| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T1 |
0-62 |
Sentence |
denotes |
TAK1 is an essential regulator of BMP signalling in cartilage. |
| T2 |
63-252 |
Sentence |
denotes |
TGFbeta activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a member of the MAPKKK family, controls diverse functions ranging from innate and adaptive immune system activation to vascular development and apoptosis. |
| T3 |
253-395 |
Sentence |
denotes |
To analyse the in vivo function of TAK1 in cartilage, we generated mice with a conditional deletion of Tak1 driven by the collagen 2 promoter. |
| T4 |
396-587 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Tak1(col2) mice displayed severe chondrodysplasia with runting, impaired formation of secondary centres of ossification, and joint abnormalities including elbow dislocation and tarsal fusion. |
| T5 |
588-689 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This phenotype resembled that of bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR)1 and Gdf5-deficient mice. |
| T6 |
690-896 |
Sentence |
denotes |
BMPR signalling was markedly impaired in TAK1-deficient chondrocytes as evidenced by reduced expression of known BMP target genes as well as reduced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38/Jnk/Erk MAP kinases. |
| T7 |
897-963 |
Sentence |
denotes |
TAK1 mediates Smad1 phosphorylation at C-terminal serine residues. |
| T8 |
964-1202 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These findings provide the first in vivo evidence in a mammalian system that TAK1 is required for BMP signalling and functions as an upstream activating kinase for Smad1/5/8 in addition to its known role in regulating MAP kinase pathways. |
| T9 |
1203-1312 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Our experiments reveal an essential role for TAK1 in the morphogenesis, growth, and maintenance of cartilage. |
