Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T57 |
0-63 |
Sentence |
denotes |
SARS-CoV-2 is caused by a novel enveloped RNA beta-coronavirus. |
T58 |
64-293 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Seven species of these beta-coronaviruses are known to cause human infections, with four mainly causing mild flulike symptoms and the remaining three resulting in potentially fatal illnesses (SARS, MERS and the ongoing COVID-19). |
T59 |
294-412 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Although respiratory tract is the primary target for SARS-CoV-2, CV system may get involved in several different ways. |
T60 |
413-502 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Following are the common mechanisms responsible for CV complications in COVID-19 [3,4]-1. |
T61 |
504-691 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Direct myocardial injury- SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a membrane bound aminopeptidase which is highly expressed in heart and lungs. |
T62 |
692-819 |
Sentence |
denotes |
ACE2 plays an important role in neurohumoral regulation of CV system in normal health as well as in various disease conditions. |
T63 |
820-957 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 can result in alteration of ACE2 signaling pathways, leading to acute myocardial and lung injury [3,4]. |
T64 |
958-960 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2. |
T65 |
962-1169 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Systemic inflammation- More severe forms of COVID-19 are characterized by acute systemic inflammatory response and cytokine storm, which can result in injury to multiple organs leading to multiorgan failure. |
T66 |
1170-1290 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Studies have shown high circulatory levels of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with severe/critical COVID-19 [5,6]. |
T67 |
1291-1293 |
Sentence |
denotes |
3. |
T68 |
1295-1556 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Altered myocardial demand-supply ratio- Increased cardiometabolic demand associated with the systemic infection coupled with hypoxia caused by acute respiratory illness can impair myocardial oxygen demand-supply relationship and lead to acute myocardial injury. |
T69 |
1557-1559 |
Sentence |
denotes |
4. |
T70 |
1561-1766 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Plaque rupture and coronary thrombosis- Systemic inflammation as well as increased shear stress due to increased coronary blood flow can precipitate plaque rupture resulting in acute myocardial infarction. |
T71 |
1767-1848 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Prothrombotic milieu created by systemic inflammation further increases the risk. |
T72 |
1849-1851 |
Sentence |
denotes |
5. |
T73 |
1853-2030 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Adverse effects of various therapies- Various antiviral drugs, corticosteroids and other therapies aimed at treating COVID-19 can also have deleterious effects on the CV system. |
T74 |
2031-2033 |
Sentence |
denotes |
6. |
T75 |
2035-2204 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Electrolyte imbalances- Electrolyte imbalances can occur in any critical systemic illness and precipitate arrhythmias, esp. in patients with underlying cardiac disorder. |
T76 |
2205-2343 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There is particular concern about hypokalemia in COVID-19, due to interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system [7]. |
T77 |
2344-2408 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Hypokalemia increases vulnerability to various tachyarrhythmias. |