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PMC:7096777 JSONTXT 24 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-169 Sentence denotes Rapidly increasing cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the European Union/European Economic Area and the United Kingdom, 1 January to 15 March 2020
T2 171-179 Sentence denotes Abstract
T3 180-477 Sentence denotes The cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases is showing similar trends in European Union/European Economic Area countries and the United Kingdom confirming that, while at a different stage depending on the country, the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in all countries.
T4 478-695 Sentence denotes Based on the experience from Italy, countries, hospitals and intensive care units should increase their preparedness for a surge of patients with COVID-19 who will require healthcare, and in particular intensive care.
T5 697-813 Sentence denotes On 31 December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
T6 814-1027 Sentence denotes On 9 January 2020, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported the causative agent as being a novel coronavirus now referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1].
T7 1028-1129 Sentence denotes Since, the illness resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection has been named coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
T8 1130-1304 Sentence denotes Evidence to date is that ca 80% of individuals with COVID-19 have a mild disease, i.e. a respiratory tract infection with or without pneumonia, and most of these recover [1].
T9 1305-1475 Sentence denotes In ca 14% cases, COVID-19 develops into a more severe disease requiring hospitalisation while the remaining 6% cases experience critical illness requiring intensive care.
T10 1476-1544 Sentence denotes The mortality of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 is ca 4% [1].
T11 1545-1762 Sentence denotes In this study, we assess the trends in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in each European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) country and the United Kingdom (UK) and compare them to that of Hubei Province, China.
T12 1763-1898 Sentence denotes We also compare the current number of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK with that in Italy during 31 January–15 March 2020.
T13 1900-1945 Sentence denotes COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK
T14 1946-2123 Sentence denotes Subsequent to China, COVID-19 underwent further geographical spread and the dynamic of the COVID-19 pandemic in the rest of the world currently follows that of this country [2].
T15 2124-2235 Sentence denotes On 11 March 2020, the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic [3].
T16 2236-2397 Sentence denotes In the 5 March issue of Eurosurveillance 2020, Spiteri et al. reported on the first European confirmed COVID-19 cases according to the WHO case definition [4,5].
T17 2398-2547 Sentence denotes In the EU/EEA, the first three confirmed cases were reported by France on 24 January 2020 in persons returning from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China [2].
T18 2548-2824 Sentence denotes As at 15 March 2020, COVID-19 cases had been detected in all 30 EU/EEA countries and the United Kingdom (UK) [6], whereby between 31 December 2019 and that date included, 39,768 cases and 1,727 deaths had been reported, with 17,750 cases and 1,441 deaths from Italy alone [6].
T19 2826-2896 Sentence denotes Obtaining cumulative number and cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases
T20 2897-3190 Sentence denotes At the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the notified COVID-19 case counts in each country worldwide, obtained from only official sources such as the countries’ Ministry of Health, national and regional health authorities and the WHO, are updated each day at 8:00 a.m.
T21 3191-3307 Sentence denotes These data were used for assessing the trends of COVID-19 in EU/EEA and the UK, and comparing them to that in Italy.
T22 3308-3572 Sentence denotes As a proxy of the prevalence of active COVID-19 cases, we calculated the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases, thus taking into account the natural course of COVID-19, in each EU/EEA country and the UK, during the 1 January–15 March 2020 period.
T23 3573-3745 Sentence denotes We also presented the cumulative number of notified cases of each country as at 15 March 2020 8:00 a.m. compared with that of Italy for the 31 January–15 March 2020 period.
T24 3747-3796 Sentence denotes Trends of COVID-19 in EU/EEA countries and the UK
T25 3797-3963 Sentence denotes The trends in the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK generally followed that of Hubei Province (China) (Figure 1).
T26 3964-4151 Sentence denotes For the EU/EEA and the UK overall, the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 started to increase around 21 February and then increased sharply around 28 February 2020 (Supplementary material).
T27 4152-4381 Sentence denotes This was mostly driven by the rapid increase in the number of reported cases from Italy, but all other EU/EEA countries and the UK showed similar increasing trends of the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 (Supplementary material).
T28 4382-4537 Sentence denotes Figure 2 shows the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases, in EU/EEA countries and the UK compared with that in Italy for the 31 January–15 March 2020 period.
T29 4538-4721 Sentence denotes It highlights that, as at 15 March 8:00 a.m., 15 other EU/EEA countries and the UK had already reported a total number of cases comparable to that of Italy just 3 weeks prior or less.
T30 4722-5061 Sentence denotes Figure 1 Time distribution of the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 for (A) 14-day truncated cumulative incidence ≥ 4.0 cases per 100,000 population and > 30 notified casesa and (B) 14-day truncated cumulative incidence < 4.0 cases per 100,000 population or < 30 notified casesb, EU/EEA countriesand the UKc, 15 March 2020
T31 5062-5100 Sentence denotes COVID-19: coronavirus disease; EU/EEA:
T32 5101-5143 Sentence denotes European Union/European Economic Area; UK:
T33 5144-5159 Sentence denotes United Kingdom.
T34 5160-5298 Sentence denotes a The 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases distribution in each country is compared with that of Hubei Province, China.
T35 5299-5622 Sentence denotes b The 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases distribution in each country is compared with that of Italy (which, unlike the other countries in this panel, has a 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of ≥ 4.0 cases per 100,000 population and > 30 notified cases as at 15 March) and of Hubei Province, China.
T36 5623-5807 Sentence denotes c The 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases is shown from the day (D1) a country reported a 14-day truncated cumulative incidence > 0.05 cases per 100,000 population.
T37 5808-6041 Sentence denotes Figure 2 Cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK as at 15 March compared with that in Italy, 31 January–15 March 2020 (total number of cases in the EU/EEA and the UK as at 15 March 2020 8:00 a.m. = 39,768)
T38 6042-6080 Sentence denotes COVID-19: coronavirus disease; EU/EEA:
T39 6081-6123 Sentence denotes European Union/European Economic Area; UK:
T40 6124-6139 Sentence denotes United Kingdom.
T41 6140-6314 Sentence denotes The crimson red bar indicates the position of Italy as at 15 March, while the red, orange and yellow bars indicate the position of Italy 1, 2 and 3 weeks prior, respectively.
T42 6315-6394 Sentence denotes The number of cases in each country as at 15 March is indicated in parentheses.
T43 6396-6406 Sentence denotes Discussion
T44 6407-6521 Sentence denotes Our results indicate that the number of notified cases of COVID-19 is rapidly increasing in the EU/EEA and the UK.
T45 6522-6662 Sentence denotes The observed trends in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 suggest that the pandemic is progressing at a comparable speed in all countries.
T46 6663-6941 Sentence denotes This is despite countries being at different stages, variations in national public health responses, and possibly different case definitions in countries and different protocols for selecting patients that must be tested for confirmation of COVID-19, including catch-up testing.
T47 6942-7227 Sentence denotes Early March 2020, doctors in the affected regions of Italy described a situation in which ca 10% of patients with COVID-19 required intensive care [7] and media sources reported that hospitals and intensive care units in these regions had already reached their maximum capacity [8=13].
T48 7228-7404 Sentence denotes Data on admission of COVID-19 cases in a hospital and/or an intensive care unit are currently available at EU/EEA level for only 6% and 1% cases, respectively (data not shown).
T49 7405-7572 Sentence denotes They should, however, be collected in a systematic fashion to complement current surveillance data that focus on the number of reported cases and the number of deaths.
T50 7573-7784 Sentence denotes A study performed in 2010–11 showed a large variation in the availability of intensive care and intermediate care beds in Europe, ranging from 29.2 in Germany to 4.2 beds per 100,000 population in Portugal [14].
T51 7785-7937 Sentence denotes This means that countries may have more or less resources than Italy (12.5 intensive care and intermediate care beds per 100,000 population in 2010–11).
T52 7938-8254 Sentence denotes Modelling scenarios related to healthcare capacity saturation, with estimates for each EU/EEA country and the UK of the prevalence of hospitalised COVID-19 cases associated with a > 90% risk of exceeding intensive care bed capacity, are provided in the sixth update of the ECDC rapid risk assessment on COVID-19 [1].
T53 8255-8591 Sentence denotes Since cases have so far clustered in certain regions in EU/EEA countries and the UK, and hospitals and intensive care units usually serve a defined regional catchment population, information about cases and intensive care beds should preferably be made available at the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics 2 (NUTS-2) level.
T54 8592-8740 Sentence denotes The experience from Italy and the current trends in other countries show that the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in the EU/EEA and the UK.
T55 8741-9054 Sentence denotes Countries, hospitals and intensive care units should thus prepare themselves for a scenario of sustained community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and an increase in the number of patients with COVID-19 requiring healthcare, and in particular intensive care, such as the one occurring in the affected regions of Italy.
T56 9055-9475 Sentence denotes As pointed out in the recent ECDC rapid risk assessment, a rapid, proactive and comprehensive approach is essential to delay the spread of SARS-COV-2, with a shift from a containment to a mitigation approach, as the anticipated rapid increase in the number of cases may not provide decision makers and hospitals enough time to comprehend, accept and adapt their response accordingly if not implemented ahead of time [1].
T57 9476-9579 Sentence denotes The rapid risk assessment also lists the public health measures to mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
T58 9580-9783 Sentence denotes There is a short window of opportunity during which countries have the possibility to further increase their control efforts to slow down the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the pressure on healthcare.
T59 9784-9955 Sentence denotes Failing this, it is likely that the healthcare systems of other EU/EEA countries will face a surge of patients that require intensive care within the coming days or weeks.
T60 9957-9971 Sentence denotes Editorial note
T61 9972-10030 Sentence denotes This article was published as an e-Alert on 16 March 2020.
T62 10032-10065 Sentence denotes ECDC Public Health Emergency Team
T63 10066-10837 Sentence denotes Cornelia Adlhoch, Agoritsa Baka, Julien Beauté, Jordi Borrell Pique, Eeva Broberg, Sergio Brusin, Nick Bundle, Mike Catchpole, Orlando Cenciarelli, Scott Chiossi, Bruno Ciancio, Catia Cunha, Angelo D'Ambrosio, Stefania De Angelis, Dragoslav Domanović, Margot Einöder-Moreno, Laura Espinosa, Emilie Finch, Silvia Funke, Céline Gossner, Gaëtan Guyodo, Joana Haussig, Hector Honrubia, Josep Jansa, Helen Johnson, Tommi Kärki, John Kinsman, Csaba Ködmön, Favelle Lamb, Katrin Leitmeyer, Felix Lötsch, Otilia Mårdh, Angeliki Melidou, Hanna Merk, Grazina Mirinaviciutė, Thomas Mollet, Lina Nerlander, Teymur Noori, Daniel Palm, Pasi Penttinen, Anastasia Pharris, Diamantis Plachouras, Emmanuel Robesyn, Senia Rosales-Klintz, Andreea Salajan, Gianfranco Spiteri, Svetla Tsolova.
T64 10838-10859 Sentence denotes Conflict of interest:
T65 10860-10874 Sentence denotes None declared.
T66 10875-10898 Sentence denotes Authors’ contributions:
T67 10899-11070 Sentence denotes Since 9 January 2020, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has assembled a Public Health Emergency Team for its response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
T68 11071-11318 Sentence denotes The ECDC Public Health Emergency Team obtained and verified data on the number of COVID-19 cases from official sources such as the countries’ Ministry of Health, national and regional health competent authorities and the World Health Organization.
T69 11319-11372 Sentence denotes Carl Suetens and Edoardo Colzani initiated the study.
T70 11373-11430 Sentence denotes Leonidas Alexakis and Ariana Wijermans verified the data.
T71 11431-11492 Sentence denotes Pete Kinross, Carl Suetens, Joana Gomes Dias and Dominique L.
T72 11493-11543 Sentence denotes Monnet analysed the data and prepared the figures.
T73 11544-11556 Sentence denotes Dominique L.
T74 11557-11660 Sentence denotes Monnet produced the initial draft of the manuscript and all authors contributed to subsequent versions.
T75 11662-11680 Sentence denotes Supplementary Data
T76 11681-11703 Sentence denotes Supplementary Material
T77 11704-11740 Sentence denotes Click here for additional data file.