Epistemic_Statements  

CORD-19:12f1cc78e99a0b82f3225d10abe9a5649f1b33fc JSONTXT 8 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE Lectin_function

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-113 Epistemic_statement denotes Prevalence of Antibodies to Four Human Coronaviruses Is Lower in Nasal Secretions than in Serum ᰔ Downloaded from
T2 124-320 Epistemic_statement denotes Little is known about the prevalence of mucosal antibodies induced by infection with human coronaviruses (HCoV), including HCoV-229E and -OC43 and recently described strains (HCoV-NL63 and -HKU1).
T3 1715-1938 Epistemic_statement denotes Patients likely had experienced infections with more than one HCoV strain, and IgG antibodies to these HCoV strains in serum were more likely to be detected than IgA antibodies to these HCoV strains in nasal wash specimens.
T4 2069-2393 Epistemic_statement denotes Four human coronavirus (HCoV) strains have been described, which are associated with a spectrum of disease, from mild, febrile upper respiratory tract illnesses to severe illnesses, including croup, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, and have a wide geographic distribution (1, 2, 6, 7, 9-14, 16, 20, 25, 26, 31, 32, 35, 39-46) .
T5 2394-2569 Epistemic_statement denotes HCoV infection has been a contributor to severe illnesses requiring emergency care and hospitalization of patients with chronic medical conditions (7, 9, 12, 15, 16, 21, 22) .
T6 2989-3183 Epistemic_statement denotes HCoV-NL63 may have infected human populations for a long time, since it diverged phylogenetically from HCoV-229E about 1,000 years ago (33) , and seroprevalence would likely be high as a result.
T7 3184-3506 Epistemic_statement denotes Cross-sectional and longitudinal seroepidemiological studies have found large proportions of children and healthy adults to have detectable serum antibodies to the four HCoV strains, and seroconversion occurs often in childhood; seroprevalence increases with age, and reinfections may occur (5, 8, 23, 28, (36) (37) (38) .
T8 3507-3697 Epistemic_statement denotes More information is needed about the seroprevalence of these viruses, the durability of the humoral immune response, correlates of immunity, and mucosal antibody responses to HCoV infection.
T9 3698-4006 Epistemic_statement denotes The present study questioned whether the prevalence of antibodies to the four HCoV strains would be different in nasal secretions than in serum of older adult veterans with underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who participated in Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study 448 (18) .
T10 4593-4830 Epistemic_statement denotes The paired serum and nasal wash specimens were collected at about 3 to 4 weeks following influenza virus vaccination between October 1998 and February 1999 and were not associated with acute respiratory illness at the time of collection.
T11 14040-14219 Epistemic_statement denotes Hence, the cross-reactive IgA antibodies to more than one viral strain that might be expected for high-titer specimens were often not present for a strain in the other HCoV group.
T12 14220-14466 Epistemic_statement denotes Since most sera had IgG antibodies to all four HCoV strains, we assessed correlations between serum IgG antibody titers against HCoV strains to characterize possible antigenic relationships between HCoV strains and groups based on seroreactivity.
T13 14865-15002 Epistemic_statement denotes Thus, these data are also consistent with patients having experienced infections with both group I and group II HCoV strains in the past.
T14 18483-18700 Epistemic_statement denotes Since the mean antibody titers against the HCoV strains in serum and also in nasal wash specimens were within about a 2-fold range, it is unclear if the statistical differences in mean titers are important clinically.
T15 18875-19403 Epistemic_statement denotes The findings may reflect previous infections of patients with more than one viral strain, antibody cross-reactivity between strains due to HCoV group-specific rather than strain-specific antigens, better induction of mucosal IgA antibodies by certain HCoV strains and a shorter period of detectability after infection in secretions than in serum, and a better preservation of antibodies in the nasal wash specimens with antibody to HCoV than in those that had no detectable anti-HCoV antibody despite similar storage conditions.
T16 19404-19561 Epistemic_statement denotes However, the amount of total IgA in the specimens did not decline during storage, so strainspecific IgA antibodies should not have decayed in storage either.
T17 19562-19756 Epistemic_statement denotes Correlation of serum IgG antibody titers within and across HCoV groups showed a more striking association between the levels of antibody to the HCoV strains within each group than across groups.
T18 19757-19846 Epistemic_statement denotes This may reflect antigenic crossreactivity within HCoV groups but less so between groups.
T19 20150-20305 Epistemic_statement denotes (36) , who described repeated significant increases in antibody longitudinally over time, suggesting that reinfections occurred with the same virus strain.
T20 21745-21897 Epistemic_statement denotes For unclear reasons, patients with a history of heart disease were more likely to have IgA antibodies to HCoV-NL63 in nasal wash specimens in our study.
T21 22475-22575 Epistemic_statement denotes Among the human coronaviruses, HCoV-NL63 in particular has been associated with croup (31, 35, 43) .
T22 22576-22667 Epistemic_statement denotes Two reports of IgA antibodies to HCoV in nasal secretions could be found in the literature.
T23 22953-23292 Epistemic_statement denotes Another previous report by Callow (4) suggested that HCoV-229E-specific antibodies in serum and nasal wash specimens were correlated with protection from experimental infection with HCoV-229E and disease, and IgA antibodies to HCoV-229E in nasal wash specimens were associated with a reduced duration of viral shedding in nasal secretions.
T24 23293-23575 Epistemic_statement denotes Hence, despite the near-universal presence of serum antibodies to the HCoV strains in our study, the lower rates of detectable IgA antibodies to HCoV suggest a possible reason for susceptibility to reinfections with HCoV, if IgA antibodies in nasal secretions are indeed protective.
T25 23676-23768 Epistemic_statement denotes It appears likely that patients may experience infections with more than one strain of HCoV.
T26 23982-24457 Epistemic_statement denotes Based on the much lower frequency of patients with HCoV-specific IgA antibody in nasal wash specimens than of those with IgG in serum in our older adult population, one might hypothesize that antibodies to HCoV in nasal secretions decline in titer more rapidly after infection than do serum antibodies or that infection does not induce IgA antibody to HCoV in nasal secretions to high titers or at all in a significant proportion of older, chronically ill patients with COPD.
T27 24458-24680 Epistemic_statement denotes Whether the induction of virus-specific, mucosal IgA antibodies by HCoV infection and their durability are different in older, chronically ill adults than in younger, healthy adults and children will require further study.
T28 24681-25074 Epistemic_statement denotes Delineation of the relative importance of IgA antibodies in nasal secretions and serum IgG antibodies as immune correlates of protection against infection with HCoV and the role that antibodies that cross-react among HCoV strains may play in protection from or pathogenesis of HCoV infection would assist in devising approaches to the development of vaccines that could prevent HCoV infection.