LitCovid-sample-sentences  

PMC:7441788 / 14536-23287 JSONTXT 24 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T106 0-99 Sentence denotes Only two published clinical reports have studied the efficacy of CQ in COVID-19 patients (Table 1).
T107 100-353 Sentence denotes One study used CQ to treat more than 100 patients with COVID-19 and claimed that CQ was superior to the control group in suppressing the deterioration of pneumonia, improving lung imaging, promoting viral conversion and shortening the course of disease.
T108 354-419 Sentence denotes Serious adverse effects were not observed in these patients [48].
T109 420-556 Sentence denotes However, this report did not provide any details about the study design and patient data, thus it is difficult to evaluate the validity.
T110 557-659 Sentence denotes Recently, a parallel, double-blind, randomized, phase IIB clinical trial was performed in Brazil [49].
T111 660-741 Sentence denotes In this study, 81 severe COVID-19 patients were randomly divided into two groups:
T112 742-909 Sentence denotes 41 patients received high-dose CQ (600 mg/2 times/day for 10 day) and 40 patients received low-dose CQ (450 mg/2 times on day 1 and then 450 mg/1 time/day for 4 days).
T113 910-1021 Sentence denotes The 13-day mortality rate in the high-dose group was more than double that in low-dose group (39.0% vs. 16.0%).
T114 1022-1198 Sentence denotes The high-dosage group exhibited more instance of corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation (>500 milliseconds (ms); 7 of 37 [18.9%]) than the low-dosage group (4 of 36 [11.1%]).
T115 1199-1321 Sentence denotes These findings suggest that the higher CQ dosage should not be recommended for critically ill patients with COVID-19 [49].
T116 1322-1330 Sentence denotes Table 1.
T117 1331-1440 Sentence denotes Outcomes and advantage/limitation of chloroquine (CQ)/hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) clinical studies for COVID-19.
T118 1441-1522 Sentence denotes Author (Reference) Study design Patients Treatment Outcomes Advantage Limitations
T119 1523-1538 Sentence denotes Gao et al [48].
T120 1539-1768 Sentence denotes Rough and simple description Not mentioned CQ (No specific dosage was mentioned) CQ was superior to control in suppressing pneumonia deterioration, improving lung imaging, promoting viral conversion and shortening disease course.
T121 1769-1785 Sentence denotes Not significant.
T122 1786-1912 Sentence denotes No study design and the specific number of patients and controls were provided and thus the result appears to be unconvincing.
T123 1913-1930 Sentence denotes Borba et al [49].
T124 1931-2417 Sentence denotes Randomized controlled trial High-dose CQ group: n = 40;Low-dose CQ group:n = 41 high-dose CQ (600 mg/2 times/day, for 10 day);low-dose CQ (450 mg/2 times/day for 5 days, double dose on 1st day) The mortality rate in the high-dose group was more than double that in low-dose group Double-blind study; 2 dosages of CQ for the first time in severe COVID-19 Small sample size; single-center design; Lack of a placebo control; Lack of exclusion criteria based on the QTc interval at baseline
T125 2418-2636 Sentence denotes Chen et al.[50] Randomized trial HCQ group: n = 31; control group: n = 30 HCQ (200 mg/2 times/day for 5 days) HCQ group have small improvement in body temperature and cough compered with control group Randomized trial.
T126 2637-2721 Sentence denotes Small sample size; Single-center design; Small improvement in temperature and cough.
T127 2722-2741 Sentence denotes Mahévas et al [53].
T128 2742-2960 Sentence denotes Comparative study HCQ group: n = 84; control group: n = 97 HCQ 600 mg/day for 7 days Compared with control group, a reduction of admissions to ICU or death 7 days after hospital admission was not observed in HCQ group.
T129 2961-3027 Sentence denotes Relatively larger sample size in HCQ treatment and control groups.
T130 3028-3138 Sentence denotes Nonrandomized design; In propensity score model, four possible important prognostic variables were unbalanced.
T131 3139-3155 Sentence denotes Tang et al [54].
T132 3156-3237 Sentence denotes Open label, randomized controlled trial HCQ group: n = 70; control group: n = 80.
T133 3238-3444 Sentence denotes HCQ 1200 mg daily for 3 days, 800 mg daily for 2 weeks (mild to moderate disease)/3 weeks(severe disease) HCQ did not show additional benefits of vial elimination in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19.
T134 3445-3473 Sentence denotes Randomized controlled study.
T135 3474-3672 Sentence denotes Lack of a placebo control group; Design introduces the possibility of biased investigator determined assessment and unbalanced dosage adjustment; Randomization of sequential envelopes may be biased.
T136 3673-3856 Sentence denotes The antiviral efficacy of HCQ was not assessed at an earlier stage; Most patients are mild to severe, and the effect of HCQ on disease progression or regression could not be provided.
T137 3857-3933 Sentence denotes The trial terminated early due to the difficulty to recruit enough patients.
T138 3934-4146 Sentence denotes Some secondary endpoints could not be analyzed by the cutoff date; Viral RNA specimens are mostly from the upper respiratory tract rather than bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, which may cause false negative results.
T139 4147-4166 Sentence denotes Geleris et al [55].
T140 4167-4410 Sentence denotes Observational study HCQ group: n = 811; no-HCQ group: n = 565 HCQ (600 mg/2 times on the first day, then 400 mg once a day for 4 days) No correlation between the HCQ use and significant higher or lower risk of intubation or death was observed.
T141 4411-4582 Sentence denotes Large sample size; Minimization of the unmeasured confusion and error through multivariable Cox model with inverse probability weighting according to the propensity score.
T142 4583-4692 Sentence denotes Single-center design; missing of some variables; Potential for inaccuracies in the electronic health records.
T143 4693-4707 Sentence denotes Yu et al [56].
T144 4708-4882 Sentence denotes Retrospective study HCQ group: n = 48; no-HCQ group: n = 502 HCQ (200 mg/2 times/day, for 7 to 10 days) The fatalities of HCQ group was significantly lower than no-HCQ group.
T145 4883-5011 Sentence denotes HCQ treatment was related to significantly reduced mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients and greatly lowered IL-6 level.
T146 5012-5102 Sentence denotes Mortality was used as a measure of outcome and the study included critically ill patients.
T147 5103-5184 Sentence denotes Retrospective design of the study and the number of HCQ group patients was small.
T148 5185-5455 Sentence denotes Gautret et al.[57] Open label, nonrandom cohort study HCQ group: n = 12; HCQ＋azithromycin group: n = 6; control group: n = 12 HCQ (200 mg/3 times/day for 10 days) HCQ alone or in combination with azithromycin could effectively eliminate nasopharyngeal virus in 3–5 days.
T149 5456-5517 Sentence denotes Nasopharyngeal virus determination was used as main endpoint.
T150 5518-5667 Sentence denotes Small sample size; Six patients dropped out due to critical illness or intolerance to the drug; Lack of clinical outcomes; Limited follow-up results.
T151 5668-5687 Sentence denotes Gautret et al [58].
T152 5688-5931 Sentence denotes Observational study HCQ group: n = 80; no control HCQ, 200 mg/3 times/day for 10 days combined with azithromycin 500 mg on the 1st day, 250 mg/day afterward for 5 days The nasopharynx viral load in most patients received HCQ decreased rapidly.
T153 5932-5970 Sentence denotes Observation of nasopharynx viral load.
T154 5971-6055 Sentence denotes Observational study design and no control group; No clinical outcomes were analyzed.
T155 6056-6103 Sentence denotes Possible confounding factors were not adjusted.
T156 6104-6125 Sentence denotes Magagnoli et al [59].
T157 6126-6222 Sentence denotes Retrospective study HCQ group:n = 97HCQ＋azithromycin: n = 113No HCQ group:n = 158 Not specified.
T158 6223-6445 Sentence denotes The use of HCQ, either with or without azithromycin, didn’t reduce the risk of mechanical ventilation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19; Patients treated with HCQ alone was associated with increased overall mortality.
T159 6446-6667 Sentence denotes The study data comes from a comprehensive electronic medical record; Strictly defined covariates and outcomes; Using propensity scores adjustment for a large number of relevant confounders to make results more persuasive.
T160 6668-6861 Sentence denotes Retrospective nature of the study; The subjects included only men and most of them were black; Despite adjustments to many possible confounding factors, there may still be undiscovered factors.
T161 6862-7368 Sentence denotes Rosenberg et al[60] Retrospective multicenter cohort study HCQ group:n = 271;HCQ ＋azithromycin group:n = 735control group:n = 221 HCQ:200 mg/400 mg/600 mg/other/unknown, frequency: once a day/twice a day/other/unknownazithromycin:200 mg/250 mg/400 mg/500 mg/other/unknown, methods:Oral/IV/unknown,frequency: only once/once a day/twice a day/other/unknown Treatment with HCQ, azithromycin, or both, compared with neither treatment, was not significantly associated with differences in in-hospital mortality.
T162 7369-7451 Sentence denotes This study include a large, random sample from 25 metropolitan New York hospitals.
T163 7452-7616 Sentence denotes The sample was drawnearly in the epidemic to include patients with long, complicated, and ongoing hospital stays; In-hospital mortality was used as primary outcome.
T164 7617-7758 Sentence denotes Retrospective study design; There may be missing information; Mortality was limited to in-hospital death; There may be potential confounders.
T165 7759-7838 Sentence denotes The dosing in the doses and frequencies of HCQ and azithromycin varied greatly.
T166 7839-7898 Sentence denotes The confidence intervals for some of the findings are wide.
T167 7899-8357 Sentence denotes Mehraet al[61] Multinational real-world analysis Teatment groups: n = 14,888Control group: n = 81,144 Mean daily dose: CQ 765 mg, (SD 308); HCQ 596 mg(126); CQ with a macrolide 790 mg(320); HCQ with a macrolide 597 mg(128).mean duration:CQ 6.6 days(2.4); HCQ 4.2 days(1.9);CQ with a macrolide 6.8 days(2.5); HCQ with a macrolide 4.3 days (2.0) A benefit of HCQ or CQ, when used alone or witha macrolide, on in-hospital outcomes for COVID-19 was not observed.
T168 8358-8432 Sentence denotes Large multinational real-world data and large number of study populations.
T169 8433-8751 Sentence denotes There may be potential confounders; It did not measure QT intervals and stratify the arrhythmia pattern; It did not determine whether the increased risk of death in-hospital and use of drug treatment regimens were directly related to cardiovascular risk; It did not observe the risk of the drug dose-response analysis.