Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T37 |
0-143 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The E and M proteins have important functions in the viral assembly of a coronavirus, and the N protein is necessary for viral RNA synthesis13. |
T38 |
144-341 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Deletion of E protein abrogated the virulence of CoVs, and several studies have explored the potential of recombinant SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV with a mutated E protein as live attenuated vaccines13,14. |
T39 |
342-661 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The M protein can augment the immune response induced by N protein DNA vaccine against SARS-CoV;15 however, the conserved N protein across CoV families implies that it is not a suitable candidate for vaccine development, and the antibodies against the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 do not provide immunity to the infection16. |
T40 |
662-749 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The critical glycoprotein S of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for virus binding and entry16. |
T41 |
750-863 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The S precursor protein of SARS-CoV-2 can be proteolytically cleaved into S1 (685 aa) and S2 (588 aa) subunits10. |
T42 |
864-975 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The S2 protein is well conserved among SARS-CoV-2 viruses and shares 99% identity with that of bat SARS-CoVs10. |
T43 |
976-1103 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The vaccine design based on the S2 protein may boost the broad-spectrum antiviral effect and is worth testing in animal models. |
T44 |
1104-1292 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Antibodies against the conserved stem region of influenza hemagglutinin have been found to exhibit broadly cross-reactive immunity, but are less potent in neutralizing influenza A virus17. |
T45 |
1293-1483 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In contrast, the S1 subunit consists of the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which mediates virus entry into sensitive cells through the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor18. |
T46 |
1484-1567 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The S1 protein of 2019-nCoV shares about 70% identity with that of human SARS-CoVs. |
T47 |
1568-1750 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The highest number of variations of amino acids in the RBD is located in the external subdomain, which is responsible for the direct interaction between virus and host receptor10,18. |
T48 |
1751-1857 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Blocking the initial entry of a virus is proposed as a successful strategy in controlling viral infection. |
T49 |
1858-2051 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Based on SARS vaccine development, most vaccine candidates target the S protein, which induces neutralizing antibody responses and stimulates a protective cellular immunity against SARS-CoVs12. |
T50 |
2052-2226 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Bukreyev et al.19 showed that immunization of African green monkeys with the full-length S protein of SARS-CoV protects monkeys from subsequent homologous SARS-CoV challenge. |
T51 |
2227-2374 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Administration of SARS-CoV RBD proteins can also induce highly potent neutralizing antibodies and long-term protective immunity in animal models20. |
T52 |
2375-2576 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thus, the generation of antibodies targeting the S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 would be an important preventive and treatment strategy that can be tested further in suitable models before clinical trials10. |