Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T24 |
0-205 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The emergence of novel coronavirus, officially known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has presented an unprecedented challenge for the healthcare community across the world. |
T25 |
206-410 |
Sentence |
denotes |
High infectivity, ability to get transmitted even during asymptomatic phase and relatively low virulence have resulted in rapid transmission of this virus beyond geographic regions, leading to a pandemic. |
T26 |
411-555 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The first case of this disease, known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019), occurred on December 8, 2019 in the Hubei province of China [1]. |
T27 |
556-798 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Since then, within a short span of just over 3 months, the infection has spread to 177 countries/area/territories across the world, with 266073 confirmed cases and 11184 deaths (World Health Organization statistics as on March 21, 2020) [2] . |
T28 |
799-864 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Table 1 Cardiovascular complications in coronavirus disease 2019. |
T29 |
865-896 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Manifestation Incidence Remarks |
T30 |
897-1095 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Acute cardiac injury∗ (most commonly defined as elevation of cardiac troponin I above 99th percentile upper reference limit) 8–12% on average [10] • Most commonly reported cardiovascular abnormality |
T31 |
1096-1171 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Can result from any of the following mechanisms-•Direct myocardial injury |
T32 |
1172-1194 |
Sentence |
denotes |
•Systemic inflammation |
T33 |
1195-1236 |
Sentence |
denotes |
•Myocardial oxygen demand supply mismatch |
T34 |
1237-1258 |
Sentence |
denotes |
•Acute coronary event |
T35 |
1259-1270 |
Sentence |
denotes |
•Iatrogenic |
T36 |
1271-1304 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Strong adverse prognostic value |
T37 |
1305-1442 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Acute coronary event Not reported, but appears to be low Potential mechanisms-• Plaque rupture due to inflammation/increased shear stress |
T38 |
1443-1496 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Aggravation of pre-existing coronary artery disease |
T39 |
1497-1663 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction Not reported Any of the causes of myocardial dysfunction mentioned above can lead to acute left ventricular systolic dysfunction |
T40 |
1664-1868 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Heart failure Reported in one study- 52% in those who died, 12% in those who recovered and were discharged [5] • Any of the causes of myocardial dysfunction mentioned above can lead to acute heart failure |
T41 |
1869-1987 |
Sentence |
denotes |
• Increased metabolic demand of a systemic disease can cause acute decompensation of pre-existing stable heart failure |
T42 |
1988-2142 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Arrhythmia 16.7% overall; 44.4 in severe illness, 8.9% in mild cases [8] Both tachyarrhythmia and bradyarrhythmia can occur but exact nature not described |
T43 |
2143-2248 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Potential long-term consequences Too early to assess Too early to ascertain for coronavirus disease 2019. |
T44 |
2249-2457 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, patients recovering from a similar earlier illness- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- continued to have long-term abnormalities of lipid and glucose metabolism and of cardiovascular homeostasis [12] |
T45 |
2458-2688 |
Sentence |
denotes |
∗ Acute cardiac injury is a non-specific term with significant overlap with other cardiovascular manifestations; however, it is listed here because of how reporting has been done in most of the studies on coronavirus disease 2019. |