Epistemic_Statements  

CORD-19:6ccadac14d4ff2434e9541676e6c3b6e4dfa5807 JSONTXT 11 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE Lectin_function

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-64 Epistemic_statement denotes Comment HPV transmission in adolescent men who have sex with men
T2 77-280 Epistemic_statement denotes as a reminder that although the term sepsis is a valuable clinical descriptor of a condition that almost every doctor will encounter, the catch-all nature of the term often conceals more than it reveals.
T3 281-534 Epistemic_statement denotes Determining the true incidence of sepsis and its underlying causes is important, not just to quantify the burden of disease and to ensure that adequate resources are provided to deal with it, but also because it informs priorities for clinical research.
T4 535-598 Epistemic_statement denotes However, the use of registry data can have unexpected pitfalls.
T5 599-796 Epistemic_statement denotes 3 Factors such as ascertainment artefact, subtle changes in defi nitions, better and earlier diagnosis, and even reimbursement considerations can falsely seem to increase incidence in a population.
T6 1416-1535 Epistemic_statement denotes Imagine planning a phase 3 trial of a new intervention for sepsis in which the primary endpoint was hospital mortality.
T7 1536-1698 Epistemic_statement denotes The calculation of the number of patients to enrol would be based on the anticipated eff ect size of the intervention and the mortality rate in the placebo group.
T8 1699-1939 Epistemic_statement denotes If the study population contained a subgroup with a much lower than expected mortality, the calculations would be wrong (mortality in the placebo group would be lower) and a true eff ect of the intervention might be missed (a type 2 error).
T9 1940-1999 Epistemic_statement denotes This possibility has concerned many people studying sepsis.
T10 2000-2284 Epistemic_statement denotes Furthermore, by using broad enrolment criteria, investigators might have included a very mixed population, only some of whom might be responsive to the intervention, thereby lowering the signal-to-noise ratio to a point where potentially valuable treatments have not been identifi ed.
T11 2285-2430 Epistemic_statement denotes This possibility is the reason why accurate information about the incidence and severity of sepsis, be it in children or adults, is so important.
T12 2431-2561 Epistemic_statement denotes It is also why researchers should be careful in describing exactly which patients they are talking about and in interpreting data.
T13 2562-2754 Epistemic_statement denotes Although sepsis is instantly recognisable (although sadly, not always as instantly as it should be), many investigators are in creasingly uneasy about using it as the basis of clinical trials.
T14 2755-2929 Epistemic_statement denotes 6, 7 Schlapbach and colleagues have provided valuable data showing that sepsis in children remains a signifi cant challenge, and discarding the term sepsis would not be wise.
T15 2930-3107 Epistemic_statement denotes But paradoxically, meeting that challenge might mean that researchers no longer use sepsis as the starting point for clinical research in this diffi cult and frustrating fi eld.
T16 4473-4680 Epistemic_statement denotes The weakness, however, is that they are mainly descriptive and variations in disease patterns over the years might be attributed to evolving travel patterns including changes in destinations and itineraries.
T17 4681-4806 Epistemic_statement denotes Thus, shifts in disease trends should be inter preted with caution because they might simply be related to changing exposure.
T18 4954-5227 Epistemic_statement denotes Even with these inherent shortcomings in the dataset, the fi ndings that tuberculosis transmission within Europe remains a problem and that dengue transmission has occurred in Europe provide new and very valuable insights into the transmission dynamics of these infections.
T19 5399-5627 Epistemic_statement denotes The authors identifi ed travel to sub-Saharan Africa and Asia to be signifi cantly associated with acquisition of travel-related illnesses; data for immigration travel also showed increased acquisition in travellers from Africa.
T20 5788-5965 Epistemic_statement denotes Further, the authors show the association between dengue virus and certain destinations and countries of origin, highlighting the popular destinations for various nationalities.
T21 6126-6266 Epistemic_statement denotes 11 The detailed information provided by the authors might help national health authorities to formulate optimum advice for their travellers.
T22 6267-6440 Epistemic_statement denotes The patterns of disease shown by the European sites relate to global disease outbreaks-eg, the predominance of infl uenza H1N1 pandemic among respiratory infections in 2009.
T23 6876-7070 Epistemic_statement denotes Because chikungunya was fi rst documented in the Caribbean in December, 2013, travellers with exposure in the Americas would not have been included in this report by Schlagenhauf and colleagues.
T24 7071-7268 Epistemic_statement denotes Importantly, the association of pre-travel consultation with signifi cantly reduced proportionate morbidity for Plasmodium falciparum, HIV, and AIDS validates the goals of travel medicine practice.
T25 7269-7535 Epistemic_statement denotes The fi nding that smaller proportions of travellers visiting friends or relatives obtained pre-travel advice compared with tourist travellers supports policies aimed at improving the provision of pre-travel interventions for travellers visiting friends or relatives.
T26 7536-7587 Epistemic_statement denotes Despite all its merits, a fi nal challenge remains.
T27 7588-7833 Epistemic_statement denotes That is, the analysis cannot derive actual risk of acquiring each travel-related infection in view of its method of sampling through a consortium of travel and tropical medicine centres, which lacks a denominator-that is, the population at risk.
T28 7834-8277 Epistemic_statement denotes Nevertheless, this report on European travellers provides valuable information: an association of illness when travelling to sub-Saharan Africa and Asia; the potential of acquiring endemic infections even when travelling to other parts of Europe; an increased reporting of some vector-borne infections over time; the role of travellers as sentinels and disseminators of infections; and fi nally, the benefi ts of pre-travel health preparation.
T29 8407-8613 Epistemic_statement denotes Men who have sex with men (MSM) have a substantial burden of disease associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, including anogenital warts, anal cancer, penile cancers, and oropharyngeal cancers.
T30 8614-8693 Epistemic_statement denotes 1 However, the dynamics of HPV transmission in young MSM are poorly understood.
T31 9565-9702 Epistemic_statement denotes The transmission estimates are the best we have for adolescent MSM and the best data for this population that we will have any time soon.
T32 9836-9933 Epistemic_statement denotes It will be important as others cite and use these data to keep some of their limitations in mind.
T33 10160-10403 Epistemic_statement denotes Furthermore, although the entire sample used by Zou and colleagues was from Australia, 2 only 15% of the Goldstone sample was from Australia, 3 and they had markedly lower prevalence of HPV infection compared with the rest of the study sample.
T34 10587-10674 Epistemic_statement denotes These diff erences could bias estimates to be somewhat higher or lower than true rates.
T35 10675-10785 Epistemic_statement denotes Despite these and other potential limitations that Zou and colleagues note, their data are novel and valuable.
T36 10921-11077 Epistemic_statement denotes 4, 5 Zou and colleagues' fi ndings can inform policy decisions for the several countries that are debating routine provision of HPV vaccine to boys and men.
T37 11078-11287 Epistemic_statement denotes HPV vaccination programmes that target young MSM are appealing because they have higher risk for HPV-related disease than do other young men and are thus especially likely to receive benefi t from vaccination.
T38 11288-11375 Epistemic_statement denotes 6 However, evidence suggests that risk-based vaccination strategies are not successful.