CORD-19_Custom_license_subset  

CORD-19:6e21cbeef3691e8702f7da5d59564a69bc597a5a JSONTXT 9 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 2-10 Sentence denotes Abstract
T2 11-233 Sentence denotes Appropriate precautions are critical to minimize damage to the body during recovery and removal from a scene and transit to the mortuary to allow for accurate interpretation of injury and the minimization of contamination.
T3 234-325 Sentence denotes Many elements of the investigation may be affected by the way in which tasks are conducted.
T4 326-511 Sentence denotes Members of numerous jurisdictions must all work together to ensure the best outcome both from a forensic point of view and also in preserving and respecting the dignity of the deceased.
T5 512-692 Sentence denotes This chapter will outline the techniques necessary for preserving the body and associated evidence during transport, including specific considerations for different types of cases.
T6 694-851 Sentence denotes The manner in which a body is retrieved from the scene of death and handled during transport to the mortuary can alter the appearance of the deceased person.
T7 852-975 Sentence denotes This may thereby influence the subsequent evaluation of evidence or interpretation of injuries by the forensic pathologist.
T8 976-1154 Sentence denotes It is vital that the police members, the pathologist, and the body transporters work together to ensure the deceased are handled appropriately to ensure this effect is minimized.
T9 1155-1307 Sentence denotes Any clothing, property, or evidence noted on the body at the scene should remain in its original position, for example, a ligature in a case of hanging.
T10 1308-1419 Sentence denotes The position and integrity of all extracorporeal material should be protected while in transit to the mortuary.
T11 1420-1555 Sentence denotes Furthermore, any interference with the deceased, including precautions taken to prevent evidence being destroyed, should be documented.
T12 1556-1705 Sentence denotes All staff involved in recovering and transporting bodies need to be aware of procedures used to maintain the continuity of the property and evidence.
T13 1706-1865 Sentence denotes All persons present must wear appropriate personal protective equipment and be trained in procedures to minimize both infectious and cross-contamination risks.
T14 1866-2050 Sentence denotes It is essential that all staff are familiar with crime-scene procedures and appropriate chain of command and are well versed with protocols for dealing with media and public attention.
T15 2051-2221 Sentence denotes Staff should be alert and observant and at all times prepared to maintain the necessary evidentiary chain and to minimize interference with the integrity of the deceased.
T16 2222-2321 Sentence denotes Above all, staff dealing with deceased persons should at all times treat the deceased with dignity.
T17 2322-2464 Sentence denotes The way in which a body is preserved prior to its removal from the scene of death will depend significantly on the circumstances of the death.
T18 2465-2568 Sentence denotes In some cases crucial forensic evidence may be lost if precautions to guard against this are not taken.
T19 2569-2691 Sentence denotes In many cases protecting the clothing, body, and hands of the deceased will assist with the preservation of this evidence.
T20 2692-2728 Sentence denotes There are numerous means to do this.
T21 2729-2883 Sentence denotes The hands may be covered with paper bags and secured around the wrists with tape, ensuring the presence of injury or evidence is not obscured nor altered.
T22 2884-2984 Sentence denotes In some cases, additional measures may need to be taken to assist with the preservation of evidence.
T23 2985-3055 Sentence denotes These include protecting the body parts themselves from being damaged.
T24 3056-3212 Sentence denotes In cases where significant incineration or decomposition has occurred, parts of the body may be wrapped individually to prevent them from becoming detached.
T25 3213-3450 Sentence denotes Any precautions such as these must always be clearly noted, performed in the presence of the pathologist or homicide detective, and commenced only after the police, pathologist, and crime-scene examiners have completed their examination.
T26 3451-3627 Sentence denotes In every case, prior to the deceased being removed from the scene the following procedures should be implemented to maintain the integrity and chain of custody of the deceased:
T27 3628-3701 Sentence denotes • The body is allocated a unique identifying number and labeled securely.
T28 3702-3784 Sentence denotes • The body is wrapped in clean plastic or linen sheeting and placed in a body bag.
T29 3785-3870 Sentence denotes Where indicated, the body and scene are photographed and examined for trace evidence.
T30 3871-3965 Sentence denotes Where appropriate, the body is searched, and clothing and property are documented and removed.
T31 3966-4106 Sentence denotes There are a number of different techniques employed in moving a body; however, in the majority of cases a standard procedure can be applied.
T32 4107-4275 Sentence denotes After being identified and labeled, the deceased may simply be carefully lifted and placed on to a bed sheet, length of plastic, or body bag, and wrapped for transport.
T33 4276-4551 Sentence denotes With particularly heavy bodies, decomposed, or fragile remains, rather than lifting, it is recommended to roll the deceased one way, placing the body bag beneath, and then roll the body the other way, pulling the body bag across underneath the body (Eitzen and Byard, 2013) .
T34 4552-4644 Sentence denotes It is important for the body not to be dragged or forcibly lifted, as this may cause damage.
T35 4645-4789 Sentence denotes Being mindful of the risk of physical injury, standard lifting techniques should be used, in accordance with jurisdictional work-safe practices.
T36 4790-4879 Sentence denotes All equipments used should be of good quality, easily obtainable, and in adequate supply:
T37 4880-4882 Sentence denotes 1.
T38 4883-4986 Sentence denotes Plastic zip-lock bagsto seal and transfer property, clothing, or evidence not attached to the deceased.
T39 4987-4989 Sentence denotes 2.
T40 4990-5032 Sentence denotes Labelsto label property and evidence bags.
T41 5033-5153 Sentence denotes They should be appropriate for use with permanent marker, waterproof, and freezer grade, suitable for long-term storage.
T42 5154-5156 Sentence denotes 3.
T43 5157-5408 Sentence denotes Glovesmultiple sizes and types, thin disposable gloves for ease of use, heavier duty for infectious cases, or cut resistant gloves for bodies with sharp edges such as incinerated remains, and specialized gloves for use with chemically hazardous cases.
T44 5409-5411 Sentence denotes 4.
T45 5412-5509 Sentence denotes Body tagsit is of utmost importance that body tags are appropriately selected based on case type.
T46 5510-5561 Sentence denotes They must be strong, waterproof, and easy to label.
T47 5562-5723 Sentence denotes They must be attachable to the deceased in such a way that will not interfere with the integrity of the deceased or alter the appearance of injuries or clothing.
T48 5724-5903 Sentence denotes To minimize confusion it is wise to label the deceased twice, that is, one tag securely attached to the person, for example, wrist or ankle, and another tag on the outer bag area.
T49 5904-5906 Sentence denotes 5.
T50 5907-5990 Sentence denotes Stretcher or plastic skedto enable lifting and transfer of heavy or awkward bodies.
T51 5991-6134 Sentence denotes These tools are also used in the exhumation of buried remains or the lifting of fragile skeletal cases to prevent the body from disintegrating.
T52 6135-6137 Sentence denotes 6.
T53 6138-6450 Sentence denotes Body bagsall bags should exhibit the following characteristics: a. constructed of tough waterproof material, b. have strong zips with covers to prevent leakage, c. be generous in size to allow for bodies in rigor mortis, or showing extensive decomposition, and d. have at least four (ideally six) sturdy handles.
T54 6451-6453 Sentence denotes 7.
T55 6454-6820 Sentence denotes Additional equipment may include plastic and linen sheeting and towels; various types of indelible markers; heavy-duty tape for sealing and securing bags; cotton wool and superglue; disinfectant spray and cleaning equipment; plastic aprons and safety equipment such as respirators, face masks, and protective eyewear; and a change of clothes and protective footwear.
T56 6821-6906 Sentence denotes It is vital that all property and clothing are handled according to strict protocols.
T57 6907-7122 Sentence denotes While systems for handling such material will vary between jurisdictions, it is good practice (for routine cases) that all clothing and property not integral to the investigation is left at the home of the deceased.
T58 7123-7287 Sentence denotes In such instances, once the police and forensic pathologist are satisfied the case is routine in nature, the clothing and property are removed and clearly recorded.
T59 7288-7468 Sentence denotes In the description of such items, generic terms should be used at all times; for example, a gold ring with rubies should be described as a gold-colored ring with redcolored stones.
T60 7469-7630 Sentence denotes It is recommended that the removal of clothing and property be done in the presence of two independent parties such as a police officer and the body transporter.
T61 7631-7749 Sentence denotes Both parties will then sign the accompanying documentation in order to maintain a clear chain of custody of the items.
T62 7750-7953 Sentence denotes On occasion it is inappropriate to remove the clothing and property at the scene, for example, when the death occurs somewhere other than at the person's home, or for cases that are nonroutine in nature.
T63 7954-8106 Sentence denotes In this instance any clothing, property, and extracorporeal material will be removed on arrival at the mortuary or after examination by the pathologist.
T64 8107-8257 Sentence denotes Again an independent person should witness the forensic technician removing the clothing and property and sign the appropriate property documentation.
T65 8258-8373 Sentence denotes It should always be assumed that the family would like the clothing and property returned, regardless of the state.
T66 8374-8544 Sentence denotes When this occurs, whether it is via the funeral director or the family directly, custody details should be recorded on the property sheet and cosigned by the two parties.
T67 8545-8643 Sentence denotes The preservation of evidence during victim recovery is of utmost importance for suspicious deaths.
T68 8644-8785 Sentence denotes The body should only be touched or moved in consultation with the police, forensic scientists, and the forensic pathologist (Geberth, 1996) .
T69 8786-8952 Sentence denotes Prior to removal, the body should be carefully placed on a sheet of plastic and then into a body bag, which is sealed in the presence of investigating police members.
T70 8953-8994 Sentence denotes The reasons for this process are twofold:
T71 8995-9178 Sentence denotes 1. to ensure no fibers or trace evidence are lost; and 2. to maintain an appropriate chain of custody of the deceased, all clothing and property, and any evidentiary material present.
T72 9179-9330 Sentence denotes In the majority of these cases, it is important that the deceased person remains absolutely undisturbed before examination by the forensic pathologist.
T73 9331-9440 Sentence denotes This ensures accurate interpretation of evident disturbances to the deceased, his/her clothing, and property.
T74 9441-9619 Sentence denotes For example, in cases of sexual assault the disarray of clothing may provide the pathologist with an indication of such an assault, and might highlight the possibility of injury.
T75 9620-9789 Sentence denotes In addition, the clothing folds may contain evidence such as semen, hairs, or fibers that would otherwise be disturbed in removing the clothing or transporting the body.
T76 9790-10007 Sentence denotes Alternatively, folds or patterns in clothing where it is bunched about the deceased may be causative of certain injuries, the interpretation of which is best performed in conjunction with viewing the clothing in situ.
T77 10008-10158 Sentence denotes However, in certain circumstances it may be advantageous to remove clothing or evidence at the scene, for example, to preserve blood-spatter evidence.
T78 10159-10297 Sentence denotes This should only occur at the direction of the investigating police members and after specific consultation with the forensic pathologist.
T79 10298-10428 Sentence denotes All personnel involved with a suspicious death should be trained in dealing with continuity of evidence and associated procedures.
T80 10429-10544 Sentence denotes In such cases, a police officer should accompany the deceased to the mortuary and oversee the transfer of the body.
T81 10545-10699 Sentence denotes The training of staff in these procedures, and specific advice regarding requirements given to hospital staff, ensures there is consistency between cases.
T82 10700-10830 Sentence denotes In some cases, funeral directors and hospital staff may have 'prepared' the body before its removal from the ward to the mortuary.
T83 10831-10983 Sentence denotes This preparation includes the body being laid in the anatomical position with the hands and feet tied and cotton wool being placed in all body orifices.
T84 10984-11146 Sentence denotes These procedures should not occur in forensic cases as they may produce postmortem artefact or injury, which is sometimes difficult to interpret at a later stage.
T85 11147-11328 Sentence denotes Occasionally, a case which initially seems straightforward and will evolve under further investigation to be more complex and as such may require more detailed forensic examination.
T86 11329-11380 Sentence denotes Hence these procedures are important in every case.
T87 11381-11595 Sentence denotes All treatment and resuscitation equipments such as intravenous lines, cardiac resuscitation pads, or wound dressings must be left in situ to be assessed as part of the autopsy examination (Burton and Rutty, 2010) .
T88 11596-11754 Sentence denotes The peripheral parts of severely incinerated bodies, particularly small bones and teeth of the deceased, may be fragile, and at risk of being damaged or lost.
T89 11755-11819 Sentence denotes Care should be taken both in preparing for and during transport.
T90 11820-11934 Sentence denotes When stabilizing stretchers and bodies in bags or in vehicles, care must be taken not to crush the fragile tissue.
T91 11935-12015 Sentence denotes Elastic ties or 'seatbelts' may be used in place of more rigid-type stabilizers.
T92 12016-12216 Sentence denotes In any case where the deceased is unrecognizable visually, establishing identity will be an important part of the investigation, and the incineration of bodies makes the identification very difficult.
T93 12217-12350 Sentence denotes A commonly used method is for a forensic odontologist to compare the antemortem dental records with the teeth of the deceased person.
T94 12351-12482 Sentence denotes The teeth and bones are often very brittle and fragile and often teeth may be broken or lost during transportation to the mortuary.
T95 12483-12678 Sentence denotes To prevent this, the head may be photographed in situ and then wrapped in cotton wool or bubble wrap, and supported by a plastic bag or container which is secured around the neck of the deceased.
T96 12679-12748 Sentence denotes Thus if the teeth are dislodged they remain contained within the bag.
T97 12749-13297 Sentence denotes It is important that any body part found at the scene and not attached to the deceased is not assumed to belong to the deceased, and as such is bagged separately from the body and clearly labeled both in regards to its physical description and the specific location in which it was found, for example, 'tooth found in the vicinity of body X.' After the body is moved, the ash and debris on the floor or ground in the immediate vicinity should be carefully searched and sifted to screen for teeth, small bones, or other matter important to the case.
T98 13298-13421 Sentence denotes This sifting is most appropriately done at the mortuary where lighting is optimal and suitable equipment readily available.
T99 13422-13577 Sentence denotes The debris should be bagged and labeled according to the section of body immediately above it, and should be transferred to the mortuary with the deceased.
T100 13578-13727 Sentence denotes It is recommended that the odontologist assists at the scene investigation to ensure the integrity and safety of the deceased person (Bassed, 2003) .
T101 13728-13826 Sentence denotes In many cases of suspected suicide, items contributing to the death are found on or near the body.
T102 13827-13908 Sentence denotes In some cases this evidence may be the only indication of what may have occurred.
T103 13909-14028 Sentence denotes It is thus important that anything attached to the body remains as such and its position preserved as best as possible.
T104 14029-14207 Sentence denotes This is to ensure the items can be examined with specific relation to their position on the deceased, in connection to additional devices, and any injury it/they may have caused.
T105 14208-14304 Sentence denotes In rare cases this technique can help rule out the involvement of any other person in the death.
T106 14305-14440 Sentence denotes In addition, as mentioned previously, if the evidence is removed before the pathologist's examination the mode of death may be unclear.
T107 14441-14542 Sentence denotes On occasion the item may have been removed on discovery of the deceased to assist with resuscitation.
T108 14543-14665 Sentence denotes In this instance, care should be taken to ensure the items are bagged individually and clearly labeled for transportation.
T109 14666-14747 Sentence denotes For example, in a case of hanging, the ligature should remain intact and in situ.
T110 14748-14873 Sentence denotes Where the deceased is suspended, the rope should be cut away from the suspension point, leaving the knots/attachments intact.
T111 14874-15131 Sentence denotes If the ligature has been removed from the neck to facilitate resuscitation, the section of the ligature originally in contact with the deceased should be reconstructed, the ends tied together with string, then bagged, labeled, and transported with the body.
T112 15132-15328 Sentence denotes Where there is evidence that has legal requirements for transport, such as firearms, drugs, or volatile substances, the chain of custody of these items should be documented clearly and completely.
T113 15329-15496 Sentence denotes The police or ballistics expert experienced in safe handling procedures usually transports or may offer advice in the handling of firearms and other dangerous weapons.
T114 15497-15510 Sentence denotes Case study 1:
T115 15511-15617 Sentence denotes Police attended the premises of a residential unit and observed an 82-year-old female deceased in her bed.
T116 15618-15694 Sentence denotes Her family had discovered she had passed away and phoned emergency services.
T117 15695-15727 Sentence denotes Resuscitation was not attempted.
T118 15728-15842 Sentence denotes On further investigation, it was discovered the female had no relevant medical history and death was not expected.
T119 15843-15938 Sentence denotes She had been treated for depression following the death of her husband some 5 years previously.
T120 15939-16101 Sentence denotes On learning of the necessity for autopsy, the next of kin informed police members that the deceased had initially been found with a plastic bag covering her head.
T121 16102-16164 Sentence denotes This had been removed and concealed prior to their attendance.
T122 16165-16360 Sentence denotes When a gun is fired, gunshot residues (GSR) are ejected from the weapon onto the hands and clothing of the person firing the weapon and, to a lesser degree, any persons in the immediate vicinity.
T123 16361-16628 Sentence denotes Assessment of the presence and distribution of GSR on the individuals present at the scene of death can assist police with the inclusion or exclusion of suspects and assist them in determining the appropriate position of other people present at the time of the event.
T124 16629-16778 Sentence denotes Ideally, this assessment should be performed as soon as possible after the incident and before the transport of the deceased (Dodd and Byrne, 2006) .
T125 16779-16930 Sentence denotes In some instances this is neither practical nor timely, and it is recommended this procedure be done after the deceased is transported to the mortuary.
T126 16931-17013 Sentence denotes In this situation any GSR on the deceased person must be preserved during transit.
T127 17014-17135 Sentence denotes To do this, the deceased is transported in a sealed body bag, and the clothing of the deceased should remain undisturbed.
T128 17136-17195 Sentence denotes In addition, paper bags are placed securely over the hands.
T129 17196-17344 Sentence denotes It is essential that paper bags be used rather than plastic as the hands may sweat if contained in plastic, which can alter the presence of the GSR.
T130 17345-17558 Sentence denotes MSCT scanning has proven useful in early identification of the location and number of projectiles or foreign bodies in particular where cases are visually unrecognizable due to trauma (Drummer and Cordner, 2011) .
T131 17559-17748 Sentence denotes The body transporters must be aware of this as a projectile may be on the surface of the skin or in the clothing and as such there is a risk of disturbance when the body is initially moved.
T132 17749-17926 Sentence denotes After the deceased is transferred on to a stretcher and removed from the scene, the immediate vicinity of the deceased is searched carefully for projectiles or spent cartridges.
T133 17927-17940 Sentence denotes Case study 2:
T134 17941-17992 Sentence denotes A deceased man argued with his wife for many years.
T135 17993-18091 Sentence denotes He had a well-documented social history of violent, abusive behavior, and a familiarity with guns.
T136 18092-18192 Sentence denotes He locked himself in a spare bedroom when his wife stormed out after a particularly heated argument.
T137 18193-18293 Sentence denotes She returned home some hours later to find him deceased on the bed with a gunshot wound to the head.
T138 18294-18334 Sentence denotes The body was described and photographed.
T139 18335-18456 Sentence denotes Two weapons were found in the immediate vicinity of the deceased and he had many additional weapons within the household.
T140 18457-18542 Sentence denotes The case was reported to the coroner as suspected suicidal gunshot wound to the head.
T141 18543-18614 Sentence denotes On admission to the Forensic Institute, four gunshot wounds were noted.
T142 18615-18672 Sentence denotes The case was X-rayed and found to contain no projectiles.
T143 18673-18800 Sentence denotes The projectiles were later found, one having entered the neck, exited through the top of the head, and embedded in the ceiling.
T144 18801-18883 Sentence denotes The other dislodged in transit and was found amongst the clothing of the deceased.
T145 18884-19163 Sentence denotes On the basis of this information, the location and track of the two wounds, and the results of samples taken from the hands of the deceased for analysis of GSR, the pathologist was satisfied that this was a rare case of gunshot suicide involving two weapons fired simultaneously.
T146 19164-19299 Sentence denotes A number of precautions were taken at the scene prior to transport of the deceased, which may have impacted on the outcome of the case.
T147 19300-19315 Sentence denotes These included:
T148 19316-19421 Sentence denotes • wrapping the head of the deceased in cotton wool to preserve the presence and situation of projectiles;
T149 19422-19501 Sentence denotes • securing the hands of the deceased in paper bags to promote sampling for GSR;
T150 19502-19590 Sentence denotes • photographing the deceased in situ with the two weapons in the immediate vicinity; and
T151 19591-19725 Sentence denotes • demonstrating the patterns of blood spatter on the wall behind the deceased and a defect in the ceiling from one of the projectiles.
T152 19726-19795 Sentence denotes Dealing with a decomposed body involves a number of associated risks.
T153 19796-19876 Sentence denotes Flies and maggots are often present, as are spiders, beetles, and other insects.
T154 19877-20000 Sentence denotes The decomposing body presents a difficult situation, in terms of body removal, which may be dealt with in a number of ways.
T155 20001-20081 Sentence denotes The body may be very bloated or fragile, and sometimes beginning to break apart.
T156 20082-20239 Sentence denotes Moving a severely decomposed body can complicate this process further and if care is not taken, may result in the removal of skin or the detachment of limbs.
T157 20240-20395 Sentence denotes To overcome this, rather than lifting the body on to plastic, it should be carefully rolled on to its side, and the plastic tucked underneath the deceased.
T158 20396-20503 Sentence denotes The body can then be lifted using the plastic to hold the remains intact and gently placed into a body bag.
T159 20504-20691 Sentence denotes Care should be taken to avoid being bitten or stung; however, fly spray or deodorizer should not be used on the body as it may interfere with toxicological and/or microbiological testing.
T160 20692-20817 Sentence denotes Fluid-filled blisters, called buboes, may rupture and splash body transporters, and appropriate safety attire should be worn.
T161 20818-21038 Sentence denotes It is recommended that a multidisciplinary approach to the scene investigation of the decomposed case is taken, utilizing the experience, where necessary, of both entomologists and anthropologists (Archer et al., 2005) .
T162 21039-21217 Sentence denotes The process of recovering skeletal remains is slow and meticulous as the soil and vegetation deposited after the death are removed layer by layer without disturbing the skeleton.
T163 21218-21304 Sentence denotes The bones are packed in paper bags either grouped or separately depending on the case.
T164 21305-21467 Sentence denotes It is recommended that the skull is wrapped in cotton wool and supported by a box or container, similar to the procedure used when recovering incinerated remains.
T165 21468-21735 Sentence denotes In some circumstances where some tissue is still attached to the bones, and the deceased is not completely skeletonized it may be more beneficial to slide a large board underneath the deceased and lift the remains with the board, keeping it intact for transportation.
T166 21736-21890 Sentence denotes As with incinerated bodies, the soil around the deceased should be bagged, labeled, and sifted later to search for teeth, small bones, and other evidence.
T167 21891-22085 Sentence denotes The advice of the forensic anthropologist in scene recovery is critical to the retrieval of all small remains and the exclusion of nonhuman skeletal elements (Archer et al., 2005; Bassed 2003 ).
T168 22086-22182 Sentence denotes The recovery of diving fatalities presents one of the more difficult situations in body removal.
T169 22183-22360 Sentence denotes The equipment may provide vital information as to the cause of death or the circumstances immediately before death and thus it must all remain intact and accompany the deceased.
T170 22361-22419 Sentence denotes This procedure presents a bulky and awkward body transfer.
T171 22420-22607 Sentence denotes Ideally an expert should be present at the scene to examine the equipment, ensuring all valves are turned off, and settings are secure so as not to be accidentally altered during transit.
T172 22608-22713 Sentence denotes In diving fatalities, radiography (X-ray or CT) for air embolism should be performed as soon as possible.
T173 22714-22842 Sentence denotes In light of this, it is crucial that the body be transported as quickly as possible to the mortuary (Edmonds and Caruso, 2014) .
T174 22843-23090 Sentence denotes Universal precautions to minimize the spread of infectious disease should be employed with each body removal regardless of its infectious state, and all bodies treated as potentially infectious; personal protective equipment should always be worn.
T175 23091-23162 Sentence denotes However, certain cases are deemed high risk purely due to their nature.
T176 23163-23274 Sentence denotes These high-risk cases include intravenous drug users, prostitutes, homosexuals, or persons recently imprisoned.
T177 23275-23428 Sentence denotes If this is the situation, extra care should be taken to avoid contact with body fluids and safety glasses, surgical masks, and double gloves may be worn.
T178 23429-23499 Sentence denotes Staff should always be observant for sharps and other foreign objects.
T179 23500-23621 Sentence denotes To prevent splashes, a towel or absorbent material can be placed over any open wounds or the face of the deceased person.
T180 23622-23915 Sentence denotes In cases where there is identified risk for an airborne biohazard such as tuberculosis or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), a towel should be placed over the face to prevent the escape of sputum or other fluids, and an appropriate face mask or respirator worn by the body transporters.
T181 23916-24161 Sentence denotes Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Hazards Before a contaminated body is recovered and transported, the contaminant must be identified and assessed to ensure the appropriate precautions are taken to maintain a safe work environment.
T182 24162-24255 Sentence denotes In many instances, once the body is removed from the scene the level of contamination is low.
T183 24256-24345 Sentence denotes However, each situation needs to be separately and fully assessed on an individual basis.
T184 24346-24517 Sentence denotes Representatives from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or WorkSafe or similar occupational health and safety authorities may be able to offer advice on specific risks.
T185 24518-24651 Sentence denotes If the contaminant cannot be identified, the case should be treated as highly toxic and maximum protection should be worn by workers.
T186 24652-24713 Sentence denotes In extreme cases the body is decontaminated prior to removal.
T187 24714-24847 Sentence denotes To do this, it is recommended that the body be photographed in situ, and then the clothing and property removed, bagged, and labeled.
T188 24848-24945 Sentence denotes Scene workers wearing selfcontained breathing apparatus should then repeatedly hose the deceased.
T189 24946-25064 Sentence denotes Generally, the fire brigade controls the scene, and only personnel trained in decontamination procedures should enter.
T190 25065-25265 Sentence denotes In any case where there is suspicion of chemical contamination, a safety officer should be assigned to monitor the level of toxic fumes continually and ensure that the safety of the staff is adequate.
T191 25266-25462 Sentence denotes In the event of a mass disaster, body recovery can be crucial in assisting in both the final identification of the deceased person and the reconstruction of the events just prior to the incident .
T192 25463-25666 Sentence denotes The international disaster victim identification (DVI) forms published by Interpol are well-recognized as the preferred method for documenting body recovery and identification in the event of a disaster.
T193 25667-25836 Sentence denotes Systematic recording and accurate descriptions of deceased persons involved in a mass fatality incident are essential to facilitate adequate reconstruction of the event.
T194 25837-25923 Sentence denotes The likelihood of some element of criminality being associated with the event is high.
T195 25924-26058 Sentence denotes In light of this, all deceased persons should be treated as suspicious deaths irrespective of the size, location, or type of disaster.
T196 26059-26254 Sentence denotes Depending on the nature, scale, and location of the incident, the mortuary to be utilized for transport may be an existing mortuary, a purpose built temporary mortuary, or a combination of both .
T197 26255-26394 Sentence denotes Regardless of the destination, the recovery of the deceased persons from the scene of death should be consistent, accurate, and respectful.
T198 26395-26436 Sentence denotes The DVI protocol consists of five phases:
T199 26437-26542 Sentence denotes phase 1the scene phase 2the mortuary phase 3antemortem retrieval phase 4reconciliation phase 5debriefing.
T200 26543-26634 Sentence denotes Once the injured have been triaged and removed from the scene, the scene should be secured.
T201 26635-26662 Sentence denotes DVI scene teams are formed.
T202 26663-26741 Sentence denotes These teams consist of a crime-scene examiner, a photographer, and a recorder.
T203 26742-26802 Sentence denotes A pathologist and a forensic odontologist support each team.
T204 26803-26930 Sentence denotes The location of each body or specimen is recorded such that it is related to a known reference point, usually a grid reference.
T205 26931-26986 Sentence denotes A unique DVI number is given to each body or body part.
T206 26987-27100 Sentence denotes Property not attached to a body is also recorded with reference to its location and handed to a property officer.
T207 27101-27202 Sentence denotes The Interpol DVI form B is completed and the body or body part is moved to an appointed holding area.
T208 27203-27300 Sentence denotes During phase 1 the pathologist certifies death and assists with the identification of body parts.
T209 27301-27355 Sentence denotes The body is transported to the mortuary in a body bag.
T210 27356-27417 Sentence denotes Once at the mortuary, the body is radiographed and autopsied.
T211 27418-27475 Sentence denotes The autopsy involves the assistance of DVI autopsy teams.
T212 27476-27543 Sentence denotes These teams consist of a recorder, an examiner, and a photographer.
T213 27544-27674 Sentence denotes With the assistance of a pathologist and a forensic technician, the DVI teams record and photograph all the clothing and property.
T214 27675-27796 Sentence denotes Once the body has been photographed, identifying features such as hair color, eye color, scars, and tattoos are recorded.
T215 27797-27977 Sentence denotes The autopsy is performed and the recorder again documents all details that may be utilized during the identification, such as the presence of an appendix, gallbladder, or foreskin.
T216 27978-28096 Sentence denotes A forensic odontologist examines the teeth of the body; and fingerprint personnel take fingerprints where appropriate.
T217 28097-28200 Sentence denotes During the autopsy examination a sample of blood or tissue is retained for DNA analysis and comparison.
T218 28201-28262 Sentence denotes These details are all recorded on DVI Interpol forms C1 to G.
T219 28263-28449 Sentence denotes Trained police personnel interview family members of missing persons (presumed to have died in the mass disaster) to gather information regarding all identifying features of that person.
T220 28450-28605 Sentence denotes This includes the color and type of clothes that the person may have worn and other identifying features such as hair color, eye color, scars, and tattoos.
T221 28606-28753 Sentence denotes They are also responsible for gathering the dental and medical records, and where relevant the collection of antemortem samples for DNA comparison.
T222 28754-28869 Sentence denotes Antemortem forms and postmortem forms completed during phases 1 and 2 are compared during the reconciliation phase.
T223 28870-29033 Sentence denotes This comparison is achieved systematically using a reconciliation chart and grouping each set into male and female, black and white, and ages 0-15, 15-75, 75 plus.
T224 29034-29089 Sentence denotes If in doubt, the deceased is placed in the 15-75 group.
T225 29090-29258 Sentence denotes The final identification of each case is presented to the coroner along with an appointed identification panel for the final decision and authority to confirm identity.
T226 29259-29360 Sentence denotes It is essential for all staff involved in the body recovery of a mass disaster to undergo debriefing.
T227 29361-29595 Sentence denotes This process could involve a 'hot' debriefing immediately after the event and at the end of each working day, and could also involve a later debriefing which also examines the procedures utilized and ways of improving these processes.
T228 29596-29784 Sentence denotes All personnel should be aware that any action in handling a deceased person prior to examination at a mortuary may impact the manner in which the case is treated in ongoing investigations.
T229 29785-29965 Sentence denotes It is vital that suitably qualified medical personnel, for example, forensic pathologists, are consulted before any steps are taken to retrieve, secure, and transport the deceased.
T230 29966-30082 Sentence denotes This chapter is designed to offer some instruction to those persons performing body retrieval from a scene of death.
T231 30083-30181 Sentence denotes It is in no way suggesting that these persons should replace the role of the forensic pathologist.
T232 30182-30445 Sentence denotes It should be emphasized that all steps taken to secure the body that may interfere with the deceased in any way should occur only after examination or observation of the deceased by a forensic pathologist and should always be appropriately and clearly documented.
T233 30446-30455 Sentence denotes See also:
T234 30456-30498 Sentence denotes Crime Scene Investigation and Examination:
T235 30499-30524 Sentence denotes Recovery of Human Remains