Epistemic_Statements  

CORD-19:d8d40ef3169d775e651452f6db98618a06f47d45 JSONTXT 11 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 1006-1088 Epistemic_statement denotes By cooperating with the government, the media can facilitate emergency management.
T2 1089-1271 Epistemic_statement denotes Finally, if netizens trust the government and the media, they are more likely to make cooperative decisions, maintain interest, and improve the management of online public sentiment.
T3 1761-1865 Epistemic_statement denotes We suggest the following two hypotheses: H1: The attributes of the three subjects change simultaneously.
T4 1911-1987 Epistemic_statement denotes The following governmental attributes can be understood through the formula:
T5 1988-2197 Epistemic_statement denotes Government attitudes (G a ): The natures of sudden crises differ, as do the time and intensity of governmental interventions, which directly influence official media attitudes and netizens' views of the event.
T6 2881-3025 Epistemic_statement denotes Both the initial and ongoing credibility values differ for each specific example since the government takes different attitudes toward a crisis.
T7 3547-3604 Epistemic_statement denotes This transparency can be represented by G d (t) ∈ [0, 1].
T8 4070-4153 Epistemic_statement denotes However, the attitude of the media is also affected by netizens and the government.
T9 4566-4774 Epistemic_statement denotes In the simulation model, media attitudes are represented byP n (t), where = P (t) 1 n , which indicates support for the spread of opinion and = P (t) 1 n , which indicates opposition to the spread of opinion.
T10 4967-5228 Epistemic_statement denotes In the simulation model, media credibility can be represented by U n (t) ∈ [0, 1], where U n (t) represents the credibility of media n at time t. When = U (t) 0 n , the media's credibility is quite low, and the probability of information dissemination is small.
T11 6195-6267 Epistemic_statement denotes The formula below represents the influence value of the media at time t:
T12 6268-6508 Epistemic_statement denotes whereMe i (t 0 ) represents the initial value, t is the time when the netizen starts to participate in the emergency event, and d remains a constant when the unit is decreased, and its value can be adjusted by the actual state of emergency.
T13 6509-6580 Epistemic_statement denotes The following netizen attributes can be understood through the formula:
T14 6581-6716 Epistemic_statement denotes Netizen attitudes: Individual netizens have different ideologies that affect whether and how they share information about an emergency.
T15 7016-7154 Epistemic_statement denotes Netizen influence: This refers to a netizen's ability to spread information during an emergency and can be understood as Q i (t) ∈ [0, 1].
T16 7155-7253 Epistemic_statement denotes When Q i (t) is between 0 and 0.07, then the netizen is not very capable of spreading information.
T17 7396-7535 Epistemic_statement denotes Level of trust: This refers to the extent to which netizens believe information about emergencies and whether they spread such information.
T18 7661-7753 Epistemic_statement denotes If = X (t) 0 i , then a netizen i during event t will not believe information nor spread it.
T19 8359-8400 Epistemic_statement denotes This can be expressed asZ i (t) ∈ [0, 1].
T20 8904-9002 Epistemic_statement denotes The following formula indicates that the netizen's desire to spread information changes with time:
T21 9003-9161 Epistemic_statement denotes where d i indicates the initial value of the netizen's desire to spread information, d i is a constant, and the value of d i varies with the actual situation.
T22 9255-9378 Epistemic_statement denotes Through these parameters, depending on the actual situation, data on the interaction of different subjects can be obtained.
T23 9379-9465 Epistemic_statement denotes α is a constant, and the value of α can be adjusted depending on the actual situation.
T24 9953-10128 Epistemic_statement denotes If an event is more uncertain and less specific, then netizens are more likely to discuss and voice grievances.I b (t)indicates the fuzzy value of the event: I b (t) ∈ (0, 1).
T25 10351-10403 Epistemic_statement denotes 6 is used to indicate the timeliness of emergencies:
T26 10404-10635 Epistemic_statement denotes where I c (t)is the time-effect value of the sudden event at time t, λ is the time-dependent feature scale factor of the target information, and a is a constant that can be adjusted in the iterative process in the simulation model.
T27 10991-11144 Epistemic_statement denotes = R I I * a b , in which I a refers to an event's importance, I b refers to the event's degree of ambiguity, and the event intensity can be expressed as:
T28 11145-11293 Epistemic_statement denotes In the above formula, = T ·tand β 1 , β 2 are constants, and I(t) is the subject attribute, which can be adjusted according to the actual situation.
T29 11428-11476 Epistemic_statement denotes Information Processing and Management 57 (2020)
T30 11477-11547 Epistemic_statement denotes The influence of media n on a netizen i at time t can be expressed by:
T31 11548-11727 Epistemic_statement denotes In the above formula, U n (t) is the media's credibility, Md n (t) is the media's authority, Y i (t) equals the rate of dissemination, Z i (t) refers to netizen dissemination, and
T32 11728-11729 Epistemic_statement denotes .
T33 11730-11825 Epistemic_statement denotes When media n communicates an unexpected incident to netizen i, i will react in one of two ways:
T34 11826-11869 Epistemic_statement denotes , then netizen j is the event communicator.
T35 12336-12409 Epistemic_statement denotes The influence of government G on netizen i at time t can be expressed by:
T36 12410-12688 Epistemic_statement denotes where Y i (t) represents the rate of dissemination, Z i (t) is the netizens' desire to disseminate information, G c (t) represents the government's credibility, G d (t) is the government's speed of publication, G e (t) represents government transparency, and + + = c c c 1 1 2 3
T37 12689-12690 Epistemic_statement denotes .
T38 13030-13176 Epistemic_statement denotes However, the government is influenced by the opinions generated by the media and netizens, and netizens (i) also interact with other netizens (j).
T39 14053-14227 Epistemic_statement denotes The key to SNA is to identify and measure the relationships between actors to capture the interactions between people (Yousefi-Nooraie, Dobbins, Brouwers, & Wakefield, 2012).
T40 14228-14504 Epistemic_statement denotes By using graphs and matrices to measure density and centrality in social network data, researchers can depict the overall shape of the network in terms of a hierarchy, which identifies the center of the network and influential people to determine how change happens over time.
T41 15284-15456 Epistemic_statement denotes Network density refers to the ratio of the number of connections actually existing in the social relationship network diagram to the maximum number of possible connections.
T42 15530-15631 Epistemic_statement denotes In a directed graph containing n network nodes, the maximum number of possible connections is n(n-1).
T43 15632-15751 Epistemic_statement denotes If the number of connections that actually exists is m, the density (D) of the directed graph is calculated as follows:
T44 15752-15903 Epistemic_statement denotes An important role of centrality in SNA is to identify prominent individuals and groups by synthesizing the structural relationships between all points.
T45 15904-16038 Epistemic_statement denotes To this end, an actor's intermediate center value represents how much the actor controls other actors and is measured between 0 and 1.
T46 16347-16497 Epistemic_statement denotes In the undirected binary graph, the behavioral degree measures the extent to which an object in a social network is associated with all other objects.
T47 16883-17004 Epistemic_statement denotes The degree of centrality measures the degree to which an object in a social network is associated with all other objects.
T48 17445-17604 Epistemic_statement denotes Their views expressed during emergencies can often influence the development of public opinions and have a greater impact on network information dissemination.
T49 18882-19060 Epistemic_statement denotes Through continuous iteration, the weight of each subject attribute is constantly adjusted and compared with data that is consistent with the real-time evolution of the incidents.
T50 19934-20044 Epistemic_statement denotes If one node forwards or comments content to another node, the relationship value between those two nodes is 1.
T51 20124-20172 Epistemic_statement denotes The relationship between a node and itself is 1.
T52 20761-20934 Epistemic_statement denotes At this stage, the government then takes emergency measures that take into consideration the public interest, thereby effectively controlling the evolution of the emergency.
T53 21811-21883 Epistemic_statement denotes Neutral: the potential communicator or the recipient of the information.
T54 22730-22817 Epistemic_statement denotes This indicates that the simulation has high credibility and is consistent with reality.
T55 23223-23339 Epistemic_statement denotes This means that Internet users may be convinced of network rumors and even spread undisclosed information at random.
T56 23413-23671 Epistemic_statement denotes Meanwhile, if the government speedily intervenes in supervising and controlling online public sentiment, then official media can guide the direction of public opinion, thereby reducing the risk of information spreading throughout the network without control.
T57 23672-23887 Epistemic_statement denotes Because of the openness and freedom of network media, opinion leaders exist who have a larger influence and can attract more attention; these leaders play an important role in mediating public opinion communication.
T58 23888-24102 Epistemic_statement denotes When netizens are in a semi-closed state, it is easier to spread unproven information at random and in a limited rational situation, thus accelerating the speed of transmission of public opinion across the network.
T59 24103-24426 Epistemic_statement denotes In a worst-case scenario, this triggers a mass network public opinion event: When netizens are in a semi-closed state, in the case of bounded rationality, they may randomly spread unconfirmed information and criticize network rumors, thus speeding up the spread of events and increasing the amount of online public opinion.
T60 24427-24617 Epistemic_statement denotes This will, in turn, trigger a discussion among netizens, induce negative emotions among the people, trigger violations and excessive behavior among the masses, and threaten social stability.
T61 24863-24987 Epistemic_statement denotes While keeping the other subjects' attributes unchanged in order to analyze the influence of these so-called opinion leaders.
T62 25279-25345 Epistemic_statement denotes 2 shows how the model changes after shifting the media attributes.
T63 25675-25859 Epistemic_statement denotes Finally, we adjusted the government's credibility to 0.9 and government information disclosure speed and transparency to 0.6, while keeping all other subject attributes unchanged (Fig.
T64 26669-26829 Epistemic_statement denotes Therefore, the more authority a government has to release information, the faster it can obtain the convergence of the media and netizens and reach equilibrium.
T65 26930-27007 Epistemic_statement denotes The higher the credibility, the higher the support of the media and netizens.
T66 27318-27491 Epistemic_statement denotes Values varied from 0.0041 to 0.0341; the highest density is eight times greater than the lowest, indicating that the popularity of public opinion on an event varies greatly.
T67 27627-27759 Epistemic_statement denotes In other words, accidents and social security events are more likely to attract the attention of netizens and elicit public opinion.
T68 28230-28425 Epistemic_statement denotes However, even today, the density of all 101 emergencies is very low, indicating that communication between users about emergencies remains low, and the dissemination of information is still slow.
T69 28426-28632 Epistemic_statement denotes This may be because microblogs are mostly used for entertainment; user participation behavior is relatively random, unlike that of communication subjects with limited information dissemination capabilities.
T70 29163-29362 Epistemic_statement denotes 4 , official media-such as Vista World, Financial Network, Pear Video, and the People's Daily-are at the center of the networks, indicating that these nodes are active in public opinion transmission.
T71 29363-29425 Epistemic_statement denotes They are more vocal and can influence a wider range of people.
T72 30304-30407 Epistemic_statement denotes After accidents and social security incidents, however, media is not always at the center of a network.
T73 30408-30523 Epistemic_statement denotes Instead, netizens are active in the communication process, and individuals are likely to be the center of networks.
T74 30524-30620 Epistemic_statement denotes This suggests that in these two types of emergencies, netizens are vulnerable to misinformation.
T75 30765-30943 Epistemic_statement denotes At the beginning of an emergency, mainstream media play a crucial role in rapid reporting of real information on an emergency, especially accidents and social security incidents.
T76 31134-31237 Epistemic_statement denotes The government also needs to strengthen the public's judgment of information and reduce misinformation.
T77 31464-31630 Epistemic_statement denotes On the one hand, the media should pursue their own value standards: to report incidents fairly and truthfully and to communicate real-time information on emergencies.
T78 31631-31830 Epistemic_statement denotes On the other hand, strengthening the media's relationship with the government can allow the media to report on government decisions and plans for responding to emergencies to the public in real-time.
T79 32414-32581 Epistemic_statement denotes Otherwise, they may risk the expansion of public opinion networks, which will increase the difficulty in guiding public sentiment as the emergency continues to evolve.
T80 32582-32774 Epistemic_statement denotes Especially in major emergencies involving national security and the safety of lives and property, the government should decisively intervene in publicity control and information dissemination.
T81 32775-33045 Epistemic_statement denotes Moreover, the use of fast and effective media should be maximized to communicate the "voice" of the government, conduct quick and positive online guidance, and strengthen communication with the public and the media to ensure the smooth spread of online public sentiment.
T82 33136-33332 Epistemic_statement denotes When an emergency occurs, the government's primary response should be a strong disclosure of accurate information, preventing the public from panicking because of ignorance or lack of information.
T83 33461-33753 Epistemic_statement denotes The speed and transparency of the government's disclosure of emergency information is another key factor: The faster the government discloses information, the greater its transparency and credibility, and the more likely it is to calm rumors and foster the steady evolution of public opinion.
T84 33754-33888 Epistemic_statement denotes Governments must pass information disclosure laws to clarify their responsibility to provide information to the public in emergencies.
T85 33889-34091 Epistemic_statement denotes Meanwhile, an information exchange system between the government and the media, netizens, and other social groups should be established to correct and adjust the government information reporting system.
T86 34092-34283 Epistemic_statement denotes A qualified and dedicated team of government spokespersons should be created, relying on government authority to publish during the early period of online public sentiment after an emergency.
T87 34284-34340 Epistemic_statement denotes The government must enhance its information credibility.
T88 34514-34701 Epistemic_statement denotes Therefore, the government must establish a rational target system and adopt positive governance measures to form an effective mechanism to guide the dissemination of relevant information.
T89 35618-35825 Epistemic_statement denotes Because of the complex factors affecting emergencies and the difficulty in obtaining data, the construction of the model is inaccurate, and the four types of emergencies are analyzed from a time perspective.
T90 36033-36255 Epistemic_statement denotes The advantage of this study is that the simulation of the model and its main parameters enable the government to control and guide a response to an accident at the initial stage by understanding how public opinion evolves.
T91 36256-36465 Epistemic_statement denotes It can enable the media to strengthen cooperation with the government, enhance its credibility, affect most netizens, actively evade rumors, and understand, promptly, the rules that determine netizen activity.
T92 36466-36607 Epistemic_statement denotes This would be beneficial to netizens as it would reduce loss of interest and improve the comprehensive management of online public sentiment.
T93 36608-36802 Epistemic_statement denotes However, because of the limited ability to acquire data, this paper extracted 75 individuals in the study of the spatial structure of public sentiment evolution, and the data is relatively poor.
T94 36925-36984 Epistemic_statement denotes The accuracy and depth of the research need to be improved.