-142 Sentence denotes Electrochemical biosensors would ideally produce sensitive and selective results using label-free protocols.
T887 143-343 Sentence denotes However, secondary binding reactions are sometimes required to facilitate the robust detection of pathogens that lack initial labels depending on the biosensor characteristics and measurement demands.
T888 344-467 Sentence denotes Secondary binding steps can facilitate target labeling, biosensor signal amplification, and verification of target binding.
T889 468-640 Sentence denotes Secondary binding steps provide useful in situ controls and can increase sensitivity, LOD, dynamic range, and measurement confidence (e.g., verification of target binding).
T890 641-768 Sentence denotes Secondary binding steps also provide opportunities for acquiring additional bioanalytical information about the target species.
T891 769-931 Sentence denotes Here, we classify assays that use secondary binding steps as labeled approaches in Table 1, Table 2 regardless of if the primary binding step produced a response.
T892 932-1088 Sentence denotes There is, however, a more subtle distinction if binding of the secondary species is used for amplification or verification purposes as previously discussed.
T893 1089-1169 Sentence denotes Labels often include a biorecognition element-enzyme or -nanoparticle conjugate.
T894 1170-1388 Sentence denotes In electrochemical biosensing applications, such labels often serve the purpose of altering the material properties or transport processes of the electrode-electrolyte interface, often by inducing a secondary reaction.
T895 1389-1550 Sentence denotes Secondary binding of optically-active nanomaterials to captured targets can also enable the use of optical transducers for simultaneous detection or bioanalysis.
T896 1551-1653 Sentence denotes Enzymes are among the most commonly used secondary binding species for label-based pathogen detection.
T897 1654-1795 Sentence denotes As shown in Table 2, electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection that employ enzymes are commonly performed as a sandwich assay format.
T898 1796-1948 Sentence denotes A schematic of secondary binding steps for biosensor amplification based on the binding of HRP-antibody conjugates is shown in Fig. 6 a (Kokkinos et al.
T899 1949-1955 Sentence denotes 2016).
T900 1956-2137 Sentence denotes Hong et al. used HRP-labeled secondary antibodies to amplify the CV and EIS responses of a concanavalin A-functionalized nanostructured Au electrode to detect norovirus (Hong et al.
T901 2138-2144 Sentence denotes 2015).
T902 2145-2394 Sentence denotes Gayathri et al. used an HRP-antibody conjugate to induce an enzyme-assisted reduction reaction with an immobilized thionine-antibody receptor in an H2O2 system for detection of E. coli down to 50 CFU/mL using a sandwich assay format (Gayathri et al.
T903 2395-2401 Sentence denotes 2016).
T904 2402-2683 Sentence denotes Xu et al. used glucose oxidase and monoclonal anti-S. typhimurium to functionalize magnetic bead labels for separation and detection of S. typhimurium on an Au IDAM using EIS and glucose to catalyze the reaction that exhibited a linear working range of 102 to 106 CFU/mL (Xu et al.
T905 2684-2691 Sentence denotes 2016b).
T906 2692-3269 Sentence denotes Fig. 6 Highlight of secondary binding and signal amplification approaches utilized in electrochemical biosensor-based pathogen detection. a) Four amplification approaches associated with the secondary binding of enzyme-labeled secondary antibodies: (A) electron transfer mediation; (B) nanostructuring of surface for increased rate of charge transfer kinetics; (C) conversion of electrochemically inactive substrate into a detectable electroactive product; (D) catalysis of oxidation of glucose for production of hydrogen peroxide for electrochemical detection (Kokkinos et al.
T907 3270-3383 Sentence denotes 2016). b) Signal amplification via non-selective binding of AuNPs to bound bacterial target (E. coli) (Wan et al.
T908 3384-3390 Sentence denotes 2016).
T909 3391-3492 Sentence denotes In addition to enzymes, secondary binding of nanoparticles has also been used for pathogen detection.
T910 3493-3666 Sentence denotes As shown in Fig. 6b, Wan et al. utilized non-functionalized AuNPs to amplify the EIS response of an antibody-immobilized planar Au electrode to E. coli detection (Wan et al.
T911 3667-3673 Sentence denotes 2016).
T912 3674-3766 Sentence denotes A detailed overview of studies that employ enzymes and nanoparticles is provided in Table 2.
T913 3767-4045 Sentence denotes We remind the reader that while secondary binding steps are useful techniques, assays that avoid secondary binding steps have advantages for bioprocess monitoring and control applications, as they avoid the addition of reagents to a process that may compromise product quality).