Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T121 |
0-28 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.3 Management implications |
T122 |
29-210 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The overall management principles for patients presenting with COVID-19 who develop CV complications or who have pre-existing CVD are same as for any other patient without COVID-19. |
T123 |
211-279 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, there are a few important points that need consideration-1. |
T124 |
280-400 |
Sentence |
denotes |
As caregivers, it is our utmost responsibility to protect ourselves from getting infected while managing these patients. |
T125 |
401-525 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Therefore, all heathcare personnel engaged in the care of COVID-19 patients must observe necessary precautions at all times. |
T126 |
526-676 |
Sentence |
denotes |
All of them should be trained in donning, usage, and doffing of the personal protective equipment in accordance with the existing practice guidelines. |
T127 |
677-679 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2. |
T128 |
680-840 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The hospital systems need to ensure preparedness for dealing with large volume of COVID-19 patients, many of whom would need ICU care and/or acute cardiac care. |
T129 |
841-1000 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Appropriate protocols for rapid diagnosis, triage, isolation, and management of COVID-19 patients with CV complications should be developed and well-rehearsed. |
T130 |
1001-1169 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Rapid triaging and management of these patients is crucial, not only to allow efficient utilization of healthcare resources but also to minimize exposure to caregivers. |
T131 |
1170-1324 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There are already reports highlighting delays in delivering acute cardiac care due to extra precautions that need to be observed in view of COVID-19 [14]. |
T132 |
1325-1372 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Efforts should be made to minimize such delays. |
T133 |
1373-1375 |
Sentence |
denotes |
3. |
T134 |
1376-1516 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Strong emphasis should be placed on avoiding unwarranted diagnostic tests (e.g. cardiac troponin, echocardiography, etc.) in these patients. |
T135 |
1517-1750 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This is required to minimize unwarranted downstream diagnostic/therapeutic procedures which would further strain the already stretched healthcare resources and would also subject caregivers to added risk of exposure to the infection. |
T136 |
1751-1913 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The American College of Cardiology has released an advisory discouraging random measurement of cardiac biomarkers such as troponins and natriuretic peptides [15]. |
T137 |
1914-2078 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It urges all the clinicians to reserve these assays for circumstances in which they would actually meaningfully add to the management of the patients with COVID-19. |
T138 |
2079-2216 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The American Society of Echocardiography has also issued a similar advisory regarding the use of echocardiography in these patients [16]. |
T139 |
2217-2219 |
Sentence |
denotes |
4. |
T140 |
2220-2431 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The individual hospitals may also have to reconsider risk-benefit ratio of primary percutaneous intervention vs fibrinolysis in patients with COVID-19 who present with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. |
T141 |
2432-2434 |
Sentence |
denotes |
5. |
T142 |
2435-2583 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There has been a concern regarding the safety of ACE inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. |
T143 |
2584-2680 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These agents upregulate expression of ACE2 in various tissues, including on cardiomyocytes [17]. |
T144 |
2681-2905 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Since SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 to gain entry into human cells, there is a potentially increased risk of developing COVID-19 or developing more severe disease in patients who are already on background treatment with ACEi/ARB. |
T145 |
2906-2996 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, to date, no experimental or clinical data have emerged to support these concerns. |
T146 |
2997-3073 |
Sentence |
denotes |
At the same time, the risks of discontinuing these therapies are well known. |
T147 |
3074-3252 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Therefore, several leading professional societies have strongly urged to not discontinue clinically-indicated ACEi/ARB therapy in the event the patient develops COVID-19 [18,19]. |
T148 |
3253-3255 |
Sentence |
denotes |
6. |
T149 |
3256-3413 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Clinicians caring for these patients also need to be fully aware of the potential CV side-effects of various therapies used for treating the viral infection. |
T150 |
3414-3575 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Additionally, various anti-retroviral drugs have significant interactions with cardiac drugs, which need to be considered and appropriate dose modification done. |
T151 |
3576-3727 |
Sentence |
denotes |
More recently, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and azathioprine have been proposed as potential therapeutic options, based on preliminary evidence [20]. |
T152 |
3728-3842 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Both these drugs are known to prolong QT interval and due caution must be exercised when prescribing these agents. |
T153 |
3843-4125 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Their combination is best avoided and even when using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine alone, daily electrocardiogram for monitoring QT interval is warranted, esp. in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction and in those receiving another drug with potential to prolong QT interval. |