Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T215 |
0-21 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cells, viruses and GA |
T216 |
22-207 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HEp2 cells, obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC Rockville, MD), were grown in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS). |
T217 |
208-300 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HEK293T/17 (293T) cells obtained from the ATCC were grown in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS. |
T218 |
301-394 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HSV-1 strain F, a limited-passage isolate, is the prototype strain used in this laboratory28. |
T219 |
395-462 |
Sentence |
denotes |
GFP-HSV-1 (strain 17), was a generous gift from Dr. Peter O’Hare29. |
T220 |
463-652 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Vero cells obtained from the ATCC were cultured in complete DMEM (cDMEM) containing 10% FBS, 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin, and 10 mM Hepes buffer at 37 °C with 5% CO2. |
T221 |
653-917 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Fetal-derived Normal Human Astrocytes (NHA, Lonza) were maintained in Astrocyte Growth Medium (AGM, Lonza) supplemented with 0.3% FBS, 30 µl/mL ascorbic acid, 1 µl/mL rhEGF, 30 µg/mL gentamicin, 15 μg/mL amphotericin B, 2.5 µl/mL insulin, and 10 µl/mL L-glutamine. |
T222 |
918-970 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Early passages (1–4) were used in these experiments. |
T223 |
971-1069 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HCMV studies were performed using cell-associated low-passage clinical isolates CH1914 and BI-615. |
T224 |
1070-1179 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CH19 is resistant to the first-line HCMV antiviral drug, ganciclovir (GCV), while BI-6 is susceptible to GCV. |
T225 |
1180-1314 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Additional experiments were performed using CMVPT30-GFP16, which expresses green fluorescent protein and produces extracellular virus. |
T226 |
1315-1537 |
Sentence |
denotes |
ZIKV strain PRVABC59 obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA) was propagated in Vero cells grown in T-150 flasks by infection at 1:50 dilution of viral stock (MOI 0.25) in the absence of FBS. |
T227 |
1538-1616 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The medium was removed and replaced 6 h post-infection (hpi) with fresh cDMEM. |
T228 |
1617-1778 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Supernatant was collected at 72 hpi, clarified by centrifugation at 350 × g for 5 min, and filtered through a 0.45-μm surfactant-free cellulose acetate membrane. |
T229 |
1779-1913 |
Sentence |
denotes |
For mock infections, supernatant was collected from uninfected Vero cells and prepared by the same protocol used to make virus stocks. |
T230 |
1914-1947 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Virus was titered by focus assay. |
T231 |
1948-2322 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Briefly, infected Vero cells, 24 hpi were fixed and permeabilized using Cytofix/Cytoperm Solution Kit (BD Biosciences) according to the manufacturer’s instructions and stained with a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for flavivirus group envelope proteins (1:250; EMD Millipore; clone D1–4G2-4-15) followed by incubation with an anti-mouse IgG - PE (1:1000 dilution). |
T232 |
2323-2483 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Samples were run through an LSR II flow cytometer and data were collected with FACSDiva software (BD Biosciences) and analyzed using FlowJo Software (TreeStar). |
T233 |
2484-2521 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Human Adenovirus Type5 (dE1/E3), Cat. |
T234 |
2522-2526 |
Sentence |
denotes |
No.: |
T235 |
2527-2567 |
Sentence |
denotes |
1060, was purchased from Vector Biolabs. |
T236 |
2568-2645 |
Sentence |
denotes |
GA C13:0, C15:1, and C17:1, were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO. |
T237 |
2646-2709 |
Sentence |
denotes |
GA was diluted in methanol or DMSO to a concentration of 50 mM. |
T238 |
2710-2839 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Effects of GA in all assays and models used in this study have been compared to vehicle-treated (i.e. methanol or DMSO) controls. |
T239 |
2840-2914 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Cells or viral stocks were treated with the indicated concentration of GA. |