| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T24 |
0-84 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Skin problems related to personal protective equipment and personal hygiene measures |
| T25 |
85-336 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The skin complications in the COVID-19 infection were initially due to the hyperhydration effect of personal protective equipment (PPE), friction, epidermal barrier breakdown, and contact reactions, all of which may aggravate an existing skin disease. |
| T26 |
337-586 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The dermatologic manifestations are far different from those recorded during the influenza epidemic of 1918 to 1919.6 Erythema, papules, maceration, and scaling are the most commonly reported skin changes caused by extended wear of PPE6 (Figure 1 ). |
| T27 |
587-656 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Clinical manifestations have included burning, itching, and stinging. |
| T28 |
657-756 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Such findings have been attributed to the use of PPE in 97.0% of 542 frontline health care workers. |
| T29 |
757-1270 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The most commonly affected skin sites were the nasal bridge (83% due to the use of protective goggles but not the hygiene mask), cheeks, forehead, and hands.6 The prolonged contact with masks and goggles may cause a variety of cutaneous diseases, ranging from contact and pressure urticaria or contact dermatitis to aggravation of preexisting dermatides.4 A former study pointed out that more than one-third of health care workers complained of acne, facial itching, and even dermatitis from wearing an N95 mask.7 |
| T30 |
1271-1481 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Fig. 1 Facial erythema and papules accompanied by burning and itching in a 42-year-old female patient who disinfected her face with 60% ethanol 5 times daily and used a protective facial mask for 6 hours a day. |
| T31 |
1482-1827 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The use of protective hats and the accompanying occlusions may induce pruritus and folliculitis or exacerbate seborrheic dermatitis.4 The long-term use of protective gloves leads to occlusion and a hyperhydration state of the epidermis clinically observable as maceration and erosions,4 possibly leading to the development of contact dermatitis. |
| T32 |
1828-2038 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Exaggerated hand washing with detergents/disinfectants can impair the hydrolipid mantle of the skin surface and may also be responsible for irritation and even the development of contact dermatitis (Figure 2 ). |
| T33 |
2039-2165 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Two-thirds of health care workers will wash their hands over 10 times a day, but only 22% are applying skin protective cream.7 |
| T34 |
2166-2280 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Fig. 2 Hand dermatitis resulting from excessive hand washing as a preventive measure in the COVID-19 transmission. |
| T35 |
2281-2633 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The atopic diathesis, low humidity, frequency of hand washing, wet work, glove use, and duration of employment are important risk factors for the development and/or aggravation of hand dermatitis.6 In terms of contact dermatitis prevention, we recommend applying skin protective cream frequently, especially after hand washing and before applying PPE.4 |
