Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T138 |
0-46 |
Sentence |
denotes |
4 Lessons learned from the 2003 SARS pandemic |
T139 |
47-195 |
Sentence |
denotes |
SARS was the very first coronavirus pandemic with the ability to spread from people to people mainly by droplets, but it would not be the last [49]. |
T140 |
196-257 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This section presents lessons learned from the SARS pandemic. |
T141 |
258-462 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Although the SARS-CoV rapidly spread throughout the world and caused great damages to human health, the global success in the fight against SARS ultimately demonstrated that containment was possible [50]. |
T142 |
464-494 |
Sentence |
denotes |
4.1 Animal source containment |
T143 |
495-599 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Early on, there were clues suggesting the link between SARS-CoV and civets, bred for food in China [51]. |
T144 |
600-749 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Strengthening the monitoring of these wild animal sources was an important factor in controlling emergence of these virus and their spread in humans. |
T145 |
750-862 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Some scholars advocated that the trading of wild animals in wet markets in Southern China should be banned [52]. |
T146 |
863-1019 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In fact, the Chinese government had issued bans on rearing, trading, transporting and slaughtering wild animals for dietary purposes over 10 years ago [53]. |
T147 |
1020-1095 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This however, did not stop the practice of illegal trading of wild animals. |
T148 |
1097-1131 |
Sentence |
denotes |
4.2 Early detection and diagnosis |
T149 |
1132-1280 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The nonspecific symptoms and signs of SARS and the long incubation period accentuated the transmission to HCWs and people in close communities [54]. |
T150 |
1281-1368 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Early identification of suspect cases is the key to inhibiting the spread of the virus. |
T151 |
1369-1530 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Rapid identification of the viral genome and the development of rapid diagnostic tests will facilitate the isolation of those who are confirmed as infected [50]. |
T152 |
1532-1563 |
Sentence |
denotes |
4.3 Rigorous infection control |
T153 |
1564-1681 |
Sentence |
denotes |
a) Environmental hygiene in medical sectors and personal hygiene of health care workers should be maintained [55,56]. |
T154 |
1682-1810 |
Sentence |
denotes |
b) Contact tracing, strict isolation of actively ill patients and quarantine of close contacts should be implemented early [54]. |
T155 |
1811-1900 |
Sentence |
denotes |
c) Training in the use of personal protective equipment protects the safety of HCWs [57]. |
T156 |
1901-2029 |
Sentence |
denotes |
d) Establishing fever clinics, setting up designated hospital wards and SARS hospitals reduced human-to-human transmission [58]. |
T157 |
2030-2146 |
Sentence |
denotes |
e) Education of the public on communicable diseases and what measures to take on a personal basis to prevent spread. |
T158 |
2148-2207 |
Sentence |
denotes |
4.4 Timely case report and rapid information dissemination |
T159 |
2208-2332 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A number of studies have shown that clear and timely dissemination of information is essential in handling an outbreak [54]. |
T160 |
2333-2395 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Infection control is based on rapid information dissemination. |
T161 |
2396-2608 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Since SARS in 2003, China has implemented legislation on the surveillance, reporting and early warning system of infectious diseases, requiring the regular release of information during public health emergencies. |
T162 |
2609-2779 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There is a clearly defined procedure and schedule for reporting public health emergencies which requires designated medical centers to submit relevant information online. |
T163 |
2780-2922 |
Sentence |
denotes |
If confirmed, reports on SARS and other infectious diseases can be submitted and received directly within two hours through the Internet [53]. |
T164 |
2924-2948 |
Sentence |
denotes |
4.5 Vaccine development |
T165 |
2949-3056 |
Sentence |
denotes |
After SARS, development of a vaccine appeared to be the best approach to prevent future SARS-CoV epidemics. |
T166 |
3057-3120 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, there were many obstacles in SARS vaccine development. |
T167 |
3121-3225 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Firstly, researchers did not have a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV. |
T168 |
3226-3344 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Secondly, animal models of SARS-CoV infection could not simulate human disease because of an incongruent pathogenesis. |
T169 |
3345-3448 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thirdly, in order to test the efficacy, many people must be tested in areas where the virus is endemic. |
T170 |
3449-3515 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Once the SARS epidemic ended, human trials were not possible [59]. |
T171 |
3516-3673 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Although several candidate vaccines against SARS-CoV have been produced and tested, at present, unfortunately, there is no FDA approved vaccine against SARS. |