Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T155 |
0-96 |
Sentence |
denotes |
GA inhibition of enveloped viruses correlates with inhibition of viral DNA and protein synthesis |
T156 |
97-246 |
Sentence |
denotes |
To validate the PRA observations, we tested whether there is an effect on downstream viral DNA synthesis in HCMV infected cells when treated with GA. |
T157 |
247-363 |
Sentence |
denotes |
HFF were inoculated with HCMV for 3 hours, then washed and incubated with different concentrations of GA or vehicle. |
T158 |
364-499 |
Sentence |
denotes |
DNA was extracted from 4 pooled wells of HFF at 7 days post inoculation, and then analyzed by qPCR targeting the viral polymerase gene. |
T159 |
500-601 |
Sentence |
denotes |
DNA copies were reduced in a dose dependent manner by the addition of GA to culture medium (Fig. 7A). |
T160 |
602-755 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Although HCMV DNA copy numbers were reduced by GA, this could be secondary to inhibition of virus entry rather than direct inhibition of DNA replication. |
T161 |
756-902 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Figure 7 GA inhibits HSV-1 replication by inhibition of viral protein synthesis and HCMV by DNA synthesis. (A) Effect of GA on HCMV DNA synthesis. |
T162 |
903-1030 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Viral replication is inhibited in the presence of increasing concentration of GA, as determined by decreasing viral DNA copies. |
T163 |
1031-1144 |
Sentence |
denotes |
DNA was extracted from 4 pooled wells of HFF at 7 dpi, then analyzed by qPCR targeting the viral polymerase gene. |
T164 |
1145-1315 |
Sentence |
denotes |
DNA copies were reduced in a dose dependent manner by the addition of GA to culture medium as determined by ANOVA analysis with pairwise post-hoc t-test analysis in SPSS. |
T165 |
1316-1414 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Data are presented as mean percent of control. (*5 µM p = 0.014, 8 µM p = 0.003, 10 µM p = 0.002). |
T166 |
1415-1606 |
Sentence |
denotes |
6 well cultures of HEp-2 (B) or 293T (C) were infected with HSV-1 strain F at an MOI of 1 for 2 hours, then washed with 199V and supplemented with 10 µM GA (Lanes 1–4) or vehicle (Lanes 5–8). |
T167 |
1607-1817 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Mock (M), 5, 11 and 24 hours after inoculation, cells were collected and a fraction of the total cell lysate was subject to Western Blot analysis using antibodies directed against ICP8, ICP27, β-Actin and US11. |
T168 |
1818-1880 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Normalized ratios of protein expression are in the bar graphs. |
T169 |
1881-1965 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Viral protein synthesis was determined in HSV-infected cells following GA treatment. |
T170 |
1966-2176 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Untreated HEp-2 and 293T cells were infected with HSV-1 F’ at an MOI of 1 for 2 hours, allowing the virions to internalize into the cells, then washed with 199V medium and supplemented with 10 µM GA or vehicle. |
T171 |
2177-2257 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The viral replication was evaluated by Western Blot detection of HSV-1 proteins. |
T172 |
2258-2464 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Although the infection of HEp-2 and 293T cells had been initiated, the addition of 10 µM GA to the infected HEp-2 and 293T cells inhibited the virus replication from the point of exposure to GA (Fig. 7B,C). |
T173 |
2465-2543 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The observed effect could be the result of inhibition of secondary infections. |
T174 |
2544-2747 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, the early down regulation of HSV proteins, occurring prior to a complete viral replication cycle, suggests that there could be a secondary inhibitory mechanism targeting viral protein synthesis. |