LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7095437 / 20384-29129 JSONTXT 15 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T176 0-10 Sentence denotes Discussion
T177 11-129 Sentence denotes As reported, patients with COVID-19 usually develop clinical symptoms after an incubation period of 4.1–7.0 days [11].
T178 130-195 Sentence denotes After admission, chest imaging examination was performed on them.
T179 196-564 Sentence denotes According to the results of changes in this disease in recent studies [10, 11], the patient’s condition progressively worsens on the 3–5 days after symptom onset, and the guidelines for an imaging diagnosis of COVID-19 recommend that reviewing CT or plain radiograph is needed for suspected cases 3–5 days after diagnosis to observe changes in the disease status [12].
T180 565-725 Sentence denotes Thus, we assigned patients to two groups according to the time of onset of symptoms to analyze the CT findings in early-stage and progressive-stage of COVID-19.
T181 726-883 Sentence denotes In this study, 62 confirmed patients with COVID-19 underwent chest CT scans, and positive rate of detecting the pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities was 100%.
T182 884-1268 Sentence denotes In addition, the CT data in our study were obtained from the initial chest CT examination of patients who had not received any antiviral therapy; these results may better reflect the degree of viral infection and the immune system status before clinical intervention and provide an important basis for clinical classification, treatment strategy development, and prognosis prediction.
T183 1269-1469 Sentence denotes In our study, the major characteristic of COVID-19 was GGO (61.3%), followed by GGO with consolidation (35.5%), rounded opacity (25.8%), a crazy-paving pattern (25.8%), and an air bronchogram (22.6%).
T184 1470-1567 Sentence denotes In contrast, pulmonary fibrosis (1.6%) and pleural effusions (3.2%) were rare on chest CT images.
T185 1568-1688 Sentence denotes These various CT findings are likely related to the complex pathological changes in the lungs of patients with COVID-19.
T186 1689-2050 Sentence denotes Although pathological changes in the lung tissue of COVID-19 patients have not yet been studied, recent studies have reported that SARS-CoV-2 is closely related (with 88% identity) to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)–like coronaviruses, with approximately 79% homology with SARS-CoV and approximately 50% homology with MERS-CoV [17, 18].
T187 2051-2280 Sentence denotes Because the pathogenesis of viral infections in the same family may be similar, previous studies on coronaviruses may be helpful in understanding the various CT findings in COVID-19 patients based on similar pathological changes.
T188 2281-2569 Sentence denotes In SARS patients, pathological changes include injury to pulmonary epithelial cells, hyaline membrane formation on in the inner wall of the alveoli, and a large number of tissue cells and mass thrombi formed by proliferative fibrous tissue that block the small airway and air cavity [19].
T189 2570-2671 Sentence denotes These pathological changes may be the main pathological basis of the CT findings, especially the GGO.
T190 2672-2879 Sentence denotes Among all the CT findings, GGO was the most common one in both the early and progressive stages of COVID-19 and was characterized by multiple sized lesions, mainly distributed in the peripheral lung (96.8%).
T191 2880-3190 Sentence denotes An analysis of thin-section CT images of SARS patients showed that multiple GGOs were the main imaging finding (68.4%) and were distributed in the periphery of the lung (71.8%), with interlobular septal thickening (24.2%) and intralobular interstitial hyperplasia (32.2%), also called the crazy-paving pattern.
T192 3191-3265 Sentence denotes These findings are very similar to the CT manifestations of COVID-19 [20].
T193 3266-3421 Sentence denotes For pneumonia caused by MERS-CoV, GGO was also found on the chest CT images and was mainly distributed in the subpleural and basilar lung regions [21, 22].
T194 3422-3581 Sentence denotes Interestingly, pleural effusion was rare and no tree-in-bud pattern or cavitation was found in pneumonia patients infected by the three kinds of coronaviruses.
T195 3582-3681 Sentence denotes In addition, we found that only one case of COVID-19 (1.6%) presented as consolidation without GGO.
T196 3682-3860 Sentence denotes Compared with the large amount of consolidation that appears in the early stage of SARS, we speculate that the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 may be less than that of SARS-CoV [23].
T197 3861-4100 Sentence denotes Thus, it is necessary to fully understand and discriminate the CT features of COVID-19 at an early stage, which is helpful for the timely isolation and respiratory care of patients and early implementation of infection prevention measures.
T198 4101-4297 Sentence denotes In addition to GGO, another important CT characteristic of COVID-19 was multiple GGOs with consolidations, accompanied by interlobular septal thickening, mainly in the peripheral part of the lung.
T199 4298-4510 Sentence denotes These basic CT features were similar to the findings reported by Huang et al, whose study showed that multiple GGOs with partial consolidation appeared bilaterally on the chest CT images of COVID-19 patients [7].
T200 4511-4684 Sentence denotes Similarly, in another chest CT study of a 33-year-old patient diagnosed with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, multiple GGOs distributed in both the peripheral lungs were found [5].
T201 4685-4873 Sentence denotes Therefore, we suggest that multiple GGOs with consolidations mainly in the periphery of the lung are a basic CT feature of COVID-19, which is helpful for the initial screening of COVID-19.
T202 4874-5021 Sentence denotes Unexpectedly, the halo sign (20.6%) was the only significantly different CT manifestation in the early stage of COVID-19 among all the CT findings.
T203 5022-5095 Sentence denotes In our study, the halo sign appeared in only the early stage of COVID-19.
T204 5096-5267 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that the halo sign rapidly changed into GGO within 1 week due to the aggravation of COVID-19, and no other new halo sign had been formed in the short term.
T205 5268-5394 Sentence denotes In addition, there were no significant differences in the other CT findings or distribution of lesions between the two stages.
T206 5395-5730 Sentence denotes For these findings, we speculated that the speed of GGO formation was due to the damage to the alveolar epithelium caused by the virus and may be similar to that of consolidation caused by an inflammatory reaction of the lung tissue, resulting in a change in different types of lesions during the synchronous increase in opacification.
T207 5731-5965 Sentence denotes In pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV, Ooi et al found that GGO and consolidation formed in the first week of SARS-CoV infection increased in the second week, and only residual strips and reticular shadows were seen in the fourth week [15].
T208 5966-6097 Sentence denotes Therefore, the CT manifestations of COVID-19 are different at different stages, which helps the differential diagnosis of COVID-19.
T209 6098-6243 Sentence denotes Furthermore, our results showed that the CT scores in the progressive-stage group were significantly greater than those in the early-stage group.
T210 6244-6524 Sentence denotes Further analysis showed that the CT scores were positively correlated with the maximum diameters of the lesions (r = 0.531), indicating that the range of lesions in the progressive stage was larger than and the degree of inflammation was more serious than that in the early stage.
T211 6525-6688 Sentence denotes These results also showed that without any antiviral treatment, COVID-19 continued to progress 5–7 days after the onset of symptoms, without any improvement trend.
T212 6689-6831 Sentence denotes Therefore, necessary clinical measures, including antiviral and supportive therapies, should be administered to prevent disease deterioration.
T213 6832-6987 Sentence denotes Because of the lack of additional data, the correlation between the CT score and clinical classification and the prognosis of COVID-19 needs further study.
T214 6988-7091 Sentence denotes Moreover, CT scores showed a significant positive correlation with ages in all 62 patients (r = 0.255).
T215 7092-7229 Sentence denotes In a previous study on SARS, Grinblat et al considered that age was a risk factor for severe lung injury and poor prognosis of SARS [24].
T216 7230-7325 Sentence denotes Therefore, elderly patients need to be treated earlier and more actively than younger patients.
T217 7326-7360 Sentence denotes Our study had several limitations.
T218 7361-7519 Sentence denotes First, because COVID-19 is a novel disease and lacks a series and long-term CT data, we can analyze only the existing information in a retrospective analysis.
T219 7520-7704 Sentence denotes Moreover, the time of chest CT examination after symptom onset was inconsistent, so it was difficult to summarize the CT appearances that could reflect the whole course of the disease.
T220 7705-7839 Sentence denotes Second, the sample size in our study was relatively small, and there may be deviation in the comparison of the results of CT findings.
T221 7840-7915 Sentence denotes Third, most of our cases were imported cases and some were secondary cases.
T222 7916-8085 Sentence denotes Further research is needed to observe whether virus variation exists in the process of infection and whether virus variation will produce different in CT manifestations.
T223 8086-8158 Sentence denotes Finally, there was no histopathological evidence from deceased patients.
T224 8159-8319 Sentence denotes In conclusion, our study showed that chest CT examination was very effective in detecting pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities in the natural course of COVID-19.
T225 8320-8423 Sentence denotes Multiple GGOs with consolidations in the peripheral lung was the primary CT characteristic of COVID-19.
T226 8424-8605 Sentence denotes The halo sign may be a special CT feature in the early stage of COVID-19, while a significantly increased CT score may indicate the aggravation of COVID-19 in the progressive stage.
T227 8606-8745 Sentence denotes In patients with dyspnea and respiratory distress, CT examination is very effective in the preclinical screening of patients with COVID-19.