| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T1 |
0-146 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Gastrointestinal hormones/neurotransmitters and growth factors can activate P21 activated kinase 2 in pancreatic acinar cells by novel mechanisms. |
| T2 |
147-421 |
Sentence |
denotes |
P-21-activated kinases (PAKs) are serine/threonine kinases comprising six isoforms divided in two groups, group-I (PAK1-3)/group-II (PAK4-6) which play important roles in cell cytoskeletal dynamics, survival, secretion and proliferation and are activated by diverse stimuli. |
| T3 |
422-549 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, little is known about PAKs ability to be activated by gastrointestinal (GI) hormones/neurotransmitters/growth-factors. |
| T4 |
550-711 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We used rat pancreatic acini to explore the ability of GI-hormones/neurotransmitters/growth-factors to activate Group-I-PAKs and the signaling cascades involved. |
| T5 |
712-743 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Only PAK2 was present in acini. |
| T6 |
744-1020 |
Sentence |
denotes |
PAK2 was activated by some pancreatic growth-factors [EGF, PDGF, bFGF], by secretagogues activating phospholipase-C (PLC) [CCK, carbachol, bombesin] and by post-receptor stimulants activating PKC [TPA], but not agents only mobilizing cellular calcium or increasing cyclic AMP. |
| T7 |
1021-1112 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CCK-activation of PAK2 required both high- and low-affinity-CCK1-receptor-state activation. |
| T8 |
1113-1233 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It was partially reduced by PKC- or Src-inhibition, but not with PI3K-inhibitors (wortmannin, LY294002) or thapsigargin. |
| T9 |
1234-1419 |
Sentence |
denotes |
IPA-3, which prevents PAK2 binding to small-GTPases partially inhibited PAK2-activation, as well as reduced CCK-induced ERK1/2 activation and amylase release induced by CCK or bombesin. |
| T10 |
1420-1497 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This study demonstrates pancreatic acini, possess only one Group-I-PAK, PAK2. |
| T11 |
1498-1649 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CCK and other GI-hormones/neurotransmitters/growth-factors activate PAK2 via small GTPases (CDC42/Rac1), PKC and SFK but not cytosolic calcium or PI3K. |
| T12 |
1650-1858 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CCK-activation of PAK2 showed several novel features being dependent on both receptor-activation states, having PLC- and PKC-dependent/independent components and small-GTPase-dependent/independent components. |
| T13 |
1859-2155 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These results show that PAK2 is important in signaling cascades activated by numerous pancreatic stimuli which mediate their various physiological/pathophysiological responses and thus could be a promising target for the development of therapies in some pancreatic disorders such as pancreatitis. |
