| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T17 |
0-2 |
Sentence |
denotes |
1. |
| T18 |
4-16 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Introduction |
| T19 |
17-223 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly spreading worldwide, resulting in the third outbreak of coronaviruses in the 21st century. |
| T20 |
224-301 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The pandemic of COVID-19 constitutes a serious threat to the whole world [1]. |
| T21 |
302-509 |
Sentence |
denotes |
To control the pandemic of COVID-19, effective and easily accessible antiviral drugs and vaccines are urgently needed, in addition to the implementation of epidemiological measures such as strict quarantine. |
| T22 |
510-595 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, until now, no drugs have been demonstrated to be effective against COVID-19. |
| T23 |
596-866 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Among the various drugs under investigation are repurposed anti-malarial drugs chloroquine (CQ) and its analog hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which are among the most used drugs because they are easy to obtain and have a proven favorable safety record at relatively low cost. |
| T24 |
867-910 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CQ/HCQ are derivatives of 4-aminoquinoline. |
| T25 |
911-1074 |
Sentence |
denotes |
They are lipophilic weak bases that quickly pass across cell membranes and accumulate in acidic organelles, such as lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi [2]. |
| T26 |
1075-1317 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CQ/HCQ are used to treat and prevent malaria attacks due to their anti-plasmodium activity and to treat autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) owing to their immunomodulatory activity [3]. |
| T27 |
1318-1401 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In addition, CQ/HCQ display antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities [4]. |
| T28 |
1402-1633 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In vitro studies have shown that CQ/HCQ possess antiviral activity against RNA viruses, such as HIV [5], rabies virus [6] and polio virus [7] and various DNA viruses as diverse as hepatitis B virus [8] and herpes simplex virus [9]. |
| T29 |
1634-1746 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This article reviews the current status of CQ/HCQ against SARS-CoV-2 and their use in the treatment of COVID-19. |
