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CORD-19:f2350d58c349650fa25cdb2b61372f6f9b8e8d68 JSONTXT 7 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-73 Sentence denotes Archives of Virology Isolation and Characterization of a Canine Rotavirus
T2 75-83 Sentence denotes Abstract
T3 84-198 Sentence denotes Canine rotavirus particles were visualized by direct electron microscopy in the feces from a clinically-normM dog.
T4 199-324 Sentence denotes The virus was subsequently propagated in cell cnltures; it was chracterized and compared with rotaviruses from other species.
T5 325-462 Sentence denotes ICeplieation of the virus in cell culture was found to be less dependent upon trypsin than that of human, bovine and porcine rotaviruses.
T6 463-774 Sentence denotes Reproducible, sharp-edged plaques of various sizes were produced by the canine rotavirus in an established ceil line of fetal rhesus monkey kidney, MA104, under overlays of carboxymethyl cellulose or agarose, [ntraeytoplasmic inclusion bodies of different sizes and shapes were produced in infected MA104 cells.
T7 775-940 Sentence denotes By plaque reduction neutralization assay, a two-way antigenic relationship was found between the canine (CU-1) and simian (rhesus MMU 18006 and SA-1 t ) rotaviruses.
T8 941-1064 Sentence denotes The canine rotavirus had a one-way antigenic relationship with feline (Taka), bovine (NCDV), and porcine (OSU) rotaviruses.
T9 1065-1072 Sentence denotes 8 Arch.
T10 1073-1086 Sentence denotes ViroL 72/1 -2
T11 1088-1221 Sentence denotes t~otaviruses are among the m.ost important causative agents of acute neonatal gastroenteritis in various mammalian and avian species.
T12 1222-1440 Sentence denotes Rotaviruses have been detected in the feces of man, monkey, horse, cattle, bison, antelope, sheep, goat, deer, pig, cat, rabbit, guinea pig, mouse, chicken, turkey, duck and parrot (4, 10, 11, 13, 18, 20, 28, 29, 31) .
T13 1441-1575 Sentence denotes Recently the worldwide appearance of parvovirus enteritis in dogs has caused an intensified search for infectious agents in dog feces.
T14 1576-1714 Sentence denotes Subsequently, reports of visualization of rotavirus particles in canine feces, and in two cases cultivation porcine rotavirus (OSU) by Dr.
T15 1715-1717 Sentence denotes E.
T16 1718-1720 Sentence denotes H.
T17 1721-1758 Sentence denotes Bohl, simian rotavirus (SA-11) by Dr.
T18 1759-1761 Sentence denotes H.
T19 1762-1817 Sentence denotes MMherbe, and simian rotavirus (rhesus MMU 18006) by Dr.
T20 1818-1820 Sentence denotes N.
T21 1821-1823 Sentence denotes J.
T22 1824-1832 Sentence denotes Schmidt.
T23 1833-2034 Sentence denotes The DS-1 strain of human rotavirus is a reassortant virus between a temperature-sensitive mutant of a cultivatable bovine rotavirus (UK strain) and a noncultivatable human rotavirus (DS-1 strain) (t7).
T24 2035-2085 Sentence denotes All rotaviruses were plaque-purified prior to use.
T25 2087-2361 Sentence denotes Hyperimmune rabbit sera to canine and feline rotaviruses were prepared by intramuscular (i.m.) inoculation of 0.5 ml of purified virus mixed 0.5 ml Freund's incomplete adjuvant followed by two i.m. re-inoculations of 1.0 ml purified virus without adjuvant on days 21 and 28.
T26 2362-2414 Sentence denotes Rabbits were bled one week after the last injection.
T27 2415-2486 Sentence denotes All other hyperimmune antisera used were prepared in guinea pigs (17) .
T28 2487-2630 Sentence denotes Plastic six-well plates (Costar, Cambridge, Mass.) with confluent MA 104 cell monolayers were washed three times with Leibovitz L-15 medium (M.
T29 2631-2633 Sentence denotes A.
T30 2634-2874 Sentence denotes Bioproducts, Walkersville, Md.) supplemented with 0.5 percent gelatin-glutamine and antibiotics (L-15/gel) and inoculated with 0.5 ml of virus samples (pretreated for 60 minutes at 37 ° C with trypsin at a final concentration of I0 fxg/ml).
T31 2875-2941 Sentence denotes The virus inoeulum was allowed to adsorb for 60 minutes at 37 ° C.
T32 2942-3070 Sentence denotes Excess inoculum was then removed, plates were washed once with L-tb/gel and 5 ml of the overlay medium was applied to each well.
T33 3071-3284 Sentence denotes The overlay medium was either: a) Eagle's basal medium, 0.75 percent carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, Del.), antibiotics, 100 tzg DEAE-dextran/ ml (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Piscataway, N.
T34 3285-3493 Sentence denotes J.) and 0.5 izg 2× crystalline trypsin/ ml, or b) Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) containing 0.9 percent agarose, glutamine, antibiotics, 100 ~g DEAE-dextran/ml, and 0.5 ~zg 2 × crystalline trypsin/ml.
T35 3494-3640 Sentence denotes Vc'ith the use of CMC overlay, plates were stained with formalin/crystal violet solution after 5 days of incubation in a humidified CO2 incubator.
T36 3641-3780 Sentence denotes With the use of agarose overlay, plates were applied a second overlay containing neutral red (0.067 mg/ml) after 3 to 4 days of incubation.
T37 3781-3823 Sentence denotes Plaques were then counted 1--3 days later.
T38 3824-4086 Sentence denotes Plaque reduction neutralization tests were performed by mixing equal volumes of fourfold dilutions of sera (previously heat-inactivated at 56 ° C for 30 minutes) and the virus suspension diluted to contain approximately 30 plaque-forming units (PFU) 8* per welt.
T39 4087-4233 Sentence denotes After an incubation of 60 minutes at, 37 ° C, 1 ml aliquots of the virus-serum mixtures were inoculated onto the cell monolayers of 6-well plates.
T40 4234-4272 Sentence denotes Two wells were used for each dilution.
T41 4273-4492 Sentence denotes After 60 minutes of adsportion at 37 ° C, the inoculum was removed and the cell monolayers were washed once with L-15/gel, an overlay medium was applied, the cultures were incubated, stained and read as described above.
T42 4493-4635 Sentence denotes The neutralizing titer was expressed as the reciprocal of the calculated serum dilution causing a 60 percent reduction in plaque counts (57) .
T43 4636-4767 Sentence denotes Neutralization test criteria of significance were arbitrarily established on the basis of enterovirus standard system (7, 23, 35) .
T44 4768-5039 Sentence denotes If the difference between homologous and heterotogous neutralizing titers was tess than 20-fold, the serological relationship was considered to be significant; if the difference between titers was 20-fold or greater, viruses were considered to be significantly different.
T45 5040-5345 Sentence denotes Monolayers of MA 104 cells grown either on glass slides (Lab-Tek chamber slides, Lab-Tek Products, Napperville, Ill.) Or on coverslips in Leighton tubes infected with viruses, washed with PBS, fixed with acetone at --20°C for 15 minutes, airdried at room temperature, and then stored at --20°C until used.
T46 5346-5612 Sentence denotes The fixed celt cultures were stained by the indirect immunofluorescent methods using rabbit or canine sera and the corresponding fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated antigammaglobulin sofa or protein A-FITC conjugate (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Piscataway, N.
T47 5613-5617 Sentence denotes J.).
T48 5618-5664 Sentence denotes The slides were then eounterstained with a 1 :
T49 5665-5750 Sentence denotes 500 dilution of 1 percent Evans Blue in PBS for t0 minutes and washed twice with PBS.
T50 5751-5958 Sentence denotes After air -drying, slides were mounted with 50 percent glycerol in distilled water, and examined for specific flourescence with an epifluorescence UV microscope (Ernst Leitz, Ltd., Midland, Ontario, Canada).
T51 5959-6088 Sentence denotes In negatively stained preparations of the fecal sample, both double-shelled and single-shelled particles were observed (Fig. 1 ).
T52 6089-6206 Sentence denotes The canine rotavirus particles were indistinguishable in morphology from those of known rotaviruses of other species.
T53 6207-6362 Sentence denotes Double-shelled particles had sharply defined margins forming a continuous covering over the main capsid, which is characteristic for rotaviruses (26, 38) .
T54 6363-6474 Sentence denotes Smooth particles were approximately 70 nm in diameter and rough paI~icles were approximately 57 nm in diameter.
T55 6475-6661 Sentence denotes Complete particles showed a characteristic "spoke-like" arrangement of inner capsomeres surrounded by an outer layer, which gave a honeycomb-like appearance on the surface of the virion.
T56 6662-6740 Sentence denotes The first cythopathie effect (CPE) was observed i day after inoculation (DPI).
T57 6741-6924 Sentence denotes Many cells adhered to the glass wall by only a single process ("flagging" CPE), which is a characteristic cytopathic effect produced in vitro by rotaviruses (33) and reoviruses (43) .
T58 6925-7023 Sentence denotes As incubation progressed, these cells detached from the glass wall and floated free in the medium.
T59 7024-7114 Sentence denotes The rotavirus isolate (CU-i) could be passaged in MA 104 cells without the aid of trypsin.
T60 7115-7182 Sentence denotes Viruses were serially passaged more than ten times in MA 104 cells.
T61 7183-7263 Sentence denotes Virus particles were demonstrated by EM in cell culture lysates in all passages.
T62 7265-7345 Sentence denotes Canine rotavirus (CUd) induced intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in MAt04 cells.
T63 7346-7400 Sentence denotes Inclusions were first noticed 24 hours post-infection.
T64 7401-7565 Sentence denotes As incubation progressed, infected cells detached from the glass wall as noted above, however, inclusions were detectable in cells attached to the glass wall 5 DPI.
T65 7566-7622 Sentence denotes Inclusions were of different sizes and shapes (Fig. 2) .
T66 7623-7753 Sentence denotes Reproducible and clear-cut plaques were formed 5 D P I under the overlays of CIVIC or agarose in the wesenee of trypsin (Fig. 3) .
T67 7754-7981 Sentence denotes Although canine rotavirus readily replicated and produced CPE in monolayer cultures of MA104 cells in the absence of trypsin, detectable plaques were not formed even 8 D P I under the overlays of CMC or agarose without trypsin.
T68 7983-8120 Sentence denotes The antigenic relationship between canine and other mammalian rotaviruses was studied by plaque reduction neutralzation assay (Table 2) .
T69 8121-8298 Sentence denotes A two-way relationship between canine and simian (rhesus MMU 18006 and SA-11) rotaviruses was found, indicating that these viruses were similar, if not identical, by this assay.
T70 8299-8396 Sentence denotes In contrast, canine rotavirus (CU-t) was distinct from two human rotavirus strains (Wa and DS-1).
T71 8397-8593 Sentence denotes There was a one-way antigenic relationship between the canine and the feline, bovine and porcine rotaviruses; in each instance, serum. to the non-canine strain demonstrated the broader reactivity.
T72 8594-8775 Sentence denotes Virus-specific immunofluoreseence was demonstrated with rabbit immune serum but not with preimmunization serum in the cytoplasm of MA104 cells infected with canine rotavirus (CU-1).
T73 8776-8978 Sentence denotes In some infected cells, the areas of immunofluorescence were small and scattered in the cytoplasm (Fig. 4A) , while in other cases, the areas coaleseed to from large diffuse fluorescent foei (Fig. 4B) .
T74 8979-9155 Sentence denotes A crossreactive antigen(s) was demonstrated in the celts infected with canine rotavirus by indirect immunofluorescenee test (IFT) using hyperimmune anti-bovine rotavirus serum.
T75 9156-9329 Sentence denotes Canine rotavirus antigen was not stained by hyperimmune sera against reovirus type I, II, and III by IFT; neither did hyperimmune serum to rotavirus stain reovirus antigens.
T76 9330-9399 Sentence denotes Fluorescence was not detected in the uninfected control MA 104 cells.
T77 9401-9565 Sentence denotes Infected cell lysates were treated with trypsin (final concentration of trypsin at 10 fxg/ml), incubated for 1 hour at 37 ° C and then directly assayed by plaquing.
T78 9566-9622 Sentence denotes The PFU infectivity was enhanced approximately 100-fold.
T79 9623-9813 Sentence denotes In 1978 MCNULTY et al. (30) reported that antibody to rotavirus was detected by indirect immunofluorescent test (IFT) in 49 of 62 dogs (79 percent) from the Belfast area in Northern Ireland.
T80 9814-10000 Sentence denotes TAKAHASm et al. (48) in 1979 reported that 10 of 18 dogs (55.6 percent) in Aomori prefecture of Japan had antibody against calf rotavirus as determined by complement fixation test (CFT).
T81 10001-10326 Sentence denotes Since both IFT and CFT detect only group-specific antibodies, and rotaviruses from one species can infect another species (5, 8, 34, 36, 46, 50, 51, 52, 55) , it was not clear from these studies whether the antibodies in the dogs resulted from infection with distinctly canine rotavirus or with human or some other rotavirus.
T82 10327-10451 Sentence denotes EVGSTER and SIDWA (11) reported in 1979 that rotavirus was visualized by EM in feces from a 12-week-old puppy with diarrhea.
T83 10452-10507 Sentence denotes Virus isolation and characterization were not reported.
T84 10508-10664 Sentence denotes In 1980, E~-GLA~D and PosTo~ (9) reported visualization by EM and subsequent isolation in MDCK cells of a rotavirus from a dog with fatal neonatal diarrhea.
T85 10665-10837 Sentence denotes They also reported that experimental inoculation of two 6-month-old beagles with purified intestinal contents did not result in clinical signs of illness or virus shedding.
T86 10838-10956 Sentence denotes In 1981, FuLTO~ et al. (15) isolated a rotavirus from a newborn dog that died after having clinical signs of diarrhea.
T87 10957-11097 Sentence denotes They reported that their rotavirus isolate, "designated LSU 79--36, may be a specific canine rotavirus or a rotavirus from another species".
T88 11098-11175 Sentence denotes The results of the present study confirm the existence of a canine rotavirus.
T89 11176-11403 Sentence denotes This canine rotavirus (isolated in New York State) was found to be similar, if not identical, serologically by plaque reduction neutralization assay to simian rotaviruses isolated in California (47) and South Africa (Table 2 ).
T90 11404-11563 Sentence denotes However, they are different in RNA eleetropherotype, in hemagglutination pattern and in plaque size (HostIINO, Y., KALICA, A. t~. et al., unpublished results).
T91 11564-11743 Sentence denotes In addition, the relatedness of two rotaviruses based on serotype does not always correlate with the relatedness based on genotype (14, I-IosHINO, Y. et al., unpublished results).
T92 11744-11877 Sentence denotes Further biological and biochemical studies, including hybridization analysis, on both canine and rhesus rotaviruses, are in progress.
T93 11878-12077 Sentence denotes Whether these findings are unique to this specific isolate (CUd st~rMn) of canine rotavirus or this is a common characteristic of any canine rotavirus isolate is being investigated in our laboratory.
T94 12078-12233 Sentence denotes Recently we isolated by cloning two small variants of feline rotavirus which had a two-way antigenic relationship with the CU-1 strain of canine rotavirus.
T95 12234-12298 Sentence denotes Further studies on plaque variation of rotaviruses are underway.
T96 12299-12637 Sentence denotes No antigenic relationship was found between this canine rotavirus and two human rotaviruses by plaque reduction neutralization assay (Table 2) , although we have observed that there is a one-way antigenic relationship between this isolate of canine rotavirus and another strain of human rotavirus (Hosm•o, Y. et al., unpublished results).
T97 12638-12855 Sentence denotes Since dogs, as pets, have close contact with humans, it will be interesting to examine further the serological relationships between canine and human rotaviruses, and to look for evidence of interspecies transmission.
T98 12856-12992 Sentence denotes The negatively stained canine rotavirus particles were indistinguishable in morphology from those of known rotaviruses of other species.
T99 12993-13316 Sentence denotes The spoke-like arrangement of inner capsomeres of double-shelled particles, with a sharply defined outer capsid margin, differs from reovirus which has a featureless layer located either over or among capsomeres of the main capsid (21) , and from orbivirus which has a fuzzy indistinct layer covering the main eapsid (53) .
T100 13317-13426 Sentence denotes Rotaviruses are, in general, difficult to isolate and to grow in cell cultures using conventional techniques.
T101 13427-13671 Sentence denotes However, certain strains may be serially propagated in cell cultures if the virus inuculum is treated with proteolytic enzymes or if proteolytic enzymes are incorporated into the medium after infection (1, 2, 3, 6, 16, 40, 41, 44, 45, 49, 56) .
T102 13672-13875 Sentence denotes ENGI, A~D and POSTON (9) reported that rotavirus observed in feces by E?¢[ from a diarrheal dog grew in cell cultures with the aid of trypsin, but did not grow in cell cultures without trypsin treatment.
T103 13876-13974 Sentence denotes Our isolate, canine rotavirus CU-1, readily replicated in cell cultures without trypsin treatment.
T104 13975-14094 Sentence denotes Both double-shelled and single-shelled virus particles were demonstrated by EM in cell culture lysates in all passages.
T105 14095-14368 Sentence denotes It has been reported that both simian and bovine rotaviruses induced intracytoplasmic inclusoin bodies which were small with clearly defined round or oval outlines, and they did not coalesce to from large bodies such as those seen in cells infected with reovirus (27, 54) .
T106 14369-14465 Sentence denotes Canine rotavirus, CUd, produced intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in different sizes and shapes.
T107 14466-14635 Sentence denotes Some were small and multiple as have been reported for those induced by bovine and simian rotaviruses and some were large and coalesced like those induced by reoviruses.
T108 14636-14722 Sentence denotes The size and shape of inclusion bodies may depend upon each virus-cell culture system.
T109 14723-14850 Sentence denotes We observed large inclusions in bovine rotavirus/MA104 cell and simian rotavirus/MA 104 cell systems (unpublished observation).
T110 14851-15017 Sentence denotes Further serological studies will determine antibody prevalence to canine rotavirus and establish whether or not infection with this strain is associated with disease.
T111 15018-15177 Sentence denotes If canine rotavirus (CU-1) is found to be of low virulence, it may be evaluated as a potential vaccine strain for use in homologous or even hetero]ogous hosts.
T112 15178-15312 Sentence denotes The potential use of a heterologous bovine rotavirus for possible use as a vaccine for humans has been suggested previously (25, 55) .