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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-94 Sentence denotes Herbal medicine and pattern identification for treating COVID-19: a rapid review of guidelines
T2 96-104 Sentence denotes Abstract
T3 105-115 Sentence denotes Background
T4 116-212 Sentence denotes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is pandemic and has caused illness to many people worldwide.
T5 213-401 Sentence denotes This review aimed to summarize and analyze the herbal formulae provided by the guidelines for their pattern identifications (PIs) and compositions of herbs to treat patients with COVID-19.
T6 403-410 Sentence denotes Methods
T7 411-604 Sentence denotes We searched 7 data sources for eligible traditional medicine guidelines up to March 6, 2020 and found a total of 28 traditional medicine guidelines that provide treatment measures for COVID-19.
T8 606-613 Sentence denotes Results
T9 614-711 Sentence denotes Of the 28 guidelines, there were 26 government-issued Chinese guidelines and 2 Korean guidelines.
T10 712-1027 Sentence denotes After standardizing the terminology of the PIs and herbal formulae, there were 8 PIs and 23 herbal formulae for the mild stage, 11 PIs and 31 herbal formulae for the moderate stage, 8 PIs and 21 herbal formulae for the severe stage, and 6 PIs and 23 herbal formulae for the recovery stage in the Chinese guidelines.
T11 1028-1219 Sentence denotes In the Korean guidelines, there were 4 PIs and 15 herbal formulae for the mild stage, 3 PIs and 3 herbal formulae for the severe stage, and 2 PIs and 2 herbal formulae for the recovery stage.
T12 1220-1434 Sentence denotes In the frequency analysis of herbs, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Ephedrae Herba, and Gypsum Fibrosum were found to be the herbs with the high frequency of usage in the Chinese guidelines.
T13 1436-1446 Sentence denotes Conclusion
T14 1447-1534 Sentence denotes This review can be used as guidance for the traditional medicine treatment of COVID-19.
T15 1535-1626 Sentence denotes Clinical evidence is needed in the future to evaluate the efficacy of traditional medicine.
T16 1628-1643 Sentence denotes 1 Introduction
T17 1644-2094 Sentence denotes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly identified strain of coronavirus that causes illness ranging from effects similar to the common cold to fatal diseases in people across the world.1 This disease was first identified in early December 2019, and by the middle of March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) assessed COVID-19 as a pandemic.2 As of March 2020, there have been more than 178,700 confirmed cases in at least 140 countries.
T18 2095-2198 Sentence denotes The majority of cases were reported in mainland China, followed by Italy, Iran, Spain and South Korea.3
T19 2199-2277 Sentence denotes The common symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, and shortness of breath.
T20 2278-2464 Sentence denotes In severe cases, pneumonia may occur and ultimately lead to organ failure and even death.4 Currently, there are no available vaccines or specific medicines for the treatment of COVID-19.
T21 2465-2850 Sentence denotes In light of the outbreak, various treatment modalities have been considered, including traditional medicine, which has been widely used during the past epidemic outbreaks, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and H1N1 influenza.5 To date, 2 countries, China and South Korea, have issued traditional medicine treatment guidelines on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
T22 2851-3037 Sentence denotes Up to March 2020, there have been 7 versions of diagnosis and treatment guidelines issued by the National Health Commission of China6 and 2 versions of guidelines issued in South Korea.7
T23 3038-3337 Sentence denotes A recent systematic review suggested that “Based on historical records and evidence of SARS and H1NI influenza prevention, Chinese herbal formula could be an alternative approach for the prevention of COVID-19 in high-risk populations”5 and it focused on prevention method but not treatment methods.
T24 3338-3522 Sentence denotes Therefore, we aimed to systematically analyze the herbal formulae in the guidelines for pattern identifications and herbal compositions recommended for treating patients with COVID-19.
T25 3524-3534 Sentence denotes 2 Methods
T26 3536-3553 Sentence denotes 2.1 Data sources
T27 3554-3790 Sentence denotes The following data sources were searched on February 25, 2020 for eligible traditional medicine guidelines and searched up to March 6 to retrieve the updated version of the guidelines provided:• Guidelines International Network (G-I-N)8
T28 3791-3861 Sentence denotes • “Chinese guidelines on Novel Coronavirus” resources9 by Evidence Aid
T29 3862-3979 Sentence denotes • The official government websites of all 31 provinces in mainland China (including municipal and autonomous regions)
T30 3980-4063 Sentence denotes • The Centre for Health Protection of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region10
T31 4064-4153 Sentence denotes • Association of Korean Medicine and Korean Association of Traditional Pulmonary Medicine
T32 4154-4235 Sentence denotes • Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases and Japanese Respiratory Society11
T33 4236-4274 Sentence denotes • Taiwan Centers for Disease Control12
T34 4276-4313 Sentence denotes 2.2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria
T35 4314-4418 Sentence denotes This study focused on the recommended treatment modalities related to traditional medicine for COVID-19.
T36 4419-4557 Sentence denotes All guidelines that provide traditional medicine treatment measures were included regardless of language, and publication types and years.
T37 4558-4648 Sentence denotes Guidelines that only provide preventive measures without treatment measures were excluded.
T38 4649-4769 Sentence denotes Herbal formulae related to folk medicine were excluded only and other herbal formulae in these guidelines were included.
T39 4770-5012 Sentence denotes As the guidelines were outlined based on regional characteristics, regional folk medicines, such as Tibetan medicine in Tibet, Mongolian medicine in Inner Mongolia, and Miao medicine in Guizhou province, were integrated into their guidelines.
T40 5014-5047 Sentence denotes 2.3 Data extraction and analyses
T41 5048-5142 Sentence denotes The data from each included guideline were extracted using a predefined data extraction table.
T42 5143-5396 Sentence denotes The content of the data extraction tables comprised the stages of the disease, pattern identification, clinical symptoms, therapeutic principle, name and composition of herbal formulae, amount of herbs, and country or province of the provided guideline.
T43 5397-5545 Sentence denotes The pattern identification and herbal formulae were analyzed according to the severity of the disease (mild, moderate, severe and recovered stages).
T44 5546-5661 Sentence denotes The frequency of herbs recommended in the herbal formulae for each stage of disease was also computed and analyzed.
T45 5663-5695 Sentence denotes 2.4 Terminology standardization
T46 5696-6268 Sentence denotes The terminology of pattern identification were standardized based on the clinical manifestation provided in the guidelines and Clinic Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medical Diagnosis and Treatment-Syndromes.13 The herbal formulae with missing names were also renamed by comparing the compositions of these herbal formulae with other named herbal formulae and double-checked them with the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula.14 All the terminologies were also standardized based on the WHO international standard terminologies for traditional medicine.15
T47 6270-6280 Sentence denotes 3 Results
T48 6281-6383 Sentence denotes A total of 28 traditional medicine guidelines that provide treatment measures for COVID-19 were found.
T49 6384-6530 Sentence denotes Of the 28 guidelines, there were 26 government-issued Chinese guidelines and 2 Korean medicine-professional associations-issued Korean guidelines.
T50 6531-6743 Sentence denotes The Japanese government did not officially issue any traditional medicine guidelines on COVID-19, but they adopted a translated version of the national guideline issued by the National Health Commission of China.
T51 6744-7160 Sentence denotes In mainland China, there are currently 7 versions of national diagnosis and treatment guidelines, and traditional medicine content has been included since the third version.6 Using the government-issued national guidelines as a reference, 17 provinces, 4 municipalities and 4 autonomous regions in mainland China officially issued traditional medicine-related guidelines for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
T52 7161-7353 Sentence denotes All the guidelines were devised by local health authorities according to regional characteristics and local prevalence of COVID-19 and have been continuously updated since the first issuance.5
T53 7354-7790 Sentence denotes In Korea, the Association of Korean Medicine and the Korean Association of Traditional Pulmonary Medicine each issued the first version of traditional medicine guidelines on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 at the end of February 2020.7 Both guidelines were drafted by clinical experts who were also regularly updated by both associations to provide clinical guidance for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in South Korea.
T54 7791-8303 Sentence denotes In the frequency analysis of the herbs used in the herbal formulae for treating patients with COVID-19 according to the patients’ disease stages and PIs (Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 ), the results showed that there were 8 PIs and 23 herbal formulae for the mild stage (Table 1); 11 PIs and 31 herbal formulae for the moderate stage (Table 2); 8 PIs and 21 herbal formulae for the severe stage (Table 3); and 6 PIs and 23 herbal formulae for the recovery stage (Table 4) in the Chinese guidelines.
T55 8304-8500 Sentence denotes The Korean guidelines suggested 4 PIs and 15 herbal formulae for the mild stage, 3 PIs and 3 herbal formulae for the severe stage, and 2 PIs and 2 herbal formulae for the recovery stage (Table 5).
T56 8501-8621 Sentence denotes Table 1 Herbal medicines and pattern identifications for treating mild stage patients with COVID-19 (Chinese guidelines)
T57 8622-8710 Sentence denotes Pattern identification Name of herbal formula Composition of herbal formula (Latin name)
T58 8711-9025 Sentence denotes Cold-Dampness Obstructing the Lung Sang Bei Zhisou San Mori Radicis Cortex, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus, Stemonae Radix, Asteris Radix et Rhizoma, Cynanchi Stauntonii Rhizoma et Radix, Platycodonis Radix, Schizonepetae Spica, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
T59 9026-9342 Sentence denotes Jia Jian Zhengqi San + Da Yuan Yin + Shen Shu San Agastachis Herba 10 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 15 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 10 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 6 g, Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 10 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 10 g, Arecae Semen 10 g
T60 9343-9638 Sentence denotes Agastachis Herba 10 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 15 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 10 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 6 g, Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 10 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 10 g, Arecae Semen 10 g
T61 9639-9971 Sentence denotes Jia Jian Zhengqi Sana + Huo Po Xia Ling Tang Atractylodis Rhizoma 15 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 9 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 9 g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 9 g, Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Agastachis Herba 9 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 6 g, Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 9 g, Coptidis Rhizoma 6 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 9 g
T62 9972-10365 Sentence denotes Qingwen Baidu Yin + Da Yuan Yin + Huo Po Xia Ling Tang + Sheng Jiang San Bupleuri Radix 20 g, Agastachis Herba 10 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 10 g, Arecae Semen 15 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 6 g, Platycodonis Radix 10 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 20 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Batryticatus Bombyx 10 g, Cicadae Periostracum 5 g
T63 10366-10774 Sentence denotes Jing Fang Baidu San Schizonepetae Spica 10 g, Saposhnikoviae Radix 10 g, Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 10 g, Perillae Folium 10 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 12 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 10 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 6 g, Lithospermi Radix 15 g, Forsythiae Fructus 15 g, Belamcandae Rhizoma 9 g, Dryopteridis Crassirhizomatis Rhizoma 10 g, Agastachis Herba 10 g
T64 10775-11220 Sentence denotes Wind-Cold Assailing the Lung Jing Fang Baidu San + Jiuwei Qianghuo Pill Schizonepetae Spica 15 g, Saposhnikoviae Radix 15 g, Chuanxiong Rhizoma 15 g, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix 15 g, Menthae Herba 10 g, Platycodonis Radix 10 g, Schizonepetae Spica 10 g, Perillae Folium 10 g, Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 10 g, Isatidis Folium 10 g, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus 10 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen 10 g
T65 11221-11772 Sentence denotes Jing Fang Baidu San + Huo Po Xia Ling Tang Schizonepetae Spica 15 g, Saposhnikoviae Radix 15 g, Chuanxiong Rhizoma 15 g, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix 15 g, Menthae Herba 15 g, Platycodonis Radix 30 g, Pogostemonis Herba 15 g, Perillae Folium 15 g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 15 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 30 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum15g, Massa Medicata Fermentata 15 g, Coicis Semen 30 g, Poria Sclerotium 30 g, Myristicae Semen 15 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 15 g, Crataegi Fructus 30 g, Dolichoris Semen 30 g, Phragmitis Rhizoma 30 g
T66 11773-12047 Sentence denotes Schizonepetae Spica, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Cynanchi Stauntonii Rhizoma et Radix, Platycodonis Radix, Agastachis Herba, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Poria Sclerotium, Atractylodis Rhizoma Macrocephalae, Coicis Semen, Amomi Fructus Rotundus
T67 12048-12389 Sentence denotes Wind-Heat Invading the Lung Yin Qiao San + Sheng Jiang San Lonicerae Flos 15 g, Forsythiae Fructus 15 g, Schizonepetae Spica 15 g, Arctii Semen 15 g, Menthae Herba 10 g, Platycodonis Radix 15 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Cicadae Periostracum 10 g, Batryticatus Bombyx 10 g, Curcumae Longae Rhizoma 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T68 12390-12656 Sentence denotes Yin Qiao Sana Lonicerae Flos 15 g, Forsythiae Fructus 15 g, Saposhnikoviae Radix 9 g, Scutellariae Radix 15 g, Arctii Semen 9 g, Platycodonis Radix 9 g, Phragmitis Rhizoma 18 g, Bupleuri Radix 9 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 9 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T69 12657-12854 Sentence denotes Sang Ju Yin + Yin Qiao San Mori Folium 10 g, Chrysanthemi Flos 10 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Lonicerae Flos 15 g, Forsythiae Fructus 10 g, Arctii Semen 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 5 g
T70 12855-13325 Sentence denotes Yin Qiao San + Huo Po Xia Ling Tang Lonicerae Flos 30 g, Forsythiae Fructus 30 g, Schizonepetae Spica 15 g, Arctii Semen 15 g, Menthae Herba 15 g, Platycodonis Radix 30 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 15 g, Pogostemonis Herba 15 g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 15 g, Poria Sclerotium 30 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum 15 g, Amomi Fructus Rotundus 15 g, Coicis Semen 30 g, Dolichoris Semen 30 g, Crataegi Fructus 30 g, Massa Medicata Fermentata 15 g, Phragmitis Rhizoma 30 g
T71 13326-13624 Sentence denotes External Cold and Interior Heat Da Qing Long Tang + Qianjing Weijing Tang Ephedrae Herba, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Phragmitis Rhizoma, Benincasae Pericarpium, Persicae Semen, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Coicis Semen, Zizyphi Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
T72 13625-14061 Sentence denotes Warm Pathogen Invading the Lung Ma Xing Yi Gan Tang + Sheng Jiang San/Da Yuan Yin/Qianghuo Shengshi Tang Ephedrae Herba, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Coicis Semen, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Arecae Semen, Lasiosphaera seu Calvatia, Nelumbinis Folium, Artemisiae Annuae Herba, Forsythiae Fructus, Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Platycodonis Radix, Rhei Rhizoma Preparata cum Vinum
T73 14062-14520 Sentence denotes Huo Po Xia Ling Tang + Xiao Chaihu Tang Agastachis Herba 10 g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 10 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum10g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Bupleuri Radix 15 g, Scutellariae Radix 10 g, Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix 10 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Coicis Semen 20 g, Polyporus 10 g, Alismatis Rhizoma 10 g, Amomi Fructus Rotundus 10 g, Sojae Semen Preparatum 10 g, Tetrapanacis Medulla 10 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 5 g, Zizyphi Fructus 5 g
T74 14521-15007 Sentence denotes San Ren Tang + Sheng Jiang San + Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin Armeniacae Semen Amarum 12 g, Talcum 15 g, Tetrapanacis Medulla 6 g, Amomi Fructus Rotundus 5 g, Lophatheri Herba 10 g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 6 g, Coicis Semen 20 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum 6 g, Batryticatus Bombyx 6 g, Curcumae Longae Rhizoma 9 g, Cicadae Periostracum 6 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 6 g, Scutellariae Radix 10 g, Artemisiae Annuae Herba 10 g, Bupleuri Radix 15 g, Moslae Herba 12 g, Forsythiae Fructus 15 g
T75 15008-15063 Sentence denotes Huo Po Xia Ling Tang + Ma Xing Yi Gan Tang Not reported
T76 15064-15331 Sentence denotes Sang Ju Yin + Yin Qiao San Mori Folium, Chrysanthemi Flos, Platycodonis Radix, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Forsythiae Fructus, Phragmitis Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Menthae Herba, Lonicerae Flos, Lophatheri Herba, Schizonepetae Spica, Sojae Semen Preparatum
T77 15332-15791 Sentence denotes Xiao Chaihu Tang + Sang Xin Tang + Jiuwei Qianghuo Tang + Huoxiang Zhengqi San Bupleuri Radix 15 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum 9 g, Scutellariae Radix 9 g, Zizyphi Fructus 9 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 9 g, Mori Radicis Cortex 12 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 9 g, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus 9 g, Adenophorae Radix 9 g, Gardeniae Fructus 9 g, Sojae Semen Preparatum 6 g, Scrophulariae Radix 12 g, Forsythiae Fructus 9 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 9 g
T78 15792-16094 Sentence denotes Ganlu Xiaodu Dan + Huoxiang Zhengqi San Agastachis Herba, Perillae Folium, Platycodonis Radix, Menthae Herba, Forsythiae Fructus, Phragmitis Rhizoma, Talcum, Atractylodis Rhizoma Macrocephalae, Poria Sclerotium, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
T79 16095-16707 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Yi Gan Tanga + Da Yuan Yin Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 15 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 9 g, Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 15 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 15 g, Dryopteridis Crassirhizomatis Rhizoma 9 g, Lumbricus 15 g, Cynanchi Paniculati Radix 15 g, Agastachis Herba 15 g, Eupatorii Herba 9 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 15 g, Poria Sclerotium 45 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 30 g, Hordei Fructus Germinatus 9 g, Crataegi Fructus 9 g, Massa Medicata Fermentata 9 g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 15 g, Arecae Semen 9 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 9 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 15 g
T80 16708-17058 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Yi Gan Tang + Sheng Jiang San + Da Yuan Yin Ephedrae Herba 9 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 9 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 10 g, Arecae Semen 10 g, Cicadae Periostracum 6 g, Astragali Radix 15 g, Forsythiae Fructus 15 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 15 g, Platycodonis Radix 15 g, Scutellariae Radix 12 g, Arctii Semen 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T81 17059-17540 Sentence denotes San Ren Tang + Huo Po Xia Ling Tang Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Amomi Fructus Rotundus 15 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma Zingibere et alumine 15 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Coicis Semen 20 g, Tetrapanacis Medulla 15 g, Agastachis Herba 15 g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 15 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 15 g, Smilacis Rhizoma 20 g, Lophatheri Herba 15 g, Phragmitis Rhizoma 15 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 10 g
T82 17541-17872 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Yi Gan Tang + Sheng Jiang San + Da Yuan Yin Ephedrae Herba 5–10 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 5–10 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 5–10 g, Arecae Semen 5–10 g, Cicadae Periostracum 6–12 g, Forsythiae Fructus 10–20 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10–20 g, Scutellariae Radix 10–15 g, Coicis Semen 10–15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 5–10 g
T83 17873-18098 Sentence denotes Ephedrae Herba, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus, Arecae Semen, Cicadae Periostracum, Forsythiae Fructus, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Platycodonis Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Arctii Semen, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
T84 18099-18464 Sentence denotes Heat Pathogen Assailing the Lung Da Yuan Yina Arecae Semen 10 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 10 g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 10 g, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma 10 g, Scutellariae Radix 10 g, Bupleuri Radix 10 g, Paeoniae Radix Rubra 10 g, Forsythiae Fructus 15 g, Artemisiae Annuae Herba 10 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10 g, Isatidis Folium 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 5 g
T85 18465-18761 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang + Da Yuan Yin Ephedrae Herba 8 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 10 g, Arecae Semen 10 g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 10 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 10 g, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma 10 g, Paeoniae Radix 10 g, Scutellariae Radix 15 g
T86 18762-18807 Sentence denotes Yin Qiao San + Qingwen Baidu Yin Not reported
T87 18808-19120 Sentence denotes Yin Qiao San + Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang Forsythiae Fructus, Lonicerae Flos los, Platycodonis Radix, Menthae Herba, Arctii Semen, Lophatheri Herba, Phragmitis Rhizoma, Sojae Semen Preparatum, Ephedrae Herba, Gypsum Fibrosum, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Bupleuri Radix, Cicadae Periostracum, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
T88 19121-19441 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang + Xiao Chaihu Tang Ephedrae Herba 5–10 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 5–10 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30–50 g, Forsythiae Fructus 10–20 g, Scutellariae Radix 5–10 g, Bupleuri Radix 10–15 g, Coicis Semen 10–15 g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 5–10 g, Poria Sclerotium 10–15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 5–10 g
T89 19442-19836 Sentence denotes Dampness Encumbering the Exterior and Interior Ma Xing Yi Gan Tang + Da Yuan Yin + Sheng Jiang San + Xiang Ru Yin Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 15 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 6 g, Arecae Semen 10 g, Cicadae Periostracum 10 g, Forsythiae Fructus 20 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10 g, Platycodonis Radix 10 g, Scutellariae Radix 15 g, Coicis Semen 20 g, Arctii Semen 15 g, Moslae Herba 12 g
T90 19837-20242 Sentence denotes Huo Po Xia Ling Tanga + Yin Qiao San Agastachis Herba 15 g, Perillae Folium 15 g, Sojae Semen Preparatum 15 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 15 g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 10 g, Angelicae Decursivae Radix 15 g, Bupleuri Radix 15 g, Scutellariae Radix 10 g, Artemisiae Annuae Herba 20 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 10 g, Lonicerae Flos 15 g, Forsythiae Fructus 15 g
T91 20243-20607 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Yi Gan Tanga + Huo Po Xia Ling Tang Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 9 g, Coicis Semen 18 g, Amomi Fructus Rotundus 9 g, Agastachis Herba 9 g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 12 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum alumine 9 g, Poria Sclerotium 12 g, Polyporus 9 g, Scutellariae Radix 9 g, Forsythiae Fructus 12 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T92 20608-20933 Sentence denotes Pathogen Invading the Stomach and Intestines Wang Shi Lian Po Yin + Huo Po Xia Ling Tang Coptidis Rhizoma, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum, Agastachis Herba, Poria Sclerotium, Polyporus, Talcum, Amomi Fructus Rotundus, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Coicis Semen, Tetrapanacis Medulla, Alismatis Rhizoma
T93 20934-21479 Sentence denotes No specific PI Qingfei Paidu Tang Ephedrae Herba 9 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 9 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 15–30 g, Cinnamomi Ramulus 9 g, Alismatis Rhizoma 9 g, Polyporus 9 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 9 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Bupleuri Radix16g, Scutellariae Radix 6 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 9 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 9 g, Asteris Radix 9 g, Farfare Flos 9 g, Belamcandae Rhizoma 9 g, Asari Herba 6 g, Dioscoreae Rhizoma 12 g, Aurantii Fructus 6 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 6 g, Agastachis Herba 9 g
T94 21480-21624 Sentence denotes a Name of the herbal formula is originally not reported, and the authors named them based on Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula.
T95 21625-21749 Sentence denotes Table 2 Herbal medicines and pattern identifications for treating moderate stage patients with COVID-19 (Chinese guidelines)
T96 21750-21838 Sentence denotes Pattern identification Name of herbal formula Composition of herbal formula (Latin name)
T97 21839-22091 Sentence denotes Warm Heat Pathogen Congesting the Lung Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Cicadae Periostracum 6 g, Rhei Rhizoma Preparata cum Vinum 6 g, Agastachis Herba 10 g
T98 22092-22347 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang + Yin Qiao San Ephedrae Herba, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Mori Radicis Cortex, Lonicerae Flos, Forsythiae Fructus, Scutellariae Radix, Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Phragmitis Rhizoma
T99 22348-22630 Sentence denotes Ephedrae Herba, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Lonicerae Flos, Forsythiae Fructus, Scutellariae Radix, Curcumae longae Radix, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus, Paeoniae Rubra Radix, Arisaematis Rhizoma Preparata cum Bovis Fel, Rhei Rhizoma Preparata cum Vinum, Coicis Semen
T100 22631-22947 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Shi Gan Tanga + Ganlu Xiaodu Dan + Sangbaipi Yin Scutellariae Radix 15 g, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma 10 g, Ephedrae Herba 10 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 9 g, Amomi Fructus Rotundus 6 g, Coicis Semen 30 g, Mori Radicis Cortex 15 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10 g, Astragali Radix 10 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 15 g
T101 22948-23342 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang + Qianjing Weijing Tang Ephedrae Herba 9 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma 12 g, Poria Sclerotium 10 g, Phragmitis Rhizoma 30 g, Oryzae Semen 30 g, Benincasae Pericarpium 30 g, Persicae Semen 12 g, Fagopyri Radix 30 g, Scutellariae Radix 12 g, Platycodonis Radix 9 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 9 g, Perillae Caulis 12 g, Sappan Lignum 12 g
T102 23343-23745 Sentence denotes Qingqi Huatan Tang + Huo Po Xia Ling Tang Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10–15 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10–15 g, Scutellariae Radix 10–15 g, Trichosanthis Pericarpium 10–15 g, Poria Sclerotium 15–30 g, Agastachis Herba 15 g, Magnoliae Cortex 10–20 g, Artemisiae Annuae Herba 20–30 g, Phragmitis Rhizoma 20–30 g, Lonicerae Flos 15–30 g, Pseudostellariae Radix 30 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 5–10 g
T103 23746-24274 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang + Ganlu Xiaodu Dan + Sheng Jiang San Ephedrae Herba 5–10 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 5–10 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30–50 g, Talcum 10–20 g, Artemisiae Scopariae Herba 10–30 g, Scutellariae Radix 10–15 g, Amomi Fructus Rotundus 5–10 g, Agastachis Herba 10–15 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10–15 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 10–20 g, Forsythiae Fructus 10–15 g, Batryticatus Bombyx 5–10 g, Cicadae Periostracum 6–12 g, Curcumae Longae Rhizoma 5–10 g, Paeoniae Rubra Radix 10–15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 5–10 g
T104 24275-24803 Sentence denotes Exterior Cold and Interior Heat Complicated by Dampness Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang + Chuwen Huadu Tang + Sheng Jiang San Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Batryticatus Bombyx 10 g, Curcumae Longae Rhizoma 9 g, Cicadae Periostracum 6 g, Menthae Herba 6 g, Forsythiae Fructus 15 g, Lonicerae Flos 15 g, Scutellariae Radix 12 g, Phragmitis Rhizoma 15 g, Coicis Semen 20 g, Caryophylli Flos 2 g, Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus 6 g, Akebiae Caulis 12 g, Moschus 0.4 g
T105 24804-25228 Sentence denotes Chaihu Da Yuan Yin + Leng Xiao Pill Bupleuri Radix 12 g, Magnoliae Cortex 15 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 3 g, Scutellariae Radix 15 g, Aurantii Fructus 9 g, Platycodonis Radix 10 g, Arecae Semen 6 g, Coicis Semen 20 g, Ephedrae Herba 8 g, Asari Herba 2 g, Alumen 6 g, Asteris Radix 15 g, Peucedani Radix 15 g, Farfarae Flos 15 g, Gleditsia Fructus 6 g, Bambusae Silicea Concretio 5 g, Aconiti Radix Preparata 3 g, Moschus 0.4 g
T106 25229-25529 Sentence denotes Dryness Invading the Lung Sang Xing Tang + Qingzao Jiufei Tang Mori Folium 10 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Eriobotryae Folium 30 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 15 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 15 g, Rehmanniae Radix 15 g, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus 15 g, Adenophorae Radix 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T107 25530-25841 Sentence denotes Cold-Dampness Obstructing the Lung Ma Xing Yi Gan Tang Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Coicis Semen 30 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Agastachis Herba 10 g, Belamcandae Rhizoma 10 g, Perillae Folium 6 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 3 g, Magnoliae Cortex 6 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 12 g
T108 25842-26132 Sentence denotes Jia Jian Zhengqi Sana + Da Yuan Yin Atractylodis Rhizoma 15 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Magnoliae Cortex 10 g, Agastachis Herba 10 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 6 g, Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 10 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 10 g, Arecae Semen 10 g
T109 26133-26631 Sentence denotes Dampness Obstructing Middle Energizer Qianjing Weijing Tang + San Zi Yangqin Tang + Shengyang Yiwei Tang Phragmitis Rhizoma 20 g, Coicis Semen 20 g, Benincasae Pericarpium 30 g, Persicae Semen 20 g, Bupleuri Radix 12 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 12 g, Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 10 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 12 g, Saposhnikoviae Radix 15 g, Astragali Radix 15 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 15 g, Panax ginseng Radix 6 g, Perilliae Semen 8 g, Raphani Semen 12 g, Moschus 0.4 g
T110 26632-27013 Sentence denotes Yi Jia Jian Zhengqi San Agastachis Herba 15 g, Magnoliae Cortex 15 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Massa Medicata Fermentata 15 g, Hordei Fructus Germinatus 15 g, Artemisiae Scopariae Herba 15 g, Arecae Pericarpium 10 g, Dolichoris Semen 30 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Platycodonis Radix 10 g, Coicis Semen 30 g
T111 27014-27500 Sentence denotes Dampness Obstructing the Lung Ma Xing Shi Gan Tanga + Qingqi Huatan Tang + Sangbaipi Yin Ephedrae Herba 9 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 20 g, Mori Radicis Cortex 30 g, Scutellariae Radix 15 g, Benincasae Pericarpium 20 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 10 g, Magnoliae Cortex 10 g, Perilliae Semen 15 g, Brassicae Semen 10 g, Trichosanthis Pericarpium 15 g, Inulae Flos 9 g, Cyperi Rhizoma 10 g, Curcumae longae Radix 10 g, Persicae Semen 10 g, Astragali Radix 20 g
T112 27501-27806 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Yi Gan Tang + Da Yuan Yin Ephedrae Herba 10 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 15 g, Coicis Semen 20–30 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 10–20 g, Arecae Semen 10–15 g, Forsythiae Fructus 10–30 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10–15 g, Magnoliae Cortex 10–15 g, Scutellariae Radix 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 5–10 g
T113 27807-28124 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Yi Gan Tang + Sheng Jiang San + Da Yuan Yin Ephedrae Herba, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Coicis Semen, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus, Arecae Semen, Cicadae Periostracum, Forsythiae Fructus, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Platycodonis Radix, Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus, Scutellariae Radix
T114 28125-28563 Sentence denotes Dampness toxin Congesting the Lung Ma Xing Yi Gan Tanga + Da Yuan Yin Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 15 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Coicis Semen 30 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10 g, Agastachis Herba 15 g, Artemisiae Annuae Herba 12 g, Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix 20 g, Verbenae Herba 30 g, Phragmitis Rhizoma 30 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 15 g, Citri Grandis Rubrum Exocarpium 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 10 g
T115 28564-28896 Sentence denotes Phlegm-Heat Congesting the Lung Qingwen Baidu Yina + Sheng Jiang San Ephedrae Herba 9–12 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 9 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Trichosanthis Fructus 30 g, Scutellariae Radix 12 g, Mori Radicis Cortex 30 g, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus 9 g, Eriobotryae Folium 9 g, Adenophorae Radix 12 g, Cicadidae Periostracum 6 g
T116 28897-29623 Sentence denotes Phlegm-Heat Congesting the Lung Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang + Ganlu Xiaodu Dan + Sheng Jiang San Ephedrae Herba 8 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 12 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 10 g, Talcum 30 g, Artemisiae Scopariae Herba 20 g, Scutellariae Radix 15 g, Amomi Fructus Rotundus 10 g, Agastachis Herba 15 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 15 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 15 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 20 g, Forsythiae Fructus 15 g, Batryticatus Bombyx 5 g, Cicadae Periostracum 5 g, Curcumae Longae Rhizoma 10 g, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 5 g, Paridis Rhizoma 10 g, Moutan Cortex Radicis 15 g, Paeoniae Rubra Radix 15 g, Curcumae longae Radix 15 g, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma 15 g, Rehmanniae Radix 15 g, Scrophulariae Radix 15 g
T117 29624-30131 Sentence denotes Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang + Huanglian Jiedu Tang + Jiedu Huoxue Tang Ephedrae Herba 8 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 12 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma10g, Trichosanthis Fructus 30 g, Persicae Semen 10 g, Paeoniae Rubra Radix 15 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 20 g, Coptidis Rhizoma 3 g, Scutellariae Radix 10 g, Mori Radicis Cortex 10 g, Paridis Rhizoma 10 g, Moutan Cortex Radicis 15 g, Curcumae longae Radix 15 g, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma 15 g, Rehmanniae Radix 15 g, Scrophulariae Radix 15 g
T118 30132-30505 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Yi Gan Tang + Sheng Jiang San + Da Yuan Yin Ephedrae Herba 10 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 15 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Coicis Semen 30 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 10 g, Arecae Semen 10 g, Cicadae Periostracum 10 g, Forsythiae Fructus 20 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 15 g, Platycodonis Radix 15 g, Scutellariae Radix 15 g, Arctii Semen 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 10 g
T119 30506-31007 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang + Qingqi Huatan Tang Ephedrae Herba 9 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30–50 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 10 g, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus 15 g, Trichosanthis Fructus 15 g, Scutellariae Radix 15 g, Platycodonis Radix 15 g, Aurantii Fructus 15 g, Poria Sclerotium 20 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 15 g, Houttuyniae Herba 30 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 15 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 15 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 10 g
T120 31008-31421 Sentence denotes Epidemic Toxin Blocking the Lung Ma Xing Gan Shi Tang Da Yuan Yin + Sheng Jiang San + Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 6 g, Arecae Semen 10 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 10 g, Persicae Semen 10 g, Batryticatus Bombyx 10 g, Cicadae Periostracum 10 g, Curcumae Longae Rhizoma 10 g
T121 31422-31777 Sentence denotes Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang + San Xiao Yin + Huo Po Xia Ling Tang Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Trichosanthis Fructus 30 g, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 10 g, Persicae Semen 10 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 6 g, Arecae Semen 10 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10 g, Agastachis Herba 12 g, Moschus 0.4 g
T122 31778-32070 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Gan Shi Tanga + Da Yuan Yin Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Trichosanthis Fructus 30 g, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 10 g, Persicae Semen 10 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 6 g, Arecae Semen 10 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10 g
T123 32071-32506 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang + Huo Po Xia Ling Tang + Sheng Jiang San + Huanglian Wendan Tang Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 9 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Agastachis Herba 12 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 12 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Magnoliae Cortex 12 g, Amomi Fructus Rotundus 12 g, Coicis Semen 30 g, Alismatis Rhizoma 9 g, Sojae Semen Preparatum 12 g, Scrophulariae Radix 12 g, Trichosanthis Radix 12 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 9 g
T124 32507-32817 Sentence denotes Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tanga + Da Yuan Yin Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 9 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 9 g, Trichosanthis Fructus 30 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 6 g, Arecae Semen 12 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 9 g, Persicae Semen 9 g, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T125 32818-33169 Sentence denotes Heat Pathogen Assailing the Lung Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang + Huanglian Jiedu Tang Ephedrae Herba, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Arisaematis Rhizoma Preparata cum Bovis Fel, Rhei Rhizoma Preparata cum Vinum, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen, Bubali Cornu, Persicae Semen, Paeoniae Rubra Radix, Hirudo, Coicis Semen, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
T126 33170-33483 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang Ephedrae Herba 10 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Trichosanthis Fructus 30 g, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 30 g, Perillae Folium 30 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 6 g, Arecae Semen 6 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10 g
T127 33484-33871 Sentence denotes Bai Hu Tang + Qingying Tang + Qingwen Baidu Yin Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Scrophulariae Radix 20 g, Rehmanniae Radix 15 g, Moutan Cortex Radicis 15 g, Lophatheri Herba 10 g, Lonicerae Flos 15 g, Forsythiae Fructus 15 g, Scutellariae Radix 15 g, Menthae Herba 20 g, Paeoniae Rubra Radix 15 g, Curcumae longae Radix 15 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 10 g
T128 33872-34201 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang + Yin Qiao San Ephedrae Herba 9 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 9 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Mori Radicis Cortex 15 g, Lonicerae Flos 20 g, Forsythiae Fructus 15 g, Scutellariae Radix 12 g, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 9 g, Dendrobii Herba 15 g, Panacis Quinquefolii Radix 15 g
T129 34202-34398 Sentence denotes Ephedrae Herba, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Mori Radicis Cortex, Lonicerae Flos, Forsythiae Fructus, Scutellariae Radix, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
T130 34399-34654 Sentence denotes Ephedrae Herba 10 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10–15 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 20–30 g, Mori Radicis Cortex 15 g, Lonicerae Flos 20–30 g, Forsythiae Fructus 20–30 g, Scutellariae Radix 15 g, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 5–10 g
T131 34655-35201 Sentence denotes No specific PI Qingfei Paidu Tang Ephedrae Herba 9 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 9 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 15–30 g, Cinnamomi Ramulus 9 g, Alismatis Rhizoma 9 g, Polyporus 9 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 9 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Bupleuri Radix 16g, Scutellariae Radix 6 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 9 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 9 g, Asteris Radix 9 g, Farfare Flos 9 g, Belamcandae Rhizoma 9 g, Asari Herba 6 g, Dioscoreae Rhizoma 12 g, Aurantii Fructus 6 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 6 g, Agastachis Herba 9 g
T132 35202-35346 Sentence denotes a Name of the herbal formula is originally not reported, and the authors named them based on Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula.
T133 35347-35469 Sentence denotes Table 3 Herbal medicines and pattern identifications for treating severe stage patients with COVID-19 (Chinese guidelines)
T134 35470-35558 Sentence denotes Pattern identification Name of herbal formula Composition of herbal formula (Latin name)
T135 35559-35767 Sentence denotes Internal Block and External Collapse Shen Fu Tang + Su He Xiang Pill/Angong Niuhuang Pill Ginseng Radix 15 g, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata 10 g, Corni Fructus 15 g, Su He Xiang Pill/Angong Niuhuang Pill
T136 35768-35962 Sentence denotes Shen Fu Tanga + Su He Xiang Pill/Angong Niuhuang Pill/Zi Xue San Ginseng Radix 15 g, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata 10 g, Corni Fructus 15 g, Su He Xiang Pill/Angong Niuhuang Pill/Zi Xue San
T137 35963-36180 Sentence denotes Shen Fu Tang + Su He Xiang Pill/Angong Niuhuang Pill/Shexiang Niuhuang Pill Ginseng Radix 15 g, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata 10 g, Corni Fructus 15 g, Su He Xiang Pill/Angong Niuhuang Pill/Shexiang Niuhuang Pill
T138 36181-36425 Sentence denotes Shen Fu Tang Panax ginseng Radix, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Asparagi Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Lonicerae Flos, Bubali Cornu, Corni Fructus, Schisandrae Fructus, Phragmitis Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
T139 36426-36653 Sentence denotes aGinseng Radix 15 g, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata 10 g, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma 10 g, Curcumae longae Radix 10 g, Corni Fructus 10 g, Schisandrae Fructus 10 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 10 g
T140 36654-36927 Sentence denotes Sheng Mai San + San Shi Tang + Angong Niuhuang Pill Panaciis Quinquefolii Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Schisandrae Fructus, Gypsum Rubrum, Talcum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Lonicerae Flos, Tetrapanacis Medulla, Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam, Angong Niuhuang Pill
T141 36928-37097 Sentence denotes Si Ni Jia Renshen Tang + Angong Niuhuang Pill/Zi Xue San Ginseng Radix 15 g, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata 15 g, Corni Fructus 20 g, Angong Niuhuang Pill/Zi Xue San
T142 37098-37217 Sentence denotes Ginseng Radix 5–10 g, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata 6–10 g, Corni Fructus 20–25 g, Angong Niuhuang Pill/Zi Xue San
T143 37218-37343 Sentence denotes Ginseng Radix, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Corni Fructus, Bambusae Silicea Concretio, Angong Niuhuang Pill/Zi Xue San
T144 37344-37567 Sentence denotes Si Ni Jia Renshen Tang + Zhi Xue San / Su He Xiang Pill/Angong Niuhuang Pill Panax ginseng Radix 20–30 g, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata 30–60 g, Corni Fructus 15–20 g, Zhi Xue San, Su He Xiang Pill/Angong Niuhuang Pill
T145 37568-37849 Sentence denotes Xuanbai Chengqi Tang Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Trichosanthis Fructus 30 g, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Ephedrae Herba 6 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 10 g, Persicae Semen 10 g, Magnoliae Cortex 10 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 6 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10 g
T146 37850-38174 Sentence denotes aTrichosanthis Fructus 30 g, Curcumae longae Radix 10 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 30 g, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix 30 g, Lumbricus Corpus 15 g, Bombycis Feces 15 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 15 g, Polyporus 30 g, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 10 g, Aurantii Immaturus Fructus 15 g, Gardeniae Fructus 15 g, Panax ginseng Radix 30 g
T147 38175-38438 Sentence denotes Toxin Blocking the Lung Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang + Xuanbai Chengqi Tang Gypsum Fibrosum, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Trichosanthis Fructus, Ephedrae Herba, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Phragmitis Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
T148 38439-38816 Sentence denotes aEphedrae Herba 6 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 9 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 3 g, Agastachis Herba 10 g, Magnoliae Cortex 10 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 15 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 10 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum 9 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 5 g, Astragali Radix 10 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 10 g, Paeoniae Radix Rubra 10 g
T149 38817-39181 Sentence denotes aGypsum Fibrosum 45 g, Ephedrae Herba 10 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Lonicerae Flos 15 g, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma 10 g, Bubali Cornu 30 g, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus 10 g, Trichosanthis Fructus 30 g, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 10 g, Magnoliae Cortex 15 g, Lumbricus Corpus 20 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 20 g, Paeoniae Radix Rubra 20 g, Astragali Radix 20 g
T150 39182-39358 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang + Sang Bei San Ephedrae Herba, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Mori Radicis Cortex, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
T151 39359-39536 Sentence denotes Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Tang + Sang Bei San Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Trichosanthis Fructus, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Mori Radicis Cortex, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus
T152 39537-39909 Sentence denotes (Self-prescribed) Tingli Xiefei Tang Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 15 g, Trichosanthis Fructus 9 g, Fagopyri Radix 30 g, Tripterospermi Chinensis Herba 30 g, Scutellariae Radix 30 g, Perillae Fructus 9 g, Allii Macrostemi Bulbus 12 g, Pinelliae Praeparatum cum Zingiberis 12 g, Cinnamomi Ramulus 9 g, Paeoniae Radix Alba 15 g, Chuanxiong Rhizoma 15 g, Brassicae Semen 9 g
T153 39910-40057 Sentence denotes Shen Fu Tang Ginseng Radix Rubra 10 g, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata 10 g, Corni Fructus 30 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 20 g, Notoginseng Radix 10 g
T154 40058-40274 Sentence denotes Shen Fu Tang + Su He Xiang Pill/Angong Niuhuang Pill Panax ginseng Radix 30 g/Panax ginseng Radix 10 g, Panaciis Quinquefolii Radix 15 g, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata 15 g, Su He Xiang Pill/Angong Niuhuang Pill
T155 40275-40634 Sentence denotes Xuanbai Chengqi Tang + Huanglian Jiedu Tang + Jiedu Huoxue Tang Armeniacae Semen Amarum 9 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30 g, Trichosanthis Fructus 15 g, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Ephedrae Herba 9 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 15 g, Persicae Semen 10 g, Paeoniae Radix Rubra 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 9 g, Trichosanthis Radix 15 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 20 g
T156 40635-40904 Sentence denotes Armeniacae Semen Amarum 5–10 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30–50 g, Trichosanthis Fructus 10–15 g, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 3–5 g, Ephedrae Herba 5–10 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 10–20 g, Persicae Semen 5–10 g, Paeoniae Radix Rubra 10–15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 5–10 g
T157 40905-41160 Sentence denotes Armeniacae Semen Amarum 15 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 20–30 g, Trichosanthis Fructus 15 g, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 5 g, Ephedrae Herba 10 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 15–20 g, Persicae Semen 10 g, Paeoniae Radix Rubra 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 5–10 g
T158 41161-41387 Sentence denotes Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Trichosanthis Fructus, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Ephedrae Herba, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen, Persicae Semen, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Curcumae longae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
T159 41388-41873 Sentence denotes Qingwen Baidu Yin + Jiedu Huoxue Tang Bubali Cornu 30 g, Rehmanniae Radix 15 g, Scutellariae Radix 15 g, Moutan Cortex Radicis 15 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30–50 g, Gardeniae Fructus 10 g, Scrophulariae Radix 15 g, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus 15 g, Forsythiae Fructus 15 g, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma 15 g, Platycodi Radix 15 g, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix 15 g, Persicae Semen 15 g, Lumbricus Corpus 15 g, Chuanxiong Rhizoma 15 g, Pseudostellariae Radix 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 10 g
T160 41874-42243 Sentence denotes Blazing of both qi and nutrient Qingwen Baidu Yina Gypsum Fibrosum 30–60 g, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma 30 g, Rehmanniae Radix 30–60 g, Bubali Cornu 30 g, Paeoniae Radix Rubra 30 g, Scrophulariae Radix 30 g, Forsythiae Fructus 15 g, Moutan Cortex Radicis 15 g, Coptidis Rhizoma 6 g, Lophatheri Herba 12 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T161 42244-42728 Sentence denotes Toxin Flowing through Five Viscera Xiang Sha Liu Junzi Tang + Shen Su Jiangqi Tang Ginseng Radix 7 g, Aucklandiae Radix 6 g, Magnoliae Cortex 30 g, Perillae Folium 8 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma Macrocephalae 15 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 12 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Panax quinquefolius Radix 20 g, Aurantii Fructus 10 g, Cynanchi Stauntonii Rhizoma et Radix 15 g, Panacis Quinquefolii Radix 6 g, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus 20 g, Moschus 0.4 g
T162 42729-43512 Sentence denotes Depletion of Essential Qi Poge Jiuxin Tang + Gualou Xiebai Banxia Tang + Danshen Yin Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata 20 g, Corni Fructus 20 g, Ossa Draconis and Concha Ostreae 20 g, Magnetitum 15 g, Fluoritum 20 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 12 g, Ginseng Radix 15 g, Feces Trogopterori 12 g, Allii Macrostemi Bulbus 12 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 12 g, Poria Sclerotium 20 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 5 g, Dioscoreae Rhizoma 20 g, Lilii Bulbus 15 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma 5 g, Lycii Fructus 15 g, Psoraleae Fructus 12 g, Cuscutae Semen 15 g, Astragali Radix 15 g, Schisandrae Fructus 6 g, Persicae Semen 15 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 15 g, Asari Herba 3 g, Brassicae Semen 15 g, Bambusae Succus 20 g, Jujubae Fructus 10 pieces, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix 10 g, Santali Albi Lignum 3 g
T163 43513-43653 Sentence denotes Exhaustion of Yin and Collapse Of Yang Shen Fu Long Mu Tang Ginseng Radix, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Ossa Draconis, Concha Ostreae
T164 43654-43756 Sentence denotes Toxin Clouding the Orifices Zi Xue Dan/Zhi Bao Dan/Angong Niuhuang Pill/Su He Xiang Pill Not available
T165 43757-44169 Sentence denotes Cold Epidemic Blocking the Lung Xiao Qinglong Tang Ephedrae Herba 10 g, Paeoniae Radix Alba 10 g, Asari Herba 3 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 5 g, Cinnamomi Ramulus 10 g, Schisandrae Fructus 5 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum10g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 10 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10 g, Magnoliae Cortex 10 g, Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix 10 g
T166 44170-44715 Sentence denotes No specific PI Qingfei Paidu Tang Ephedrae Herba 9 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 9 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 15–30 g, Cinnamomi Ramulus 9 g, Alismatis Rhizoma 9 g, Polyporus 9 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 9 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Bupleuri Radix16g, Scutellariae Radix 6 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 9 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 9 g, Asteris Radix 9 g, Farfare Flos 9 g, Belamcandae Rhizoma 9 g, Asari Herba 6 g, Dioscoreae Rhizoma 12 g, Aurantii Fructus 6 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 6 g, Agastachis Herba 9 g
T167 44716-44860 Sentence denotes a Name of the herbal formula is originally not reported, and the authors named them based on Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula.
T168 44861-44985 Sentence denotes Table 4 Herbal medicines and pattern identifications for treating recovery stage patients with COVID-19 (Chinese guidelines)
T169 44986-45074 Sentence denotes Pattern identification Name of herbal formula Composition of herbal formula (Latin name)
T170 45075-45486 Sentence denotes Dual eficiency of Qi and Yin Er Chen Tang + Wang Shi Qingshu Yiqi Tang Panacis Quinquefolii Radix 15 g, Dendrobii Herba 10 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 15 g, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma 9 g, Lophatheri Herba 10 g, Coptidis Rhizoma 6 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum 9 g, Citri Exocarpium Rubrum 10 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 15 g, Hordei Fructus Germinatus 20 g
T171 45487-45817 Sentence denotes Panacis Quinquefolii Radix 20 g, Dendrobii Herba 10 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 10 g, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma 10 g, Lophatheri Herba 10 g, Coptidis Rhizoma 3 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 10 g, Citri Exocarpium Rubrum 10 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Hordei Fructus Germinatus 30 g
T172 45818-46204 Sentence denotes Shengmai Sana + Shen Ling Baizhu San Codonopsis Radix 10 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 10 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam 10 g, Glehniae Radix 15 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 10 g, Schisandrae Fructus 6 g, Albizziae Cortex 15 g, Setariae Fructus Germinatus 15 g, Hordei Fructus Germinatus 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T173 46205-46510 Sentence denotes Buzhong Yiqi Tanga + Shashen Maidong Tang Astragali Radix 15 g, Pseudostellariae Radix 15 g, Lophatheri Herba 15 g, Adenophorae Radix 15 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 15 g, Phragmitis Rhizoma 20 g, Trichosanthis Radix 9 g, Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma 6 g, Imperatae Rhizoma 20 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 10 g
T174 46511-46815 Sentence denotes Maiwei Buzhong Yiqi Tang Pseudostellariae Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Schisandrae Fructus, Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Glehniae Radix, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Eriobotryae Folium, Lilii Bulbus, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
T175 46816-47123 Sentence denotes Shengmai San Pseudostellariae Radix 15 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 30 g, Schisandrae Fructus 10 g, Astragali Radix 30 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 20 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Angelicae Sinensis Radix 15 g, Glehniae Radix 15 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T176 47124-47396 Sentence denotes Shashen Maidong Tanga Adenophorae Radix 15 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 15 g, Astragali Radix 15 g, Massa Medicata Fermentata 20 g, Paeoniae Radix Rubra 15 g, Mori Cortex 15 g, Lycii Cortex 15 g, Aurantii Fructus 10 g, Artemisiae Apiaceae Herba 15 g, Rehmanniae Radix Crudus 15 g
T177 47397-47722 Sentence denotes Shashen Maidong Tanga + Zhuye Shigao Tang aAdenophorae Radix 10 g, Glehniae Radix 10 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 15 g, Panacis Quinquefolii Radix 6 g, Schisandrae Fructus 6 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 15 g, Lophatheri Herba 10 g, Mori Folium 10 g, Phragmitis Rhizoma 15 g, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T178 47723-48055 Sentence denotes aAdenophorae Radix 15 g, Ginseng Radix 9 g, Codonopsis Radix 9 g, Pseudostellariae Radix 15 g, Ginseng Radix 9 g, Panacis Quinquefolii Radix 9 g, Asparagi Radix 9 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 9 g, Lophatheri Herba 9 g, Mori Folium 9 g, Cicadae Periostracum 6 g, Lycii Cortex 9 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 15 g, Setariae Fructus Germinatus 15 g
T179 48056-48375 Sentence denotes Spleen-Lung Qi Deficiency Buzhong Yiqi Tang + Caihu Sugan San Ginseng Radix Rubra, Astragali Radix praeparata cum melle, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Platycodonis Radix, Corni Fructus, Amomi Fructus, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Coicis Semen
T180 48376-48663 Sentence denotes Huangqi Liu Junzi Tang Astragali Radix praeparata cum melle 30 g, Amomi Fructus 6 g, Codonopsis Radix 15 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 10 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 9 g, Agastachis Herba 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T181 48664-48883 Sentence denotes Huangqi Xiangsha Liujunzi Tang Astragali Radix praeparata cum melle 30 g, Amomi Fructus 6 g, Codonopsis Radix 15 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 9 g, Agastachis Herba 10 g
T182 48884-49125 Sentence denotes Xiang Sha Liu Junzi Tang + Li Zhong Pill Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum 9 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Codonopsis Radix 15 g, Astragali Radix praeparata cum melle 30 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Agastachis Herba 10 g, Amomi Fructus 6 g
T183 49126-49292 Sentence denotes aCitri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Codonopsis Radix 15 g, Astragali Radix praeparata cum melle 30 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Agastachis Herba 10 g, Amomi Fructus 6 g
T184 49293-49570 Sentence denotes aPinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum 9 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Codonopsis Radix 15 g, Astragali Radix praeparata cum melle 30 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 10 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Agastachis Herba 10 g, Amomi Fructus 6 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T185 49571-49795 Sentence denotes Xiang Sha Liu Junzi Tanga Codonopsis Radix 15 g, Astragali Radix praeparata cum melle 30 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum 9 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 9 g, Agastachis Herba 9 g, Amomi Fructus 6 g
T186 49796-50134 Sentence denotes Shen Ling Baizhu San Panax ginseng 10 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 15 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Lablab Semen Album 30 g, Amomi Fructus 6 g, Nelumbinis Semen 30 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Platycodonis Radix 10 g, Dioscoreae Rhizoma 15 g, Coicis Semen 30 g, Hordei Fructus Germinatus 30 g, Massa Medicata Fermentata 10 g
T187 50135-50437 Sentence denotes Xiang Sha Liu Junzi Tang Codonopsis Radix 12 g, Astragali Radix 20 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum 9 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 6 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Oryzae Semen 30 g, Aucklandiae Radix 6 g, Amomi Fructus 5 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 12 g, Moutan Cortex 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T188 50438-50871 Sentence denotes aCodonopsis Radix 20 g, Astragali Radix praeparata cum melle 20 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 15 g, Poria Sclerotium 10 g, Juglandis Semen 6 g, Polygonati Rhizoma 15 g, Glehniae Radix 12 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 10 g, Inulae Flos 6 g, Rubiae Radix 10 g, Curcumae Radix 10 g, Coicis Semen 15 g, Benincasae Semen 20 g, Persicae Semen 12 g, Perillae Fructus 10 g, Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignun 3 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T189 50872-51147 Sentence denotes Lung-Stomach Yin Deficiency Bufei Tang + San Zi Yangqin Tang Astragali Radix 15 g, Pseudostellariae Radix 15 g, Corni Fructus 15 g, Aurantii Immaturus Fructus 10 g, Perillae Fructus 10 g, Brassicae Semen 10 g, Schisandrae Fructus 10 g, Persicae Semen 10 g, Carthami Flos 10 g
T190 51148-51353 Sentence denotes Shashen Maidong Tang Adenophorae Radix 15 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 15 g, Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma 10 g, Lablab Semen Album 20 g, Mori Folium 10 g, Trichosanthis Radix 20 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T191 51354-51627 Sentence denotes Shengmai Yina + Maimendong Tang Pseudostellariae Radix/Panacis Quinquefolii Radix 15 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 18 g, Schisandrae Fructus 9 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum 9 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 9 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Fructus Amomi 6 g, Lablab Semen Album 15 g
T192 51628-52140 Sentence denotes Dual Damage of Qi and Fluid Shengyang Yiwei Tang + Zhuye Shigao Tang + Xiao Chaihu Tang) + Buzhong Yiqi Tang + Shengmai Yin Astragali Radix 18 g, Codonopsis Radix 9 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 12 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum 9 g, Paeoniae Radix Alba 9 g, Lophatheri Herba 6 g, Alismatis Rhizoma 12 g, Angelicae Pubescentis Radix 9 g, Notopterygii Rhizoma seu Radix 9 g, Bupleuri Radix 9 g, Scrophulariae Radix 12 g, Trichosanthis Radix 12 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T193 52141-52422 Sentence denotes Liver Depression and Spleen Deficiency Xiaoyao San + Si Ni San Bupleuri Radix 6 g, Aurantii Fructus 10 g, Paeoniae Radix Rubra 10 g, Angelicae Sinensis Radix 10 g, Poria Sclerotium 30 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 15 g, Menthae Herba 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g
T194 52423-52735 Sentence denotes Unclear Residual Heat Maimendong Tang + Chaihu Qingzao Tang Panax quinquefolius Radix 20 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 12 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 12 g, Platycodonis Radix 9 g, Trichosanthis Fructus 12 g, Saposhnikoviae Radix 12 g, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma 10 g, Crassirhizomae Rhizoma 12 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 6 g
T195 52736-53047 Sentence denotes Zhuye Shigao Tang + Qingzao Jiufei Tang Lophatheri Herba 15 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 20 g, Pseudostellariae Radix 15 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 20 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 10 g, Eriobotryae Folium 15 g, Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma 15 g, Scrophulariae Radix 15 g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 10 g
T196 53048-53320 Sentence denotes Zhuye Shigao Tang + Si Junzi Tang Lophatheri Herba 15 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 15–20 g, Pseudostellariae Radix 20–30 g, Ophiopogonis Radix 10–15 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 10 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 15–20 g, Poria Sclerotium 15–20 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 5–10 g
T197 53321-53529 Sentence denotes Zhuye Shigao Tang Lophatheri Herba, Gypsum Fibrosum, Pseudostellariae Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Oryzae Semen, Phragmitis Rhizoma, Setariae Fructus Germinatus, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
T198 53530-54075 Sentence denotes No specific PI Qingfei Paidu Tang Ephedrae Herba 9 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Armeniacae Amarum Semen 9 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 15∼30 g, Cinnamomi Ramulus 9 g, Alismatis Rhizoma 9 g, Polyporus 9 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 9 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Bupleuri Radix16g, Scutellariae Radix 6 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 9 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 9 g, Asteris Radix 9 g, Farfare Flos 9 g, Belamcandae Rhizoma 9 g, Asari Herba 6 g, Dioscoreae Rhizoma 12 g, Aurantii Fructus 6 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 6 g, Agastachis Herba 9 g
T199 54076-54220 Sentence denotes a Name of the herbal formula is originally not reported, and the authors named them based on Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula.
T200 54221-54329 Sentence denotes Table 5 Herbal medicines and pattern identifications for treating patients with COVID-19 (Korean guidelines)
T201 54330-54418 Sentence denotes Pattern identification Name of herbal formula Composition of herbal formula (Latin name)
T202 54419-54423 Sentence denotes Mild
T203 54424-54759 Sentence denotes Exterior heat Jinfang Baidu San Osterici Radix 4 g, Araliae Continentalis Radix 4 g, Bupleuri Radix 4 g, Angelicae Decursivae Radix 4 g, Poria Sclerotium 4 g, Ginseng Radix 4 g, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus 4 g, Platycodi Radix 4 g, Cnidii Rhizoma 4 g, Schizonepetae Spica 4 g, Saposhnikoviae Radix 4 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 2 g
T204 54760-55111 Sentence denotes Jiuwei Qianghuo Tang Osterici Radix 6 g, Saposhnikoviae Radix 6 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 4.8 g, Cnidii Rhizoma 4.8 g, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix 4.8 g, Scutellariae Radix 4.8 g, Rehmanniae Radix Crudus 4.8 g, Asiasari Radix et Rhizoma 2 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 2 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus 4 g, Zizyphi Fructus 4 g, Allii Fistulosi Bulbus 4 g
T205 55112-55312 Sentence denotes Sang Ju Yin Armeniacae Semen 8 g, Forsythiae Fructus 6 g, Menthae Herba 3.2 g, Mori Folium 10 g, Chrysanthemi Flos 4 g, Platycodi Radix 8 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 3.2 g, Phragmitis Rhizoma 8 g
T206 55313-55547 Sentence denotes Yin Qiao San Lonicerae Flos 40 g, Forsythiae Fructus 40 g, Platycodi Radix 24 g, Menthae Herba 24 g, Arctii Semen 24 g, Glycine Semen Preparatum 20 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 20 g, Lophatheri Herba 16 g, Schizonepetae Spica 16 g
T207 55548-55761 Sentence denotes Gegen Jieji Tang Puerariae Radix 12 g, Ephedrae Herba 8 g, Scutellariae Radix 8 g, Paeoniae Radix 6 g, Cinnamomi Ramulus 4 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 3.2 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus 4 g, Zizyphi Fructus 4 g
T208 55762-56061 Sentence denotes Daochi Jiangqi Tang Rehmanniae Radix Crudus 12 g, Akebiae Caulis 8 g, Scrophulariae Radix 6 g, Trichosanthis Semen 6 g, Angelicae Decursivae Radix 4 g, Osterici Radix 4 g, Araliae Continentalis Radix 4 g, Schizonepetae Spica 4 g, Poria Sclerotium 4 g, Saposhnikoviae Radix 4 g, Alismatis Rhizoma 4 g
T209 56062-56439 Sentence denotes Qingjin Jianghuo Tang Citri Unshius Pericarpium 6 g, Armeniacae Semen 6 g, Poria Sclerotium 4 g, Pinelliae Tuber 4 g, Platycodi Radix 4 g, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus 4 g, Angelicae Decursivae Radix 4 g, Trichosanthis Semen 4 g, Scutellariae Radix 4 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 4 g, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus 3.2 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 1.2 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus 4 g
T210 56440-56992 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Gan Shi Tang) + Qianjin Weijing Tang + Xiao Xianxiong Tang Ephedrae Herba 5 g, Armeniacae Semen 10 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 20 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 10 g, Phragmitis Rhizoma 20 g, Benincasae Pericarpium 15 g, Coicis Semen 20 g, Persicae Semen 10 g, Trichosanthis Pericarpium 10 g, Scutellariae Radix 10 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 10 g, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 5–10 g, Paeoniae Radix 10 g, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus 10 g, Arecae Semen 10 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 15 g, Perillae Folium 10 g, Platycodi Radix 10 g, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma 10 g
T211 56993-57486 Sentence denotes Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang + Qing qi Huatan Tang Ephedrae Herba 9 g, Armeniacae Semen 10 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30–50 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 10 g, Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus 15 g, Trichosanthis Fructus 15 g, Scutellariae Radix 15 g, Platycodi Radix 15 g, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus 15 g, Poria Sclerotium 20 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 15 g, Houttuyniae Herba 30 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba 15 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 15 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 10 g
T212 57487-57848 Sentence denotes Dampness Huoxiang Zhengqi San Agastachis Herba 6 g, Perillae Folium 4 g, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix 2 g, Arecae Pericarpium 2 g, Poria Sclerotium 2 g, Magnoliae Cortex 2 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba 2 g, Citri Unshius Pericarpium 2 g, Pinelliae Tuber 2 g, Platycodi Radix 2 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 2 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus 4 g, Zizyphi Fructus 4 g
T213 57849-58097 Sentence denotes Huo Po Xia Ling Tang Coicis Semen 16 g, Poria Sclerotium 12 g, Armeniacae Semen 12 g, Glycine Semen Preparatum 12 g, Agastachis Herba 8 g, Pinelliae Tuber 6 g, Polyporus 6 g, Alismatis Rhizoma 6 g, Magnoliae Cortex 4 g, Amomi Fructus Rotundus 2.4 g
T214 58098-58417 Sentence denotes Da Yuan Yin Arecae Semen 10 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 10 g, Magnoliae Cortex 10 g, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma 10 g, Scutellariae Radix 10 g, Bupleuri Radix 10 g, Paeoniae Radix Rubra 10 g, Forsythiae Fructus 15 g, Artemisiae Annuae Herba 10 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10 g, Isatidis Folium 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 5 g
T215 58418-58837 Sentence denotes Yin Qiao San + San Ren Tang Lonicerae Flos 15 g, Forsythiae Fructus 15 g, Platycodi Radix 10 g, Arctii Semen 10 g, Phragmitis Rhizoma 20 g, Menthae Herba 10 g, Armeniacae Semen 10 g, Amomi Fructus Rotundus 6 g, Coicis Semen 20 g, Tetrapanacis Medulla 10 g, Paeoniae Radix 10 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 10 g, Talcum 20 g, Arecae Semen 10 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 5 g, Scutellariae Radix 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 5 g
T216 58838-59232 Sentence denotes Cold-Dampness Obstructing the Lung Gegen Jieji Tang + Buhuanjin Zhengqi San Puerariae Radix 12 g, Ephedrae Herba 8 g, Scutellariae Radix 8 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 8 g, Paeoniae Radix 6 g, Cinnamomi Ramulus 4 g, Agastachis Herba 4 g, Pinelliae Tuber 4 g, Citri Unshius Pericarpium 4 g, Magnoliae Cortex 4 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 3.2 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus 4 g, Zizyphi Fructus 4 g
T217 59233-59580 Sentence denotes Dampness-Heat Obstructing the Lung Xiao Chaihu Tang + Buhuanjin Zhengqi San Bupleuri Radix 12 g, Scutellariae Radix 8 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 8 g, Pinelliae Tuber 4 g, Ginseng Radix 4 g, Agastachis Herba 4 g, Citri Unshius Pericarpium 4 g, Magnoliae Cortex 4 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 2 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus 4 g, Zizyphi Fructus 4 g
T218 59581-59583 Sentence denotes 


T219 59584-59590 Sentence denotes Severe
T220 59591-60114 Sentence denotes No specific PI Qingfei Paidu Tang Ephedrae Herba 9 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6 g, Armeniacae Amarum Semen 9 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 15–30 g, Cinnamomi Ramulus 9 g, Alismatis Rhizoma 9 g, Polyporus 9 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 9 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Bupleuri Radix16g, Scutellariae Radix 6 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 9 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 9 g, Asteris Radix 9 g, Belamcandae Rhizoma 9 g, Asari Herba 6 g, Dioscoreae Rhizoma 12 g, Aurantii Fructus 6 g, Citri Unshius Pericarpium 6 g, Agastachis Herba 9 g
T221 60115-60531 Sentence denotes Toxin Blocking the Lung Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang aEphedrae Herba 6 g, Armeniacae Amarum Semen 9 g, Gypsum Fibrosum 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 3 g, Agastachis Herba 10 g, Magnoliae Cortex 10 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 15 g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 10 g, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum 9 g, Poria Sclerotium 15 g, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 5 g, Astragali Radix 10 g, Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen 10 g, Paeoniae Radix 10 g
T222 60532-60685 Sentence denotes Toxin Blocking the Lung Shen Fu Tang + Su He Xiang Pill Ginseng Radix 15 g, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata 10 g, Corni Fructus 15 g, Su He Xiang Pill
T223 60686-60688 Sentence denotes 


T224 60689-60697 Sentence denotes Recovery
T225 60698-61162 Sentence denotes No specific PI Shen Zhu Jianpi Tang + Shengmai San Liriopis Tuber 8 g, Ginseng Radix 4 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba 4 g, Poria Sclerotium 4 g, Crataegi Fructus 4 g, Citri Unshius Pericarpium 4 g, Magnoliae Cortex 4 g, Schisandrae Fructus 4 g, Paeoniae Radix 3.2 g, Ponciri Fructus Immaturus 3.2 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 2 g, Hordei Fructus Germinatus 2 g, Amomi Fructus 2 g, Massa Medicata Fermentata 2 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus 4 g, Zizyphi Fructus 4 g
T226 61163-61794 Sentence denotes No specific PI Shen Zhu Jianpi Tang + Qingshu Yiqi Tang Atractylodis Rhizoma 6 g, Poria Sclerotium 4 g, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba 3 g, Crataegi Fructus 4 g, Ginseng Radix 3 g, Citri Unshius Pericarpium 3 g, Magnoliae Cortex 4 g, Cimicifugae Rhizoma 4 g, Astragali Radix 4 g, Paeoniae Radix 3.2 g, Ponciri Fructus Immaturus 3.2 g, Alismatis Rhizoma 2 g, Puerariae Radix 2 g, Angelicae Gigantis Radix 2 g, Liriopis Tuber 2 g, Citri Unshius Pericarpium Immaturus 2 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 2 g, Hordei Fructus Germinatus 2 g, Amomi Fructus 2 g, Massa Medicata Fermentata 2 g, Phellodendri Cortex 1.2 g, Schisandrae Fructus 9 g
T227 61795-61939 Sentence denotes a Name of the herbal formula is originally not reported, and the authors named them based on Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula.
T228 61940-62068 Sentence denotes Among the Chinese guidelines, we also found that most of the herbal formulae were recommended once in the respective guidelines.
T229 62069-62205 Sentence denotes However, 17 herbal formulae were recommended several times by different guidelines, with a slight difference in the herbal compositions.
T230 62206-62470 Sentence denotes The herbal formulae with the highest frequency of recommendation were the herbal formula of Shen Fu Tang with Su He Xiang Pill or Angong Niuhuang Pill in the severe stage and the combined formula of Xiang Sha Liu Junzi Tang and Li Zhong Pill in the recovery stage.
T231 62471-62675 Sentence denotes In particular, Angong Niuhuang Pill, Zhi Bao Dan, Zi Xue San, and Su He Xiang Pill were the only prescriptions that were not required in the form of decoction and were only prescribed in the severe stage.
T232 62676-62994 Sentence denotes On the other hand, the herbal formula of Qingfei Paidu Tang, which is a combination of 4 different herbal formulae with 21 herbs (Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4), was recommended by the Chinese national diagnosis and treatment guidelines in the treatment of COVID-19 regardless of disease stage or regional status.
T233 62995-63105 Sentence denotes This herbal formula was also recommended for the treatment of severe stage in the Korean guidelines (Table 5).
T234 63106-63265 Sentence denotes In addition, the frequency of the herbs used in the herbal formulae recommended by the Chinese guidelines for every stage and in total were computed (Fig. 1 ).
T235 63266-63403 Sentence denotes The results showed that these formulae contain 12 herbs with a frequency of use 30 or more times in the treatment formulae in all stages.
T236 63404-63560 Sentence denotes Both Armeniacae Semen Amarum and Ephedrae Herba were found to be the top 10 herbs with the highest frequency of use in the mild, moderate and severe stages.
T237 63561-63694 Sentence denotes The Gypsum Fibrosum and Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen were also the top 10 most common herbs used in the moderate and severe stages.
T238 63695-63850 Sentence denotes In addition, Agastachis Herba, Forsythiae Fructus, Atractylodis Rhizoma, and Scutellariae Radix were also highly used in both the mild and moderate stages.
T239 63851-63972 Sentence denotes Notably, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma was found in the top 10 herbs with the highest usage frequency in all four stages.
T240 63973-64039 Sentence denotes It was also the herb with the highest frequency of usage in total.
T241 64040-64231 Sentence denotes Fig. 1 Frequency of commonly used herbs in the herbal formulae for treating patients with COVID-19 in (A) mild stage; (B) moderate stage; (C) severe stage; (D) recovery stage; (E) all stages.
T242 64233-64246 Sentence denotes 4 Discussion
T243 64247-64422 Sentence denotes In this review, we systematically summarized and analyzed all the herbal formulae provided by the guidelines according to their pattern identification and herbal compositions.
T244 64423-64743 Sentence denotes The Chinese medicine herbs used for the prevention of COVID-19 based on 23 provincial guidelines issued in mainland China were reviewed and analyzed in a recent publication.5 With reference to it, but in contrast, our review focused on the traditional medicine treatment measures recommended by all available guidelines.
T245 64744-64957 Sentence denotes We extended our search of guidelines to nearby countries and reviewed guidelines issued by mainland China (25 provincial guidelines and 1 national guideline) and South Korea to conduct a more comprehensive review.
T246 64958-65150 Sentence denotes For the frequency analysis of herbs used in every Chinese guideline for COVID-19, each stage has several herbs that were not shown in the list of top 10 frequently used herbs for other stages.
T247 65151-65255 Sentence denotes For instance, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex and Platycodonis Radix could only be seen for the mild stage.
T248 65256-65431 Sentence denotes Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex is often prescribed for the treatment of various gastrointestinal problems, such as fullness in the stomach, vomiting, and diarrhea from dampness.
T249 65432-65737 Sentence denotes Platycodonis Radix is usually prescribed for coughs with excessive phlegm and sore throat due to exogenous pathogens.16 It could be inferred that gastrointestinal symptoms due to dampness and sore throat as well as coughing with sputum are the primary clinical manifestation in the mild stage of COVID-19.
T250 65738-65886 Sentence denotes The active components contained in these 2 herbs also showed anti-inflammatory benefits in the in vivo studies of the acute lung injury model.17, 18
T251 65887-66031 Sentence denotes In the severe stage, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were identified to be frequently used but not in other stages.
T252 66032-66136 Sentence denotes This could be due to the extreme PIs and clinical manifestations that are only found in severe patients.
T253 66137-66433 Sentence denotes Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata is known to treat heart failure and has anti-asthmatic and anti-epileptic properties.19, 20 The combination of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is also highly compatible, and this combination is often used in various herbal formulae.
T254 66434-66564 Sentence denotes As these herbs have a certain degree of toxicity, they have to be used in caution and preferably are reserved for extreme cases.21
T255 66565-66639 Sentence denotes Moreover, there are 4 herbal medicines available only in the severe stage.
T256 66640-66764 Sentence denotes Angong Niuhuang Pill, Zhi Bao Dan, Zi Xue San, and Su He Xiang Pill played a significant role in the severe stage treatment.
T257 66765-66987 Sentence denotes Angong Niuhuang Pill, Zhi Bao Dan, Zi Xue San belongs to the First Aid Three Treasures of Chinese Medicine22, which is cold in nature and is used when the patient loses consciousness due to infectious disease-induced heat.
T258 66988-67127 Sentence denotes In contrast, Su He Xiang Pill is an aromatic warm-natured medicine and is used when the patient loses consciousness due to a cold pathogen.
T259 67128-67346 Sentence denotes All 4 herbal medicines were prescribed in different conditions of extremely severe or critical stages based on the patients’ clinical manifestation, and they shared the same therapeutic principle to clear the orifices.
T260 67347-67572 Sentence denotes Pinelliae Praeparatum cum Zingiberis and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were only identified in the list of frequently used herbs in the recovery stage where patients may suffer from white and thin phlegm after their recovery.
T261 67573-67868 Sentence denotes Pinelliae Praeparatum cum Zingiberis and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium are major components of the herbal formula Er Chen Tang, which is usually prescribed to clear phlegm and dampness.16 Another herb, Ophiopogonis Radix, is conventionally used for nourishing yin and promoting fluid production.
T262 67869-67997 Sentence denotes This herb is prescribed for dry cough caused by yin deficiency and is especially suitable for patients in the recovered stage.16
T263 67998-68107 Sentence denotes Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the herb with the highest frequency use overall regardless of disease stage.
T264 68108-68218 Sentence denotes It is one of the antiviral herbal medicine which is approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA).
T265 68219-68520 Sentence denotes Many studies have reported that this herb inhibits viral attachment, entry and replication, which is previously used in combating SARS.23, 24 Moreover, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma also has an anti-inflammatory quality which is suitable for the treatment of inflammatory lung condition in COVID-19.25
T266 68521-68613 Sentence denotes The herbal formula Qingfei Paidu Tang was recommended by both Chinese and Korean guidelines.
T267 68614-68684 Sentence denotes In the Chinese guidelines, this formula is recommended for all stages.
T268 68685-68865 Sentence denotes According to a recent publication,26 this herbal formula increases immunology and reduces inflammation by targeting the lung and spleen, which are the disease pathways of COVID-19.
T269 68866-68968 Sentence denotes However, the herb Farfarae Flos was removed in the Korean guidelines due to its safety and toxicity.27
T270 68969-69005 Sentence denotes This review has several limitations.
T271 69006-69115 Sentence denotes First, the results of this review were obtained after standardizing the terms of the PIs and herbal formulae.
T272 69116-69200 Sentence denotes Therefore, there might be a difference in the terms used in the provided guidelines.
T273 69201-69336 Sentence denotes Second, this review does not include any direct evidence on the efficacy of traditional medicine in the clinical treatment of COVID-19.
T274 69337-69513 Sentence denotes The results provided by this review are a summary of the traditional medicine guidelines, which can only be considered as guidance, and clinical verification is still required.
T275 69514-69748 Sentence denotes Third, although this review summarized the most recent version of the national and provincial guidelines available up to March 6, 2020, the guidelines issued on COVID-19 by the Chinese government are constantly and frequently updated.
T276 69749-69853 Sentence denotes In conclusion, this review can be used as a reference in the traditional medicine treatment of COVID-19.
T277 69854-69977 Sentence denotes Clinical studies are required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional medicine and to provide clinical evidence.
T278 69978-70121 Sentence denotes The integration of traditional medicine into conventional treatment may be an alternative approach for the treatment of COVID-19 in the future.
T279 70123-70153 Sentence denotes Appendix I Supplementary data
T280 70154-70207 Sentence denotes The following are Supplementary data to this article:
T281 70209-70223 Sentence denotes Acknowledgment
T282 70224-70347 Sentence denotes The authors thank the American Journal Experts for offering free editing services for this paper as an article on COVID-19.
T283 70348-70371 Sentence denotes Supplementary Table S1.
T284 70372-70539 Sentence denotes English and Chinese terms of pattern identification, herbal formulae and herbs name can be found in the online version, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2020.100407.