Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T125 |
0-26 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Discussion and conclusions |
T126 |
27-83 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We used some parameter estimates from (He et al., 2013). |
T127 |
84-257 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The estimates were obtained via fitting a mechanistic model to the observed weekly influenza and pneumonia mortality in England and Wales during the 1918 influenza pandemic. |
T128 |
258-314 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Recent studies showed that COVID-19 transmitted rapidly. |
T129 |
315-371 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In this regard, it resembles influenza rather than SARS. |
T130 |
372-563 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In our 1918 influenza work (He et al., 2013), we built a similar model as we introduced here, and we fitted that model to weekly influenza and pneumonia mortality in 334 administrative units. |
T131 |
564-709 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Note that 1918 influenza had an infection-fatality-rate of 2%, which was at the same level of the case-fatality-rate of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. |
T132 |
710-945 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The merit of our model is that we considered some essential elements, including individual behavioural response, governmental actions, zoonotic transmission and emigration of a large proportion of the population in a short time period. |
T133 |
946-1062 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Meanwhile, our model is relatively simple and our estimates are in line with previous studies (Imai et al., 2020, P. |
T134 |
1063-1080 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Wu et al., 2020). |
T135 |
1081-1162 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thus, our model should be considered as a baseline model for further improvement. |
T136 |
1163-1213 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We avoid to fit model to data in conventional way. |
T137 |
1214-1296 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Instead, we use a simple model framework to discuss what elements might be needed. |
T138 |
1297-1571 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For instance, in order to achieve a good fitting performance, one obviously needs to include a time-varying report rate (as we reconstructed in Figure 4b), which was caused by the availability of medical supplies, hospital capacities and changing testing/reporting policies. |
T139 |
1572-1692 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thus it would be challenging given a relatively short time series, and several other unknown parameters to be estimated. |
T140 |
1693-1880 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We employ some parameter estimates from the 1918 influenza pandemic, given the similar characteristics of COVID-19 and influenza (most cases are mild) and the similar level of mitigation. |
T141 |
1881-2076 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Transmission from asymptotically infected cases is reported but the contribution of asymptomatic transmission is unclear (presumably small), which shall be further investigated in future studies. |
T142 |
2077-2150 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In this work, we focused on the transmission of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. |
T143 |
2151-2308 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Our conceptual framework can be applied to other cities/countries, or be built into one multiple-patch model for modelling multiple cities/countries context. |
T144 |
2309-2412 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Our model can be fitted to daily data when more information (e.g., daily number of tests) is available. |