Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T220 |
0-13 |
Sentence |
denotes |
9 Conclusion |
T221 |
14-107 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, can cause a potentially fatal disease, COVID-19, in humans. |
T222 |
108-288 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The infection of human cells by SARS-CoV2 includes two sequential steps: attachment of the virus to the surface receptor of target cells and the fusion of viral and host membranes. |
T223 |
289-467 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The former requires at least a receptor-binding domain on the SARS-CoV2 Spike protein that can interact with a cell surface receptor, for example, ACE2, expressed on human cells. |
T224 |
468-669 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The latter requires at least the host protease(s) to mediate proteolytic cleavage of the SARS-CoV2 Spike protein into S1 and S2 subunits and consequently promote the fusion of viral and host membranes. |
T225 |
670-916 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Also, SARS-CoV2 possesses a polybasic cleavage site that can explain the high pathogenicity of SARS-CoV2, N-glycans and O-glycans that make the dense decoration of SARS-CoV2 S protein, and cyclic regions that can interact with cell-surface GRP78. |
T226 |
917-1099 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Essential elements that process SARS-CoV2 cell entry and specific characteristics that allow SARS-CoV2 to escape the immune system have the potential as targets for COVID-19 therapy. |
T227 |
1100-1296 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Lack of specific treatments for COVID-19 and the very time-consuming process of vaccine development lead us to trust traditional notions of immunization using passive transfer of humoral immunity. |
T228 |
1297-1368 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Passive immunization can be done using plasma therapy and IVIG therapy. |
T229 |
1369-1518 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Plasma from patients recovered from COVID-19 that contains antibodies against SARS-CoV2 has shown promising results in patients with severe COVID-19. |
T230 |
1519-1626 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Also, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 are ideally similar in the structure and the cell entry receptor and protease. |
T231 |
1627-1776 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Studies show that serum from convalescent SARS patients and serum from rabbits immunized with SARS are both able to neutralize SARS-CoV2 efficiently. |
T232 |
1777-1881 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, serum from bats immunized with SARS-lice coronavirus SL-CoV Rp3 could not exert such an effect. |
T233 |
1882-2011 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It is due to a noticeable degree of difference in the S1 domain in the S1 domain between the bat SL-CoV Rp3 strain and SARS-CoV2. |
T234 |
2012-2125 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A short-term moderate dose of IVIG combined with moderate-dose of corticosteroids might improve patient outcomes. |
T235 |
2126-2357 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Studies show that the viral RNA of SARS-CoV2 reaches its peak during the first week and then gradually decreases and that IgG and IgM begin to rise from the 10th day so that most patients have anti-viral antibodies by the 14th day. |
T236 |
2358-2489 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Passive immunization protects against disease, and so it should be administered as early as possible when the patient is diagnosed. |
T237 |
2490-2550 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Evidence links COVID-19 to variable degrees of inflammation. |
T238 |
2551-2607 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Corticosteroids offer a potent anti-inflammatory option. |
T239 |
2608-2720 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, they do not dictate precise actions and might cause suppression of anti-viral immune responses as well. |
T240 |
2721-2806 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Studies show that the use of corticosteroids might accelerate recovery from COVID-19. |
T241 |
2807-2926 |
Sentence |
denotes |
There are no controlled clinical trials that show whether the use of corticosteroids can reduce COVID-19-related death. |
T242 |
2927-3106 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Moreover, the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6 is the best-documented cytokine in COVID-19 correlated with severity, criticality, viral load, and prognosis of patients with COVID-19. |
T243 |
3107-3218 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody against IL6, could confer clinical benefit in patients with high IL6 levels. |