Epistemic_Statements  

CORD-19:a32993b4b78f5f8416251c365f8705364bebee58 JSONTXT 8 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 244-375 Epistemic_statement denotes At 5 weeks of age, rats are either shipped to research facilities or housed according to the Guide's current space recommendations.
T2 1258-1299 Epistemic_statement denotes Rats were separated by gender and strain.
T3 1459-1598 Epistemic_statement denotes For low-density housing, the amounts of floor space per rat for both strains were equal to or greater than the Guide's standard allowances.
T4 1599-1711 Epistemic_statement denotes During this stage of the study, all rats were subjected to similar manipulations and data collection procedures.
T5 3179-3400 Epistemic_statement denotes In several studies of adult rats that were housed at high densities with unfamiliar rats, researchers observed behavioral changes associated with fighting and dominance in males, though not in females 17, [21] [22] [23] .
T6 3681-3856 Epistemic_statement denotes Another researcher showed that in male Wistar rats, the behavioral and physiological effects of high-density housing were dependent on the developmental stage of the rats 27 .
T7 4168-4266 Epistemic_statement denotes The results of this study might be helpful in defining space recommendations for LE and F344 rats.
T8 4424-4506 Epistemic_statement denotes All procedures were carried out in a facility accredited by AAALAC, International.
T9 4507-4653 Epistemic_statement denotes We obtained LE (n = 28; 14 males and 14 females) and F344 rats (n = 32; 16 males and 16 females) from Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, MA).
T10 4654-4785 Epistemic_statement denotes At the breeding facility, LE rats were housed in groups of 40 in cages with total floor space of 24 in × 24 in (14.4 in 2 per rat).
T11 5209-5329 Epistemic_statement denotes We changed cages two times a week for the LDH groups and an average of three times a week for the HDH groups, as needed.
T12 5805-5881 Epistemic_statement denotes At the end of the study period (29 d), we totaled these scores for each rat.
T13 7041-7238 Epistemic_statement denotes For serum corticosterone analysis, we collected additional blood (0.25-0.5 ml) from at least one rat in each cage (n = 10 for each strain) and stored the samples in serum separator microcontainers.
T14 7239-7411 Epistemic_statement denotes We selected this subgroup of rats arbitrarily at the beginning of the study, and we collected blood for corticosterone analysis from the same rats at each sampling session.
T15 7412-7556 Epistemic_statement denotes We froze serum at -29 o C and sent it to the Michigan State College of Veterinary Medicine Endocrinology Laboratory for corticosterone analysis.
T16 7557-7632 Epistemic_statement denotes We considered the measurements recorded on day 0 to be baseline parameters.
T17 7633-7740 Epistemic_statement denotes We analyzed data separately for each strain, comparing cage groups according to gender and housing density.
T18 7820-7825 Epistemic_statement denotes 29) .
T19 7912-8052 Epistemic_statement denotes We redistributed the groups of rats and rehoused them such that no rats that were previously housed together were assigned to the same cage.
T20 8053-8431 Epistemic_statement denotes Rats that had been housed at a high density during the first stage of the study continued to be housed at a higher density than recommended (these rats are hereafter referred to as 'HDH'), and rats that had been housed at a low density continued to be housed in an amount of space that was equal to or greater than that recommended in the Guide (hereafter referred to as 'LDH').
T21 8432-8521 Epistemic_statement denotes We separated rats by gender and strain; otherwise, the selection of groups was arbitrary.
T22 8522-8603 Epistemic_statement denotes All rats were subjected to the same manipulations and data collection procedures.
T23 8737-8929 Epistemic_statement denotes At the beginning of this stage of the study, LE males and females weighed 360-440 g and 230-300 g, respectively, and at the end of the study they weighed 395-495 g and 255-330 g, respectively.
T24 9050-9186 Epistemic_statement denotes We housed F344 rats in groups of seven for HDH (21 in 2 floor space per rat) and in groups of two for LDH (72 in 2 floor space per rat).
T25 9187-9381 Epistemic_statement denotes At the beginning of this stage of the study, F344 males and females weighed 245-280 g and 155-180 g, respectively, and at the end of the study they weighed 260-315 g and 165-195 g, respectively.
T26 9382-9503 Epistemic_statement denotes The HDH groups of F344 rats were housed in 1.1-1.9 times less than the recommended floor space for rats of these weights.
T27 9633-9802 Epistemic_statement denotes Most experiments at WRAIR/NMRC use rats housed at low densities as described above; therefore, we considered LDH rats to be a control group for comparison with HDH rats.
T28 10229-10369 Epistemic_statement denotes For environmental enrichment, we put two plastic pipes (6 in long, 3 in in diameter) in each HDH cage and one plastic pipe in each LDH cage.
T29 10370-10627 Epistemic_statement denotes We maintained cages in a climate-controlled room with temperature set at 18-26 °C and humidity at 30-70%, with a light:dark cycle of 12 h:12 h. signs in LDH males was slightly higher than that in HDH males, though results were not statistically significant.
T30 10628-10735 Epistemic_statement denotes HDH females showed a significantly higher incidence of stress signs compared with LDH females (P < 0.0001).
T31 10736-10912 Epistemic_statement denotes Over the course of the 29-d study, we noted signs of stress in HDH females about 1.3 times on average for each rat, whereas in LDH females, we observed no signs of stress (Fig.
T32 10913-10918 Epistemic_statement denotes 1b) .
T33 10919-11056 Epistemic_statement denotes On the first day of the second stage of the study, the weights of all subjects were within the expected range for rats aged 80-90 d (ref.
T34 12025-12149 Epistemic_statement denotes For each parameter measured, we analyzed the difference between data obtained from the first blood sample and from the last.
T35 12342-12503 Epistemic_statement denotes Gender had a moderate effect on stress (P = 0.057); incidence of clinical and behavioral signs was more than two times higher in males than that in females (Fig.
T36 12504-12509 Epistemic_statement denotes 1a) .
T37 12510-12650 Epistemic_statement denotes In F344 rats, the occurrence of clinical and behavioral signs of stress was not affected by cage density (P = 0.29) or by gender (P = 0.27).
T38 12913-12917 Epistemic_statement denotes 3) .
T39 13145-13286 Epistemic_statement denotes If this data point is considered an outlier, the difference between the two cage densities is no longer statistically significant (P = 0.25).
T40 13390-13506 Epistemic_statement denotes On average, measurements in males were higher than those in females for all physiologic parameters (Tables 4 and 5).
T41 14664-14797 Epistemic_statement denotes Despite this observation, housing density had no significant effect on rats' overall weight at the end of the study (P = 0.1683; Fig.
T42 15606-15727 Epistemic_statement denotes All rats in both strains gained weight during the study, and their weights were in the accepted range for their ages 28 .
T43 17819-17946 Epistemic_statement denotes This may indicate that the females of this strain would not be as compatible as males in high-density group housing situations.
T44 18417-18458 Epistemic_statement denotes Data from males and females are combined.
T45 18756-18872 Epistemic_statement denotes The differences noted suggest that corticosterone levels should be measured for all rats in future expanded studies.
T46 21328-21413 Epistemic_statement denotes The average corticosterone concentration in LDH rats was lower than that in HDH rats.