LitCovid-sentences  

PMC:7029449 / 8653-15809 JSONTXT 13 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T49 0-31 Sentence denotes Control and mitigation measures
T50 32-146 Sentence denotes A wide range of control measures can be considered to contain or mitigate an emerging infection such as 2019-nCoV.
T51 147-419 Sentence denotes Internationally, the past week has seen an increasing number of countries issue travel advisories or outright entry bans on persons from Hubei province or China as a whole, as well as substantial cuts in flights to and from affected areas out of commercial considerations.
T52 420-605 Sentence denotes Evaluation of these mobility restrictions can confirm their potential effectiveness in delaying local epidemics [20], and can also inform when as well as how to lift these restrictions.
T53 606-968 Sentence denotes If and when local transmission begins in a particular location, a variety of community mitigation measures can be implemented by health authorities to reduce transmission and thus reduce the growth rate of an epidemic, reduce the height of the epidemic peak and the peak demand on healthcare services, as well as reduce the total number of infected persons [21].
T54 969-1118 Sentence denotes A number of social distancing measures have already been implemented in Chinese cities in the past few weeks including school and workplace closures.
T55 1119-1348 Sentence denotes It should now be an urgent priority to quantify the effects of these measures and specifically whether they can reduce the effective reproductive number below 1, because this will guide the response strategies in other locations.
T56 1349-1565 Sentence denotes During the 1918/19 influenza pandemic, cities in the United States, which implemented the most aggressive and sustained community measures were the most successful ones in mitigating the impact of that pandemic [22].
T57 1566-1846 Sentence denotes Similarly to international travel interventions, local social distancing measures should be assessed for their impact and when they could be safely discontinued, albeit in a coordinated and deliberate manner across China such that recrudescence in the epidemic curve is minimised.
T58 1847-2076 Sentence denotes Mobile telephony global positioning system (GPS) data and location services data from social media providers such as Baidu and Tencent in China could become the first occasion when these data inform outbreak control in real time.
T59 2077-2197 Sentence denotes At the individual level, surgical face masks have often been a particularly visible image from affected cities in China.
T60 2198-2388 Sentence denotes Face masks are essential components of personal protective equipment in healthcare settings, and should be recommended for ill persons in the community or for those who care for ill persons.
T61 2389-2566 Sentence denotes However, there is now a shortage of supply of masks in China and elsewhere, and debates are ongoing about their protective value for uninfected persons in the general community.
T62 2567-2649 Sentence denotes The Table summarises research gaps to guide the public health response identified.
T63 2650-2725 Sentence denotes Table Research priorities to guide the public health response to 2019-nCoV
T64 2726-2783 Sentence denotes Domain Priorities Study designs / data sources required
T65 2784-3008 Sentence denotes Transmission dynamics Provide robust estimates of the serial interval and generation time Detailed exposure and illness onset information from unselected case clusters in line lists, preferably from more than one epicentre
T66 3009-3291 Sentence denotes Estimate effective reproductive number (Rt) in other cities (i.e. ex-Wuhan) in China and elsewhere Epidemic curves for each city by dates of illness onset, preferably stratified by likely source of infection (zoonotic, environmental point source, local case vs imported index case)
T67 3292-3525 Sentence denotes Clarify the relative importance of pre-symptomatic / asymptomatic transmission Detailed reports of transmission events and symptomatic status of infectors; viral shedding data; special studies in households and other closed settings
T68 3526-3690 Sentence denotes Determine the role of different age groups in transmission, particularly children Transmission studies in households and other closed settings; serological studies
T69 3691-3947 Sentence denotes Determine the relative importance of possible modes of transmission Outbreak investigations, in particular for superspreading events; environmental sampling, air sampling and exhaled breath sampling; special studies in households and other closed settings
T70 3948-4096 Sentence denotes Determine environmental effects on virus survival and transmission Virus survival studies in situ vivo and in vitro; environmental sampling studies
T71 4097-4307 Sentence denotes Severity Provide robust estimates of the risk of fatality of hospitalised cases, by age or other important groupings Reports from unselected clinical cohorts of times to death or recovery among resolved cases
T72 4308-4486 Sentence denotes Provide robust estimates of the risk of fatality of symptomatic cases, by age or other important groupings Estimates of incidence from population-wide surveillance of mild cases
T73 4487-4573 Sentence denotes Identify groups at high risk of severe infection Case–control studies; cohort studies
T74 4574-4742 Sentence denotes Susceptibility Determine if children are infected, and if so, if they are infectious Transmission studies in households and other closed settings; serological studies
T75 4743-4878 Sentence denotes Determine if all infections result in neutralising immunity Convalescent serology from mild as well as severe cases, in all age groups
T76 4879-5067 Sentence denotes Control measures Provide impact estimates of travel restrictions, border screening and quarantine policies on non-local spread Modelling analyses of local and global spread of infections
T77 5068-5246 Sentence denotes Estimate the effects of social distancing measures and other non-pharmaceutical interventions on transmissibility Comparative analyses of transmissibility in different locations
T78 5247-5575 Sentence denotes Predict the most effective measures to reduce the peak burden on healthcare providers and other societal functions Modelling studies incorporating healthcare capacity and processes In conclusion, there are a number of urgent research priorities to inform the public health response to the global spread of 2019-nCoV infections.
T79 5576-6012 Sentence denotes Establishing robust estimates of the clinical severity of infections is probably the most pressing, because flattening out the surge in hospital admissions would be essential if there is a danger of hospitals becoming overwhelmed with patients who require inpatient care, not only for those infected with 2019-nCoV but also for urgent acute care of patients with other conditions including those scheduled for procedures and operations.
T80 6013-6383 Sentence denotes In addressing the research gaps identified here, there is a need for strong collaboration of a competent corps of epidemiological scientists and public health workers who have the flexibility to cope with the surge capacity required, as well as support from laboratories that can deliver on the ever rising demand for diagnostic tests for 2019-nCoV and related sequelae.
T81 6384-6603 Sentence denotes The readiness survey by Reusken et al. in this issue of Eurosurveillance testifies to the rapid response and capabilities of laboratories across Europe should the outbreak originating in Wuhan reach this continent [23].
T82 6604-6770 Sentence denotes In the medium term, we look towards the identification of efficacious pharmaceutical agents to prevent and treat what may likely become an endemic infection globally.
T83 6771-6982 Sentence denotes Beyond the first year, one interesting possibility in the longer term, perhaps borne of wishful hope, is that after the first few epidemic waves, the subsequent endemic re-infections could be of milder severity.
T84 6983-7156 Sentence denotes Particularly if children are being infected and are developing immunity hereafter, 2019-nCoV could optimistically become the fifth human coronavirus causing the common cold.