LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7103735 / 17085-19660 JSONTXT 13 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T141 0-57 Sentence denotes Bats as a reservoir of emerging viral pathogens of humans
T142 58-264 Sentence denotes As the only flying mammals, bats are known as a natural reservoir of various human pathogenic viruses including but not limited to rabies virus, Nipah and Hendra viruses, Ebola virus, and influenza viruses.
T143 265-358 Sentence denotes They can directly transmit rabies virus, Nipah and Hendra viruses, and Ebola virus to humans.
T144 359-483 Sentence denotes Ebola virus might also be transmitted to humans indirectly through fruits contaminated by fruit bats in the African forests.
T145 484-675 Sentence denotes Due to large geographical distribution and great diversity of bat species, a large number of bat CoVs can be created through inter-genus and inter-species transmission and recombination [38].
T146 676-805 Sentence denotes CoV-infected bats are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms suggesting that CoVs and bats are mutually adapted to high degrees [38].
T147 806-883 Sentence denotes Particularly, bats are well adapted to CoVs anatomically and physiologically.
T148 884-1039 Sentence denotes First, a high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from the high metabolic activity may suppress CoV replication in bats to a manageable level.
T149 1040-1162 Sentence denotes Second, degeneration of inflammatory sensors and NF-κB signalling pathway in bats attenuates virus-induced pathology [39].
T150 1163-1233 Sentence denotes Particularly, NLRP3 inflammasome activation is defective in bats [40].
T151 1234-1424 Sentence denotes Third, constitutively active type I and III interferon production and innate immune response suppress viral replication through the persistent expression of interferon-stimulated genes [41].
T152 1425-1532 Sentence denotes It has been speculated that endogenous retroviruses in bats help to sustain interferon stimulation in bats.
T153 1533-1682 Sentence denotes On the other hand, STING signalling is defective in bats and this might lead to selective repression of a subset of interferon-stimulated genes [42].
T154 1683-1890 Sentence denotes Finally, upregulation of inhibitory natural killer cell receptor NKG2/CD94 and low expression level of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in bats may hinder natural killer cell activity [43].
T155 1891-2003 Sentence denotes All these unique features empower bats to survive CoV infection and to co-exist with a large number of bat CoVs.
T156 2004-2133 Sentence denotes Moreover, a high metabolic rate in bats may provide the selection pressure for the generation of highly pathogenic virus strains.
T157 2134-2219 Sentence denotes High ROS level in bats is mutagenic by affecting proofreading of CoV polymerase [38].
T158 2220-2368 Sentence denotes More pathogenic CoV strains may be generated by recombination, leading to the acquirement of novel proteins or protein features for host adaptation.
T159 2369-2418 Sentence denotes Bats have an average life span of >25 years [38].
T160 2419-2575 Sentence denotes The long life span and the possible establishment of persistent virus infection in bats increase the chance for cross-species transmission of bat CoVs [38].