LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7143804 / 45442-48862 JSONTXT 11 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE Lectin_function

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T355 0-2 Sentence denotes 5.
T356 3-10 Sentence denotes Outlook
T357 11-267 Sentence denotes Future steps, which will result in a device for early-stage detection of, for example, zoonoses, include studies on the optimization of this device for sequence specific DNA amplifications (e.g., primer design and reaction optimization), i.e., HDA or LAMP.
T358 268-402 Sentence denotes HDA utilizes DNA helicase (an enzyme also used in vitro during DNA replication) to separate the dsDNA instead of thermal denaturation.
T359 403-641 Sentence denotes After separation, ssDNA binding proteins hybridize on the ssDNA strands for stabilization, ensuring that the next primer will have time to bind to the ssDNA stripe and a DNA polymerase will extend the primers with the complementary bases.
T360 642-811 Sentence denotes This method is a truly isothermal technique in which the separation of the dsDNA can be performed at the same temperature as the amplification reaction, i.e., 64 °C [9].
T361 812-891 Sentence denotes LAMP is more similar to MDA in the way it also uses heat to denature the dsDNA.
T362 892-1076 Sentence denotes After denaturation, a set of four primers (six can be used as well to achieve better selectivity) and a DNA polymerase is used at isothermal conditions (65 °C) to amplify the DNA [11].
T363 1077-1286 Sentence denotes When used in combination with reverse transcriptase, LAMP becomes a RNA amplification method, which could be used for RNA-containing viruses [11], like virus-based zoonoses diseases as the corona viruses [22].
T364 1287-1405 Sentence denotes Despite not being a truly isothermal technique, LAMP offers the possibility to use turbidity as detection method [76].
T365 1406-1565 Sentence denotes Such a detection method would simplify the required equipment even further as a decrease in transmitted light through the chip can be used as detection method.
T366 1566-1632 Sentence denotes Different amplification techniques require different temperatures.
T367 1633-1757 Sentence denotes Based on Table 1 one can conclude that a higher temperature would also give a larger temperature gradient within the system.
T368 1758-1889 Sentence denotes This can be disadvantageous for amplification reactions, as optimal denaturation temperatures are in the range 92 °C to 94 °C [77].
T369 1890-2005 Sentence denotes The denaturation in this research was done in a separate water bath, so this temperature gradient was circumvented.
T370 2006-2214 Sentence denotes However, when on-chip denaturation and/or another amplification technique will be used, a second step will be the optimization of the heater in order to create better temperature uniformity within the system.
T371 2215-2312 Sentence denotes This can be done by using different heater geometries [26,37] or using double-sided heating [28].
T372 2313-2400 Sentence denotes The third step that has to be optimized in the sample collection and work-up procedure.
T373 2401-2582 Sentence denotes One has to think of what kind of samples to collect in order to have the biggest chance of having the agent of the disease present in that sample (i.e., blood, mucus, saliva, etc.).
T374 2583-2650 Sentence denotes Such crude samples contain full cells, with the DNA present within.
T375 2651-2737 Sentence denotes There are different approaches to perform cell lysis in order to extract the DNA [78].
T376 2738-2872 Sentence denotes Various components of bodily fluids, and reagents and products of the lysis are well-known to inhibit the amplification reaction [79].
T377 2873-2944 Sentence denotes However, MDA [80] and HDA [9] could also be performed on crude samples.
T378 2945-3078 Sentence denotes A fourth step in the near-future is the development of a first prototype with all hardware integrated in a single piece of equipment.
T379 3079-3319 Sentence denotes Such a device in its pure essence will consist of a battery to power the heater and detection, a chip holder to firmly keep the chip in its place, a thermocouple for real-time monitoring of the temperature, and a LED light and a photodiode.
T380 3320-3420 Sentence denotes The lamp and photodiode could both be used for fluorescence measurements and turbidity measurements.