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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-17 Sentence denotes Trichotillomania:
T1 0-17 Sentence denotes Trichotillomania:
T2 18-66 Sentence denotes Bizzare Patern of Hair Loss at 11-Year-old Girl.
T2 18-66 Sentence denotes Bizzare Patern of Hair Loss at 11-Year-old Girl.
T3 67-245 Sentence denotes Trichotillomania (TTM) is defined by the Diagnostics and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DMS-IV) as hair loss from a patient`s repetitive self-pulling of hair.
T3 67-245 Sentence denotes Trichotillomania (TTM) is defined by the Diagnostics and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DMS-IV) as hair loss from a patient`s repetitive self-pulling of hair.
T4 246-348 Sentence denotes The disorder is included under anxiety disorders because it shares some obsessive-compulsive features.
T4 246-348 Sentence denotes The disorder is included under anxiety disorders because it shares some obsessive-compulsive features.
T5 349-462 Sentence denotes Patients have the tendency towards feelings of unattractiveness, body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem (1,2).
T5 349-462 Sentence denotes Patients have the tendency towards feelings of unattractiveness, body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem (1,2).
T6 463-568 Sentence denotes It is a major psychiatric problem, but many patients with this disorder first present to a dermatologist.
T6 463-568 Sentence denotes It is a major psychiatric problem, but many patients with this disorder first present to a dermatologist.
T7 569-714 Sentence denotes An 11-year-old girl came to our department with a 2-month history of diffuse hair loss on the frontoparietal and parietotemporal area (Figure 1).
T7 569-714 Sentence denotes An 11-year-old girl came to our department with a 2-month history of diffuse hair loss on the frontoparietal and parietotemporal area (Figure 1).
T8 715-804 Sentence denotes She had originally been examined by a pediatrician with the diagnosis of alopecia areata.
T8 715-804 Sentence denotes She had originally been examined by a pediatrician with the diagnosis of alopecia areata.
T9 805-927 Sentence denotes The patient`s personal history included hay fever and shortsightedness, and she suffered from varicella and mononucleosis.
T9 805-927 Sentence denotes The patient`s personal history included hay fever and shortsightedness, and she suffered from varicella and mononucleosis.
T10 928-1063 Sentence denotes Nobody in the family history suffered from alopecia areata, but her father has male androgenetic alopecia (Norwood/Hamilton MAGA C3F3).
T10 928-1063 Sentence denotes Nobody in the family history suffered from alopecia areata, but her father has male androgenetic alopecia (Norwood/Hamilton MAGA C3F3).
T11 1064-1206 Sentence denotes The mother noticed that the child had had changeable mood for about 2 months and did not want to communicate with other persons in the family.
T11 1064-1206 Sentence denotes The mother noticed that the child had had changeable mood for about 2 months and did not want to communicate with other persons in the family.
T12 1207-1247 Sentence denotes The family did not have any pet at home.
T12 1207-1247 Sentence denotes The family did not have any pet at home.
T13 1248-1312 Sentence denotes At school, her favorite subjects were Math and Computer Studies.
T13 1248-1312 Sentence denotes At school, her favorite subjects were Math and Computer Studies.
T14 1313-1418 Sentence denotes She did not like Physical Education and did not participate in any sport activities during her free time.
T14 1313-1418 Sentence denotes She did not like Physical Education and did not participate in any sport activities during her free time.
T15 1419-1493 Sentence denotes This was very strange because she was obese (body-mass index (BMI) 24.69).
T15 1419-1493 Sentence denotes This was very strange because she was obese (body-mass index (BMI) 24.69).
T16 1494-1579 Sentence denotes She was sometimes angry with her 13-year-old sister who had better results at school.
T16 1494-1579 Sentence denotes She was sometimes angry with her 13-year-old sister who had better results at school.
T17 1580-1631 Sentence denotes The girl had suddenly started to wear a blue scarf.
T17 1580-1631 Sentence denotes The girl had suddenly started to wear a blue scarf.
T18 1632-1696 Sentence denotes The parents did not notice that she pulled out her hair at home.
T18 1632-1696 Sentence denotes The parents did not notice that she pulled out her hair at home.
T19 1697-1875 Sentence denotes Dermatological examination of the capillitium found a zone of incomplete alopecia in the frontoparietal and parietotemporal area, without inflammation, desquamation, and scaring.
T19 1697-1875 Sentence denotes Dermatological examination of the capillitium found a zone of incomplete alopecia in the frontoparietal and parietotemporal area, without inflammation, desquamation, and scaring.
T20 1876-1917 Sentence denotes Hairs were of variable length (Figure 1).
T20 1876-1917 Sentence denotes Hairs were of variable length (Figure 1).
T21 1918-2036 Sentence denotes There was a patch of incomplete alopecia above the forehead between two stripes of hair of variable length (Figure 2).
T21 1918-2036 Sentence denotes There was a patch of incomplete alopecia above the forehead between two stripes of hair of variable length (Figure 2).
T22 2037-2101 Sentence denotes The hair pull test was negative along the edges of the alopecia.
T22 2037-2101 Sentence denotes The hair pull test was negative along the edges of the alopecia.
T23 2102-2165 Sentence denotes Mycological examination from the skin capillitium was negative.
T23 2102-2165 Sentence denotes Mycological examination from the skin capillitium was negative.
T24 2166-2285 Sentence denotes The trichoscopy and skin biopsy of the parietotemporal region of the capillitium (Figure 3) confirmed trichotillomania.
T24 2166-2285 Sentence denotes The trichoscopy and skin biopsy of the parietotemporal region of the capillitium (Figure 3) confirmed trichotillomania.
T25 2286-2441 Sentence denotes Laboratory tests (blood count, iron, ferritin, transferrin, selenium, zinc, vitamin B12, folic acid, serology and hormones of thyroid gland) were negative.
T25 2286-2441 Sentence denotes Laboratory tests (blood count, iron, ferritin, transferrin, selenium, zinc, vitamin B12, folic acid, serology and hormones of thyroid gland) were negative.
T26 2442-2512 Sentence denotes We referred the girl for ophthalmologic and psychological examination.
T26 2442-2512 Sentence denotes We referred the girl for ophthalmologic and psychological examination.
T27 2513-2595 Sentence denotes Ophthalmologic examination proved that there was no need to add any more diopters.
T27 2513-2595 Sentence denotes Ophthalmologic examination proved that there was no need to add any more diopters.
T28 2596-2693 Sentence denotes The psychological examination provided us with a picture in which she drew her family (Figure 4).
T28 2596-2693 Sentence denotes The psychological examination provided us with a picture in which she drew her family (Figure 4).
T29 2694-2802 Sentence denotes The strongest authority in the family was the mother because she looked after the girls for most of the day.
T29 2694-2802 Sentence denotes The strongest authority in the family was the mother because she looked after the girls for most of the day.
T30 2803-2845 Sentence denotes She was in the first place in the picture.
T30 2803-2845 Sentence denotes She was in the first place in the picture.
T31 2846-2919 Sentence denotes The father had longer working hours and spent more time outside the home.
T31 2846-2919 Sentence denotes The father had longer working hours and spent more time outside the home.
T32 2920-2955 Sentence denotes He worked as a long vehicle driver.
T32 2920-2955 Sentence denotes He worked as a long vehicle driver.
T33 2956-2998 Sentence denotes He was in the second place in the picture.
T33 2956-2998 Sentence denotes He was in the second place in the picture.
T34 2999-3121 Sentence denotes There was sibling rivalry between the girls, but the parents did not notice this problem and preferred the older daughter.
T34 2999-3121 Sentence denotes There was sibling rivalry between the girls, but the parents did not notice this problem and preferred the older daughter.
T35 3122-3221 Sentence denotes She was successful at school and was prettier (slim, higher, curly brown hair, without spectacles).
T35 3122-3221 Sentence denotes She was successful at school and was prettier (slim, higher, curly brown hair, without spectacles).
T36 3222-3369 Sentence denotes Our 11-years-old patient noticed all these differences between them, but at her level of mental development was not able to cope with this problem.
T36 3222-3369 Sentence denotes Our 11-years-old patient noticed all these differences between them, but at her level of mental development was not able to cope with this problem.
T37 3370-3406 Sentence denotes She wanted to be her sister's equal.
T37 3370-3406 Sentence denotes She wanted to be her sister's equal.
T38 3407-3560 Sentence denotes The sister is drawn in the picture in the third place next to father, while the patient's own figure was drawn larger and slim even though she was obese.
T38 3407-3560 Sentence denotes The sister is drawn in the picture in the third place next to father, while the patient's own figure was drawn larger and slim even though she was obese.
T39 3561-3625 Sentence denotes Notably, all three female figures had very nice long brown hair.
T39 3561-3625 Sentence denotes Notably, all three female figures had very nice long brown hair.
T40 3626-3749 Sentence denotes It seemed that the mother and our patient had better quality of hair and more intense color than the sister in the drawing.
T40 3626-3749 Sentence denotes It seemed that the mother and our patient had better quality of hair and more intense color than the sister in the drawing.
T41 3750-3805 Sentence denotes The only hairless person in the picture was the father.
T41 3750-3805 Sentence denotes The only hairless person in the picture was the father.
T42 3806-3876 Sentence denotes The girl did not want to talk about her problems and feelings at home.
T42 3806-3876 Sentence denotes The girl did not want to talk about her problems and feelings at home.
T43 3877-3968 Sentence denotes Then it was confirmed that our patient was very sensitive, anxious, willful, and withdrawn.
T43 3877-3968 Sentence denotes Then it was confirmed that our patient was very sensitive, anxious, willful, and withdrawn.
T44 3969-4047 Sentence denotes She was interested in her body and very perceptive of her physical appearance.
T44 3969-4047 Sentence denotes She was interested in her body and very perceptive of her physical appearance.
T45 4048-4190 Sentence denotes From the psychological point of view, the parents started to pay more interest to their younger daughter and tried to understand and help her.
T45 4048-4190 Sentence denotes From the psychological point of view, the parents started to pay more interest to their younger daughter and tried to understand and help her.
T46 4191-4476 Sentence denotes After consultation with the psychiatrist, we did not start psychopharmacologic therapy for trichotillomania; instead, we started treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy, mild shampoo, mild topical steroids (e.g. hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%) in solution and methionine in capsules.
T46 4191-4476 Sentence denotes After consultation with the psychiatrist, we did not start psychopharmacologic therapy for trichotillomania; instead, we started treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy, mild shampoo, mild topical steroids (e.g. hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%) in solution and methionine in capsules.
T47 4477-4533 Sentence denotes With parents' cooperation, the treatment was successful.
T47 4477-4533 Sentence denotes With parents' cooperation, the treatment was successful.
T48 4534-4703 Sentence denotes The name trichotillomania was first employed by the French dermatologist Francois Henri Hallopeau in 1889, who described a young man pulling his hair out in tufts (3-5).
T48 4534-4703 Sentence denotes The name trichotillomania was first employed by the French dermatologist Francois Henri Hallopeau in 1889, who described a young man pulling his hair out in tufts (3-5).
T49 4704-4796 Sentence denotes The word is derived from the Greek thrix (hair), tillein (to pull), and mania (madness) (5).
T49 4704-4796 Sentence denotes The word is derived from the Greek thrix (hair), tillein (to pull), and mania (madness) (5).
T50 4797-4965 Sentence denotes The prevalence of TTM in the general adult population ranges from 0.6% to 4%, and 2-4% of the general psychiatric outpatient population meet the criteria for TTM (2-5).
T50 4797-4965 Sentence denotes The prevalence of TTM in the general adult population ranges from 0.6% to 4%, and 2-4% of the general psychiatric outpatient population meet the criteria for TTM (2-5).
T51 4966-5051 Sentence denotes The prevalence among children and adolescents has been estimated at less than 1% (5).
T51 4966-5051 Sentence denotes The prevalence among children and adolescents has been estimated at less than 1% (5).
T52 5052-5100 Sentence denotes The disease can occur at any age and in any sex.
T52 5052-5100 Sentence denotes The disease can occur at any age and in any sex.
T53 5101-5184 Sentence denotes The age of onset of hair pulling is significantly later for men than for women (3).
T53 5101-5184 Sentence denotes The age of onset of hair pulling is significantly later for men than for women (3).
T54 5185-5280 Sentence denotes There are three subsets of age: preschool children, preadolescents to young adults, and adults.
T54 5185-5280 Sentence denotes There are three subsets of age: preschool children, preadolescents to young adults, and adults.
T55 5281-5319 Sentence denotes The mean age of onset is pre-pubertal.
T55 5281-5319 Sentence denotes The mean age of onset is pre-pubertal.
T56 5320-5379 Sentence denotes It ranges from 8 to 13 years (on average 11.3 years) (2-5).
T56 5320-5379 Sentence denotes It ranges from 8 to 13 years (on average 11.3 years) (2-5).
T57 5380-5491 Sentence denotes The occurrence of hair-pulling in the first year of life is a rare event, probably comprising <1% of cases (5).
T57 5380-5491 Sentence denotes The occurrence of hair-pulling in the first year of life is a rare event, probably comprising <1% of cases (5).
T58 5492-5780 Sentence denotes The etiology of TTM is complex and may be triggered by a psychosocial stressor within the family, such as separation from an attachment figure, hospitalization of the child or parent, birth of a younger sibling, sibling rivalry, moving to a new house, or problems with school performance.
T58 5492-5780 Sentence denotes The etiology of TTM is complex and may be triggered by a psychosocial stressor within the family, such as separation from an attachment figure, hospitalization of the child or parent, birth of a younger sibling, sibling rivalry, moving to a new house, or problems with school performance.
T59 5781-5923 Sentence denotes It has been hypothesized that the habit may begin with "playing" with the hair, with later chronic pulling resulting in obvious hair loss (2).
T59 5781-5923 Sentence denotes It has been hypothesized that the habit may begin with "playing" with the hair, with later chronic pulling resulting in obvious hair loss (2).
T60 5924-6028 Sentence denotes Environment is a factor because children usually pull their hair when alone and in relaxed surroundings.
T60 5924-6028 Sentence denotes Environment is a factor because children usually pull their hair when alone and in relaxed surroundings.
T61 6029-6115 Sentence denotes The bedroom, bathroom, or family room are "high-risk" situations for hair-pulling (5).
T61 6029-6115 Sentence denotes The bedroom, bathroom, or family room are "high-risk" situations for hair-pulling (5).
T62 6116-6283 Sentence denotes Men and women also differed in terms of the hair pulling site (men pull hair from the stomach/back and the moustache/beard areas, while women pull from the scalp) (3).
T62 6116-6283 Sentence denotes Men and women also differed in terms of the hair pulling site (men pull hair from the stomach/back and the moustache/beard areas, while women pull from the scalp) (3).
T63 6284-6429 Sentence denotes Pulling hair from siblings, pets, dolls, and stuffed animals has also been documented, often occurring in the same pattern as in the patient (5).
T63 6284-6429 Sentence denotes Pulling hair from siblings, pets, dolls, and stuffed animals has also been documented, often occurring in the same pattern as in the patient (5).
T64 6430-6581 Sentence denotes Genetic factors contributing to the development of TTM are mutations of the SLITRK1 gene, which plays a role in cortex development and neuronal growth.
T64 6430-6581 Sentence denotes Genetic factors contributing to the development of TTM are mutations of the SLITRK1 gene, which plays a role in cortex development and neuronal growth.
T65 6582-6693 Sentence denotes The protein SAPAP3 has been present in 4.2% of TTM cases and patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
T65 6582-6693 Sentence denotes The protein SAPAP3 has been present in 4.2% of TTM cases and patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
T66 6694-6755 Sentence denotes It may be involved in the development of the spectrum of OCD.
T66 6694-6755 Sentence denotes It may be involved in the development of the spectrum of OCD.
T67 6756-6891 Sentence denotes A significantly different concordance rate for TTM was found in monozygotic (38.1%) compared with dizygotic (0%) twins in 34 pairs (3).
T67 6756-6891 Sentence denotes A significantly different concordance rate for TTM was found in monozygotic (38.1%) compared with dizygotic (0%) twins in 34 pairs (3).
T68 6892-6999 Sentence denotes The core diagnostic feature is the repetitive pulling of hairs from one`s own body, resulting in hair loss.
T68 6892-6999 Sentence denotes The core diagnostic feature is the repetitive pulling of hairs from one`s own body, resulting in hair loss.
T69 7000-7146 Sentence denotes The targeted hair is mostly on the scalp (75%), but may also be from the eyebrows (42%), eyelashes (53%), beard (10%), and pubic area (17%) (3,5).
T69 7000-7146 Sentence denotes The targeted hair is mostly on the scalp (75%), but may also be from the eyebrows (42%), eyelashes (53%), beard (10%), and pubic area (17%) (3,5).
T70 7147-7226 Sentence denotes There are three subtypes of hair pulling - early onset, automatic, and focused.
T70 7147-7226 Sentence denotes There are three subtypes of hair pulling - early onset, automatic, and focused.
T71 7227-7296 Sentence denotes Diagnostic criteria for TTM according to DSM-IV criteria are (2,3,5):
T71 7227-7296 Sentence denotes Diagnostic criteria for TTM according to DSM-IV criteria are (2,3,5):
T72 7297-7842 Sentence denotes 1) recurrent pulling of one`s hair resulting in noticeable hair loss; 2) an increasing sense of tension immediately prior to pulling out the hair or when attempting to resist the behavior; 3) pleasure, gratification, or relief when pulling out the hair; 4) the disturbance is not better accounted for by another mental disorder and is not due to a general medical condition (e.g., a dermatologic condition); 5) the disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
T72 7297-7842 Sentence denotes 1) recurrent pulling of one`s hair resulting in noticeable hair loss; 2) an increasing sense of tension immediately prior to pulling out the hair or when attempting to resist the behavior; 3) pleasure, gratification, or relief when pulling out the hair; 4) the disturbance is not better accounted for by another mental disorder and is not due to a general medical condition (e.g., a dermatologic condition); 5) the disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
T73 7843-8068 Sentence denotes The differential diagnosis includes alopecia areata (Table 1) (6), tinea capitis, telogen effluvium, secondary syphilis, traction alopecia, loose anagen syndrome, lichen planopilaris, alopecia mucinosa, and scleroderma (2-5).
T73 7843-8068 Sentence denotes The differential diagnosis includes alopecia areata (Table 1) (6), tinea capitis, telogen effluvium, secondary syphilis, traction alopecia, loose anagen syndrome, lichen planopilaris, alopecia mucinosa, and scleroderma (2-5).
T74 8069-8176 Sentence denotes Biopsy of an involved area (ideally from a recent site of hair loss) can help to confirm the diagnosis (5).
T74 8069-8176 Sentence denotes Biopsy of an involved area (ideally from a recent site of hair loss) can help to confirm the diagnosis (5).
T75 8177-8304 Sentence denotes On histologic examination, there are typically increased numbers of catagen and telogen hairs without evidence of inflammation.
T75 8177-8304 Sentence denotes On histologic examination, there are typically increased numbers of catagen and telogen hairs without evidence of inflammation.
T76 8305-8388 Sentence denotes Chronic hair pulling induces a catagen phase, and more hairs will be telogen hairs.
T76 8305-8388 Sentence denotes Chronic hair pulling induces a catagen phase, and more hairs will be telogen hairs.
T77 8389-8445 Sentence denotes Pigment casts and empty anagen follicles are often seen.
T77 8389-8445 Sentence denotes Pigment casts and empty anagen follicles are often seen.
T78 8446-8518 Sentence denotes Perifollicular hemorrhage near the hair bulb is an indicator of TTM (2).
T78 8446-8518 Sentence denotes Perifollicular hemorrhage near the hair bulb is an indicator of TTM (2).
T79 8519-8680 Sentence denotes Complications of TTM are rare, but they comprise secondary bacterial infections with regional lymphadenopathy as a result of picking and scratching at the scalp.
T79 8519-8680 Sentence denotes Complications of TTM are rare, but they comprise secondary bacterial infections with regional lymphadenopathy as a result of picking and scratching at the scalp.
T80 8681-8787 Sentence denotes Many patients play with and ingest the pulled hairs (e.g. touching the hair to lips, biting, and chewing).
T80 8681-8787 Sentence denotes Many patients play with and ingest the pulled hairs (e.g. touching the hair to lips, biting, and chewing).
T81 8788-8903 Sentence denotes Trichophagia (ingestion of the hair) can lead to a rare complication named trichobezoar (a "hair ball" in stomach).
T81 8788-8903 Sentence denotes Trichophagia (ingestion of the hair) can lead to a rare complication named trichobezoar (a "hair ball" in stomach).
T82 8904-9008 Sentence denotes This habit is present in approximately 5% to 30% of adult patients, but it is less frequent in children.
T82 8904-9008 Sentence denotes This habit is present in approximately 5% to 30% of adult patients, but it is less frequent in children.
T83 9009-9100 Sentence denotes Patient with trichophagia present with pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss.
T83 9009-9100 Sentence denotes Patient with trichophagia present with pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss.
T84 9101-9170 Sentence denotes Radiologic examination and gastroscopy should not be delayed (2,4,5).
T84 9101-9170 Sentence denotes Radiologic examination and gastroscopy should not be delayed (2,4,5).
T85 9171-9290 Sentence denotes The management of the disease is difficult and requires strong cooperation between the physician, patient, and parents.
T85 9171-9290 Sentence denotes The management of the disease is difficult and requires strong cooperation between the physician, patient, and parents.
T86 9291-9483 Sentence denotes The dermatologist cannot take part in the therapy, strictly speaking, but without the psychological, psychopharmacologic, and topic dermatologic treatment a vicious circle will be perpetuated.
T86 9291-9483 Sentence denotes The dermatologist cannot take part in the therapy, strictly speaking, but without the psychological, psychopharmacologic, and topic dermatologic treatment a vicious circle will be perpetuated.