Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T1 |
0-123 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Over-expression of BMP4 and BMP5 in a child with axial skeletal malformations and heterotopic ossification: a new syndrome. |
T2 |
124-268 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a highly conserved class of signaling molecules that induce ectopic cartilage and bone formation in vivo. |
T3 |
269-528 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Dysregulated expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is found in the cells of patients who have fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a genetic disorder of axial and appendicular skeletal malformation and progressive heterotopic ossification. |
T4 |
529-765 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Loss of function mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein 5 (bmp5) gene leading to under-expression of BMP5 cause the murine short ear syndrome, characterized by small malformed ears and a broad range of axial skeletal malformations. |
T5 |
766-981 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We found features reminiscent of both the short ear mouse and FOP in a child with malformed external ears, multiple malformations of the axial skeleton, and progressive heterotopic ossification in the neck and back. |
T6 |
982-1133 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We examined BMP mRNA expression in transformed lymphocytes by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and protein expression by ELISA assays and immunohistochemistry. |
T7 |
1134-1262 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Elevated levels of BMP4 and BMP5 mRNA and protein were detected in the patient's cells while levels of BMP2 mRNA were unchanged. |
T8 |
1263-1437 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Our data suggest that dysregulated expression of BMP4 and BMP5 genes is associated with an array of human axial skeletal abnormalities similar to the short ear mouse and FOP. |