Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T1 |
0-145 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Permeability, ultrastructural changes, and distribution of novel proteins in the glomerular barrier in early puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis. |
T2 |
146-162 |
Sentence |
denotes |
BACKGROUND/AIMS: |
T3 |
163-238 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It is still unclear what happens in the glomerulus when proteinuria starts. |
T4 |
239-525 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Using puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) rats, we studied early ultrastructural and permeability changes in relation to the expression of the podocyte-associated molecules nephrin, α-actinin, dendrin, and plekhh2, the last two of which were only recently discovered in podocytes. |
T5 |
526-534 |
Sentence |
denotes |
METHODS: |
T6 |
535-632 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Using immune stainings, semiquantitative measurement was performed under the electron microscope. |
T7 |
633-704 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Permeability was assessed using isolated kidney perfusion with tracers. |
T8 |
705-752 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Possible effects of ACE inhibition were tested. |
T9 |
753-761 |
Sentence |
denotes |
RESULTS: |
T10 |
762-838 |
Sentence |
denotes |
By day 2, some patchy foot process effacement, but no proteinuria, appeared. |
T11 |
839-907 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The amount of nephrin was reduced in both diseased and normal areas. |
T12 |
908-984 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The other proteins showed few changes, which were limited to diseased areas. |
T13 |
985-1103 |
Sentence |
denotes |
By day 4, foot process effacement was complete and proteinuria appeared in parallel with signs of size barrier damage. |
T14 |
1104-1205 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Nephrin decreased further, while dendrin and plekhh2 also decreased but α-actinin remained unchanged. |
T15 |
1206-1258 |
Sentence |
denotes |
ACE inhibition had no significant protective effect. |
T16 |
1259-1369 |
Sentence |
denotes |
CONCLUSIONS: PAN glomeruli already showed significant pathology by day 4, despite relatively mild proteinuria. |
T17 |
1370-1470 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This was preceded by altered nephrin expression, supporting its pivotal role in podocyte morphology. |
T18 |
1471-1586 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The novel proteins dendrin and plekhh2 were both reduced, suggesting roles in PAN, whereas α-actinin was unchanged. |