CORD-19_Custom_license_subset  

CORD-19:48b81081bbcbdbea648394d8bf2adf370b36e44c JSONTXT 8 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-230 Sentence denotes Abstracts from the 11th International Congress of Behavioral Medicine PM MULTILEVEL ANALYSES OF REPEATED AND CLUSTERED OBSERVATIONS: THE GENERALISATION FROM SIMPLE LINEAR MODELS TO LINEAR MIXED MODELS AND VARIANCE COMPONENT MODELS
T2 232-323 Sentence denotes are efficacious in brief treatment settings, and our outcomes data supports this assertion.
T3 324-480 Sentence denotes Limitations of the intervention include participant attrition and insufficient access to comprehensive mental health and substance use management resources.
T4 481-483 Sentence denotes D.
T5 484-508 Sentence denotes Further Recommendations:
T6 509-566 Sentence denotes For many, maintaining treatment adherence is challenging.
T7 567-774 Sentence denotes Implementing programs that offer unlimited sessions of mental health counseling and substance use treatment or harm-reduction strategies for people living with HIV could greatly increase treatment adherence.
T8 775-887 Sentence denotes Additionally, public health policy could be modified with the aim of de-stigmatizing those living with HIV/AIDS.
T9 888-975 Sentence denotes Effective legislation could include acts recognizing and legitimizing same sex couples.
T10 976-1079 Sentence denotes Comprehensive, accessible health care should be provided to anyone, regardless of socioeconomic status.
T11 1080-1254 Sentence denotes These changes could help mitigate the shame reported by some people living with HIV/ AIDS, potentially leading to greater help seeking behaviors and lower transmission rates.
T12 1255-1507 Sentence denotes Additionally, embracing HIV testing as a routine component of primary care could help to reduce HIV incidence and minimize stigma, potentially leading to a number of positive personal and public health outcomes, including increased treatment adherence.
T13 1508-1734 Sentence denotes The impact of depression on treatment adherence in individuals with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) has been well-supported in the literature (Hailey & Moss, 2000) ; however, the influence of anxiety on adherence is less clear.
T14 1735-1989 Sentence denotes It has been suggested that the relationship between anxiety and adherence may be indirect and influenced by other cognitive or psychosocial variables such as locus of control or knowledge of disease (Brownbridge & Fielding, 1994 , DiMatteo et al., 2000 .
T15 1990-2165 Sentence denotes Anxiety has been related to adherence with antibiotic regimens (Cockburn et al., 1987) , and for patients with asthma (Baiardini et al., 2006) and COPD (Dowson et al., 2004) .
T16 2166-2397 Sentence denotes A limitation of previous research on anxiety and adherence in ESRD is the failure to investigate the differential impact of anxiety on specific components of adherence (e.g., medication, appointment attendance, dietary guidelines).
T17 2398-2555 Sentence denotes The goal of the present study was to conduct a preliminary investigation into the relationship of anxiety and renal disease knowledge to treatment adherence.
T18 2556-2671 Sentence denotes Data includes 124 veterans with ESRD referred for pre-surgical psychological evaluations for renal transplantation.
T19 2672-2776 Sentence denotes Renal disease knowledge was assessed in several subcategories of diet, medication, and laboratory tests.
T20 2777-2861 Sentence denotes Adherence was assessed with respect to diet, medication, and appointment attendance.
T21 2862-2973 Sentence denotes Both knowledge and adherence were rated by clinicians based on patient self-report and renal team staff-report.
T22 2974-3088 Sentence denotes Patients were divided into "anxious" and "non-anxious" groups based on self-reported presence of anxiety symptoms.
T23 3089-3388 Sentence denotes Data analysis on self-reported compliance revealed that there were no group differences with regard to renal disease knowledge; however, patients in the anxious group were rated as significantly more compliant with renal diet and appointment attendance than non-anxious patients (t > 2.20, p < .05).
T24 3389-3601 Sentence denotes In addition, regression analyses indicated that anxiety and knowledge significantly predicted compliance with appointment attendance [F (1, 116) = 3.68, p = .05] and dietary adherence [F(4,115) = 5.95, p < .001].
T25 3602-3688 Sentence denotes Knowledge, but not anxiety, predicted medication adherence [F (3,114) = 3.63, p=.015].
T26 3689-3805 Sentence denotes Results for staff-reported compliance emphasized the role of disease knowledge over anxiety in predicting adherence.
T27 3806-3981 Sentence denotes The present data support the need to consider medical adherence as a multifaceted concept by demonstrating that anxiety is related to some aspects of renal disease management.
T28 3982-4115 Sentence denotes Results also highlight the need for more sophisticated models to explain the influence of anxiety on adherence in patients with ESRD.
T29 4116-4214 Sentence denotes Limitations of the present study, implications, and suggestions for future research are presented.
T30 4215-4226 Sentence denotes Background:
T31 4227-4437 Sentence denotes Recent studies of health care referrals among the under five children with high fever have indicated that incomplete treatment due unfulfilled referrals was the major reason for the children dying in the homes.
T32 4438-4679 Sentence denotes Despite the Zambian government acknowledging malaria and fever as leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the under five children, the community behaviour and practices on care-giving at household level, have not been well documented.
T33 4680-4786 Sentence denotes Identification of reasons that lead to an increased number of children dying in the homes is understudied.
T34 4787-4900 Sentence denotes To try and understand risks and benefits of home management of fever a community qualitative study was conducted.
T35 4901-4909 Sentence denotes Methods:
T36 4910-5317 Sentence denotes Participants consisted of 10 caregivers whose children were 5 years and below old and had died in the community, 10 parents of children 5 years and below, who were admitted in the children's hospital with severe fever, survived and discharged from the hospital and went back home and 10 participants, whose children had fever and survived within the community 14 days prior to the commencement of the study.
T37 5318-5418 Sentence denotes Questions were devoted to knowledge and attitudes about health seeking behaviour at household level.
T38 5419-5614 Sentence denotes Knowledge about disease transmission, treatment and prevention, perceived risks of failure to take the child to health facility for early treatment and completion of referrals, were investigated.
T39 5615-5623 Sentence denotes Results:
T40 5624-5767 Sentence denotes Of the 30 key informants who participated in the study, 10 informants were of caregivers of children died before seeing the medical specialist.
T41 5768-5830 Sentence denotes Majority of children (67.8%) were between 1 and 24 months old.
T42 5831-5924 Sentence denotes Over 87 and 90 percent respectively were living with biological parents at the time of death.
T43 5925-6045 Sentence denotes Caretakers from the three groups feared of losing their children if admitted in the children hospital (54.3% and 58.9%).
T44 6046-6259 Sentence denotes Fear that their children would be exposed to other disease, lack of knowledge about the disease and referral, and lack of medicines in health facilities characterized demotivation for early access of quality care.
T45 6260-6367 Sentence denotes Fees and transportation resulted in delay accessing health care outside the home and unfulfilled referrals.
T46 6368-6436 Sentence denotes Medication non-adherence affects health outcomes in chronic illness.
T47 6437-6538 Sentence denotes Only 50% of hypertensive patients adhere to prescribed medication (World Health Organization, 2004) .
T48 6539-6674 Sentence denotes Depression has been considered one of the main psychosocial predictors of medication non-adherence (DiMatteo, Lepper & Croghan, 2000) .
T49 6675-6756 Sentence denotes The psychological mechanisms that can explain this relationship remain uncertain.
T50 6757-6767 Sentence denotes Objective:
T51 6768-6929 Sentence denotes To evaluate the role of depression as a medication nonadherence factor in hypertensive patients and the possible psychological mechanism involved in this effect.
T52 6930-6938 Sentence denotes Methods:
T53 6939-7097 Sentence denotes 204 hypertensive patients (67.6 yrs old, 36.8% men) attending Primary Health Care Centers were evaluated in their regular visit to the cardiovascular program.
T54 7098-7246 Sentence denotes All patients had over 1 year of pharmacological treatment for hypertension and had blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg in the last health control visit.
T55 7247-7471 Sentence denotes Study variables included depression (POMSdepression scale), medication beliefs (Specific Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire), and adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medication (Hill -Bone Medication Adherence Scale).
T56 7472-7480 Sentence denotes Results:
T57 7481-7600 Sentence denotes Depressive patients had a higher level of specific medication concerns than non-depressive patients (t=3,351, p<,001) .
T58 7601-7772 Sentence denotes Multivariate linear regression shows that medication non-adherence is predicted by depression (B=.172, p<.01), and medication beliefs have a mediating role on this effect.
T59 7773-8114 Sentence denotes Mediation effects were studied using Baron and Kenny's Criteria (1986) : depression predicted medication beliefs (B=−.304, p<.01); medication beliefs predicted non-adherence (B=−.442, p<.01) , and the predictive role of depression on non-adherence decreased when medication adherence was included in the regression equation (B=.012, p=.863).
T60 8115-8126 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T61 8127-8393 Sentence denotes Our results confirm, in a sample of Chilean hypertensive patients, the effect of depression and beliefs about medicine over medication adherence and suggest that concerns about medication should be included in anti-depression psychotherapy for hypertensive patients.
T62 8394-8405 Sentence denotes Background:
T63 8406-8559 Sentence denotes This study compares and contrasts patient and provider perceptions of challenges and opportunities for patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in India.
T64 8560-8833 Sentence denotes Methods: HIV patients (2 groups, n=8 women, 8 men) and HIV providers (n =18) were recruited from the Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education & Research (PGIMER) in Chandigarh, India to participate in focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs).
T65 8834-8913 Sentence denotes KIIs included HIV peers, treatment providers, NGO stakeholders and researchers.
T66 8914-9055 Sentence denotes FGDs included experienced ART users, those new to ART and HIV treatment providers; interviews and groups used semi-structured stem questions.
T67 9056-9179 Sentence denotes Transcriptions were coded based on conceptual relevance; codes were expanded for common themes and grouped into categories.
T68 9180-9188 Sentence denotes Results:
T69 9189-9399 Sentence denotes Provider interviews and groups reflected disparate perceptions regarding the relative importance of specific issues with respect to ART adherence, e.g., patient knowledge, karma, use of alternative medications.
T70 9400-9594 Sentence denotes Providers agreed, in order of importance, that education, illiteracy, depression and alcohol and drug use negatively affect ART adherence; disagreed on the influence of income, gender and karma.
T71 9595-9737 Sentence denotes Patients and providers agreed on the impact of HIV knowledge and alternative therapies (homeopathy, ayurveda, unani, yoga, reiki, astrology) .
T72 9738-9887 Sentence denotes Patients expressed concern about food insecurity, stigma, side effects, clinic wait time, distance from clinics and the frequency of visits required.
T73 9888-10024 Sentence denotes Though medications are no-cost, patients noted the hidden costs of blood tests, travel to clinics, and days missed from work at clinics.
T74 10025-10117 Sentence denotes For longer term patients, discontinuing medication following remission of symptoms occurred.
T75 10118-10367 Sentence denotes Enabling migrant and traveling workers to obtain ART during time away from home, social support, increased patient morale, positive attitudes about medication and patient provider communication were identified as key elements in enhancing adherence.
T76 10368-10380 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T77 10381-10509 Sentence denotes Preliminary findings highlight the need for a patient -provider collaborative approach to ART provision and enhancing adherence.
T78 10510-10646 Sentence denotes Future initiatives to encourage providers and stakeholders to collectively explore existing policies for ART provision will be proposed.
T79 10647-10687 Sentence denotes This study is supported by NIH grant no.
T80 10688-10700 Sentence denotes R21NR011131.
T81 10701-10912 Sentence denotes Post-operative adherence rates among heart transplant (HT) patients remain lower than expected when considering the potential consequences, and these rates tend to decrease as more time passes following surgery.
T82 10913-11154 Sentence denotes In the initial period after transplant older patients have higher rates of mortality and morbidity, but in the long-term some studies have suggested that older patients have better adjustment and quality of life compared to younger patients.
T83 11155-11185 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was:
T84 11186-11393 Sentence denotes 1) to identify age differences in long-term adjustment to HT across a range of psychosocial adjustment measures, and 2) to examine other demographic and psychosocial predictors of overall adherence behavior.
T85 11394-11556 Sentence denotes HT patients (n=555, mean age=54) from multiple centers were assessed 5-10 years post-surgery for adherence behaviors, psychological factors and physical symptoms.
T86 11557-11778 Sentence denotes Analysis of variance results showed that older adults (age≥60) had better adjustment on measures of quality of life, satisfaction with social support, negative affect and disease-related stress compared to younger adults.
T87 11779-11974 Sentence denotes Linear multiple regression demonstrated that age and several psychosocial factors, including depressive cognitions, accounted for 25.7% of the variance in self-reported difficulty with adherence.
T88 11975-12124 Sentence denotes Similar variables were significant in a logistic regression analysis predicting which patients would have difficulty or no difficulty with adherence.
T89 12125-12248 Sentence denotes Clinical implications are discussed in terms of tailoring interventions to age groups for optimal postoperative adjustment.
T90 12249-12260 Sentence denotes Background:
T91 12261-12409 Sentence denotes Despite the increase in the number of people using ART in South Africa, the use of traditional medicine in combination with ART becomes a challenge.
T92 12410-12565 Sentence denotes This study explored the perceptions, knowledge and attitudes of patients, health workers and traditional healers about use of traditional medicine and ART.
T93 12566-12574 Sentence denotes Methods:
T94 12575-12724 Sentence denotes Data was collected through interviews with 14 participants: six patients on ART and TM; two doctors; 2 professional nurses and 4 traditional healers.
T95 12725-12856 Sentence denotes Two focus group discussions, one in each research site were held with community health workers who work with HIV positive patients.
T96 12857-12918 Sentence denotes Data was analysed using a thematic content analysis approach.
T97 12919-12928 Sentence denotes Findings:
T98 12929-13049 Sentence denotes When patients become sick they use traditional medicine first, then when all else fail they come to the health facility.
T99 13050-13132 Sentence denotes Most patients start using traditional medicine before they are diagnosed with HIV.
T100 13133-13212 Sentence denotes When they get sick the first point of entry seem to be the traditional healers.
T101 13213-13295 Sentence denotes Most patients start using traditional medicine before they are diagnosed with HIV.
T102 13296-13392 Sentence denotes Some people prefer using traditional medicine because they want privacy and to remain anonymous.
T103 13393-13404 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T104 13405-13616 Sentence denotes This study has revealed that patients have a history of using traditional medicine for chronic conditions prior to their diagnosis with HIV, and continue using traditional medicine in conjunction with their ART.
T105 13617-13773 Sentence denotes This indicates that traditional medicine is an integral part of the "treatment modality" for patients and is used in combination with conventional medicine.
T106 13774-13794 Sentence denotes Learning Objectives:
T107 13795-13797 Sentence denotes 1.
T108 13798-13871 Sentence denotes Describe the types and sources of social support for Korean older adults.
T109 13872-13874 Sentence denotes 2.
T110 13875-13946 Sentence denotes Compare the received and desired social support by Korean older adults.
T111 13947-13958 Sentence denotes Background:
T112 13959-14038 Sentence denotes Korea is a fast-aging country experiencing changes in social and family values.
T113 14039-14199 Sentence denotes While research on social support among older adults increases, understanding the context in which they perceive and expect social support is relatively limited.
T114 14200-14330 Sentence denotes This qualitative study aims to illustrate how older adults in Seoul recognize received and desired social support in what context.
T115 14331-14338 Sentence denotes Method:
T116 14339-14452 Sentence denotes In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 21 older adults in Seoul who were local senior center users.
T117 14453-14614 Sentence denotes They were asked to describe the types and sources of received and desired social support; and the meaning of the gap between received and desired social support.
T118 14615-14684 Sentence denotes Interview transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach.
T119 14685-14693 Sentence denotes Results:
T120 14694-14855 Sentence denotes While main sources of support perceived are spouses and adult children, local senior centers serve as supplementary source of emotional and instrumental support.
T121 14856-14938 Sentence denotes Friends, neighbors, religious groups are also mentioned as social support sources.
T122 14939-15156 Sentence denotes Although the respondents recognize the gap between received and desired emotional and financial support and are stressed by it, they could not identify a strategy to compromise the gap within their life circumstances.
T123 15157-15248 Sentence denotes Instead, they either justify the gap as part of aging process or deny the need for support.
T124 15249-15260 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T125 15261-15494 Sentence denotes As changes in family structure and economic challenges affect the social support dependency of older adults on their children, social ecological approaches to enhance support capacities from individual to system levels are requested.
T126 15495-15595 Sentence denotes Local senior center is one example that can be fostered as a social support source in the community.
T127 15596-15607 Sentence denotes Background:
T128 15608-15760 Sentence denotes Quality of life (QOL) has been recognized as a meaningful outcome measure when assessing course of illness or evaluating effectiveness of interventions.
T129 15761-15857 Sentence denotes Whether individuals with dementia can evaluate their own Quality of Life (QOL) has been debated.
T130 15858-15937 Sentence denotes The debate evolves on whether patient ratings or proxy ratings be used or both?
T131 15938-16094 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to determine concordance between the patient's selfreport on QOL and caregiver's appraisal on QOL of individual with dementia.
T132 16095-16102 Sentence denotes Method:
T133 16103-16257 Sentence denotes Sixty family caregivers who were living with and caring for person diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and their care recipients participated in the study.
T134 16258-16359 Sentence denotes The data is part of an ongoing intervention study to enhance resourceful skills in family caregivers.
T135 16360-16412 Sentence denotes Patients have mild or moderate cognitive impairment.
T136 16413-16508 Sentence denotes Quality of Life was measured using the 13-item Quality of Life for Alzheimer's Disease (QOL-AD:
T137 16509-16807 Sentence denotes Logsdon et al, 2002) , developed for both patient and caregivers includes patient's and caregiver's appraisal of patient's physical condition, mood, interpersonal relationships, ability to participate in meaningful activities, finances and an overall assessment of self and life quality as a whole.
T138 16808-17002 Sentence denotes Overall scores were computed separately for the patient and caregiver reports by summing the 13 items, for a total possible score ranging from 13 to 52, with higher scores indicating higher QOL.
T139 17003-17116 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and a single-measure intraclass correlation.
T140 17117-17209 Sentence denotes Alpha Cronbach's coefficient for proxy QOL and patient's QOL were .71 and .85, respectively.
T141 17210-17358 Sentence denotes In Japan, there is little evidence about the effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for older adults compared to Europe and the United States.
T142 17359-17522 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to develop CBT for older adults with depression which fit in with Japanese culture and research its effectiveness in outpatient care.
T143 17523-17592 Sentence denotes By randomized clinical trial recruiting, 15 older adults were chosen.
T144 17593-17650 Sentence denotes All the participants had a diagnosis of Major depression.
T145 17651-17767 Sentence denotes The participants were randomly allocated to receive either Treatment as usual (TAU) group (n=10) or CBT group (n=5).
T146 17768-17876 Sentence denotes We assessed the degree of depression before the treatments (baseline), at the 6th week and at the 12th week.
T147 17877-18304 Sentence denotes Measures used in this study were the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Geriatric Depression Scale Japanese version (GDS), and the Montgomery Asberg Rating Scale for Depression -Japanese (MADRS-J).In CBT intervention, the psychoeducation about the typical cognitive characteristics of older adults' depression and the reminiscence based hearing of subjects' compliant were conducted in addition to basic CBT strategy.
T148 18305-18512 Sentence denotes The results suggested that the score of SDS was significantly decreased in both CBT group and TAU group at 12th week (CBT; SDS baseline M=54.4, 12th week M=40.6, TAU; SDS baseline M= 58.5, 12th week M=46.7).
T149 18513-18600 Sentence denotes The CBT developed in the present study was effective for improving depressive symptoms.
T150 18601-18703 Sentence denotes However, the difference between CBT group and TAU group in the score of depression was nonsignificant.
T151 18704-18939 Sentence denotes The results of GDS and MADRS-J showed the same tendency as SDS(CBT; GDS baseline M=10.8, 12th week M=8.6, MADRS-J baseline M=24.8, 12th week M=11.2, TAU; GDS baseline M=11.4, 12th week M=9.7, MADRS-J baseline M=25.2, 12th week M=10.6).
T152 18940-19109 Sentence denotes The limitation of this study is that the number of CBT session, which was 6, might have not been enough to get the result which would make the differentiate it from TAU.
T153 19110-19271 Sentence denotes Since CBT alone was effective for the patients to whom the medication of antidepressant had been stopped, the effectiveness of this treatment has been suggested.
T154 19272-19356 Sentence denotes Future studies need long-term intervention of CBT in a large number of participants.
T155 19357-19440 Sentence denotes The UNC Alumni Heart Study started in 1986 with data from college entry in 1964-66.
T156 19441-19549 Sentence denotes We now have 46 years of postcollege follow-up and 12 waves of data collected during midlife from ages 40-60.
T157 19550-19656 Sentence denotes The majority of the cohort were born in the 1940s and represent the beginning of the Baby Boom generation.
T158 19657-19968 Sentence denotes We have a large variety of findings on the role of hostility and other MMPI based personality traits from college which have been shown to predict survival, CHD risk factors and hypertension and NEO Personality data from the decade of the 40s that are associated with behavioral risk indicators and life events.
T159 19969-19977 Sentence denotes Methods:
T160 19978-20206 Sentence denotes We followed the occurrence of new care-needs certification for 3 years in 443 subjects who participated in the health examination and in the 395 non-participants we were able to interview during home visits (838 total subjects).
T161 20207-20215 Sentence denotes Results:
T162 20216-20272 Sentence denotes A total of 443 subjects participated in the examination.
T163 20273-20392 Sentence denotes Home visiting for 449 older adults (of 904 non-participants) living in 8 of 16 districts in the village were conducted.
T164 20393-20621 Sentence denotes We followed the occurrence of new care-needs certification for 3 years in 443 subjects who participated in the health examination and in the 395 non-participants we were able to interview during home visits (838 total subjects).
T165 20622-20717 Sentence denotes Among the 838 subjects, there were 94 new certifications (11.2%) during the observation period.
T166 20718-20872 Sentence denotes Starting in the second year, the occurrence rate of new care-needs certifications for non-participants was significantly higher than that of participants.
T167 20873-21022 Sentence denotes The rate of care-needs certification over 3 years was significantly higher for non-participants (63/395, 16.0%) than for participants (31/443, 7.0%).
T168 21023-21034 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T169 21035-21099 Sentence denotes Non-participants have a higher risk of care-needs certification.
T170 21100-21323 Sentence denotes Projects aimed at understanding older adults are often performed during health examinations; however, it is necessary to investigate current data gathering methods for elderly patients who do not undergo these examinations.
T171 21324-21345 Sentence denotes CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
T172 21346-21613 Sentence denotes Emiko Saito, PhD, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 116-8551; saito@hs.tmu.ac.jp PSW-112d AGE-AND GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN THE PHYSICAL, COGNITIVE, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF ELDERLY LIVING AT HOME Shin Murata, Doctor Nishikyushu University, Saga, Japan.
T173 21614-21882 Sentence denotes To create basic data for the effective health guidance of elderly living at home, this study was conducted involving 291 adults aged 65 or older, with a comparison of physical, cognitive, and psychological functions between young-old and old-old adults, and by gender.
T174 21883-22015 Sentence denotes Certain physical functions such as muscular strength of the extremities and the dexterity of digits seemed to be affected by gender.
T175 22016-22168 Sentence denotes Overall, however, their physical functions were significantly affected by aging, and had decreased to a greater degree in old-old than young-old adults.
T176 22169-22338 Sentence denotes Especially, it was suggested that balance while standing and the walking ability as well as cognitive functions were more significantly affected by aging than by gender.
T177 22339-22582 Sentence denotes On the other hand, psychological aspects such as their subjective view of their own health and satisfaction with life showed no significant differences by gender or between age groups, suggesting their lower susceptibility to gender and aging.
T178 22583-22863 Sentence denotes These findings demonstrated that both men and women showed a high risk of falling in the old-old adults, suggesting the importance of training to improve balance and walking ability as well as cognitive training in preventive care and health guidance for people in this age group.
T179 22864-23006 Sentence denotes Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire from a study that has been examining determinants of cigarette use among adolescents.
T180 23007-23215 Sentence denotes We explored the relationship using a stepwise regression analyses and entered first demographics, then depressive symptoms variables and finally perceived beliefs about benefits associated with cigarette use.
T181 23216-23372 Sentence denotes We also included in the model other determinants that have been previously associated with cigarette use as parental smoking and peer influences as control.
T182 23373-23490 Sentence denotes Our findings suggest that negative affect (Beta=.116, t(566) = 2.607, p=.009) does predict current cigarette smoking.
T183 23491-23618 Sentence denotes Once we entered perceived benefits, depressive symptoms continues to predict cigarette use (Beta=.108, t(566) = 2.456, p=.014).
T184 23619-23740 Sentence denotes Perceived benefits on mood of cigarette smoking (Beta=.115, t(556) = 2.543, p=.014) also appear to predict this behavior.
T185 23741-23934 Sentence denotes Our findings suggest that depressive symptoms influences cigarette use directly and indirectly through the perceived benefits youth perceive have that smoking cigarettes may improve their mood.
T186 23935-24055 Sentence denotes We also report sex differences and implications of these findings to further understand cigarette use among adolescents.
T187 24056-24067 Sentence denotes Background:
T188 24068-24122 Sentence denotes Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death.
T189 24123-24195 Sentence denotes Half of the regular smokers die prematurely of a tobaccorelated disease.
T190 24196-24353 Sentence denotes Although the prevalence of youth smoking in some Western countries has been in steady decline, smoking prevalence in many developing countries is increasing.
T191 24354-24451 Sentence denotes Thailand and Malaysia are in Southeast Asia, one of the critical regions for tobacco consumption.
T192 24452-24462 Sentence denotes Objective:
T193 24463-24538 Sentence denotes To compare the smoking behavior among adolescents in Thailand and Malaysia.
T194 24539-24554 Sentence denotes Design/Methods:
T195 24555-24702 Sentence denotes A population-based, national surveys were conducted among 1,694 adolescents with ages between 13 and 18 from Thailand (n=917) and Malaysia (n=777).
T196 24703-24763 Sentence denotes Respondents were selected using multistage cluster sampling.
T197 24764-24832 Sentence denotes Respondents were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires.
T198 24833-24911 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square tests and t tests.
T199 24912-24920 Sentence denotes Results:
T200 24921-25117 Sentence denotes Approximately 5 percents of Thai and Malaysian adolescents were current smokers, with an additional 9.6 percents of Thai and 7.8 percents of Malaysian adolescents reported being a beginner smoker.
T201 25118-25267 Sentence denotes On average, Thai smoker reported to have first smoked a whole cigarette at 14.6 years of age (SD=1.93), while Malaysian smoker at age 13.9 (SD=2.16).
T202 25268-25401 Sentence denotes About half of Thai smoker (56.9%) reported that they bought cigarettes for them-selves and 31.5 percents got cigarettes from friends.
T203 25402-25538 Sentence denotes In Malaysia, most of smoker (71.4%) reported that they bought cigarettes for themselves, only 19.8 percents got cigarettes from friends.
T204 25539-25705 Sentence denotes Sixty seven percents of Thai adolescent smokers smoked factory-made cigarettes as their usual brand compare to 29.9 percents of Malaysian adolescent smokers (p<0.01).
T205 25706-25820 Sentence denotes Eight percents of Thai adolescents and 13.6 percent Malaysian adolescents reported smoking hand-rolled cigarettes.
T206 25821-25932 Sentence denotes Eighty four percents of Thai and 76.1 percent of Malaysian adolescent smokers reported that they tried to quit.
T207 25933-25945 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T208 25946-26029 Sentence denotes Smoking prevalence of Thai adolescents was closed to that of Malaysian adolescents.
T209 26030-26134 Sentence denotes Factory-made cigarette consumption is an important problem in Thai adolescents and needs to be targeted.
T210 26135-26146 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T211 26147-26264 Sentence denotes To monitor tobacco industry's marketing tactics pre and post implementation of pictorial health warnings in Malaysia.
T212 26265-26273 Sentence denotes Methods:
T213 26274-26498 Sentence denotes An observational study was conducted to monitor new marketing strategies and changes in product and packaging designs prior and post to implementation of pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs effective 1 January 2009.
T214 26499-26591 Sentence denotes A survey instrument was used to collect data in selected point-of-sales in Penang, Malaysia.
T215 26592-26718 Sentence denotes All new product and pack designs of the most popular cigarette brands were purchased and scrutinized for promotional features.
T216 26719-26774 Sentence denotes Observations of point-of-sales displays were also made.
T217 26775-26820 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed using qualitative methods.
T218 26821-26829 Sentence denotes Results:
T219 26830-27077 Sentence denotes Since the banning of advertising at point-of-sales the tobacco industry invested more resources into packaging design and point-of-sale display in order to communicate brand imagery and increase sales primarily targeting children and young people.
T220 27078-27272 Sentence denotes With the implementation of pictorial health warnings and ban on descriptors, the industry continues to promote its products with introduction of a variety of innovative pack and product designs.
T221 27273-27459 Sentence denotes Textual descriptors such as light and mild are replaced with varied colour tones (silver and blue) to shape consumer perceptions of risk and have the misleading effect as light and mild.
T222 27460-27566 Sentence denotes Colours and pack designs are also used by the industry to dilute the effects of pictorial health warnings.
T223 27567-27579 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T224 27580-27708 Sentence denotes Tobacco control policies have to be water-tight to prevent the tobacco industry from exploiting the loopholes in these policies.
T225 27709-27927 Sentence denotes The Malaysian government should implement plain packaging which would increase the effectiveness of health warnings, reduce misconceptions about smoking risks and prevent the use of bran variants as a promotional tool.
T226 27928-27999 Sentence denotes This will help reduce smoking uptake amongst children and young people.
T227 28000-28011 Sentence denotes Background:
T228 28012-28076 Sentence denotes The smoking rate among adolescents has been decreasing in Japan.
T229 28077-28239 Sentence denotes According to the National Survey, the current smoking rates of 7th grade students decreased from 7.5% (males) and 3.8% (females) in 1996 to 3.2% and 2.4% in 2004.
T230 28240-28445 Sentence denotes In Kyoto, workshop-style tobacco-free classes based on theory of behavioral science have been conducted since 2002, in cooperation with a medical university, a medical association and the local government.
T231 28446-28456 Sentence denotes Objective:
T232 28457-28560 Sentence denotes During 2009, we conducted tobacco-free workshops for 3562 students at 26 municipal junior-high schools.
T233 28561-28726 Sentence denotes In order to clarify the smoking status of these students, we investigated the perception of smoking and the relationship between smoking and other life-style habits.
T234 28727-28737 Sentence denotes Subjects :
T235 28738-28817 Sentence denotes There were 1644 students at 13 schools who agreed to participate in the survey.
T236 28818-28846 Sentence denotes The response rate was 98.1%.
T237 28847-28853 Sentence denotes Males:
T238 28854-28867 Sentence denotes 820, Females:
T239 28868-28887 Sentence denotes 721, not specified:
T240 28888-28892 Sentence denotes 108.
T241 28893-28901 Sentence denotes Methods:
T242 28902-28953 Sentence denotes The questionnaire was anonymous and self-completed.
T243 28954-29025 Sentence denotes We made sure that teachers would not check the questionnaire responses.
T244 29026-29127 Sentence denotes Questions about lifestyle including smoking and drinking, were asked mainly in fourfold choice style.
T245 29128-29241 Sentence denotes After analyzing the smoking status by school and sex, we examined the relationship between lifestyle and smoking.
T246 29242-29250 Sentence denotes Results:
T247 29251-29339 Sentence denotes The current smoking rate was less than 1% at half of the schools, but 3∼7% at 3 schools.
T248 29340-29419 Sentence denotes Overall, 5.5% of the subjects had tried smoking, and 1.9% were current smokers.
T249 29420-29567 Sentence denotes 52.9% were living with smokers; 46.7% had tried alcohol; 50.5% watched TV more than 3 hours a day and 4.4% shopped at convenience stores every day.
T250 29568-29765 Sentence denotes Current smoking and previous smoking showed significant association with smoking by cohabiters, drinking experience, study time, attending school club activities and shopping at convenience stores.
T251 29766-29777 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T252 29778-29978 Sentence denotes The smoking prevalence of subjects was low compared with that in the National Survey, possibly because our subjects were not randomly selected and Kyoto has the lowest smoking prevalence among adults.
T253 29979-30093 Sentence denotes This is the first report in Japan indicating that smoking habits may be related to shopping at convenience stores.
T254 30094-30225 Sentence denotes The students are mainly buying cigarettes at convenience stores, where cigarettes companies place a large number of advertisements.
T255 30226-30291 Sentence denotes Tobacco sales at convenience stores should be strictly monitored.
T256 30292-30444 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the age at cigarette smoking onset and the smoking level among adolescent current smokers.
T257 30445-30692 Sentence denotes In 2007, one or two classes of 10th and 11th grade were randomly selected from the high schools sampled by PPS (probability proportional to size) sampling after all the schools in a large city in Korea were stratified by grade, gender, and region.
T258 30693-30810 Sentence denotes A total of 743 current smokers among a sample of 4,602 students were analyzed with a self-administered questionnaire.
T259 30811-30905 Sentence denotes The smokers were defined as those who had smoked at least one cigarette during past one month.
T260 30906-31024 Sentence denotes The age of smoking onset was measured as the grade when the respondents first tried a cigarette even one or two puffs.
T261 31025-31188 Sentence denotes The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by multiple logistic regression analysis and they were adjusted for potential confounders.
T262 31189-31611 Sentence denotes Compared with those who tried smoking first after entrance into high school, the OR of being a frequent smoker (i.e. those who smoked on 20 days or more during the past one month) among those who tried during middle school period was 2.40 , that of those who tried smoking during late elementary school period was 3.70 (CI 1.67∼8.17), that of those who tried smoking early elementary school period or earlier was 3.91 (CI:
T263 31612-31623 Sentence denotes 1.74∼8.78).
T264 31624-31753 Sentence denotes The OR of being a regular smoker (i.e. those who smoked everyday) among those who tried during middle school period was 1.77 (CI:
T265 31754-31848 Sentence denotes 1.14-2.76), that of those who tried smoking during late elementary school period was 2.34 (CI:
T266 31849-31948 Sentence denotes 1.14∼4.78), that of those who tried smoking early elementary school period or earlier was 4.83 (CI:
T267 31949-31961 Sentence denotes 2.19∼10.69).
T268 31962-32125 Sentence denotes The OR of being a heavy smoker (i.e. those who smoked one-half pack or more per day on the average) among those who tried during middle school period was 3.61 (CI:
T269 32126-32220 Sentence denotes 1.84-7.08), that of those who tried smoking during late elementary school period was 6.67 (CI:
T270 32221-32321 Sentence denotes 2.87∼15.50), that of those who tried smoking early elementary school period or earlier was 5.65 (CI:
T271 32322-32334 Sentence denotes 2.34∼13.62).
T272 32335-32447 Sentence denotes This study showed the importance of smoking prevention or delaying smoking onset among children and adolescents.
T273 32448-32459 Sentence denotes Background:
T274 32460-32584 Sentence denotes Maternal employment has been shown to influence health behaviors of children and adolescents such as overweight and obesity.
T275 32585-32672 Sentence denotes The evidence related to adolescent smoking is limited as well as results using UK data.
T276 32673-32855 Sentence denotes In this analysis, we assessed the influence of maternal employment in three periods of childhood on smoking of young people aged 16-21 years in British Household Panel Survey (BHPS).
T277 32856-32954 Sentence denotes Methods: BHPS is annual panel survey that has started in 1991 and completed its 17th wave in 2007.
T278 32955-33047 Sentence denotes Response rate to wave 1 was 74%, and response between waves 2 and 17 varied between 84%-89%.
T279 33048-33175 Sentence denotes There are 3,615 young individuals with available data on smoking at age 16-21 and maternal employment data from age 0-16 years.
T280 33176-33373 Sentence denotes Covariates, such as gender, maternal age, maternal education and marital status, household income or maternal smoking were used as explanatory variables in logistic regression analysis in STATA 10.
T281 33374-33382 Sentence denotes Results:
T282 33383-33444 Sentence denotes 29% of young adults aged 16-21 reported being current smoker.
T283 33445-33541 Sentence denotes Approximately 40% of mothers worked at some point during age 0-4 (preschool age) of their child.
T284 33542-33652 Sentence denotes This proportion increased to 59% at age 5-11 (primary school age) and 68% at age 12-16 (secondary school age).
T285 33653-33896 Sentence denotes Children of mothers who were not employed were more likely to smoke (OR of smoking 1.18, 1.19 and 1.60 for 3 periods of exposure), although these effects were almost entirely explained when adjusted for maternal education and household income.
T286 33897-33909 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T287 33910-34132 Sentence denotes The associations between maternal employment in childhood and young adults' smoking exist at least partly because of the generally higher social position and more stable family structure of households with working mothers.
T288 34133-34265 Sentence denotes Maternal education and household income seem to be stronger social predictors of adolescent smoking than maternal employment status.
T289 34266-34374 Sentence denotes 1 Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan and 2 Kyoto First Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
T290 34375-34386 Sentence denotes Background:
T291 34387-34478 Sentence denotes Many researchers have demonstrated that inappropriate drinking has various adverse effects.
T292 34479-34686 Sentence denotes Japanese national survey have pointed out that people have not been sufficiently educated enough about the dangers of drinking, although the amount of alcohol consumed by Japanese people has been increasing.
T293 34687-34697 Sentence denotes Objective:
T294 34698-34898 Sentence denotes Since 2002, we have been asking detailed questions about the amount and the frequency of drinking by healthy people undergoing routine medical checkups and giving them advice based on their responses.
T295 34899-35018 Sentence denotes We analyzed our findings in order to clarify the drinking status of these subjects and the effects of the intervention.
T296 35019-35040 Sentence denotes Subjects and Methods:
T297 35041-35141 Sentence denotes Subjects were 3633 males who underwent medical checkups in both 2005 and 2007 (mean age 56.9± 11.2).
T298 35142-35295 Sentence denotes Among these subjects, 959 were non-drinkers (ND), 1574 were light drinkers (LD: less than 140 g of alcohol /week), 943 (26.0%)were moderate drinkers (MD:
T299 35296-35368 Sentence denotes 140-420 g/week), and 157(4.3%) were heavy drinkers (HD:over 420 g/week).
T300 35369-35479 Sentence denotes We examined the relationship between the amount of alcohol intake and laboratory data by analysis of variance.
T301 35480-35605 Sentence denotes We provided these subjects motivational support using medical data on the checkup day, and sent further advice 2 weeks later.
T302 35606-35692 Sentence denotes We analyzed changes in the amount of alcohol intake and laboratory data 2 years later.
T303 35693-35797 Sentence denotes Result: γ-GTP (IU/L) values in 2005 were ND (34.9±1.2), LD (44.5±1.2), MD (66.7±5.4), and HD (96.5±5.8).
T304 35798-35885 Sentence denotes There were significant differences among the groups, except for that between ND and LD.
T305 35886-35957 Sentence denotes The amount of alcohol intake was decreased in both MD&HD 2 years later.
T306 35958-36041 Sentence denotes The γ-GTP, GPT, and TG values of 1100 subjects of MD or HD decreased significantly.
T307 36042-36054 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T308 36055-36198 Sentence denotes One third of the subjects had inappropriate drinking behaviors, although they were sufficiently health-conscious to come for a medical checkup.
T309 36199-36309 Sentence denotes After receiving motivational support, the amount of alcohol intake decreased and the laboratory data improved.
T310 36310-36422 Sentence denotes Many questions remain about the direct and indirect costs to families incurred during the course of cancer care.
T311 36423-36501 Sentence denotes Despite availability, many patients fail to access co-pay assistance programs.
T312 36502-36667 Sentence denotes The Cancer Support Community and Genentech piloted a national survey investigating psychosocial barriers to accessing co-pay assistance and the hidden costs of care.
T313 36668-36676 Sentence denotes Methods:
T314 36677-36962 Sentence denotes Cancer patients (n=79) diagnosed over 6 months ago or had active treatment within 2 years and caregivers (n=29) of patients who met the above criteria, completed a survey that included the Revised Impact of Event Scale to assess intrusive and avoidant ideation around the cost of care.
T315 36963-37109 Sentence denotes Although the effect of smoking on lung cancer incidence is well known, it is not yet known if continued smoking after diagnosis affects prognosis.
T316 37110-37246 Sentence denotes Methods We systematically searched for studies that measured the effect of quitting smoking after diagnosis of lung cancer on prognosis.
T317 37247-37326 Sentence denotes Two researchers independently identified studies to include and extracted data.
T318 37327-37437 Sentence denotes Estimates were combined using a random effects model and I2 statistic was calculated to examine heterogeneity.
T319 37438-37637 Sentence denotes Using life tables, we modelled 5-year survival for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) using death rates for continuing smokers and quitters obtained from the review.
T320 37638-37836 Sentence denotes Data sources We searched CINAHL (from 1981), EMBASE (from 1980), MEDLINE (from 1966), Web of science (from 1966) and CENTRAL (from 1977) to December 2008 and the reference lists of included studies.
T321 37837-38206 Sentence denotes Results Continued smoking was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and recurrence in early stage NSCLC ((HR 2.94 95% CI (1.15, 7.54) , HR 1.86 (1.01, 3.41) ) and with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, development of second primary and recurrence in limited stage SCLC ((HR 1.86 (1.33, 2.59) , HR 4.31 (1.09, 16.98) and HR 1.26 (1.06, 1.50) .
T322 38207-38326 Sentence denotes Life table modelling estimated 41% 5-year survival in 65-year old NSCLC continuing smokers compared to 75% in quitters.
T323 38327-38423 Sentence denotes In SCLC, an estimated 36% of continuing smokers survive for five years compared to 68% quitters.
T324 38424-38546 Sentence denotes Conclusions There is evidence that smoking cessation after diagnosis of lung cancer is associated with improved prognosis.
T325 38547-38790 Sentence denotes Assuming causality, the number of deaths prevented is larger than would be expected due to reduction of cardio-respiratory deaths after smoking cessation and it is likely the majority of the mortality gain is due to reduced cancer progression.
T326 38791-38799 Sentence denotes Results:
T327 38800-38915 Sentence denotes Respondents (N=108) were ethnically diverse; 25% patients and 18% caregivers had household incomes less than $20 K.
T328 38916-38995 Sentence denotes Patients reported high levels of intrusion (18.5±9.2) and avoidance (20.2±8.8).
T329 38996-39081 Sentence denotes Caregiver levels were also high for intrusion (15.0± 10.0)and avoidance (17.8± 10.1).
T330 39082-39162 Sentence denotes Based on clinical cut-offs,82% reported stress within moderate to severe levels.
T331 39163-39336 Sentence denotes Due to care costs,74% patients depleted savings,44% downsized living accommodations; 32% caregivers worked extra jobs to help pay for care,60% reported extra stress at work.
T332 39337-39407 Sentence denotes To reduce costs,49% patients delayed seeking psychological counseling.
T333 39408-39517 Sentence denotes Among patients, increased intrusion correlated with having no one to help with insurance questions (p<.0001).
T334 39518-39660 Sentence denotes Increased avoidance was associated with delay in seeking psychological counseling (p<.0001) and less awareness of co-pay assistance (p<.0001).
T335 39661-39742 Sentence denotes 33% patients and 40% caregivers felt too overwhelmed to apply for financial help.
T336 39743-39754 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T337 39755-39857 Sentence denotes These data suggest that managing cancer costs is associated with clinically significant stress levels.
T338 39858-40002 Sentence denotes Those with greatest need may not seek help, underscoring the need for programs that help families manage the stress related to the cost of care.
T339 40003-40140 Sentence denotes The patient-provider relationship and specifically physicians' ability to communicate empathy greatly impacts chronic disease management.
T340 40141-40255 Sentence denotes Empathetic communication is significant in navigating difficult circumstances like dealing with oncology patients.
T341 40256-40376 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, research demonstrates that empathy declines in 75% of medical students as they advance in their training.
T342 40377-40528 Sentence denotes There is growing recognition that medical education must address this decline in empathy and properly prepare physicians to work with diverse patients.
T343 40529-40612 Sentence denotes However traditional educational techniques in India are unlikely to meet this need.
T344 40613-40671 Sentence denotes Experiential learning may be used to address this problem.
T345 40672-40983 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of faculty-supervised and selfinstructional listening micro skills training in increasing the responsiveness of medical students to the psychosocial needs of cancer patients and their families during medical student-patientfamily member interviews.
T346 40984-41035 Sentence denotes This study employed a randomized controlled design.
T347 41036-41129 Sentence denotes Two multiple baseline across subjects designs of four baselines each were used for the study.
T348 41130-41275 Sentence denotes Final-year medical students posted in clinical oncology were randomly assigned to conditions for training and to baselines within each condition.
T349 41276-41358 Sentence denotes Training conditions were identical in informational content and time requirements.
T350 41359-41439 Sentence denotes Self-instructional training incorporated two videotapes developed for the study.
T351 41440-41631 Sentence denotes Through the use of graphs and t-tests, data from the training conditions were analyzed separately, comparatively, and on the basis of overall training effectiveness across all eight subjects.
T352 41632-41835 Sentence denotes Overall, majority of the students felt that the intervention influenced their level of empathy (78%), should be a standard part of medical school curriculums (67%), and would impact all physicians (80%).
T353 41836-42160 Sentence denotes Faculty-supervised training was found to be more effective than selfinstructional training in increasing responsiveness as measured by (a) observational data from videotaped interviews, (b) patient and family member ratings of interviews, and (c) number of psychosocial needs recognized on medical student dictation reports.
T354 42161-42418 Sentence denotes Results based on t-tests indicated overall use of training was effective in increasing (a) appropriate use of four interview micro skills, (b) patient and family member interview ratings, and (c) number of psychosocial needs recognized on dictation reports.
T355 42419-42620 Sentence denotes Findings suggest that experiential learning methods are well received, feasible, and effective in increasing empathy in medical students and should become a standard part of medical school curriculums.
T356 42621-42842 Sentence denotes The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the comparative frequency, gender, age, sub-site distribution and histologic differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Sistan & Baluchestan province, Iran.
T357 42843-43149 Sentence denotes The medical records of 3070 patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of malignant neoplasm were reviewed during the 11-years period from 1995 to 2006.Available data suggested a steady increase in prevalence of OSCC during the last decades. .Of 3070 patients with malignancy, 217 cases had oral malignancy.
T358 43150-43256 Sentence denotes The most common oral malignant neoplasia was OSCC (n=178, 82%) and then verroucose carcinoma (n=14, 6.4%).
T359 43257-43268 Sentence denotes Gables, FL.
T360 43269-43400 Sentence denotes Hormonal treatment (HT) for advanced prostate cancer (APC) often results in side effects that can compromise quality of life (QOL).
T361 43401-43510 Sentence denotes Limited work has evaluated the efficacy of psychosocial interventions among men undergoing treatment for APC.
T362 43511-43743 Sentence denotes The current study evaluated the effects of a 10-week telephone-delivered and group-based Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) intervention on coping strategies, QOL and cortisol regulation among APC survivors undergoing HT.
T363 43744-43961 Sentence denotes CBSM strategies included stress awareness, relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, and enhancing coping, social support and communication skills with an emphasis on managing treatment-related compromises in QOL.
T364 43962-44125 Sentence denotes The HP condition involved delivery of health promotion information (e.g., benefits of proper diet, physical activity) with no therapeutic or interactive component.
T365 44126-44348 Sentence denotes Participants (N=83) were randomized to either CBSM or a health promotion (HP) control condition and were assessed at two time points (T1; baseline, and T2; about 12 weeks post-randomization into the CBSM or HP conditions).
T366 44349-44471 Sentence denotes The mean age was 70.0 years (SD=9.5) and the sample was ethnically diverse (66% White, 18% Black, 12% Hispanic, 4% Other).
T367 44472-44541 Sentence denotes Participants had undergone an average of 19.1 months (SD=17.4) of HT.
T368 44542-44760 Sentence denotes Measures included the Expanded PC Index Composite (EPIC) for treatment-related symptoms and QOL; the COPE Inventory (COPE); Measure of Current Status (MOCS) for perceived stress management skills and salivary cortisol.
T369 44761-44867 Sentence denotes Analyses were conducted using repeated-measures group by time ANOVAs, controlling for relevant covariates.
T370 44868-45152 Sentence denotes Participation in the CBSM intervention condition, relative to the HP control condition, was associated with improvements in disease-specific (i.e., urinary and bowel function) and general QOL, adaptive coping strategies, stress management skills and cortisol regulation (all p's<.05).
T371 45153-45320 Sentence denotes Several mediation models were tested where coping and other stress management strategies were hypothesized to mediate the relationship between group condition and QOL.
T372 45321-45541 Sentence denotes Both greater acceptance (p<.05) and less denial (p<.01) coping were found to be significant mediators of intervention-related improvements in QOL but did not mediate the effect of the intervention on cortisol regulation.
T373 45542-45756 Sentence denotes These results suggest that participation in a telephone based CBSM intervention may be effective in improving general and disease-specific QOL, stress management skills and cortisol regulation. over time (p<.0001).
T374 45757-45992 Sentence denotes Prostate cancer patients had significantly lower levels of anxiety, insomnia, fatigue and pain (ps<.001 or less) compared to patients with other types of cancer, but no significant differences were found across cancer stages over time.
T375 45993-46299 Sentence denotes Patients having received chemotherapy were those displaying the greatest levels of insomnia and fatigue (ps<.05 or less), whereas patients treated by surgery only (no radiation or hormone therapy, or chemotherapy) were those displaying the lowest levels of anxiety and insomnia (ps<.001 or less) over time.
T376 46300-46485 Sentence denotes In summary, cancer patients reported an overall decrease in depression, anxiety and insomnia symptoms, stable fatigue and an increase in pain over the 18-month period following surgery.
T377 46486-46577 Sentence denotes Results also revealed some differences across cancer sites and treatment regimens received.
T378 46578-46719 Sentence denotes Further longitudinal studies are needed in order to identify additional factors associated with changes in cancer-related symptoms over time.
T1 46720-46741 Sentence denotes CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
T2 46742-47043 Sentence denotes Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald, BA, Groupe de recherche en psycho-oncologie, Centre de recherche de l'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Quebec, QC, G1R 2 J6; claudia.trudel-fitzgerald.1@ulaval.ca Physical activity (PA) and good dietary habits can moderate obesity while enhancing immune status, decreasing cancer risk.
T3 47044-47204 Sentence denotes Innate immune cells, monocyte/macrophages, respond to and cooperate with other cells and components of the immune system to detect and eliminate abnormal cells.
T4 47205-47338 Sentence denotes We report here the effect of physical exercise, with or without a high fat diet, on monocyte/macrophage numbers and activity in mice.
T5 47339-47511 Sentence denotes Number and function of circulating blood monocytes from C57BL/6 mice were measured after 6 weeks of PA on a voluntary running wheel, compared with sedentary controls (SE) .
T6 47512-47526 Sentence denotes PA Background:
T7 47527-47672 Sentence denotes Cancer patients using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are generally found to exhibit more depressive symptoms compared to non-users.
T8 47673-47881 Sentence denotes The available studies, however, have not investigated the association between depressive symptoms and use of specific types of CAM in breast cancer patients and often fail to adjust for potential confounders.
T9 47882-47893 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T10 47894-48040 Sentence denotes To explore the associations between use of 10 different types of CAM and depressive symptoms among breast cancer patients 3-4 months post-surgery.
T11 48041-48049 Sentence denotes Methods:
T12 48050-48350 Sentence denotes A total of 3343 Danish women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer (age 26 -70) provided questionnaire data 3-4 months post-surgery on CAM use since diagnosis, the types of CAM used, depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory), physical function (SF-36), health behaviors, and Body Mass Index.
T13 48351-48457 Sentence denotes Data on eligibility, disease status, treatment, and comorbidity were provided by the surgical departments.
T14 48458-48575 Sentence denotes Information on socio-demographic factors and psychiatric history were obtained from national longitudinal registries.
T15 48576-48584 Sentence denotes Results:
T16 48585-48625 Sentence denotes Prevalence of overall CAM use was 40.1%.
T17 48626-48911 Sentence denotes Multivariate negative binomial regression analyses showed that women using one or more types of CAM reported more depressive symptoms than non-users when adjusting for clinical, health-related, and socio-demographic variables (Ratio of Mean (RM) = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.13 -1.27; p < .001).
T18 48912-49123 Sentence denotes When analyzing specific types of CAM, more depressive symptoms were found for women using dietary/nutrition supplements, massage, nutrition/exercise counseling, needle acupuncture, and relaxation/yoga (RM range:
T19 49124-49148 Sentence denotes 1.11 -1.19; p <= .026 ).
T20 49149-49273 Sentence denotes In contrast, use of herbal medicine, reflexology, healing, meditation, and kinesiology was unrelated to depressive symptoms.
T21 49274-49285 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T22 49286-49370 Sentence denotes Use of some types of CAM may be seen as an attempt to cope with depressive symptoms.
T23 49371-49794 Sentence denotes Alternatively, these types of CAM may exhibit a negative influence on mood. guidelines if they were male (24.5% vs 14.7%; χ2=10.3, df=1, p= 0.001), under 60 years (22.7% vs 16.0%; χ2=3.996; df=1, p=0.046), lived in the least deprived areas (21.5% vs 12.0%; χ2=8.795 df=1, p= 0.003), had a post-secondary education (22.9% vs 15.3%; χ2=5.563 df=1, p=0.018), and reported good heath (22.6% vs 10.4%; χ2= 17.993 df=1, p<0.001).
T24 49795-49897 Sentence denotes Time since diagnosis, stage of disease, and disease status were not associated with physical activity.
T25 49898-50003 Sentence denotes Among those not currently meeting guidelines, 59.9% thought that they ought to be more physically active.
T26 50004-50015 Sentence denotes CONCLUSION:
T27 50016-50114 Sentence denotes Overall levels of physical activity are low among men and women with cancer in the United Kingdom.
T28 50115-50321 Sentence denotes However, the majority of insufficiently active participants showed awareness of the need to increase their activity, and may be receptive to interventions for promoting physical activity in this population.
T29 50322-50456 Sentence denotes There is growing recognition that symptom communication is important in understanding how patients adjust to cancer and its treatment.
T30 50457-50608 Sentence denotes This study examined two key aspects of communication: self efficacy for symptom communication and holding back from disclosing cancer related concerns.
T31 50609-50708 Sentence denotes The sample included postmenopausal breast cancer survivors taking adjuvant hormonal therapy (N=35).
T32 50709-50835 Sentence denotes Participants were on average 60.6 years old (SD 7.4) , mostly Caucasian (91%), and over half had at least a college education.
T33 50836-51005 Sentence denotes Regression analyses were conducted to examine the degree to which self-efficacy for symptom communication and holding back predicted measures of symptoms and adjustment.
T34 51006-51119 Sentence denotes These analyses controlled for demographic and medical variables that were significantly correlated with outcomes.
T35 51120-51343 Sentence denotes Results indicated that holding back about discussing cancer related concerns, but not self-efficacy for symptom communication, was a significant predictor of menopausal symptoms, fatigue, intimacy, and functional wellbeing.
T36 51344-51575 Sentence denotes Specifically, holding back was a significant predictor of physical menopausal symptoms (t(30) = 4.05, p=0.000), fatigue (t(31) = 3.47, p=0.002), intimacy (t(30) = −2.52, p=0.017), and functional well-being (t(31) = −3.77, p=0.001).
T37 51576-51849 Sentence denotes Patients who reported a greater tendency to hold back from discussing their cancer related concerns had higher levels of menopausal symptoms (such as difficulty sleeping or a decrease in physical strength) and fatigue and lower levels of intimacy and functional well being.
T38 51850-52095 Sentence denotes Taken together these findings suggest that holding back from disclosing cancerrelated concerns is a significant and consistent predictor of symptoms and adjustment to breast cancer in women taking adjuvant hormonal therapy to prevent recurrence.
T39 52096-52305 Sentence denotes These findings raise the possibility that interventions designed to address symptom communication might be helpful to those patients who are prone to holding back from discussing their cancer-related concerns.
T40 52306-52421 Sentence denotes To date, very little is known about the psychosocial predictors of depression among women with breast cancer (BCA).
T41 52422-52525 Sentence denotes Even less is known about the psychosocial risk factors for depression across the maturational spectrum.
T42 52526-52766 Sentence denotes Although premenstrual and postmenstrual women diagnosed with BCA share a substantially elevated risk of developing a major depression; the coping resources, life challenges, and cancer impact may differ markedly for younger and older women.
T43 52767-52990 Sentence denotes The current study examined coping styles, social support quality, stressful life events, sleep quality, and sexual functioning in 103 women, ages 27 to 69, who had completed treatment for BCA within the previous five years.
T44 52991-53075 Sentence denotes Women were sampled from across the U.S. and completed study measures electronically.
T45 53076-53134 Sentence denotes The mean age of the sample was 46.71 (SD=9.88; median=46).
T46 53135-53238 Sentence denotes The sample was generally well-educated with 94.6% of the sample having at least some college education.
T47 53239-53371 Sentence denotes The majority of respondents were Caucasian (93.2%) leaving the proportion of minority respondents too small for meaningful analysis.
T48 53372-53429 Sentence denotes Approximately 71% were employed either full or part time.
T49 53430-53487 Sentence denotes The majority were married (70.9%) or cohabitating (4.9%).
T50 53488-53677 Sentence denotes Consistent with previous reports, BCA staging and age were inversely and significantly related (r =−.225, p= .024) with younger women (<47 years) diagnosed with more advanced stage illness.
T51 53678-53842 Sentence denotes Despite this differential level of life threat, current findings indicate that the emotional impact of BCA is generally equivalent across the maturational spectrum.
T52 53843-54043 Sentence denotes Both younger and older BCA survivors endorsed significant levels of generalized psychological distress, as measured by the BSI, which was characterized primarily by rumination, anxiety, and hostility.
T53 54044-54317 Sentence denotes Beck Depression Inventory-2 scores indicated that the sample, on average, experienced mild to moderate levels of depressive symptoms with younger women tending to be more symptomatic than the older women, although the difference did not reach significance (t= 1.68, p=.09).
T54 54318-54490 Sentence denotes Sleep quality was also impaired across the sample with the disruption of sleep deprivation on daily activities more frequently found among younger women (χ2=15.82, p<.001).
T55 54491-54584 Sentence denotes Data collection is complete and full results will be known well in advance of the conference.
T56 54585-54699 Sentence denotes The differential experiences, resources, and needs of women struck by BCA at various stages in life are discussed.
T57 54700-54860 Sentence denotes The identification of age-related risk factors for depression may inform early detection, intervention and prevention efforts. discharge from medical treatment.
T58 54861-54955 Sentence denotes The data was analyzed with the content analysis, chi-square test, and correspondence analysis.
T59 54956-55094 Sentence denotes A total of 11 attributes were extracted and categorized as follows: changes due to the cancer (N=24) and perceptions of the cancer (N=14).
T60 55095-55338 Sentence denotes The attributes indicated by many of the participants were "having cancer brought my family closer together(N=14)", "I have met various people(N=12)", "cancer has been the precious experience of my life(N=11)", "I wonder why I got cancer(N=9)".
T61 55339-55476 Sentence denotes Some attributes of positive changes due to the cancer and perceptions of the cancer were statistically significant differences among age.
T62 55477-55612 Sentence denotes This study identified the important components of the impact of the cancer in Japanese childhood cancer patients after their discharge.
T63 55613-55687 Sentence denotes Most patients thought that good things have come out of having had cancer.
T64 55688-55829 Sentence denotes In addition, older patients have more diversified views of the cancer than younger patients because they have had many problems and benefits.
T65 55830-55953 Sentence denotes We previously reported high prevalence of asthma (34% by parent report) in children in Puerto Rico (Nazario et al., 2004) .
T66 55954-56088 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to describe the treatment, healthcare utilization, and morbidity of children with asthma in Puerto Rico.
T67 56089-56268 Sentence denotes This phase of the study involved the administration of a parent interview, spirometry and physician examination, in order to learn more about medical care of children with asthma.
T68 56269-56495 Sentence denotes Evaluations were conducted in 2001 on a sample of 300 5-10 year-old children enrolled in public schools in San Juan, including both children whose parents reported they had asthma (n=190) and presumed healthy children (n=110).
T69 56496-56562 Sentence denotes The mean age was 6 years old (SD=.9 years) and 50.2% were females.
T70 56563-56725 Sentence denotes Among those with asthma, 32% were prescribed anti-inflammatory medications, with 49% receiving only bronchodilators, and 18% not receiving any asthma medications.
T71 56726-56896 Sentence denotes Using NHANES criteria, 46% had mild and 54% had moderate-severe asthma; of the latter, 13% of parents reported not having any medication prescriptions for their children.
T72 56897-57024 Sentence denotes Children with asthma and those without did not differ on environmental risk factors or on forced vital capacity (FVC) measures.
T73 57025-57246 Sentence denotes However, parents of children with asthma, compared to those without, reported they had significantly more symptoms of asthma in the last 14 days (p=.02) and missed more school in the last two months due to asthma (p=.02).
T74 57247-57377 Sentence denotes Mean number of doctor visits, ED visits, and hospitalizations for asthma in the past year were 2.72, 1.64, and 0.42, respectively.
T75 57378-57681 Sentence denotes Forty-one percent of parents of children with asthma reported that they did not have written instructions for taking medications; 96% were not told to use a peak flow meter; 82% did not have a written care plan for asthma care at school; and 72% did not having a written plan for environmental triggers.
T76 57682-57769 Sentence denotes Of those prescribed nebulizer treatments, 51% reported not adhering to recommendations.
T77 57770-57905 Sentence denotes Sixty-seven percent of those who were prescribed medication reported not adhering because of concerns regarding potential side effects.
T78 57906-58007 Sentence denotes These results indicate that in 2001 children in San Juan were not being optimally treated for asthma.
T79 58008-58145 Sentence denotes Given the high prevalence and morbidity of asthma in Puerto Rico, there is a need for educational efforts to improve treatment practices.
T80 58146-58162 Sentence denotes Background/aims:
T81 58163-58263 Sentence denotes High levels of distress are reported in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) .
T82 58264-58412 Sentence denotes Only a few studies looked into social support as a contributor and suggest that patients' perceptions of support are indicative for their wellbeing.
T83 58413-58614 Sentence denotes Research in other chronic diseases shows that overprotection (e.g. unnecessary help) and protective buffering (e.g. concealing worries) as reported by partners is often related to distress in patients.
T84 58615-58734 Sentence denotes We studied overprotection and protective buffering in relation to distress in COPD patients, from a dyadic perspective.
T85 58735-58743 Sentence denotes Methods:
T86 58744-58834 Sentence denotes 103 couples were approached at a pulmonary rehabilitation center and an outpatient clinic.
T87 58835-58938 Sentence denotes The analyses were performed using a sample of the 68 couples who consented (to take part in the study).
T88 58939-58998 Sentence denotes We assessed distress with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25.
T89 58999-59122 Sentence denotes Patients' and partners' perceptions of partner support were measured with a questionnaire developed by Buunk et al (1996) .
T90 59123-59206 Sentence denotes Data were analysed using bivariate correlations and a stepwise regression analysis.
T91 59207-59215 Sentence denotes Results:
T92 59216-59281 Sentence denotes Mean age of patients was 63.8 (±9.5) and of partners 62.3 (±9.7).
T93 59282-59373 Sentence denotes More male patients participated (57.4%) and more patients of the outpatient clinic (55.9%).
T94 59374-59419 Sentence denotes Patients were quite distressed (M=44.3±11.4).
T95 59420-59652 Sentence denotes Distress was predicted by patients' perceptions of protective buffering (R2=0.23, p<0.01), partners' report of overprotection (R2=0.10, p<0.01) and differences within a couple in their perception of overprotection (R2=0.08, p<0.01).
T96 59653-59665 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T97 59666-59782 Sentence denotes Overprotection and protective buffering by partners explain a great deal of the variance in COPD patients' distress.
T98 59783-59941 Sentence denotes Patient and partner perspectives on partner support, as well as disagreement between the couple, all seem to play an independent role in distress of patients.
T99 59942-59953 Sentence denotes Background:
T100 59954-60093 Sentence denotes Research has shown that social support and certain coping strategies attenuated cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) to stressful circumstances.
T101 60094-60157 Sentence denotes This hypothesis has not been tested in an immigrant population.
T102 60158-60339 Sentence denotes The current study assessed the effects of perceived social support and problem-focused and emotionfocused coping on CVR to stress among Chinese immigrants in the New York City area.
T103 60340-60347 Sentence denotes Method:
T104 60348-60545 Sentence denotes First generation Chinese immigrants (N=150; Mean Age=53 years old; 86 Females, Average Length of Stay in the United States=20 years) were recruited from the New York Downtown Hospital in Chinatown.
T105 60546-60750 Sentence denotes Following the study description and informed consent procedures, participants completed questionnaires which assessed social support and their use of problem focused and emotion focused coping strategies.
T106 60751-60917 Sentence denotes Following an 8-minute adaptation period, participants recalled a stress-provoking event related to their immigration experience in a semi-structured interview format.
T107 60918-60988 Sentence denotes Recovery was monitored for 20 minutes and participants were debriefed.
T108 60989-61130 Sentence denotes Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored at 2 minute intervals during baseline and recovery, and 1 minute intervals during the interview.
T109 61131-61138 Sentence denotes Result:
T110 61139-61323 Sentence denotes Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the interaction perceived social support and emotion-focused coping is associated with low baseline SBP, β=-.18, t=-2.19, p<.03.
T111 61324-61456 Sentence denotes However, perceived social support and emotion-focused coping is associated with higher SBP during provocation, β=.23, t=2.70, p<.01.
T112 61457-61468 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T113 61469-61640 Sentence denotes Availability of social support is reassuring when coupled with the use of emotion-focused coping, and when the situation demands low coping resources (as during baseline).
T114 61641-61889 Sentence denotes However, under conditions of stress where the demand for coping resources is high (e.g., during stress provocation), perceived social support and the use of emotion-focused coping does not help and may actually suggest an increase in CVR to stress.
T115 61890-62036 Sentence denotes This may be related to the Chinese value of collectivism, which may manifest itself through an unwillingness to burden others with personal needs.
T116 62037-62209 Sentence denotes Prospective studies demonstrate relations of subclinical depressive symptoms with enhanced risk for cardiovascular disease, yet little is known about underlying mechanisms.
T117 62210-62317 Sentence denotes Depressive symptoms are also associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and cardiovascular risk factors.
T118 62318-62507 Sentence denotes We examined whether lifestyle factors mediated relations of depressive symptoms to cardiovascular risk factors in 205 healthy, community-dwelling older adults (55% male; mean age=66 years).
T119 62508-62890 Sentence denotes Participants underwent a medical history, physical examination, blood chemistries, exercise treadmill testing with maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max), an oral glucose tolerance test, clinical assessment of blood pressure and body mass index (BMI), completion of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and assessment of smoking status and number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week.
T120 62891-63086 Sentence denotes Primary outcome variables included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glucose levels at 0 and 120 minutes, waist circumference, triglycerides, and total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol.
T121 63087-63199 Sentence denotes Potential mediators assessed were number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week, smoking status, Vo2max, and BMI.
T122 63200-63466 Sentence denotes Multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, education, sex, race, and use of antihypertensives revealed a significant positive association between depression and triglyceride levels (b=24.2, p=.009), waist circumference (b=9.56, p<.001), and BMI (b=3.03, p=.001).
T123 63467-63599 Sentence denotes Subsequent regression models testing for possible mediation indicated that the relation of BDI to triglycerides was mediated by BMI.
T124 63600-63820 Sentence denotes Thus, in healthy older adults, depressive symptoms are associated with increased body mass, waist circumference, and triglyceride levels, and body mass mediates the relation of depressive symptoms to triglyceride levels.
T125 63821-63934 Sentence denotes Obesity may be an important mechanism by which depressive symptoms influence cardiovascular risk in older adults.
T126 63935-64184 Sentence denotes Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) display high levels of psychological distress which may be associated with increased mortality, lower functional status, and poor self-care behaviors.
T127 64185-64438 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to characterize the psychosocial, cognitive, physical, and demographic profiles of patients with COPD and IPF with the goal of better understanding similarities and differences among patients with these pulmonary disorders.
T128 64439-64575 Sentence denotes Patients with COPD (N=16; Female=5) and IPF (N=15; Female=5) were recruited from The Ohio State University outpatient pulmonary clinics.
T129 64576-64731 Sentence denotes Participants completed three visits over the course of twelve months and at each session completed a series of questionnaires and cognitive function tests.
T130 64732-64808 Sentence denotes At baseline and twelve months, participants completed pulmonary evaluations.
T131 64809-64974 Sentence denotes IPF patients were significantly older (M=69.3) than COPD patients (M= 58.7) and had better pulmonary functioning (FEV1 % predicted= 75.7% in IPF vs. 44.2% in COPD) .
T132 64975-65078 Sentence denotes All analyses of psychological functioning and cognitive performance were conducted controlling for age.
T133 65079-65207 Sentence denotes COPD patients indicated significantly more symptoms of depression (p<.01; CES-D) and anxiety (p<.05; BAI) than did IPF patients.
T134 65208-65270 Sentence denotes COPD patients also reported less social support (p<.01, PSSS).
T135 65271-65412 Sentence denotes In addition, COPD patients indicated significantly poorer emotional quality of life, as reflected in the Mental Component Score of the SF-36.
T136 65413-65609 Sentence denotes However, no differences were observed between COPD patients and IPF patients on the Physical Component Score of the SF-36 or in symptoms of breathlessness, sleep quality, or cognitive performance.
T137 65610-65866 Sentence denotes Thus, although perceptions of physical quality of life and breathlessness are similar among COPD and IPF patients, patients with COPD indicate significantly greater symptoms of emotional distress and poorer emotional quality of life than patients with IPF.
T138 65867-65962 Sentence denotes Heightened distress among patients with COPD is important to consider in treatment of patients.
T139 65963-66158 Sentence denotes In addition, further evaluation of disease-related processes and biological differences between COPD and IPF patients is needed to understand mechanisms that may explain the observed differences.
T140 66159-66169 Sentence denotes Objective:
T141 66170-66393 Sentence denotes This study investigated a reactivity hypothesis and a vagal brake hypothesis of cardiovascular reactivity and recovery in the expressive and suppressive hostility behavior patterns of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients.
T142 66394-66401 Sentence denotes Method:
T143 66402-66496 Sentence denotes 82 CAD patients (age=61.50±10.53; 13.40% were female) participated in this experimental study.
T144 66497-66733 Sentence denotes Participants were separated into four groups using the Chinese Hostility Inventory_ Short Form: high expressive hostility group, high suppressive hostility group, high expressive with high suppressive hostility group, and control group.
T145 66734-66927 Sentence denotes Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured in two-minute intervals under baseline, anger recall task (Time 1, Time 2, Time3), and recovery.
T146 66928-66936 Sentence denotes Results:
T147 66937-67167 Sentence denotes After controlling the baseline level to examine reactivity, the results indicated that significant difference between four groups in SBP, DBP and HR; as well an interaction existed among groups and SBP under the anger recall task.
T148 67168-67379 Sentence denotes Post-hoc analyses indicated that the high expressive hostility group had higher SBP and DBP than the control group in Time 2; the high suppressive hostility group had higher SBP than the control group in Time 3.
T149 67380-67491 Sentence denotes After controlling the anger level to examine recovery, an interaction existed among groups and SBP, DBP and HR.
T150 67492-67503 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T151 67504-67773 Sentence denotes This study verified the reactivity hypothesis in the expressive hostility group who had peak SBP and DBP reactivity in the beginning of the anger recall task; however, the suppressive hostility group demonstrated peak SBP reactivity at the end of the anger recall task.
T152 67774-67843 Sentence denotes This study also extended Proges's vagal brake hypothesis in recovery.
T153 67844-67971 Sentence denotes Hostility behavior patterns caused different cardiovascular reactivity and recovery that regulated by autonomic nervous system.
T154 67972-68092 Sentence denotes These reactivity and recovery may predict different psychopathological mechanisms or prognosis pathways in CAD patients.
T155 68093-68193 Sentence denotes Heart rate variability(HRV) has been related to cardiac mortality and morbidity in cardiac patients.
T156 68194-68317 Sentence denotes This research is to study whether a 8-week course of interventional program could mediate ANS function in cardiac patients.
T157 68318-68522 Sentence denotes Participants(N=39)were randomly assigned to either treatment group consist of eight sessions of cognitive behavior group program, psycho education, breathing retraining and HRV biofeedback(Stress Eraser).
T158 68523-68600 Sentence denotes The ANS function (SNS) were measured pre-(week 0) and post-(week 8) sessions.
T159 68601-68878 Sentence denotes 1 Graduate School of Human Sciences, WASEDA University, Tokorozawa, Japan; 2 Faculty of Human Sciences, WASEDA University, Tokorozawa, Japan; 3 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan and 4 National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Hospital, Suita, Japan.
T160 68879-68892 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T161 68893-69063 Sentence denotes Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are increasingly used for the prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
T162 69064-69148 Sentence denotes Most ICD recipients are reported to experience some degree of psychosocial problems.
T163 69149-69367 Sentence denotes Despite calls by international committees for improving cardiologists' recognition and treatment of psychosocial problems for patients with ICDs, little is known about cardiologists' beliefs for these problems in Asia.
T164 69368-69489 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to identify cardiologists' beliefs about psychosocial problems for ICD recipients in Japan.
T165 69490-69498 Sentence denotes Methods:
T166 69499-69599 Sentence denotes Of all 337 licensed hospitals to implant ICDs in Japan, 145 (40.1%) participated in our mail survey.
T167 69600-69679 Sentence denotes The subjects were cardiologists who frequently implanted ICDs in each hospital.
T168 69680-69996 Sentence denotes The questionnaire consisted of 10 items designed to assess respondents' beliefs about psychosocial problems (i.e., "ICD recipients often have health care issues.") and prior experiences of psychiatric care (i.e., "How often have you prescribed psychotropic medications to patients diagnosed with mental disorders?").
T169 69997-70047 Sentence denotes Respondents rated each question on 4-point scales.
T170 70048-70056 Sentence denotes Results:
T171 70057-70256 Sentence denotes Most cardiologists (91-96%) identified "health care issues," "lifestyle issues," and "emotional well-being issues" as concerning factors that could affect the psychosocial problems of ICD recipients.
T172 70257-70417 Sentence denotes On the other hand, many cardiologists (67-88%) did not provide mental health care such as pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, counseling, and listening attentively.
T173 70418-70429 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T174 70430-70594 Sentence denotes Our results indicate that most cardiologists do not provide mental health care for psychosocial problems of ICD recipients, though they are aware of these problems.
T175 70595-70617 Sentence denotes Learning objectives 1.
T176 70618-70696 Sentence denotes Describe the prevalence of abnormal weight among low-income Korean children 2.
T177 70697-70754 Sentence denotes Explain behaviors associated with abnormal weight status.
T178 70755-70766 Sentence denotes Background:
T179 70767-70905 Sentence denotes A national school health screening program of Korea announces an increase of underweight in school while obesity increases in the country.
T180 70906-70992 Sentence denotes Low-income children are vulnerable to such discrepancy and subsequent health outcomes.
T181 70993-71150 Sentence denotes This study is intended to report the prevalence of abnormal weight status and associated behavioral and health characteristics of low-income Korean children.
T182 71151-71159 Sentence denotes Methods:
T183 71160-71273 Sentence denotes A total of 2,033 low-income elementary students were recruited from 106 Community Child Centers in Korea in 2006.
T184 71274-71378 Sentence denotes Health examination and survey were conducted to detect behavioral characteristics and health conditions.
T185 71379-71507 Sentence denotes Abnormal weight was determined by using the BMI-for-age and -sex chart of the national School Health Screening Program of Korea.
T186 71508-71516 Sentence denotes Results:
T187 71517-71632 Sentence denotes Higher prevalence of underweight(8.0%) and overweight/obesity(18.0%) is found among low-income elementary children.
T188 71633-71884 Sentence denotes Differences in eating regularity and variety, smoking, and health education experience are found between abnormal and normal weight children, while previously established factors such as drinking soda and exercise level are not relevant in this study.
T189 71885-72107 Sentence denotes Underweight children experience higher level of stress with academic performance (OR=3.757, p=0.005) than normal weight children, and overweight/obese children are more concerned about their appearance (OR=3.881, p<0.001).
T190 72108-72119 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T191 72120-72268 Sentence denotes These findings highlight the importance of coordinated health promotion programs that integrate school health with services for low-income children.
T192 72269-72407 Sentence denotes Periodical monitoring and nutritional service should concern preventing and intervening early in order to reduce abnormal weight problems.
T193 72408-72570 Sentence denotes Research is needed to understand a more comprehensive picture of factors associated with both underweight and overweight/obesity among low-income Korean children.
T194 72571-72690 Sentence denotes According to the NIMH (2004), a significant number of children suffer from untreated emotional and behavioral problems.
T195 72691-72846 Sentence denotes This lack of service use has significant implications considering that mental health (MH) problems during childhood can lead to difficulties later in life.
T196 72847-73035 Sentence denotes Despite increased efforts to tailor MH services to the needs of each consumer, ethnocultural disparities in access to and use of these services continue to abound (Yamada & Brekke, 2008) .
T197 73036-73163 Sentence denotes Findings suggest that ethnic minority populations have a higher unmet need than Non-Hispanic Whites (e.g., Diala et al, 2002) .
T198 73164-73237 Sentence denotes However, efforts to explain disparities in MH services have been limited.
T199 73238-73448 Sentence denotes Researchers have identified several variables that influence individuals to utilize mental health services such as income, ethnicity, and attitudes (e.g., Cepeda-Benito & Short, 1998; Turner & Liew, in press) .
T200 73449-73654 Sentence denotes Obasi & Leong (2009) hypothesize that it is also important to note that group difference exists, and it is imperative that future research investigate cultural variables (acculturation, traditions, etc.) .
T201 73655-73976 Sentence denotes Previous research has found some ethnic minority groups use coping sources (i.e., friends, family) and practices (i.e., family, social, and religious) that are more consistent with their cultural beliefs instead of those more consistent with traditional MH services (e.g., Harrison et al., 2004; McMiller & Weisz, 1996) .
T202 73977-74198 Sentence denotes The purpose of the current study is to examine to role of cultural identity, religiosity, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and attitudes on utilization of MH service among European Americans and non-European Americans.
T203 74199-74288 Sentence denotes Participants were 150 caregivers (89% female) recruited from the Southwest United States.
T204 74289-74333 Sentence denotes Mean age of participants was 34.4 years old.
T205 74334-74596 Sentence denotes Participants completed the following measures a demographic questionnaire, the Parental Attitudes Toward Psychological Services Inventory (PATPSI; Turner, 2006) , and selfreported their cultural identity, religiosity, and likelihood of mental health service use.
T206 74597-74783 Sentence denotes Results indicated that both attitudes and PBC were positively related to utilization, and participants' ratings of cultural identity and religiosity were not correlated with utilization.
T207 74784-74937 Sentence denotes When examining group differences between European Americans and non-European Americans mean differences were only noted for perceived behavioral control.
T208 74938-75036 Sentence denotes European Americans reported feeling more control over their ability to seek services if warranted.
T209 75037-75156 Sentence denotes Finally, both perceived behavioral control and attitudes independently predicted utilization of mental health services.
T210 75157-75237 Sentence denotes Implications for future research and applications to families will be discussed.
T211 75238-75249 Sentence denotes Background:
T212 75250-75348 Sentence denotes Adult obesity is associated with poorer cognitive function and physical coordination in childhood.
T213 75349-75360 Sentence denotes Hypothesis:
T214 75361-75589 Sentence denotes Hearing impairment in childhood as a marker of childhood function is associated with adult obesity, and is a better marker for neurological function as it is less subject to social confounding and unlikely to influence exercise.
T215 75590-75598 Sentence denotes Methods:
T216 75599-75763 Sentence denotes Among 3288 male and 3527 female members of a longitudinal cohort born in Great Britain in 1970 associations with adult obesity for hearing impairment were assessed.
T217 75764-75831 Sentence denotes BMI was measured at age 10 years and self-reported at age 34 years.
T218 75832-75873 Sentence denotes Audiometry was conducted at age 10 years.
T219 75874-75993 Sentence denotes The dependent variable in logistic regression was minor impairment with bilateral loss as a marker of systemic effects.
T220 75994-76160 Sentence denotes Adjustment for potential confounding factors included social class, both parents living in the household, maternal education and pubertal development at age 10 years.
T221 76161-76169 Sentence denotes Results:
T222 76170-76428 Sentence denotes Among females, the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for associations observed with hearing impairment at age 10 years were 2.33 (1.36-3.98 ) for overweight/obesity; and at age 34 years they were 1.71 (1.00-2.92) for overweight and 2.73 (1.58-4.71 ) for obesity.
T223 76429-76522 Sentence denotes Childhood BMI did not explain the association of childhood hearing impairment with adult BMI.
T224 76523-76604 Sentence denotes There were no consistent associations among males for hearing impairment and BMI.
T225 76605-76616 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T226 76617-77004 Sentence denotes The association between bilateral hearing impairment in childhood and subsequent adult-onset obesity might be due to early exposures such as psychosocial stress with chronic activation of glucocorticoid receptors, which may damage hearing through detrimental effects on the central nervous system (i.e. via interactions with estrogen receptors in the cochlea) and also result in obesity.
T227 77005-77123 Sentence denotes Parenting involvement is important in children's management of T1D with the quality of involvement being a key factor.
T228 77124-77254 Sentence denotes For example, negative or critical parenting has been associated with poorer adherence to T1D regimens and worse metabolic control.
T229 77255-77377 Sentence denotes However, there is little research that has examined the psychosocial impact of non-supportive parenting on youth with T1D.
T230 77378-77547 Sentence denotes Therefore, the current study examined the relationship of non-supportive parent behaviors and child self-efficacy, hypothesizing child depressive symptoms as a mediator.
T231 77548-77632 Sentence denotes Baseline data from an RCT to promote adherence in preadolescents with T1D were used.
T232 77633-77902 Sentence denotes For the current study, youth self-report was used; including measures of non-supportive parental behavior (Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist), depressive symptoms (Child Depression Inventory; CDI) and self-efficacy for diabetes care (Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Scale).
T233 77903-77948 Sentence denotes Participants were 86 youth 8 to 11 years old.
T234 77949-78053 Sentence denotes A mediation model was tested (Holmbeck, 2001) controlling for child age, insulin regimen, and ethnicity.
T235 78054-78119 Sentence denotes None of the demographic variables were significant in the models.
T236 78120-78238 Sentence denotes More nonsupportive parental behavior was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms (F(1,77)=8.058, p< .01).
T237 78239-78324 Sentence denotes Higher CDI scores were associated with lower self-efficacy (F(1,83)=15.316, p<.0001).
T238 78325-78607 Sentence denotes With all variables entered into the regression equation (F(2,69)=7.201, p=.001), the association between non-supportive parental behavior and child self efficacy was no longer significant and was fully mediated by child depressive symptoms, as tested by Sobel's equation (z= -2.06).
T239 78608-78784 Sentence denotes In sum, non-supportive parental behaviors appear to be related to increased child depressive symptoms, which in turn are related to lower self-efficacy for diabetes management.
T240 78785-79078 Sentence denotes Clinical implications of these findings include encouraging positive parental involvement in children's diabetes management and decreasing negative or critical involvement, as well as assessing and treating depression in youth with T1D in order to improve diabetes self-efficacy and self care.
T241 79079-79090 Sentence denotes Background:
T242 79091-79358 Sentence denotes A negative social gradient in overweight among adolescents has been shown in developed countries but few studies have examined whether weight gain and the development of overweight differs among adolescents from different socioeconomic groups in a longitudinal study.
T243 79359-79369 Sentence denotes Objective:
T244 79370-79544 Sentence denotes To identify the possible association between parental socioeconomic position, weight change and the risk of developing overweight among adolescents between the ages 15 to 21.
T245 79545-79552 Sentence denotes Design:
T246 79553-79669 Sentence denotes Prospective cohort study conducted in Denmark with baseline examination in 1996 and follow-up questionnaire in 2003.
T247 79670-79744 Sentence denotes A sample of 1,656 adolescents participated in both baseline and follow-up.
T248 79745-79991 Sentence denotes Of these 1,402 had a body mass index (BMI=weight/ height2kg/m2) below 25 at baseline when adjusted for age and gender according to guidelines from International Obesity Taskforce, and were at risk of developing overweight during the study period.
T249 79992-80092 Sentence denotes The main outcome measures were change in BMI and development of overweight (from BMI<25 to BMI>=25).
T250 80093-80101 Sentence denotes Results:
T251 80102-80201 Sentence denotes Average BMI increased from 21.3 to 22.7 for girls and from 20.6 to 23.6 for boys from age 15 to 21.
T252 80202-80314 Sentence denotes An inverse social gradient in overweight was seen for girls at baseline and follow-up and for boys at follow-up.
T253 80315-80439 Sentence denotes In the full population there was a tendency to a social gradient in the overall increase in BMI for girls, but not for boys.
T254 80440-80513 Sentence denotes A total of 13.4 percent developed overweight during the follow-up period.
T255 80514-80710 Sentence denotes Girls of lower socioeconomic position had a higher risk of developing overweight (OR's between 4.72; CI 1.31 to 17.04 and 2.03; CI 1.10-3.74) when compared to girls of high socioeconomic position.
T256 80711-80849 Sentence denotes The risk of developing overweight or obesity during the follow-up period was not associated with parental socioeconomic position for boys.
T257 80850-80862 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T258 80863-80948 Sentence denotes The levels of overweight and obesity among adolescents are high and continue to rise.
T259 80949-81112 Sentence denotes Results from this study suggest that the social gradient in overweight becomes steeper for girls and emerge for boys in late adolescence (age span 15 to 21 years).
T260 81113-81250 Sentence denotes Late adolescence seems to be an important window of opportunity in reducing the social inequality in overweight among Danish adolescents.
T261 81251-81264 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T262 81265-81378 Sentence denotes Adolescent sleep deprivation is an international health crisis affecting learning, high risk behaviors, and mood.
T263 81379-81518 Sentence denotes Adolescent sleep is impacted by numerous factors; the family sleep environment being one of the most important and most amenable to change.
T264 81519-81596 Sentence denotes There are currently no valid, reliable measures of family sleep environments.
T265 81597-81681 Sentence denotes This research developed and validated the Howard Family Sleep Questionnaire (HFSQ) .
T266 81682-81949 Sentence denotes We demonstrated that a) the HFSQ can predict sleep disorders b) gender interacts with family factors to predict the quality, duration and timing of sleep (still analyzing) and c) cultural impacts on the relationship between sleep and family factors (still analyzing).
T267 81950-81958 Sentence denotes Methods:
T268 81959-82202 Sentence denotes The HFSQ, the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Epworth-Billings Sleepiness scale (EBSS), and questionnaires assessing sleep behaviors were collected from 50 adolescents in various parts of Maryland.
T269 82203-82280 Sentence denotes An additional 50 adolescents in Karachi, Pakistan were given the test packet.
T270 82281-82289 Sentence denotes Results:
T271 82290-82511 Sentence denotes In the Maryland sample, individuals identified with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) either by the ESS or the EBSS scored significantly higher on the HFSQ (ESS t (34) = -2.509, p = 0.017; EBSS t (34) = -2.028, p = .05).
T272 82512-82733 Sentence denotes The HSFQ was significantly correlated with the PSQI total score (r = .376, p = .05) and the PSQI sleep disturbance index (r = .444, p = .001), while the ESS and EBSS scores were not significantly correlated with the HFSQ.
T273 82734-82792 Sentence denotes Similar analyses on the Pakistan sample is about to begin.
T274 82793-82804 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T275 82805-82931 Sentence denotes These results suggest that the family sleep environment can significantly predict excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents.
T276 82932-83091 Sentence denotes Additionally, the HFSQ gains construct validity by its significant relationship to the PSQI total score (i.e., poor sleepers) and PSQI sleep disturbance index.
T277 83092-83267 Sentence denotes Hopefully, the HFSQ will be translated and validated in numerous cultures since there is a need for large scale international collaboration on this all important health topic.
T278 83268-83437 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to examine the effects of parental conflict on the health-related quality of life in a sample of Spanish children between 8 and 12 years.
T279 83438-83539 Sentence denotes Participants were 1111 children with a mean age of 10,13 years (SD=1,29), 50,3% boys and 49,7% girls.
T280 83540-83725 Sentence denotes The level of parental conflict was assessed by a fivepoint scale, in which children estimated the current relationship between his/her parents as very good, good, fair, poor, very poor.
T281 83726-84152 Sentence denotes Quality of life was evaluated using the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition that examines the children perceived health in five dimensions: satisfaction (with self and health), comfort (emotional and physical symptoms and limitations), resilience (positive activities that promote health), risk avoidance (risky behaviors that influence future health) and achievement (social expectations in school and with peers).
T282 84153-84567 Sentence denotes Results show a positive and significant relation in all dimensions, indicating that the more conflictive is the relationship between parents, the worse the quality of life (satisfaction: F=26.52, p=.00; comfort: F=8.44, Parents of children with chronic illness typically report higher stress relative to those of healthy children; however, general parenting stress measures may not capture their unique challenges.
T283 84568-84688 Sentence denotes The Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP) was developed to assess parents' stress in caring for a child with an illness.
T284 84689-84848 Sentence denotes However, the extant psychometric data for the PIP is limited and has not been adequately examined within a large sample of parents of children and adolescents.
T285 84849-84956 Sentence denotes The current study more thoroughly explores the psychometric properties of the PIP in Type 1 diabetes (T1D).
T286 84957-85126 Sentence denotes Participants included 430 primary caregivers of children and adolescents with T1D who had participated in various research studies at a mid-atlantic children's hospital.
T287 85127-85233 Sentence denotes Child ages ranged from 2.16-17.06 years (SD=3.49); illness duration ranged from .30-13.64 years (SD=2.76).
T288 85234-85414 Sentence denotes All participants completed the PIP, which provides total frequency and difficulty scores and four domain scores (Communication, Emotional Functioning, Medical Care, Role Function).
T289 85415-85608 Sentence denotes A substantial subsample completed self-report measures of theoretically associated constructs, including parent anxiety, depression, and family allocation of diabetes management responsibility.
T290 85609-85748 Sentence denotes The internal consistency estimates for the total score (α = .97), and Frequency (α = .93) and Difficulty domains (α = .95), were very good.
T291 85749-85835 Sentence denotes For the four domains, internal consistency ranged from adequate to good (α = .74-.90).
T292 85836-86049 Sentence denotes The overall validity of the PIP was promising, as Frequency and Difficulty scores were significantly correlated with parental anxiety (r=.34-.53, p<.01) and depression (r=.29-.45, p<.01) scores across all domains.
T293 86050-86175 Sentence denotes Greater parental responsibility for diabetes care was positively correlated with lower medical care stress (r= -.19, p<.05) .
T294 86176-86533 Sentence denotes These data support the PIP as a valid and reliable measurement of pediatric parenting stress for primary caregivers of children and adolescents with T1D, indicating its utility in quantifying parenting stress in clinical and research endeavors with families of children with T1D and other chronic illnesses. , p=.00; resilience: F=30.45, p=.00; achievement:
T295 86534-86583 Sentence denotes F =16.39, p=.00; risk avoidance: F=13.77, p=.00).
T296 86584-86789 Sentence denotes Post hoc comparisons showed that significant differences were found between children who perceived the relationship between parents very good and those that considered it as good, fair, poor and very poor.
T297 86790-86862 Sentence denotes However, there were no significant differences between the other groups.
T298 86863-87034 Sentence denotes The results highlight the importance of the child's perception of a good family atmosphere and the absence of parental conflict for optimal health-related quality of life.
T299 87035-87046 Sentence denotes Background:
T300 87047-87179 Sentence denotes Studies have shown that children and adolescents who somatize are at high risk for presenting with underlying psychosocial problems.
T301 87180-87190 Sentence denotes Objective:
T302 87191-87368 Sentence denotes To investigate the relationship between somatization symptoms and psychosocial problems in children and adolescents receiving treatment in a pediatric Emergency Department (ED).
T303 87369-87376 Sentence denotes Method:
T304 87377-87503 Sentence denotes Three-hundred and fiftyeight patients (48.6% male, 51.4% female) were recruited from the ED at Childrens Hospital Los Angeles.
T305 87504-87563 Sentence denotes Patients ranged from 8 to 18 years of age (M=12.8, SD=2.9).
T306 87564-87663 Sentence denotes Investigators conducted an anonymous, cross-sectional, multi-informant (child and caregiver) study.
T307 87664-87936 Sentence denotes Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient was used to analyze relationships between somatization (pain/weakness, gastrointestinal, and pseudoneurological symptoms) and psychosocial problems (attention, internalizing, externalizing, and total psychosocial problems).
T308 87937-87945 Sentence denotes Results:
T309 87946-88144 Sentence denotes Pain/weakness symptoms were significantly correlated with attention (r=.292, p<.01), externalizing (r=.242, p<.001), internalizing (r=.383, p<.001), and total psychosocial problems (r=.452, p<.001).
T310 88145-88363 Sentence denotes Gastrointestinal symptoms also had a significant positive correlation with attention (r=.304, p<.001), externalizing (r=.242, p<.001), internalizing (r =.383, p<.001), and total psychosocial problems (r =.452, p<.001).
T311 88364-88583 Sentence denotes Pesudoneurological symptoms also had a positive significant relationship with attention (r=.357, p<.001), externalizing (r=.211, p<.001), internalizing (r=.408, p<.001), and total psychosocial problems (r=.455, p<.001).
T312 88584-88595 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T313 88596-88668 Sentence denotes All measures of somatization were associated with psychosocial problems.
T314 88669-88766 Sentence denotes This demonstrates the importance of screening children and adolescents for somatization symptoms.
T315 88767-88941 Sentence denotes The pediatric ED can be a useful setting to screen for somatization in order to identify children and adolescent who need referral for mental health assessment and treatment.
T316 88942-88952 Sentence denotes Objective:
T317 88953-89134 Sentence denotes To assess parental attributions of internal locus of control of adolescent obesity as a predictor of Expressed Emotion (EE), specifically Criticism, in parents of obese adolescents.
T318 89135-89232 Sentence denotes Background: EE is a measure of family attitudes and feelings towards a symptomatic family member.
T319 89233-89378 Sentence denotes One theory regarding EE, particularly the criticism facet, is that it stems from attributions of internal control to the afflicted family member.
T320 89379-89708 Sentence denotes Significant correlations between EE and misattributions have been found in a number of disorders including schizophrenia, anxiety disorders and learning disabilities suggesting that correcting misattributions may in turn modify levels of EE, a positive predictor of relapse rates and a negative predictor of treatment compliance.
T321 89709-89717 Sentence denotes Methods:
T322 89718-89927 Sentence denotes Thirty four parent-adolescent dyads participating in a treatment study targeting adolescent overweight and obesity at Mount Sinai School of Medicine and at the University of Chicago participated in this study.
T323 89928-90088 Sentence denotes Parents completed the Family Questionnaire to assess EE, and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale to assess attributions of their child's obesity.
T324 90089-90132 Sentence denotes Data were collected at baseline assessment.
T325 90133-90141 Sentence denotes Results:
T326 90142-90379 Sentence denotes Linear regression analyses with parental BMI as a covariate indicated that parental internal locus of control regarding adolescent obesity was significant (beta=−.417, p=.039) as a unique negative predictor of the criticism factor of EE.
T327 90380-90391 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T328 90392-90546 Sentence denotes Contrary to our hypothesis, increased attributions of obesity to a locus of control internal to the child were associated with reduced parental criticism.
T329 90547-90790 Sentence denotes Though contradictory to literature on attributions and EE in other disorders and conditions, our findings are consistent with data on parental obesity indicating that overweight parents tend to be less alarmed regarding their overweight child.
T330 90791-90871 Sentence denotes Notably, the majority (92.6%) of parents in our sample were overweight or obese.
T331 90872-91001 Sentence denotes Given the concordance of overweight or obese status between parents and offspring in our are domains of particular vulnerability.
T332 91002-91130 Sentence denotes There have also been several reports of lower visual-motor drawing ability among children with complex congenital heart disease.
T333 91131-91251 Sentence denotes Multiple medical and surgical variables have been recognized as impacting neurodevelopmental outcome for these children.
T334 91252-91485 Sentence denotes Very few studies have specifically examined neurodevelopmental outcome for children with ventricular septal defects (VSDs), which are among the most common congenital heart problems with a rate of approximately one out of 500 births.
T335 91486-91582 Sentence denotes This population is generally expected to have excellent medical outcome and typical development.
T336 91583-91821 Sentence denotes As part of a larger study examining mid-term neurodevelopmental outcome for children VSDs surgically repaired in infancy, visualmotor ability was assessed among 31 children ages 3 to 16 years with a commonly used graphomotor drawing task.
T337 91822-92048 Sentence denotes Whereas many areas of cognitive functioning, including full-scale IQ (M=95.6, SD=15.3, p=.12) were comparable to the general population (M= 100, SD=15), visual-motor ability was an area of weakness (M= 87.9, SD=14.2, p<.001) .
T338 92049-92198 Sentence denotes Additional results showed that household income and the presence of a comorbid medical condition were significant predictors of visual-motor ability.
T339 92199-92281 Sentence denotes Specifically, lower income was associated with lower visual-motor scores (p=.007).
T340 92282-92388 Sentence denotes The presence of a comorbid medical condition was also associated with lower visual-motor ability (p=.019).
T341 92389-92530 Sentence denotes Twenty-two additional patient and surgical factors were also examined, with no other variables statistically related to visual-motor ability.
T342 92531-92717 Sentence denotes This study shows that the weaknesses in visual-motor ability observed among children with more complex, cyanotic congenital heart disease are also found among children with repaired VSD.
T343 92718-92816 Sentence denotes Furthermore, surgical factors do not appear to affect visualmotor ability among children with VSD.
T344 92817-92988 Sentence denotes This research aimed to investigate aspects of body image, stress and what coping strategies are used by adolescents in a stressful situation that involves body discomfort.
T345 92989-93127 Sentence denotes A sample of 166 girls and 47 boys, aged 15-18 years, was recruited from public high schools in Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil.
T346 93128-93253 Sentence denotes The main outcome measures used were Figure Rating Scale, Lipp Stress Symptoms Inventory and The Ways of Coping Questionnaire.
T347 93254-93290 Sentence denotes Descriptive analyses were performed.
T348 93291-93388 Sentence denotes Correlational analyses tested the associations of body image, stress and coping with sex and BMI.
T349 93389-93469 Sentence denotes Logistic regression analyses were conducted for each of the 8 coping strategies.
T350 93470-93509 Sentence denotes The confidence intervals used were 95%.
T351 93510-93629 Sentence denotes The results revealed that both boys and girls were dissatisfied with their body size and the majority overestimated it.
T352 93630-93723 Sentence denotes The exception was the overweight adolescents that had significantly negative body distortion.
T353 93724-93768 Sentence denotes Girls showed more body distortion than boys.
T354 93769-93870 Sentence denotes The correlation between body dissatisfaction and body distortion was negative and moderate (r=− .65).
T355 93871-93960 Sentence denotes A large proportion (55,86%) of adolescents are found to have significant stress symptoms.
T356 93961-94047 Sentence denotes A greater proportion of females (61,40%) than males (36,20%) are found to have stress.
T357 94048-94326 Sentence denotes Adolescents with stress had more probability using confrontive coping (OR=3, 14) , distancing (OR=2,09), seeking social support (OR=3,33), self-controlling (OR=2,06), accepting responsibility (OR=4,40) and escape-avoidance (OR=3,17) in a situation that involves body discomfort.
T358 94327-94388 Sentence denotes Girls significantly employed more self-controlling than boys.
T359 94389-94482 Sentence denotes In conclusion, negative body image perception and stress were observed in the present sample.
T360 94483-94535 Sentence denotes Adolescents with stress used more coping strategies.
T361 94536-94606 Sentence denotes University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan and 2 Ibaraki University, Japan.
T362 94607-94615 Sentence denotes Purpose:
T363 94616-94853 Sentence denotes To clarify the efficacy of the revised life analytic counseling (LAC-R), a set of support skills that aims to teach students self health-care behaviors, on psychosomatic complaints and self-esteem in Japanese junior high school students.
T364 94854-94861 Sentence denotes Method:
T365 94862-95011 Sentence denotes A questionnaire was administered from September 2008 in October the first grade for the third grade of 30 public junior high schools in X Prefecture.
T366 95012-95114 Sentence denotes The school nurse teachers at each school requested the cooperation of classroom teachers in the study.
T367 95115-95191 Sentence denotes The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the classroom teachers.
T368 95192-95330 Sentence denotes The purpose of the study was explained orally at the time of questionnaire administration and informed consent was obtained from students.
T369 95331-95387 Sentence denotes LAC-R was then carried out for 3 months in 253 students.
T370 95388-95530 Sentence denotes After LAC-R, the same questionnaire was administered and the differences in student responses before and after the intervention were analyzed.
T371 95531-95701 Sentence denotes Using the psychosomatic complaint scale score as a dependent variable and grade level as an independent variable, ANOVA by time (pre-and post-intervention) was performed.
T372 95702-95710 Sentence denotes Results:
T373 95711-95759 Sentence denotes Data for 4367 boys and 4083 girls were analyzed.
T374 95760-95926 Sentence denotes Significant differences in psychosomatic complaints and selfesteem scale score were observed between boys and girls (p<.001) and among different grade levels(p<.001).
T375 95927-96037 Sentence denotes Moreover, for selfesteem scale score, the interaction between gender and grade level was significant (p=.003).
T376 96038-96128 Sentence denotes Girls reported more psychosomatic complaints than boys, particularly in the higher grades.
T377 96129-96251 Sentence denotes In addition, the self-esteem scale score for girls was lower than that for boys and decreased with increasing grade level.
T378 96252-96298 Sentence denotes LAC-R was completed by 114 boys and 139 girls.
T379 96299-96391 Sentence denotes In boys, self-esteem scale score increased after the LAC-R intervention (p=.041) Conclusion:
T380 96392-96470 Sentence denotes A 3-month LAC-R intervention increased self-esteem in junior high school boys.
T381 96471-96554 Sentence denotes Tottori University, Yonago City, Japan and 2 Tukuba University, Tukuba City, Japan.
T1 96555-96644 Sentence denotes This study used parent training (PT) for parents of children with Developmental Disorder.
T2 96645-96813 Sentence denotes The usefulness of PT was evaluated parent's general health questionnaire (GHQ30 Japanese version) and the number of tasks achieved by the parents at their home setting.
T3 96814-96868 Sentence denotes Total participants were 141 parents during five years.
T4 96869-96955 Sentence denotes Each children were diagnosed as autism, asperger syndrome, ADHD or mental retardation.
T5 96956-97205 Sentence denotes The five training components of the program were: lectures about behavior analytic theory, role playing, group discussion, homework and recording of behaviors about tasks, and feedback to parents from the training staff based on their recordkeeping.
T6 97206-97344 Sentence denotes We carried out a lecture of applied behavior analysis in the first half of the each session and carried out group work in the latter half.
T7 97345-97387 Sentence denotes The average scores of GHQ30 were improved.
T8 97388-97415 Sentence denotes The change was significant.
T9 97416-97517 Sentence denotes Regarding the behavioral modification of the children, 42.6-64.9% task achievement rate was obtained.
T10 97518-97680 Sentence denotes The recent increase in the numbers of NEET young people (not in education, employment or training) is socially anxious problem in the many countries of the world.
T11 97681-97808 Sentence denotes The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between career indecision and the factors of ego identity.
T12 97809-98209 Sentence denotes 4 types of mental situations (confusion, anxiety, hesitation and prudence) were constructed by the career indecision scales and 5 factors of adolescent sub-identity(group identity, individual identity, sex role identity, occupational identity and social identity) were constructed by the identity scales A questionnaire was administered to 408 university students, 182 males and 226 females in Japan.
T13 98210-98384 Sentence denotes The findings by using multiple regression analysis showed that the total of career indecision were greatly influenced by the achievement of total ego identity (R square,.51).
T14 98385-98493 Sentence denotes The confusion type of career indecision was closer relationship with the individual identity(β,−.352 p<.01).
T15 98494-98582 Sentence denotes The anxiety types of career indecision was related to sex role identity (β,−.312 p<.01).
T16 98583-98849 Sentence denotes The scales of occupational identity showed high relationship with total scores of the career indecision(β, −.402 p<.01) in male students, although the relationship between the occupational identity and the career indecision in female students was low(β,−.214 p<.01).
T17 98850-99021 Sentence denotes The joint graduate school in science of school education, Hyogo university of teacher education, Simokume, Kato, Japan and 2 Joetsu university of Education, Joetsu, Japan.
T18 99022-99228 Sentence denotes In this study, we examined the effectveness of independent and interdependent group contingency to apply to the academic performance of students with developmental disorders enrolled in high school classes.
T19 99229-99353 Sentence denotes In addition, the study also empirically addressed side effects with regard independent and interdependent group contingency.
T20 99354-99548 Sentence denotes As a result, the application of independent and interdependent group contingency was effective in the overall occurrence of academic performance, including students with developmental disorders.
T21 99549-99739 Sentence denotes On the other hand, when independent group contingency was applyed in writing test scene, some of students gave up the occurrence of academic behavior achieving the criteria to be reinforced.
T22 99740-99861 Sentence denotes In addition, in the group learning situation, many students were found sabotage behavior after they achieve the criteria.
T23 99862-99981 Sentence denotes We discussed the way of improbement on these issues and procedure to express positive side effect on group contingency.
T24 99982-100003 Sentence denotes CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
T25 100004-100377 Sentence denotes Kazusa Wakabayashi, master's degree, The joint graduate school in science of school education, Hyogo university of teacher education, Simokume, Kato, 6731494; j195175m@gmail.com PSW-173 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWICE-APPLICATION METHOD OF THE TREE-DRAWING TECHNIQUE AND EGO IDENTITY Sato Hideyuki, MD and Nagai Satoru, PhD Rissho University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
T26 100378-100530 Sentence denotes The tree-drawing technique is a projective technique that involves the drawing of a tree, and it is one of the most frequently used techniques in Japan.
T27 100531-100635 Sentence denotes One modified procedure of the technique is "the twice-application method" of the tree drawing technique.
T28 100636-100769 Sentence denotes The technique is administered by drawing a tree in the first picture and then immediately drawing a tree again in the second picture.
T29 100770-100977 Sentence denotes It has been demonstrated that through this technique the subject expresses their self-image in two different projection levels-"social attitude" in the first picture, and "internal self-image" in the second.
T30 100978-101054 Sentence denotes However, little recent studies have addressed the validity of the technique.
T31 101055-101200 Sentence denotes Therefore, the present study aims to examine the relationship between the twice-application method of the treedrawing technique and ego identity.
T32 101201-101355 Sentence denotes The participants were 277 university students who completed the twice-application method of the tree drawing technique and the ego identity status scales.
T33 101356-101541 Sentence denotes In the present study, we scored the forms of the tree trunk drawing because the relationship between the indices in that element of the drawing and ego status has already been examined.
T34 101542-101668 Sentence denotes The results of the ego identity status scales demonstrated that the subjects were distributed in identity statuses as follows:
T35 101669-101721 Sentence denotes 15 identity achievements and 46 identity diffusions.
T36 101722-101788 Sentence denotes The tree drawings of two groups were compared by chi-square tests.
T37 101789-102003 Sentence denotes As a result of chi-square tests, we observed that identityachieved individuals who drew a trunk at the center in the first picture with consecutive lines also drew a trunk of medium thickness in the second picture.
T38 102004-102243 Sentence denotes On the other hand, identitydiffused individuals who drew a trunk on the left side or the right side with a considerably wide trunk base in the first picture also drew a trunk with discontinuous lines and a thin trunk in the second picture.
T39 102244-102401 Sentence denotes These results reveal that the uncertainty and the conflicts of their self-images were expressed in the twiceapplication method of the tree drawing technique.
T40 102402-102569 Sentence denotes Adolescent smoking in China has become a major public health problem, with initiation rates on the rise, comparable to those in Western countries (Unger et al, 2001) .
T41 102570-102920 Sentence denotes While many studies have documented the associations between peer influences and smoking behaviors in the U.S. (Hoffman et al, 2006 ) and among Chinese adolescents (Weiss et al., 2008) fewer studies have shown how these influences occur in relation to one's popularity and social status as measured by an individual's position in their social network.
T42 102921-103049 Sentence denotes Furthermore, recent advances in social media channels now serve as an extension of one's social network and sphere of influence.
T43 103050-103172 Sentence denotes Online social network sites such as Facebook (QQ in China) and mobile phone text messaging are rapidly gaining popularity.
T44 103173-103279 Sentence denotes This study examines the interplay between these new media channels, peer influences, and smoking outcomes.
T45 103280-103420 Sentence denotes Data were collected from 5,563 students from 24 professional and vocational high schools in Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province, China.
T46 103421-103536 Sentence denotes Exploratory factor analysis of 12 Internet usage items revealed two types of online activity-social and non-social.
T47 103537-103679 Sentence denotes Students' social status was measured by the number of "wellliked" nominations from classmates and the outcome variable was past-month smoking.
T48 103680-103860 Sentence denotes Multilevel logistic models were constructed, controlling for school-level random effects and subject-level covariates such as age, gender, SES, friend smoking and friend media use.
T49 103861-104077 Sentence denotes Results indicated that social Internet activity (gaming, chatting) was a risk factor for smoking (p=.01), while non-social Internet activity (news, forums, homework) had a protective effect (p<.01) among adolescents.
T50 104078-104247 Sentence denotes High social status was positively associated with smoking (p<.01) and was found to significantly moderate the association between mobile phone usage and smoking (p=.04).
T51 104248-104468 Sentence denotes Findings suggest that media usage may have differential effects on risky adolescent behaviors, which may have implications for designing tailored Web or mobile phone-based applications for health promotion interventions.
T52 104469-104683 Sentence denotes Whereas race/ethnic disparities in health have been widely documented in pediatric populations, there is a dearth of information regarding disparities in quality of life (QOL) of children in the general population.
T53 104684-104804 Sentence denotes Reflecting the child's wellbeing across multiple domains, QOL captures well the broad meaning of health espoused by WHO.
T54 104805-104887 Sentence denotes This research therefore examined whether there are race/ethnic disparities in QOL.
T55 104888-105048 Sentence denotes A multi-site study enrolled 4,824 5th grade children from one of the three major race/ethnic groups in the U.S. (Hispanic=38%, African American=36%, White=26%).
T56 105049-105226 Sentence denotes Children reported their QOL with the PedsQL providing scores for their physical and psychosocial domains, as well as with instruments to measure selfworth and social well-being.
T57 105227-105328 Sentence denotes Parents rated children's overall health status and provided demographic information on the household.
T58 105329-105452 Sentence denotes Complex sampling analysis revealed non-White children reporting significantly lower QOL in all domains than White children.
T59 105453-105664 Sentence denotes However, after controlling for SES differences (parent's education, income), these race/ethnic disparities remained only in the domains of school, self-worth, satisfaction with appearance, and social well-being.
T60 105665-105824 Sentence denotes After also controlling for family contextual differences (family structure, English proficiency), disparities remained in the domain of social well-being only.
T61 105825-106005 Sentence denotes Findings suggest that disparities across race/ethnicity in children are, mainly, products of sociodemographic differences, rather than being endemic to minority race/ethnic groups.
T62 106006-106228 Sentence denotes As one of the first studies examining racial/ethnic disparities in QOL of children in the general population, this study provides a basis for further exploration of contextual influences on the QOL experienced by children.
T63 106229-106359 Sentence denotes Correspondence education was introduced into Japan from the United States in 1946, and many working young people used it to learn.
T64 106360-106665 Sentence denotes However, since many of the students today have mental or physical health problems, in this study we conducted a questionnaire survey by mail of 1984 students enrolled in correspondence high schools in two regions of Japan in order to determine the health status of the students and factors that affect it.
T65 106666-106713 Sentence denotes 1083 students out of 1452 students (reply rate:
T66 106714-106927 Sentence denotes 73.2%), who were included in the analysis, were between 15 and 29 years of age and were not being treated for any diseases and had replied to all of the items on a psychosomatic complaints scale (valid reply rate:
T67 106928-106935 Sentence denotes 54.6%).
T68 106936-107172 Sentence denotes The chi-square test was used to statistically analyze associations between psychosomatic complaints and both personal attributes and lifestyle habits according to gender, and the t-test was used for age and the self-esteem scale scores.
T69 107173-107288 Sentence denotes We identified items which has a significant difference, and then performed a multiple logistic regression analysis.
T70 107289-107627 Sentence denotes The results for factors that affected psychosomatic complaints among the males showed that low self-esteem (OR=0.90,95% CI=0.87-0.94,p<0.001), irregular or skipped breakfasts (OR= 1.91, p=0 .01), being a fussy eater (OR = 1.84,95%CI = 1.17-2.89,p = 0.008), and age (OR = 1.13,95% CI= 1.03-1.24,p=0.008) increased psychosomatic complaints.
T71 107628-107750 Sentence denotes Among the females, low self-esteem (OR=0.89,95%CI=0.86-0.92,p<0.001), poor health status during puberty (OR=2.93,95% CI=1.
T72 107751-107979 Sentence denotes 75-4.90,p<0 .001), being a fussy eater (OR=2.57, p<0.001) , and being a smoker (OR=1.95, p=0 .011) increased psychosomatic complaints. "Low self-esteem" and "being a fussy eater" increased psychosomatic complaints in both sexes.
T73 107980-108165 Sentence denotes Thus, we would like to make a program which allows correspondence high school students themselves to reconsider their diets by increasing their self-esteem for the future investigation.
T74 108166-108260 Sentence denotes BACKGROUND: US adolescent obesity increased from 5% to 18.1% between 1976-1980 and 2007-2008 .
T75 108261-108468 Sentence denotes In addition to health complications (e.g., type 2 diabetes), adolescents who are obese are at risk for developing negative body image which is related to depression and is a risk factor for eating pathology.
T76 108469-108645 Sentence denotes Having a supportive peer group is an essential part of healthy adolescent development, and for overweight adolescents, could be a protective factor against negative body image.
T77 108646-108654 Sentence denotes PURPOSE:
T78 108655-108761 Sentence denotes To examine whether the association between adolescent weight status and body image varies by peer support.
T79 108762-108770 Sentence denotes METHODS:
T80 108771-108970 Sentence denotes A US nationally-representative sample of 6,909 students in grades 6 -10 with over-sampling of African-American and Hispanic students completed the 2006 Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey.
T81 108971-109089 Sentence denotes Body image, was assessed with 5 items (α = .87) asking for agreement or disagreement with statements about one's body.
T82 109090-109232 Sentence denotes Weight status, determined from body mass index, was computed from selfreported height and weight and categorized using CDC 2000 growth charts.
T83 109233-109378 Sentence denotes Peer support was computed as the average of 8 items (α = .67) asking about interactions with peers; higher scores indicated greater peer support.
T84 109379-109557 Sentence denotes Linear regressions, separately by gender and controlling for age, race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status, were conducted with an interaction term (weight status x peer support).
T85 109558-109566 Sentence denotes RESULTS:
T86 109567-109647 Sentence denotes Adolescents' overweight status was related to poor body image in boys and girls.
T87 109648-109761 Sentence denotes However, peer support moderated the relationship between weight status and body image for girls but not for boys.
T88 109762-109941 Sentence denotes Overweight girls with higher peer support were more likely to have a positive body image (β=−0.69, p<0.000) compared to overweight girls with lower peer support (β=−.99, p<0.000).
T89 109942-110058 Sentence denotes Overweight boys had lower body image compared to their normal weight peers, regardless of the level of peer support.
T90 110059-110070 Sentence denotes CONCLUSION:
T91 110071-110185 Sentence denotes Encouraging adolescent girls to develop strong healthy relationships with peers may prevent a negative body image.
T92 110186-110341 Sentence denotes More research is needed to examine whether these findings vary by individual (e.g., race) or familial (e.g., presence of parental support) characteristics.
T93 110342-110363 Sentence denotes CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
T94 110364-110372 Sentence denotes Laura J.
T95 110373-110674 Sentence denotes Caccavale, BA, Prevention Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, Washington, DC, 20008; caccavalel@mail.nih.gov Few prospective studies about antibiotic use for mild acute respiratory infections (ARIs) have been conducted in community settings.
T96 110675-110857 Sentence denotes This paper aims to assess knowledge of child-caregivers and actual antibiotic use for children under five, and to identify associated factors with antibiotic treatment for mild ARIs.
T97 110858-111087 Sentence denotes Caregivers in 828 households in Bavi, Vietnam were interviewed using a structured questionnaire regarding the case management of childhood ARI and the selected children's most recent illness assessing both knowledge and practice.
T98 111088-111187 Sentence denotes Then 823 children were followed for 28 days to collect information regarding symptoms and drug use.
T99 111188-111301 Sentence denotes For management of non-febrile common colds, 85% of caregivers stated correctly that antibiotics are not required.
T100 111302-111395 Sentence denotes For febrile colds and pneumonia, 45% and 47% of cases respectively would require antibiotics.
T101 111396-111510 Sentence denotes Only 13% demonstrated correct, in accordance with standard guidelines, overall knowledge for all three situations.
T102 111511-111644 Sentence denotes The symptoms of the most recent illness were consistent with mild ARI in 79% of the cases, and antibiotics were used in 71% of these.
T103 111645-111714 Sentence denotes During the 28-day period, 62% of children had been given antibiotics.
T104 111715-111783 Sentence denotes Out of all antibiotic courses recorded, 63% were used for mild ARIs.
T105 111784-111904 Sentence denotes Half of the mild ARI episodes (528/1048) and 63% of the children with mild ARIs (392/623) were treated with antibiotics.
T106 111905-111996 Sentence denotes Most of the unnecessary antibiotic treatment was recommended by healthcare providers (82%).
T107 111997-112138 Sentence denotes Most of the children had been administered antibiotics for common colds although most caregivers believed that antibiotics were not required.
T108 112139-112215 Sentence denotes Antibiotics were unnecessarily recommended at health facilities in the area.
T109 112216-112227 Sentence denotes BACKGROUND:
T110 112228-112389 Sentence denotes The benefits of physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents are numerous and include reduced risk for coronary heart disease, and improved mental health.
T111 112390-112497 Sentence denotes Physical activity habits that are established during adolescence are likely to be sustained into adulthood.
T112 112498-112663 Sentence denotes However, the prevalence of PA among adolescents is low, and even lower among overweight/obese (OT) adolescents, who are most in need of the benefits conferred by PA.
T113 112664-112830 Sentence denotes Body image may mediate this relationship; overweight/obese adolescents are more likely to suffer from poor body image, which could be linked to less engagement in PA.
T114 112831-112839 Sentence denotes PURPOSE:
T115 112840-112965 Sentence denotes To examine the hypothesis that poor body image mediates the relationship between overweight/obesity and PA among adolescents.
T116 112966-112974 Sentence denotes METHODS:
T117 112975-113136 Sentence denotes Data are from the 2006 Health Behaviors in School-Age Children survey, a nationally representative sample of students in grades 6-10 during the 2006 school-year.
T118 113137-113282 Sentence denotes Physical activity was measured by a question asking about the number of days respondents engaged in at least 60 minutes of PA over the last week.
T119 113283-113395 Sentence denotes Body image was assessed with 5 items (α=.87) asking for agreement/disagreement with statements about one's body.
T120 113396-113539 Sentence denotes Weight status, determined from body mass index, was computed from self-reported height and weight and categorized using CDC 2000 growth charts.
T121 113540-113731 Sentence denotes Mediation analysis, stratified on gender and controlling for age, race/ethnicity and SES, was performed to determine whether body image mediated the relationship between weight status and PA.
T122 113732-113740 Sentence denotes RESULTS:
T123 113741-113903 Sentence denotes Overweight was negatively associated with physical activity only among boys whereas obesity was negatively associated with physical activity among boys and girls.
T124 113904-114078 Sentence denotes Body image was a complete mediator of the association between weight status and PA among girls, and a partial mediator of the association of weight status with PA among boys.
T125 114079-114091 Sentence denotes CONCLUSIONS:
T126 114092-114240 Sentence denotes Mediation analyses demonstrate that body image is a significant mediator of the relationship between overweight/obesity and PA among boys and girls.
T127 114241-114357 Sentence denotes Encouraging overweight and obese adolescents to develop positive body images may result in greater engagement in PA.
T128 114358-114409 Sentence denotes Many children experience compromised health status.
T129 114410-114557 Sentence denotes Most obvious are chronic health conditions (CHC), but the majority of children only experience temporary health problems (e.g., infection, injury).
T130 114558-114639 Sentence denotes How do these variations in health status affect quality of life (QL) in children?
T131 114640-114707 Sentence denotes QL reflects the child's overall well-being across multiple domains.
T132 114708-114922 Sentence denotes There has been no study examining the relationship between compromised health and QL in children in the general population who do not have a CHC, nor do we know how such variation interacts with race/ethnic status.
T133 114923-115143 Sentence denotes Our hypotheses are that (1) variation in health status is positively associated with QL regardless of the presence of CHC and (2) Whites report higher QL than African Americans and Hispanics, regardless of health status.
T134 115144-115304 Sentence denotes A multi-site study enrolled 4,824 5th grade children from one of the three major race/ethnic groups in the U.S. (Hispanic=38%, African American=36%, White=26%).
T135 115305-115479 Sentence denotes Children reported their QL with the PedsQL providing scores for their physical and psychosocial domains, as well as on instruments to measure selfworth and social well-being.
T136 115480-115739 Sentence denotes Parents rated their 5th graders' overall health status on the commonly used single item "In general, would you say your child's health is . . . (Excellent/Very Good/Good/Fair/Poor)?"and completed a screener, from which chronic health condition was classified.
T137 115740-115881 Sentence denotes Results showed there was a reduction in each QL domain associated with each decrement in overall health status, even in the absence of a CHC.
T138 115882-116026 Sentence denotes Moreover, African Americans and Hispanics report a lower QL than Whites, when in excellent health as well as at each decrement in health status.
T139 116027-116235 Sentence denotes This demonstrates for the first time that even minor decrements in health status are associated with concomitant reduction in QL, not only in the physical domain, but also in the emotional and social domains.
T140 116236-116469 Sentence denotes Several researchers have found that teenage pregnancy is associated with worst educational outcomes among adolescents and that girls who have a child early in life, are less likely to graduate from high school (Molina et al., 2004) .
T141 116470-116585 Sentence denotes Other researchers have proposed that educational expectations do actually predict educational outcomes among youth.
T142 116586-116722 Sentence denotes They have found that having higher educational expectations is associated with higher educational outcomes later in life (Mello, 2008) .
T143 116723-116858 Sentence denotes However, researchers have not examined how educational expectations may be associated with adolescents' self-reported sexual behaviors.
T144 116859-117131 Sentence denotes Some researchers suggest that there might be a self-selection process in which adolescents who do worst in school and do not have plans to continue further in their education may also engage in unprotected sexual behavior, putting them at higher risk of becoming pregnant.
T145 117132-117297 Sentence denotes In the present study we examined the relationship between educational expectations and goals and different sexual behavior outcomes in a sample of 829 Mexican youth.
T146 117298-117450 Sentence denotes Participants included 829 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 17 (mean 15.18, S.D.=0.68, 55,4% females) part of an HIV and STDs intervention program.
T147 117451-117498 Sentence denotes We examine this relationship using time 1 data.
T148 117499-117656 Sentence denotes Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire that asked about their sexual behavior and explore different psychosocial predictors of sexual behavior.
T149 117657-117972 Sentence denotes Using a regression analyses we examined whether having plans to complete high school and continue their education predicted ever had sex, age in which girls and boys should have sex for the first time, plans to use condoms when having sex, and perceive that condoms may be effective to protect them of STDs and HIV.
T150 117973-118159 Sentence denotes Our findings suggest that plans to finish high school predicts only perceptions that condoms may be effective to protect against HIV (t=2,06, p< 0.05), and not any of the other outcomes.
T151 118160-118300 Sentence denotes Because we had very few participants who reported ever having sex (9,5%), we probably did not have enough power to find further differences.
T152 118301-118564 Sentence denotes We explored how these variables may predict their sexual behavior at the 12 months follow-up, when 16% of participants reported ever having sex, and we found that having plans to attend college predicted not having sex among adolescents (Exp (B) = 0.358, p<0.01).
T153 118565-118640 Sentence denotes Implications of these findings for intervention and practice are discussed.
T154 118641-118650 Sentence denotes Purposes:
T155 118651-118862 Sentence denotes Although many reports have suggested a role for the social skill in the treatment of depression, there has been little evidence that the social skill training is effective therapeutic strategies for treating it.
T156 118863-118963 Sentence denotes The activation level are thought to be an important mediator of the social skill and the depression.
T157 118964-119154 Sentence denotes Obata et al. (2010) found that the difficulty in the control of social anxiety lead to the inhibition of social activity and the increase of depressive mood in Japanese high school students.
T158 119155-119351 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that the mechanism for exacerbation of depression may be explained by the behavioral activation and social skill, and these relationships differed with the level of social anxiety.
T159 119352-119359 Sentence denotes Method:
T160 119360-119437 Sentence denotes Questionnaires were conducted with 347 Japanese adolescents (16.0±0.6 years).
T161 119438-119694 Sentence denotes Questionnaires were composed of Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRS; Birleson, 1981) , Assertiveness Skill Scale for High school students (ASS; Takaki et al., 2002) , and Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS; Martell et al., 2001) .
T162 119695-119819 Sentence denotes Higher score group (n=50) and lower score group (n=50) were extracted in subjects on "social anxiety(reverse coded)" in ASS.
T163 119820-119978 Sentence denotes Data analyses were tested using correlation analysis to examine relationship of between depression , social skill, and behavioral activation, using SPSS 16.0.
T164 119979-120171 Sentence denotes Main Results: "Activation (reverse coded)" in BADS was significantly associated with "positive interpersonal entry" in ASS(higher score group: r=−.37, p<.01; lower score group: r=−.26, .n.s.).
T165 120172-120183 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T166 120184-120307 Sentence denotes These results suggest that the control of social anxiety is an important procedure for behavioral activation on depression.
T167 120308-120439 Sentence denotes Many people think that the children are not stress, in fact they can stress as the adult but their parent cannot notice or skip it.
T168 120440-120681 Sentence denotes The objective is to study the association between state anxiety with emotional quotient and strength and difficulty of the secondary school student who also study in Sunday Buddhism and do not study by controlling some potential confounding.
T169 120682-120784 Sentence denotes The self-report questionnaire was distribution to both type of schools to student age 11-16 years old.
T170 120785-120940 Sentence denotes The tools of this study are Thai version of state-trait anxiety of Spielberger's; the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ); emotional quotient (EQ).
T171 120941-121037 Sentence denotes The regression model used for analyzing and the data are centered to reduce the scaling problem.
T172 121038-121183 Sentence denotes The 303 completed answer questionnaire was returned, the incomplete questionnaire was excluded from the study to reduce the effect of imputation.
T173 121184-121313 Sentence denotes Mean age of sample is 13.5 years old, 42.24% is male, and 48.51% reported that they are also study in the Sunday Buddhism School.
T174 121314-121555 Sentence denotes The model by stepwise selection presents that trait anxiety, pro-social, selfcontrol, ability to deal with problem, self-esteem, life-satisfaction and interaction between age and emotional problem, the adjusted R2 is 60.55% (p-value<0.0001).
T175 121556-121826 Sentence denotes The increasing one unit of trait anxiety, self-control, self-esteem and life-satisfaction increases 0.52, 0.10, 0.11 and 0.13 standardize unit of state anxiety, the higher standardize score of ability to deal with problem decrease 0.07 standardize unit of state anxiety.
T176 121827-121910 Sentence denotes The interaction of emotional and age reduce the standardize score of state anxiety.
T177 121911-122054 Sentence denotes The higher emotional problem score increased 0.27 standardize unit of state anxiety while age reduce 0.01 unit of state anxiety (p-value<0.05).
T178 122055-122302 Sentence denotes The gender and Sunday Buddhism school included into the model to control potential confounding factor, female has higher state anxiety score than male, the student in Sunday Buddhism School have lower state anxiety than non-student (p-value>0.05).
T179 122303-122488 Sentence denotes The student with high score of self-control, self-esteem and lifesatisfaction have higher level of state anxiety which may cause from they are try to be the best which make them stress.
T180 122489-122641 Sentence denotes The ability to deal with the problem can reduce state anxiety, the higher age (more maturity) reduce emotional problem and finally reduce state anxiety.
T181 122642-122714 Sentence denotes The student who is good in some dimension of EQ may cause state anxiety.
T182 122715-123134 Sentence denotes The mobilization of significant resources for global health coincides with the emergence of Global Health Initiatives (GHIs) and the rising importance of multilateral and private actors in global health; traditional actors in global health, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), have been joined by a variety of civil society and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), private firms, and private philanthropists.
T183 123135-123432 Sentence denotes These new actors, which exist alongside traditional arrangements between sovereign states and UN bodies, signal a sea change in the institutional arrangements in global health as well as a change in the norms, expectations and rules relating to the relationships between these new philanthropists.
T184 123433-123592 Sentence denotes It has become clear, however, that the new institutions in global health have often failed to adequately evaluate their investments and program implementation.
T185 123593-123793 Sentence denotes With such enormous investments, it is critical to better understand these new institutions, evaluate their strategies to promote global health and document the successes and failures of these efforts.
T186 123794-123998 Sentence denotes We propose that rigorous qualitative research methodologies can explore and describe how global health actors and their associated mechanisms interact with complex health systems to yield optimal Results:
T187 123999-124254 Sentence denotes Qualitative methods, particularly case research, can overcome the three main weaknesses of quantitatively-oriented public health research models: underestimating complexity, failing to incorporate context and an inability to engage in the "why" questions.
T188 124255-124429 Sentence denotes Qualitative methods can better evaluate if the activities funded by new global health actors are best aligned to meet the objective of delivering high value care to patients.
T189 124430-124678 Sentence denotes Global health institutions can use this insight to bridge the knowledge-action gap in global health care delivery by translating the current understanding of medical interventions and health systems into evidence-based strategies for care delivery.
T190 124679-124700 Sentence denotes CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
T191 124701-124958 Sentence denotes Erin Sullivan, PhD, Global Health Delivery Project, Harvard University, Boston, MA, Ma; esulliva@hsph.harvard.edu tend to make more errors than others even within the exact same work environment, measures that consider individual characteristics are needed.
T192 124959-125066 Sentence denotes This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between medical errors and the personality traits of nurses.
T193 125067-125172 Sentence denotes We reported on this relationship before; this time, we studied a bigger sample size for greater accuracy.
T194 125173-125181 Sentence denotes Methods:
T195 125182-125396 Sentence denotes Medical errors and near-misses that had occurred in actual medical settings were analyzed, and "administration," which is one of the most common components of a nurse's job, was selected as the theme of this study.
T196 125397-125697 Sentence denotes For this study, simulation software was developed that enabled nurses to experience all the human errors that could possibly occur in various settings under the broad category of "administration." The software was used to understand the reasons behind the subjects' tendency to commit medical errors.
T197 125698-125831 Sentence denotes Furthermore, the Kretschmer Type Personality Inventory was administered to the nurses in order to determine their personality traits.
T198 125832-125898 Sentence denotes This study was approved by the ethics committee of our university.
T199 125899-125923 Sentence denotes Results and Conclusions:
T200 125924-126161 Sentence denotes A relationship was found between the nurses' tendency to commit medical errors and their personality traits (self-repression, self-disclosure, steady-going nature, sensitive nature, unshakable belief, etc.) with a sufficient sample size.
T201 126162-126275 Sentence denotes Clarifying the relationship between the personality traits of nurses and human errors may be useful for training.
T202 126276-126462 Sentence denotes Also, this approach may help to prevent human errors by enabling the nurses themselves to become conscious of their actions and objectively aware of their own individual characteristics.
T203 126463-126484 Sentence denotes CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
T204 126485-126593 Sentence denotes Mayo Suzuki, PhD, Bunri University of Hospitality, Sayama-shi, 350-1336; mayo-suzuki@ bunri-c.ac.jp Purpose:
T205 126594-126718 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationships between human errors and the job performance capability of nurses.
T206 126719-126727 Sentence denotes Methods:
T207 126728-126795 Sentence denotes The subjects were all of the newly hired nurses of five facilities.
T208 126796-126873 Sentence denotes A simulated case experience software and the Uchida-Kraepelin Test were used.
T209 126874-127017 Sentence denotes For data analysis, the subjects were separated into the groups based on the judgment results of their performance on the Uchida-Kraepelin Test.
T210 127018-127109 Sentence denotes The groups were then analyzed for differences in software scoring and correct answer ratio.
T211 127110-127160 Sentence denotes In the analysis, SPSS 12.0 J for Windows was used.
T212 127161-127238 Sentence denotes This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kyoto University.
T213 127239-127247 Sentence denotes Results:
T214 127248-127289 Sentence denotes The analysis subjects numbered 65 people.
T215 127290-127319 Sentence denotes The average age was 24.9±4.7.
T216 127320-127350 Sentence denotes There were 58 females (89.2%).
T217 127351-127440 Sentence denotes Membership alignment in the groups via the Uchida-Kraepelin Test results were as follows:
T218 127441-127749 Sentence denotes 72.3% for the typical group; 35.4%, 58.5%, and 55.4% respectively for the groups with no problems in movability, changeability, and durability; 72.3% for the group sufficient in efficiency and speed of work; and 67.7% for the group with no problem in degree of balancing in terms of temperament and behavior.
T219 127750-127864 Sentence denotes The software scoring average was 64.3±29.7 points, and the correct answer ratio for each error was 36.9% to 83.1%.
T220 127865-128076 Sentence denotes For nurses grouped in the job performance characteristic types of atypical nurses and nurses with problems in degree of balancing in terms of temperament and behavior, the software scoring was significantly low.
T221 128077-128349 Sentence denotes Also, the correct answer ratio for each error was significantly low for nurses grouped in the job performance characteristic types of atypical nurses, nurses with problems in degree of balancing in terms of temperament and behavior, and nurses with problems in durability.
T222 128350-128361 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T223 128362-128610 Sentence denotes Subjects possessing the job performance characteristics of "atypical type" and "problems in degree of balancing in terms of temperament and behavior" had significantly lower scores of the software than subjects not possessing these characteristics.
T224 128611-128705 Sentence denotes Childhood obesity has rapidly become an epidemic in developed countries globally (WHO, 2000) .
T225 128706-128832 Sentence denotes The development of effective treatment initiatives aimed to help obese youth adopt and maintain healthy lifestyles is prudent.
T226 128833-128976 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise intensity on obese adolescents' enjoyment, satisfaction and program adherence.
T227 128977-129182 Sentence denotes Thirty obese adolescents (female=20, BMI≥95th percentile; 10-16 years of age) were randomly assigned to either a moderate (HRR=40-55%) or vigorous (HRR=60-75%) supervised 12-week exercise training program.
T228 129183-129309 Sentence denotes Satisfaction was measured through self-reported questionnaires assessing satisfaction with outcome progress and current state.
T229 129310-129374 Sentence denotes Enjoyment was measured using the PACES selfreport questionnaire.
T230 129375-129435 Sentence denotes Adherence was assessed as a percentage of sessions attended.
T231 129436-129529 Sentence denotes Repeated measures ANOVAs showed no significant time x group interaction effects (all ps>.05).
T232 129530-129780 Sentence denotes Significant time effects in the expected direction were found for satisfaction with outcome progress (F(1, 26) = 17.62, η2=.40, p<.001), satisfaction with current state (F(1, 26) = 5.97, η2=.18, p<.05) and enjoyment (F(1, 26) = 9.4, η2=.27, p<.005) .
T233 129781-129895 Sentence denotes No adherence differences were found between intensity groups (M for vigorous=86%, SD=.09; M moderate=85%, SD=.14).
T234 129896-130003 Sentence denotes These data indicate that exercise intensity does not adversely affect satisfaction, enjoyment or adherence.
T235 130004-130063 Sentence denotes Practical implications of these findings will be discussed.
T236 130064-130124 Sentence denotes Proper nutrition is the foundation for athletic performance.
T237 130125-130276 Sentence denotes This session introduces a theory based multi-level intervention spanning a convenience sample of 16 sports (n=250 athletes) at a Midwestern University.
T238 130277-130396 Sentence denotes This program provides athletes and staff education about sport-related nutritional issues for performance and recovery.
T239 130397-130501 Sentence denotes Emphasis of this program is placed on choosing healthy foods and making positive behavior modifications.
T240 130502-130564 Sentence denotes Several methods of data collection were used for this project.
T241 130565-130826 Sentence denotes All athletes were given a validated knowledge and dietary practices survey that was based on the health belief model, the EAT 26 survey which screens for disordered eating behaviors was distributed, and body composition was also determined using a Tanita scale.
T242 130827-130863 Sentence denotes All data was entered into SPSS 16.0.
T243 130864-130940 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis was conducted using t-tests and descriptive statistics.
T244 130941-131048 Sentence denotes Changes in baseline knowledge, dietary practices, and body composition data will be reported and discussed.
T245 131049-131183 Sentence denotes Formative evaluation which includes adherence to program guidelines and recommendations for program improvement will also be reported.
T246 131184-131390 Sentence denotes Based on the data and information collected Project Ignite shows substantial promise as a model program for improving collegiate athlete dietary practices and knowledge about sport nutrition related issues.
T247 131391-131412 Sentence denotes CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
T248 131413-131510 Sentence denotes Amy Thompson, PhD, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606; amy.thompson4@utoledo.edu Background:
T249 131511-131628 Sentence denotes Lifestyles that are associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) are affected by individual health locus of control (HLC).
T250 131629-131639 Sentence denotes Objective:
T251 131640-131708 Sentence denotes Association between HLC and the characteristics of MS were examined.
T252 131709-131730 Sentence denotes Subjects and methods:
T253 131731-131787 Sentence denotes Subjects were 200 people who underwent medical checkups.
T254 131788-131933 Sentence denotes HLC was measured with 11 questions and subjects were asked about their motivation to improve lifestyle and the desire to receive health guidance.
T255 131934-132076 Sentence denotes The MS components (i.e., blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were measured.
T256 132077-132163 Sentence denotes The subjects were graded into 4 levels by the number of MS components (i.e.,0,1,2,3>).
T257 132164-132225 Sentence denotes We reviewed the association between the levels of MS and HLC.
T258 132226-132233 Sentence denotes Result:
T259 132234-132304 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences in HLC between the levels of MS.
T260 132305-132459 Sentence denotes In response to the item "I become sick because of luck of appropriate physical activity or diet", Level "3>" showed the highest tendency toward internals.
T261 132460-132576 Sentence denotes In response to the item "I think I have reasons to be sick", Level "0" showed the highest tendency toward internals.
T262 132577-132709 Sentence denotes Level "0" was significantly less willing to receive health guidance and had lower motivation to improve lifestyle than other levels.
T263 132710-132804 Sentence denotes Among females, the higher the MS level was, the stronger the motivation to improve lifestyles.
T264 132805-132855 Sentence denotes Among males, Level "2" had the highest motivation.
T265 132856-132867 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T266 132868-133012 Sentence denotes Those with Level "0" appear to make decisions themselves and they do not need to improve their lifestyles because they have no components of MS.
T267 133013-133122 Sentence denotes However, our research showed that they have high awareness of not only preventing MS but also overall health.
T268 133123-133246 Sentence denotes It is a problem that male with Level "3>" had lower motivation to improve lifestyle, possibly due to resignation or denial.
T269 133247-133389 Sentence denotes We should raise awareness of overall health for the prevention of MS onset and encourage people who already have MS to make lifestyle changes.
T270 133390-133403 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T271 133404-133498 Sentence denotes In Finland, all men are liable to military service and over 80% of each age group complete it.
T272 133499-133634 Sentence denotes Main meals complying nutrition recommendations of the Defence Forces are served but snacks are available for purchase during free time.
T273 133635-133802 Sentence denotes Research on conscripts' eating habits is limited, suggesting they favor energydense and nutrient-poor foods such as fast food, pastries, soft drinks and confectionery.
T274 133803-133807 Sentence denotes Aim:
T275 133808-133878 Sentence denotes To study conscripts' eating habits before and during military service.
T276 133879-133901 Sentence denotes Materials and Methods:
T277 133902-134170 Sentence denotes In 2007, data on eating habits of 290 17-21-year old men were collected by self-administrated questionnaire at two garrisons (in the south and in the north) and at two arrivals (winter, summer) 1 month prior to beginning of military service and at 6 months of service.
T278 134171-134242 Sentence denotes Three indexes were formed to describe main dimensions of eating habits:
T279 134243-134301 Sentence denotes Fibre Index (FibI), Sugar Index (SI) and Fat Index (FatI).
T280 134302-134310 Sentence denotes Results:
T281 134311-134435 Sentence denotes At six months of service, the weekly consumption frequencies of rye bread (p=0.02) and fruit and berries (p=0.05) increased.
T282 134436-134498 Sentence denotes This explained the increase in FibI (change 0.65±5.1, p=0.03).
T283 134499-134606 Sentence denotes Weekly consumption frequencies of French fries (p= 0.001) and hamburgers and hot dogs (pp=0.005) decreased.
T284 134607-134677 Sentence denotes However, this did not result in a significant temporal change in FatI.
T285 134678-134806 Sentence denotes Finally, weekly consumptions of sweet pastries (p=0.002), desserts (p<0.001), sweets (p<0.001) and chocolate (p=0.01) increased.
T286 134807-134879 Sentence denotes This resulted in a significant increase in SI (change 2.0±4.8, p<0.001).
T287 134880-135024 Sentence denotes This change was greater (p<0.001) from summer to winter compared to winter from summer, and also higher (p=0.02) in the south than in the north.
T288 135025-135037 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T289 135038-135146 Sentence denotes These results indicate that during military service men prefer eating both fibre and sugar containing foods.
T290 135147-135203 Sentence denotes This may be due to an overall increase in energy intake.
T291 135204-135334 Sentence denotes Still, the increase of sugary foods offers an opportunity to intervene also as seasonal and regional differences exist. treatment.
T292 135335-135432 Sentence denotes Although 15 % showed negative attitudes to the treatment, their BMI and weight were reduced also.
T293 135433-135444 Sentence denotes CONCLUSION:
T294 135445-135638 Sentence denotes The cognitive-behavioral group therapy seems to be an adequate strategy to modify irrationals believes and eating behavior, which could derive in an excessive caloric intake and sedentary life.
T295 135639-135870 Sentence denotes Research suggests that athletes do not have a higher prevalence of disordered eating behaviors compared to the general population however, their risk of sport related injury is increased when poor nutritional behaviors are present.
T296 135871-136058 Sentence denotes Project Ignite is a nutrition education program designed to educate 250 collegiate athletes about eating for sport performance and avoiding injury associated with poor nutritional intake.
T297 136059-136206 Sentence denotes Additionally, data such as body mass index, body-fat (measured with a Tanita scale), and knowledge and perceptions of sport nutrition was measured.
T298 136207-136332 Sentence denotes All participants of this program completed the EAT 26 survey which has been found to be valid in measuring disordered eating.
T299 136333-136425 Sentence denotes This presentation will outline 3 case studies of collegiate athletes with disordered eating.
T300 136426-136498 Sentence denotes For confidentiality reasons all names of participants have been changed.
T301 136499-136645 Sentence denotes Case studies will include 2 athletes with extremely low body-fat (4% for female; 2% male) and 1 athlete with extremely high body-fat (50% female).
T302 136646-136824 Sentence denotes These case examples will discuss the need for health and nutrition policies that guide student-athlete participation in their respective sports when disordered eating is present.
T303 136825-136964 Sentence denotes Moreover, there is a need for health education regarding proper nutrition for the athlete, coaches, team physicians, and athletic trainers.
T304 136965-137201 Sentence denotes Further, many universities do not have polices that mandate when a collegiate athlete should be evaluated to determine the extent of any existing disordered eating behaviors or health conditions associated with their nutritional intake.
T305 137202-137354 Sentence denotes When it is determined that an athlete has disordered eating behaviors or health risks there should be policies in place to determine player eligibility.
T306 137355-137579 Sentence denotes The Live Healthy Work Well (LHWW) project examines whether access to life coaches, pharmacists, and other supports can improve health and prevent the loss of employment and independence due to diabetes-related complications.
T307 137580-137682 Sentence denotes This poster summarizes treatment participant (n=128) usage and perceptions of intervention components.
T308 137683-137802 Sentence denotes Data sources include: enrollment survey, service utilization records, satisfaction surveys, and voluntary focus groups.
T309 137803-137931 Sentence denotes Six months into a one-year intervention period, 119 (93%) participants met with a life coach and 98 (77%) met with a pharmacist.
T310 137932-138051 Sentence denotes Participants (n=97) responded to a survey assessing satisfaction and perceived effectiveness of the intervention model.
T311 138052-138160 Sentence denotes Participants expressed satisfaction with life coaching and 91% (n= 68) of life coach comments were positive.
T312 138161-138232 Sentence denotes Of pharmacist comments, 52% (n=66) were positive and 29% were negative.
T313 138233-138507 Sentence denotes A second survey revealed that 85% (n=66) agreed/strongly agreed that coaching helped improve health, employment, and other areas of life; 75% agreed that goal setting helped them make positive changes and to continue to set goals; and 94% would recommend coaching to others.
T314 138508-138745 Sentence denotes Sixty-eight percent (n=65) agreed/strongly agreed that pharmacists helped them find solutions to diabetesrelated problems and 69% agreed that sessions with a pharmacist were beneficial and would recommend pharmacist counseling to others.
T315 138746-138886 Sentence denotes Treatment participants (n=47) attended voluntary focus groups which were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded to identify emergent themes.
T316 138887-138976 Sentence denotes Participants were satisfied with support, scheduling, and goal setting with life coaches.
T317 138977-139111 Sentence denotes Participants suggested that LHWW provide individualized approaches to pharmacist counseling, social supports and coordinated services.
T318 139112-139225 Sentence denotes Scheduling with pharmacists and additional service providers was perceived as a barrier to program participation.
T319 139226-139591 Sentence denotes Findings can be used to guide the development of future programs and health initiatives for employed adults with diabetes and results may be generalizable to employed diabetics across a range of ethnic groups including Asian and Pacific Islanders. measures 3 aspects of eating behavior, cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE), and emotional eating (EE).
T320 139592-139602 Sentence denotes Objective:
T321 139603-139664 Sentence denotes To identify psychological factors that predict weight regain.
T322 139665-139673 Sentence denotes Methods:
T323 139674-139853 Sentence denotes Observation study after an intervention in which 32 obese female (mean age; 50±8 years) lost weight during an 8-week weight loss intervention program and were followed for a year.
T324 139854-140161 Sentence denotes TFEQ-R18 was measured by dieticians 3 times at baseline and 8 weeks during the program and at 1 year after the program that included use of meal replacement drinks (diet's; SUNTORY WELLNESS LTD.) under the guidance of dieticians and counseling sessions by dieticians focused on skills of coping with hunger.
T325 140162-140481 Sentence denotes Enrollment at Kyoto Medical Center occurred November, 2006 and intervention, January, 2007 Previous research has established demographic differences in metabolic control and chronic disease complications, yet few studies have examined differential demographic effects on psychosocial and disease care correlates of A1c.
T326 140482-140661 Sentence denotes Group comparisons and regression analyses were conducted to investigate demographic differences in biological, psychosocial and disease care factors in youth with type 1 diabetes.
T327 140662-140854 Sentence denotes Participants included 349 youth, aged 9 -17 years (79.9% Caucasian, 71.3% lived with two biological parents, M SES=46.24), recruited from endocrinology clinics in two major metropolitan areas.
T328 140855-141040 Sentence denotes The 24-Hour Diabetes Care Interview was administered to assess specific disease care behaviors and a test of diabetes knowledge was used to measure parent and child disease information.
T329 141041-141238 Sentence denotes Independent sample t-tests confirmed commonly reported ethnic differences in A1c, where African American youth had significantly higher A1c levels (M=8.84%) compared with Caucasian youth (M=8.25%).
T330 141239-141441 Sentence denotes African American youth reported poorer disease care behaviors including fewer intensive insulin regimens, less frequent blood glucose monitoring and poorer dietary composition of carbohydrates and fats.
T331 141442-141559 Sentence denotes Additionally, African American youth and parents had lower disease knowledge scores than Caucasian youth and parents.
T332 141560-141779 Sentence denotes However, hierarchical multiple regression analyses that controlled for confounding influences of SES and parent marital status revealed most disease care differences attributed to ethnicity were better explained by SES.
T333 141780-142051 Sentence denotes The only significant ethnic group difference that remained was a difference in diabetes knowledge; ethnicity explained an additional 8.3% variance and emerged as a significant predictor of diabetes knowledge (β=−.308, p<.001) after controlling for SES and marital status.
T334 142052-142270 Sentence denotes Results may inform future interventions for youth at risk of poor metabolic control; lower SES families may benefit from careful attention to diabetes knowledge to facilitate successful implementation of diabetes care.
T335 142271-142436 Sentence denotes This study examined the relation between abnormal eating behavior, body mass index (BMI), and body image dissatisfaction in 554 female university students (Mean age:
T336 142437-142447 Sentence denotes 19.22, SD:
T337 142448-142454 Sentence denotes 1.01).
T338 142455-142646 Sentence denotes Measures included demographic data, the Body Image Dissatisfaction Scale (BIDS) (Yamatsuta & Nomura, 2007) , and the Abnormal Eating Behavior Scale (AEBS) (Yamatsuta, Nakai, & Nomura, 2009) .
T339 142647-142702 Sentence denotes BIDS measures the degree of body image dissatisfaction.
T340 142703-143158 Sentence denotes It contains three lower-rank factors (divided into high and low groups on the basis of one's mean factor score) including "dissatisfaction with body plumpness," "dissatisfaction with other people's opinions of one's own body," and "dissatisfaction with one's own face." AEBS comprises three lower-rank factors including "uncontrollable intake of excessive food," (e.g., binge eating) "purging behavior," and "control of food intake" (e.g., diet behavior).
T341 143159-143349 Sentence denotes According to the BMI classification, based on that of the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity (1994), 102 subjects (18.41%) were thin, 406 (73.29%) were normal, and 46 (8.30%) were obese.
T342 143350-143530 Sentence denotes First, we examined the relation between the BMI and the BIDS and AEBS factor scores; a single-factor analysis of variance of factor scores was conducted on each BMI classification.
T343 143531-143794 Sentence denotes The results showed a significant main effect of BMI's class in all the factor scores excluding the "uncontrollable intake of excessive food" and "purging behavior" factor scores, and we can infer that the latter two factors have little relation to the BMI levels.
T344 143795-143911 Sentence denotes Thus, abnormal eating behavior that resembles an eating disorder might have little relation to the actual body type.
T345 143912-144147 Sentence denotes Second, we examined the relation between the "uncontrollable intake of excessive food," "purging behavior," and the BIDS factor scores; a t test on the former two factor scores from among the BIDS lower-rank factor group was conducted.
T346 144148-144442 Sentence denotes The results indicated high scorers on these two factors in the high "dissatisfaction with body plumpness" group (t(531) = |5.08|, p<.01; t(531) = |2.14|, p<.05); hence, purging behavior might not be only a consciousness of other people's opinions of one's own body but also the problem of self.
T347 144443-144489 Sentence denotes This work was supported by KAKENHI (20730455).
T348 144490-144501 Sentence denotes Background:
T349 144502-144787 Sentence denotes Co-Creating Health (CCH) is a national programme commissioned by The Health Foundation, (http://www.health.org. uk/) which aims to embed self management support within mainstream health services in order to achieve improvements in long term health (LTH) conditions patients activation.
T350 144788-144926 Sentence denotes One of the ways CCH aims to increase activation is through the provision of a clinician and lay delivered self-management programme (SMP).
T351 144927-145029 Sentence denotes The SMP is a condition specific programme for patients with either depression, pain, COPD or diabetes.
T352 145030-145227 Sentence denotes The SMP comprises 7 weekly 3 hour sessions during which patients receive training in problem solving, relaxation and collaborative agenda setting, goal setting and follow up in clinical encounters.
T353 145228-145233 Sentence denotes Aims:
T354 145234-145370 Sentence denotes The aim was to determine whether patients report an increase in using a range of self-management skills after attending the SMP Methods:
T355 145371-145579 Sentence denotes The Health Education Impact Questionnaire (hei-Q) is a generic eight scale questionnaire designed to measure selfmanagement skills/ outcomes associated with attending health education/self-management courses.
T356 145580-145704 Sentence denotes Participants are asked to rate items on a 4 point likert scale ranging from "strongly disagree" (1) to "strongly agree" (4).
T357 145705-145769 Sentence denotes Higher scores represent higher levels of self-management skills.
T358 145770-145852 Sentence denotes Thirty patients completed the hei-Q prior to and 6 months after attending the SMP.
T359 145853-145862 Sentence denotes Findings:
T360 145863-145945 Sentence denotes After attending SMP patients reported a significant improvements in 4/8 subscales:
T361 145946-146105 Sentence denotes Positive and active engagement in life; Emotional well-being; Constructive attitudes and approaches (all p=<0.01) and Skill and Technique Acquisition (p=0.03).
T362 146106-146117 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T363 146118-146200 Sentence denotes Patients reported higher levels of self-management skills after attending the SMP.
T364 146201-146365 Sentence denotes Further research involving larger sample sizes will determine whether greater use of self-management skills has a positive impact on health-related quality of life.
T1 146366-146379 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T2 146380-146568 Sentence denotes The Healthy ONES (Options for Nutrition Environments in Schools) study was conducted to determine the effects of changing public school nutrition environments on obesity rates in children.
T3 146569-146582 Sentence denotes Intervention:
T4 146583-146715 Sentence denotes The intervention was designed using systems theory, ecological models, and community based participatory research (CBPR) principals.
T5 146716-146924 Sentence denotes The following environments were targeted for intervention: before and after school waiting areas, outdoor recreation areas, gyms/cafeterias, break rooms, front offices, classrooms, and administrative offices.
T6 146925-147162 Sentence denotes Using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) rapid improvement cycle process, we worked with stakeholder groups within each school to target small, temporary changes in each environment identified for change.
T7 147163-147171 Sentence denotes Results:
T8 147172-147577 Sentence denotes Environmental changes included: a "fruit at recess" program that eliminated outside food during morning recess and substituted cut fruit instead; jog-a-thon and prize walk fundraisers instead of cake walks and bake sales; using treasure chests with nonfood rewards in the classroom and principals' offices; adding vegetables to traditional lunch entrees; and cutting all fruit offered during school meals.
T9 147578-147768 Sentence denotes In addition to extensive behavioral observation, we measured the heights and weights of 457 children (2nd/ 3rd graders) in year 1 and were able to measure 367 in year 2 (80% retention rate).
T10 147769-147922 Sentence denotes Although not significant, obesity rates (> 95th% BMI) did not change for intervention schools (22% to 21%) and increased in control schools (21% to 24%).
T11 147923-147969 Sentence denotes Year 3 measures will be done by October, 2010.
T12 147970-147981 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T13 147982-148136 Sentence denotes Using a CBPR approach resulted in substantial changes in the school nutrition environment which may lead to meaningful changes in childhood obesity rates.
T14 148137-148148 Sentence denotes Background:
T15 148149-148314 Sentence denotes Scant efforts were made to investigate overweight trajectories and their links to multiple psychosocial adjustment problems during the period of pubertal transition.
T16 148315-148656 Sentence denotes In this study we conducted a secondary analysis with data from the multisite Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) with the application of state of the art analytic approaches of the group-based growth mixture and mixed-effect models.
T17 148657-148665 Sentence denotes Methods:
T18 148666-149066 Sentence denotes Longitudinal data consisted of repeated measures of weight, height, broad-band behavior problems (i.e. internalizing and externalizing problems) and narrow-band syndrome subscales (i.e. withdrawn, somatic complaints, anxious/depressed, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, and aggressive behavior) in 1,364 youths during the period from age nine to age fifteen.
T19 149067-149075 Sentence denotes Results:
T20 149076-149252 Sentence denotes Three trajectory patterns were identified from the whole cohort: never/rarely overweight (59.5%), late start/light overweight (12.1%), and chronically/heavy overweight (28.4%).
T21 149253-149756 Sentence denotes After adjustments for gender, ethnicity, income-to-needs ratio based on federal poverty guidelines, and categorical timing of pubertal onset based on two dimensions of boys (genital and pubic hair) and girls (breast and pubic hair) development, youths with chronically/heavy overweight trajectory pattern had significantly worse scores of internalizing problems as well as syndrome subscales of somatic complaints, social problems and withdrawn than youths with never/rare overweight trajectory pattern.
T22 149757-149769 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T23 149770-149971 Sentence denotes Study findings helped advance knowledge on the distinct developmental trajectory patterns of overweight and their associations with multiple behavior problems in adolescents during pubertal transition.
T24 149972-149983 Sentence denotes Background:
T25 149984-150155 Sentence denotes Experts affirmed that some health professionals are not taking the issue of obesity as seriously as they should, compromising the success of the treatment of obese people.
T26 150156-150167 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T27 150168-150308 Sentence denotes This study tries to synthesize recent research that has explored the beliefs, attitudes and practices of health professionals about obesity.
T28 150309-150316 Sentence denotes Method:
T29 150317-150557 Sentence denotes The words "healthcare physicians, obesity, beliefs, attitudes, intervention, referral practices, counselling, general practitioners, advices, competency, knowledge and stigma" were entered in databases such as PubMed, Elsevier and PsycINFO.
T30 150558-150631 Sentence denotes Twenty studies were found from 1999 trough 2009 and included in analyses.
T31 150632-150640 Sentence denotes Results:
T32 150641-150705 Sentence denotes Physicians are negative about their own role in obese treatment.
T33 150706-150941 Sentence denotes Although they believed it was part of their job to advise obese patients on the health risks of obesity, the majority of doctors thought they had not made any difference in getting their patients to make long term changes in lifestyle.
T34 150942-151091 Sentence denotes They are sceptical about the effectiveness of available interventions and only few doctors refer patients to behaviour therapy or to obesity surgery.
T35 151092-151104 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T36 151105-151455 Sentence denotes This issue should be taken in account during physicians' education and in planning multidisciplinary teams of intervention in obesity, because physical doctors should be aware of how their own beliefs and attitudes will influence their behavior on the managing of obesity, compromising therefore the adherence and the successful in obesity treatment.
T37 151456-151461 Sentence denotes Aims:
T38 151462-151646 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to explore psychosocial and cultural values related to dietary and physical activity practices of Asians and Pacific Islanders (API) with type 2 diabetes.
T39 151647-151655 Sentence denotes Methods:
T40 151656-151894 Sentence denotes Content analysis was conducted with information collected from focus groups that totaled 15 men and women of API descent, ages 18-76, participating in "The Study of Cognitive Behavioral Interventions in Diabetes Self-Management," project.
T41 151895-151958 Sentence denotes Focus group discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim.
T42 151959-152041 Sentence denotes Data was analyzed for categories and themes using the social ecological framework.
T43 152042-152104 Sentence denotes NVivo 8 computer software was utilized for management of data.
T44 152105-152113 Sentence denotes Results:
T45 152114-152248 Sentence denotes Psychosocial themes related to dietary practices included depression, denial, happiness, self-control, and awareness of complications.
T46 152249-152380 Sentence denotes Cultural values related to eating, such as upbringing, social events, food variety, food portions, and reciprocity were identified.
T47 152381-152491 Sentence denotes Underlying medical and physiological conditions limited physical activities of some participants in the study.
T48 152492-152603 Sentence denotes Psychosocial and cultural values that influenced physical activities were motivation, family values and gender.
T49 152604-152616 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T50 152617-152737 Sentence denotes Results support utilization of the social ecological framework when attempting to understand the health behavior of API.
T51 152738-152876 Sentence denotes The families,environment, and the local culture greatly affected the dietary and physical activities of participants with type 2 diabetes.
T52 152877-153116 Sentence denotes Empowerment with knowledge and support would allow individuals and their families to take ownership of their health care and thereby equipping them with tools to develop nutritionally and physically sound health habits to control diabetes.
T53 153117-153322 Sentence denotes Depression and insulin resistance (IR) each are significant predictors of the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and are evident years in advance of the frank hyperglycemia of diabetes.
T54 153323-153527 Sentence denotes Depression and insulin resistance (IR) each are significant predictors of the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and are evident years in advance of the frank hyperglycemia of diabetes.
T55 153528-153635 Sentence denotes Depression is associated with factors that promote IR including inactivity, obesity, and hypercortisolemia.
T56 153636-153747 Sentence denotes The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis of depression-associated insulin resistance (DAIR).
T57 153748-153957 Sentence denotes Seventy-six persons (mean age 52±10 years, 76% female, 39% Caucasian) with a provisional diagnosis of T2DM (i.e., not taking antihyperglycemic medication and meeting ADA criteria per study OGTT) were enrolled.
T58 153958-154026 Sentence denotes Major depressive disorder (MDD) was diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria.
T59 154027-154109 Sentence denotes Depression symptom severity was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
T60 154110-154287 Sentence denotes Sixteen patients could be classified as depressed (i.e. DSM-IV MDD and and a BDI score ≥16) and 52 could be classified as non-depressed (i.e. no DSM-IV MDD and a BDI score <16).
T61 154288-154434 Sentence denotes IR was derived from anthropometric measurements [body mass index (BMI)] and OGTT measurements [HOMA-IR, area under the curve for insulin (AUC-I)].
T62 154435-154537 Sentence denotes IR was uniformly higher but not statistically different in the depressed vs. nondepressed groups (BMI:
T63 154538-154583 Sentence denotes 41.4±6.6 vs 37.5±8.4 kg*m-2, p=0.09; HOMA-IR:
T64 154584-154617 Sentence denotes 8.0±5.6 vs 5.6±2.8,p=0.13; AUC-I:
T65 154618-154658 Sentence denotes 180±123 vs 135 ±65 uU*mL-1*2 h, p=0.20).
T66 154659-154860 Sentence denotes In regression analyses with baseline glucose as covariate, depression symptom severity was related to BMI (p=0.02) and trended toward prediction of HOMA-IR, and AUC-I (p=0.13 and p=0.10, respectively).
T67 154861-154984 Sentence denotes These preliminary data support the plausibility of the DAIR hypothesis and the need for larger and more definitive studies.
T68 154985-154996 Sentence denotes Background:
T69 154997-155170 Sentence denotes The Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding has been considered the most effective intervention for morbid obesity, with higher success rates associated with this procedure.
T70 155171-155345 Sentence denotes However, it appears that the results are not always kept for a long period of time, confirming the results of recent studies that found failure in 20% of bariatric surgeries.
T71 155346-155356 Sentence denotes Objective:
T72 155357-155505 Sentence denotes This study tries to understand factors related with failures, exploring obese expectations and their understanding of their role along this process.
T73 155506-155513 Sentence denotes Method:
T74 155514-155650 Sentence denotes Ten morbid obese were interviewed about the way they experienced their bariatric surgery, and the reasons and meanings of weight regain.
T75 155651-155692 Sentence denotes Grounded theory was used to analyze data.
T76 155693-155701 Sentence denotes Results:
T77 155702-155787 Sentence denotes Speech elaboration is poor, emotional words are rare and impersonal mode is frequent.
T78 155788-155976 Sentence denotes Main categories suggest a psychological "fight" between the individuals and food, a fight that sometimes they win with sacrifices, but other times they loose because their lack of control.
T79 155977-156160 Sentence denotes Lifestyle changes needed to accomplish the objectives are perceived ambiguously between no responsibility in the treatment and the recognition of the need to be active on the process.
T80 156161-156173 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T81 156174-156316 Sentence denotes Unsuccessfulness in bariatric surgery seems to be related with defeat in the fight with food which happens in moments of greater emotionality.
T82 156317-156606 Sentence denotes This could be related with a lack of other coping strategies different from this one, contributing therefore to the regain of weight. psychosocial factors have been suggested to affect eating behavior, most previous studies were either in laboratory settings or with recalled self-reports.
T83 156607-156728 Sentence denotes Therefore, valid relationships between food intake and psychosocial factors in daily life have not been fully understood.
T84 156729-156936 Sentence denotes Recently, ecological momentary assessment (EMA), in which subjects record their momentary symptoms using portable computers as electronic diaries, has been used as an appropriate method avoiding recall bias.
T85 156937-157053 Sentence denotes In addition, we have developed and validated personal digital assistant (PDA)based food diary with food photographs.
T86 157054-157230 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between food intake and psychosocial factors in healthy people in daily life, using EMA and the PDA-based food diary.
T87 157231-157460 Sentence denotes Twenty subjects (age 23.6±4.2 yo) wore a watch-type computer for a week and recorded their momentary psychological stress, mood states and situational information into it several times a day including just before and after meals.
T88 157461-157545 Sentence denotes They also recorded into the PDA-based food diary everything that they ate and drank.
T89 157546-157846 Sentence denotes Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that energy intake when dining out was significantly more than that in the other situations (p=0.049) after controlling for meal types and that momentary depressive mood just before the meal was negatively associated with energy intake only for dinner (p=0.045).
T90 157847-157993 Sentence denotes The results suggested possible effects of situational and psychological factor on energy intake with ecological validity and nutritional accuracy.
T91 157994-158005 Sentence denotes Background:
T92 158006-158211 Sentence denotes This study examined in adult Pennsylvanians from 1995 to 2005 trends in the prevalence and sociodemographic distributions of diabetes; and the associations of diabetes with selected risk factors over time.
T93 158212-158289 Sentence denotes Methods: BRFSS data collected between 1995 and 2005 were used for this study.
T94 158290-158303 Sentence denotes Key Measures:
T95 158304-158375 Sentence denotes Diabetes prevalence was assessed by self-report of physician diagnosis.
T96 158376-158469 Sentence denotes Obesity was assessed by body mass index (BMI) computed from self-report of height and weight.
T97 158470-158479 Sentence denotes Analyses:
T98 158480-158588 Sentence denotes Statelevel data for diabetes and associated obesity prevalence from 1995 to 2005 were reported by each year.
T99 158589-158734 Sentence denotes The sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education) and the known disease risk factor obesity were reported for 1995-2005.
T100 158735-158939 Sentence denotes Logistic regression modeling was used to examine associations between diabetes, sociodemographic and disease risk factors at two time points (1995 and 2005) (Hernandez-Pozo, Cerezo, Macias, et al, 2010) .
T101 158940-159108 Sentence denotes 60 men and 60 women, ages 15 to 35, participated in the study, with BMI ranging from 15.05 to 38.28; 56 were underweight-normal (G1), and 64 were overweight-obese (G2).
T102 159109-159353 Sentence denotes A behavioral measure for anxiety towards body weight and eating disorders consisted of a computerized discriminative 8 minutes test based on the emotional version of the Stroop task where thematic and neutral words were used as sample stimulus.
T103 159354-159499 Sentence denotes Interference was computed by subtracting latencies to neutral words from latencies to thematic words, of the same length and lexical probability.
T104 159500-159721 Sentence denotes Before and after the Stroop task, blood pressure and heart rate were monitored Additional self-report measures of eating disorders were recorded, by means of the Spanish version of the EAT26, CAR and SCOFF questionnaires.
T105 159722-159885 Sentence denotes Results showed a significant difference between groups for RPSE (t=6.062, p<.0001) with higher scores for the heavier group, and for Beck index (t=5.159, p<.0001).
T106 159886-160105 Sentence denotes Combining sex by BMI group significant differences were recorded for all three eating disorders questionnaires, with female heavier group scoring higher on CAR and SCOFF, and male lighter group scoring higher for EAT26.
T107 160106-160302 Sentence denotes The puzzling finding was that no perceptual bias differences were registered for BMI groups by themselves nor combined by sex, that is, the only differences among them were in verbal self-reports.
T108 160303-160386 Sentence denotes Heavier females exhibited the highest diastolic reactivity (F=8.05, df=3, p<.0001).
T109 160387-160743 Sentence denotes We concluded that there is a gap between "talking about obesity and eating disorders" and the actual unconscious bias towards those themes, which might lead to postulate progressive stages of concerns about obesity and eating disorders, described by specific combinations of behavioral, physiological and verbal data. showed greater awareness than fathers.
T110 160744-160883 Sentence denotes There is a significant correlation between the change in eating habits, the frequency of food intake, the avoidance and attraction to food.
T111 160884-161054 Sentence denotes The majority of the parents indicated their children's weight as appropriate, which corresponded to their BMI, but they do not recognize the body image of their children.
T112 161055-161134 Sentence denotes Only 40% of parents chose the images that corresponded to their children's BMI.
T113 161135-161203 Sentence denotes The remaining parents chose images ranging from thinness to obesity.
T114 161204-161319 Sentence denotes The BMI of the majority of the parents and children indicate that the parents and children have appropriate weight.
T115 161320-161332 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T116 161333-161493 Sentence denotes Most parents recognize the importance of nutrition and physical activity and their own role in eating behaviour and physical exercise habits for their children.
T117 161494-161787 Sentence denotes We examined the accuracy of self-reported energy intake (rEI) in low-income, urban minority school-aged children at risk for obesity and associated diabetes utilizing a relatively new, simple previously published prediction equation for identifying inaccurate reports of dietary energy intake.
T118 161788-161855 Sentence denotes Participants included 614 nine year old boys (51%) and girls (49%).
T119 161856-161901 Sentence denotes Three 24-hour dietary recalls were collected.
T120 161902-161974 Sentence denotes Children's height, weight (used to calculate BMI) and %BF were measured.
T121 161975-162064 Sentence denotes Physical fitness, reported family history of diabetes, and ethnicity were also collected.
T122 162065-162219 Sentence denotes A previously published prediction equation was used to determine the validity of rEIs in these children to identify under-, plausible-, and overreporters.
T123 162220-162336 Sentence denotes Additionally, we examined the question of whether there is a difference in reporting by sex, ethnicity, BMI and %BF.
T124 162337-162536 Sentence denotes On average, 18% of the children were at-risk of being overweight, 43% were already overweight at baseline, yet these children reported consuming fewer calories on average than recommended guidelines.
T125 162537-162640 Sentence denotes Additionally, reported caloric intake in this cohort was negatively associated with BMI and % body fat.
T126 162641-162816 Sentence denotes Using the previously described methods 49% of participants were identified as under-reporters, while 39% and 12% were identified as plausible-and over-reporters, respectively.
T127 162817-163011 Sentence denotes On average, children reported caloric intakes that were almost 100% of pER when the sedentary category was assigned; Inactivity and excessive energy intake are important contributors to obesity.
T128 163012-163361 Sentence denotes With the rising rates of obesity and diabetes in children, accurate measures of EI are needed for better understanding of the relationship between energy intake and health outcomes There is increasing international concern about diets high in fat, sugar and salt that contribute to the burden of obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer.
T129 163362-163515 Sentence denotes Nutritional labelling, especially of processed foods, is one population level intervention designed to achieve healthier food purchasing and consumption.
T130 163516-163663 Sentence denotes A range of nutritional labels varying in information and format are being used but there is currently no consensus on the most effective labelling.
T131 163664-163843 Sentence denotes A systematic literature review of the impact of nutritional labelling on behaviourally assessed food purchasing and consumption is in progress (Cochrane registration in progress).
T132 163844-163963 Sentence denotes Pilot literature searches have identified 13 studies assessing behavioural outcomes and preliminary analyses conducted.
T133 163964-164199 Sentence denotes Eight studies assessed the impact of labelling the calorie content of restaurant menu items and found no effect on purchasing from fast food restaurants but a reduction in calories purchased from non fast food restaurants and canteens.
T134 164200-164291 Sentence denotes One study found more purchases of low fat options, labelled as such, from vending machines.
T135 164292-164448 Sentence denotes Two studies assessed supermarkets purchases and, although finding no overall effect of nutritional labels, different effects of different labels were found.
T136 164449-164610 Sentence denotes Specifically "traffic light" labels highlighting products with high levels of less healthy nutrients had no impact on purchasing compared to unlabelled products.
T137 164611-164790 Sentence denotes In contrast, while "low trans fat" and "low calorie" labels resulted in more purchases of items thus labelled, "low fat" labels resulted in fewer purchases of items thus labelled.
T138 164791-164993 Sentence denotes Finally, two related studies assessed the impact of "low fat" labels on consumption finding paradoxically greater consumption of products thus labelled with greater effects in those who were overweight.
T139 164994-165193 Sentence denotes These results indicate that the impact of nutritional labels on food purchasing and consumption is modified by characteristics of the individual, of the food product labelled and of the label itself.
T140 165194-165314 Sentence denotes The results further suggest that the purchase of healthier options will not necessarily result in healthier consumption.
T141 165315-165521 Sentence denotes It is anticipated that the results of the full review will help to elucidate which labels most effectively promote healthy consumption across populations to inform the development of policy internationally.
T142 165522-165717 Sentence denotes Accumulating scientific evidence demonstrates that e-health strategies such as dietary self-monitoring through the use of handheld computers are effective in assisting individuals to lose weight.
T143 165718-165927 Sentence denotes However, it is unknown whether interpersonal coaching promotes the utilization of handheld computers to self-monitor health behaviors and whether increased utilization is associated with increased weight loss.
T144 165928-166122 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to determine whether interpersonal coaching leads to increased utilization of handheld computers for self-monitoring and weight loss in lower income multi-ethnic women.
T145 166123-166501 Sentence denotes Participant women, aged 43±10 yrs among whom 85% were employed, 51% had a combined family income <$40,000, 61% were married/cohabitating, 41% were African-American, 31% White, and 28% Hispanic were randomized to either: a) self-paced use of handheld system (eSolutions, n=29); or b) use of the handheld system plus weekly interpersonal coaching sessions (eSolutions-Plus, n=25).
T146 166502-166588 Sentence denotes At 12 weeks, tracking frequency was significantly higher in the eSolutions-Plus (mean:
T147 166589-166603 Sentence denotes 36.6 days, SD:
T148 166604-166654 Sentence denotes 20.9 days) compared to the eSolutions group (mean:
T149 166655-166669 Sentence denotes 26.3 days, SD:
T150 166670-166708 Sentence denotes 24.5 days, p<.05; mean tracking total:
T151 166709-166723 Sentence denotes 31.6 days, SD:
T152 166724-166741 Sentence denotes 23.6 days, range:
T153 166742-166753 Sentence denotes 0-79 days).
T154 166754-166911 Sentence denotes Regardless of group assignment, higher tracking frequency was also associated with greater weight loss (r=−.45, p<.001; mean total weight loss: −3.4 lbs, SD:
T155 166912-166962 Sentence denotes 6.3 lbs, range: −18-12; e-Solutions: −3.3 lbs, SD:
T156 166963-167002 Sentence denotes 7.2 lbs; eSolutions plus: −3.5 lbs, SD:
T157 167003-167020 Sentence denotes 5.5 lbs; p=.919).
T158 167021-167151 Sentence denotes To conclude, interpersonal coaching appears to foster the utilization of handheld computers for weight loss in lower income women.
T159 167152-167286 Sentence denotes An upcoming hypothesis about the origins of type II diabetes indicates that it has roots in behaviour rather than diet and metabolism.
T160 167287-167459 Sentence denotes However, little efforts have been made so far to test whether there are detectable behavioural differences in type II diabetics as compared to age matched healthy controls.
T161 167460-167594 Sentence denotes Ultimatum Game and its versions have been used to assess economic behaviour such as rationality or fairness in distribution of reward.
T162 167595-167734 Sentence denotes Prior studies have shown that endocrine status of an individual affects the offers made as well as acceptance levels in the ultimatum game.
T163 167735-167885 Sentence denotes Individuals with low testosterone levels or high serotonin levels were shown to give as well as accept low offers which is economically more rational.
T164 167886-168075 Sentence denotes Since both testosterone and serotonin are key players in type II diabetes, we examined whether the offers and acceptance levels of type II diabetics are different than age matched controls.
T165 168076-168344 Sentence denotes A survey of 58 patients with type II diabetes and other metabolic syndrome disorders and 60 age matched healthy controls showed that the offers given by patients with type II diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases were significantly lower than the control.
T166 168345-168399 Sentence denotes BMI was poorly correlated with the economic behaviour.
T167 168400-168501 Sentence denotes Further in this sample, the ultimatum game offer was a better predictor of type II diabetes than BMI.
T168 168502-168515 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T169 168516-168627 Sentence denotes Persistent rumination about illness is considered as the leading symptom of health anxiety and hypochondriasis.
T170 168628-168811 Sentence denotes Experimentally, this increased preoccupation with illness related information is reflected in prolonged attention allocation and better recognition memory for illness related stimuli.
T171 168812-168941 Sentence denotes Yet, the cognitive-psychological mechanisms that underlie these alterations in cognition in health anxiety are poorly understood.
T172 168942-169074 Sentence denotes In this respect, the ability to quickly and efficiently remove non-longer relevant information from working memory might be crucial.
T173 169075-169082 Sentence denotes Method:
T174 169083-169318 Sentence denotes Since a dimensional perspective of health anxiety is psychometrically and empirically superior to a dichotomous view (Ferguson, 2008) , the study was based on a sample of college students (N = 90) with varying levels of health anxiety.
T175 169319-169494 Sentence denotes Cognitive, affective, perceptual, and behavioral aspects of health anxiety were assessed with the Multidimensional Inventory of Hypochondriacal Traits (Longley et al., 2005) .
T176 169495-169635 Sentence denotes The ability to remove illness related information from working memory was measured with the modified Sternberg task (e.g., Oberauer, 2005) .
T177 169636-169758 Sentence denotes In this task, illness related words (e.g., cancer, tumor) and matched neutral words (e.g., lamp, table) served as stimuli.
T178 169759-169871 Sentence denotes The EZ-diffusion model (Wagenmakers, 2009 ) was used to simultaneously analyze response speed and accuracy data.
T179 169872-169880 Sentence denotes Results:
T180 169881-170166 Sentence denotes The ability to remove illness related words (but not neutral words) from working memory was negatively related to the behavioral facet of health anxiety (r = -.27), i.e., higher levels of hypochondriacal behavior were associated with less efficient inhibition of illness related words.
T181 170167-170178 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T182 170179-170400 Sentence denotes Behavioral and interpersonal aspects of health anxiety (i.e., seeking for reassurance and social support) were found to be associated with deficits in the ability to remove illness related information from working memory.
T183 170401-170516 Sentence denotes People with higher health anxiety might use behavioral strategies to distract from ongoing cognition about illness.
T184 170517-170725 Sentence denotes Alternatively, certain behavioral strategies that have been acquired during childhood and adolescence may increase the salience of health threatening information leading to difficulties in their "forgetting".
T185 170726-170902 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to develop the Japanese Version of Body Image Concerns Inventory (J-BICI), which is a brief selfrating scale to assess a body dysmorphic concerns.
T186 170903-170973 Sentence denotes We evaluated the factor structure, reliability and validity of J-BICI.
T187 170974-171046 Sentence denotes Subjects were 1218 normal undergraduate (male=709, female=518) students.
T188 171047-171335 Sentence denotes They completed the J-BICI and some other related questionnaires (Dysmorphic concerns Examination; DCE, Selfrating Depression Scale; SDS, Drive for Thinness and Bulimia subscale of Eating Disorder Inventory-91; abbreviated EDI-91, Japanese 32item short version of Padua Inventory; J-PI32).
T189 171336-171440 Sentence denotes Factor analysis using promax lotation method was carried out and identified three interpretable factors.
T190 171441-171646 Sentence denotes These factors were as follows: safety behavior for one's own appearance flaws (factor1), avoidant behavior from one's own appearance flaws (factor2), negative evaluation for one's own appearance (factor3).
T191 171647-171783 Sentence denotes These factors had high degrees of internal consistency (α=.84-.91) and good test-retest reliability (r=.79-88, p<.01; 3 weeks interval).
T192 171784-171971 Sentence denotes Female participants scored significantly higher on these three factors than male ones (factor1: t(1225) = −17.69, p<.001; factor2: t(1225) = −2.23, p<.05; factor3: t(1225)=−8.60, p<.001).
T193 171972-172089 Sentence denotes In addition, there were significantly correlation and discrimination between J-BICI and other related questionnaires.
T194 172090-172205 Sentence denotes In this study, it was shown that J-BICI had good reliability and validity as a measure of body dysmorphic concerns.
T195 172206-172217 Sentence denotes Background:
T196 172218-172461 Sentence denotes To investigate non-patient irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) change to IBS and to determine factors predictive of the onset of IBS, individual biological factors, psychological factors, behavioral factors, and environmental factors were examined.
T197 172462-172470 Sentence denotes Methods:
T198 172471-172774 Sentence denotes The subjects were 97 non-patient IBS (male=49, female= 48, average age:22.31 ±2.32), including 62 of the diarrheapredominant type and 35 of the constipation-predominant type selected from 1,409 university and technical college students by use of a questionnaire based on the Rome II diagnostic criteria.
T199 172775-172894 Sentence denotes The subjects were followed for 7 years, and various characteristics and IBS symptoms were serially observed (28 times).
T200 172895-172933 Sentence denotes The IBS incidence rate was calculated.
T201 172934-172942 Sentence denotes Results:
T202 172943-173006 Sentence denotes During the 7 years, 61 non-patient IBS (59.17%) changed to IBS:
T203 173007-173074 Sentence denotes 42 diarrhea-predominant types and 19 constipationpredominant types.
T204 173075-173143 Sentence denotes All IBS symptoms disappeared in 35 nonpatient IBS subjects (33.95%).
T205 173144-173426 Sentence denotes According to quantification method II (discriminant analysis), seven factors (cognitive appraisal, stressor, stress coping style, three kinds of lifestyle habits and psychologically abuse) were adopted as a predictive model for IBS incidence and were confirmed as predictive of IBS.
T206 173427-173439 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T207 173440-173570 Sentence denotes The results of this research show that non-patient IBS is a changeable state that can change into IBS or persons without symptoms.
T208 173571-173672 Sentence denotes Most of the non-patient IBS subjects who became asymptomatic had had symptoms for six months or less.
T209 173673-173783 Sentence denotes Furthermore, the longer a non-patient IBS subject had symptoms, the higher the risk of a change to IBS became.
T210 173784-173916 Sentence denotes The findings suggest the usefulness of identifying and approaching non-patient IBS as early as possible to prevent the onset of IBS.
T211 173917-174050 Sentence denotes It must be noted that the persons surveyed in the present study had only the diarrhea-predominant and constipation-predominant types.
T212 174051-174129 Sentence denotes Therefore, the findings of the present study are limited only these two types.
T213 174130-174179 Sentence denotes Further study including the mixed type is needed.
T214 174180-174369 Sentence denotes While placebo controlled trials are common in the evaluation of novel drugs, they have been questioned because of the ethical problems of withholding effective treatment in (pain) patients.
T215 174370-174433 Sentence denotes As alternative, comparator controlled trials ave been proposed.
T216 174434-174506 Sentence denotes Both however, differ in the likelihood of providing effective treatment:
T217 174507-174526 Sentence denotes 50% and 100%, resp.
T218 174527-174535 Sentence denotes Methods:
T219 174536-174746 Sentence denotes We investigated whether the likelihood of receiving drug or placebo determines the size of the drug response and the size of the placebo response (DR, PR) in treatment studies of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
T220 174747-174755 Sentence denotes Results:
T221 174756-174933 Sentence denotes In 92 published randomized placebo-controlled trials with more than 22.000 patients with IBS, 16 had a drug:placebo ratio of 2:1 or greater while the remaining were powered 1:1.
T222 174934-175129 Sentence denotes Computing the overall DR and PR, both responses were lower with higher likelihood of receiving the drug (ratio 2:1 or higher), but the difference between DR and PR ("therapeutic gain") decreased.
T223 175130-175460 Sentence denotes Ten of the 16 studies (4 with a 2:1 ratio, 3 with 3:1, and 3 with 4:1; total n=6484) were compared to 10 studies (n=3782) of similar size (>80 patients per study arm) and design (drug trials with novel compounds) based on a standardized patient definition (according to Rome criteria), and with comparable (dichotomous) endpoints.
T224 175461-175578 Sentence denotes Again, the placebo response decreased with increasing likelihood of receiving a drug from 37.6% (1:1) to 29.1% (4:1).
T225 175579-175703 Sentence denotes Similarly, the drug response dropped from 49.8% (1:1) to 42.4% (4:1) (significant decrease for DR (p=.035), but not for PR).
T226 175704-175761 Sentence denotes Discrimination between DR and PR was best for 1:1 trials.
T227 175762-176013 Sentence denotes Correlation between the drug response and the placebo response across all 20 trials was significant (Pearsons r=.781, p<.001), but was higher in 1:1 trials (n=10; r=.91, p<.001) than in trials with a higher drug-to-placebo ratio (n=10, r=.69, p=.027).
T228 176014-176025 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T229 176026-176242 Sentence denotes The higher the likelihood of receiving active treatment (a drug as compared to a placebo), the lower the response rate to both placebo and the drug in IBS, at the expense of a poorer discrimination between DR and PR.
T230 176243-176345 Sentence denotes This is contrary to respective data from depression trials. (Supported by a grant from DFG, En 50/25).
T231 176346-176357 Sentence denotes Background:
T232 176358-176548 Sentence denotes Much of public health research focuses on individual mechanisms of health (e.g., behavior, genetics), while few studies look at broader contexts of health behavior such as dyadic influences.
T233 176549-176670 Sentence denotes Romantic partners and relationship factors can influence one's health and well being above and beyond individual factors.
T234 176671-176679 Sentence denotes Methods:
T235 176680-176784 Sentence denotes Preliminary analyses were conducted among 200 couples (N=400) from low income OB-GYN clinics in the U.S.
T236 176785-176886 Sentence denotes Women and men were 18.7 and 21.3 years on average, and the average relationship length was 2.3 years.
T237 176887-176930 Sentence denotes 77% of participants were Black or Hispanic.
T238 176931-177033 Sentence denotes We assessed relationship satisfaction, mental health and physical health for both members of a couple.
T239 177034-177134 Sentence denotes Dyadic analyses using multiple regression assessed actor and partner effects for both men and women.
T240 177135-177175 Sentence denotes All analyses controlled for confounders.
T241 177176-177184 Sentence denotes Results:
T242 177185-177479 Sentence denotes Men and women shared predictors of relationship satisfaction, including greater relationship equity (Bm =.28, Bw=.44, ps<.05), less avoidant attachment (Bm=−.32, Bw=−.22, ps<.05), greater feelings of love (Bm=.31, Bw=.14, ps<.05), and less partner anxiety attachment (Bm=−.14, Bw=−.14, ps<.05).
T243 177480-177670 Sentence denotes Among both men and women, relationship satisfaction related to less depression (Bm=−.38, Bw=−.52, ps<.05), less stress ps<.05) , and greater mental quality of life (Bm=.39, Bw=.37, ps<.05) .
T244 177671-177799 Sentence denotes Relationship satisfaction related to greater physical quality of life for men (B=.18, p<.05), but not for women (B=.08, p = ns).
T245 177800-177988 Sentence denotes Comparisons showed a stronger association between relationship satisfaction and depression for women (B=−.52 vs. −.38, p<.05 ) and physical quality of life for men (B=.18 vs. .08, p<.05) .
T246 177989-178058 Sentence denotes No partner effects were significant for mental and physical outcomes.
T247 178059-178070 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T248 178071-178210 Sentence denotes Relationship satisfaction was associated with better mental health outcomes for men and women, and better physical health outcomes for men.
T249 178211-178474 Sentence denotes While relationship satisfaction had a greater influence on depression among women, it had a greater influence on the physical quality of life for men, suggesting that relationship factors may play a different role in mental and physical functioning across gender.
T250 178475-178658 Sentence denotes Fear of childbirth in pregnant women has been associated with prior and future complicated deliveries, difficulties in the motherinfant relationship and risk of postpartum depression.
T251 178659-178825 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to investigate pre-and postpartum levels of childbirth fear in a cohort of pregnant women and examine factors associated with elevated fear.
T252 178826-179071 Sentence denotes Three hundred sixty-one pregnant women (mean age=32, SD=4.5) completed questionnaires measuring: anxiety sensitivity, state-anxiety, fatigue, depression, social support, life events and parental self-efficacy in the third trimester of pregnancy.
T253 179072-179206 Sentence denotes The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) was used to assess childbirth fear at the preand postpartum assessment.
T254 179207-179306 Sentence denotes Two-hundred sixty-three women returned their questionnaires at the 4-6 weeks postpartum assessment.
T255 179307-179443 Sentence denotes Demographic variables (i.e. parity, education) and complications in the current pregnancy or in previous deliveries were also collected.
T256 179444-179604 Sentence denotes Low levels of childbirth fear during pregnancy was reported by 25.8% (n=93) of the women, with 48.8% (n=176) moderately fearful and 25.5% (n=92) highly fearful.
T257 179605-179757 Sentence denotes At the postpartum assessment 37.6% (n=99) reported low levels of fear, 44.1% (n=116) reported moderate fear levels and 18.3% (n=48) were highly fearful.
T258 179758-179904 Sentence denotes Overall, fear levels in the postpartum decreased significantly by a mean of 6 points compared to the prepartum assessment (t (262) = 4.5, p<.001).
T259 179905-180213 Sentence denotes The regression model examining prepartum childbirth fear showed that lower parental self-efficacy (p<0.001), higher state-anxiety (p<0.001), more life events (p=0.001) and greater anxiety sensitivity (p=0.003) were significant independent predictors of higher prepartum W-DEQ, explaining 44% of the variance.
T260 180214-180472 Sentence denotes In addition to prepartum WEQ scores (p <0.001), postpartum childbirth fear was associated with greater anxiety sensitivity (p=0.001), lower parental self-efficacy (p=0.005) and delivery by caesarean section (p=0.014), together explaining 36% of the variance.
T261 180473-180648 Sentence denotes Our findings underscore the importance of routine assessment of childbirth fear during pregnancy and highlights areas which can be targeted in order to manage childbirth fear.
T262 180649-180807 Sentence denotes Women expressing fears may benefit from interventions aimed at improving self-efficacy and reducing stress to enhance the pregnancy and childbirth experience.
T263 180808-180821 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T264 180822-180969 Sentence denotes Recent studies show Female Sexual Dysfunction can be caused by an overemphasis on secondary self-analysis rather than direct experience of arousal.
T265 180970-181074 Sentence denotes Training in mindfulness has been associated with decreases in self-judgment and enhanced body awareness.
T266 181075-181260 Sentence denotes This controlled study assesses the impact of mindfulness training on reaction time for ratings of arousal to erotic stimuli and related psychological barriers to female sexual function.
T267 181261-181269 Sentence denotes Methods:
T268 181270-181530 Sentence denotes Fifty-six college students (female=29) participated in either a 15-week course with mindfulness "meditation labs" in addition to didactic class time (n=35) or an active control class (n=21) with a similar format (didactic and experiential laboratory sessions).
T269 181531-181722 Sentence denotes All participants engaged in computerized neuropsychological performance batteries pre-and post-intervention where they rated erotic and non-erotic photographs in terms of arousal and valence.
T270 181723-181774 Sentence denotes Scores and reaction times of ratings were recorded.
T271 181775-182066 Sentence denotes Participants also completed the Five Factors of Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer et al., 2006) , Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (Brown et al., 2003) , the Brief Symptom Inventory (Derogatis et al., 1983 ) and The Self Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003) at the beginning and end of the semester.
T272 182067-182075 Sentence denotes Results:
T273 182076-182217 Sentence denotes At baseline, female participants had a significantly slower reaction time in response to erotic photographs than males, t (52) = 2.5, p=.013.
T274 182218-182354 Sentence denotes At post-intervention testing, females who participated in the meditation labs significantly faster reaction times, t (12) = 2.8, p=.016.
T275 182355-182455 Sentence denotes This change was more than twice that of females in the control group (723.0 vs. 306.7 milliseconds).
T276 182456-182578 Sentence denotes Scores related to selfjudgment also decreased significantly more in female meditators than controls, F (1,15)=4.8, p=.045.
T277 182579-182730 Sentence denotes The faster reaction times were correlated with this decrease in self-judgment (r=.70, p=.012 ) as well as an increase in self-kindness (r=.84, p=.001).
T278 182731-182897 Sentence denotes Additionally, female meditators showed improved scores in mindfulness, depression, anxiety, and combined clinical symptoms measures (all p<.05), but controls did not.
T279 182898-182910 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T280 182911-183073 Sentence denotes These results suggest that mindfulness training is associated with improvements in many of the psychological barriers to female desire, arousal, and satisfaction.
T281 183074-183204 Sentence denotes Most notably, it was associated with faster reaction times when reporting arousal that correlated with decreases in self-judgment.
T282 183205-183392 Sentence denotes Female meditators were ostensibly enabled to react to erotic stimuli with decreased judgment and self-evaluation, thus becoming more engaged in the direct experience of their own arousal.
T283 183393-183466 Sentence denotes These data strongly support mindfulness as a promising treatment for FSD.
T284 183467-183475 Sentence denotes Purpose:
T285 183476-183684 Sentence denotes The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the association between key psychosocial factors and aberrant crypt foci (ACF), a measure of colonic mucosa and perhaps a putative biomarker of colon cancer risk.
T286 183685-183905 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that higher levels of depression, stress, and colon cancer worry (and lower levels of social support) would be associated with greater numbers of ACF among individuals at heightened risk for colon cancer.
T287 183906-183925 Sentence denotes Sample and Methods:
T288 183926-184123 Sentence denotes Participants were self-referred or referred by physicians from the Gastroenterology Clinic or Colon Cancer Prevention Program at the University of Connecticut Health Center for routine colonoscopy.
T289 184124-184186 Sentence denotes A total of 93 individuals were consented (51% women; 49% men).
T290 184187-184305 Sentence denotes Within two weeks prior to colonoscopy, participants completed measures assessing the psychosocial factors noted above.
T291 184306-184370 Sentence denotes Individuals were also examined for ACF detection at colonoscopy.
T292 184371-184475 Sentence denotes Regression beta weights were used to examine the association between the psychosocial variables and ACF.
T293 184476-184484 Sentence denotes Results:
T294 184485-184677 Sentence denotes Among women, higher levels of depression were associated with greater numbers of ACF (β=.731, p=.032) after controlling for age, race/ethnicity, stress, social support, and colon cancer worry.
T295 184678-184827 Sentence denotes Among men, lower levels of social support were associated with greater numbers of ACF (β=-.398, p=.050) after controlling for age and race/ethnicity.
T296 184828-185073 Sentence denotes These results suggest that although colon cancer affects men and women equally with regards to morbidity and mortality rates, there are important gender differences in how psychosocial factors impact colonic mucosa and perhaps colon cancer risk.
T297 185074-185197 Sentence denotes Psychosocial interventions aimed at targeting these types of factors are warranted but need to consider the role of gender.
T298 185198-185209 Sentence denotes Background:
T299 185210-185337 Sentence denotes Gender differences in premature mortality rates and in the size of socioeconomic inequities in mortality vary across countries.
T300 185338-185606 Sentence denotes We aimed to quantify the gender-socioeconomic status (SES) interaction on premature mortality and to analyse which psychosocial characteristics might explain the different gender patterns of socioeconomic inequalities in premature mortality in this respect in Hungary.
T301 185607-185615 Sentence denotes Methods:
T302 185616-185774 Sentence denotes Men (n=1130) and women (n=1529), aged 40-69 years, participants in the Hungarian Epidemiological Panel (2002) were followed for 3.5 years for total mortality.
T303 185775-185893 Sentence denotes Cox-proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between several socioeconomic measures and death.
T304 185894-185902 Sentence denotes Results:
T305 185903-185963 Sentence denotes During the follow-up 99 men (8.8%) and 53 women (3.5%) died.
T306 185964-186220 Sentence denotes The age-adjusted hazard ratios and the Rothman's synergy indexes showed that socioeconomic factors (education, blue collar work, personal and family income, subjective social status, lack of car and computer) were more deleterious in men compared to women.
T307 186221-186397 Sentence denotes Adjustment for severe depression resulted in the highest decrease in the regression coefficients for the association between socioeconomic factors and male premature mortality.
T308 186398-186491 Sentence denotes There was no indication that depression would mediate between low SES and mortality in women.
T309 186492-186700 Sentence denotes Work stress measures might partly mediate the effect of socioeconomic deprivation on male mortality, while social support seems to counterbalance the negative aspects of socioeconomic deprivation among women.
T310 186701-186713 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T311 186714-186837 Sentence denotes Middle-aged Hungarian men seem to be considerably more vulnerable to the chronic stress of material deprivation than women.
T312 186838-186971 Sentence denotes This effect modification by gender might partly be explained by a stronger connection between low SES and depressive symptoms in men.
T313 186972-187171 Sentence denotes While the effects on body image of unrealistically thin female fashion models have been extensively investigated, there is very little research on the effects of unrealistically muscular male models.
T314 187172-187320 Sentence denotes We examined the impact of average-size and muscular male fashion models on men's and women's body image, and on perceived advertising effectiveness.
T315 187321-187547 Sentence denotes A sample of 619 Australian university students (330 men and 289 women, aged 17-25 years) were systematically assigned to four image exposure conditions: no models, muscular models, average-slim models, and averagelarge models.
T316 187548-187762 Sentence denotes In each condition, participants viewed eight glamour advertisements created for the purpose of the study, rated the effectiveness of each advertisement, and then completed standardised measures of body image state.
T317 187763-187839 Sentence denotes Advertisements were matched across conditions for product and general style.
T318 187840-187943 Sentence denotes Men and women rated average-size male models as equally effective in advertisements as muscular models.
T319 187944-188111 Sentence denotes Amongst the men, those exposed to average-size models had more positive body image than those viewing no models, with no difference from those viewing muscular models.
T320 188112-188149 Sentence denotes Similar results were found for women.
T321 188150-188259 Sentence denotes These findings suggest that average-size male models can promote positive body image and appeal to consumers.
T322 188260-188271 Sentence denotes Background:
T323 188272-188356 Sentence denotes Mental health problems are often found to be more common among women than among men.
T324 188357-188562 Sentence denotes We examined physical working conditions, psychosocial working conditions and familyrelated factors as explanations for gender differences in the use of psychoactive medication in an ageing employee cohort.
T325 188563-188571 Sentence denotes Methods:
T326 188572-188747 Sentence denotes Data on the explanatory factors were derived from mail surveys conducted in 2000-2002 among municipal employees of the City of Helsinki aged 40-60 (N=8960, response rate 67%).
T327 188748-188849 Sentence denotes These data were linked with the prescription register of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland.
T328 188850-189246 Sentence denotes Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for women as compared to men for the use of all psychoactive drugs (ATC codes in classes N05 and N06, excluding medication for dementia), antidepressants (N06A) and sleeping pills and sedatives (N05B and N05C) among younger (40-50 y) and older (>50 y employees) during three subsequent years.
T329 189247-189255 Sentence denotes Results:
T330 189256-189379 Sentence denotes Among younger women the risk for using psychoactive drugs was only slightly larger than in men (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01-1.54).
T331 189380-189491 Sentence denotes Adjusting for physical working conditions or psychosocial working conditions somewhat increased the difference.
T332 189492-189585 Sentence denotes There was no association for gender with antidepressants or sleeping pills among the younger.
T333 189586-189749 Sentence denotes Among the older, the HR for psychoactive drugs among women was 1.70 (95% CI 1.28-2.27), and it slightly increased after adjustment for physical working conditions.
T334 189750-189891 Sentence denotes For antidepressant use, the female excess (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.12-2.22) was slightly increased after adjusting for physical working conditions.
T335 189892-190112 Sentence denotes The higher HR for the use of sleeping pills among women 2.28 (95% CI 1.50-3.47) was slightly increased after the adjustment for physical working conditions and slightly attenuated by adjustment for familyrelated factors.
T336 190113-190124 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T337 190125-190230 Sentence denotes The female excess in the use of psychoactive drugs was larger in the older than in the younger employees.
T338 190231-190362 Sentence denotes Physical working conditions, psychosocial working conditions and family related factors in general did not explain the differences.
T339 190363-190463 Sentence denotes On the contrary, adjusting for physical working conditions rather tended to increase the difference.
T340 190464-190475 Sentence denotes Background:
T341 190476-190627 Sentence denotes The importance of conducting genetic biobanking research about genetic factors that influence major chronic diseases is critical in disease management.
T342 190628-190751 Sentence denotes Participants eligible for this line of research may not be aware of genetic biobanking research and reasons to participate.
T343 190752-190897 Sentence denotes This disconnect between potential eligible participants and the importance of genetic biobank research may hinder progress in disease management.
T344 190898-191032 Sentence denotes Qualitative studies are needed to identify factors that influence a multi-ethnic sample to participate in genetic biobanking research.
T345 191033-191041 Sentence denotes Purpose:
T346 191042-191247 Sentence denotes Project Diversity GATHER (Group discussions Around Themes on HEalthful genetic Research) examines health behaviors and factors that influence women's and men's participation in genetic biobanking research.
T347 191248-191339 Sentence denotes A multi-ethnic sample was recruited to identify factors influencing research participation.
T348 191340-191352 Sentence denotes Methodology:
T349 191353-191497 Sentence denotes 85 women and 50 men from Texas completed an 89-item sociodemographic questionnaire and 60-minute non-ethnically or gendered matched focus group.
T350 191498-191649 Sentence denotes Wegner's translation process model (1993) was used to indentify intra-and inter-cultural themes that influence participants' participation in research.
T351 191650-191995 Sentence denotes Participants' characteristics were analyzed through descriptive analyses and qualitative themes categorized on 3 key focus group questions:1) research perceptions, 2) facilitating factors, and 3) barriers to The circadian clock is a self-sustained time-keeping system, which controls rhythmic behavioral, biochemical and physiological processes.
T352 191996-192091 Sentence denotes Vital functions such as the timing of cell cycles or apoptosis depend on this intrinsic rhythm.
T353 192092-192167 Sentence denotes In mammals, the cogwheels of this clock are contained in every single cell.
T354 192168-192297 Sentence denotes These so-called clock genes control their own expression and the expression of clock-controlled genes via several feedback loops.
T355 192298-192451 Sentence denotes One of these genes is Per1, a clock gene that disposes of a glucocorticoid-responsive element and is therefore most likely influenced by glucocorticoids.
T356 192452-192532 Sentence denotes In humans, stress is associated with an increase in the glucocorticoid cortisol.
T357 192533-192646 Sentence denotes Simultaneously, psychosocial stress is seen as a major factor in the etiology of numerous mental health problems.
T358 192647-192922 Sentence denotes For this reason, we aimed to investigate first, the association of cortisol and hPER1 as well as hPER2, and second, the putative cortisol-mediated influence of acute and chronic psychosocial stress on the gene expression of the same two clock genes in thirty-one healthy men.
T359 192923-193083 Sentence denotes Our findings suggest that first, cortisol strongly interacts with hPER1 and hPER2, and second, psychosocial stress influences the expression of hPER1 and hPER2.
T360 193084-193176 Sentence denotes These results implicate a strong clinical relevance of stress on the human circadian rhythm.
T361 193177-193361 Sentence denotes Most measures of motivation to seek genetic susceptibility testing were developed for the context of predictive genetic testing where mutations confer high risk for disease occurrence.
T362 193362-193535 Sentence denotes It is unclear whether these measures will capture motives for seeking genetic susceptibility testing where gene variants are associated with small increases in disease risk.
T363 193536-193732 Sentence denotes In a factorial study examining methods to convey low genetic risk for lung cancer to young smokers, we evaluated a 20-item measure of motives for or against genetic testing in 128 college smokers.
T364 193733-194021 Sentence denotes Items were adapted from those used in other scales and unique items were generated by a panel of experts to assess the following domains: health behavior motivation/demotivation, altruism, uncertainty reduction, impact on perceived risk and worry, and curiosity about oneself and science.
T365 194022-194102 Sentence denotes Eight items were correlated significantly with intentions to get tested (p<.05).
T366 194103-194269 Sentence denotes Exploratory factor analysis of these eight items yielded two correlated factors (r =.22, p <.01): maintaining personal health and curiosity about self and technology.
T367 194270-194374 Sentence denotes These items formed a reliable scale (alpha=.70) that correlated with testing intentions (r=.63, p<.001).
T368 194375-194476 Sentence denotes We also asked participants open-ended questions to assess additional reasons for and against testing.
T369 194477-194708 Sentence denotes Overall, themes paralleled those in our quantitative survey, though participants offered the novel point that they would not want to be tested because the awareness that would come from testing would lead to less enjoyment of life.
T370 194709-194833 Sentence denotes Prior scales used to assess motivations for testing did not include the construct of curiosity about oneself and technology.
T371 194834-194900 Sentence denotes This may be unique to intentions to seek new susceptibility tests.
T372 194901-195058 Sentence denotes Understanding the role of curiosity in test uptake could be informative for this and other novel technologies where health utility has yet to be established.
T373 195059-195333 Sentence denotes 1 Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 2 Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan; 3 Faculty of Healthcare, Tokyo Healthcare Universit, Tokyo, Japan and 4 Ishikawa Health Service Association, Kanazawa, Japan.
T1 195334-195339 Sentence denotes Aims:
T2 195340-195556 Sentence denotes A previous studies have reported that the long variant of the serotonin transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism is associated with problem solving style of stress coping among males (Wilhelm et al.
T3 195557-195564 Sentence denotes 2007 ).
T4 195565-195615 Sentence denotes However, the findings do not have been replicated.
T5 195616-195736 Sentence denotes In addition, socioeconomic status, such as education, might interact with the genotype to determine stress coping style.
T6 195737-195895 Sentence denotes This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the interactive effect of education and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on coping style in a sample of Japanese workers.
T7 195896-195904 Sentence denotes Methods:
T8 195905-196124 Sentence denotes A total of 241 (80%) out of all employees of a manufacturing factory in Japan completed a mailed questionnaire which included a scale of stress coping, the Brief Scale for Coping Profile (BSCP) (Kageyama et al., 2004) .
T9 196125-196204 Sentence denotes Genomic DNA abstracted from leukocyte in their peripheral venous blood samples.
T10 196205-196441 Sentence denotes The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism region was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and classified into short/short (s/s) (n=153), short/long (s/l) (n=¬78), and long/long (l/l) (n=6), excluding those who had extra long variants (n=4).
T11 196442-196531 Sentence denotes The respondents were also classified into high school graduates and university graduates.
T12 196532-196739 Sentence denotes Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were applied to compare six subscales of BSCP among the three 5-HTTLPR groups, as well as test the interaction of the polymorphism and education, separately for men and women.
T13 196740-196748 Sentence denotes Results:
T14 196749-197058 Sentence denotes Compared to the s/s group, the s/l and l/l groups had a higher score of the subscale of "seeking help for solution" among male university graduates (p for trend=0.01); Subscale scores of "changing mood" were significantly different among three polymorphism groups, with a low score in the l/l group (p< 0.01).
T15 197059-197243 Sentence denotes The interaction between the polymorphism and education was significant for the subscales of "seeking help for solution" and "changing mood" among men (p=0.08 and p=0.01, respectively).
T16 197244-197255 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T17 197256-197492 Sentence denotes The study replicated that long variant of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was associated with problem solving (measured as "seeking help for solution" in this study) among men, while the l/ l group seems less likely to use "changing mood" coping.
T18 197493-197599 Sentence denotes 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, education, and sex seem to interact to determine the problem solving stress coping.
T19 197600-197606 Sentence denotes Int.J.
T20 197607-197613 Sentence denotes Behav.
T21 197614-197637 Sentence denotes Med. (2010) Background:
T22 197638-197743 Sentence denotes Sociotropic cognition is a set of beliefs associated with social dependency and a high need for approval.
T23 197744-197890 Sentence denotes Earlier studies with women found that high sociotropic cognition was associated with increased cardiovascular reactivity and sexual risk behavior.
T24 197891-198016 Sentence denotes However, few studies have included men and the influence of sociotropy on other health risk behaviors has not been evaluated.
T25 198017-198025 Sentence denotes Purpose:
T26 198026-198234 Sentence denotes To examine the influence of need for approval, measured by sociotropic cognition, on health risk behaviors, including sexual risk, alcohol, drug, and tobacco use, and disordered eating in young men and women.
T27 198235-198242 Sentence denotes Method:
T28 198243-198368 Sentence denotes Participants were 236 college students who completed self-report measures of sociotropic cognition and health risk behaviors.
T29 198369-198529 Sentence denotes It was hypothesized that higher sociotropic cognition would be associated with more alcohol, drug, and tobacco use, sexual risk behavior, and disordered eating.
T30 198530-198590 Sentence denotes Multiple regression was used to examine these relationships.
T31 198591-198599 Sentence denotes Results:
T32 198600-198765 Sentence denotes Sociotropic cognition predicted sex-related alcohol expectancies (β=.16, t(201) = 2.24, p<.05) and negative consequences from drinking (β=.14, t(209) = 2.11, p<.05).
T33 198766-198908 Sentence denotes Sociotropic cognition was associated with being pressured into having sex (t(227) = 2.19, p<.05), but not to recent intercourse or condom use.
T34 198909-199165 Sentence denotes Sociotropic cognition predicted recent amphetamine (β=.21, t(229) = 3.26, p<.001) and inhalant use (β=.14, t(229) = 2.20, p<.05), but was negatively associated with alcohol (β=− .13, t(229) = -2.01, p<.05) and marijuana use (β=−.14, t(229) = -2.09, p<.05).
T35 199166-199208 Sentence denotes There was no association with tobacco use.
T36 199209-199419 Sentence denotes Sociotropic cognition predicted more body dissatisfaction (β=.32, t(225) = 5.09, p<.001) and more disordered eating behavior (β=.25, t(210) = 3.81, p<.001), and was not associated with BMI or physical activity.
T37 199420-199432 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T38 199433-199548 Sentence denotes Sociotropic cognition appears to be an important correlate of interrelated health risk behaviors for men and women.
T39 199549-199674 Sentence denotes Need for approval influences disordered eating behavior, drug use, problems with alcohol use, and some sexual risk behaviors.
T40 199675-199813 Sentence denotes Cognitive and behavioral intervention strategies may be useful to address need for approval and its effect on these health risk behaviors.
T41 199814-199852 Sentence denotes A meditational model was hypothesized.
T42 199853-200030 Sentence denotes The three constructs of interest were significantly correlated (BMI and exercise avoidance, .47***; BMI and weight stigma, .50***; weight stigma and exercise avoidance, .51***).
T43 200031-200156 Sentence denotes The primary model examined hypothesized that weight stigma would mediate the relationship between exercise avoidance and BMI.
T44 200157-200263 Sentence denotes The model testing the relationship between the IV (BMI) and the DV (exercise avoidance) fit the data well.
T45 200264-200426 Sentence denotes The models testing the relationship between the mediator (weight stigma) and the DV, and the relationship between the IV and the mediator, also fit the data well.
T46 200427-200605 Sentence denotes The final model testing weight stigma's meditational role between BMI and exercise avoidance, found that weight stigma completely mediated the relationship between the IV and DV.
T47 200606-200679 Sentence denotes The results indicated that as BMI increased exercise avoidance increased.
T48 200680-200788 Sentence denotes Similar to other studies with college females, as BMI increased perceptions of weight stigma also increased.
T49 200789-201025 Sentence denotes Not only were BMI, exercise avoidance, and weight stigma all related in college females, but weight stigma mediated the relationship between BMI and exercise avoidance, indicating that weight stigma may predict adverse health behaviors.
T50 201026-201080 Sentence denotes Alternative models and implications will be discussed.
T51 201081-201287 Sentence denotes Previous studies examining social determinants of health have found that individuals who tend to discount the future are more likely to engage in negative health behaviors such as smoking and substance use.
T52 201288-201438 Sentence denotes Due to high rates and detrimental health consequences of negative health behaviors, it is important to identify factors influencing discounting rates.
T53 201439-201685 Sentence denotes Personality dimensions and depressive symptoms have been identified as potential predictors of discounting rates, but past studies have utilized monetary discounting measures when examining health outcomes rather than health discounting measures.
T54 201686-202088 Sentence denotes This study examined personal-ity and affective predictors of health discounting in a sample of 97 undergraduate students (41 women) who completed the following questionnaires as participants in a study for course credit: (1) a hypothetical health choice task (Chapman, 1996) , (2) Many studies have indicated that many people who experience psychological and interpersonal problems don't seek any help.
T55 202089-202201 Sentence denotes Many researchers have tried to understand the reasons underlying people's decisions to seek or not to seek help.
T56 202202-202423 Sentence denotes In these studies, measures of help-seeking intentions have been often used instead of measuring actual help-seeking behavior, because it is assumed that help-seeking intentions associate with actual help-seeking behavior.
T57 202424-202478 Sentence denotes However, there is little evidence of this association.
T58 202479-202627 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study is to examine whether help-seeking intentions can predict actual help-seeking behavior among Japanese university students.
T59 202628-202776 Sentence denotes One hundred and eighty-five Japanese university students answered a questionnaire which included social support and help-seeking intentions (Time1).
T60 202777-202918 Sentence denotes Four weeks later (Time2), participants answered another questionnaire which included psychological distress and actual help-seeking behavior.
T61 202919-203045 Sentence denotes The correlation between help-seeking intentions at Time1 and actual help-seeking behavior at Time2 was moderate (r=.65 p<.01).
T62 203046-203187 Sentence denotes The result of multiple regression analysis indicated that help-seeking intentions associated with actual help-seeking behavior (β=.42 p<.01).
T63 203188-203326 Sentence denotes Social support at Time1 (β=.18 p<.05) and psychological distress at Time2 (β=.44 p<.01) also associated with actual help-seeking behavior.
T64 203327-203411 Sentence denotes These variables accounted for 57.2% of the variance in actual help-seeking behavior.
T65 203412-203538 Sentence denotes Thus, it was revealed that help-seeking intentions can predict actual helpseeking behavior among Japanese university students.
T66 203539-203550 Sentence denotes Background:
T67 203551-203663 Sentence denotes Suffering from infertility may cause significant stress both on a personal level as well as in the relationship.
T68 203664-203820 Sentence denotes Expressive writing intervention (EWI) has been shown to be an efficient method for reducing psychological symptoms in both healthy and clinical populations.
T69 203821-203891 Sentence denotes However, research using this method with infertile couples is limited.
T70 203892-204066 Sentence denotes Our aim was to investigate the effects of EWI on infertility-related psychological symptoms in a small preliminary sample of patients undergoing In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF).
T71 204067-204075 Sentence denotes Methods:
T72 204076-204157 Sentence denotes 37 couples were included and 8 women were included without their partners (N=82).
T73 204158-204240 Sentence denotes Participants were randomized to home-based EWI or a neutral-writing control group.
T74 204241-204383 Sentence denotes Both groups completed repeated questionnaires measuring infertility-related stress, perceived relationship quality, and dispositional anxiety.
T75 204384-204495 Sentence denotes Data were collected before the intervention, 3 weeks after the intervention and 6 weeks after the intervention.
T76 204496-204633 Sentence denotes Despite strong intentions to improve their diet or engage in regular exercise, individuals frequently fail to achieve these health goals.
T77 204634-204860 Sentence denotes According to Temporal Self-Regulation Theory (Hall & Fong, 2007) , executive function (including working memory and inhibitory control capacities) and prepotent behaviour (e.g., habits) may influence self-regulation abilities.
T78 204861-205074 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to replicate and extend initial evidence (Hall, Fong, Epp, & Elias, 2008) that, within the domains of diet and exercise, executive function moderates the intention-behaviour relationship.
T79 205075-205281 Sentence denotes At baseline, university students and staff (N=123; ages 17-73; 33 men) completed an nback task (working memory), a Go/NoGo task (inhibitory control), and measures of dichotomous thinking and weight-cycling.
T80 205282-205472 Sentence denotes They completed weekly measures of diet and exercise intentions and behaviours (including a modified version of the US National Cancer Institute Fruit and Vegetable screener over three weeks.
T81 205473-205597 Sentence denotes Diet behaviours included eating five fruit and vegetables a day, low-fat foods, low-sugar foods, and a reduced-calorie diet.
T82 205598-205826 Sentence denotes Regression analyses revealed interaction effects of executive function and intentions on reduced-calorie diet at Time 2 (β=.14, p<.05), and on fruit and vegetable intake and low-sugar intake at Times 2 and 3 (β's >.18, p's<.05).
T83 205827-205927 Sentence denotes Intentions were more predictive of behaviour when executive functions was high than when it was low.
T84 205928-206123 Sentence denotes Weight-cyclers (compared to those with no history of weight cycling) reported a higher dichotomous thinking style (t=2.09, p<.04) and exhibited lower levels of inhibitory control (t=2.14, p<.04).
T85 206124-206264 Sentence denotes The findings support hypotheses that health goal achievement is influenced by self-regulation abilities with a significant biological basis.
T86 206265-206477 Sentence denotes Research is needed to identify ways to increase these self-regulation capacities or develop alternative techniques for enabling individuals with low executive function to fulfil their health behaviour intentions.
T87 206478-206489 Sentence denotes Background:
T88 206490-206587 Sentence denotes Childhood sexual abuse has been associated with sexual risk behavior and alcohol abuse in adults.
T89 206588-206713 Sentence denotes However, the relationship of other forms of childhood abuse and neglect to these health risk behaviors has been less studied.
T90 206714-206718 Sentence denotes Aim:
T91 206719-206881 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of childhood abuse on theoretical antecedents of health risk-taking, sexual risk behavior, and alcohol use.
T92 206882-206890 Sentence denotes Methods:
T93 206891-207061 Sentence denotes Participants (N=184) were recruited from a mid-sized northeast university and completed self-report questionnaires to assess childhood experiences with abuse and neglect.
T94 207062-207149 Sentence denotes Outcome measures included alcohol use, drinking consequences, and sexual risk behavior.
T95 207150-207321 Sentence denotes Theoretical antecedents to sexual risk behavior also were assessed, including attitudes, norms, self-efficacy, perceived behavioral control, and intentions to use condoms.
T96 207322-207379 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed with hierarchical multiple regression.
T97 207380-207518 Sentence denotes Tobacco use and physical inactivity are the leading causes of preventable death in the US, and persistent smokers tend to remain inactive.
T98 207519-207660 Sentence denotes Most smokers who quit relapse within three months, suggesting that mainstream cessation assistance options do not work well for many smokers.
T99 207661-207818 Sentence denotes Interventions using sustained, aerobic exercise as a smoking cessation technique have resulted in success rates comparable to conventional cessation methods.
T100 207819-207993 Sentence denotes No trial to date has prescribed intermittent bouts of brief exercise in response to nicotine cravings, despite evidence suggesting its potential efficacy as a cessation tool.
T101 207994-208156 Sentence denotes This randomized controlled trial attempts to replace smoking with exercise when cravings arise among generally healthy, inactive adult smokers who desire to quit.
T102 208157-208375 Sentence denotes The first wave of participants (N=26; mean age 42.4[12.2] years; 50% female) were randomly assigned to a standard care Internet group (n=13) or an Internet+ exercise group (n=13) for the three-month intervention phase.
T103 208376-208486 Sentence denotes The attrition rate (34.6%) was comparable to other smoking cessation trials and did not differ between groups.
T104 208487-208725 Sentence denotes Self-reported quit rates among retained (29.4%) and total enrolled (19.2%) participants were higher than and comparable to, respectively, those attained by trials using traditional quit assist methods such as nicotine replacement therapy.
T105 208726-208820 Sentence denotes Reduction rates among retained (49%) and total enrolled (37.4%) participants were substantial.
T106 208821-208971 Sentence denotes Quit rates did not differ between groups, but reduction rates were twice as high among participants in the control (52%) vs. intervention (26%) group.
T107 208972-209259 Sentence denotes From baseline to post-intervention, mean FTND scores ( Preliminary results from the first wave of participants in this lowcost, web-based trial are comparable to more resource-and timeconsuming cessation programs, suggesting that future iterations of this program may be quite promising.
T108 209260-209475 Sentence denotes Further analyses will examine the potential roles of exercise adherence, selfmonitoring adherence, and self-efficacy, among other variables, in the smoking cessation and reduction rates associated with this program.
T109 209476-209644 Sentence denotes With growing number of people diagnosed with diabetes, there is a lack of diabetic control among people with diabetes in Malaysia and we need to understand why this is.
T110 209645-209863 Sentence denotes This study set out to explore the perspectives of patients' management of Type 2 diabetes and provide recommendations that aim to enhance adherence to treatment and help patients to improve their selfmanagement skills.
T111 209864-209978 Sentence denotes In-depth interviews were carried out on a purposeful sample of patients and their health care professional (HCPs).
T112 209979-210128 Sentence denotes Interviews were recorded, transcribed and audiotapes were analysed using NVivo software to identify emerging themes and code according to categories.
T113 210129-210266 Sentence denotes Interviews were conducted in an Endocrinology clinic in Malaysia with 18 Malay patients (15-75 years, 9 males and 9 females) and 13 HCPs.
T114 210267-210454 Sentence denotes Themes that emerged from interviews with patients' were problems with integrating the treatment regimen and difficulty developing coping skills to achieve the desired blood glucose level.
T115 210455-210597 Sentence denotes Patients lacked knowledge about their medicines, dietary control, medicine taking, complexities of treatment, and side effects of medications.
T116 210598-210756 Sentence denotes They needed to integrate many treatment requirements such as diet, medications, blood glucose monitoring and exercise into their daily routine posed problems.
T117 210757-210890 Sentence denotes Other barriers such as ethnicity, beliefs (culture and financial) proved to be constraints in their ability to good control diabetes.
T118 210891-211037 Sentence denotes Education and knowledge related to diabetes that influenced understanding of the disease were also reasons for non-adherence to treatment regimen.
T119 211038-211176 Sentence denotes According to pharmacists, patients' ethnicity and education level played a substantial role in their attitudes toward diabetes management.
T120 211177-211293 Sentence denotes Their beliefs, cultural and social needs shaped their attitudes in controlling or adherence to treatment management.
T121 211294-211446 Sentence denotes Patients were willing to discuss their problems about self-managing diabetes if these barriers were addressed during consultations with the pharmacists.
T122 211447-211765 Sentence denotes More positive approaches are needed in self-management of diabetes and health care professionals involved in the management of diabetes need to understand their patients' beliefs about their diabetes and their constraints to promote more awareness and to foster greater control of diabetes and improve health outcomes.
T123 211766-211911 Sentence denotes Most major chronic diseases are caused by more than one behavioral risk factor and risk factors additively contribute to morbidity and mortality.
T124 211912-212039 Sentence denotes Risk behaviors also tend to co-occur, but data on the prevalence of co-occurring mental and behavioral risk factors are scarce.
T125 212040-212093 Sentence denotes Most prevalence reports focus on single risk factors.
T126 212094-212353 Sentence denotes Better understanding the co-occurrence of risk factors, however, could help inform the feasibility and design of multiple risk factor (MRF) interventions, which potentially can be more cost-effective than delivering interventions targeted at single behaviors.
T127 212354-212537 Sentence denotes We report on the co-occurrence of three primary disease risk factors (depression, low physical activity, and smoking) in a representative health plan population (n=66,901) in the U.S.
T128 212538-212556 Sentence denotes Pacific Northwest.
T129 212557-212651 Sentence denotes Data was collected during an online health risk assessment offered to all health plan members.
T130 212652-212716 Sentence denotes Twothirds of respondents (66.6%) were female and 86% were white.
T131 212717-212739 Sentence denotes Mean age was 47 years.
T132 212740-212898 Sentence denotes Approximately 9% reported current smoking, 8.2% were moderate to severely depressed based on the PHQ-8, and 24.5% reported low physical activity per the IPAQ.
T133 212899-213061 Sentence denotes While 33.1% of smokers had low physical activity and 18.8% reported significant depressive symptoms, the overall prevalence of all three behaviors was much lower.
T134 213062-213292 Sentence denotes As a proportion of the entire sample, <2% (n=1089) met criteria for smoking and depression; 2.5% (n=1695) met criteria for smoking and low physical activity; and 3.2% (n=2137) met criteria for depression and low physical activity.
T135 213293-213350 Sentence denotes Fewer (0.6%; n=405) met criteria for all three behaviors.
T136 213351-213406 Sentence denotes The results highlight a challenge of MRF interventions.
T137 213407-213561 Sentence denotes While many people report single risk factors, far fewer meet criteria for MRF's, even for common risk factors such as smoking, depression, and inactivity.
T138 213562-213706 Sentence denotes Given this, MRF interventions may need to be easily disseminable across large populations in order to be cost-effective and have maximum impact.
T139 213707-213768 Sentence denotes Implications for MRF treatment design will also be discussed.
T140 213769-213782 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T141 213783-214050 Sentence denotes The theoretical framework of Raghubir and Menon (2005) suggests that intention to behave in the future will be more favourable when individuals recall positive experiences and these experiences are easy to retrieve (such as when experiences occur on a regular basis).
T142 214051-214349 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to verify if perceived regularity in the adoption of behaviour adds to the prediction of intention, taking into account the constructs of the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) and constructs of other relevant social cognitive theories that aim to explain intention.
T143 214350-214357 Sentence denotes Method:
T144 214358-214760 Sentence denotes This is a descriptive correlational design in which 385 college students in Quebec (Canada) volunteered to complete a self-administered questionnaire measuring psychosocial constructs (intention, attitude, subjective norm, descriptive norm, perceived behavioural control, self-efficacy) regarding the consumption of at least five portions of vegetables and fruit every day during the next three months.
T145 214761-214878 Sentence denotes Consumption of vegetables and fruit in the last seven days and the regularity of this consumption were also measured.
T146 214879-214890 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T147 214891-215080 Sentence denotes We previously showed that a single intervention session had large effects on the objectively assessed walking behavior of N=130 English adult volunteers (d=0.90), mediated by self-efficacy.
T148 215081-215404 Sentence denotes The present research aims to establish (a) whether this effect is generalisable (when delivered by a different person (namely the second author), and (b) whether either of the motivational or volitional components of the intervention are alone sufficient to alter walking behaviour, or whether both components are required.
T149 215405-215413 Sentence denotes Methods:
T150 215414-215845 Sentence denotes Adult volunteers (n=35) randomly received one of three interventions: (i) a "combined" intervention containing motivational and volitional components in the same session, (ii) a "motivation first" intervention, where the motivational components were followed by volitional components a week later, and (iii) a "volition first" intervention, where the volitional components were followed by the motivational components a week later.
T151 215846-215854 Sentence denotes Results:
T152 215855-216042 Sentence denotes The "combined" intervention produced a large (d=1.06) and significant (p=0.036) increase in walking behavior, in contrast to both other interventions (time x groups interaction, p=0.003).
T153 216043-216166 Sentence denotes The "combined" intervention also produced a significant increase in self-efficacy, relative to the two other interventions.
T154 216167-216179 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T155 216180-216363 Sentence denotes This demonstrates generalisability of previous large intervention effects and suggests that neither the motivational nor volitional components appear to work effectively in isolation.
T156 216364-216474 Sentence denotes Behavioral medicine , it is said, as Ebbinghous stated about psychology (( has along past but short history)).
T157 216475-216633 Sentence denotes Behavioral medicine has been defined as interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral & medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health & disease.
T158 216634-217329 Sentence denotes In Libya behavioral medicine is a pretty unknown field of knowledge and as has been defined here is not exist due to many and multiple factors, therefore it is not surprising that you would not find a teaching curriculum in medical schools for psychology or behavioral medicine at any university in Libya before 1988, we can say that the teaching of behavioral sciences started in 1988 in the faculty of medicine in Tripoli, University of Al-Fatah as apart of the community medicine course and is taught in the fourth year. in the faculty of medicine in Benghazi ,psychology was part of pre medical curriculum but behavioral medicine taught in the 4th year as apart of community medicine course.
T159 217330-217600 Sentence denotes In this paper. the author highlight the historical development of behavioral medicine and behavioral sciences in Libyan medical schools and suggestion to include behavior medicine in the Libyan medical curriculum which should be a compulsory and not an optional subject.
T160 217601-217944 Sentence denotes The main objective and the primary massage of this paper is to emphasize that modern and successful physicians needs two types of knowledge To date, there has been no shared language for describing the content, especially the 'active ingredients' of behavior change interventions; by contrast, biomedical interventions are precisely specified.
T161 217945-218103 Sentence denotes This limits the possibility of replicating effective interventions, synthesising evidence, and understanding the causal mechanisms underlying behavior change.
T162 218104-218285 Sentence denotes Our ultimate aim is to develop a reliable method of specifying behavior change techniques (BCTs), link them to relevant theory and specify the behaviors necessary to implement them.
T163 218286-218462 Sentence denotes In several stages, we have generated lists of BCT labels based on a) systematic reviews of behavior change interventions b) systematic text-book search c) expert brainstorming.
T164 218463-218679 Sentence denotes We have generated definitions a) from 9 textbooks, b) from dictionaries (including APA Dictionary of Psychology) and c) by reframing to specify the behavioral competencies required of the person implementing the BCT.
T165 218680-218693 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T166 218694-218796 Sentence denotes Non-communicable diseases are increasing in developing countries, exacerbated by growing urbanization.
T167 218797-218949 Sentence denotes Contributory factors include limited access to affordable healthy food, readily available cheap unhealthy foods and limited scope for physical activity.
T168 218950-219002 Sentence denotes Also significant are cultural beliefs and practices.
T169 219003-219207 Sentence denotes This study examined the experiences and perceptions of people migrating from rural to urban areas in Cape Town, South Africa, and the impact these have had on the risk factors of noncommunicable diseases.
T170 219208-219216 Sentence denotes Methods:
T171 219217-219353 Sentence denotes The setting is an impoverished peri-urban township with a non-communicable disease prevention program that includes weekly health clubs.
T172 219354-219435 Sentence denotes The program was initiated by a local university that also undertook the research.
T173 219436-219533 Sentence denotes A qualitative approach was adopted, using a purposive sample of club members and nonclub members.
T174 219534-219635 Sentence denotes Data was collected through in-depth interviews, participatory reflection and focus group discussions.
T175 219636-219644 Sentence denotes Results:
T176 219645-219783 Sentence denotes Significant changes in respondents' eating patterns and levels of physical activity were described, with accompanying increase in obesity.
T177 219784-219850 Sentence denotes This was due to both socio-economic and environmental constraints.
T178 219851-219915 Sentence denotes However, the respondents were not concerned about these changes.
T179 219916-219989 Sentence denotes Despite many hardships, they were pleased with their new urban lifestyle.
T180 219990-220085 Sentence denotes Furthermore, they approved of their weight gain as culturally it signified dignity and respect.
T181 220086-220183 Sentence denotes Those attending health clubs found them both informative and socially and emotionally supportive.
T182 220184-220195 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T183 220196-220504 Sentence denotes The study highlighted the complexity of the risk factors of non-communicable diseases, and the importance of developing prevention strategies that extend beyond the traditional lifestyle approach that focus on diet and exercise. , 1995) , and depressive symptoms among Japanese college students was examined.
T184 220505-220645 Sentence denotes SC was defined as a function of both the number of self-aspects and the degree to which the self-aspects are differentiated from each other.
T185 220646-220895 Sentence denotes Linville (1987) has suggested that high self-complexity serves as a buffer against the onset of depressive symptoms following negative events because it partly determines the impact of such events on thoughts and feelings about various self-aspects.
T186 220896-221000 Sentence denotes Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=20) or the control group (n=20).
T187 221001-221290 Sentence denotes The intervention group received one session of psycho-education on SC and a paper-and-pencil exercise designed to calculate the number of their self-aspects (social roles, interpersonal relationships, activities, traits, etc.) and to evaluate each self-aspect using an adjective checklist.
T188 221291-221388 Sentence denotes After the education and exercise, daily records of their self-aspects were assigned for one week.
T189 221389-221486 Sentence denotes Selfreported questionnaires were completed three times in both groups (pre, post, and follow-up).
T190 221487-221656 Sentence denotes The questionnaire was comprised of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.
T191 221657-221897 Sentence denotes SC, P-SC, and N-SC, which were assessed using H, a statistical measure of dispersion that represents number of independent dimensions underlying a given trait-sorting, were measured by Linville's (1987) and Sato's (1999) trait sorting task.
T192 221898-222026 Sentence denotes The Research Ethics Committee of the Hiroshima University Graduate School of Education reviewed and approved the study protocol.
T193 222027-222221 Sentence denotes In the intervention group, the analysis of variance indicated that P-SC was significantly increased at the post-test and marginally increased at the follow-up test when compared to the pre-test.
T194 222222-222289 Sentence denotes No significant differences in P-SC were found in the control group.
T195 222290-222471 Sentence denotes Structured equation modeling revealed that in the intervention group, high P-SC at the post-test was related to lower levels of a depressed mood at the post-test and follow-up test.
T196 222472-222598 Sentence denotes Results demonstrate that this program increases P-SC, which might ameliorate subsequent depressed mood among college students.
T197 222599-222607 Sentence denotes Results:
T198 222608-222811 Sentence denotes Based on the short questionnaire, the main lifestyle problems identified were: insufficient levels of leisure time physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and insufficient intake of fruit and vegetables.
T199 222812-222935 Sentence denotes Using information from both literature and FG interviews, vitality appears to consist of a mental and a physical component.
T200 222936-223163 Sentence denotes The interviewees suggested to improve the mental component of vitality by means of relaxation exercises (eg. yoga); physical vitality could be improved by aerobic exercises involving aerobic endurance, strength and flexibility.
T201 223164-223423 Sentence denotes Based on the information mentioned above, the intervention will consist of three visits to a Personal Vitality Coach combined with a Vitality Exercise Programme, consisting of supervised yoga and an aerobic workout, each once per week, and lasting 45 minutes.
T202 223424-223513 Sentence denotes Moreover, fruit will be offered at the workplace to meet the recommended intake of fruit.
T203 223514-223525 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T204 223526-223655 Sentence denotes The lifestyle intervention will be evaluated in a RCT among 698 older workers of two major academic hospitals in the Netherlands.
T205 223656-223801 Sentence denotes The aim of our research is to study the psychical health state of the Romanian adults in three counties placed in the middle part of the country.
T206 223802-223892 Sentence denotes We also have followed the lifestyle and the role of some psychological and social factors.
T207 223893-224010 Sentence denotes The study is based on a complex questionnaire, which was completed by a representative sample among adult population.
T208 224011-224149 Sentence denotes After our results depression is the most common psychical illness with 9,1% diagnosis, but in much higher rate exists depressive symptoms.
T209 224150-224302 Sentence denotes According to Beck score, it was established a significant difference in the favour of female, elderly people, lower educational level, urban population.
T210 224303-224375 Sentence denotes The percentage of suicide attempt among the studied population was 2,9%.
T211 224376-224504 Sentence denotes According to WHO Positive life quality test, in two-third majority the adult population consider that it is psychically healthy.
T212 224505-224679 Sentence denotes In our study it is underlined the role of religious feelings and the importance of health promotion and education to improve the psychical living standards of the population.
T213 224680-224900 Sentence denotes Malaria is an excellent exemplar for a risk reduction intervention due to geographic fluctuations in its transmission range, lifethreatening consequences, and the vital need for adherence to personal protection measures.
T214 224901-225033 Sentence denotes This study compared three versions of a web-based game targeting the malaria risk reduction decisionmaking of study abroad students.
T215 225034-225210 Sentence denotes This population is in jeopardy due to the rapid expansion of programs in malaria endemic regions and the low level of acquired immunity and malaria knowledge among US citizens.
T216 225211-225351 Sentence denotes Constructs from the self-regulation model and the cognitive theory of multimedia learning informed the creation and evaluation of this game.
T217 225352-225625 Sentence denotes A three-condition experimental design was used to compare feedback strategies for game decisions: baseline corrective (right/wrong) feedback and explanatory feedback that is either provided automatically with each decision or only when players click on a link to access it.
T218 225626-225698 Sentence denotes Primary outcome measures were malaria knowledge and player satisfaction.
T219 225699-225805 Sentence denotes Study abroad email lists at seven Midwestern campuses were used to recruit participants without incentive.
T220 225806-226008 Sentence denotes Of the 1428 participants who entered the study protocol and were randomly assigned to condition, 918 (64%) completed the pre-survey, 540 (38%) completed the game, and 482 (34%) completed the postsurvey.
T221 226009-226170 Sentence denotes Only the automatically provided explanatory feedback condition produced a significantly higher knowledge score on the post-test when adjusted for pre-test score.
T222 226171-226357 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences in player satisfaction between the three feedback conditions, while 65% of participants rated game satisfaction as 'very' to 'extremely' satisfying.
T223 226358-226498 Sentence denotes Analysis of secondary outcome measures suggests that students prefer simplicity and efficiency within this interactive learning environment.
T224 226499-226596 Sentence denotes Future research will examine the impact of a risk reduction game intervention on actual behavior.
T225 226597-226610 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T226 226611-226720 Sentence denotes Today it is important to maintain and promote mental health, since we are facing a lot of stress experiences.
T227 226721-226821 Sentence denotes Acupuncture and moxibustion are closely related to behavioral medicine based on preventive medicine.
T228 226822-227022 Sentence denotes Acupuncture and moxibustion medicine include diagnostic systems which enable us to detect sophisticated changes of the body and the mind as abnormalities of the meridians from a phase of pre-sickness.
T229 227023-227194 Sentence denotes This study examined relationships between acupuncture and moxibustion medical assessments and perceived mental health states using subscores of Cornell Medical Index(CMI).
T230 227195-227293 Sentence denotes The CMI used widely in the world was selected as the medical and psychiatric health questionnaire.
T231 227294-227301 Sentence denotes Method:
T232 227302-227368 Sentence denotes 235 healthy volunteer college students participated in this study.
T233 227369-227503 Sentence denotes The cervical meridian test was introduced as a medical diagnosis of acupuncture and moxibustion which is easy to estimate objectively.
T234 227504-227702 Sentence denotes Subjects were asked whether they felt pain, stretched feeling, dullness or malaise when they flex the neck backward, right side, left side, or forward , as well as perceived mental health using CMI.
T235 227703-227845 Sentence denotes We compared to mental health related symptoms between individuals with and without perceived pain or stretching by the cervical meridian test.
T236 227846-227854 Sentence denotes Results:
T237 227855-228047 Sentence denotes Individuals with such feelings by flexing the neck forward and with such feelings by flexing the neck right and left sides tended to show higher most of scores on mental health related scores.
T238 228048-228152 Sentence denotes Those with such feelings by flexing the neck backward tended to indicate higher scores on all subscores.
T239 228153-228164 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T240 228165-228294 Sentence denotes The cervical meridian test induced "pain"or "stretched feeling" and reflected perceived sensitively reflect mental health states.
T241 228295-228394 Sentence denotes Acupuncture and moxibustion medical assessment can successfully be applied to mental health domain.
T242 228395-228555 Sentence denotes Graduate school of Human Sciences, Waseda university, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan and 2 Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda university, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
T243 228556-228567 Sentence denotes Background:
T244 228568-228684 Sentence denotes Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are increasingly used for self-medication, but such products are subject to misuse.
T245 228685-228860 Sentence denotes Although it is suggested that psychological factors may play a role in OTC drug misuse, the main factors that might be associated with one's manner of drug intake are unknown.
T246 228861-228871 Sentence denotes Objective:
T247 228872-229055 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to explore the illness perceptions and beliefs about taking OTC medicines and to investigate the differences between users and misusers of OTC medicines.
T248 229056-229063 Sentence denotes Method:
T249 229064-229137 Sentence denotes The subjects were 108 undergraduate students (age mean=20.27, S.D.=1.67).
T250 229138-229350 Sentence denotes They retrospectively completed selfreport measures addressing (a) illness perceptions, (b) beliefs about taking OTC medicines, (c) how to take OTC medicines, (d) common cold symptoms, and (e) frequency of intake.
T251 229351-229358 Sentence denotes Result:
T252 229359-229741 Sentence denotes The analysis of covariance indicated that misuse of OTC medicines was related to an individual's perceptions that concern consequences of illness Breakups are usually distressing and generate different consequences (emotional, cognitive, behavioral and physiological) that can be associated to poor social relationships, physical/mental disorders and may eventually lead to suicide.
T253 229742-229876 Sentence denotes The dissolution of a relationship implies a transitional crisis and is considered a relational loss that generates a grieving process.
T254 229877-230037 Sentence denotes After breaking up with someone, the person must achieve mourning tasks, redefine the relationship, rebuild self-esteem and readjust to adaptive social patterns.
T255 230038-230310 Sentence denotes A workshop was designed for vulnerable people, who had been detected with the Detection Questionnaire of Feelings, Emotions and Consequences of Loss (de la Serna, 2009), as a psychotherapeutic approach towards the mourning-task following the dissolution of a relationship.
T256 230311-230478 Sentence denotes This study consisted of a preexperimental pretest-postest design with 7 participants, all female students aged between 18 and 26 in a public University in Mexico City.
T257 230479-230850 Sentence denotes The workshop consisted of 10 weekly sessions in which theoretical information and cognitive-behavioral strategies (cognitive restructuring, training in social skills and problem solving) were taught in order to help participants understand their loss, work their grief and increase their self esteem and assertiveness in order to establish healthier social relationships.
T258 230851-231012 Sentence denotes Three instruments were used for pre-post evaluation of the workshop and statistically significant differences (p≤.10) were obtained indicating its effectiveness.
T259 231013-231187 Sentence denotes Mourning tasks were achieved with significant results in both sections of the detection questionnaire: feelings/emotions (t=2.012; p=.091) and consequences (t=4.621; p=.004).
T260 231188-231338 Sentence denotes Significant differences (t=−3.746; p=.010) were also found in the Self Esteem Scale (Reidl, 2005) indicating an increase in participants' self esteem.
T261 231339-231594 Sentence denotes Finally, assertive behavior also showed significant differences in the Assertion Inventory (Gambrill & Richey, 1975) with a decrease in the degree of discomfort (t=5.024; p=.002) and an increase in the probability responding assertively (t=3.533; p=.012).
T262 231595-231606 Sentence denotes Background:
T263 231607-231731 Sentence denotes Managing stress on a population basis is one of the promising approaches to enhancing health and reducing health care costs.
T264 231732-231760 Sentence denotes This study are aims twofold.
T265 231761-231951 Sentence denotes First, it is to translate and modify a transtheoretical model (TTM)-based stress management program developed originally for the US population for use in a different cultural context, Japan.
T266 231952-232155 Sentence denotes Second, it is to report on 6-month outcomes of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) of this TTM-based stress management program from Pro-Change Behavior Systems, Inc., West Kingston, RI, using the internet.
T267 232156-232164 Sentence denotes Methods:
T268 232165-232320 Sentence denotes We translated and modified Pro-Change TTM-based stress management intervention program into Japanese and adapted it for use in a Japanese cultural setting.
T269 232321-232601 Sentence denotes Stage-based expert systems were applied to reduce stress and enhance effective stress management behavior which is defined as setting aside approximately 20 min each day for a healthy activity such as talking with others, physical activity, or regular relaxation to manage stress.
T270 232602-232983 Sentence denotes 456 university students were randomly allocated to either using the TTM self-help stage-based workbook for stress management followed by three individualized minimum reports at 0, 3 and 6 month) (i.e., workbook + feedback group) or the workbook followed by the same 3 individualized reports plus detailed prescriptions for processes of change (i.e., workbook + prescription group).
T271 232984-232992 Sentence denotes Results:
T272 232993-233368 Sentence denotes Results indicate that the stage-matched self-help learning for effective stress management behaviours followed by stagebased expert systems had significant effects on stress alleviation and progression of stage for stress management behaviours in both groups, irrespective of with and without individualized and tailored prescription for processes of change feedback reports.
T273 233369-233381 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T274 233382-233612 Sentence denotes Stage-matched TTM expert systems for self-help stress management behaviour workbook can reduce stress for students irrespective of with and without individualized and tailored prescription for processes of change feedback reports.
T275 233613-233750 Sentence denotes This study confirmed the long-term positive effects of this modified TTM-based stress management program in a different cultural context.
T276 233751-233875 Sentence denotes Non-adherence to medication prescription is a serious problem in many chronic illnesses that require long-lasting treatment.
T277 233876-234106 Sentence denotes There is considerable research showing that multiple factors such as patient's characteristics (e.g., age), medication related aspects (e.g., side effects) as well as environmental factors (e.g., availability) do affect adherence.
T278 234107-234247 Sentence denotes In addition, the self-regulatory theory underlines the importance of subjective perceptions and beliefs guiding individual coping behaviour.
T279 234248-234398 Sentence denotes The symposium addresses the interaction of illness perceptions and of treatment related beliefs with adherence to treatment from various perspectives.
T280 234399-234631 Sentence denotes First, Nestoriuc et al. (1) (3) suggest that medication beliefs are associated with the intake of antihypertensive eye drops in patients with glaucoma, whereas illness perceptions do not additionally explain the degree of adherence.
T281 234632-234863 Sentence denotes As both, the efficacy of a medication and patient adherence to the therapeutic regiment, influence the effectiveness of a treatment, it appears necessary to improve adherence in many illnesses, e. g. by psychological interventions.
T282 234864-235044 Sentence denotes Petrie et al. (4) suggest a brief and economic intervention -a tailored text message programme -to change patients' illness perceptions with the aim to improve treatment adherence.
T283 235045-235110 Sentence denotes Their controlled trial show promising results in asthma patients.
T284 235111-235285 Sentence denotes Based on the presentations the symposium will offer a discussion about present evidence and perspectives regarding the role of patients' beliefs and perceptions on adherence.
T285 235286-235297 Sentence denotes Background:
T286 235298-235459 Sentence denotes While effective preventative medication is readily available in asthma, adherence is a major problem due to patients' beliefs about their illness and medication.
T287 235460-235612 Sentence denotes Many non-adherent patients are reluctant to take their preventer inhaler when they are not experiencing symptoms and have concerns about their inhalers.
T288 235613-235617 Sentence denotes Aim:
T289 235618-235761 Sentence denotes We investigated whether a text message programme targeted at changing patients' illness perceptions would improve adherence in asthma patients.
T290 235762-235770 Sentence denotes Methods:
T291 235771-235897 Sentence denotes 212 patients aged between 16 and 45 on asthma medication were recruited from medication package inserts and health web groups.
T292 235898-236038 Sentence denotes Participants were randomized to receive individually tailored text messages based on their belief profile over 18 weeks or no text messages.
T293 236039-236137 Sentence denotes The type and number of text messages designed to promote beliefs associated with higher adherence.
T294 236138-236221 Sentence denotes Adherence rates were assessed by phone calls to participants at 6, 12 and 18 weeks.
T295 236222-236230 Sentence denotes Results:
T296 236231-236340 Sentence denotes Overall adherence levels at baseline were low at 46% with only 12% taking over 80% of their prescribed doses.
T297 236341-236523 Sentence denotes The data showed the targeted text group significantly improved adherence over the follow-up period compared to the control group with a relative average increase in adherence of 17%.
T298 236524-236682 Sentence denotes The percentage taking over 80% of prescribed inhaler doses over the follow-up period increased by 20% in the intervention group compared to the control group.
T299 236683-236695 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T300 236696-236849 Sentence denotes A targeted text message programme increases adherence to asthma preventer inhaler and may be useful for other illnesses where adherence is a major issue.
T301 236850-236861 Sentence denotes Background:
T302 236862-236972 Sentence denotes Non-adherence to immunosuppressant medications can contribute to medical complications in transplant patients.
T303 236973-237203 Sentence denotes A recent pilot study showed that non-adherence is associated with liver transplant patients' beliefs that that the transplant has severe consequences and is distressing, as well as concerns about the harmful effects of medication.
T304 237204-237208 Sentence denotes Aim:
T305 237209-237390 Sentence denotes This study aimed to investigate associations between illness perceptions, medication beliefs, and adherence in liver transplant patients, extending previous work to a larger sample.
T306 237391-237398 Sentence denotes Method:
T307 237399-237462 Sentence denotes 193 liver transplant patients completed a postal questionnaire.
T308 237463-237571 Sentence denotes Adherence was assessed using self reports (Immunosuppressant Therapy Adherence Instrument) and blood assays.
T309 237572-237695 Sentence denotes Perceptions were assessed using the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, and the Beliefs about Medication Questionnaire.
T310 237696-237704 Sentence denotes Results:
T311 237705-237763 Sentence denotes 50% of the sample self-reported some form of nonadherence.
T312 237764-238085 Sentence denotes Lower self-reported adherence was associated with lower education, lower beliefs about medication necessity, higher beliefs that medication was harmful, and had adverse effects, lower beliefs that immunosuppressants could prevent rejection, poorer understanding of the transplant, and higher distress about the condition.
T313 238086-238260 Sentence denotes A higher percentage of drug test levels below the therapeutic range was associated with less time since transplant, and lower beliefs that medication could prevent rejection.
T314 238261-238272 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T315 238273-238510 Sentence denotes This research provides further evidence that illness perceptions and medication beliefs are associated with non- Non-Adherence with intraocular pressure lowering eye drops is an important risk factor for going blind in glaucoma patients.
T316 238511-238669 Sentence denotes Previous research evidenced a relationship between adherence to treatment and patients' illness and treatment related beliefs in a range of chronic illnesses.
T317 238670-238681 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T318 238682-238886 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between illness perceptions according to the "common sense model of self-regulation", medication beliefs, and adherence in subjects with glaucoma.
T319 238887-238895 Sentence denotes Methods:
T320 238896-239211 Sentence denotes 145 glaucoma patients with a mean age of 64 (SD= 12.7) completed a standardised questionnaire containing the revised Illness Perception Questionnaire [IPQ-R] , the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire [BMQ] , the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale [ARMS] and a visual analogue scale on adherence [VAS-AD] .
T321 239212-239295 Sentence denotes Clinical characteristics (e. g., ophthalmologic examination results) were recorded.
T322 239296-239304 Sentence denotes Results:
T323 239305-239410 Sentence denotes Unlike the expectation illness perceptions and disease severity indices did not correlate with adherence.
T324 239411-239626 Sentence denotes Lower selfreported adherence was associated with the intensity of side effects and the medication related beliefs "General Harm", "General Benefit", "Specific Necessity", "Specific Concerns" [ARMS/ VAS-AD; p's<.05].
T325 239627-239863 Sentence denotes Multivariate analysis showed that the beliefs about medicines provide a useful model (R2=.14; F=3.9; p<.01) to predict eye drop taking behaviour with the two specific belief dimensions having the strongest predictive power (β=−.21/.21).
T326 239864-239876 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T327 239877-239989 Sentence denotes This study suggests that beliefs about medicines seem to be useful predictors of adherence in glaucoma patients.
T328 239990-240058 Sentence denotes By contrast the illness perceptions do not seem to affect adherence.
T329 240059-240170 Sentence denotes The reasons for this result may lie in special characteristics of glaucoma and/ or the assessment methods used.
T330 240171-240299 Sentence denotes The relevance of patients' beliefs will be discussed in the context of further factors impairing adherence in glaucoma patients.
T331 240300-240401 Sentence denotes Individual treatment perceptions are relevant for the self-regulation of health and illness behavior.
T332 240402-240556 Sentence denotes In people with chronic illnesses, beliefs about medicines have been shown to influence patients' treatment decisions, adherence and side effect reporting.
T333 240557-240650 Sentence denotes However, to interpret these results epidemiologic data about medication beliefs is essential.
T334 240651-240769 Sentence denotes In this study, a German translation of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) was psychometrically evaluated.
T335 240770-240923 Sentence denotes A representative sample of the German population (N= 2512) was screened for medication use, adherence, generic side effects, and beliefs about medicines.
T336 240924-241053 Sentence denotes Reference scores for beliefs about medicines from the general population were calculated and compared for different drug classes.
T337 241054-241142 Sentence denotes Moreover, to investigate criterion validity their influence on adherence was determined.
T338 241143-241248 Sentence denotes A principal component analyses with oblique factors confirmed the original 6 factor structure of the BMQ.
T339 241249-241356 Sentence denotes Further psychometric analyses revealed moderate to high internal consistencies and good construct validity.
T340 241357-241554 Sentence denotes In a stepwise linear multiple regression, adherence was significantly predicted by participants' age, sex, current medication, side effects, and beliefs about medicines (adjusted r 2 =.25, p<.001).
T341 241555-241755 Sentence denotes Specifically, beliefs about medicines explained an additional significant proportion of 20% of variance, after controlling for relevant demographic characteristics, medication intake and side effects.
T342 241756-241890 Sentence denotes The German version of the BMQ is a reliable and valid self rating instrument for the assessment of peoples' perceptions of medication.
T343 241891-242096 Sentence denotes Adherence in the general population is determined by sociodemographic characteristics, current medication intake, experienced side effects, and to a unique and substantial proportion by medication beliefs.
T344 242097-242263 Sentence denotes Several behavioral intervention studies for coronary artery disease (CAD) have been published during the last decade in Belgium, Canada, Sweden and the United States.
T345 242264-242362 Sentence denotes Many of the studies focused upon reducing CAD risk in patients already showing CAD manifestations.
T346 242363-242647 Sentence denotes Hans-Christian Deter will examine the rationale and targets of the new German SPIRR-CAD trial, which is a combined psychodynamic and cognitive behavior group therapy intervention aimed at decreasing depressive symptoms, Type D behavior and CAD risk profile and events in CAD patients.
T347 242648-242907 Sentence denotes Manfred Beutel will describe the diagnostic and therapeutic processes involved as well as the psychological quality management program used to insure a high quality of comparable intervention fidelity at the 10 centers collecting data in this SPIRR-CAD trial.
T348 242908-243188 Sentence denotes Kristina Orth-Gomér will discuss the reduced mortality produced by psychosocial intervention in the Stockholm Women Intervention Trial for Coronary Heart Disease (SWITCHD) and how tailoring the intervention to the gender related needs of women may have contributed to the outcome.
T349 243189-243452 Sentence denotes Neil Schneiderman will then describe biological and behavioral factors that appear to have been involved in those randomized controlled trials that have successfully used psychosocial interventions to reduce the recurrence of major adverse coronary events (MACE).
T350 243453-243969 Sentence denotes University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany; 2 U Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany; 3 U Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany; 4 U Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; 5 Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; 6 Dresden U, Dresden, Germany; 7 Kerckhoff Reha Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany; 8 U Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; 9 TU München, München, Germany; 10 U Clinic Dresden, Dresden, Germany; 11 Clinic Nord Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany and 12 U Clinic Göttingen and the SPIRR-CAD-study group, Göttingen, Germany.
T1 243970-244033 Sentence denotes Depressive symptoms are highly relevant in patients with (CAD).
T2 244034-244117 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, recent psychotherapy trials showed only small effects on depression.
T3 244118-244222 Sentence denotes However, combined treatment may be more efficacious than a behavioural or interpersonal treatment alone.
T4 244223-244405 Sentence denotes In our new multicenter trial, funded by the German Research Foundation, we address negative affectivity and social inhibition in addition to depression to enhance treatment efficacy.
T5 244406-244569 Sentence denotes Men and women (n=569, age 18-75 y) with HADS depression scores >7 hospitalized for any manifestation of CAD, are randomized into the intervention or control group.
T6 244570-244682 Sentence denotes Initially, patients in intervention receive 3 sessions of supportive individual psychotherapy on a weekly basis.
T7 244683-244893 Sentence denotes After reevaluation of depression 4 weeks after inclusion, patients with persisting symptoms of depression receive 25 sessions of combined psychodynamic and group cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) over 10 months.
T8 244894-244945 Sentence denotes The control group receives one counselling session.
T9 244946-244993 Sentence denotes Routine cardiac care is offered to both groups.
T10 244994-245082 Sentence denotes Primary efficacy endpoint is change from baseline to year 1 in HADS depressive symptoms.
T11 245083-245358 Sentence denotes Secondary endpoints include remission of depression, Type D pattern, health-related quality of life, cardiovascular risk profile, neuroendocrine and inflammatory activation, heart rate variability, cardiac events, and health care utilization, up to 24 months after inclusion.
T12 245359-245452 Sentence denotes Preplanned subgroup analyses will assess gender, and genetic predictors of treatment success.
T13 245453-245844 Sentence denotes Psychosomatic Clinic, U Medicine, Mainz, Germany; 2 Psychosomatics, U Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany; 3 Psychosomatics, U Medical Center, Berlin, Germany; 4 Psychosomatics, U Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; 5 Psychosomatics, Medical School, Hannover, Germany; 6 Psychosomatics, U Clinic Dresden, Dresden, Germany; 7 Psychocardiology, Kerckhoff Reha Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany; 8 Gen.
T14 245845-246178 Sentence denotes Internal and Psychosomatic Med, U Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; 9 Psychosomatics, TU Munich, Munich, Germany; 10 Psychosomatics, U Clinic Dresden, Dresden, Germany; 11 Psychosomatics, Klinikum Nord Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany and 12 Psychosomatics, U Clinic Göttingen on behalf of SPIRR-CAD Study Group, Göttingen, Germany.
T15 246179-246456 Sentence denotes Psychotherapeutic interventions in the SPIRR-CAD trial are characterized by (1) a stepwise combination of individual and group treatment, (2) integration of behavioural skills and education into a psychodynamic group framework focusing on negative affect and social inhibition.
T16 246457-246679 Sentence denotes In order to assure a high quality of comparable interventions at the 10 sites of the multicenter trial, systematic analyses of adherence and competence of therapists are performed on videotape recordings of all treatments.
T17 246680-246812 Sentence denotes Based on rating manuals for psychodynamic and behavioral intervention, specific rating manuals were devised and raters were trained.
T18 246813-246947 Sentence denotes Moderate to good interrater reliabilities were obtained between raters based on 18 randomly selected individual sessions (0.48 -0.69).
T19 246948-247069 Sentence denotes Therapists are trained according to manual, undergo regular supervision and obtain written feedback on their performance.
T20 247070-247118 Sentence denotes One out of two individual sessions is evaluated.
T21 247119-247210 Sentence denotes Out of 25 group sessions, 3 are randomly selected from early, middle and termination phase.
T22 247211-247343 Sentence denotes According to preliminary results, adherence and competence are unrelated to the helping alliance as judged by patient and therapist.
T23 247344-247457 Sentence denotes Implications for the identification of effective treatment components (e.g. therapist performance) are discussed.
T24 247458-247656 Sentence denotes Stress at work has been shown to influence both incidence and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but psychosocial interventions to reduce stress and CVD have produced inconsistent Results:
T25 247657-247789 Sentence denotes Moreover, meta-analysis has indicated that psychosocial interventions have been more effective in reducing CVD in men than in women.
T26 247790-247887 Sentence denotes One possible explanation is that men and women have different needs in terms of stress reduction.
T27 247888-248130 Sentence denotes Thus, it appears that family problems constitute stronger emotional stressors and provoke more depressive feelings in women than men, and that women, even when working outside the home are more endangered by family stress than by work stress.
T28 248131-248297 Sentence denotes Therefore, the Stockholm Women's Intervention Trial (SWITCHD) was specifically designed to meet the needs of women CVD patients in terms of tailored stress reduction.
T29 248298-248561 Sentence denotes This randomized clinical trial decreased CVD mortality in women receiving the intervention compared to women receiving standard care, providing evidence that an intervention designed to satisfy the gender related needs of women may prolong life in women with CVD.
T30 248562-248795 Sentence denotes Randomized controlled trials (RCT) that have used behavioral interventions designed to reduce morbidity and/or mortality in patients who have had major adverse coronary events (MACE) have reported positive, null and negative Results:
T31 248796-249001 Sentence denotes In general RCT that have been successful used group based interventions, behavior change strategies, at least 20 sessions during the course of a year, and have followed patients for at least several years.
T32 249002-249188 Sentence denotes Some successful studies (e.g., Stockholm Women's Intervention Trial for Coronary Heart Disease: SWITCHD) have employed relaxation training, suggesting that stress reduction is important.
T33 249189-249320 Sentence denotes SWITCHD also found that the interaction between behavioral intervention and the use of statins also appeared to decrease mortality.
T34 249321-249493 Sentence denotes And in research conducted in animals we have found that social affiliation can attenuate the development of atherosclerosis by decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress.
T35 249494-249624 Sentence denotes Because patients with CAD typically are prescribed multiple medications, medication adherence may be a useful intervention target.
T36 249625-249855 Sentence denotes Similarly, because most CAD patients are overweight, physically inactive, and may have metabolic syndrome, behavioral intervention strategies to increase weight loss and improve fitness could be useful for addressing these issues.
T37 249856-250010 Sentence denotes This presentation will compare and contrast RCT in terms of the biological and behavioral bases of the intervention strategies used to treat CAD patients.
T38 250011-250226 Sentence denotes The "hikikomori" (social withdrawal) describes a psychopathological and sociological phenomenon in which people, and especially younger generations, become completely withdrawn from society for six months or longer.
T39 250227-250331 Sentence denotes The "hikikomori" was first reported in Japan, and had been thought as a culture-bounded psychopathology.
T40 250332-250395 Sentence denotes But cases of "hikikomori" were reported also in Oman and Spain.
T41 250396-250627 Sentence denotes Recently, a large-scale community-based epidemiology study in Japan, the World Mental Health Japan Survey, as well as other studies, reported that the prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity, and childhood risk factors of "hikikomiri".
T42 250628-250808 Sentence denotes Also a qualitative study from Hong Kong reported that "hikikomiri" was a psychopathology with difficulties in interacting with others and it was not unique to the Japanese society.
T43 250809-250885 Sentence denotes In this symposium, each speaker will present their recent research findings.
T44 250886-251070 Sentence denotes The advances in epidemiology and qualitative research could provide a new perspective of the nature of "hikikomori" as a unique psychopathology developed in the context of the society.
T45 251071-251174 Sentence denotes In Japanese, Hikikomori are people who voluntarily withdraw into social isolation for over six months .
T46 251175-251266 Sentence denotes Etiology and epidemiology are poorly understood, and evidence for interventions is lacking.
T47 251267-251344 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study is to describe onset and maintenance of hikikomori.
T48 251345-251529 Sentence denotes Direct recruitment, snowballing and participant observation in on-line chat rooms were used to recruit participants and obtain data, which was then subject to grounded theory analysis.
T49 251530-251617 Sentence denotes Of 168 participants several were unconnected with Japan, the oldest being 60 years old.
T50 251618-251698 Sentence denotes Three major themes emerged of hikikomori as passive coping, trust and existence.
T51 251699-251799 Sentence denotes Each theme comprised one or more categories, which in turn evidenced a number of different elements.
T52 251800-251912 Sentence denotes Definitive characteristics of hikikomori were obtained from respondents through virtual participant observation.
T53 251913-252113 Sentence denotes The emergent theoretical framework and the list are mutually supportive in the results obtained from this study, which suggested emotional pain exists in hikikomori in relation to human relationships.
T54 252114-252342 Sentence denotes The results of the present study suggest that hikikomori is characterized by more diffuse features, including difficulties in coping with people or tasks, difficulties with trust, unhappiness about life and poor concept of time.
T55 252343-252573 Sentence denotes There was no evidence of violent or aggressive behaviours.We conclude that Hikikomori is not unique to Japanese youth, but more widespread and diverse anomic coping style for dealing with social disaffection seen cross-culturally.
T56 252574-252579 Sentence denotes Aims:
T57 252580-252726 Sentence denotes Epidemiology of "hikikomori (acute social withdrawal)" in a community population is not clear, although it has been noted for the decade in Japan.
T58 252727-252875 Sentence denotes The objective of this study is to clarify the prevalence of "hikikomori" and to examine the relation between "hikikomori" and psychiatric disorders.
T59 252876-252884 Sentence denotes Methods:
T60 252885-252962 Sentence denotes Face-to-face household survey was conducted of community residents (n=4,134).
T61 252963-253104 Sentence denotes We defined "hikikomori" as a psychopathological phenomenon in which people become completely withdrawn from society for six months or longer.
T62 253105-253196 Sentence denotes We asked all respondents whether they had any children currently experiencing "hikikomori".
T63 253197-253301 Sentence denotes For respondents aged 20-49 years old (n=1,660), we asked whether they had ever experienced "hikikomori".
T64 253302-253385 Sentence denotes Also respondents were asked another question if they had a child with "hikikomori".
T65 253386-253394 Sentence denotes Results:
T66 253395-253458 Sentence denotes A total of 1.2% had experienced "hikikomori" in their lifetime.
T67 253459-253594 Sentence denotes Among them, 54.5% had also experienced a psychiatric (mood, anxiety, impulse control, or substance-related) disorder in their lifetime.
T68 253595-253733 Sentence denotes A total of 78% of the "hikikomori" cases in our study reported that they had felt worried or irritable about their "hikikomori" situation.
T69 253734-253855 Sentence denotes Most of the "hikikomori" cases did not feel the desire to go to work or attend school even if they still had such a duty.
T70 253856-253939 Sentence denotes There was no case in this study who reported violent behaviors during "hikikomori".
T71 253940-254028 Sentence denotes Respondents who experienced "hikikomori" had 6.1 times higher the risk of mood disorder.
T72 254029-254119 Sentence denotes Among respondents, 0.5% currently had at least one child who had experienced "hikikomori".
T73 254120-254237 Sentence denotes On the other hand, about 0.5% of respondents reported that they had a child who had or was experiencing "hikikomori".
T74 254238-254249 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T75 254250-254334 Sentence denotes The study suggests that "hikikomori" is common in the community population in Japan.
T76 254335-254435 Sentence denotes Approximately 232,000 households are estimated to currently have a child with "hikikomori" in Japan.
T77 254436-254780 Sentence denotes While psychiatric disorders were often comorbid with "hikikomori", a half of the cases seem to be the "primary hikikomori" without a comorbid psychiatric disorder. "Hikikomori", a form of social withdrawal among youths who retreat from social interaction for protracted periods of time, is widely acknowledged in Japan and some other countries.
T78 254781-254989 Sentence denotes This study examines childhood adversities and family environments as childhood risk factors for "hikikomori" using the retrospective data derived from a population-based survey, the World Mental Health Japan.
T79 254990-255197 Sentence denotes A random sample of residents aged 20 or older in nine communities in Japan was used, and interviews were conducted using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 (n=4,134, response rate=51%).
T80 255198-255344 Sentence denotes The subjects of this study were a subsample who responded to the second part of the interview (Part 2), and were aged between 20-49 years (n=708).
T81 255345-255613 Sentence denotes Multiple logistic regression was used to explore the association between the lifetime experience of "hikikomori" and childhood risk factors; social class, parental psychopathology, parents' child rearing style, and other adverse events during a respondent's childhood.
T82 255614-255753 Sentence denotes The statistical model was adjusted for sex, age, and respondents' experience of common mental disorders using a sampling weight for Part 2.
T83 255754-255866 Sentence denotes Among the 708 respondents, 15 experienced "hikikomori" in their lifetime (n=9.7 or 1.2% in a weighted analysis).
T84 255867-256187 Sentence denotes Father's high educational level (OR=6.0, CI=1.6-22.9), mother's common mental disorders (OR=6.5, CI=1.1-38.0), and mother's panic disorders (OR=6.6, CI=1.1-39.1) were significantly and positively associated with the experience of "hikikomori" after controlling for respondents' sex, age, and history of mental disorders.
T85 256188-256287 Sentence denotes Significant associations were not found for parents' child rearing styles or childhood adversities.
T86 256288-256418 Sentence denotes Our findings suggest that "hikikomori" cases are more likely to occur in families where the parents have high levels of education.
T87 256419-256570 Sentence denotes Maternal panic disorder may influence the development of "hikikomori" among children, possibly due to reactions of children to their mothers' disorder.
T88 256571-256678 Sentence denotes Most observers agree that the category of hikikomori encompasses a wide range of problems and provocations.
T89 256679-256833 Sentence denotes Furthermore, recent studies have found that a substantial portion of the hikikomori population reports symptoms of mental illness (Kawakami, forthcoming).
T90 256834-257009 Sentence denotes Taking a cultural anthropological approach, this paper explores the social context that allows withdrawing from society to be a prevalent and viable coping mechanism in Japan.
T91 257010-257303 Sentence denotes The paper draws on ethnographic, participant-observation data from three clinical facilities in the Tokyo area which treat hikikomori populations, and four special education programs which treat children who missed school for long periods due to learning disabilities and social maladjustment.
T92 257304-257610 Sentence denotes The paper concludes by reviewing recent literature on mental health in Japan in order to hypothesize about whether Japanese psychiatry will move away from relying so heavily on families and towards psychopharmacological treatments as the dominant method and perceived "cure" for addressing psychopathology.
T93 257611-257621 Sentence denotes Objective:
T94 257622-257805 Sentence denotes To prospectively study the development of socioeconomic health differences in the Netherlands and to investigate possible explanations for socioeconomic variation in childhood health.
T95 257806-257814 Sentence denotes Methods:
T96 257815-257913 Sentence denotes The PIAMA study follows a birth cohort of 3,963 Dutch children during their first 8 years of life.
T97 257914-258093 Sentence denotes Common childhood health problems, i.e. eczema, asthma symptoms, general health, frequent respiratory infections, overweight, and obesity were assessed yearly using questionnaires.
T98 258094-258163 Sentence denotes Maternal educational level was used to indicate socioeconomic status.
T99 258164-258456 Sentence denotes Possible explanatory lifestyle determinants (breastfeeding, smoking during pregnancy, smoking in the first 3 months and the use of day-care facilities) and biological determinants (maternal age at birth, birth weight and older siblings) were analyzed using General Estimating Equations (GEE).
T100 258457-258465 Sentence denotes Results:
T101 258466-258583 Sentence denotes Socioeconomic differences in a broad range of health problems are present early in life and persist during childhood.
T102 258584-258753 Sentence denotes Socioeconomic differences in maternal age at birth, breastfeeding, and day-care center attendance contribute substantially to childhood socioeconomic health disparities.
T103 258754-258765 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T104 258766-258878 Sentence denotes This study shows that health disparities already occur in the very early years of life, also in the Netherlands.
T105 258879-259024 Sentence denotes The less healthy parental lifestyle among lower socioeconomic groups explains most of the observed socioeconomic health differences in childhood.
T106 259025-259036 Sentence denotes Background:
T107 259037-259155 Sentence denotes Several studies have shown that social capital in terms of social participation and trust are linked to better health.
T108 259156-259260 Sentence denotes However, there are few studies on the effect of community interventions attempting to benefit from this.
T109 259261-259269 Sentence denotes Methods:
T110 259270-259527 Sentence denotes A large scale intervention by means of participatory methods, aiming at improving the physical and social environment in an inner city area characterised by a low-income and an ethnically diverse population was launched in a midsize city in southern Sweden.
T111 259528-259734 Sentence denotes Interviews concerning environmental, sociodemographic factors (including social capital), and health (including mental health measured by GHQ12) were made with 630 randomly selected individuals at baseline.
T112 259735-259841 Sentence denotes A follow-up with an identical interview was made with those who still lived in the area after three years.
T113 259842-259868 Sentence denotes The response rate was 66%.
T114 259869-259877 Sentence denotes Results:
T115 259878-260026 Sentence denotes Bridging social capital had increased significantly, but in a pattern determined by type of social capital, gender, educational level and ethnicity.
T116 260027-260130 Sentence denotes Bridging social participation had increased among men, individuals born in Sweden and the low educated.
T117 260131-260242 Sentence denotes Bridging trust on the other hand, increased among women, individuals born outside Sweden and the high educated.
T118 260243-260319 Sentence denotes Selfrated health did not change in any group between baseline and follow-up.
T119 260320-260404 Sentence denotes However, mental health improved significantly among individuals born outside Sweden.
T120 260405-260461 Sentence denotes This seemed to be mediated by social capital components.
T121 260462-260473 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T122 260474-260692 Sentence denotes Following the community-based intervention, bridging social capital increased among inhabitants who lived in the area for the whole three-year period in a pattern determined by gender, level of education and ethnicity.
T123 260693-260826 Sentence denotes Mental health improved among individuals born outside Sweden, which may have been mediated by improvement of bridging social capital.
T124 260827-260946 Sentence denotes Depression and obesity are the among the most common health problems globally and may share common social determinants.
T125 260947-261190 Sentence denotes Social integration is suggested to protect adults from ill health; this study examines whether the protective effect of social integration is seen longitudinally and is present in the case of the cooccurrence of depression and central obesity.
T126 261191-261350 Sentence denotes We used 3 sweeps of a prospective cohort study, the National Child Development Study, when the participants were aged 33, 42, and 45 (Men =3,043, Women=3,153).
T127 261351-261633 Sentence denotes Co-occurrence of depression and central obesity was assessed at age 45, by the presence or absence of depression (scores over 2 on the depression subscale of the Clinical Interview Schedule) and central obesity (a waist to hip ratio greater or equal to 0.9 for men, 0.85 for women).
T128 261634-261803 Sentence denotes Social integration was assessed at age 42 using information about cohabitation, employment status, and frequency of attendance at religious or socially organised groups.
T129 261804-261957 Sentence denotes Psychological health, longstanding illness, and social position assessed at age 33 are treated as confounders and men and women were analysed separately.
T130 261958-262120 Sentence denotes Findings using multinomial logistic regression showed the significance of employment as the key protective element of social integration among middle aged adults.
T131 262121-262276 Sentence denotes Working full time at age 42 was less likely to be associated with depression at age 45 even along with central obesity, but not with central obesity alone.
T132 262277-262441 Sentence denotes This effect was independent of the effects from the confounders and greater among men (Depression: OR=0.15, 95% CI=0.07-0.32; Comorbdity: OR=0.25, 95%CI=0.14-0.45).
T133 262442-262791 Sentence denotes Although considered a confounder rather than an explanatory variable, it is worth noting that psychological ill health at age 33 was linked to depression at age 45 in men and women; however, the degree of the association is greater when central obesity is present, confirming the complex mechanism of co-occurrence of depression and central obesity.
T134 262792-262935 Sentence denotes It appears employment, may protect middle aged adults against comorbid depression and central obesity through its relationship with depression.
T135 262936-263077 Sentence denotes The four HOPE Projects build on over 16 years of community based research projects with low income women in rural counties in North Carolina.
T136 263078-263325 Sentence denotes The Community-based participatory research process led us to develop interventions to address women's health within the context of the economic and social circumstances of their lives: poverty, unemployment, racism and lack of access to resources.
T137 263326-263608 Sentence denotes HOPE (Health, Opportunities, Partnerships, Empowerment) Works (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) ) was a successful obesity prevention intervention that drew upon development strategies including loan circles, microenterprise development, and American Indian talking circles.
T138 263609-263719 Sentence denotes Community women were trained to organize and facilitate HOPE Circles of 8-12 women from their social networks.
T139 263720-263849 Sentence denotes Circles met twice a month for 6 months: women set goals and supported each other to make health and social/economic improvements.
T140 263850-264095 Sentence denotes Threads of HOPE (www.threadsofhopenc.org) is a spinoff from HOPE Works: it is a small business that produces sustainable conference bags, and a non-profit whose mission is to train low income women in business development and financial literacy.
T141 264096-264243 Sentence denotes Seeds of HOPE (2009-2014) will disseminate the HOPE Works model through American Indian and African American churches and community health clinics.
T142 264244-264331 Sentence denotes It will have a stronger emphasis on microenterprise development and financial literacy.
T143 264332-264475 Sentence denotes HOPE Accounts for Women (2009) (2010) (2011) is funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act through the National Institutes of Health.
T144 264476-264722 Sentence denotes This innovative program uses the HOPE Works model but enhances the economic empowerment/financial literacy training by assisting low income women in saving money for starting a business or furthering education through a matched savings incentive.
T145 264723-265034 Sentence denotes Data from the first 3 cohorts (159 Intervention, 118 Comparison) in the HOPE Works study show that 75% of women were African American and most were low income: outcome analysis demonstrated that HOPE Circle participants lowered BMI more than the comparison group with average weight loss difference of 4 pounds.
T146 265035-265124 Sentence denotes Intervention women also increased hope, physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake.
T147 265125-265138 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T148 265139-265340 Sentence denotes It has been well documented that socioeconomicallydisadvantaged groups are more likely to be overweight/obese than their more-advantaged counterparts (this trend is seen more consistently among women).
T149 265341-265437 Sentence denotes These differences may be due (in part) to socioeconomic differences in weight-control behaviors.
T150 265438-265446 Sentence denotes Methods:
T151 265447-265563 Sentence denotes Data was obtained from 1012 men and women aged 45 to 60 years residing in Brisbane, Australia (69.6% response rate).
T152 265564-265683 Sentence denotes Data were collected by a postal questionnaire, which provided information on past and current weight-control behaviors.
T153 265684-265788 Sentence denotes Socioeconomic position was characterised by highest attained education, household income and occupation.
T154 265789-265797 Sentence denotes Results:
T155 265798-265919 Sentence denotes Socioeconomically-disadvantaged participants were less likely to report engaging in weight-control in the past 12 months.
T156 265920-265985 Sentence denotes Those with secondary school or lower education (OR=0.58, 95% C.I.
T157 265986-266105 Sentence denotes 0.41-0.82), working in a blue-collar profession (OR= 0.36, 95% C.I 0.22-0.60), not in the work force (OR=0.62, 95% C.I.
T158 266106-266204 Sentence denotes 0.41-0.94), or who belonged in the 1st quartile of equivalised household income (OR=0.64, 95% C.I.
T159 266205-266312 Sentence denotes 0.41-0.98) were less likely to report trying to lose weight and/or avoid weight gain in the past 12 months.
T160 266313-266468 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences between socioeconomic groups in engaging in potentially health-promoting or health-damaging weight-control behaviors.
T161 266469-266480 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T162 266481-266590 Sentence denotes Socioeconomic differences in weight status may be due to differences in engaging in weight-control behaviors.
T163 266591-266734 Sentence denotes However among those who do wish to maintain or lose weight, there are no socioeconomic differences in the nature of the strategies they employ.
T164 266735-266746 Sentence denotes Background:
T165 266747-266992 Sentence denotes Previous studies may have underestimated the contribution of unhealthy behaviours to social inequalities in mortality because of the assessment of health behaviours at only one point in time, resulting in a failure to capture long-term exposure.
T166 266993-267001 Sentence denotes Methods:
T167 267002-267354 Sentence denotes This study used 4 repeated assessments of smoking, alcohol consumption, diet and physical activity over 24 years of follow-up to examine their role in mediating the association between socioeconomic position, measured using occupational position, and mortality from all-causes and specific causes in 9 590 men and women aged 35 to 55 years at baseline.
T168 267355-267363 Sentence denotes Results:
T169 267364-267407 Sentence denotes 654 participants died during the follow-up.
T170 267408-267564 Sentence denotes Those with lowest occupational position had 1.60 times higher risk of death than those with highest position in analysis adjusted for sex and year of birth.
T171 267565-267836 Sentence denotes For all-cause mortality, this association was attenuated by 42% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 21%, 94%) when health behaviours assessed at baseline were entered into the model and by 72% (95% CI 42%, 154%) when health behaviours were entered as time dependent covariates.
T172 267837-268047 Sentence denotes The corresponding attenuations were 29% (95% CI 11%, 54%) and 45% (95% CI 24%, 79%) for cardiovascular mortality and 61% (95% CI 16%, 425%) and 94% (95% CI 35%, 595%) for non-cancer noncardiovascular mortality.
T173 268048-268163 Sentence denotes There was no association between occupational position and cancer mortality so no further analyses were undertaken.
T174 268164-268349 Sentence denotes The difference between the baseline and longitudinal assessments was mostly due to an increased explanatory power of diet, physical activity and to a lesser extent, alcohol consumption.
T175 268350-268475 Sentence denotes The role of smoking, the strongest mediator in these analyses, did not much differ when using baseline or repeat assessments.
T176 268476-268488 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T177 268489-268609 Sentence denotes Health behaviours may be a more important explanatory mechanism for inequalities in mortality than previously estimated.
T178 268610-268701 Sentence denotes According to South Africa's new constitution, access to health care is a fundamental right.
T179 268702-268943 Sentence denotes In this paper we analyse the utilisation of ante-natal care services under the public health system of South Africa in order to inform policy concerned with equity of access about factors associated with the distribution of current services.
T180 268944-269079 Sentence denotes We conceptualize access to care as covering three distinct but interacting dimensions of availability, affordability and acceptability.
T181 269080-269158 Sentence denotes Each dimension reflects aspects of both the demand for and supply of services.
T182 269159-269362 Sentence denotes We adopt WHO guidelines concerning the need for ante natal care (ANC) visits and explain variations in the number of visits among women giving birth in four selected communities, two urban and two rural.
T183 269363-269583 Sentence denotes The results indicate that more marginalised women (i.e., young, unmarried, low levels of education) and those with no previous deliveries were significantly less likely to have the WHO recommended number of 5 ANC visits.
T184 269584-269685 Sentence denotes Further analysis revealed variations between facilities in the determinants of sufficient ANC visits.
T185 269686-269785 Sentence denotes These findings show inequalities in utilisation which may suggest that inequities in access remain.
T186 269786-269939 Sentence denotes Extant reviews of peer and social support interventions are disease-and approach-specific (e.g., use of community health workers in diabetes management).
T187 269940-270059 Sentence denotes Because there is limited evidence within any one disease, such reviews do not provide strong evidence for peer support.
T188 270060-270205 Sentence denotes In contrast, a more general review of peer support across a range of health behaviors can lead to more solid conclusions about its effectiveness.
T189 270206-270369 Sentence denotes We conducted a systematic review of research on peer support for complex health behavior (e.g., cardiovascular risk reduction) across a variety of health problems.
T190 270370-270549 Sentence denotes An initial PubMed search of papers published between 1/1/2001 and 8/31/2009 and using cognates of "coach," "promotora," "peer support," etc. identified 902 peer-reviewed articles.
T191 270550-270719 Sentence denotes Of these, 595 articles were excluded as their titles indicated that they were not patient behavior programs (e.g. coaching for career growth among health professionals).
T192 270720-270888 Sentence denotes The remaining 307 were reviewed to fit a broad definition of peer support: provided by a nonprofessional and addressing support for multiple health behaviors over time.
T193 270889-270921 Sentence denotes Exclusion criteria consisted of:
T194 270922-271078 Sentence denotes Interventions focused on isolated or single behaviors (e.g. cancer screening); interventions evaluating educational classes; and those without outcome data.
T195 271079-271290 Sentence denotes The resulting 40 papers addressed: breastfeeding (6 papers); diabetes (5 papers), depression (5 papers), and asthma (4 papers), along with a variety of other health issues, and represented 8 different countries.
T196 271291-271326 Sentence denotes Provisional rating of outcomes was:
T197 271327-271661 Sentence denotes No evidence of benefit; Modest evidence of benefit (e.g., changes on self report measure of health behaviors or quality of life); and Strong evidence of benefit (e.g. statistically significant changes on objective clinical measure such as blood pressure or blood glucose, or on well validated psychological measure such as the CES-D).
T198 271662-271752 Sentence denotes Of the 40 papers, 7 were scored as No, 15 as Modest, and 18 as Strong Evidence of Benefit.
T199 271753-271892 Sentence denotes Further evaluation of effect sizes and weighting by sample sizes and adequacy of controls will be included in presentation at the Congress.
T200 271893-272046 Sentence denotes This systematic review indicates that peer support is effective in promoting complex health behaviors across a variety of diseases and national settings.
T201 272047-272058 Sentence denotes Background:
T202 272059-272118 Sentence denotes Nepal is one of the least developed countries in the world.
T203 272119-272304 Sentence denotes Poverty, illiteracy, poor public health system are tremendously impacting on majority of people's lives who are living in rural areas and limited access to primary health care services.
T204 272305-272527 Sentence denotes The government of Nepal declared the free health care policy from early 2008 with a view to improve access to and utilization of health services for people who are poor, socially disadvantaged and marginalized communities.
T205 272528-272736 Sentence denotes The new health policy has highlighted the needs to expand health services in rural areas where there is acute lack of human resources, irregular supplies of drugs and equipment and poor health infrastructure.
T206 272737-272900 Sentence denotes The pro-poor health policy aims to narrow the wider gaps of disparities in health care by ensuring health equity and the rights of people to their health and life.
T207 272901-272911 Sentence denotes Objective:
T208 272912-273021 Sentence denotes The objective of this study is to explore the effects of pro-poor health care policy at the community levels.
T209 273022-273030 Sentence denotes Methods:
T210 273031-273117 Sentence denotes It was a cross-sectional study with primary focus on qualitative research methodology.
T211 273118-273308 Sentence denotes The methods for data collection were focus group discussion and in-depth interviews with service providers in local health facilities, community groups, key informants and the beneficiaries.
T212 273309-273490 Sentence denotes Besides, the data from health management information system at local health facilities were reviewed to analyze the trend of health service utilization over the period of two years.
T213 273491-273515 Sentence denotes Results and Conclusions:
T214 273516-273630 Sentence denotes The pro-poor health policy has been positively impacting on people's access to and utilization of health services.
T215 273631-273753 Sentence denotes There is 15 to 20 % increment in health facility utilization by poor, socially disadvantaged and marginalized communities.
T216 273754-273845 Sentence denotes There is significant level of community awareness of free health care policy and provision.
T217 273846-274070 Sentence denotes The supplies of drugs and other logistics at health facilities are gradually improved in the rural areas where as human resources for health are still lacking and not adequate compared to the health care needs of the people.
T218 274071-274252 Sentence denotes The pro-poor health policy has been instrumental in accessing and utilizing the services by the poorest of the poor as it is free of charge and available in local health facilities.
T219 274253-274362 Sentence denotes Social support is thought to be a health protective resource, however, the underlying mechanisms are elusive.
T220 274363-274467 Sentence denotes One possible mechanism is that social support has a buffering effect on the sympathetic stress response.
T221 274468-274628 Sentence denotes The salivary enzyme alpha-amylase (sAA), reflecting the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), seems to be a promising indicator for stress research.
T222 274629-274755 Sentence denotes The main purpose of the present study was to test the effect of perceived social support (PSS) on acute sAA stress reactivity.
T223 274756-274939 Sentence denotes Thirty-three healthy, young male subjects participated in a computerized stress task consisting of arithmetic problems that had to be solved under time-pressure and social evaluation.
T224 274940-275183 Sentence denotes Cortisol, sAA, salivary flow rate (SFR), heart rate (HR), and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were assessed repeatedly, while perceived social support, chronic stress and rated stress reactivity were assessed using different questionnaires.
T225 275184-275351 Sentence denotes Higher PSS was negatively correlated with the stress response of sAA (r=-.551, p<.01) and HR (r=−.344, p<.05), but was unrelated to cortisol, SFR, and RSA alterations.
T226 275352-275509 Sentence denotes Furthermore, higher levels of PSS were negatively associated with ratings of chronic stress (r=−.384, p<.05) and habitual stress reactivity (r=−.372, p<.05).
T227 275510-275605 Sentence denotes This is the first study examining the relationship between PSS and acute sAA stress reactivity.
T228 275606-275806 Sentence denotes The results indicate that social support indeed buffers the effect of psychosocial stress on the SNS activity, and is further inversely associated with ratings of chronic stress and stress reactivity.
T229 275807-275903 Sentence denotes In addition, our findings emphasize the relevance of sAA for stress and social support research.
T230 275904-275997 Sentence denotes Music listening has been suggested to beneficially impact health via stress-reducing effects.
T231 275998-276115 Sentence denotes However, the exact mechanisms through which music exerts its positive consequences on the body are poorly understood.
T232 276116-276340 Sentence denotes It was the aim of the current study to address this gap in knowledge and to examine the underlying mechanisms of music effects across neuroendocrine, autonomous, cognitive, and emotional domains of the human stress response.
T233 276341-276544 Sentence denotes Sixty healthy female volunteers (mean =25.27 years) were exposed to a standardized psychosocial stress test after having been randomly assigned to one of three different conditions prior to the stressor:
T234 276545-276668 Sentence denotes 1) relaxing music ('Miserere', Allegri) (RM), 2) sound of rippling water (SW) and 3) rest without acoustic stimulation (R).
T235 276669-276828 Sentence denotes Salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase (sAA), anticipatory cognitive appraisal, subjective stress perception and anxiety were repeatedly assessed in all subjects.
T236 276829-276958 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that listening to music prior to the stressor, compared to SW or R would result in an attenuated stress reaction.
T237 276959-277049 Sentence denotes The stressor caused significant changes in all measurements in all three groups over time.
T238 277050-277265 Sentence denotes The three conditions significantly differed regarding cortisol responses (p=0.014), with highest values in the RM and lowest values in SW. sAA recovery delta showed a statistical trend (p= 0.060) in favor of the RM.
T239 277266-277355 Sentence denotes Psychological measures did not significantly differ between groups during the experiment.
T240 277356-277457 Sentence denotes Our findings indicate that music listening differentially impacts the psychobiological stress system.
T241 277458-277582 Sentence denotes Listening to music prior to a psychological stressor increases rather than attenuates subsequent endocrine stress responses.
T242 277583-277719 Sentence denotes In contrast, listening to water sound seems to result in an attenuated endocrine response to stress compared to no auditory stimulation.
T243 277720-277845 Sentence denotes Listening to music seems to increase autonomic recovery more efficiently than listening to water sound or resting in silence.
T244 277846-277926 Sentence denotes These findings bear potential to explain the effects of music on the human body.
T245 277927-278139 Sentence denotes The aim was to study if health, reaction time, and the diurnal rhythm of cortisol were negatively affected when a group of shift workers changed their work schedule from ordinary night-day shift to "swing shift".
T246 278140-278218 Sentence denotes This was tested on 19 healthy workers on a Norwegian oil rig in the North Sea.
T247 278219-278279 Sentence denotes They worked two weeks offshore followed by 4 weeks off work.
T248 278280-278555 Sentence denotes The ordinary schedule was to work 12-hour day shift during one work period (14 days), and 12-hour night shift on the next work period (14 nights)(fixed-shift). "Swing shift" involves night shift during the first week, then day shift the second week, for every working period.
T249 278556-278693 Sentence denotes The advantage of swing shift is that the workers are readapted to a normal day-night rhythm when they start their 4 week off work period.
T250 278694-278835 Sentence denotes The disadvantage is that the workers have to adjust their biological rhythms twice every work period instead of once every other work period.
T251 278836-278984 Sentence denotes All participants worked ordinary night-day shift when baseline data were collected (questionnaires, saliva cortisol, and reaction time during work).
T252 278985-279274 Sentence denotes After collection of baseline data the workers changed their work schedule to "swing shift", one year later the same data were collected. "Swing shift" did not give any negative health effects or any negative changes in reaction time during the day they shifted from night work to day work.
T253 279275-279468 Sentence denotes During swing shift the cortisol rhythm went slowly back to a normal rhythm in the second week, but it was not fully returned to normal values when they returned home for the 4 weeks off period.
T254 279469-279570 Sentence denotes When working swing shift the cortisol rhythms were readapted to normal values after one week at home.
T255 279571-279711 Sentence denotes For personnel returning home directly from 14 consecutive night shifts, diurnal cortisol adaptation was not complete after one week at home.
T256 279712-279763 Sentence denotes Low vagal function is related to several disorders.
T257 279764-279919 Sentence denotes One possible underlying mechanism linking the vagus nerve and disorders is the HPA axis, although literature referring to this association is inconsistent.
T258 279920-280074 Sentence denotes The main purpose of the present study was to examine the relation between vagal function and the biopsychological reactivity to acute psychosocial stress.
T259 280075-280296 Sentence denotes Healthy male subjects (N =33) participated in a stress task (Montreal Imaging Stress Task, MIST; Dedovic et al., 2005) , while heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), salivary cortisol and mood were assessed.
T260 280297-280412 Sentence denotes Vagal function was determined using baseline, MIST-induced inhibition and Cold Face Test (CFT)-induced stimulation.
T261 280413-280538 Sentence denotes The stress task induced a significant increase in cortisol and HR (both p<.001) and a decrease in RSA and mood (both p<.001).
T262 280539-280643 Sentence denotes A linear regression model with CFT response predicted 17.9% of observed variance in cortisol AUCI (mood:
T263 280644-280661 Sentence denotes 38.9%; tiredness:
T264 280662-280697 Sentence denotes 19.8%) in response to the stressor.
T265 280698-280852 Sentence denotes The results indicate that faster or stronger CFT response is associated with reduced cortisol increase, increased mood and wakefulness after acute stress.
T266 280853-280934 Sentence denotes Our data support an inverse relationship between vagal function and the HPA axis.
T267 280935-281043 Sentence denotes Emotional distress-induced up-regulation of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been found to be detrimental to health.
T268 281044-281263 Sentence denotes As diabetic foot ulcers are characterized by chronic inflammation, it is plausible that emotional distress could delay the healing of such ulcers by upregulating and sustaining high ulcer tissue-specific levels of IL-6.
T269 281264-281442 Sentence denotes Here we report a cross-sectional study of 41 patients with type 2 DM (76% male; mean age 55 yrs) and plantar neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers (University of Texas Classification:
T270 281443-281483 Sentence denotes 82% grade 1A; 12% 1B; 3% 2A; and 3% 2B).
T271 281484-281649 Sentence denotes The relationship between patient self reported generalized emotional distress, foot ulcer-specific emotional responses and ulcer biopsy IL-6 levels was investigated.
T272 281650-281768 Sentence denotes Ulcer-specific IL-6 levels were determined via quantification of immunohistochemical wound biopsy tissue localization.
T273 281769-281930 Sentence denotes Additionally, assessed was the physiologic marker of emotional distress, 9 am and 12noon serum cortisol (458.7±125.8 nmol/l and 625± 369.7 nmol/l, respectively).
T274 281931-282112 Sentence denotes In the bivariate analysis, more severe generalized and foot-ulcer-specific emotional distress were each associated with higher levels of ulcer biopsy log-transformed IL-6 (raw mean:
T275 282113-282285 Sentence denotes 608.3±545.5 cells/mm2): HADS-Anxiety (r=0.44; p= 0.031), PSS (r=0.44; p=0.034), PIN-Amputation Worry (r=0.54; p=0.007) and NeuroQoL-Interpersonal Burden (r=0.60; p= 0.004).
T276 282286-282356 Sentence denotes No significant relationship was noted between serum cortisol and IL-6.
T277 282357-282495 Sentence denotes These preliminary findings identify a strong link between subjective measures of emotional distress and wound specific IL-6 up-regulation.
T278 282496-282596 Sentence denotes Whether this relationship contributes to non-healing of diabetic foot ulcers is under investigation.
T279 282597-282799 Sentence denotes Chronic multi-symptom illnesses such as Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) and Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) are accompanied by complex interactions of cognitive, emotional, and physiological disturbances.
T280 282800-282924 Sentence denotes Such conditions are complicated and draining to live with, and successful adaptation may depend on ability to self-regulate.
T281 282925-283021 Sentence denotes Self-regulation involves capacity to exercise control and guide or alter reactions and behavior.
T282 283022-283281 Sentence denotes Research indicates that self-regulatory strength is a limited source that can be depleted or fatigued, however, and patients with FMS and TMD may, when trying to adapt to the many demands of their illnesses, deplete or fatigue their self-regulatory resources.
T283 283282-283529 Sentence denotes The current study aimed to show that patients with FMS and TMD, compared with healthy controls, are more vulnerable to selfregulatory fatigue as a consequence of their condition, and that self-regulatory fatigue has specific physiological markers.
T284 283530-283667 Sentence denotes Research has found self-regulatory effort to lead to self-regulatory fatigue, indicated by less capacity to persist on a subsequent task.
T285 283668-283797 Sentence denotes Patients (N=50) and matched controls (N=50) were exposed to an experimental self-regulation task, followed by a persistence task.
T286 283798-283893 Sentence denotes Controls in the low self-regulation condition displayed continued high persistence as expected.
T287 283894-284131 Sentence denotes However, patients in the same condition displayed similar persistence as patients and controls in the high self-regulatory condition, indicating that patients with FMS and TMD may in fact be suffering from chronic selfregulatory fatigue.
T288 284132-284328 Sentence denotes Baseline heart rate variability, heart rate, blood glucose, and cortisol predicted persistence, more so for controls than for patients, and more so in the low versus high selfregulation condition.
T289 284329-284424 Sentence denotes Impact of illness on self-regulatory effort was mediated by pain, but not by any other factors.
T290 284425-284694 Sentence denotes The current study shows that patients with chronic multi-symptom illnesses likely suffer from chronic self-regulatory fatigue, and that selfregulatory capacity needs to be taken into account when aiming to treat and help these patients through behavioral interventions.
T291 284695-284952 Sentence denotes Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands and 3 University Centre for Sport, Exercise and Health, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
T1 284953-284963 Sentence denotes Objective:
T2 284964-285138 Sentence denotes To investigate the appreciation of written education about pain neurophysiology in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and its effects on illness perceptions and quality of life.
T3 285139-285146 Sentence denotes Method:
T4 285147-285251 Sentence denotes A booklet explaining pain neurophysiology (i.e. central sensitisation) was sent to participants with FM.
T5 285252-285402 Sentence denotes Appreciation about the information in the booklet was assessed by 10 questions addressing perceived relevance (0-30) and perceived reassurance (0-30).
T6 285403-285658 Sentence denotes Participants filled in the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) at baseline (T0), after a 2 week control period (T1) and 6 weeks after the intervention (T2).
T7 285659-285740 Sentence denotes Differences between T0, T1 and T2 were analysed using a repeated measures design.
T8 285741-285854 Sentence denotes Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to reveal relationships between appreciation and changes in outcome.
T9 285855-285863 Sentence denotes Results:
T10 285864-285956 Sentence denotes Mean (SD) scores for relevance and reassurance were 21.6 (5.6) and 18.7 (5.7), respectively.
T11 285957-286091 Sentence denotes Illness coherence, emotional representations, pain and fatigue changed significantly between T0 and T2, pain also before intervention.
T12 286092-286231 Sentence denotes Correlations between appreciation and changes in illness perceptions, catastrophizing and quality of life ranged between r=.000 and r=.338.
T13 286232-286244 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T14 286245-286457 Sentence denotes Although a majority of our subjects with FM appreciated the written information about pain neurophysiology, it did not have clinically relevant effects on illness perceptions, catastrophizing and quality of life.
T15 286458-286528 Sentence denotes Appreciation of the information was not related to changes in outcome.
T16 286529-286539 Sentence denotes Objective:
T17 286540-286631 Sentence denotes Fibromyalgia patients are perceived by clinicians to be 'difficult' and not easy to manage.
T18 286632-286708 Sentence denotes Injured athletes are considered as much less difficult to manage clinically.
T19 286709-286826 Sentence denotes According to Leventhal's Common Sense Model these differences are related to the illness perceptions of these groups.
T20 286827-286871 Sentence denotes The objective of this study, therefore, was:
T21 286872-286956 Sentence denotes What are the illness perceptions of patients with fibromyalgia and injured athletes?
T22 286957-286964 Sentence denotes Method:
T23 286965-287041 Sentence denotes 196 fibromyalgia patients and 95 injured athletes participated in the study.
T24 287042-287171 Sentence denotes In both groups the Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised, adapted for fibromyalgia and sport injuries, respectively, was used.
T25 287172-287250 Sentence denotes The samples were recruited form physical therapy practices in the Netherlands.
T26 287251-287259 Sentence denotes Results:
T27 287260-287426 Sentence denotes The fibromyalgia group consisted of 172 (88%) female and 24 (12%) male patients with a mean age of 49 years (SD 11), familiar with the diagnosis since 7 years (SD 6).
T28 287427-287520 Sentence denotes The athletes sample consisted of 31 (41%) female and 64 (59%) males; mean age was 30 (SD 12).
T29 287521-287660 Sentence denotes The duration of the injury was in 47 athletes (49%) longer than 6 months; all were injured due to participating in a broad range of sports.
T30 287661-287815 Sentence denotes Significant differences were found for illness identity, timeline acute chronic, timeline cyclical, consequences, treatment control and illness coherence.
T31 287816-288165 Sentence denotes Fibromyalgia patients have a strong illness identity, perceive more symptoms (pain, fatigue, stiffness), have negative beliefs about the consequences of fibromyalgia, their faith in treatments is low and they do not understand their fibromyalgia and associated symptoms, they have a strong belief in the chronic and cyclical nature of the condition.
T32 288166-288328 Sentence denotes Injured athletes have a weak illness identity associated with a high controllability; they see their injury as not chronic, and with minimal serious consequences.
T33 288329-288458 Sentence denotes They understand the nature of their injury, given their high illness coherence and do not have a strong emotional representation.
T34 288459-288471 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T35 288472-288594 Sentence denotes The illness perceptions in the two samples studied differ significantly, in a way that substantiates clinical impressions.
T36 288595-288669 Sentence denotes These differences imply tailoring approaches by health care professionals.
T37 288670-288806 Sentence denotes Assessing illness perceptions therefore seems useful for diagnostic and therapeutic decision making in patients with chronic conditions.
T38 288807-288811 Sentence denotes Aim:
T39 288812-288952 Sentence denotes To evaluate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) based stress management on FMS patients regarding pain, stress, and well-being.
T40 288953-288981 Sentence denotes Study population and method:
T41 288982-289100 Sentence denotes 48 women, 27-62 years of age were randomly allocated to two groups, an early treatment group and a waiting list group.
T42 289101-289322 Sentence denotes A modified protocol for CBT originally designed for treating women after myocardial infarction was used with key components: education, self-monitoring, skills training, cognitive reconstructing and spiritual development.
T43 289323-289352 Sentence denotes Brief relaxation was trained.
T44 289353-289444 Sentence denotes The patients were treated in groups of 5-7 during three hours once week during half a year.
T45 289445-289505 Sentence denotes During the next 6 months three "booster" sessions were held.
T46 289506-289601 Sentence denotes Two experienced clinical psychologists with competence in CBT were responsible for the therapy.
T47 289602-289776 Sentence denotes Outcome evaluation are based on Multidimensional Pain Inventory, the Type A behavior instrument, Vital exhaustion, Visual Analogue Scales measured pain, wellbeing and stress.
T48 289777-289785 Sentence denotes Results:
T49 289786-289963 Sentence denotes Perceived "life control" level increased during the intervention in the early treatment group from 3.1 to 3.5, but decreased in the waiting list group from 3.2 to 2.8. (p=0.01).
T50 289964-290074 Sentence denotes There were similar but less pronounced differences for a number of other dimensions, but none was significant.
T51 290075-290210 Sentence denotes Stress decreased from 53.7 to 35.9 mm in the early treatment group, but increased from 46.5 to 52.2 in the waiting list group (p=0.02).
T52 290211-290294 Sentence denotes Pain and well-being showed similar trends but the differences were non-significant.
T53 290295-290446 Sentence denotes Vital exhaustion decreased in the early treatment group from 24.9 to 22.0, but increased somewhat from 21.5 to 21.8 in the waiting list group (p=0.02).
T54 290447-290692 Sentence denotes Stress behaviour decreased somewhat more in the early treatment group than in the waiting list group, Conclusions: CBT stress management given to female patients with fibromyalgia increased life control and decreased stress and vital exhaustion.
T55 290693-290746 Sentence denotes The experience of pain was not significantly reduced.
T56 290747-290834 Sentence denotes CBT has the potential to improve well-being among patients with cronic widespread pain.
T57 290835-290846 Sentence denotes Background:
T58 290847-290901 Sentence denotes Obesity is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality.
T59 290902-290986 Sentence denotes Nearly ¼ of the UK population are obese, and by 2050 this is predicted to reach 60%.
T60 290987-291035 Sentence denotes This has enormous cost implications for the NHS.
T61 291036-291092 Sentence denotes Consequently, tackling obesity is a Government priority.
T62 291093-291319 Sentence denotes An evidence-base exists of theoretically-informed behaviour change techniques for weight loss, however, in routine practice, doctors more commonly use theoretically-unfounded communication strategies (e.g. information giving).
T63 291320-291482 Sentence denotes It is not known if the current focus on communication skills teaching during undergraduate training adequately prepares future doctors for this growing challenge.
T64 291483-291494 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T65 291495-291670 Sentence denotes To examine 1) what behaviour change techniques medical trainees use to facilitate behaviour change in obese patients and 2) how this impacts on patient behavioural intentions.
T66 291671-291679 Sentence denotes Methods:
T67 291680-291807 Sentence denotes Forty-eight students in their clinical years of a UK medical school were recruited to perform two simulated consultations each.
T68 291808-291885 Sentence denotes Both consultations involved an obese patient where weight loss was indicated.
T69 291886-292045 Sentence denotes Simulated patients (SPs) were used to standardise patient variables (e.g. barriers to behaviour change) and presentation of scenario order was counterbalanced.
T70 292046-292147 Sentence denotes Following each consultation, students assessed the techniques they perceived themselves to have used.
T71 292148-292220 Sentence denotes SPs rated the extent to which they intended to make behavioural changes.
T72 292221-292416 Sentence denotes Anonymised transcripts of the audiotaped consultations were coded by independent assessors, blind to student and SP ratings, using a validated behaviour change taxonomy (Abraham & Michie, 2008) .
T73 292417-292425 Sentence denotes Results:
T74 292426-292492 Sentence denotes Students reported using a wide range of evidence-based techniques.
T75 292493-292612 Sentence denotes In contrast, codings of observed communication behaviours were more limited, focusing on information-giving strategies.
T76 292613-292712 Sentence denotes SPs behavioural intentions also varied and was explained with reference to students' communication.
T77 292713-292867 Sentence denotes Treatment of fibromyalgia (FM), a chronic pain disease characterizes by widespread pain is regarded as challenging and the prognosis for recovery is poor.
T78 292868-292997 Sentence denotes Psychological interventions are known to be effective in other pain disorders and therefore could be a promising treatment of FM.
T79 292998-293101 Sentence denotes But only few qualitative reviews with divergent conclusions and no meta-analysis on this subject exist.
T80 293102-293261 Sentence denotes The aims of the present analysis were to investigate the short-and long-term efficacy and treatment moderators of psychological interventions for fibromyalgia.
T81 293262-293374 Sentence denotes A literature search identified 23 eligible studies with 30 psychological treatment conditions and 1396 patients.
T82 293375-293485 Sentence denotes Meta-analytic integration resulted in a significant small effect size (g = 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI):
T83 293486-293668 Sentence denotes 0.27 -0.48) for short-term pain reduction and a significant small-to-medium effect sizes for long-term pain reduction over an average follow-up phase of 7.4 months (g = 0.47, 95% CI:
T84 293669-293715 Sentence denotes 0.3 -0.65) for any psychological intervention.
T85 293716-293809 Sentence denotes Psychological treatments also proved effective in reducing sleep problems (g = 0.46, 95 % CI:
T86 293810-293855 Sentence denotes 0.28 -0.64) and depression (g = 0.3, 95 % CI:
T87 293856-293868 Sentence denotes 0.17 -0.34).
T88 293869-293912 Sentence denotes These effects remained stable at follow-up.
T89 293913-294081 Sentence denotes Moderator analyses revealed cognitivebehavioural treatment to be significantly better then other psychological treatments in short-term pain reduction (g = 0.6, 95% CI:
T90 294082-294213 Sentence denotes 0.46 -0.76) and cognitive-behavioural treatment and relaxation treatments in short-term sleep problems reduction (g = 0.68, 95% CI:
T91 294214-294226 Sentence denotes 0.39 -0.97).
T92 294227-294284 Sentence denotes Higher treatment dose was associated with better outcome.
T93 294285-294358 Sentence denotes Publication-bias analyses demonstrated that the effect sizes were robust.
T94 294359-294528 Sentence denotes It is concluded, the effects of psychological treatments for fibromyalgia are promising and comparable to those reported for other pain symptoms or drug treatment in FM.
T95 294529-294624 Sentence denotes Psychological interventions of sufficient length should be included in FM treatment programmes.
T96 294625-294637 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T97 294638-294790 Sentence denotes It is suggested that current skills-based communication programmes inadequately prepare future doctors for the growing task of facilitating weight loss.
T98 294791-294934 Sentence denotes Findings are discussed in relation to the social cognitive basis of behaviour change and communication training needs for health professionals.
T99 294935-295045 Sentence denotes Clinicians are increasingly confronted with illness associated with health behaviors (e.g. diet and exercise).
T100 295046-295173 Sentence denotes Helping patients to adopt healthier behaviors therefore is an important component of medical management and disease prevention.
T101 295174-295247 Sentence denotes Communication training is a core feature of medical and nursing training.
T102 295248-295487 Sentence denotes However, recent research reveals that communication training inadequately equips new health professionals for this growing clinical challenge and practitioners remain unconfident about how to discuss behavior change usefully with patients.
T103 295488-295643 Sentence denotes The study aims to explore how doctors and nurses manage behavior change and identify what barriers operate to prevent effective behavior change management.
T104 295644-295829 Sentence denotes Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 14 medical and 14 nursing practitioners at a range of stages during their training (undergraduate and postgraduate).
T105 295830-296008 Sentence denotes Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using principles of constant comparison to categorise emergent and recurring themes within and between transcripts.
T106 296009-296158 Sentence denotes Thematic categories arising in initial interviews were explored subsequently and disconfirmatory evidence was sought until thematic saturation arose.
T107 296159-296319 Sentence denotes Findings reveal that trainees and practitioners consider behavior change to be a fundamental part of medical practice, yet one they are not formally trained in.
T108 296320-296468 Sentence denotes Participants had developed a range of strategies to encourage behavior change through experiential learning, but were unconvinced of their efficacy.
T109 296469-296687 Sentence denotes Further barriers to implementing behavior change included the uncertainty over whose responsibility it is, the influence of patient authority within consultations, and desire to protect the doctor-patient relationship.
T110 296688-296801 Sentence denotes Evidently current communication training is inadequate to equip health practitioners to motivate behavior change.
T111 296802-296954 Sentence denotes Barriers arise from clinician-patient interactions as well as the context of health care services and have important implications for medical education.
T112 296955-296966 Sentence denotes Background:
T113 296967-297091 Sentence denotes Lifestyle-related diseases are increasing worldwide, and it is important to address lifestyle issues in primary health care.
T114 297092-297218 Sentence denotes In order to facilitate this, a tool for lifestyle intervention was developed and implemented in primary health care in Sweden.
T115 297219-297416 Sentence denotes Implementing new methods, guidelines or tools into routine care, however, is a slow and unpredictable process, and the factors that play a role in the adoption process are not yet fully understood.
T116 297417-297427 Sentence denotes Objective:
T117 297428-297566 Sentence denotes To identify key factors influencing the adoption of a lifestyle intervention tool being introduced in primary health care (PHC) in Sweden.
T118 297567-297575 Sentence denotes Methods:
T119 297576-297668 Sentence denotes A computer-based test for lifestyle intervention was implemented at six PHC units in Sweden.
T120 297669-297742 Sentence denotes Two different implementation strategies, implicit or explicit, were used.
T121 297743-297827 Sentence denotes Contextual factors and organizational climate were measured prior to implementation.
T122 297828-297934 Sentence denotes Outcome in terms of staff referral rates to the lifestyle test was measured after six months of operation.
T123 297935-298033 Sentence denotes A qualitative study where staff at the units participated in focus group interviews was performed.
T124 298034-298105 Sentence denotes Interviews were analyzed using the method qualitative content analysis.
T125 298106-298114 Sentence denotes Results:
T126 298115-298302 Sentence denotes A positive organizational climate combined with an explicit implementation strategy did predict a positive implementation outcome when a lifestyle intervention tool was introduced in PHC.
T127 298303-298481 Sentence denotes Adoption was positively influenced by positive expectations among staff, perceptions of the tool being compatible with existing routines and perceived advantages of the new tool.
T128 298482-298603 Sentence denotes Organizational changes and staff shortage coinciding with implementation seemed to be obstacles for the adoption process.
T129 298604-298615 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T130 298616-298735 Sentence denotes Organizational climate and staff expectations should be assessed in advance when a new tool is to be introduced in PHC.
T131 298736-298852 Sentence denotes Explicit implementation strategy is preferable, and coincidence with major organizational changes should be avoided.
T132 298853-298980 Sentence denotes The cervical cancer vaccine provides a safe and effective means of reducing the incidence and mortality rate from this disease.
T133 298981-299161 Sentence denotes Given that uptake is less than optimal, despite the availability of no cost vaccination, there is a need to identify psychosocial factors associated with this preventive behaviour.
T134 299162-299364 Sentence denotes Applying the Common Sense Model, we first identified the illness representations associated with the acceptance and non-acceptance of the cervical cancer vaccine among young Australian women aged 18-26.
T135 299365-299569 Sentence denotes We then assessed whether information regarding the link between the viral causes of cervical cancer and the effect of the preventive vaccine can function as a facilitator of future vaccination behaviours.
T136 299570-299775 Sentence denotes Participants (N=132) initially completed measures of vaccination status, intentions to be vaccinated, illness representations, perceived risk, perceived vaccine effectiveness and cervical cancer knowledge.
T137 299776-300106 Sentence denotes Then we experimentally manipulated illness coherence relating to links between the Human Papillomavirus, cervical cancer and the vaccine, by randomly assigning participants to receive either a brief or detailed information condition, to ascertain the effect of this manipulation on vaccination intentions for non-vaccinated women.
T138 300107-300342 Sentence denotes Higher levels of illness coherence, identity, and perceived vaccine effectiveness, having had a Pap smear in the past, and lower beliefs in the treatment cure/ controllability of cervical cancer were associated with vaccination uptake.
T139 300343-300500 Sentence denotes Higher intentions to be vaccinated among non-vaccinated women were associated with higher levels of illness coherence and perceived risk for cervical cancer.
T140 300501-300654 Sentence denotes Post-manipulation measures indicated that the detailed condition of the experimental manipulation resulted in significant increases in illness coherence.
T141 300655-300987 Sentence denotes The identification of illness cognitions and the role of illness coherence influencing the acceptance of this vaccine adds to the paucity of information available on this underrepresented sample and provides direction for the design of future intervention strategies aimed at modifying illness cognitions to increase vaccine uptake.
T142 300988-301269 Sentence denotes Although levels of consumption of dietary fibre (DF) are high in Australia, recent evidence indicates the need for increased intakes of the lesser known fibre form, resistant starch (RS), which has been implicated in the reduction of risk of serious diet-related health conditions.
T143 301270-301413 Sentence denotes The purpose of the present study was to identify the kinds of health messages and the kinds of foods likely to be most acceptable to consumers.
T144 301414-301480 Sentence denotes Data were obtained by means of a nationwide postal survey (N=849).
T145 301481-301796 Sentence denotes Ratings of the importance of various RS health and functional claims and receptiveness to different foods as RS delivery vehicles were analysed according to the respondents' level of fibre engagement, as classified under the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) of Health Behaviour (Weinstein & Sandman, 1992) .
T146 301797-301948 Sentence denotes Significant gender differences were found, with women found to be more fibre engaged and also more receptive than men to RS and its potential benefits.
T147 301949-302151 Sentence denotes The pattern of association between fibre engagement and self-perceived risk of serious health conditions was consistent with previous observations of changes in risk perception at different PAPM stages.
T148 302152-302364 Sentence denotes Participants' ratings revealed a general preference for healthy staples over indulgences as foods for the delivery of RS, with the margin in preference increasing markedly with increased dietary fibre engagement.
T149 302365-302612 Sentence denotes This application of the PAPM illustrates its potential usefulness as a segmentation tool for the exploitation of community engagement with a relatively familiar health concept or behaviour in the promotion of a novel, related concept or behaviour.
T150 302613-302726 Sentence denotes Unhealthy diet and inactive lifestyle reflect prevalent, correlated behaviors that heighten chronic disease risk.
T151 302727-302850 Sentence denotes Intervening on more than one risk behavior simultaneously could be efficient, but the optimal goal framing remains unknown.
T152 302851-303063 Sentence denotes MBC was designed to test which combination of two behaviors (one dietary, one activity) and two goal frames (increase healthy, decrease unhealthy) maximizes healthy behavior change across all four risk behaviors.
T153 303064-303341 Sentence denotes N = 200 participants with all four risk behaviors [high saturated fat intake (Fat), low fruit and vegetable intake (FV), low physical activity (PA), high sedentary leisure screen time (Sed)] were randomized to one of four goal prescriptions: ↑FV↑PA; ↓Fat↑PA; ↑FV↓Sed; ↓Fat↓Sed.
T154 303342-303513 Sentence denotes They used handheld technology and coaching to change one diet and one activity behavior simultaneously, while change in untargeted (collateral) behavior was also measured.
T155 303514-303603 Sentence denotes The Familiarity hypothesis predicted best outcome from usual dieting behaviors (↓Fat↑PA).
T156 303604-303765 Sentence denotes The Optimal Substitution hypothesis, based on behavioral economic theory, predicted best outcome from substituting healthful for unhealthful behaviors (↑FV↓SED).
T157 303766-303939 Sentence denotes The Low Inhibitory Demand hypothesis, based on Baumeister's self-regulatory strength model, predicted best outcome from minimizing demand on self-control resources (↑FV↑PA).
T158 303940-304168 Sentence denotes To scale all behaviors to a common metric, the primary outcome was healthy lifestyle change expressed as a z score reflecting improvement relative to the sample baseline for each behavior and averaged to yield a composite score.
T159 304169-304453 Sentence denotes As predicted by behavioral economic theory, mixed linear models showed that ↑FV↓Sed maximized healthy lifestyle change compared to alternative interventions [t(345) = 3.3, p=.001], producing a sustained 1 s.d. improvement in saturated fat intake as well as in both targeted behaviors.
T160 304454-304581 Sentence denotes The untargeted decrease in saturated fat intake complemented the targeted reduction in recreational screen time (r=.29, p=.04).
T161 304582-304719 Sentence denotes Paralleling observed behavior changes, ↑FV↓Sed improved self-efficacy for changing FV (p<.05), Sed (p<.01), and, marginally, Fat (p=.09).
T162 304720-304931 Sentence denotes Conversely, the traditional dieting regimen (↓Fat↑PA) produced less healthy lifestyle change than alternative prescriptions [t (345) = − 2.09, p=.04], yielding sustained 1 s.d. improvement only in saturated fat.
T163 304932-305058 Sentence denotes Relatedly, ↓Fat↑PA failed to increase self-efficacy for targeted behaviors and decreased efficacy for FV and Sed (both p<.05).
T164 305059-305256 Sentence denotes Increasing healthy low-rate eating behavior and decreasing unhealthy high-rate physical activity produced greater and unexpectedly sustained healthy lifestyle change than alternative prescriptions.
T165 305257-305268 Sentence denotes Background:
T166 305269-305371 Sentence denotes Research has demonstrated a strong link between the built environment, health outcomes & inequalities.
T167 305372-305435 Sentence denotes Environmental elements can negatively impact lifestyle choices.
T168 305436-305654 Sentence denotes The 'My Health Matters' project was designed to build partnership with members of the health economy to meet the challenge of increasing physical activity & healthy eating in three deprived areas of Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
T169 305655-305819 Sentence denotes The project aims to develop & evaluate an intervention to reduce health inequalities by increasing physical activity & healthier eating as defined by the community.
T170 305820-305991 Sentence denotes Results from phase I of the project will be reported including baseline mapping of the built environment using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) & a community survey.
T171 305992-306000 Sentence denotes Methods:
T172 306001-306324 Sentence denotes Environmental factors including convenience & proximity of physical activity spaces, greenspace & leisure facilities, neighbourhood connectivity/walkability, land use mix & population density, traffic, safety & crime, food outlets & restaurants, were measured using GIS mapping (calculated around each residential address).
T173 306325-306428 Sentence denotes A community postal survey of randomly selected addresses (n=343) across the three areas was undertaken.
T174 306429-306531 Sentence denotes The Neighbourhood Walkability Scale was used to assess residents' perceptions of their neighbourhoods.
T175 306532-306695 Sentence denotes Perceived health (SF12), social capital, fruit & vegetable intake & levels of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) were also measured.
T176 306696-306811 Sentence denotes Results: GIS mapping illustrated a lack of local access to fresh food outlets but easy access to fast food outlets.
T177 306812-306941 Sentence denotes 76-96% of residents were within 300 m walking distance of green space, but these spaces were of poor quality e.g. not functional.
T178 306942-307043 Sentence denotes Physical activity facilities were within walking distance for some neighbourhoods but not for others.
T179 307044-307147 Sentence denotes The community survey demonstrated that self-reported health was lower than average compared to England.
T180 307148-307423 Sentence denotes Negative perceived characteristics of the neighbourhood included; aesthetics (e.g. lack of trees), The worldwide increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity is a cause for concern as the overweight-related morbidity, mortality and health care costs concurrently increase.
T181 307424-307594 Sentence denotes The objective of our meta-analytic review is to critically examine the effectiveness of workplace physical activity and dietary behavior interventions on weight outcomes.
T182 307595-307692 Sentence denotes Six databases were searched for English-written studies published between 1980 and November 2009.
T183 307693-307768 Sentence denotes Two authors independently selected 43 studies which met inclusion criteria.
T184 307769-307827 Sentence denotes Data could be extracted from 22 studies for meta-analysis.
T185 307828-307893 Sentence denotes Methodological quality was assessed using a predefined checklist.
T186 307894-307989 Sentence denotes The GRADE approach was used to determine the level of evidence for each pooled outcome measure.
T187 307990-308087 Sentence denotes Results show there is moderate quality of evidence that workplace physical activity Introduction:
T188 308088-308158 Sentence denotes Risk perceptions are a key component in many health behavior theories.
T189 308159-308415 Sentence denotes However, such theories often do not differentiate between cognitive and affective risk perceptions (or the way in which they interact), and it is generally assumed that any increased risk perceptions of either type are associated with preventive behaviors.
T190 308416-308619 Sentence denotes The present study aims to differentiate between cognitive (perceived risk) and affective (worry) risk perceptions and explore their direct and interactive relationships with two health-related behaviors.
T191 308620-308628 Sentence denotes Methods:
T192 308629-308999 Sentence denotes Combined data from the 2003 and 2007 Health Information National Trends Surveys were analyzed using logistic regression with perceived cancer risk, cancer worry, and their interaction independently predicting two dichotomous variables: a) fulfilling the 5-a-day fruit /vegetable consumption guidelines (n=7966) and b) engaging in any exercise in the past month (n=8069).
T193 309000-309008 Sentence denotes Results:
T194 309009-309100 Sentence denotes Neither perceived risk nor worry was significantly related to fruit/ vegetable consumption.
T195 309101-309275 Sentence denotes However, their interaction was significant such that those who had both the highest perceived risk and worry were the least likely to fulfill the guidelines (OR: .77, p<.05).
T196 309276-309379 Sentence denotes With respect to exercise, worry (OR=1.77, p<.01), but not perceived risk, was associated with exercise.
T197 309380-309548 Sentence denotes More importantly, the interaction was again significant, such that those high in both perceived risk and worry were the least likely to report exercise (OR=.77, p=.01).
T198 309549-309560 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T199 309561-309689 Sentence denotes Counter-intuitively, reporting both high perceived risk and high worry is associated with less exercise and produce consumption.
T200 309690-309947 Sentence denotes This research may have important implications for interventions, which often do not differentiate between targeting cognitive and affective risk perceptions and may even strive to heighten both types of risk perceptions in efforts to prompt behavior change.
T201 309948-310158 Sentence denotes In addition, this research may inform communication of risk information; optimal changes in health behaviors may be achieved when cognitive risk perceptions are lower, and affective risk perceptions are higher.
T202 310159-310311 Sentence denotes Behavioral interventions have not yet been firmly established as being efficacious for reducing nonfatal or fatal cancer or coronary disease recurrence.
T203 310312-310556 Sentence denotes Three separate randomized clinical trials using group based cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) however, have recently observed positive changes in disease endpoints in patients who had experienced breast cancer or adverse coronary disease events.
T204 310557-310614 Sentence denotes Group CBT included 20-26 two hour sessions over one year.
T205 310615-310745 Sentence denotes The trials all used strategies to reduce stress, improve mood, alter health behaviors and maintain adherence to medical treatment.
T206 310746-310852 Sentence denotes These three studies all included women, used intentto-treat analyses and adjusted for relevant covariates.
T207 310853-311148 Sentence denotes Andersen and colleagues randomized 227 women who had been surgically treated for regional breast cancer and found after a median of 11 years follow-up, a reduced risk of breast cancer recurrence (HR=.55, p=.034), breast cancer mortality (HR=.44; p=.016) and all-cause-mortality (HR=.51; p=.028).
T208 311149-311310 Sentence denotes Orth-Gomér and collaborators randomized 237 women with acute coronary syndrome and found after a median of 7 years, a reduced risk of mortality (HR=.31; p=.009).
T209 311311-311495 Sentence denotes Burell and colleagues randomized 362 women and men with acute coronary syndrome and found after a median of 8 years, a reduced risk of recurrent myocardial infarction (HR=.55; p=.007).
T210 311496-311625 Sentence denotes Discussion will focus upon the implications of these results and the need for conceptual replication in large multicenter trials.
T211 311626-311841 Sentence denotes A randomized clinical trial was designed to test the hypothesis that cancer patients coping with a cancer diagnosis but receiving a psychological intervention would have reduced risk for disease progression (1994) .
T212 311842-311919 Sentence denotes Patients (N= 227) surgically treated for regional breast cancer participated.
T213 311920-312091 Sentence denotes Before beginning adjuvant cancer therapies, patients were assessed with psychological and behavioral measures, had a health evaluation, and a 60 mL blood sample was drawn.
T214 312092-312171 Sentence denotes Patients were randomized to Psychological Intervention or Assessment only arms.
T215 312172-312361 Sentence denotes The intervention was psychologist led, conducted in small groups, and included strategies to reduce stress, improve mood, alter health behaviors, and maintain adherence to cancer treatment.
T216 312362-312509 Sentence denotes Earlier papers (2004, 2007) showed that, compared to the Assessment arm, the Intervention arm improved across all of the latter secondary outcomes.
T217 312510-312549 Sentence denotes T cell blastogenesis was also enhanced.
T218 312550-312629 Sentence denotes An interim paper (2007) clarified treatment mechanisms in the Intervention arm.
T219 312630-312742 Sentence denotes First, patients were satisfied with the intervention, but it was group cohesion that related to better outcomes.
T220 312743-312874 Sentence denotes Second, offering patients a stress conceptualization (Selye) and teaching them multiple coping strategies related to better health.
T221 312875-312955 Sentence denotes Third, three relationships between treatment utilization and outcomes are noted:
T222 312956-313044 Sentence denotes 1) Relaxation training was associated with both distress reduction and symptom lowering.
T223 313045-313159 Sentence denotes 2) Patients' use of assertive communication with health care providers was associated with better health outcomes.
T224 313160-313267 Sentence denotes 3) Intervention strategy use was also associated with fewer signs/symptoms and cancer treatment toxicities.
T225 313268-313382 Sentence denotes After a median of 11 years follow-up, recurrence occurred for 62 of 212 (29%) women and death for 54 of 227 (24%).
T226 313383-313698 Sentence denotes Intent to treat hazard analyses showed, as predicted, Intervention arm patients had a Psychosocial factors are independently associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality, but the outcome effect of intervention for these factors on these endpoints has so far been uncertain.
T227 313699-313963 Sentence denotes 362 men and women, aged 75 or less, discharged from hospital after a coronary heart disease (CHD) event within the past 12 months, were randomized to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) focused on stress management during one year (n=192), or to usual care (n=170).
T228 313964-314023 Sentence denotes Median attendance rate to the intervention program was 85%.
T229 314024-314118 Sentence denotes Risk factor and quality of life data were measured at baseline and after 6, 12, 18, 24 months.
T230 314119-314199 Sentence denotes Hospital admission data and survival data were obtained from national registers.
T231 314200-314397 Sentence denotes During 8 years of follow-up the intervention group had 41% less fatal and non-fatal first recurrent CVD rate, and 45% less recurrent acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rate than the reference group.
T232 314398-314601 Sentence denotes The study was powered to examine the combined endpoint of fatal and nonfatal recurrent coronary event rate and found a positive significant difference between groups (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42-0.83, p=0.003).
T233 314602-314830 Sentence denotes Subsequent analyses found a significantly reduced nonfatal recurrent acute myocardial infarction rate (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36-0.85, p=0.007), but no significant difference in allcause-mortality (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.40-1.30, p=0.28).
T234 314831-315015 Sentence denotes During the first 2 years of follow-up there were no significant group differences in quality of life, but the intervention group had a significantly stronger optimism about the future.
T235 315016-315098 Sentence denotes The CBT stress intervention decreased the risk of recurrent CVD and recurrent AMI.
T236 315099-315182 Sentence denotes A dose-response relationship between therapy attendance rate and risk was observed.
T237 315183-315286 Sentence denotes This has implications for targeting and strengthening of secondary preventive programs in CHD patients.
T238 315287-315414 Sentence denotes Psychosocial stress may accelerate atherosclerosis progression and worsen prognosis in women with coronary heart disease (CHD).
T239 315415-315603 Sentence denotes In Stockholm women, we found marital stress to be a stronger predictor than job stress, but behavioral interventions to reduce such psychosocial stressors in women had not been identified.
T240 315604-315776 Sentence denotes Based on previous findings, we implemented a cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) program for women and investigated its ability to improve survival in women coronary patients.
T241 315777-316000 Sentence denotes Consecutive women patients, aged 75 years or younger, hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, or percutaneous coronary intervention were randomized to group-based CBT or to usual care.
T242 316001-316097 Sentence denotes Intervention groups of 4 to 8 women met for a total of 20 sessions that were spread over a year.
T243 316098-316344 Sentence denotes We provided education about risk factors, relaxation training techniques, methods for self-monitoring and cognitive restructuring, with an emphasis on coping with stress exposure from family and work, self-care and compliance with medical advice.
T244 316345-316604 Sentence denotes From randomization until end of follow-up (mean duration, 7.1 years), 25 women (20%) in the usual care and 8 women (7%) in the CBT condition died, yielding an almost three fold protective effect of the intervention (HR = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.74; P= 0.007).
T245 316605-316730 Sentence denotes Controlling for relevant demographic and medical prognostic factors in multivariate models, confirmed the unadjusted results.
T246 316731-316794 Sentence denotes CBT improved survival independently of medication with statins.
T247 316795-316885 Sentence denotes Additionally, an interactive effect of statins with behavioral intervention was suggested.
T248 316886-317040 Sentence denotes In women who received both treatments, only one woman died, (1.5 %) as compared to 15 out of 70 (22 %) women who received none of the treatments(p=0.007).
T249 317041-317141 Sentence denotes We concluded that a group-based CBT program for women with coronary disease may prolong their lives.
T250 317142-317204 Sentence denotes This effect may be independent of clinical prognostic factors.
T251 317205-317419 Sentence denotes To evaluate correlates of sexual risk behaviors associated with HIV/AIDS infection among adolescents participating in 2005 Colorado Youth Risk Behavioral Survey, since previous studies have produced mixed findings.
T252 317420-317488 Sentence denotes The State mandates abstinenceonly program across all public schools.
T253 317489-317608 Sentence denotes Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate relationships among dependent variables and independent variables.
T254 317609-317712 Sentence denotes We found no significant effect of having received in-school HIV/AIDS education on all outcome measures.
T255 317713-317898 Sentence denotes Compared with females, males were more likely to initiate sex at a relatively younger age, report unprotected sex with multiple partners, and to drink alcohol before sexual intercourse.
T256 317899-318159 Sentence denotes Efforts to control the HIV/AIDS epidemic among adolescents may need to focus on targeted interventions aimed at addressing gender-and racial/ethnic-specific risk exposures among this population group, including risk behaviors linked with lifetime sexual abuse.
T257 318160-318321 Sentence denotes The need to re-examine the role of in-school HIV prevention programs to build adequate competencies among students, parents and community leaders is recommended.
T258 318322-318433 Sentence denotes Irritable bowel syndrome is a highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGD) in western countries.
T259 318434-318599 Sentence denotes Often, the disorder occurs in comorbidity with additional functional symptoms like chronic pelvic pain, fatigue or psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression.
T260 318600-318657 Sentence denotes Females suffer at least twice as often from FGD than men.
T261 318658-318807 Sentence denotes Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent FGD and research shows a strong association between chronic stress and trauma in these patients.
T262 318808-319039 Sentence denotes Due to the increasing knowledge on psychobiological mechanisms regulating adaptive processes to stress, research focuses on functional syndromes, which seem to be associated with maladaption of biological stress regulatory systems.
T263 319040-319150 Sentence denotes This symposium refers to the different biological factors contributing to the etiology and maintenance of IBS.
T264 319151-319358 Sentence denotes Besides prevalence rates on the high number of females with IBS, naturally occurring variation of female life conditions like menstrual cycle will be discussed with respect to the occurrence of IBS symptoms.
T265 319359-319542 Sentence denotes Additionally, data on different biological systems like the HPA axis, pain perception, serotonergic pathways will be presented with reference to IBS and possible treatment approaches.
T266 319543-319561 Sentence denotes Background & Aims:
T267 319562-319631 Sentence denotes Stress has been considered as an important etiological factor in IBS.
T268 319632-319735 Sentence denotes The physiological mechanisms between stress and gut disturbances, however, are incompletely understood.
T269 319736-319914 Sentence denotes The current studies aimed to investigate the association between different stressors and functional gastrointestinal (FGI) complaints in female IBS patients and healthy controls.
T270 319915-319923 Sentence denotes Methods:
T271 319924-320114 Sentence denotes In an Internet-based survey conducted in a large number of students, the prevalence of FGI symptoms and perceived stress (chronic stress, coping strategies, stress reactivity) were measured.
T272 320115-320230 Sentence denotes In a second trial basal and stimulated HPA axis activity was assessed in 57 women with IBS and 20 matched controls.
T273 320231-320354 Sentence denotes IBS diagnosis was made according the Rome III criteria and psychiatric comorbidity was assessed using a clinical interview.
T274 320355-320478 Sentence denotes Salivary morning cortisol and diurnal profile were obtained and a standardized psychosocial stress test (TSST) was applied.
T275 320479-320561 Sentence denotes Cortisol and ACTH were measured before and within one hour following the stressor.
T276 320562-320570 Sentence denotes Results:
T277 320571-320787 Sentence denotes Two third of the online study sample (n=668) reported FGI complaints which were significantly predicted by female gender, high levels of chronic stress, dispositional stress reactivity, and use of maladaptive coping.
T278 320788-320896 Sentence denotes The biological results indicated that female IBS patients have intact circadian rhythmicity of the HPA axis.
T279 320897-321038 Sentence denotes However, women with diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS-D) exhibited substantially heightened cortisol at awakening and nearly no morning increase.
T280 321039-321204 Sentence denotes In response to the laboratory stressor significantly blunted cortisol (p< 0.05) and slightly attenuated ACTH secretion was observed in patients compared to controls.
T281 321205-321311 Sentence denotes In the recovery period ACTH levels were significantly lower in patients than in healthy subjects (p<0.05).
T282 321312-321397 Sentence denotes Women with IBS perceived higher general and situation specific stress susceptibility.
T283 321398-321527 Sentence denotes Conclusions: FGI syndromes, including IBS, seem to be common in apparently healthy subjects whereas female gender is a predictor.
T284 321528-321615 Sentence denotes Several naturally occurring stressors are associated with the presence of FGI symptoms.
T285 321616-321747 Sentence denotes In both studies psychological stress measures were overall increased in the IBS group and propose heightened stress susceptibility.
T286 321748-321848 Sentence denotes Biological data indicate an association between basal HPA axis activity and predominant bowel habit.
T287 321849-322018 Sentence denotes Furthermore, the downregulated HPA axis reactivity in women with IBS following the laboratory stressor (TSST) suggests an attenuated sensitivity of the endocrine system.
T288 322019-322178 Sentence denotes The strong relationship between stress experience and the occurrence of IBS indicates that stress-reducing interventions may be beneficial in such individuals.
T289 322179-322400 Sentence denotes Inst. of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany and 2 Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
T290 322401-322412 Sentence denotes Background:
T291 322413-322605 Sentence denotes In this set of fMRI studies, our goal was to establish experimental pain paradigms to address emotional and cognitive modulation of the behavioural as well as neural response to visceral pain.
T292 322606-322613 Sentence denotes Method:
T293 322614-322982 Sentence denotes The blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response to painful rectal distensions was assessed at baseline, in a negative emotional context induced by psychological stress (emotional modulation study: carried out in 15 female IBS patients and 12 healthy women) and in a visceral placebo analgesia paradigm (cognitive modulation study: carried out in 36 healthy subjects).
T294 322983-323336 Sentence denotes For visceral placebo analgesia, a deceptive study paradigm was used in which expectation of analgesia was manipulated by giving subjects different instructions regarding an intravenous infusion of either "a highly potent analgesic drug" or "an inert substance", when in reality all subjects received a placebo (saline) during painful rectal distensions.
T295 323337-323345 Sentence denotes Results:
T296 323346-323494 Sentence denotes Distensions delivered in a negative emotional context increased distension-induced discomfort and urge to defecate in IBS patients but not controls.
T297 323495-323700 Sentence denotes At the same time, IBS patients demonstrated more pronounced stress-induced modulation of neural activation during rectal stimulation in the insula, midcingulate cortex, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.
T298 323701-323868 Sentence denotes The placebo analgesia paradigm, carried out in healthy subjects, revealed that manipulation of expectation resulted in significantly decreased subjective pain ratings.
T299 323869-324031 Sentence denotes Placebo responders demonstrated significantly greater activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during expectation of analgesia compared to non-responders.
T300 324032-324043 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T301 324044-324167 Sentence denotes Pain amplification and hypervigilance in IBS may be related to altered affective-cognitive modulation of the pain response.
T302 324168-324189 Sentence denotes CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
T303 324190-324478 Sentence denotes Sven Benson, PhD, Inst. of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, 45122; sven.benson@uk-essen.de SS06c FOOD, MOOD, GENES, AND GENDER Paul Enck, PhD and Sibylle Klosterhalfen, PhD Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospitals, Tuebingen, Germany.
T304 324479-324611 Sentence denotes The importance of serotonin in regulation of central (mood, hunger) and peripheral (intestinal) functions has long been established.
T305 324612-324884 Sentence denotes Nutritive interventions however, e.g. the increase in dietary tryptophan -the metabolic precursor of serotonin -for the treatment of eating disorders (anorexia), mood disorders (depression), migraine, and the irritable bowel syndrome have not produced significant Results:
T306 324885-325036 Sentence denotes The unbalanced population prevalence of these disorders in men and women allows concluding a contribution of gender to the efficacy such interventions.
T307 325037-325264 Sentence denotes Shortterm depletion of tryptophan from food (called acute tryptophan depletion, ATD) has been shown to provoke the respective symptoms both in healthy volunteers as well as in patients, but seems to work predominantly in women.
T308 325265-325388 Sentence denotes Therefore, gender differences must exist in the serotonin metabolism and its utilization in the brain and in the periphery.
T309 325389-325580 Sentence denotes In addition, genetic predisposition has been shown to exist that determines -among others -the effectiveness of serotoninergic interventions in patients, with drugs as well as with nutrients.
T310 325581-325713 Sentence denotes We will review the current evidence for the contribution of gender on food, mood, and genetic determinants of serotonin utilization.
T311 325714-325846 Sentence denotes In the U.S. and other western industrial countries more women than men seek health care services for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
T312 325847-325945 Sentence denotes In addition, the health care impact of IBS also appears to be greater in women as compared to men.
T313 325946-326013 Sentence denotes Women with IBS commonly report other somatic and visceral symptoms.
T314 326014-326116 Sentence denotes Muscle and joint pain and disturbed sleep patterns are among the most common and the most distressing.
T315 326117-326301 Sentence denotes Gender differences exist in types of GI symptoms (women report greater problems with constipation while men more frequently report diarrhea) as well as other extra-intestinal symptoms.
T316 326302-326459 Sentence denotes The role of menstrual cycle in IBS symptom reporting is based on observations that women with IBS frequently report cyclic changes in their symptom severity.
T317 326460-326615 Sentence denotes Women with IBS often report other menstrual cycle linked conditions including migraine headache, dysmenorrhea and premenstrual dysphoria distress syndrome.
T318 326616-326669 Sentence denotes Gender differences in IBS begin to emerge at puberty.
T319 326670-326791 Sentence denotes In children, the rubric of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) includes IBS, functional abdominal pain, and likely, dyspepsia.
T320 326792-326880 Sentence denotes Prior to puberty there is an equal proportion of boys and girls with a diagnosis of RAP.
T321 326881-326966 Sentence denotes The factors responsible for the divergence in prevalence after puberty are not clear.
T322 326967-327123 Sentence denotes Studies suggest that both environmental (i.e., increased risk if a parent has IBS) and gender factors (i.e., changes in hormonal milieu) likely play a role.
T323 327124-327206 Sentence denotes The incidence of IBS in both men and women appears to decrease in late middle age.
T324 327207-327452 Sentence denotes The severity of GI symptoms, including abdominal pain, altered bowel habits, and bloating, varies across phases of the menstrual cycle as well as during the menopause transition in some women with or without IBS or other functional GI disorders.
T325 327453-327664 Sentence denotes A limited number of studies indicate that premenses (days immediately preceding the onset of menses) and menses, compared with other cycle phases, are periods of increased GI symptom distress in women age 19-37.
T326 327665-327772 Sentence denotes Women with IBS experience a greater impact of menstrual cycle on symptoms as compared to those without IBS.
T327 327773-327898 Sentence denotes While not extensively studied, oral contraceptives appear to modestly reduce but not eliminate GI symptoms in those with IBS.
T328 327899-328160 Sentence denotes This paper will present they hypothesis that declining or low ovarian hormone levels underlies the occurrence or exacerbations of abdominal pain/discomfort across the menstrual cycle and the perimenopause-early menopause transition in women with or without IBS.
T329 328161-328320 Sentence denotes Increased availalability of data and recent developments in longitudinal modelling improve the possibilities to understand the long-term development of health.
T330 328321-328538 Sentence denotes The symposium will present four papers exploring trajectories of health and health-related behavior -based on annual measurements over 9-18 years -in relation to retirement, sickness absence, and socioeconomic status.
T331 328539-328769 Sentence denotes The two first papers show that retirement was associated with a substantial decrease in fatigue, depressive symptoms, and increase in adherence to medical treatment among individuals with chronic hypertension following retirement.
T332 328770-328865 Sentence denotes Poor adherence before retirement was more common among individuals exposed to high work stress.
T333 328866-329020 Sentence denotes The third paper shows that the association between diagnosis-specific sickness absences and sustained sub-optimal health varies by socioeconomic position.
T334 329021-329212 Sentence denotes While the association with self-rated health was significantly stronger for mental disorders than for musculoskeletal disorders in the higher grades, the inverse was true in the lower grades.
T335 329213-329385 Sentence denotes The fourth paper shows that weight continues to increase in the transition between midlife and old age, and that this increase is greater in the lower socioeconomic groups.
T336 329386-329556 Sentence denotes As discussant, research director Archana Singh-Manoux will highlight the methodological possibilities and challenges in understanding the long-term development of health.
T337 329557-329568 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T338 329569-329725 Sentence denotes To determine, using longitudinal analyses, if retirement is followed by a change in the risk of incident chronic diseases, depressive symptoms, and fatigue.
T339 329726-329760 Sentence denotes Design, Setting, and Participants:
T340 329761-329971 Sentence denotes A prospective cohort study with multiple repeated annual surveys from seven years before through seven years after retirement in a large French occupational cohortthe GAZEL study -of 11,246 men and 2,858 women.
T341 329972-330052 Sentence denotes Data were collected by questionnaire each year from 1989 through 2007 inclusive.
T342 330053-330075 Sentence denotes Main Outcome Measures:
T343 330076-330288 Sentence denotes Respiratory disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and stroke, mental fatigue, and physical fatigue, measured each year of the 15-year observation period, and depressive symptoms, measured at four time points.
T344 330289-330297 Sentence denotes Results:
T345 330298-330550 Sentence denotes Repeated-measures logistic regression with generalized estimating equations showed that the cumulative prevalence of respiratory diseases, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease and stroke increased with age, with no break in the trend around retirement.
T346 330551-330827 Sentence denotes In contrast, we found retirement to be associated with a substantial decrease in the prevalence of both mental fatigue (odds ratio [OR] for fatigue one year after versus one year before the retirement 0.19; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.21) and physical fatigue (OR 0.27; CI 0.26 to 0.30).
T347 330828-330919 Sentence denotes A slightly smaller decrease was observed in depressive symptoms (OR 0.60; CI 0.53 to 0.67).
T348 330920-331033 Sentence denotes The decrease in fatigue around retirement was more pronounced among those with chronic disease before retirement.
T1 331034-331046 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T2 331047-331275 Sentence denotes Retirement appears not to change the risk of major chronic diseases, but it is associated with a substantial reduction in mental and physical fatigue and depressive symptoms, particularly among participants with chronic disease.
T3 331276-331503 Sentence denotes Future research should investigate the generalisability of the findings to other countries and settings, examine the consequences of fatigue among older workers, as well as explore various possible determinants of such fatigue.
T4 331504-331515 Sentence denotes Background:
T5 331516-331653 Sentence denotes Retirement is a major social transition believed to have important consequences for health, but empirical evidence remains contradictory.
T6 331654-331761 Sentence denotes The effects of retirement on the risk of specific diseases with major public health importance are unknown.
T7 331762-331989 Sentence denotes Because poor adherence to treatment can increase the risk of severe medical complications, we examined if retirement is followed by a change in the use of antihypertensive medication among individuals with chronic hypertension.
T8 331990-331998 Sentence denotes Methods:
T9 331999-332207 Sentence denotes We linked an occupational cohort of 1820 retired employees in Finland (71% women) entitled to special reimbursement due to chronic hypertension before retirement to national health and prescription registers.
T10 332208-332333 Sentence denotes The prescription register contains data on the exact dates and defined daily dosages of every purchase of prescription drugs.
T11 332334-332484 Sentence denotes Annual use of antihypertensive medication was measured for each year during a period covering 4 years before and 4 years after the year of retirement.
T12 332485-332493 Sentence denotes Results:
T13 332494-332629 Sentence denotes Repeated-measures showed that adherence was significantly better in the years after retirement compared to the years before retirement.
T14 332630-332901 Sentence denotes The ratio of mean number of days not covered by purchased prescribed drugs in the four years following, compared with the four years preceding, retirement was 0.74 (95% CI 0.67-0.81) after adjustment for sex, age at retirement, occupational status and year of retirement.
T15 332902-333026 Sentence denotes This improvement in adherence was observed in both sexes, in all occupational grades and irrespective of type of retirement.
T16 333027-333446 Sentence denotes However, the improvement in adherence following retirement was significantly greater among employees with high job strain before retirement compared to the others: the mean ratio of days not covered by prescribed drugs in the post-retirement years compared to the pre-retirement years 0.58 (95% CI 0.47-0.70) in the high strain group and 0.78 (95% CI 0.71-0.87) in the low strain group (test of interaction, p= 0.0004).
T17 333447-333538 Sentence denotes Further adjustments for baseline health indicators had little effect on these associations.
T18 333539-333551 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T19 333552-333731 Sentence denotes Repeated measurements provide evidence for a substantial and sustained increase in adherence to medical treatment among individuals with chronic hypertension following retirement.
T20 333732-333826 Sentence denotes Poor adherence before retirement is more common among individuals exposed to high work stress.
T21 333827-334067 Sentence denotes Because inadequate treatment of chronic hypertension increases the risk of severe medical complications, our findings suggest that the retirement-related relief of work-stress may decrease the risk of complications in high-risk populations.
T22 334068-334079 Sentence denotes Background:
T23 334080-334348 Sentence denotes Previous studies show a remarkably persistent association between sickness absence and future long-term selfrated health status for the majority of diagnostic categories for sickness absence but it is unclear whether this association differs by socioeconomic position.
T24 334349-334357 Sentence denotes Methods.
T25 334358-334522 Sentence denotes Prospective occupational cohort of 15,320 employees (73% men) aged 37 to 51, of whom 30% were in higher, 55% intermediate, and 15% in the lower occupational grades.
T26 334523-334684 Sentence denotes Sickness absence records 1990-1992, including 13 diagnostic categories, were examined in relation to self-rated health measured annually for the years 1993-2006.
T27 334685-334693 Sentence denotes Results:
T28 334694-334787 Sentence denotes Among higher grade employees 9.5% had >30 days of sickness during the 3-year exposure window.
T29 334788-334888 Sentence denotes The corresponding figure among intermediate and lower grade employees was 24% and 40%, respectively.
T30 334889-335264 Sentence denotes Repeated-measures logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and chronic diseases showed higher, intermediate, and lower grade employees with >30 absence days, compared to those with no absences, to have 2.22 (95% CI 1.90-2.60), 2.13 (95% CI 1.95-2.33), and 1.86 (95% CI 1.58-2.20) times higher odds of suboptimal health over the 14 years of follow-up, respectively.
T31 335265-335428 Sentence denotes Most of the 13 sickness absence diagnos-tic categories independently predicted an increased risk of sustained sub-optimal health in higher and intermediate grades.
T32 335429-335580 Sentence denotes However, few categories were predictive in the lower grades; mental disorders, diseases of the circulatory, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal systems.
T33 335581-335752 Sentence denotes While the association with self-rated health was significantly stronger for mental disorders in the higher grades, there was no association with musculoskeletal disorders.
T34 335753-335765 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T35 335766-335892 Sentence denotes The ability of diagnosis-specific sickness absences to predict sustained sub-optimal health differs by socioeconomic position.
T36 335893-336179 Sentence denotes The remarkably persistent association between sickness absence and future long-term self-rated health status for the majority of diagnostic categories for sickness absence was observable only in higher and intermediate grades, while for lower grade this association was less ubiquitous.
T37 336180-336191 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T38 336192-336312 Sentence denotes To examine socioeconomic differences in trajectories of body mass index (BMI) and obesity between the ages of 45 and 65.
T39 336313-336321 Sentence denotes Methods:
T40 336322-336451 Sentence denotes 13 541 men and 4 652 women from the French GAZEL study reported their height and weight annually over 18 years, starting in 1990.
T41 336452-336575 Sentence denotes Occupational position (managers, skilled and unskilled workers) at age 35 was the indicator of socioeconomic circumstances.
T42 336576-336755 Sentence denotes Changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) and obesity between ages 45 and 50, 50 and 55, 55 and 60 and 60 and 65 were modelled using Linear Mixed Models (Generalized Estimating Equations).
T43 336756-336860 Sentence denotes Results: BMI and obesity increased between the ages of 45 and 65, albeit at a slower pace at older ages.
T44 336861-337011 Sentence denotes In men, BMI was higher among unskilled workers compared to managers at age 45, the difference increased from 0.83 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval (CI):
T45 337012-337057 Sentence denotes 0.66, 0.99) at 45 years to 1.12 kg/m2 (95%CI:
T46 337058-337082 Sentence denotes 0.90, 1.33) at 65 years.
T47 337083-337246 Sentence denotes Estimated obesity rates were 3.37% and 7.54% in managers and unskilled workers at age 45 and 9.36% and 18.46% at age 65, the difference increasing by 4.93% (95%CI:
T48 337247-337259 Sentence denotes 2.81, 7.13).
T49 337260-337298 Sentence denotes A similar trend was observed in women.
T50 337299-337311 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T51 337312-337469 Sentence denotes This study shows that weight continues to increase in the transition between midlife and old age; this increase is greater in the lower socioeconomic groups.
T52 337470-337589 Sentence denotes Knowledge translation or exchange between health research, practice, and policy has received active attention recently.
T53 337590-337815 Sentence denotes Experiences and models from the more individual level behavioral or clinical medicine need to be expanded to include complex organizational and political realities of more contextual health promotion and public health fields.
T54 337816-337936 Sentence denotes The challenge of such expansion of models is increased all the more when moving from a national to a global perspective.
T55 337937-338136 Sentence denotes The symposium will contribute to the latest international developments and discussions in bridging between research knowledge, practice and policy making both within health care and health promotion.
T56 338137-338477 Sentence denotes Allan Best will present the results of a Canadian Institutes of Health Researchfunded meta-narrative review of conceptual models for knowledge to action, and a series of international workshops focused on "embedded" research or alternative organizational or network models to foster and support research applications to policy and practice.
T57 338478-338678 Sentence denotes Arja R Aro will describe the experiences and challenges as well as present the 1st year evaluation results of the universitymunicipality contractual collaboration in health policy planning in Denmark.
T58 338679-339064 Sentence denotes Edwin Fisher will describe models of peer support developed to support global promotion of peer support programs across differing cultures, populations, and health systems and then describe how that model is employed in global promotion efforts, focusing though at regional initiatives to demonstrate and advocate for peer support as a standard component of health care and prevention.
T59 339065-339120 Sentence denotes The symposium will provide time for general discussion.
T60 339121-339274 Sentence denotes A structural administrative reform in the Danish society in 2007 gave municipalities new responsibilities for preventive and health promotion activities.
T61 339275-339406 Sentence denotes In this new situation a window of opportunity opened for knowledge exchange between academia, practice and municipal policy makers.
T62 339407-339519 Sentence denotes Academia was expected to produce research evidence for applicable and cost effective interventions and policies.
T63 339520-339619 Sentence denotes On the other hand, academia lacked contextual information necessary for tailored research evidence.
T64 339620-339700 Sentence denotes Collaboration between these different stakeholders has proved to be challenging.
T65 339701-339926 Sentence denotes The Danish model consists of 3 year contracts for junior researcher-practitioner positions, co-funded by the university and municipalities with the aim to carry out scientific projectbased research relevant to municipalities.
T66 339927-340256 Sentence denotes The 1st year evaluation of the collaboration with 3 case municipalities has shown as major benefits: increased access and use of research-based working methods in the municipalities; image lift of the municipalities; concrete products such as usable research results and lectures delivered; and support in project implementation.
T67 340257-340576 Sentence denotes On the other hand, problems or challenges experienced have been: different working traditions and time scales; translating complicated research results into immediate and applicable practical knowhow; lack of time and capacity for knowledge exchange; and sometimes lack of mutual respect and trust between stakeholders.
T68 340577-340846 Sentence denotes All in all, collaboration and knowledge exchange has already in the 1st year lead to longer-term collaborative health policy planning; increased knowledge exchange; and also to an interest to start an evidence-based knowledge center within the area of health promotion.
T69 340847-341179 Sentence denotes Challenges ahead lie in developing capacity building among all stakeholder groups; organizational barriers; development of 'service packages' including contextually tailored research information e.g. of health profiles of communities; implementation in practice and policy making as well as longterm follow-up of the implementation.
T70 341180-341346 Sentence denotes The way we think about how health research, practice and policy inform and interact with each other dramatically shapes our efforts to improve health and health care.
T71 341347-341497 Sentence denotes And the ways in which many of us involved in health system improvements think about these interactions have changed markedly over the last five years.
T72 341498-341732 Sentence denotes Specifically, growing recognition of how systems dynamics and contextual factors affect implementation demands new models, more comprehensive comparative studies, and the development of new measures to evaluate key contextual factors.
T73 341733-342035 Sentence denotes This paper reports on a Canadian Institutes of Health Researchfunded systematic review of conceptual models for knowledge translation that employed the metanarrative methodology devel-oped by Greenhalgh for a major UK National Health Services review of diffusion of innovations in health organizations.
T74 342036-342459 Sentence denotes Key dimensions along which conceptual models vary will be used to frame a discussion of recent Canadian experiences with organizational models that foster and support research applications to policy and practice, and a series of preliminary international workshops focused on the need for prospective comparative case studies to derive generalizable lessons about how best to design systems support for knowledge to action.
T75 342460-342488 Sentence denotes The research questions were:
T76 342489-342491 Sentence denotes 1.
T77 342492-342571 Sentence denotes What are the distinct research traditions that guide conceptual models for KTA?
T78 342572-342574 Sentence denotes 2.
T79 342575-342662 Sentence denotes What is the nature and strength of the theoretical principles that underpin each model?
T80 342663-342665 Sentence denotes 3.
T81 342666-342789 Sentence denotes What is the nature and strength of the evidence related to the application of conceptual model(s) in real-world situations?
T82 342790-342792 Sentence denotes 4.
T83 342793-342877 Sentence denotes What are the important features of each model that distinguish it from other models?
T84 342878-342880 Sentence denotes 5.
T85 342881-342974 Sentence denotes How does each model address contextual factors known to influence KTA processes and outcomes?
T86 342975-342977 Sentence denotes 6.
T87 342978-343087 Sentence denotes How has each tradition developed over time as early models have been refined by the addition of new research?
T88 343088-343090 Sentence denotes 7.
T89 343091-343191 Sentence denotes What criteria might guide selection and refinement of the best model in a specific decision context?
T90 343192-343411 Sentence denotes The presentation will conclude with a summary of key issues and priorities for further development of conceptual models and evaluation tools for international studies examining knowledge to action systems in healthcare.
T91 343412-343876 Sentence denotes Peer support is at once a) a very powerful influence on behavior and well being in general as well as in health, b) at least as old as primates, c) widely provided around the world through formal programs and informal channels, but d) not well articulated in the health literature, e) without a well defined state of the art, and, therefore, f) not recognized as an important part of health care, and g) not systematically available to all who may benefit from it.
T92 343877-344049 Sentence denotes Peers for Progress of the American Academy of Family Physicians Foundation is dedicated to accelerating the availability of best practices in peer support around the world.
T93 344050-344329 Sentence denotes A major challenge is how to develop a coherent model of peer support that is applicable across widely differing cultural, organizational, and national settings. "Standardization by function, not content" guided development of a coherent yet broadly applicable and flexible model.
T94 344330-344651 Sentence denotes Through a WHO consultation with experts from 20 different countries, literature review, and work with 14 grantees representing 9 countries, four key functions of peer support have been identified: assistance in daily management, social and emotional support, linkage to clinical care, and ongoing availability of support.
T95 344652-344800 Sentence denotes These are implemented in varied ways, by telephone, individual meetings, group meetings, etc. but have been found applicable across varied settings.
T96 344801-344933 Sentence denotes A second challenge is how to promote best practices in something that is as old as primates and widely implemented around the world.
T97 344934-345242 Sentence denotes This has led to emphasis on promoting a coherent model of support around the key functions described above, but, then, working with existing programs to encourage information and model sharing, knowledge management, and advocacy through networks and collaborations focused at the national and regional level.
T98 345243-345561 Sentence denotes Eventually, a network of networks would link peer support programs around the world, facilitating their quality improvement, helping them to achieve recognition of peer support as a key component of care through their own health systems, and, thereby, increasing their ability to reach the millions they might benefit.
T99 345562-345748 Sentence denotes In spite of promoting regular physical activity in healthy workplace, Thai employers who have been either risks of cardiovascular diseases or healthy are becoming less active physically.
T100 345749-345874 Sentence denotes Identification of effective strategies to enhance regular physical activity is becoming a priority for health care providers.
T101 345875-346032 Sentence denotes The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) has been successfully applied to promote physical activity in different countries, but has been limited testing in Thailand.
T102 346033-346319 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to test the TTM constructs of stages of change, processes of change (POC), self-efficacy (SE), and decisional balance (Pros and Cons), for their applicability as determinants of engaging in regular physical activity (PA) among Thai employers in workplaces.
T103 346320-346465 Sentence denotes This study used a descriptive design with an accidental sampling of 668 Thai employers working in two workplaces in Saraburi provinces, Thailand.
T104 346466-346600 Sentence denotes All participants completed questionnaires measuring demographic, regular moderate-intensity PA, and variables from the TTM constructs.
T105 346601-346703 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed by using mean, standard deviation, analysis of variance, and discriminant analysis.
T106 346704-346862 Sentence denotes The results of this study indicated that the weekly moderateintensity PA, processes of change, self-efficacy, and pros consistently increased across 5 stages.
T107 346863-347000 Sentence denotes Finally, the set of variables including TTM constructs and weekly moderate PA was able to correctly classify stage for 37.3% of subjects.
T108 347001-347131 Sentence denotes The present study indicated that TTM may be useful to develop strategies to enhance regular PA among Thai Employers in workplaces.
T109 347132-347143 Sentence denotes Background:
T110 347144-347272 Sentence denotes There is a growing body of research that has demonstrated that conscientiousness is associated with longevity and health status.
T111 347273-347431 Sentence denotes In parallel research, job strain (characterized by high job demands and low job control) has been found to be linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk.
T112 347432-347567 Sentence denotes Previous work has focused on potential explanatory mechanisms such that conscientiousness has been found to impact on health behaviors.
T113 347568-347793 Sentence denotes However, little research has explored the extent to which conscientiousness may moderate the job strain-health outcome relationship and has been overly reliant on "snapshot" retrospective measurements of key health behaviors.
T114 347794-347999 Sentence denotes Therefore, using a multilevel daily diary design, this study investigated the impact of conscientiousness on health behaviors and daily stressors in individuals working in high compared to low strain jobs.
T115 348000-348008 Sentence denotes Methods:
T116 348009-348083 Sentence denotes 420 employees (193 male, 227 female) completed daily diaries over 4-weeks.
T117 348084-348248 Sentence denotes Day-to-day within-person effects of daily stressors (or hassles) on health behaviors were examined, together with the influence of conscientiousness and job strain.
T118 348249-348257 Sentence denotes Results:
T119 348258-348501 Sentence denotes Using Hierarchical Multivariate Linear Modeling, the results showed in individuals working in high strain jobs, conscientiousness and its facets were associated with lower fat and sugar snack intake, and higher fruit and vegetable consumption.
T120 348502-348648 Sentence denotes Moreover, the facets of conscientiousness were found to also significantly moderate the impact of daily stressors on a number of health behaviors.
T121 348649-348785 Sentence denotes In contrast, few significant direct or moderated effects of conscientiousness were identified in individuals working in low strain jobs.
T122 348786-348798 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T123 348799-349164 Sentence denotes Our results show that: i) conscientiousness and its facets may directly buffer the effects of high strain on daily health behaviors and moderate the impact of daily stressors on these behaviors and, ii) the influence of conscientiousness Non-response analysis of a nationwide mail survey from Finland Response rates in health oriented survey research are declining.
T124 349165-349200 Sentence denotes The bias caused by this is unclear.
T125 349201-349205 Sentence denotes Aim:
T126 349206-349389 Sentence denotes The aim of the study was to compare all-cause and disease mortality and mortality related to external causes among participants and non-participants of a large mail survey in Finland.
T127 349390-349403 Sentence denotes Study design:
T128 349404-349579 Sentence denotes The study is based on the complete sample (N=67 644) of the Health and Social Support (HeSSup) prospective mail survey initiated in 1998 with a panel follow up survey in 2003.
T129 349580-349604 Sentence denotes Individuals and Methods:
T130 349605-349838 Sentence denotes Of the original sample 67588 individuals could be re-identified in registries comprising 33 446 women and 34 142 men The original sample represented the concurrent age cohorts of 20-24, 30-34, 40-44 and 50-54 years of age in Finland.
T131 349839-349900 Sentence denotes The response rate of the initial survey was 40 %, (N=25 901).
T132 349901-350041 Sentence denotes The participants were asked a signed consent for linkage of the survey data to national health and pension registers which was given by 92%.
T133 350042-350273 Sentence denotes In 2007, the survey material was completed by Statistics Finland with data on mortality and by the Finnish Centre for Pensions with data on cumulative incidence of disability pensions and rehabilitation allowance from 1998 to 2006.
T134 350274-350334 Sentence denotes The same data was anonymously delivered for non-respondents.
T135 350335-350410 Sentence denotes The statistical analysis was performed with Cox proportional Hazard models.
T136 350411-350419 Sentence denotes Results:
T137 350420-350596 Sentence denotes Total mortality was significantly higher for nonrespondent compared to respondent women in age group 50-54 years and for non-respondent men in age groups 40-44 and 50-54 years.
T138 350597-350722 Sentence denotes Violent mortality was higher for non-respondent men in age brackets 30-34 and 40-44 years but not for any age group of women.
T139 350723-350835 Sentence denotes Disease mortality was higher for non-respondent women in age group 50-54 years but not for any age group of men.
T140 350836-351024 Sentence denotes A significantly higher incidence of disability pensions among non-respondents was observed, but this was almost totally due to pensions related to mental disorders, especially among women.
T141 351025-351036 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T142 351037-351083 Sentence denotes Non-response might bias health survey Results:
T143 351084-351240 Sentence denotes However, the greatest implications probably influence how results can be generalized and not necessary results about particular risk and protective factors.
T144 351241-351252 Sentence denotes Background:
T145 351253-351346 Sentence denotes Socioeconomic differences in health are well established, and stable or increasing in Europe.
T146 351347-351410 Sentence denotes Psychobiological factors may be mediators of these differences.
T147 351411-351490 Sentence denotes The differences appear to occur as a gradient, rather than in distinct classes.
T148 351491-351636 Sentence denotes Explanations offered for these differences may be classified into two possibly interacting categories: structural factors and individual factors.
T149 351637-351843 Sentence denotes In this study we examine how individually acquired expectancies of being able or unable to handle the stressors and challenges of everyday life relate to individual health and to the socioeconomic gradient.
T150 351844-352005 Sentence denotes According to the Cognitive Activation Theory of Stress (CATS) learned response outcome expectancies affect health through health behaviours and stress responses.
T151 352006-352014 Sentence denotes Methods:
T152 352015-352212 Sentence denotes A cross-sectional study of response outcome expectancies, socioeconomic status and health in the 2008 follow-up of a representative sample of the Swedish working population in 2003-2005 (N=11441) .
T153 352213-352222 Sentence denotes Findings:
T154 352223-352373 Sentence denotes Response expectancy variables (coping, helplessness, and hopelessness) showed clear and monotonous gradients over a Socioeconomic Status (SES) ladder.
T155 352374-352515 Sentence denotes Multiple regression analysis revealed that coping was related to subjective SES, but could not be explained by age, gender, or objective SES.
T156 352516-352702 Sentence denotes After controlling for age and gender, response outcome expectancies explained more variance (r2=0.162) in self-rated health than subjective and objective socioeconomic status (r2=0.078).
T157 352703-352718 Sentence denotes Interpretation:
T158 352719-352820 Sentence denotes The results indicate that there are systematic differences in coping across the socioeconomic ladder.
T159 352821-353016 Sentence denotes These differences are independent of objective social status and are associated with health, suggesting that psychological and learning factors contribute to the socioeconomic gradient in health.
T160 353017-353200 Sentence denotes Colorectal cancer is the third leading cancer in incidence and mortality among US adults, and these rates are higher in the African American community than among other subpopulations.
T161 353201-353306 Sentence denotes Theory-based health communication interventions aim to increase awareness and screening for this disease.
T162 353307-353433 Sentence denotes The Health Belief Model is one of the most used models on which behavior change interventions and their evaluations are based.
T163 353434-353599 Sentence denotes Previous work has been conducted to develop quality assessments of the Health Belief Model constructs in both breast and more recently in colorectal cancer contexts.
T164 353600-353736 Sentence denotes However, instrument development initiatives have not focused specifically on disparities-affected populations such as African Americans.
T165 353737-353912 Sentence denotes We present adapted instruments to assess Health Belief Model constructs, that were adapted/enriched based on qualitative research (e.g., focus groups) among African Americans.
T166 353913-354024 Sentence denotes Two brief scales assess barriers to colonoscopy and fecal occult blood test, specific to the healthcare system.
T167 354025-354126 Sentence denotes Internal consistencies were modest (α=.33; α=.43, respectively) and may indicate multidimensionality.
T168 354127-354249 Sentence denotes A third scale assesses additional areas of colorectal cancer knowledge (α=78), based on the qualitative research findings.
T169 354250-354315 Sentence denotes Factor structures and other psychometric properties are reported.
T170 354316-354383 Sentence denotes Scores on the instruments were associated with screening behaviors.
T171 354384-354743 Sentence denotes This work is consistent with the recent special issue of Health Education and Behavior, on "Behavioral Constructs and Culture for Cancer Screening", in which it is suggested that traditional behavior change theories developed for mainstream US culture may need to be adapted when working with disparities-affected populations such as racial/ethnic minorities.
T172 354744-354846 Sentence denotes The National Centre for Occupational rehabilitation, Rauland, Norway and 2 Uni Health, Bergen, Norway.
T173 354847-354858 Sentence denotes Background:
T174 354859-355066 Sentence denotes Longitudinal studies are required to understand more about the complex RTW process after rehabilitation and to explore if there are different sick-leave patterns between different sociodemographic subgroups.
T175 355067-355377 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to examine if duration of sick-leave before rehabilitation and socio-demographic factors as gender, age, medical diagnosis, and occupation predict different sick-leave patterns or RTW outcomes in a 5-year follow-up period after a 4-weeks inpatient occupational rehabilitation program.
T176 355378-355386 Sentence denotes Methods:
T177 355387-355606 Sentence denotes The sample consisted of 584 patients (66% females, mean age 44 years [sd=9.3], long-term sick-listed; mean duration 9.3 months [sd=3.4] for psychological (47%), musculoskeletal (46%) and unspecific/other diagnosis (7%).
T178 355607-355896 Sentence denotes Register data from The National Insurance Administration in Norway was analysed in an 8 state-model: working, graded sick-listed, sick-listed, medical rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, part-time disability pension, time-limited disability pension and permanent disability pension.
T179 355897-356077 Sentence denotes Extended proportional hazards regression models, were applied to analyze socio-demographic prognostic factors for shifting between any of the 8 states during the 5 years follow up.
T180 356078-356089 Sentence denotes Background:
T181 356090-356205 Sentence denotes Evidence on the association between social status inconsistency (SI) and self-reported health is limited and mixed.
T182 356206-356306 Sentence denotes Moreover, only little research has been done to examine the pathway through which SI affects health.
T183 356307-356411 Sentence denotes Therefore we analysed the mediating effect of effort-reward imbalance at work (ERI) on this association.
T184 356412-356420 Sentence denotes Methods:
T185 356421-356528 Sentence denotes Analyses were based on a random sample of 1111 male employees (25-64 years) from the south-west of Germany.
T186 356529-356585 Sentence denotes Data were collected by a telephone interview in 2008/09.
T187 356586-356783 Sentence denotes Information on socio-demographic variables, social status indicators (education, occupational grade and income), occupational strain (ERI), and physical as well as mental health (SF-12) were given.
T188 356784-356923 Sentence denotes Results: SI was significantly associated to low mental health, both directly and, consistent to our hypothesis, indirectly via low rewards.
T189 356924-357043 Sentence denotes As SI was also related to low effort, no association was found for the quotient of both scales (ERI) and mental health.
T190 357044-357143 Sentence denotes The effect of SI on physical health was entirely mediated by low rewards without any direct effect.
T191 357144-357421 Sentence denotes The inclusion CITATION ABSTRACT 10:48 AM-11:06 AM OS08-B WORKPLACE BULLYING AND MENTAL PROBLEMS Eero Lahelma, PhD, Tea Lallukka, PhD, Mikko Laaksonen, PhD, Ossi Rahkonen, PhD and Peppiina Saastamoinen, MSc Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
T192 357422-357572 Sentence denotes Background Bullying is a common problem at workplaces with potentially long-lasting adverse consequences for the mental health of the bullied victims.
T193 357573-357726 Sentence denotes We studied whether workplace bullying is prospectively associated with mental problems as indicated by antidepressant use among middleaged women and men.
T194 357727-357889 Sentence denotes Methods The participants were municipal employees aged 40-60 from the Finnish Helsinki Health Study cohort baseline survey in 2000-02 (n=8960, response rate 67%).
T195 357890-358023 Sentence denotes Workplace bullying was divided into those who reported being currently bullied and those who reported having been previously bullied.
T196 358024-358199 Sentence denotes Data on antidepressant prescriptions from the Finnish Social Security Institute registers were available before the baseline survey and were followed up until the end of 2007.
T197 358200-358319 Sentence denotes The prescription data were individually linked to the baseline survey data for those consenting for such linkage (78%).
T198 358320-358486 Sentence denotes Hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for age were calculated using Poisson regression analysis, excluding those with antidepressant use 1.5 years prior to the baseline survey.
T199 358487-358638 Sentence denotes Results At baseline 5% of both women and men reported being currently bullied, and 19% of women and 13% of men reported having previously been bullied.
T200 358639-358842 Sentence denotes Compared to the never bullied (HR 1.00) the currently bullied were more likely use antidepressants during the follow up among women (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.09-2.22) as well as men (HR 2.57, 95% CI 1.46-4.52).
T201 358843-358942 Sentence denotes The previously bullied were also more likely to use antidepressants but somewhat less so among men.
T202 358943-359129 Sentence denotes Conclusions Victims of workplace bullying are disproportionately prescribed antidepressants, suggesting that they run the risk of developing mental problems as a consequence of bullying.
T203 359130-359355 Sentence denotes Workplace bullying is an occupational and public health issue of concern which should be tackled in order to safeguard employee mental health and well-being. of further risk factors (age, BMI) did not attenuate these results.
T204 359356-359414 Sentence denotes Conclusions: SI is significantly associated to ill health.
T205 359415-359605 Sentence denotes Moreover, results indicate that at least a part of this relationship is explained by low rewards at work, findings with implications for further research in job strain and health inequality.
T206 359606-359617 Sentence denotes Background:
T207 359618-359796 Sentence denotes Return to work (RTW) in acutely hand-injured patients is not only influenced by biomedical determinants, but work-related and psychosocial determinants may influence RTW as well.
T208 359797-359862 Sentence denotes Aim of this study was to investigate which factors determine RTW.
T209 359863-359871 Sentence denotes Methods:
T210 359872-359998 Sentence denotes Patients with acute hand injuries (n=69) answered several questionnaires on biomedical, work-related and psychosocial factors.
T211 359999-360159 Sentence denotes All patients were between 18 and 65 years, employed, had sustained an acute hand injury and were treated in one of the two participating rehabilitation centers.
T212 360160-360168 Sentence denotes Results:
T213 360169-360263 Sentence denotes Primary outcome measure was RTW, dichotomized into early (≤10 weeks) and late RTW (>10 weeks).
T214 360264-360334 Sentence denotes The majority of the patients (55%) returned to work in the late stage.
T215 360335-360413 Sentence denotes Six percent of the patients did not RTW within one year, and 4% failed to RTW.
T216 360414-360663 Sentence denotes Accident location (Chi2:10.101; p=.001), job independence (U= 372.000; p =.021) and symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (S-PTSD) (U=257.000; p= .001) were univariately associated with RTW, and were entered in the logistic regression analysis.
T217 360664-360823 Sentence denotes Both S-PTSD (having more symptoms) and accident location (accident sustained on the job) were found to statistically predict late RTW in hand-injured patients.
T218 360824-360846 Sentence denotes Exploration of S-PTSD:
T219 360847-361004 Sentence denotes As S-PTSD are predictors of RTW in patients with acute hand-injuries, it is relevant to investigate which patients develop S-PTSD, and which patients do not.
T220 361005-361080 Sentence denotes Therefore, we investigated which factors predict S-PTSD in this population.
T221 361081-361313 Sentence denotes Pain (r = .530; p < .001), satisfaction with hand function (r=.−.451; p<.001), aesthetics (r=−.320; p=.009), palliative coping style (r=.281; p=.022) and avoidant coping style (r=.283; p=.022) were univariately associated to S-PTSD.
T222 361314-361446 Sentence denotes By performing a linear regression analysis, pain and aesthetics of the hand were found to statistically predict S-PTSD (adjusted R2:
T223 361447-361454 Sentence denotes 33.9%).
T224 361455-361466 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T225 361467-361575 Sentence denotes When patients sustained their hand injury on the job, attention should be paid to RTW during rehabilitation.
T226 361576-361736 Sentence denotes Furthermore, patients should regularly be checked for S-PTSD, especially if the aesthetics of the hand are severely disturbed, or when patients experience pain.
T227 361737-361897 Sentence denotes Most working adults with low back pain (LBP) continue to work despite pain, but few studies have assessed self-management strategies in this at-work population.
T228 361898-362174 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to identify workplace challenges and self-management strategies reported by workers remaining at work despite recurrent or persistent LBP, to be used as a framework for the development of a workplace group intervention to prevent back disability.
T229 362175-362337 Sentence denotes Workers with LBP (n=38) participated in 5 focus groups, and audio recordings of sessions were analyzed to assemble lists of common problems and coping strategies.
T230 362338-362408 Sentence denotes A separate analysis provided a general categorization of major themes.
T231 362409-362558 Sentence denotes Workplace pain problems fell within 4 domains: activity interference; negative self-perceptions; interpersonal challenges; and inflexibility of work.
T232 362559-362727 Sentence denotes Self-management strategies consisted of: modifying work activities and routines; reducing pain symptoms; using cognitive strategies; and communicating pain effectively.
T233 362728-362913 Sentence denotes Theme extraction identified 6 overarching themes: knowing your work setting; talking about pain; being prepared for a bad day; thoughts and emotions; keeping moving; and finding leeway.
T234 362914-363159 Sentence denotes To retain workers with LBP, this qualitative investigation suggests future intervention efforts should focus on worker communication and cognitions related to pain, pacing of work, and employer efforts to provide leeway for altered job routines.
T235 363160-363323 Sentence denotes The development of newborn screening is benefitted by technological advances enabling blood spot testing to identify a wider variety of conditions (Stewart 2006) .
T236 363324-363554 Sentence denotes Introduction of these advances through programmes of research delivered in parallel to routine screening requires consideration of the ethical issues involved and appropriate mechanisms for gaining parental consent (Pollitt et al.
T237 363555-363577 Sentence denotes 1997 , Chadwick et al.
T238 363578-363585 Sentence denotes 1998 ).
T239 363586-363755 Sentence denotes Ponder et al. (2008 argue that ethical review needs to be more flexible in its attitude to the provision of information and consent processes for some types of research.
T240 363756-363979 Sentence denotes Exploration of parental views on consent practices is needed to inform the debate, and specifically consider whether more flexible research protocols are needed to fit with the public perception of research in this context.
T241 363980-364157 Sentence denotes This study has been undertaken to explore the views of parents and future parents regarding information provision and consent processes for expanded newborn screening in the UK.
T242 364158-364368 Sentence denotes Focus groups (n=29) and a web-survey (n=142) were employed to capture parental experiences of routine screening, and perceptions and attitudes to an expanded screening programme which would constitute research.
T243 364369-364507 Sentence denotes The results indicate that the provision of information and informed choice for routine screening is variable and generally unsatisfactory.
T244 364508-364637 Sentence denotes Parents want guaranteed information provision with clear decision making powers and an awareness of the choice available to them.
T245 364638-364789 Sentence denotes A paper-based information leaflet on expanded newborn screening information was reviewed by parents and found to be adequate for decision making (90%).
T246 364790-364865 Sentence denotes Recommendations are made for how this information can be further developed.
T247 364866-365044 Sentence denotes The difference between routine screening provision and expanded screening was not considered to be significant enough by participants to warrant formal written, informed consent.
T248 365045-365219 Sentence denotes 71% of the sample deemed the informed choice model adopted within current screening provision to be sufficient, supporting use of existing procedures within a research remit.
T249 365220-365378 Sentence denotes Compared to non-obese women, obese women are at higher risk for colorectal cancer (CRC), but also have lower rates of CRC screening, particularly colonoscopy.
T250 365379-365440 Sentence denotes We used mixed methods to better understand these disparities.
T251 365441-365640 Sentence denotes We conducted seven focus groups on CRC prevention with obese (BMI≥30) white and African American women (age≥50) who were not currently adherent to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening guidelines (N=31).
T252 365641-365703 Sentence denotes Discussions and coding were guided by the Health Belief Model.
T253 365704-365789 Sentence denotes Focus groups were followed by an online survey with 109 obese and 89 non-obese women.
T254 365790-365856 Sentence denotes We used Chi-square to compare weight groups on screening barriers.
T255 365857-366058 Sentence denotes Focus group revealed that women did not believe they were at risk for CRC and had poor knowledge of CRC prevention; they did not clearly understand the role of weight or screening in cancer prevention.
T256 366059-366182 Sentence denotes Many were unaware of potential risk factors for CRC and were much more aware of potential screening barriers than benefits.
T257 366183-366250 Sentence denotes Cost and time were the most frequently cited barriers to screening.
T258 366251-366368 Sentence denotes Further investigation revealed that women's time and healthcare dollars were focused on more pressing co-morbidities.
T259 366369-366519 Sentence denotes While most women relied on their physician to bring up important health issues, the internet was their most frequent source of prevention information.
T260 366520-366735 Sentence denotes Survey data confirmed that obese women were more likely than non-obese women to agree they had too many other health costs (p=0.049) or more important health concerns that took precedence over colonoscopy (p=0.045).
T261 366736-366863 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences by weight group in agreement with the more general cost and time barriers to colonoscopy.
T262 366864-367010 Sentence denotes Furthermore, a higher proportion (p=0.03) of obese women (41.1%) agreed that screening tests were embarrassing compared to on-obese women (28.6%).
T263 367011-367117 Sentence denotes Obese women were more than twice as likely as non-obese women to agree that they would not need a Purpose:
T264 367118-367327 Sentence denotes To examine the preliminary efficacy of a culturally sensitive educational video in promoting mammography use among Chinese-American women (age ≥40) who had never or had not been screened in the past 12 months.
T265 367328-367336 Sentence denotes Methods:
T266 367337-367397 Sentence denotes 546 Chinese immigrant women were randomized to three groups:
T267 367398-367506 Sentence denotes 1) viewed a culturally sensitive video; 2) viewed a generic video; and 3) read a fact sheet (control group).
T268 367507-367627 Sentence denotes Videos, guided by the Health Belief Model, were presented in "soap opera" format, ending with physician recommendations.
T269 367628-367749 Sentence denotes The cultural video particularly addressed Chinese culturally-based beliefs about cancer and was made in Chinese language.
T270 367750-367916 Sentence denotes In contrast, the multiethnic generic video targeted common health beliefs about mammography, not specific to Chinese women, and was made in English with Chinese dubs.
T271 367917-367992 Sentence denotes Our outcome was self-reported mammography use six months post-intervention.
T272 367993-368165 Sentence denotes Changes in key screening barriers (i.e., knowledge, cultural views, and health beliefs) pre-and post-intervention were evaluated using T-tests and linear regression models.
T273 368166-368208 Sentence denotes Participants were successfully randomized.
T274 368209-368293 Sentence denotes Thus, chi-square tests were used to examine group differences in screening outcomes.
T275 368294-368302 Sentence denotes Results:
T276 368303-368467 Sentence denotes The cultural video led to a significant 12 percentage point increase in mammography use relative to the control arm (41% vs. 29%, p=.02; baseline screening rate=0).
T277 368468-368590 Sentence denotes The increased screening rate of the generic video group (38%) did not significantly differ from that of the control group.
T278 368591-368816 Sentence denotes The cultural video also significantly increased mammography use among low-acculturated and never screened women relative to the control arm (39% vs. 26%, p=.03 and 29% vs. 15% p=.056, respectively); the generic video did not.
T279 368817-368963 Sentence denotes Both videos had a greater impact on improving women's knowledge, cultural, and attitudinal barriers to mammography (p<.0001) than the control arm.
T280 368964-368976 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T281 368977-369264 Sentence denotes A culturally sensitive video program is relatively efficacious in increasing mammography use over a standard intervention program for Chinese women, suggesting that cultural tailoring of intervention programs is needed to promote low screening rates of this growing immigrant population.
T282 369265-369314 Sentence denotes screening if they did not have symptoms (p=0.04).
T283 369315-369418 Sentence denotes Treatment of obesity-related co-morbidities may take precedence over cancer prevention in primary care.
T284 369419-369522 Sentence denotes Messages which focus on prevention and screening benefits may improve healthy behaviors in obese women.
T285 369523-369690 Sentence denotes This study investigated whether differential framing of CRC risk and Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) information impacted upon cancer attitudes and screening behaviour.
T286 369691-369762 Sentence denotes N=660 people 50-71 years were assigned to one of 6 intervention groups.
T287 369763-369831 Sentence denotes They completed a laboratory-based survey measuring cancer attitudes.
T288 369832-370039 Sentence denotes After reading information about CRC risk statistics (positive or negative framing, two-level variable) and FOBT advantages, disadvantages, or both/balanced (three-level variable), attitudes were re-measured.
T289 370040-370098 Sentence denotes Participants were given a card to request a free FOBT kit.
T290 370099-370241 Sentence denotes Return of card within 7 days was measured as intention to screen, and return of completed kit within 35 days was measured as screening uptake.
T291 370242-370425 Sentence denotes Results were analysed using Chi-square statistics and repeated measures ANOVA to examine the influence of information provision, in its different forms, on attitudes to CRC screening.
T292 370426-370589 Sentence denotes From pre-intervention to post-intervention, risk perception scores increased (F(1,448) = 18.24;p<0.001), and optimistic bias decreased (F(1,654) = 14.50; p<0.001).
T293 370590-370720 Sentence denotes Powerful others locus of control increased (F(1,654) = 11.22; p<0.001), as did Chance locus of control (F(1,654) = 29.25;p<0.001).
T294 370721-370780 Sentence denotes There were no treatment effects for any of these variables.
T295 370781-370912 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference for intention to screen between the CRC risk information frames or FOBT information conditions.
T296 370913-371024 Sentence denotes For screening uptake, there was a significant difference between intervention groups (X 2 (5) = 13.167;p<0.05).
T297 371025-371176 Sentence denotes Data partitioning indicated that there was no difference between FOBT uptake for the CRC positive risk information group by FOBT information condition.
T298 371177-371281 Sentence denotes There were differences between CRC negative risk information group conditions (X 2 (2) = 11.316;p<0.01).
T299 371282-371485 Sentence denotes Significantly more participants in the FOBT 'advantages' condition screened than those in the FOBT 'disadvantages' condition (x 2 (1)=3.85; p<0.05) or the 'balanced' condition (X 2 (1) = 11.001;p<.0001).
T300 371486-371696 Sentence denotes Overall, results suggest that providing information about the risk of CRC and the nature of the screening procedure can assist people to change their attitudes, regardless of the way this information is framed.
T301 371697-372017 Sentence denotes Although framing the message around the screening test in terms of the likelihood of not being affected by CRC combined with the advantages of using the FOBT appears beneficial in a sample of people prepared to come to a laboratory testing session, future research is required to test the generalisability of the result.
T302 372018-372150 Sentence denotes In the U.S. and other western industrial countries more women than men seek health care services for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
T303 372151-372249 Sentence denotes In addition, the health care impact of IBS also appears to be greater in women as compared to men.
T304 372250-372317 Sentence denotes Women with IBS commonly report other somatic and visceral symptoms.
T305 372318-372420 Sentence denotes Muscle and joint pain and disturbed sleep patterns are among the most common and the most distressing.
T306 372421-372605 Sentence denotes Gender differences exist in types of GI symptoms (women report greater problems with constipation while men more frequently report diarrhea) as well as other extra-intestinal symptoms.
T307 372606-372763 Sentence denotes The role of menstrual cycle in IBS symptom reporting is based on observations that women with IBS frequently report cyclic changes in their symptom severity.
T308 372764-372919 Sentence denotes Women with IBS often report other menstrual cycle linked conditions including migraine headache, dysmenorrhea and premenstrual dysphoria distress syndrome.
T309 372920-372973 Sentence denotes Gender differences in IBS begin to emerge at puberty.
T310 372974-373095 Sentence denotes In children, the rubric of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) includes IBS, functional abdominal pain, and likely, dyspepsia.
T311 373096-373184 Sentence denotes Prior to puberty there is an equal proportion of boys and girls with a diagnosis of RAP.
T312 373185-373270 Sentence denotes The factors responsible for the divergence in prevalence after puberty are not clear.
T313 373271-373427 Sentence denotes Studies suggest that both environmental (i.e., increased risk if a parent has IBS) and gender factors (i.e., changes in hormonal milieu) likely play a role.
T314 373428-373510 Sentence denotes The incidence of IBS in both men and women appears to decrease in late middle age.
T315 373511-373756 Sentence denotes The severity of GI symptoms, including abdominal pain, altered bowel habits, and bloating, varies across phases of the menstrual cycle as well as during the menopause transition in some women with or without IBS or other functional GI disorders.
T316 373757-373968 Sentence denotes A limited number of studies indicate that premenses (days immediately preceding the onset of menses) and menses, compared with other cycle phases, are periods of increased GI symptom distress in women age 19-37.
T317 373969-374076 Sentence denotes Women with IBS experience a greater impact of menstrual cycle on symptoms as compared to those without IBS.
T318 374077-374202 Sentence denotes While not extensively studied, oral contraceptives appear to modestly reduce but not eliminate GI symptoms in those with IBS.
T319 374203-374464 Sentence denotes This paper will present they hypothesis that declining or low ovarian hormone levels underlies the occurrence or exacerbations of abdominal pain/discomfort across the menstrual cycle and the perimenopause-early menopause transition in women with or without IBS.
T320 374465-374475 Sentence denotes Objective:
T321 374476-374633 Sentence denotes Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are psychiatric phenomena, which are associated with the menstrual cycle in women.
T322 374634-374737 Sentence denotes Symptoms of PMS include mood changes, temper outbursts/anger, lack of concentration and abdominal pain.
T323 374738-374942 Sentence denotes These symptoms also form the diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders, such as depression, pain disorder (e.g. chronic pelvic pain) or somatoform disorder, which are unrelated to the menstrual cycle.
T324 374943-375070 Sentence denotes Our aim was to identify similarities and differences of PMS with these symptoms during different phases of the menstrual cycle.
T325 375071-375079 Sentence denotes Methods:
T326 375080-375279 Sentence denotes A PMS questionnaire which was based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria for PMDD, a screening for somatic symptoms (SOMS, Rief 2008) , and the German version of the CES-D (Radloff, 1977) were presented online.
T327 375280-375393 Sentence denotes In a prospective design, questionnaires were presented at baseline (t1) and at a second assessment (t2 Objective:
T328 375394-375648 Sentence denotes To examine predictors of treatment outcome in IBSpatients who participated in a randomized controlled trial in primary care, where 149 IBS-patients were randomised to mebeverine hydrochloride (n=77) or mebeverine+cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) (n=72).
T329 375649-375702 Sentence denotes CBT offered additional benefit over mebeverine alone.
T330 375703-375711 Sentence denotes Methods:
T331 375712-375834 Sentence denotes Regression analyses were used to identify predictors of work and social adjustment (WASA) 12 months after treatment ended.
T332 375835-375939 Sentence denotes The intervention groups were analysed separately in order to look at the separate effects in each group.
T333 375940-375948 Sentence denotes Results:
T334 375949-376090 Sentence denotes Lower levels of psychological distress (anxiety and depression) at baseline predicted a good outcome in the mebeverine group (β=0.388 (95%CI:
T335 376091-376157 Sentence denotes 0.065-0.936), p-value= 0.025) but not in the mebeverine+CBT group.
T336 376158-376295 Sentence denotes In the adjusted model for the mebeverine+CBT group less adaptive IBS related behavioural coping predicted a good outcome (β=0.285 (95%CI:
T337 376296-376325 Sentence denotes 0.002-0.210), p-value=0.045).
T338 376326-376337 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T339 376338-376420 Sentence denotes Different factors are associated with outcome depending on the treatment received.
T340 376421-376615 Sentence denotes At assessment clinicians should assess patients coping styles and may want to consider recommending CBT to those patients with IBS in primary care who are engaging in unhelpful coping behaviour.
T341 376616-376627 Sentence denotes Background:
T342 376628-376755 Sentence denotes In Norway, the majority of medically certified sickness absence is granted for musculoskeletal complaints and mental disorders.
T343 376756-376804 Sentence denotes The challenge for the general practitioners (GP)
T1 376805-376916 Sentence denotes is that the majority of these cases tend to be unspecific without any clear and significant objective findings.
T2 376917-377051 Sentence denotes Traditional medical thinking requires a diagnosis, in order to find a specific and efficient therapy or to grant sickness certificate.
T3 377052-377186 Sentence denotes The challenge is to find the proper diagnoses when the condition is unspecific, with many complaints, and a high level of comorbidity.
T4 377187-377301 Sentence denotes The International Classification of Primary Care-second version (ICPC-2) is used in Norwegian primary health care.
T5 377302-377307 Sentence denotes Aims:
T6 377308-377532 Sentence denotes Our aims were to investigate if a dramatised case story (presented exactly the same way to, Norwegian GPs), representing a patient with unspecific and/or comorbid complaints get the same diagnosis and decision on sick leave.
T7 377533-377540 Sentence denotes Method:
T8 377541-377675 Sentence denotes Fifty-six GPs watched 10 case stories and diagnosed each case with ICPC-2 diagnosis and made decisions on whether to sick list or not.
T9 377676-377684 Sentence denotes Results:
T10 377685-377769 Sentence denotes Between 15 and 23 ICPC-2 diagnoses were given to the case stories as main diagnosis.
T11 377770-377842 Sentence denotes Psychological diagnoses were most frequent, followed by musculoskeletal.
T12 377843-377913 Sentence denotes Three to five different ICPC-2 organ chapters were used for each case.
T13 377914-378024 Sentence denotes Decisions on sick leave yes/no and different type of insurance benefits varied greatly within each case story.
T14 378025-378036 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T15 378037-378200 Sentence denotes As expected, the Norwegian GPs did not agree on which diagnoses to use for these patients, and suggested a high number of diagnostic labels from the ICPC-2 system.
T16 378201-378362 Sentence denotes This is, in our opinion, not an indication of lack of competence in the GPs but that the systems used today are unable to classify and describe these complaints.
T17 378363-378558 Sentence denotes The high number of possible diagnoses offered by experienced GPs suggests that the conditions are composite, with a high level of comorbidity and the diagnostic system is unable to identify this.
T18 378559-378711 Sentence denotes For this kind of patients there is no consensus on what kind of treatment to offer and we argue that the only available "treatment" today is sick leave.
T19 378712-378786 Sentence denotes This increases the risk of long term sick leave, and permanent disability.
T20 378787-378798 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T21 378799-378969 Sentence denotes Case stories with unspecific and comorbid complaints are diagnosed with a large variety of ICPC-2 diagnosis in general practice and they are frequently put on sick leave.
T22 378970-378978 Sentence denotes Results:
T23 378979-379067 Sentence denotes The majority of the women and men describe several adverse experiences during childhood.
T24 379068-379182 Sentence denotes From a total of ten possible types of adversity, the mean for women was 5.05 (SD=2.63) and 2.63 (SD=2.18) for men.
T25 379183-379417 Sentence denotes There was a high frequency of health risk behaviour and psychopathological symptoms for both samples, women reporting significantly more psychopathology and sexual risk behaviours (no significant differences in other risk behaviours).
T26 379418-379429 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T27 379430-379566 Sentence denotes Detainees had a high frequency of adverse experiences during childhood, have high levels of psychopathology and several risk behaviours.
T28 379567-379748 Sentence denotes The differences between women and men in what concerns adverse childhood experiences and psychopathological symptoms suggest more adverse childhood histories for incarcerated women.
T29 379749-379865 Sentence denotes Those differences should be better explored in order to understand if a self-report effect or a fact of their lives.
T30 379866-380074 Sentence denotes This data suggest a need to take into account the adverse histories because violent behaviour can function as a coping strategy to deal with negative affect and psychopathology related to prior victimization.
T31 380075-380086 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T32 380087-380285 Sentence denotes Although refugees are at an increased risk to suffer from mental disorders, as compared to other immigrants, little is known about possible differences in treatment response and service utilization.
T33 380286-380294 Sentence denotes Methods:
T34 380295-380393 Sentence denotes The current study includes data from three separate samples of Iraqi refugees and Arab immigrants.
T35 380394-380545 Sentence denotes Prevalence of physician-diagnosed mental disorders along with treatment response and utilization data was collected from medical records or by surveys.
T36 380546-380610 Sentence denotes Data was collected from 307 refugees and 326 immigrant controls.
T37 380611-380619 Sentence denotes Results:
T38 380620-380735 Sentence denotes The prevalence of depression was significantly greater in refugees as compared to immigrants (54% vs. 26%; p<.001).
T39 380736-380808 Sentence denotes There were no differences between groups in diagnosed anxiety disorders.
T40 380809-381010 Sentence denotes In addition, self reported complaints of depression (33% vs. 3.1%; p<.001), anxiety (20% vs. 4%; p<.001), and sleep difficulties (15% vs. 2%; p<.001) were more prevalent among refugees than immigrants.
T41 381011-381216 Sentence denotes In general, treatment response was poor for both groups; however, for longer term patients, treatment response was significantly better (44% recovery vs. 15% recovery; p<.001) for immigrants than refugees.
T42 381217-381367 Sentence denotes Typical common psychosomatic symptoms were more prevalent and associated with increased health care utilization in refugees as compared to immigrants.
T43 381368-381380 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T44 381381-381454 Sentence denotes Results suggest that treatment offered to refugees is far from effective.
T45 381455-381695 Sentence denotes There is a need to review health systems factors in order to promote cost-effective and timely mental health services for refugees, not least with the current influx of Iraqi refugees commonly suffering from mental and adjustment disorders.
T46 381696-381811 Sentence denotes We found a positive relationship between PTSD and psychopatology, health symptom and negative with quality of life.
T47 381812-381902 Sentence denotes War veterans presented a high percentage of extreme families particularly those with PTSD.
T48 381903-382026 Sentence denotes We also found differences between veterans with and without PTSD on social support, family functioning and quality of life.
T49 382027-382100 Sentence denotes Predictors of quality of life and mediation analysis were also performed.
T50 382101-382269 Sentence denotes According to these preliminary results, psychological intervention, on this population, is necessary to help veterans and their families to better cope with war trauma.
T51 382270-382280 Sentence denotes Objective:
T52 382281-382418 Sentence denotes By recent estimates, 200.000 persons were imprisoned for political reasons in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) between 1949 and 1989.
T53 382419-382508 Sentence denotes Former political prisoners suffer from the experience of persecution also in a long term.
T54 382509-382577 Sentence denotes Up to 50% of those persons develop a post-traumatic stress disorder.
T55 382578-382728 Sentence denotes Verbal disclosure (the revelation of the traumatic events) to the social environment has been shown to have positive effects on PTSD symptom severity.
T56 382729-382818 Sentence denotes Little is known about whether this effect is moderated by the receiver of the disclosure.
T57 382819-382826 Sentence denotes Method:
T58 382827-382903 Sentence denotes A total of 157 former political prisoners (82% male) from the GDR (mean age:
T59 382904-382974 Sentence denotes 65 years, from 39 to 86 years old) were assessed with a questionnaire.
T60 382975-383138 Sentence denotes Sociodemografic data, intrafamilial communication about the traumatic imprisonment and symptoms of the posttraumatic stress disorder were assessed by self-reports.
T61 383139-383249 Sentence denotes IES-R (with the subscales intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal) was used for the assessment of PTSD symptoms.
T62 383250-383340 Sentence denotes Results: PTSD symptom severity depends on who is the receiver of disclosure in the family.
T63 383341-383477 Sentence denotes Persons who report that the actively disclosed their traumatic experience to their partners have lower intrusion (score in the subscale:
T64 383478-383556 Sentence denotes 18.2. vs. 21.8; p=.02) and lower hyperarousal symptoms (score in the subscale:
T65 383557-383579 Sentence denotes 20.4 vs. 24.5; p=.05).
T66 383580-383669 Sentence denotes The same applies to active disclosure to their children (score in the subscale intrusion:
T67 383670-383731 Sentence denotes 17.8. vs. 21.4; p=.02 and score in the subscale hyperarousal:
T68 383732-383754 Sentence denotes 19.5 vs. 24.5; p=.01).
T69 383755-383840 Sentence denotes Disclosure to parents and to grandchildren is not connected with lower PTSD symptoms.
T70 383841-383852 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T71 383853-383981 Sentence denotes The results provide evidence that the concrete receiver of the disclosure in the family should be taken more into consideration.
T72 383982-384043 Sentence denotes Future research on effects of disclosure should observe that.
T73 384044-384054 Sentence denotes Objective:
T74 384055-384254 Sentence denotes To compare smoking rates among girls and young women in seven ASEAN countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam) and sociocultural factors associated with it.
T75 384255-384263 Sentence denotes Methods:
T76 384264-384331 Sentence denotes A regional study on smoking among females was conducted in 2007/08.
T77 384332-384615 Sentence denotes A quasi-random sample of about 3,000 female respondents between the ages of 13 and 25 from secondary schools and colleges/universities from the capital city of each country together with one rural district was surveyed using a standardized self-administered structured questionnaire.
T78 384616-384687 Sentence denotes Each country data set was processed and analyzed using SPSS version 12.
T79 384688-384827 Sentence denotes Logistic regression analysis was used to determine sociocultural factors significantly associated with current smoking (in the last month).
T80 384828-384836 Sentence denotes Results:
T81 384837-385082 Sentence denotes Ever and current smoking rates varied substantially between these countries, highest in the Philippines (38 vs. 20%) followed by Indonesia (20% vs. 7%), Malaysia (19% vs. 7%), Thailand (13% vs. 7%) and lowest in Lao PDR and Cambodia (2% vs. 1%).
T82 385083-385257 Sentence denotes Socio-cultural factors such as parental and peer tobacco use and exposure to direct and indirect pro-tobacco advertising are important predictors of smoking in all countries.
T83 385258-385356 Sentence denotes For example, Malaysian female students are four times more likely to smoke if their mothers smoke.
T84 385357-385481 Sentence denotes Having close friends who smoke is another significant predictor (range between four to over ten times more likely to smoke).
T85 385482-385641 Sentence denotes Indonesian and Philippines female students exposed to tobacco advertising and promotion are twice as likely to smoke compared to females without such exposure.
T86 385642-385820 Sentence denotes The study also found that females with pro-smoking attitudes, positive image of smoking and a perception that smoking is the norm among people their age are more likely to smoke.
T87 385821-385909 Sentence denotes Tobacco control policies in these countries are found to influence female smoking rates.
T88 385910-385921 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T89 385922-386230 Sentence denotes To protect girls and women as well as boys and men, all ASEAN countries should implement the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, prioritizing raising of taxes on all tobacco products, introduction of comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising and promotion and prohibition of smoking in public places.
T90 386231-386242 Sentence denotes BACKGROUND:
T91 386243-386397 Sentence denotes For over twenty years, the tobacco industry has made marketing and distribution of tobacco products to youths a core of its marketing strategy in Nigeria.
T92 386398-386628 Sentence denotes From the internal documents of the tobacco industry which was forced into public domain in the United States of America, it was revealed that the tobacco industry had deliberately marketed to young and underage persons in Nigeria.
T93 386629-386766 Sentence denotes It was also revealed that British American Tobacco (BAT) had conducted several surveys to determine the rate of youth smoking in Nigeria.
T94 386767-386850 Sentence denotes In one of such survey minors were referred to as YAUS (Young and Underage Smokers).
T95 386851-386859 Sentence denotes METHODS:
T96 386860-386950 Sentence denotes Experience Freshness was a recent promotion of the British America Tobacco in August 2008.
T97 386951-387007 Sentence denotes This event was organized to promote the Pall Mall brand.
T98 387008-387105 Sentence denotes It was organized in all the six geo political zones in the country and was heavy on young people.
T99 387106-387181 Sentence denotes Invitation cards were secretly given out in secondary schools and colleges.
T100 387182-387221 Sentence denotes It was a heavy all night smoking party.
T101 387222-387312 Sentence denotes Research and experience has showed various trick and strategies of the tobacco industries.
T102 387313-387493 Sentence denotes It is therefore appropriate to implement laws that will curb every secret parties and advert used to promote its new product "Pall Mall" in developing countries especially Nigeria.
T103 387494-387635 Sentence denotes There is also the need to build a strong alliance/network in high school thereby making them Students Action against Tobacco Smoking (SAATS).
T104 387636-387644 Sentence denotes RESULTS:
T105 387645-387823 Sentence denotes Increase awareness on the dangers of smoking and the deadly component in cigarettes thereby saying NO to the tobacco industries souvenirs, baseball cap, t-shirt and sponsorships.
T106 387824-388003 Sentence denotes The method will also implement laws especially in Nigeria to curb both direct and indirect advertisement of the tobacco multinationals, thereby winning more adolescents for SAATS.
T107 388004-388015 Sentence denotes CONCLUSION:
T108 388016-388344 Sentence denotes Since the tobacco multinationals are recruiting more teenagers and youths everyday, thereby killing millions to make billions, efforts should be made in monitoring the tobacco industries to reduce both direct and indirect advertisement by the tobacco companies and engage more teenagers and youths in tobacco control activities.
T109 388345-388356 Sentence denotes Background:
T110 388357-388415 Sentence denotes Adolescents are a major target group of tobacco companies.
T111 388416-388503 Sentence denotes Tobacco companies spend substantial amounts of money to promote smoking in adolescents.
T112 388504-388604 Sentence denotes In Thailand, adolescents are considered the primary target for smoking prevention by the government.
T113 388605-388615 Sentence denotes Objective:
T114 388616-388714 Sentence denotes To determine the pattern of cigarette smoking among Thai adolescents over a period of three years.
T115 388715-388730 Sentence denotes Design/Methods:
T116 388731-388882 Sentence denotes A longitudinal study was conducted among adolescents between the ages of 13-18 sampled from 5 regions of Thailand using stratified multistage sampling.
T117 388883-389139 Sentence denotes Wave 1 survey involved 1,000 adolescents was conducted during January to March 2005, wave 2 survey involved 962 adolescents was conducted during July to September 2006 and wave 3 survey involved 1,096 adolescents was conducted during January to March 2008.
T118 389140-389207 Sentence denotes Self administered questionnaires were employed for data collection.
T119 389208-389269 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed and compared using descriptive statistics.
T120 389270-389278 Sentence denotes Results:
T121 389279-389381 Sentence denotes Overall, smoking prevalence has increased from 11.3% in wave 1 to 13.7% in wave 2 and 18.3% in wave 3.
T122 389382-389505 Sentence denotes Consistent with other Asian countries, smoking prevalence in young males were more than 10 times higher than young females.
T123 389506-389571 Sentence denotes Among youth smokers, more than 70% smoked factory-made cigarette.
T124 389572-389644 Sentence denotes The total amount of tobacco use per day increased from wave 1 to wave 3.
T125 389645-389834 Sentence denotes In wave 1, no one reported that they smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day but in wave 2 and wave 3 surveys 6.9% of youth smokers reported that they smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day.
T126 389835-390006 Sentence denotes In wave 1, approximately half (47.9%) of youth smokers reported that they obtained cigarette from friends with only 38% reported that they bought cigarette for themselves.
T127 390007-390182 Sentence denotes The proportion of young smokers who reported that they bought cigarettes for themselves were significantly increased in wave 2 (61.3%) and wave 3 (68.2%) as compare to wave 1.
T128 390183-390278 Sentence denotes More than half of young smokers reported that they tried to quit smoking within the past month.
T129 390279-390485 Sentence denotes The proportion of youth smokers who reported that they never tried to quit smoking were slightly decreased from wave 1 as compare to wave 2 and wave 3 (20.7% in wave 1, 19.7% in wave 2 and 17.4% in wave 3).
T130 390486-390498 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T131 390499-390650 Sentence denotes Cigarette smoking among Thai youth remains the important problem and needs further tobacco control policies to prevent and control tobacco consumption.
T132 390651-390761 Sentence denotes There are high expectations that the communication of genetic risk information will motivate behaviour change.
T133 390762-390891 Sentence denotes This symposium considers the theoretical and empirical basis for these expectations and the likelihood that they may be realized.
T134 390892-391070 Sentence denotes Celeste Condit and Lijiang Shen present the results of three large population-based surveys in the US assessing public perceptions of the interaction between genes and behaviour.
T135 391071-391252 Sentence denotes Interpretations varied with whether genes and behaviour were conceived as health-damaging or health-protecting, suggesting a role for message framing in motivating behaviour change.
T136 391253-391378 Sentence denotes Winfried Rief presents the results of a study evaluating the impact of presenting genetic risk information to obese patients.
T137 391379-391709 Sentence denotes Guided by Leventhal's Common-Sense Model, Linda Cameron presents the results of an internet-based experiment assessing whether information regarding links between physiological processes underlying genetic risk, disease development, and behavior enhances beliefs motivating protective behavior and alters willingness to buy tests.
T138 391710-392064 Sentence denotes Finally, Theresa Marteau presents the results of a randomized controlled trial of using genotype to tailor nicotine replacement therapy in smokers attempting to stop, testing the hypothesis based on Leventhal's Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation of Health and Illness that genetic risk information increases the use of medication as a coping response.
T139 392065-392266 Sentence denotes The discussion will focus upon the understanding that these four studies contribute, both theoretically and empirically, to explaining and changing behaviour in the context of genetic risk information.
T140 392267-392278 Sentence denotes Background:
T141 392279-392445 Sentence denotes Public understanding of the relationship between health behaviors and genes is likely to affect the motivational impact of learning information about one's own genes.
T142 392446-392539 Sentence denotes Extant research has featured difficulty measuring public understandings of this relationship.
T143 392540-392707 Sentence denotes This essay explores public understanding of the relationship between genes and behavior, especially with regard to the mathematical relationships to risk contribution.
T144 392708-392815 Sentence denotes It also contributes a psychometrically valid scale for measuring beliefs about gene-behavior relationships.
T145 392816-392824 Sentence denotes Methods:
T146 392825-392943 Sentence denotes Three population representative surveys (N=633, 658, 1218) were conducted using the Knowledge Networks panel platform.
T147 392944-392952 Sentence denotes Results:
T148 392953-393105 Sentence denotes Interpretations of risk vary depending on whether genes and behavior are conceived of as health-damaging (loss frame) or health-protecting (gain frame).
T149 393106-393262 Sentence denotes In the loss frame, the majority of the population adopts an additive model of the relationship with approximately one third adopting an amplificative model.
T150 393263-393411 Sentence denotes Scores on the nonmathematically based scale indicate higher belief in the existence of interaction than scores on the more concrete question format.
T151 393412-393424 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T152 393425-393636 Sentence denotes The existence of different interpretations of genebehavior relationships based on gain/loss frame and abstract/ concrete modes indicates the need to select frame and mode carefully in both teaching and research.
T153 393637-393752 Sentence denotes Research is needed to identify optimal configurations for teaching and presenting this relatively complex material.
T154 393753-393808 Sentence denotes There is strong evidence for high heredity for obesity.
T155 393809-393954 Sentence denotes Moreover, if obesity has developed, it is difficult to control weight, and unsuccessful and disappointing weight reduction programs are frequent.
T156 393955-394149 Sentence denotes In this study we wanted to investigate whether information about the genetic background of obesity is helpful for affected people to develop realistic goals and reduce negative self-perceptions.
T157 394150-394354 Sentence denotes After genetic screenings of 1000 obese people, we included 320 for a randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of genetic information versus general information (without genetic content) in obesity.
T158 394355-394497 Sentence denotes A subgroup of 16 participants was confirmed for functionally relevant MC4R mutations, and they received consultation with genetic information.
T159 394498-394536 Sentence denotes Their results were analyzed in detail.
T160 394537-394723 Sentence denotes The acceptance of a consultation including genetic information was high, and those people with a family history of obesity appreciated to receive genetic information in the consultation.
T161 394724-394853 Sentence denotes People with MC4R mutations reported less feelings of shame and guilt and more realistic weight loss goals after the intervention.
T162 394854-395063 Sentence denotes We conclude that consultation for obese people should include information about genetic backgrounds, especially if obesity-relevant genetic mutations are obvious, or if people have a family history of obesity.
T163 395064-395182 Sentence denotes Increasingly, individuals can buy genetic tests to identify disease risks that can be reduced through behavior change.
T164 395183-395375 Sentence denotes Given the challenges in understanding how behavior can reduce geneticallyconferred risk, there is a need to identify how to present information to optimize comprehension and adaptive behavior.
T165 395376-395626 Sentence denotes Guided by the Common-Sense Model, we tested whether information about links between physiological processes underly-ing genetic risk, disease development, and behavior enhances beliefs motivating protective action and alters willingness to buy tests.
T166 395627-395834 Sentence denotes We tested the impact of this information for genetic tests versus tests of a non-genetic biomarker, at higher versus lower risk levels, and when presenting risk information in graphic versus numeric formats.
T167 395835-395958 Sentence denotes In an internet-based factorial design experiment, 782 adults responded to messages about a test for colorectal cancer risk.
T168 395959-396297 Sentence denotes We varied messages by risk-action link information (provision or no provision of information describing how a low-fat diet reduces cancer risk given a positive result), risk increment (20%, 50%, or 80% risk given a positive result), risk format (numeric or graphic presentation of risk increments), and test type (genetic or enzyme test).
T169 396298-396573 Sentence denotes ANOVAs revealed that providing risk-action link information enhanced beliefs of response efficacy (that low-fat diets reduce disease risk) and coherence (understanding how low-fat diets reduce risk), and lowered appraisals of anticipated risk with a low-fat diet (p's<.0001).
T170 396574-396646 Sentence denotes These effects held across risk increments, risk formats, and test types.
T171 396647-396781 Sentence denotes For genetic tests, provision of riskaction link information reduced the amount individuals were willing to pay for the test (p<.0001).
T172 396782-397028 Sentence denotes Brief explanations of how action can reduce biomarker-detected risks promoted beliefs motivating protective action; paradoxically, by enhancing understanding of behavioral control over the risk, they reduced the value of genetic risk information.
T173 397029-397160 Sentence denotes Despite growing interest in pharmacogenetics to tailor cessation treatment, the behavioural impact of genetic feedback is untested.
T174 397161-397309 Sentence denotes Communicating genetic information may increase medication adherence, but may also negatively impact motivation to quit if the initial attempt fails.
T175 397310-397404 Sentence denotes We investigated the impact of genetic feedback on medication adherence and motivation to quit.
T176 397405-397681 Sentence denotes We tested (1) whether adherence to NRT is greater following genetic (OPRM1 genotype) compared to phenotypic (heaviness of smoking) feedback, and (2) whether smokers who relapsed showed lower motivation to make another attempt following genetic compared to phenotypic feedback.
T177 397682-397751 Sentence denotes The study was an open label, parallel group randomised trial (ISRCTN:
T178 397752-397788 Sentence denotes 14352545) conducted in primary care.
T179 397789-397965 Sentence denotes Adult smokers (n=633) were prescribed NRT patch, randomised to a top-up dose of NRT based explicitly either on OPRM1 genotype or heaviness of smoking and followed for 6-months.
T180 397966-398141 Sentence denotes Outcomes measures were: proportion of prescribed NRT consumed in the first 28 days; and motivation to make another quit attempt among those not abstinent at 6-month follow-up.
T181 398142-398362 Sentence denotes There was a significant effect of genetic feedback compared to phenotypic feedback on adherence at 7-day follow-up (75% vs 69%, p=0.040), and a marginally non-significant effect at 28-day follow-up (69% vs 64%, p=0.098).
T182 398363-398449 Sentence denotes There were similar effects on abstinence at six-month follow-up (14% vs 8%, p= 0.018).
T183 398450-398595 Sentence denotes Amongst those not abstinent at 6-month follow-up, there was no difference in motivation to make another quit attempt between trial arms (p=0.23).
T184 398596-398673 Sentence denotes This is the first test of the behavioural impact of pharmacogenetic feedback.
T185 398674-398920 Sentence denotes Genetic feedback had a measurable impact on shortterm medication adherence and abstinence at 6-month follow-up compared to phenotypic feedback, and appears to offer modest improvements to medication adherence to medication, and NRT effectiveness.
T186 398921-398980 Sentence denotes This suggests potential for an important population impact.
T187 398981-399063 Sentence denotes Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer in men (other than skin cancer).
T188 399064-399219 Sentence denotes The American Cancer Society estimates that 1 in 5 men will get prostate cancer sometime during his lifetime, and that 1 man in 35 will die of this disease.
T189 399220-399358 Sentence denotes The society also estimates that more than 2 million men in the United States who have prostate cancer at some point are still alive today.
T190 399359-399667 Sentence denotes Much of the current treatment for cancer (including surgery and hormone therapy) involves temporary or permanent impotence or urinary incontinence which would be distressing for all men but particularly for those who are invested in their sexual performance or being in control as signs of their masculinity.
T191 399668-399781 Sentence denotes Men may therefore forego treatment or delay it, leading to increasing risk of complications from prostate cancer.
T192 399782-400011 Sentence denotes Presenters in this symposium will look at the impact of male sex role norms (including emotional restriction, emphasis on sexual ability, and being independent) on diagnosis for prostate cancer as well as recovery from treatment.
T193 400012-400228 Sentence denotes They will examine the kinds of responses men have to being diagnosed and treated for prostate cancer, the type of support they seek and find useful after treatment, and the role partners can play in helping men cope.
T194 400229-400338 Sentence denotes PROSTATE CANCER: MALE NORMS AND THE CONCEPT OF SUPPORT Betsy Bates, MA Antioch University, Santa Barbara, CA.
T195 400339-400595 Sentence denotes This presentation will summarize recent findings from the literature on psychological issues related to diagnosis, the seeking of psychological support, and threats to male identity posed by treatment options that can interfere with potency and continence.
T196 400596-400964 Sentence denotes Qualitative studies, for example, point to a number of reasons why men may be diagnosed late, including a reluctance to appear weak (by reporting symptoms); embarrassment, guardedness and denial about vulnerability related to their bodies; powerlessness within the medical system, and the fear of a diagnosis that goes to the deepest core of masculinity, the prostate.
T197 400965-401240 Sentence denotes A recent literature review highlighted clinically meaningful take-home messages, including the fact that men tend to either retreat inward following the diagnosis of cancer, keeping their feelings and worries to themselves, or rely heavily on a partner for emotional support.
T198 401241-401351 Sentence denotes Studies contained in the review demonstrate that both men and women benefit equally from psychosocial support.
T199 401352-401594 Sentence denotes When asked, men say that they want information rather than emotional support from psychosocial oncology teams; yet in online forums, men's supportive exchanges are clearly emotional, couched in dark humor and unifying battlefield terminology.
T200 401595-401802 Sentence denotes The fact that men enthusiastically participate in emotional support offered at a distance (often anonymously) raises interesting questions about future directions for cancer support, which will be addressed.
T201 401803-402056 Sentence denotes Also of significance is mens' highly consistent reliance on partners for support during cancer treatment, a finding that points to the possible unmet needs of men who are not in secure relationships during the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
T202 402057-402205 Sentence denotes Although the psychosocial impact of cancer treatment varies across cancer patients, many experience some psychological distress following diagnosis.
T203 402206-402414 Sentence denotes In addition to the emotional experience, men with prostate cancer often face myriad physical complications including impotence, urinary and bowel incontinence, and sleep disturbance affecting quality of life.
T204 402415-402552 Sentence denotes The time immediately following treatment can be a critical period marked by increased feelings of fear, uncertainty, and loss of control.
T205 402553-402759 Sentence denotes Such emotional responses may be experienced as inconsistent with psychological attributes often associated with traditional gender role norms, such as strength, independence, and emotional inexpressiveness.
T206 402760-402963 Sentence denotes Evidence of the negative impact of suppressing emotions, and positive impact of expressing and processing emotions on psychological distress, physical health, and overall adjustment to cancer is growing.
T207 402964-403199 Sentence denotes Drawing upon examples from the author's past and current research with men with prostate cancer, the relationship of gender-related influences on emotional approach coping efforts will be discussed within a stress and coping framework.
T208 403200-403494 Sentence denotes Emotional approach coping (EAC) refers to strategies that involve acknowledging, understanding, and expressing emotions, and has been found to be associated with decreased distress and better adjustment in breast cancer patients, though little work has examined EAC in men with prostate cancer.
T209 403495-403629 Sentence denotes Observations in healthy populations suggest that EAC varies by gender and has been linked to both better and poorer adjustment in men.
T210 403630-403845 Sentence denotes Prior research in men with cancer found that gender role norms shape EAC processes, and that the interpersonal environment and age may be important contextual variables characterizing its utility in men with cancer.
T211 403846-404063 Sentence denotes Current research examining the impact of masculine cancer threat, gender-linked personality factors, and gender role norms on health-related quality of life following treatment for prostate cancer will be highlighted.
T212 404064-404270 Sentence denotes Management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires constant, daily attention to blood glucose levels, insulin administration, food intake, and physical activity in order to maintain near normal metabolic control.
T213 404271-404459 Sentence denotes Caring for a child or adolescent with T1D can be demanding and research suggests that parents of children with diabetes are at greater risk for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.
T214 404460-404689 Sentence denotes The dynamic relationship between parent emotional functioning and daily diabetes responsibilities and care is not yet well understood and parent well-being may significantly influence critical child health behaviors and outcomes.
T215 404690-404818 Sentence denotes This symposium provides a cohesive picture of the behavioral impact of parent emotional functioning on child health care in T1D.
T216 404819-404982 Sentence denotes The symposium chair will highlight developmental differences and key risk and protective factors associated with parent well-being in a chronic illness population.
T217 404983-405160 Sentence denotes Ongoing promising interventions, including interventions focusing on parenting strategies and support, parent-child communication, and internet-based support, will be discussed.
T218 405161-405310 Sentence denotes The bidirectional impact of diabetes care and parent depression, anxiety, and wellbeing is a rich area for discussion and can inform future research.
T219 405311-405463 Sentence denotes , Parental anxiety appears to be a salient factor in T1D management in young children and treatment of parent anxiety may improve child health outcomes.
T220 405464-405595 Sentence denotes The impact of anxiety on dietary management may be related to hypoglycemia fear and can provide a specific avenue for intervention.
T221 405596-405737 Sentence denotes The direction of the relationship between anxiety and A1c is not presently known yet may be better understood with the completion of the RCT.
T222 405738-405833 Sentence denotes Parental involvement is identified as a key factor in optimal management of pediatric diabetes.
T223 405834-406025 Sentence denotes Further, research shows mothers are often primary care givers such that maternal psychological adjustment and its relation to children's disease care management are surprisingly understudied.
T224 406026-406144 Sentence denotes Baseline data were analyzed from 179 mothers of generally middle-class young adolescents with T1D in a multi-site RCT.
T225 406145-406248 Sentence denotes Mothers completed questionnaires and were interviewed about family functioning and diabetes management.
T226 406249-406337 Sentence denotes On average, mothers were 42 years old and completed 2 years of post secondary education.
T227 406338-406412 Sentence denotes Half were employed full time outside the home and 25% had no outside work.
T228 406413-406564 Sentence denotes On average, children were 12.9 years old (range 11-14 years), were generally in fair metabolic control (HbA1c=8.7%) and had diabetes for about 5 years.
T229 406565-406668 Sentence denotes A significant portion, 23% of the sample, had clinically elevated (mild to severe) depressive symptoms.
T230 406669-406786 Sentence denotes Mothers who endorsed depressive symptoms (N=41) were matched on SES and compared to nondepressed maternal caregivers.
T231 406787-406926 Sentence denotes More mothers with depressive symptoms were employed full time (60%) and were single parents (35%) than others (46% and 22 %, respectively).
T232 406927-407040 Sentence denotes No significant group differences were found in maternal age or education, child age, HbA1c, or disease onset age.
T233 407041-407249 Sentence denotes However, mothers who endorsed clinically elevated symptoms also reported more fear of hypoglycemia and lower self-efficacy for diabetes tasks, although youths' metabolic control did not differ between groups.
T234 407250-407405 Sentence denotes Mothers with higher depressive scores appear able to help their youth achieve comparable levels of metabolic control as those without significant symptoms.
T235 407406-407578 Sentence denotes However, elevated depressive symptoms occurred more often in single mothers who worked full time suggesting these mothers may have less time for and help with disease care.
T236 407579-407699 Sentence denotes As youths become more autonomous maternal fears of hypoglycemia may magnify and perceptions of selfefficacy may decline.
T237 407700-407888 Sentence denotes Screening and identification of mothers with high depressive symptoms and referral for supportive counseling may help them cope better and help ensure long-term optimal youth disease care.
T238 407889-408112 Sentence denotes Research has begun to highlight the negative effects of maternal depression and anxiety on youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), including poorer family functioning, increased symptoms of depression, and poorer quality of life.
T239 408113-408218 Sentence denotes However, researchers have typically used self-report measures of family functioning and child adaptation.
T240 408219-408407 Sentence denotes The current study extends previous research by using observational methods to examine the relationship between maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety and specific parenting behaviors.
T241 408408-408631 Sentence denotes In this cross-sectional pilot study, we collected questionnaire (i.e. self-report measures of depression and anxiety), clinical (i.e., HbA1c), and observational data from adolescents with T1D (ages 10-16) and their mothers.
T242 408632-408808 Sentence denotes Adolescents (n=30, 52% girls, mean age=12.6, 74% White) and their mothers engaged in a 15-minute discussion of diabetes-related stress, which was coded for parenting behaviors.
T243 408809-408906 Sentence denotes In our sample, 23% of mothers were above the clinical cutoff for depression, and 13% for anxiety.
T244 408907-409177 Sentence denotes Bivariate correlations indicated that maternal symptoms of anxiety were related to lower levels of observed child-centered behavior (displays of sensitivity) (r=−.50, p=.005) and listener responsiveness ( Psychological distress is a major factor in musculoskeletal pain.
T245 409178-409446 Sentence denotes As demonstrated in numerous studies, psychological distress and musculoskeletal pain commonly occur together; psychological distress is associated with a poor prognosis of musculoskeletal pain; and psychological distress is prognostic for a poor response to treatment.
T246 409447-409770 Sentence denotes Research in this field is in need of better conceptual and theoretical underpinnings: the field is moving from empirical demonstrations of the impact of distress on pain towards better understanding of how psychological distress affects musculoskeletal pain and how psychological distress can be addressed during treatment.
T247 409771-409980 Sentence denotes The overall goal of this symposium is to contribute to the theoretical understanding of the role of psychological distress in musculoskeletal pain, by summarizing recent developments in research and treatment.
T248 409981-410077 Sentence denotes Dr. Keefe will summarize the current state of science on pain coping in osteoarthritis patients.
T249 410078-410226 Sentence denotes He will discuss the theoretical background of pain coping and then continue to critically review the research and intervention studies in this area.
T250 410227-410315 Sentence denotes Dr. Crombez will review research on hypervigilance and attentional bias in chronic pain.
T251 410316-410407 Sentence denotes He will discuss implications for the understanding of chronic pain and for future research.
T252 410408-410598 Sentence denotes Dr. Steultjens will summarize current literature showing that psychological distress is a major predictor of poor outcome of multidiciplinary rehabilitation in chronic pain and fibromyalgia.
T253 410599-410688 Sentence denotes He will discuss theoretical interpretations and practical implications of these findings.
T254 410689-410841 Sentence denotes Dr. Denison will focus on recent treatment approaches aiming at improvement of function and reduction of distress in patients with musculoskeletal pain.
T255 410842-410943 Sentence denotes Treatment builds on basic motor and behavior learning principles and cognitive-behavioral principles.
T256 410944-411054 Sentence denotes This presentation provides an overview and update on the literature on pain coping in osteoarthritis patients.
T257 411055-411102 Sentence denotes The presentation is divided into four sections.
T258 411103-411208 Sentence denotes In the first section, the conceptual background for studies of pain coping in osteoarthritis is reviewed.
T259 411209-411470 Sentence denotes In the second section, recent studies of pain coping are critically reviewed including studies on the role of pain catastrophizing, pain communication in osteoarthritis, pain coping in morbidly obese osteoarthritis patients, and brain correlates of pain coping.
T260 411471-411729 Sentence denotes In the third section, interventions designed to enhance pain coping are highlighted, including studies of partner-assisted coping skills training, communication skills training, and combined pain coping skills training/lifestyle behavioral weight management.
T261 411730-411872 Sentence denotes In the final section, the strengths and limitations of current research are summarized and important directions for future research described.
T262 411873-412032 Sentence denotes Chronic widespread pain (CWP) and fibromyalgia (FM) are common syndromes characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain with no obvious underlying pathology.
T263 412033-412165 Sentence denotes Although multidisciplinary rehabilitation treatment has been shown to be effective in CWP and FM, on average effect sizes are small.
T264 412166-412304 Sentence denotes One possible area of improvement is referring those patients for treatment in whom a clinically relevant treatment effect can be expected.
T265 412305-412408 Sentence denotes To be able to do this, patient characteristics associated with treatment success need to be identified.
T266 412409-412583 Sentence denotes This presentation will first provide results from a systematic review of current literature on predictors of improvement following multidisciplinary rehabilitation treatment.
T267 412584-412712 Sentence denotes Four outcome domains were studied: pain, physical functioning, emotional functioning, and general improvement / quality of life.
T268 412713-412830 Sentence denotes In general, the available evidence suggests that cognitive and emotional factors are predictive of treatment outcome.
T269 412831-412986 Sentence denotes For both pain and physical functioning, poor treatment outcome was predicted by the presence of emotional problems, interpersonal distress, and depression.
T270 412987-413139 Sentence denotes Apart from these cognitive and emotional factors, evidence for baseline pain intensity and impact of pain as predictors of treatment outcome were found.
T271 413140-413288 Sentence denotes Additionally, data will be presented from a prospective cohort study on health outcomes in CWP and FM, for which analyses are currently in progress.
T272 413289-413449 Sentence denotes Based on the findings from the systematic review and prospective cohort study, pathways for successful rehabilitation treatment in CWP and FM will be discussed.
T273 413450-413550 Sentence denotes A majority of patients with musculoskeletal pain (MSP) are managed within primary health care (PHC).
T274 413551-413720 Sentence denotes While physicians are involved in the initial assessment of patients' problems, physical therapists typically carry out interventions to reduce pain and improve function.
T275 413721-413957 Sentence denotes There is now ample evidence that psychosocial factors such as selfefficacy, fear of pain and/or movement/re-injury, catastrophizing, and social reinforcement contingencies contribute to the development of persistent pain and disability.
T276 413958-414211 Sentence denotes In our research group at Uppsala University we have developed an integrated behavioral medicine and physical therapy treatment approach for patients with MSP that builds on basic motor and behavior learning principles and cognitivebehavioral principles.
T277 414212-414416 Sentence denotes The approach comprises identification of problems and goals, monitoring of problems, functional behavioral analyses, basic and applied skills acquisition, generalization of skills, and relapse prevention.
T278 414417-414590 Sentence denotes Evaluation of the approach involves clinical studies at both the individual level and group level and there are promising results at both short-term and long-term follow-up.
T279 414591-414812 Sentence denotes Recent studies have focused on 1) targeting and tailoring of treatment based on screening of psychosocial factors and individual functional analyses, and 2) screening for psychosocial risk factors in telephone counseling.
T280 414813-414930 Sentence denotes An emerging research area concerns implementation of the integrated approach in general clinical practice within PHC.
T281 414931-415145 Sentence denotes Pilot work in our research group indicates that physical therapists may have greater difficulties in adopting this integrated approach than anticipated, lack of theoretical knowledge being one possible explanation.
T282 415146-415325 Sentence denotes Further implementation efforts involve research as well as systematic integration of the approach in physical therapy curricula, the latter being done at two Swedish universities.
T283 415326-415525 Sentence denotes Hypervigilance to pain and attentional bias are considered as key processes in understanding chronic pain, distress and suffering (Crombez et al., 2005; Pincus & Morley, 2001; Vlaeyen et al., 1995) .
T284 415526-415560 Sentence denotes Results are however contradictory.
T285 415561-415801 Sentence denotes We performed a meta-analysis of attentional bias to pain-related information to address this issue, and in particular to investigate the role of pain-related fear, anxiety (trait and state) and depressive mood upon attentional bias to pain.
T286 415802-415809 Sentence denotes Method:
T287 415810-415943 Sentence denotes 61 studies (2739 participants) were identified using an emotional stroop paradigm, dot probe paradigm and exogeneous cueing paradigm.
T288 415944-416107 Sentence denotes We coded methodological quality (internal and external), sample characteristics (chronic pain, experimental pain, procedural pain), and procedural characteristics.
T289 416108-416220 Sentence denotes We obtained the original full dataset (80% response rate) to analyze the effects of our theory-based moderators.
T290 416221-416229 Sentence denotes Results:
T291 416230-416320 Sentence denotes The methodological quality of studies varied widely and is on average of moderate quality.
T292 416321-416497 Sentence denotes Initial analyses revealed a significant attentional bias to pain-related information for whom pain was a current concern (d=0.127) in comparison with a control group (d=0.025).
T293 416498-416611 Sentence denotes The effect was significant for the chronic pain group, the experimental pain group and the procedural pain group.
T294 416612-416861 Sentence denotes Further analyses revealed that the attentional bias to sensory pain words was signficant, but not to affective pain words, stimuli related to antecedents of pain (e.g. injury or blood) or to stimuli related to consequences of pain (e.g. wheelchair).
T295 416862-416986 Sentence denotes We are currently performing the moderator analysis focusing upon the role of pain-related fear, anxiety and depressive mood.
T296 416987-417089 Sentence denotes In conclusion, the methodological quality of attentional bias studies is moderate and can be improved.
T297 417090-417176 Sentence denotes An attentional bias to sensory pain words exist in those who are concerned about pain.
T298 417177-417295 Sentence denotes The implications for future research and for understandings of chronic pain, distress and suffering will be discussed.
T299 417296-417307 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T300 417308-417488 Sentence denotes People who drink in a problematic or risky manner comprise a larger group than people who are alcohol dependent, yet treatment for problem drinkers is much less prevalent in the U.
T301 417489-417491 Sentence denotes S.
T302 417492-417634 Sentence denotes Using technological solutions to bring interventions to problem drinkers promises to make appropriate treatment options more widely available.
T303 417635-417765 Sentence denotes Interactive Voice Response (IVR) with speech recognition is an underused technology that is accessible to anyone with a telephone.
T304 417766-417896 Sentence denotes IVR is being used to develop and evaluate an evidence-based automated treatment program based on Behavioral Self-control Training.
T305 417897-417978 Sentence denotes This program is being tested in a randomized clinical trial for problem drinkers.
T306 417979-417990 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T307 417991-418054 Sentence denotes Stress and use of alcohol and drugs often vary from day to day.
T308 418055-418244 Sentence denotes The goal of these studies was to investigate whether Interactive Voice Response (IVR) could serve as a useful technology for real-time assessments of stress as well as alcohol and drug use.
T309 418245-418253 Sentence denotes Methods:
T310 418254-418279 Sentence denotes Two samples are included.
T311 418280-418454 Sentence denotes The first one is completed and includes 84 university students who were exposed to real-time IVR assessment three times daily during a total period of seven consecutive days.
T312 418455-418594 Sentence denotes A second study is ongoing and will include 200 paroled clients to be followed daily during the first thirty days after release from prison.
T313 418595-418795 Sentence denotes Half of the clients, randomised, will get automatic feedback on their results and simultaneously an e-mail report will be sent to the parole officer in order to provide a basis for further processing.
T314 418796-418820 Sentence denotes Results and conclusions:
T315 418821-418924 Sentence denotes In the first study, all the participating university students were followed throughout the week (100%).
T316 418925-419021 Sentence denotes In total, stress and alcohol use was assessed in 1 567 out of 1 764 (89%) data collection calls.
T317 419022-419157 Sentence denotes Preliminary data from the second study show the same high response rate, and 89% of all daily data collection calls have been answered.
T318 419158-419324 Sentence denotes IVR methodology thus offers a promising new technology for daily assessments of stress and use of alcohol and drugs in both university students and paroled offenders.
T319 419325-419336 Sentence denotes Background:
T320 419337-419432 Sentence denotes The Influenza A/H1N1 outbreak was announced on April 24, 2009, and quickly made news headlines.
T321 419433-419658 Sentence denotes This research investigated whether public anxiety about pandemic influenza was reflected in language use in web blogs, and whether the use of anxiety words on internet blogs was related to online informationseeking behaviour.
T322 419659-419667 Sentence denotes Methods:
T323 419668-419896 Sentence denotes This research examined how word usage in web blogs (in particular anxiety, health, death and positive emotion words) differed between blogs that mentioned "swine flu" and control blogs published between April 24 and May 7, 2007.
T324 419897-420078 Sentence denotes Web-based information-seeking behaviour was examined using the pattern of visits to H1N1-related Wikipedia pages from two weeks before to two weeks after the outbreak was announced.
T325 420079-420180 Sentence denotes The relationship between information seeking and anxiety word use in web blogs was also investigated.
T326 420181-420189 Sentence denotes Results:
T327 420190-420363 Sentence denotes Blogs mentioning "swine flu" contained significantly higher levels of anxiety, health and death-related words, and lower levels of positive emotion words that control blogs.
T328 420364-420483 Sentence denotes Use of anxiety words decreased steadily over the two week study period following the announcement of the H1N1 outbreak.
T329 420484-420607 Sentence denotes The peak in Wikipedia visits to H1N1-related pages was three days after the peak in anxiety word use measured in web blogs.
T330 420608-420814 Sentence denotes Lagged Pearson's correlations between language use and daily webpage visits three days later showed significant positive correlations between page views and use of anxiety words in web blogs (r=.76, p<.01).
T331 420815-420827 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T332 420828-421055 Sentence denotes The announcement of the H1N1 outbreak was associated with initial anxiety which decreased substantially over a two week time frame, and was found to be significantly associated with internet-based information-seeking behaviour.
T333 421056-421222 Sentence denotes The analysis of web behaviour can provide a useful indicator of the level and changing pattern of public anxiety and informationseeking following an illness outbreak.
T334 421223-421264 Sentence denotes Hepatitis C (HCV) is a blood borne virus:
T335 421265-421369 Sentence denotes 75% of patients develop chronic infection (HCV+) and are at risk of cirrhosis, liver failure and cancer.
T336 421370-421442 Sentence denotes While therapy can clear HCV in 50-80%, side effects may be debilitating.
T337 421443-421567 Sentence denotes Disclosure of HCV+ status is at the discretion of the individual, but may be precipitated by the decision to seek treatment.
T338 421568-421716 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to determine whether patient characteristics were associated with patterns of disclosure in HCV+ people seeking treatment.
T339 421717-421724 Sentence denotes Method:
T340 421725-421917 Sentence denotes As part of routine care in a tertiary referral clinic, a database has been maintained which includes key demographic data and details of psychosocial assessments undertaken by a social worker.
T341 421918-421978 Sentence denotes De-identified data was analysed from 2001 to 2008 inclusive.
T342 421979-421987 Sentence denotes Results:
T343 421988-422051 Sentence denotes There were 548 complete records, mean age 42.5 years, 68% male.
T344 422052-422213 Sentence denotes Most patients with a partner (married/de facto) disclosed to them (97%) but were less likely to disclose to anyone else, compared with other patients (p=0.0002).
T345 422214-422290 Sentence denotes Women were more likely to disclose to a friend compared with men (p=0.0063).
T346 422291-422468 Sentence denotes Younger patients were more likely to disclose to parents or siblings, while older patients were more likely to disclose to their children (Chi2 test for linear trend: p<0.0001).
T347 422469-422590 Sentence denotes Of patients with dependent children (62%), single parents were less likely to disclose to children than others (p=0.027).
T1 422591-422751 Sentence denotes In multivariate analysis, patients were more likely to disclose to at least one person (other than a partner) if they were divorced, separated or widowed (OR 6.
T2 422752-423000 Sentence denotes There is growing evidence that conscious types of perseverative cognition (PC), such as worry and rumination, can increase healthrelevant physiological parameters, and that PC may mediate the prolonged physiological effects of psychological stress.
T3 423001-423161 Sentence denotes There are, however, several indications that part of PC is unconscious and may be responsible for a considerable part of daily prolonged physiological activity.
T4 423162-423335 Sentence denotes For example, worry itself appears to be associated with prolonged physiological effects, both during nocturnal sleep and in daily life, up to two hours after worry episodes.
T5 423336-423454 Sentence denotes The existence of unconscious PC (UPC) is likely because most cognitive processes are (partly or entirely) unconscious.
T6 423455-423667 Sentence denotes Moreover, several studies using subliminal (under awareness threshold) negative emotional stimuli suggest that unconscious emotional cognition increase amongst others amygdala activity and skin conductance level.
T7 423668-423797 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that subliminal negative stimuli also increase more substantial, healthrelated parameters such as blood pressure.
T8 423798-423909 Sentence denotes Showing this would imply crucial support for the notion that UPC can have healthrelevant physiological effects.
T9 423910-424223 Sentence denotes Eighty college students anticipating an examination in the next two weeks, were shown either (1) subliminal negative words, such as "failure" and "stupid", (2) subliminal neutral words, (3) supraliminal (above awareness threshold) negative words, or (4) neutral supraliminal words, during a neutral computer task.
T10 424224-424281 Sentence denotes For subliminal stimulation as masking procedure was used.
T11 424282-424349 Sentence denotes Blood pressure was measured continuously using a Portapres Model-2.
T12 424350-424737 Sentence denotes An awareness check ascertained that no subject could consciously perceive the subliminal stimuli Results indicated that while negative words decreased systolic blood pressure marginally significantly across awareness conditions (F(1,77)=2.265, p<.10), they did so clearly and significantly in the subliminal condition (p<.05), but hardly and nonsignificantly in the subliminal condition.
T13 424738-424802 Sentence denotes Diastolic effects were in the same direction but nonsignificant.
T14 424803-424917 Sentence denotes High trait anxiety but not high trait worry augmented these differential effects of awareness of negative stimuli.
T15 424918-424977 Sentence denotes The effects could not be explained by conscious PC or mood.
T16 424978-425128 Sentence denotes Concluding, the results suggest that unconscious but not (or to a lesser extent) conscious negative emotional information can increase blood pressure.
T17 425129-425427 Sentence denotes This lends credibility to the hypothesis that unconscious emotional processing (UPC) may have physiological consequences, and warrants further studies, including real life studies, using available measures of unconscious emotion, to examine robustness and magnitude of similar effects in real life.
T18 425428-425501 Sentence denotes Many who develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ultimately recover.
T19 425502-425608 Sentence denotes Recovered persons may, however, display "biological vigilance," or physiological reactions to trauma cues.
T20 425609-425808 Sentence denotes We examined this using measures correlated with aging-related morbidity and mortality: circulating levels of C-reactive protein and plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), along with stimulated IL-6 production.
T21 425809-426003 Sentence denotes Apparently healthy, postmenopausal women with divorce histories completed interviews to assess current and lifetime PTSD in response to past intimate partner violence, or other traumatic events.
T22 426004-426169 Sentence denotes Women, all without current syndromal PTSD, were classified by history of PTSD diagnosis: none (PTSD-; n=33), subthreshold (PTSD+s; n=18), or syndromal (PTSD+; n=12).
T23 426170-426388 Sentence denotes Women attended two research visits; for each, a blood draw was followed by questionnaires that were either benign (Baseline Visit 1), or trauma-and PTSD-related, plus a diagnostic interview (Visit 2 Trauma Assessment).
T24 426389-426491 Sentence denotes Mixed effects models tested effects for PTSD History, Visit, and the PTSD History x Visit interaction.
T25 426492-426608 Sentence denotes For circulating IL-6 levels only, there was a trend for a PTSD History x Visit interaction, F(2,59.4) = 2.89, p=.06.
T26 426609-426693 Sentence denotes Interleukin-6 responses to the two visits differed for PTSD-and PTSD+ women (p=.03).
T27 426694-426777 Sentence denotes For PTSD-women, IL-6 levels were higher at Baseline than Trauma Assessment (p=.05).
T28 426778-426940 Sentence denotes In contrast, for PTSD+ women, IL-6 levels were higher at Trauma Assessment than Baseline, although this difference did not reach statistical significance (p=.16).
T29 426941-427070 Sentence denotes Further, at Baseline only, there was a trend (p=.06) for lower IL-6 levels among PTSD+ and PTSD+ s women, compared to PTSD-women.
T30 427071-427142 Sentence denotes These preliminary results, limited by sample size, require replication.
T31 427143-427354 Sentence denotes Tentatively, however, the pattern suggests that women with past syndromal PTSD may be characterized by baseline IL-6 hypoarousal, along with plasma IL-6 increases in anticipation of confronting trauma reminders.
T32 427355-427384 Sentence denotes Supported by NIH R21AG024902.
T33 427385-427523 Sentence denotes About 4% of the German population experience chronic tinnitus, but only a minority suffers from it to an extent affecting quality of life.
T34 427524-427743 Sentence denotes In order to explain tinnitus related distress, the neurophysiological model predicts associations of the tinnitus signal with an activation in limbic structures in distressed compared to nondistressed tinnitus patients.
T35 427744-427848 Sentence denotes The aim of the study was to test this hypothesis by identifying neural correlates of tinnitus annoyance.
T36 427849-428015 Sentence denotes High and low distressed chronic tinnitus patients and healthy controls were examined in an emotional sentence task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
T37 428016-428147 Sentence denotes During the task, participants evaluated the personal relevance of tinnitus related, general distress related and neutral sentences.
T38 428148-428311 Sentence denotes As a result high but not low distressed tinnitus patients showed activations in the Gyrus cinguli and Insula in reaction to tinnitus related vs. neutral sentences.
T39 428312-428388 Sentence denotes Similar effects were found comparing distress related and neutral sentences.
T40 428389-428546 Sentence denotes Additionally high distressed tinnitus patients showed an activation in the Gyrus cinguli in favor of tinnitus related compared to distress related sentences.
T41 428547-428651 Sentence denotes The effect seems to be a specific reaction to tinnitus related and not to generally distressing stimuli.
T42 428652-428713 Sentence denotes So the results are in line with the neurophysiological model.
T43 428714-428974 Sentence denotes This paper analyzes the trend of the youth homicide rate (age groups 15-24 and 25-34) in Mexico in last 30 years and seeks to identify the socioeconomic variables that better explain the geographical variations of youth homicide rate in Mexico in recent years.
T44 428975-429413 Sentence denotes The basic information for this study was obtained from official sources; trends of homicide rates by age groups 15-24 and 25-34 between 1979 and 2007 were analyzed; for each Mexican state, homicide rates by each age groups analyzed in triennial 2005-2007 were calculated; through the use of multiple regression analysis (stepwise method) the variables that better explained the interstate variations in the homicide rates were identified.
T45 429414-429576 Sentence denotes The results show that the homicide rate in both age groups have diminished in last 30 years, however these rates are relatively high in the international context.
T46 429577-429721 Sentence denotes Furthermore, although the male homicide rates are clearly higher in both age groups, this excess of male mortality has been notoriously reduced.
T47 429722-429925 Sentence denotes Moreover impunity, drug trafficking, social exclusion and firearms possession are key elements to understand the geographic variations of the youth homicide mortality in Mexico in the analyzed triennial.
T48 429926-430053 Sentence denotes In particular, drug trafficking has a great importance to analyze the variations of the homicide rate in 25-34 years old group.
T49 430054-430180 Sentence denotes The found regression model equations explain more of 50% of the geographic variations of the homicide rate in both age groups.
T50 430181-430541 Sentence denotes In this context, findings suggest that if Mexican government wants to reduce the geographical disparities in youth homicide rates, needs to develop new strategies to combat drug trafficking, establish programs to restrict firearm possession, and implement structural reforms to reduce poverty, social marginalization and socioeconomic disparities among states.
T51 430542-430750 Sentence denotes The present paper seeks to establish the prevalence and type of violence among adolescents enrolled in public high schools and to analyze the social and cultural factors associated with aggressor's condition.
T52 430751-430798 Sentence denotes This is a cross-sectional, analytic type study.
T53 430799-430952 Sentence denotes The data were gathered by questionnaire applied to 661 students enrolled in public high schools, during the period from December of 2008 to June of 2009.
T54 430953-431114 Sentence denotes In the sample selection approach -random and multi-stage -it was considered the entirety of state's high schools of the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Mexico.
T55 431115-431348 Sentence denotes According to obtained data, 48% of students were involved in some kind of violent event; 25% as victims, and 15% within a double role: eventually either as victim or aggressor, it was found that 8 out of 100 students were aggressors.
T56 431349-431416 Sentence denotes Within the aggressors group around 30% were women and 70% were men.
T57 431417-431658 Sentence denotes In the multivariate analysis for both genders, three are the variables that better explain aggressor's status: gender (OR 1.8), to be victimized for the family (OR 2.6) and to be involved in situations that unchain a police detention (OR 3).
T58 431659-431670 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T59 431671-431928 Sentence denotes Before entering school the adolescent has blended a series of family experiences (interfamilial violence) and peer relationships (participation in gangs exhibiting criminal records) -that allow to forecast what could be the way of relating with schoolmates.
T60 431929-432199 Sentence denotes Although the school becomes the new scenario where the adolescent has the opportunity to play a role already learned, in turn, this could become the field where the necessary transformation of risk behaviors and/or the learning of styles for social affront are mediated.
T61 432200-432324 Sentence denotes In this paper are presented some cognitive dimensions related to couple violence studied in a group of women involved in it.
T62 432325-432397 Sentence denotes Violence is a major social problem in the current life around the world.
T63 432398-432499 Sentence denotes Family violence is the most common and continual type and couple violence has the highest prevalence.
T64 432500-432640 Sentence denotes In any case it is a risk for health, it produces stress that for long periods of time affecting the functioning of the Immunological System.
T65 432641-432728 Sentence denotes Violence as an aversive situation, is expected to have an avoidance or escape reaction.
T66 432729-432820 Sentence denotes But as a world mean, it takes a woman near to 15 years to go out of a violent relationship.
T67 432821-432910 Sentence denotes Staying in a violent partner relationship, is considered codependency with the aggressor.
T68 432911-433018 Sentence denotes Multiple factors are involved for staying in a violent partner relationship: cultural, social and personal.
T69 433019-433159 Sentence denotes Is it possible to identify the cognitive and social factors related to couple violence in women that are involved in a violent relationship?
T70 433160-433226 Sentence denotes Could these factors explain women codependency with the aggressor?
T71 433227-433349 Sentence denotes To aim these objectives, it was developed a self report inventory based on cognitive, affective, and personality theories.
T72 433350-433482 Sentence denotes 441 women that have being involved in a violent relationship and that look for governmental support programs answered the inventory.
T73 433483-433523 Sentence denotes Their ages were from 18 to 62 years old.
T74 433524-433587 Sentence denotes The Socioeconomic and educative levels were from low to middle.
T75 433588-433633 Sentence denotes The responses were grouped into 6 dimensions:
T76 433634-433801 Sentence denotes Strength for coping with the violent situation, Feelings of harassment or fear, Anticipation of consequences, Emotional dependency, Self efficacy, and Self confidence.
T77 433802-433953 Sentence denotes These show elements of cognitive structure in women that suffer violence as a result of the social and cultural variables an o the violence experience.
T78 433954-434140 Sentence denotes In the next research phase, it will be to identify the dimensions that show which dimensions produce differences between women that stay in the relationship and women that are out of it.
T79 434141-434201 Sentence denotes These results will help to develop programs to support them.
T80 434202-434213 Sentence denotes Background:
T81 434214-434272 Sentence denotes Road traffic accidents (RTA) are an usual traumatic event.
T82 434273-434467 Sentence denotes In case of serious accidents, behind physical injuries, victims can develop psychological symptoms and problems s (e.g. Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) and PTSD) that interfere with quality of life.
T83 434468-434550 Sentence denotes Literature shows recent discussion on predictors of ASD and PTSD in these victims.
T84 434551-434559 Sentence denotes Methods:
T85 434560-434663 Sentence denotes 124 RTA victims (34 women and 90 male) were evaluated 6 days (T1) and 4 months (T2) after the accident.
T86 434664-434853 Sentence denotes At T1 participants filled a demographic questionnaire that asked about risk perception, Standford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire , Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire.
T87 434854-434902 Sentence denotes At T2 participants filled a 17 items PTSD scale.
T88 434903-434912 Sentence denotes Findings:
T89 434913-434933 Sentence denotes At T1 64,5% had ASD.
T90 434934-434981 Sentence denotes At T2 58,9% had PTSD and 21% had partial PTSD .
T91 434982-435153 Sentence denotes PTSD symptoms were positively correlated with risk perception (rsp=.266, p<.01), dissociative experiences (rsp = .407, p <.01) and acute stress symptoms (rsp=.460, p<.01).
T92 435154-435292 Sentence denotes In a regression analysis gender, risk perception, dissociative experiences and ASD symptoms accounted for 27,6% of PTSD symptoms variance.
T93 435293-435351 Sentence denotes Women report more ASD symptoms and PTSD symptoms than men.
T94 435352-435363 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T95 435364-435566 Sentence denotes The participants in this study were victims all of victims of serious accident, and the number of subjects with PTSD is unusually high, suggesting the need for psychological evaluation and intervention.
T96 435567-435663 Sentence denotes The predictors could be use to identify the ones that will be more disturbed after these events.
T97 435664-435799 Sentence denotes Rapid urbanization has led to increasing violence, psychosocial and psychiatric morbidity, particularly in low income/poor communities.
T98 435800-435928 Sentence denotes Such emerging violence amidst rising prosperity in Malaysia is posing serious challenges to behavioural medicine and healthcare.
T99 435929-436158 Sentence denotes In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 purposively sampled young respondents from 12 low-cost housing neighbourhoods within Kuala Lumpur to explore their perceptions and experiences of violence, and health impact.
T100 436159-436403 Sentence denotes The 25 multi-ethnic respondents, (12 men and 13 women) aged between 18-25 years, were residents of public low-cost high density housing where neighbourhood violence, viz. vandalism, street fights, robbery, drug dealing and homicide, was common.
T101 436404-436466 Sentence denotes Perceptions of violence were varied and gender differentiated.
T102 436467-436575 Sentence denotes Men tended to perceive crime as violence and serious violence to involve bleeding, hospitalization or death.
T103 436576-436687 Sentence denotes Women regarded fights, injuring others and crime as violence and ranked murder and rape to be serious violence.
T104 436688-436876 Sentence denotes Women and men were reluctant to intervene in domestic violence because they perceived it as a private matter although several respondents felt that a husband has no right to beat his wife.
T105 436877-436935 Sentence denotes Men, more than women, had direct experience with violence.
T106 436936-436984 Sentence denotes Some men had been robbed, threatened and beaten.
T107 436985-437122 Sentence denotes Several men had perpetrated violence: selling drugs during teen years, involved in illegal motorcycle racing, and assaulting a neighbour.
T108 437123-437157 Sentence denotes A couple of women had been robbed.
T109 437158-437324 Sentence denotes None had suffered any physical injuries/disability due to violence or reported symptoms of severe psychological consequences viz. disturbed sleep, appetite and moods.
T110 437325-437416 Sentence denotes Yet, women were more affected by high anxiety and pervasive fear of being victims of crime.
T111 437417-437499 Sentence denotes Men were more concerned about safety of their families, especially female members.
T112 437500-437682 Sentence denotes Girl child kidnapping, rape and murder happening in and around the neighbourhoods had created secondary traumatisation and strong sense of vulnerability to such violence among women.
T113 437683-437797 Sentence denotes Women particularly experienced chronic stress in coping with the daily crime and violence in their neighbourhoods.
T114 437798-438043 Sentence denotes Gendered experiences and impact of violence with regards to secondary traumatisation and chronic stress point to more sensitive and specific interventions, considering both behavioural and social factors, among low income/poor urban communities.
T115 438044-438057 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T116 438058-438201 Sentence denotes Usually, at the end of a lifestyle intervention trial, investigators present the predefined intervention strategy as well as the study Results:
T117 438202-438272 Sentence denotes In practice, the intervention may not have been performed as intended.
T118 438273-438465 Sentence denotes In the Health under Construction Study, 27 occupational health professionals (counselors) performed a six-month motivational interviewing-based lifestyle intervention for construction workers.
T119 438466-438604 Sentence denotes The intervention was aimed at changing dietary, physical activity, and smoking behavior, and thereby lowering cardiovascular disease risk.
T120 438605-438814 Sentence denotes The purpose of this process evaluation was to evaluate the counselors' adherence to the intervention protocol, their competence, and the associations between adherence, competence and body weight at follow up.
T121 438815-438823 Sentence denotes Methods:
T122 438824-438944 Sentence denotes The number of sessions and prescribed items discussed in the first counseling session were registered by the counselors.
T123 438945-439066 Sentence denotes Counselors' competence in listening, supporting, motivating, and informing was rated by both participants and counselors.
T124 439067-439167 Sentence denotes Adherence to motivational interviewing was determined by expert scoring of 19 audio-taped fragments.
T125 439168-439293 Sentence denotes Associations between reach, dose, and competence, and body weight at follow-up were determined by linear regression analyses.
T126 439294-439302 Sentence denotes Results:
T127 439303-439404 Sentence denotes Two-thirds of all participants attended five or more sessions, and 38.5% attended all seven sessions.
T128 439405-439499 Sentence denotes In 90.2% of all cases, the counselor discussed all four prescribed items in the first session.
T129 439500-439588 Sentence denotes Adherence to motivational interviewing was concluded from only one audio-taped fragment.
T130 439589-439664 Sentence denotes 86.3 percent of all participants agreed with the counselor being competent.
T131 439665-439791 Sentence denotes Neither counselors' competence, nor number of sessions or items discussed, was significantly associated with body weight loss.
T132 439792-439804 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T133 439805-439954 Sentence denotes Performing five sessions and discussing four prescribed items was feasible for the counselors, whereas adhering to motivational interviewing was not.
T134 439955-440068 Sentence denotes Still, participants were positive about the counselors' competence and willing to attend the counseling sessions.
T135 440069-440232 Sentence denotes Investigators are encouraged to report the evaluation of their intervention process, in order to improve future lifestyle interventions in research or in practice.
T136 440233-440416 Sentence denotes Colorectal cancer is the third leading cancer in incidence and mortality among US adults, and these rates are higher in the African American community than among other subpopulations.
T137 440417-440517 Sentence denotes Community-based approaches have grown in popularity, in an effort to fight these cancer disparities.
T138 440518-440713 Sentence denotes Though church-based approaches have been included among these initiatives, few are "spiritually-based" in nature, using spiritual/religious themes and writings to support the core health message.
T139 440714-440824 Sentence denotes Such an approach may increase the cultural relevance of a health communication, and perhaps even its efficacy.
T140 440825-441138 Sentence denotes The efficacy of a Community Health Advisor-led intervention to increase awareness and screening for colorectal cancer was examined using a randomized controlled trial, in which a spiritually-based approach was compared against a non-spiritual (e.g., secular) comparison intervention of same structure and content.
T141 441139-441223 Sentence denotes Trained Community Health Advisors led two educational sessions on colorectal cancer.
T142 441224-441312 Sentence denotes Study participants (N =358) completed baseline, 1-month, and 12-month follow-up surveys.
T143 441313-441383 Sentence denotes A 90% retention rate was achieved over the course of the study period.
T144 441384-441678 Sentence denotes Within group analyses suggest that the spiritually-based intervention resulted in significant increases from baseline to one-month follow-up in colorectal cancer knowledge (p<.001), perceived benefits to screening (p<.001), and significant decreases in perceived barriers to screening (p<.001).
T145 441679-441979 Sentence denotes Comparisons between the spiritually-based and non-spiritual intervention indicate that the spiritually-based intervention was more efficacious than the non-spiritual for increasing perceived benefits to screening (p<.001), while the non-spiritual was more effective for increasing knowledge (p<.001).
T146 441980-442053 Sentence denotes Data are also examined among demographic subgroups such as men and women.
T147 442054-442112 Sentence denotes Screening data at the 12-month followup are also reported.
T148 442113-442307 Sentence denotes These findings suggest that the spirituallybased and non-spiritual approaches to health communication may have different impacts depending on the outcome and demographic subgroup being examined.
T149 442308-442319 Sentence denotes Background:
T150 442320-442415 Sentence denotes Humor in medicine is not a speciality at present but is gaining recognition as a clinical tool.
T151 442416-442424 Sentence denotes Purpose:
T152 442425-442575 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study is to review humor in a holistic manner and explore its various angles from its evolution to usage in the field of medicine.
T153 442576-442583 Sentence denotes Method:
T154 442584-442783 Sentence denotes A literature search was conducted using PubMed restricting to the statements of "Laughter Therapy" and "Humor and Laughter." Additional articles were sourced from reference list of relevant articles.
T155 442784-442852 Sentence denotes These were critically analysed to identify use of humor in medicine.
T156 442853-442861 Sentence denotes Results:
T157 442862-442980 Sentence denotes This paper provides an overview of the field of humor focusing of what is known and not known about humor in medicine.
T158 442981-443089 Sentence denotes This information serves as an important ingredient to reinforce the development of formal training in humor.
T159 443090-443102 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T160 443103-443248 Sentence denotes Based on this review we argue that knowledge of humor should be imparted to care givers as a potential therapeutic tool in the field of medicine.
T161 443249-443260 Sentence denotes Background:
T162 443261-443484 Sentence denotes Evidence demonstrates self-management programs are an effective approach to assist patients with chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes or cardiac conditions to modify their lifestyle for better managing their conditions.
T163 443485-443680 Sentence denotes Using information technology (IT) has great potential to support self-management programs and assist patients to fulfill their goals in managing their conditions more efficiently and effectively.
T164 443681-443893 Sentence denotes Examples of different types of technology used in self-management programs that have limited research support include: text messages, telephone followup, web-based programs, and other internet-assisted education.
T165 443894-444090 Sentence denotes But little is known about the applicability and feasiability of different forms of technology for patients with chronic diseases such as those with type 2 diabetes and critical cardiac conditions.
T166 444091-444270 Sentence denotes Furthermore, although there is some evidence of the benefits of using IT in supporting self-management programs, further research on the use of IT in such programs is recommended.
T167 444271-444281 Sentence denotes Objective:
T168 444282-444422 Sentence denotes To develop and pilot test an integrated Cardiac-Diabetes Self-Management Program (CDSMP) incorporating telephone and text-message follow-up.
T169 444423-444431 Sentence denotes Methods:
T170 444432-444639 Sentence denotes A pilot study using randomised controlled trial is conducted in the coronary care unit (CCU) in a Brisbane metropolitan hospital in Australia to collect data on patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to CCU.
T171 444640-444720 Sentence denotes The main outcomes included self-efficacy levels, knowledge, and quality of life.
T172 444721-444729 Sentence denotes Results:
T173 444730-444881 Sentence denotes Initial results reveal that patients with diabetes admitted to the CCU in the experimental group did improve their self-efficacy, and knowledge levels.
T174 444882-445133 Sentence denotes Previous research has identified two important user reactions to Internet-based health behaviour interventions: users trust in an intervention and the extent to which users respond to the intervention as if it were a person (e.g. anthropomorphically).
T175 445134-445376 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to examine how these user reactions might be linked to users' engagement with five specific design features of the 'Internet Doctor', an Internet-based intervention to promote the self-care of cold and 'flu symptoms.
T176 445377-445493 Sentence denotes The five design features were: social context and support; visual appearance; credibility; tailoring; and usability.
T177 445494-445567 Sentence denotes Twenty six adults aged 18 to 63 participated in 'think-aloud' interviews.
T178 445568-445689 Sentence denotes Inductive thematic analysis and techniques from grounded theory were used to identify recurring patterns within the data.
T179 445690-445890 Sentence denotes Three user reactions were identified: users' trust of the 'Internet Doctor'; users' anthropomorphic responses to the 'Internet Doctor'; and users' preference for human involvement in their healthcare.
T180 445891-446077 Sentence denotes These reactions appeared to be linked to differences in user engagement with four of the five design features (social context and support; visual appearance; credibility; and tailoring).
T181 446078-446408 Sentence denotes For example, some users who trusted the 'Internet Doctor' expressed positive views of social context and support features (e.g. a question and answer format that was analogous to face-to-face dialogue; information about the 'real' doctor behind the advice) -using them as justification to trust the website's diagnosis and advice.
T182 446409-446627 Sentence denotes In contrast, participants who expressed a desire for human interaction and were aware of their own anthropomorphic responses to the 'Internet Doctor' were uneasy about features that provided social context and support.
T183 446628-446739 Sentence denotes Different user reactions were hence associated with different types of engagement with the same design feature.
T184 446740-446865 Sentence denotes The implications of these findings for the optimal design of Internet-based health behaviour interventions will be discussed.
T185 446866-446975 Sentence denotes Psychology, University of Evora, Evora, Portugal and 2 Psychology, Instituto Piaget -ISEIT, Almada, Portugal.
T186 446976-446987 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T187 446988-447237 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), peritraumatic dissociation, psychological distress and subjective health complaints in the psychological well-being of the emergency ambulance personnel.
T188 447238-447246 Sentence denotes Methods:
T189 447247-447557 Sentence denotes This is a cross-sectional study in which 250 ambulance personnel; both sexes completed a self-administered questionnaire, with measures of post-traumatic stress disorder, peritraumatic dissociation, psychological distress, subjective health complaints, psychological well-being and socio-demographic variables.
T190 447558-447566 Sentence denotes Results:
T191 447567-447796 Sentence denotes The results indicated that ambulance personnel have on average some PTSD symptoms, while 10% have a clinical diagnosis of PTSD, peritraumatic symptoms are also significant, as well as psychological distress and health complaints.
T192 447797-447911 Sentence denotes Correlational analyses indicated a negative significant association between symptoms and psychological well-being.
T193 447912-448075 Sentence denotes The peritraumatic dissociation, the subjective health complaints, psychological distress and sex were found to be predictors of the post-traumatic stress disorder.
T194 448076-448193 Sentence denotes There were significant differences concerning the socio-demographic variables in relation to the dependent variables.
T195 448194-448207 Sentence denotes Implications:
T196 448208-448469 Sentence denotes The results of this study highlight relevant indicators of the need to develop and implement intervention programs to alleviate the psychological suffering, promoting the adjustment and the physical and psychological well-being in emergency ambulance personnel.
T197 448470-448482 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T198 448483-448681 Sentence denotes This study presents a contribution to understanding the psychological consequences of daily exposure to traumatic incidents, and its impact on health and well-being of emergency ambulance personnel.
T199 448682-448693 Sentence denotes Background:
T200 448694-448779 Sentence denotes Nepal has different climate zones from ice freeze cold to hot in plain tarai regions.
T201 448780-448823 Sentence denotes The maximum temperature is around 45-52o C.
T202 448824-449165 Sentence denotes Implicit in all indices used for risk assessment in the prevention of heat stress is the assumption that workers are healthy and well hydrated; studies in Nepal cement, iron factory workers where workers are poorly hydrated, the level of protection offered by management strategies based primarily on environmental monitoring is compromised.
T203 449166-449177 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T204 449178-449437 Sentence denotes To investigate the hydration status of expatriate workers during summer in a range of works as large numbers of expatriate workers are employed as manual labourers in industries under extreme heat stress conditions where heat illness is a significant concern.
T205 449438-449595 Sentence denotes The aim was to ascertain whether the generally inadequate hydration status, is also an issue in these workers and make practical recommendations for control.
T206 449596-449604 Sentence denotes Methods:
T207 449605-449801 Sentence denotes Studies were carried out at four sites to document the hydration status of exposed workers in different workplaces using urine specific gravity at three time points over two different work shifts.
T208 449802-449810 Sentence denotes Results:
T209 449811-450030 Sentence denotes Although the workers were found in general to be better hydrated than their other zone counterparts, a high proportion were still found to be inadequately hydrated both on presentation for work and throughout the shift.
T210 450031-450090 Sentence denotes Workers take less drinking water and more alcohol, smoking.
T211 450091-450103 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T212 450104-450226 Sentence denotes Interventions are required to ensure that workers in extreme heat stress conditions maintain adequate levels of hydration.
T213 450227-450342 Sentence denotes Behavior change among workers to drink plenty of water, fluids and avoid alcohol, smoking, adequate sleep and rest.
T214 450343-450449 Sentence denotes Failure to do so reduces the protection afforded by heat stress indices based on environmental monitoring.
T215 450450-450622 Sentence denotes Regular Health assessment and behavior change programs in those areas is important for safety and reduce occupation health hazards as well. (2010) 17 (Suppl 1):S1-S329 S135
T216 450623-450634 Sentence denotes Background:
T217 450635-450781 Sentence denotes Industrial Workers' health behaviour includes habits or actions related to physical exercise, nutrition, smoking, and drug or alcohol consumption.
T218 450782-450921 Sentence denotes Unhealthy behaviour, and especially alcohol consumption, has been considered a source of accidents and injuries among construction workers.
T219 450922-451028 Sentence denotes However, unhealthy behaviour can also be seen as a result of the safety and risk conditions of these jobs.
T220 451029-451037 Sentence denotes Methods:
T221 451038-451184 Sentence denotes The purpose of this paper is to contrast the role of unhealthy behaviour as a source or as an outcome of safety and risk in the industrial sector.
T222 451185-451272 Sentence denotes Data was collected from 180 workers belonging to a Industrial and construction company.
T223 451273-451335 Sentence denotes Two path models representing these two hypotheses were tested.
T224 451336-451460 Sentence denotes The model in which unhealthy behaviour is an antecedent of injuries did not fit the data (Chi square=73.798, df=3, p<0.001).
T225 451461-451469 Sentence denotes Results:
T226 451470-451650 Sentence denotes It supports the hypothesis of unhealthy behaviour as a result of safety and risk factors through the mediating effect of the experience of tension (Chi-square=4.507, df=2, p=.212).
T227 451651-452064 Sentence denotes This model not only corroborates the stressful nature of exposure to risk and the absence of supervisors' safety response, but it also makes it possible to consider injuries as a cause of tension that, in turn, affects the employees' unhealthy behaviour. that included questions on the effort and reward at work, overcommitment, physical health, and a range of other social, demographic and behavioral indicators.
T228 452065-452153 Sentence denotes All individuals were then followed for mortality through population mortality registers.
T229 452154-452224 Sentence denotes Mortality data are available in all 3 countries until the end of 2008.
T230 452225-452338 Sentence denotes Cox regression modeling was used to estimate the association between ERI, overcommitment and all-cause mortality.
T231 452339-452441 Sentence denotes Only men and women who were full-time working at the time of the interview were used for the analysis.
T232 452442-452450 Sentence denotes Results:
T233 452451-452624 Sentence denotes After controlling for age, sex and range of possible confounding variables, the effort-reward ratio and overcommitment were significantly related to the all-cause mortality.
T234 452625-452704 Sentence denotes Adjustment for socioeconomic position did not substantially change the Results:
T235 452705-452829 Sentence denotes We did not find strong evidence for any interaction between socioeconomic measures and work-related psychosocial indicators.
T236 452830-452842 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T237 452843-453015 Sentence denotes Stress at work expressed by effort-reward imbalance and overcommitment is related to all-cause mortality in these three middle-age Central and Eastern European populations.
T238 453016-453121 Sentence denotes Throughout the course of a person's labour force participation, bouts of unemployment may be experienced.
T239 453122-453303 Sentence denotes Studies have examined the relationship between single bouts of unemployment and psychological well-being as well as single and multiple bouts of unemployment with life satisfaction.
T240 453304-453396 Sentence denotes This study examines the effect of multiple bouts of unemployment on psychological wellbeing.
T241 453397-453688 Sentence denotes Specifically, whether people became sensitized, i.e. Psychological well-being becomes worse with each bout of unemployment, or adapted, i.e. Psychological well-being is worst with the first bout of unemployment and the impact of each additional period of unemployment is less than the first.
T242 453689-453794 Sentence denotes Data came from the British Household Panel Survey, a large-scale longitudinal representative panel study.
T243 453795-453983 Sentence denotes Psychological well-being was measured using the GHQ and participation in the labour force was self-reported; data were examined separately for males and females using multilevel modelling.
T244 453984-454064 Sentence denotes The GHQ score at the first unemployment bout was used as the reference category.
T245 454065-454214 Sentence denotes These scores were compared to scores from the period previous to the first unemployment bout, and at subsequent unemployment and re-employment bouts.
T246 454215-454293 Sentence denotes Up to three unemployment and reemployment periods were allowed per individual.
T247 454294-454379 Sentence denotes Results show that there are definite gender differences in reactions to unemployment.
T248 454380-454606 Sentence denotes Among males and females, psychological wellbeing worsened significantly during the period up to the first unemployment bout (difference scores 0.89, p-value<0.0001 and 0.90, p-value<0.0001 for males and females, respectively).
T249 454607-454821 Sentence denotes Psychological well-being significantly improved during the first re-employment stage for both males and females (difference scores 0.95, p-value<0.0001 and 1.04, p-value<0.0001 for males and females, respectively).
T250 454822-455006 Sentence denotes Psychological well-being scores were significantly lower for the second unemployment bout compared to the first for males (0.74, p-value<0.05) but not for females (0.02, p-value>0.05).
T251 455007-455192 Sentence denotes A test for linear trend was significant for both males and females; however differences between reactions became smaller with each unemployment period for males, but larger for females.
T252 455193-455302 Sentence denotes There were differences in response to multiple bouts of unemployment between males and females in this study.
T253 455303-455479 Sentence denotes Males experienced adaptation in that the response to the first bout of unemployment was significantly greater than the response to subsequent bouts (trend test p-value<0.0001).
T254 455480-455610 Sentence denotes Females, however, experienced sensitization in that response increased with each bout of unemployment (trend test p-value<0.0001).
T255 455611-455747 Sentence denotes The findings suggest that males are able to adjust to multiple unemployment bouts while females' psychological well-being becomes worse.
T256 455748-455943 Sentence denotes A questionnaire survey regarding the factors affecting duration of untreated psychosis was conducted among 346 members of the association of family of psychosis patients in Mie Prefecture, Japan.
T257 455944-456058 Sentence denotes Completed answers were returned from 138 members (118 parents, one spouse, 6 siblings and 13 patients themselves).
T258 456059-456251 Sentence denotes Duration between the suspected first episode of psychosis and the first visit to 'physicians' (including primary care physicians, psychiatrists or others) was 18.5 months on average (SD 40.2).
T259 456252-456345 Sentence denotes Forty-five subjects consulted family members or relatives first before visit to 'physicians'.
T260 456346-456582 Sentence denotes It took 9.8 months on average (SD 11.2) for them to decide to visit, which were significantly shorter than the duration for subjects who consulted other than family members or relatives (22.8 months on average with 48.9 of SD) (p<0.05).
T261 456583-456805 Sentence denotes Similarly, it took 40.2 months on average (SD 63.0) for 18 subjects who consulted teachers at school, which was significantly longer than the period for those who did not (15.1 months on average with 35.5 of SD) (p<0.05) .
T262 456806-457098 Sentence denotes In case that reasons for visit to 'physicians' were physical symptoms (sleep disturbance etc), the mean span before the visit was 9.3 months (SD 12.1, 48subjects), which was significantly earlier than the visit because of other reasons (24.1 months on average, SD 50.1, 82 subjects) (p<0.05).
T263 457099-457225 Sentence denotes Stigma or prejudice is supposed to be a major barrier to medical care, considering more than half of subjects (71) Background:
T264 457226-457386 Sentence denotes Breastfeeding rates in the USA and UK are among the lowest in the world, yet breastfeeding is known to be the most healthy feeding method for infant and mother.
T265 457387-457659 Sentence denotes Staff training is an essential element for organisations wishing to achieve the evidence based UNICEF Baby Friendly Initiative (BFI) and since it is known that those who volunteer for training are often the most competent, an objective training needs analysis is required.
T266 457660-457759 Sentence denotes A breastfeeding training programme is being delivered to healthcare staff in the West Midlands, UK.
T267 457760-457862 Sentence denotes Prior to the training staff undertake an online objective evaluation of their breastfeeding knowledge.
T268 457863-457873 Sentence denotes Objective:
T269 457874-457974 Sentence denotes To assess the levels of breastfeeding knowledge of healthcare staff working with mothers in England.
T270 457975-458098 Sentence denotes To assess if training needs differed according to prior recent training in breastfeeding, years of service, and profession.
T271 458099-458107 Sentence denotes Methods:
T272 458108-458190 Sentence denotes Breastfeeding knowledge was measured before the training programme was undertaken.
T273 458191-458376 Sentence denotes A web based assessment tool Coventry University Breastfeeding Assessment (CUBA) was used to assess healthcare staff in eight sub scales relating to breastfeeding knowledge and practice.
T274 458377-458385 Sentence denotes Results:
T275 458386-458439 Sentence denotes 248 healthcare staff completed the online assessment.
T276 458440-458624 Sentence denotes Overall, knowledge levels in relation to the sub scale breastfeeding difficulties and positioning and attachment were highest with 93.1% and 95.2% respectively achieving 50% or higher.
T277 458625-458764 Sentence denotes Knowledge of who breastfeeds and the challenges to breastfeeding scored the lowest with 54.5% and 46.4% respectively scoring less than 50%.
T278 458765-458839 Sentence denotes In six out of the eight categories 30% or more staff scored less than 50%.
T279 458840-459091 Sentence denotes T tests showed scores relating to positioning and attachment, difficulties, challenges, support and total scores were significantly higher for those who had received training within the last year whereas no differences were found by length of service.
T280 459092-459209 Sentence denotes Midwives had significantly higher mean scores for supporting breastfeeding and practices compared to health visitors.
T281 459210-459312 Sentence denotes Integration of mental health and primary care services has made impressive strides in the past decade.
T282 459313-459417 Sentence denotes Over the past three years, MH/PC integration has received unprecedented support within Veterans Affairs.
T283 459418-459566 Sentence denotes This poster will detail how collaboration among primary care and mental health services at one VA has evolved into a successful integration program.
T284 459567-459718 Sentence denotes The presentation/poster will include information about co-location, integration, and open-access as well as data regarding efficacy and model fidelity.
T285 459719-459953 Sentence denotes Quantitative data will be presented regarding our universal suicide/homicide risk screening practice in primary care, our substance use co-integration initiative, and our integration project to address diabetes, HTN, and dyslipidemia.
T286 459954-460054 Sentence denotes Qualitative data addressing primary care staff satisfaction with the program will also be presented.
T287 460055-460423 Sentence denotes Four indicators of efficiency will be offered: (1) promptness of mental-health consultant availability, (2) market penetration (i.e., what percentage of patients seen are new patients), (3) brief visits to ensure rapid availability, and (4) efficient/ cost-effective utilization of specialty mental health resources (e.g., psychiatry, psychology, social-work clinics).
T288 460424-460701 Sentence denotes With regard to efficiency/ cost-effectiveness, an integration program is considered more effective when more mild-moderate cases are treated in primary care, fewer referrals are sent to specialty mental health care and a greater proportion of specialty referrals are completed.
T289 460702-460833 Sentence denotes These efficiency/cost-effectiveness markers offer an indication of whether a patient was appropriately triaged within primary care.
T290 460834-461063 Sentence denotes This study examined the modifying role of psychosocial resources in the impact of life stress on psychosomatic symptoms in a 10-year follow-up period using a dynamic model of psychosocial resources in the stress coping framework.
T291 461064-461176 Sentence denotes Subjects (N=1262) were participants in two follow-up surveys (1989/22yrs; 1999/32yrs) of a Finnish cohort study.
T292 461177-461400 Sentence denotes The self-report measures included life stress (number of negative life events), psychosomatic symptoms (index of 17 somatic and mental complaints), and psychosocial resources (self-esteem, meaningfulness, locus of control).
T293 461401-461538 Sentence denotes Analyses were done using change scores of life stress and psychosocial resources in structural equation modeling and regression analysis.
T294 461539-461687 Sentence denotes Increase in life stress across 10 years was inversely related (standardized regression weight=-.25, p<.001) to the change in psychosocial resources.
T295 461688-461850 Sentence denotes Further, increase in psychosocial resources was inversely related (-.38, p<.001) to psychosomatic symptoms at 32 years controlling for the baseline symptom level.
T296 461851-462122 Sentence denotes The total effect of change in life stress on psychosomatic symptoms at follow-up was decomposed to a significant direct effect (.12, p<.001) and a significant indirect effect through changes in psychosocial resources (.10, p<.001), indicating a case of partial mediation.
T297 462123-462345 Sentence denotes The resource change moderated the effect of increasing life stress on psychosomatic symptoms (p=.001), the effect being significantly smaller among those with increasing resources as compared to those with resource losses.
T298 462346-462610 Sentence denotes The results lend support to the conservation of resources theory and emphasize the importance of dynamic conceptualization of psychosocial resources in the stress process: resource losses and gains form an important mediational path between life stress and health.
T299 462611-462770 Sentence denotes The results also suggest that resource gains can compensate or buffer the negative effects of life stress on health even in the case of increasing life stress.
T300 462771-462972 Sentence denotes The medical experience of intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with many negative conditions such as isolation, loneliness, immobility or dependence, which have significant impact on patient status.
T301 462973-463169 Sentence denotes Therefore, it is not surprising that patients report worse quality of life in both physical status and depression, anxiety and discomfort once being discharged from the unit (Garcia et al, 2003) .
T302 463170-463399 Sentence denotes Taking into account this fact and the importance of quality of life related to health, the aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in perception of quality of life reported by patients before and after admission to ICU.
T303 463400-463488 Sentence denotes The study was based in 57 patients admitted to the ICU at General Hospital in Castellón.
T304 463489-463572 Sentence denotes Of these patients, 70.5% were male and 29.5% female, with a mean age of 53.6 years.
T305 463573-463702 Sentence denotes From this study, we excluded people who had any communicating problem, and also people who suffer a prior psychological disorder.
T306 463703-463816 Sentence denotes The participants, whilst staying in ICU and after giving their consent, were administered various questionnaires.
T307 463817-463899 Sentence denotes One of them was the Euro-Qol in its Spanish version (Badia et al, 1999 Background:
T308 463900-463984 Sentence denotes Illness behavior in schizophrenia patients implies illness denial (lack of insight).
T309 463985-464206 Sentence denotes Different studies of insight in schizophrenia have led to inconsistent findings and conflicting results alternatively stating that acknowledgement of one's mental illness is a detriment and a key to successful adaptation.
T310 464207-464217 Sentence denotes Objective:
T311 464218-464557 Sentence denotes This cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between illness denial in schizophrenia and its influence on frequency of hospitalization and relapse, as well as the way insight relates to other important variables, such as depression, quality of life and optimism, patient's social context and available support system in Romania
T312 464558-464566 Sentence denotes Methods:
T313 464567-464735 Sentence denotes All patients diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia (DSM-IV-R), and having a history of relapse and admitted in a six month period were asked to participate in the study.
T314 464736-464951 Sentence denotes Patients who gave consent (45 patients) were evaluated using the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (QLESQ-18), The Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS),.
T315 464952-465018 Sentence denotes Results to PANSS item G12 were used for the assessment of insight.
T316 465019-465110 Sentence denotes Admission charts and interview were used for the assessment of social and familial support.
T317 465111-465119 Sentence denotes Results:
T318 465120-465310 Sentence denotes The patients who had insight had also reduced optimism, a high rate of perceived stress, these being associated with a high frequency of hospital admissions and with a lower quality of life.
T319 465311-465384 Sentence denotes 32 subjects, or 71%, had severe insight deficits or even lack of insight.
T320 465385-465475 Sentence denotes These findings were associated with higher optimism, and a lower rate of perceived stress.
T321 465476-465582 Sentence denotes Patients who benefited of support system and had an adequate social context had fewer hospital admissions.
T322 465583-465594 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T323 465595-465747 Sentence denotes We could advance the premise that the incapacity to benefit from this higher insight is due to the poor quality of the supporting system in our country.
T324 465748-465929 Sentence denotes It is vital to be able to connect the capacity of "being aware" that the patient has, with a proper supporting system and social context, in order to obtain a maximum of efficiency.
T325 465930-465953 Sentence denotes Background and purpose:
T326 465954-466170 Sentence denotes Despite a recent increase in the attention given to improving communication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients' decision-making (Murray, et al., 2009 ), understanding of patients view is still lacking in Japan.
T327 466171-466409 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to describe Japanese dialysis patients' views about advantages and disadvantages of their dialysis treatments (CHD: in-center hemodialysis, CAPD: continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, APD: automated PD).
T328 466410-466418 Sentence denotes Methods:
T329 466419-466499 Sentence denotes Forty-one participants, including 17 CHD, 17 CAPD, and 7 APD patients (mean age:
T330 466500-466546 Sentence denotes 58.5 year old (SD=13.6), mean dialysis period:
T331 466547-466676 Sentence denotes 43.5 months (SD=29.2)), were requested to undergo a semi-structured interview, and the data obtained were qualitatively analyzed.
T332 466677-466685 Sentence denotes Results:
T333 466686-466782 Sentence denotes The participants considered that their dialysis modalities had its advantages and disadvantages.
T334 466783-466999 Sentence denotes In terms of advantage, "less trouble for the people around me" was the most common answer of all dialysis modalities. "Independence", "less hospital visit", and "flexibility" were advantages of CAPD and APD patients.
T335 467000-467123 Sentence denotes On the other hand, CHD patients consider the advantages of the treatment were "professional care" and "dialysis-free days".
T336 467124-467256 Sentence denotes As for disadvantage, "catheter care" and "making trouble for the people around me" were the common answers of CAPD and APD patients.
T337 467257-467417 Sentence denotes For CHD patients, "making trouble for the people around me", "restriction of diet and fluid", and "feeling bad after carrying out dialysis" were common answers.
T338 467418-467498 Sentence denotes Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan and 2 Tobu Maruyama Hospital, Satte, Japan.
T339 467499-467643 Sentence denotes In this descriptive study, we will demonstrate therapeutic processes of clinical cases of maladaptive patients with moderate mental retardation.
T340 467644-467825 Sentence denotes Although behavioral interventions are one of the most effective treatments to such populations, the relationship often encounters difficulties and the therapy becomes unprogressive.
T341 467826-467983 Sentence denotes It is partly because of their limitation of ability to use language which enables them to understand and express their thoughts, feelings and understandings.
T342 467984-468178 Sentence denotes The aim of this descriptive study is to show some of the examples of inventive approaches which thought to be helpful to the progression of the therapies for the patients with a mental handicap.
T343 468179-468209 Sentence denotes Method (process of treatment):
T344 468210-468305 Sentence denotes The patients were male 20 s and female 30 s, both were unmarried and lived with their families.
T345 468306-468421 Sentence denotes Three years of outpatient therapy, conducted once every two to three weeks, took place at the psychiatric hospital.
T346 468422-468551 Sentence denotes Medication and behavioral interventions, including management of use of social welfare services and psycho-education, were given.
T347 468552-468774 Sentence denotes In addition, the following approaches were developed in the course of treatment: (1) Psychiatrist and psychologist worked as a team to deal with the patients, and discussed about emotional burden that had been experienced.
T348 468775-468874 Sentence denotes (2) The patients were asked to come to therapy by themselves and with their families alternatively.
T349 468875-469019 Sentence denotes (3) Importance of attending work at the welfare facility was emphasized at each session and patients' refusals of work were disputed thoroughly.
T350 469020-469116 Sentence denotes The patients gradually have become to hold back complaining and maladaptive behaviors decreased.
T351 469117-469129 Sentence denotes Discussions:
T352 469130-469243 Sentence denotes In order to maintain the therapy relationships and prevent drop out, three approaches listed above seemed useful.
T353 469244-469397 Sentence denotes Approach (1) may enable therapists to manage negative feelings toward patient which are often underestimated in the case of patient with mental handicap.
T354 469398-469530 Sentence denotes Approach (2) may give patients the room for privacy and it may also enable to observe and approach family problems at the same time.
T355 469531-469702 Sentence denotes Approach (3) may set strong therapeutic framework which enables both patients and therapists to realize small progresses that have been achieved through course of therapy.
T356 469703-469805 Sentence denotes Quantitative research and experimental study will be needed to specify the effect of these approaches.
T357 469806-470077 Sentence denotes Clinical and behavioral research is commonly challenged by difficulties in recruitment and retention, particularly for many underrepresented or vulnerable populations, including HIVpositive individuals, minority individuals, and individuals with low socioeconomic status.
T358 470078-470255 Sentence denotes Indeed, recruitment rates in recent published reports of behavioral interventions focused on health improvement in such populations range from as low as 13.5% to as high as 59%.
T359 470256-470264 Sentence denotes Methods:
T360 470265-470418 Sentence denotes We conducted post-intervention focus groups with 15 participants in the Making Our Mothers Stronger (MOMS) Project, a randomized behavioral intervention.
T361 470419-470611 Sentence denotes MOMS participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental condition of a parenting skills intervention or to an attentioncontrol condition of a health related behaviors intervention.
T362 470612-470695 Sentence denotes Two focus groups were conducted with participants from each intervention condition.
T363 470696-470887 Sentence denotes A focus group guide ensured consistency between groups and covered participants' response to the MOMS Project as well as their perceptions and recommendations about recruitment and retention.
T364 470888-470988 Sentence denotes Three coders developed a codebook using constant comparison to identify major themes and sub-themes.
T365 470989-470997 Sentence denotes Results:
T366 470998-471119 Sentence denotes 87% of the focus group participants were African-American; their mean age was 41 years and 53% were single/never married.
T367 471120-471354 Sentence denotes Identified themes included approaches to and venues for recruitment success, the role of key staff, effective and ineffective incentives, the impact of group process on recruitment and retention, and program resources that are needed.
T368 471355-471366 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T369 471367-471741 Sentence denotes Specific recommendations that emerged from the focus groups include recruiting in trusted venues, employing a persistent and encouraging recruiter who is sensitive to stigma issues, ensuring acceptability of recruitment materials through field-testing, ensuring social benefits of the intervention are immediate, and providing programs that are highly salient and practical.
T370 471742-471750 Sentence denotes Methods:
T371 471751-471985 Sentence denotes Since the time interval between exposure to HIV and the development of AIDS is close to 10 years, it is likely that these young adults were exposed to HIV when they were teenagers; this has rendered many of them homeless and hopeless.
T372 471986-472072 Sentence denotes A study should be conducted in Ibadan Nigeria for the homeless youths living with HIV.
T373 472073-472182 Sentence denotes This study will determine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of homeless youths regarding HIV infection.
T374 472183-472291 Sentence denotes Self administered semi structured questionnaire would be administered by 70% of the homeless youth with HIV.
T375 472292-472386 Sentence denotes A focus group discussion will also be used to get responses from parents/ siblings of victims.
T1 472387-472395 Sentence denotes Results:
T2 472396-472514 Sentence denotes This method will creatively educate, sensitize and enforce behavioral change among the homeless youth living with HIV.
T3 472515-472695 Sentence denotes Percentage of homeless youth with HIV in Ibadan Nigeria would also be revealed, it will also reveal various means through which the victims are affected with HIV in Ibadan Nigeria.
T4 472696-472707 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T5 472708-472811 Sentence denotes Educational, social and medical programs are needed to reduce the risk of infection in this population.
T6 472812-472978 Sentence denotes There is need for more training to empower this group to take a leading role in the community to prevent the spread of HIV and make them Volunteers against HIV (VAH).
T7 472979-473057 Sentence denotes This will reduce numbers of homeless youths living with HIV in Ibadan Nigeria.
T8 473058-473177 Sentence denotes Previous work has shown that most, but not all, HIV-positive adults disclose their HIV status to their sexual partners.
T9 473178-473291 Sentence denotes Factors associated with non-disclosure include stigma, fear of rejection, fear of violence, and privacy concerns.
T10 473292-473493 Sentence denotes In work with populations at risk for HIV, psychopathy (a personality characteristic associated with antisocial behavior and egocentrism) has been associated with substance use and sexual risk behavior.
T11 473494-473597 Sentence denotes Little work has explored associations between psychopathy, disclosure, and risk in HIV-positive adults.
T12 473598-473724 Sentence denotes In the present study, HIV-positive men and women (N=310) were recruited from the waiting room of an infectious disease clinic.
T13 473725-473881 Sentence denotes Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing demographic information, disclosure of HIV status, psychopathy, and sexual risk behavior.
T14 473882-473985 Sentence denotes The majority (74%) of participants disclosed their HIV status to all sex partners in the past 3 months.
T15 473986-474178 Sentence denotes Individuals who did not disclose their HIV status to all partners scored significantly higher in psychopathy (M=24.00, SD=5.22) than those who had disclosed (M=21.02, SD=5.91; F=7.98, p<.001).
T16 474179-474448 Sentence denotes Higher psychopathy scores were associated with higher rates of having sex after drinking (rho=0.20), having sex after using drugs (rho=0.24), the number of sexual partners (rho=0.13) and unprotected vaginal and anal sex acts in the past 3 months (rho=0.13; all ps<.05).
T17 474449-474574 Sentence denotes Higher psychopathy scores were also associated with lower intentions to use condoms with future partners (rho=−0.22, p<.001).
T18 474575-474674 Sentence denotes Findings suggest that psychopathy is associated with risk behavior among HIVpositive men and women.
T19 474675-474751 Sentence denotes Disclosure of HIV status has the potential to help reduce the spread of HIV.
T20 474752-474877 Sentence denotes Interventions focused on increasing disclosure need to take into account associations between psychopathy and non-disclosure.
T21 474878-474967 Sentence denotes No studies were found that assessed the emotional impact beyond 18 months post-infection.
T22 474968-475146 Sentence denotes Studies used various methods of appraisal: self-report, standardized measures or questionnaires of original design, and a small number of studies employed hospital chart reviews.
T23 475147-475323 Sentence denotes For the purpose of this study, the research results were divided into two recovery stages: early stages (<3 months post infection), and later stages (>3 months post-infection).
T24 475324-475332 Sentence denotes Results:
T25 475333-475643 Sentence denotes Early study variables that emerged included "worry about infecting others," "elevated emotional distress," "changes in mood," "symptoms of acute stress disorder," "feelings of stigmatization," and "psychiatric complications," such as the presence of psychotic symptoms (possibly secondary to steroid toxicity).
T26 475644-475868 Sentence denotes Later stage variables included "emotional distress", "depressed mood", and "posttraumatic stress symptoms." Evidence of psychological problems developing in the later stages was also found in a small proportion of survivors.
T27 475869-475880 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T28 475881-476222 Sentence denotes The limited number of published studies available for review consistently reported high rates of emotional distress in patients in both the early stages and later stages of recovery up to 18 months post-infection, with worry about infecting others, feelings of stigmatization, and psychotic symptoms emerging earlier in the recovery process.
T29 476223-476360 Sentence denotes The levels of psychological distress found in these studies are similar to those reported in other comparable chronic physical illnesses.
T30 476361-476495 Sentence denotes SARS remains a new disease, and the course of its development, both physically and emotionally, is still unfolding as time progresses.
T31 476496-476624 Sentence denotes Longer term follow-up to determine the course of SARS patients' psychological status will help to guide treatment interventions.
T32 476625-476726 Sentence denotes This, in turn, will help to inform the needs for future emergent, possibly similar, viral infections.
T33 476727-476738 Sentence denotes Background:
T34 476739-476855 Sentence denotes Vitality is related to health and is characterised by a perceived energy level, feelings of fatigue and feeling fit.
T35 476856-476929 Sentence denotes These subjective factors can be positively affected by physical activity.
T36 476930-477071 Sentence denotes Since vigorous physical activity is strongly related to aerobic fitness (VO2max), it is hypothesised that VO2max is related also to vitality.
T37 477072-477195 Sentence denotes Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between vitality and estimated VO2max in older workers.
T38 477196-477204 Sentence denotes Methods:
T39 477205-477404 Sentence denotes Participants (n=427) How should one measure the effect of interventions to reduce sick leave, which survey methodology and study designs should one use and what statistical methods should be applied?
T40 477405-477596 Sentence denotes Various designs provide different information and quality of information, and this should be put in a perspective in the analyses and in the interpretation of the results from available data.
T41 477597-477699 Sentence denotes Depending on how an outcome (e.g. return to work) is measured various statistical methods are natural.
T42 477700-477829 Sentence denotes This presentation discusses the use of extended event history analyses in multi-state models for the analyses of sick leave data.
T43 477830-478005 Sentence denotes Using multi-state models, one can exploit more of the data available in the evaluation of interventions to reduce sickness absence or the effect after rehabilitation programs.
T44 478006-478080 Sentence denotes We show the advantage of multi state models uses two datasets as examples.
T45 478081-478318 Sentence denotes The first data is from a randomised controlled trial (RCT) on 256 individuals with low back pain, while the second data is an uncontrolled study on 577 individuals with different diagnosis after an 8 week stay at a rehabilitation clinic.
T46 478319-478528 Sentence denotes For the RCT we show that the intervention increases the number of days in work with 46 day during a period of three years, while for the uncontrolled study we find that 60 % of the participants return to work.
T47 478529-478644 Sentence denotes Severity of each complaint included in the inventory is rated on a 4point scale (0=none, 1=some, 2=much, 3=severe).
T48 478645-478729 Sentence denotes Each complaint is also scored for duration (number of days) during the last 30 days.
T49 478730-478881 Sentence denotes The product of severity and duration can be used to obtain a total score (0 -90) indicating the degree of health problems (absence of positive health).
T50 478882-479032 Sentence denotes The SHC inventory include 5 Subscales (flu, pain, allergy, anxiety and gastrointestinal) and a total health complain score is possible to get as well.
T51 479033-479162 Sentence denotes The SHC is available in several languages, and psychometric properties were previously described for different language versions.
T52 479163-479267 Sentence denotes The present work describe the adaptation process for the Spanish language and preliminary psychometrics.
T53 479268-479275 Sentence denotes Method:
T54 479276-479455 Sentence denotes The English version of the SHC inventory was translated to Spanish by two experts, the Spanish version were reviewed by a third colleague to check the accuracy of the translation.
T55 479456-479528 Sentence denotes This version was backtranslated to English by an independent translator.
T56 479529-479620 Sentence denotes Backtranslated version was contrasted with the English original by the two initial experts.
T57 479621-479742 Sentence denotes The Spanish version was then piloted with a small group of health adults to check comprehension of the items and wording.
T58 479743-479786 Sentence denotes No suggestions were made by pilot subjects.
T59 479787-479862 Sentence denotes Then final version of the SHC inventory in Spanish was considered achieved.
T60 479863-479920 Sentence denotes These steps were followed by a psychometric study (n=83).
T61 479921-480069 Sentence denotes Evidences of reliability (internal consistency), validity (construct validity, CFA) and sensitivity to change (after an intervention) were assessed.
T62 480070-480094 Sentence denotes Results and conclusions:
T63 480095-480145 Sentence denotes Results will be described in detail in the poster.
T64 480146-480346 Sentence denotes Good internal consistency was achieved for the inventory (>.70), structure of the questionnaire was confirmed, and inventory show change in scores after participation in a stress related intervention.
T65 480347-480523 Sentence denotes The SHC inventory shows be a useful, reliable, valid and sensible measure to assess subjective health complains in Spanish adults, and is available to use in research in Spain.
T66 480524-480532 Sentence denotes Purpose:
T67 480533-480634 Sentence denotes A writing psychotherapy, "Role Lettering Therapy(RLT)" was developed in Japanese reformatory in 1983.
T68 480635-480737 Sentence denotes The procedure is almost same as empty chair technique, but written language is used instead of spoken.
T69 480738-480797 Sentence denotes Haruguchi (1987) indicated several original effects of RLT.
T70 480798-480950 Sentence denotes That is, 1) clarification of emotions, 2) self counseling, 3) catharsis, 4) confrontation and acceptance, 5) acquisition of both sides' viewpoints, etc.
T71 480951-481100 Sentence denotes In empirical RLT studies, increase of self-esteem, "adult" and "nurturing parent" (in egogram)" was pointed out (Hosoi et al., 2002; Okamoto, 2006) .
T72 481101-481223 Sentence denotes And in case studies, expressed emotions, insight, self-awareness were suggested as significant indicators of this therapy.
T73 481224-481323 Sentence denotes But it is necessary so that qualitative studies with objective summary tool clarify long sentences.
T74 481324-481416 Sentence denotes In this study, description codes for RLT are structured, and the applications are discussed.
T75 481417-481424 Sentence denotes METHOD:
T76 481425-481530 Sentence denotes Sentences extracted from 12 articles and 2 technical books about RLT were categorized by using KJ method.
T77 481531-481656 Sentence denotes The codes were examined two steps of validity (correspondence, usability, frequency, clinical importance) by 3-5 researchers.
T78 481657-481764 Sentence denotes And the reliability was confirmed by concordance rate of the coding by 7 researchers and graduate students.
T79 481765-481772 Sentence denotes RESULT:
T80 481773-481888 Sentence denotes As a result of classification, 15 codes for "letters to another" and 14 codes for "letter to self" were structured.
T81 481889-482031 Sentence denotes The former consists of "anger/dissatisfaction", "dependence", "need/hope", "reflection/awareness", "care/thoughtfulness", "gratefulness", etc.
T82 482032-482163 Sentence denotes The latter consists of "complaint/blame", "enmeshment", "advice/ opinion", "expectation/wish", "care", "comprehension/regard", etc.
T83 482164-482296 Sentence denotes A rate of agreement in 2 people's cording (in arbitrary 3 in 7) is 82.2%, therefore, these cords need the use in more than 3 people.
T84 482297-482308 Sentence denotes DISCUSSION:
T85 482309-482484 Sentence denotes The codes are in practical use stage, and have following utilizations. a) Discovering patterns in letters, b) convert a description into variables, c) comparison of technique.
T86 482485-482562 Sentence denotes Furthermore, it can be applied to RLT as a supporting tool for understanding.
T87 482563-482744 Sentence denotes For example, ascertaining a fluctuation in the number of the cords leads to understanding of client's power of expression. ) and has used in many mental health surveys in the world.
T88 482745-482846 Sentence denotes We only describe depression validity due to other data analysis of this study is still in processing.
T89 482847-482990 Sentence denotes This study is a diagnostic study, conducted in 2009 at 5 psychiatric centers in 5 cities (Jakarta, Bandung, Yogjakarta, Surabaya and Makassar).
T90 482991-483091 Sentence denotes The participants were minimum 18 years, were excluded if had severe dementia and mental retardation.
T91 483092-483180 Sentence denotes All participants were administered by the MINI and followed by SCID as a reference test.
T92 483181-483330 Sentence denotes The SCID interviewers were general doctor and who were following the postgraduate of psychiatry, the MINI interviewer were nursing student and nurse.
T93 483331-483434 Sentence denotes Both of interviewers were blind about the respondent's diagnosis except for respondent from population.
T94 483435-483510 Sentence denotes The data processing used computer with SPSS version 15 statistical program.
T95 483511-483640 Sentence denotes There were 82 data analyzed in this study, consisted of 45 patients and 27 non patients from population, 41 males and 41 females.
T96 483641-483707 Sentence denotes The sensitivity of depression is 0.66 and the specificity is 0.89.
T97 483708-483819 Sentence denotes The positive predicted value is 0.33, the negative predictive value is 0.97 and positive likelihood ratio is 6.
T98 483820-483854 Sentence denotes 3, negative likelihood ratio is 0.
T99 483855-483858 Sentence denotes 37.
T100 483859-483962 Sentence denotes The median duration of interview was 30 minutes for a completed MINI and 60 minutes for completed SCID.
T101 483963-484064 Sentence denotes The validity of depression diagnosis in this study is good but it needs comprehensive interpretation.
T102 484065-484177 Sentence denotes It seems that even though the sensitivity is above 0.50 ,the questions are more specific to diagnose depression.
T103 484178-484239 Sentence denotes The positive predictive value is low due to lack of patients.
T104 484240-484306 Sentence denotes The next analysis will be better by completed data from all sites.
T105 484307-484463 Sentence denotes The experiences of the author, a psychologist, regarding clinical depression were analyzed in order to develop new research methods for behavioral medicine.
T106 484464-484599 Sentence denotes The analysis focused on self-investigation, quantitative and qualitative approaches, and an evidence-based approach for the individual.
T107 484600-484764 Sentence denotes In Period I (1994) (1995) (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) , a female client was treated with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) by a clinical psychology professor.
T108 484765-484874 Sentence denotes In Period II (2000) (2001) (2002) (2003) (2004) (2005) , pharmacotherapy was conducted by a psychosomatician.
T109 484875-484983 Sentence denotes In Period III (2005-present), CBT and holistic medical treatment were conducted by another psychosomatician.
T110 484984-485145 Sentence denotes In the second year of Period III (Period III-2), to facilitate self-regulation, Self-Efficacy and Self-Evaluation Scales were developed with the following items:
T111 485146-485148 Sentence denotes 1.
T112 485149-485182 Sentence denotes Absorb fulfilling experiences, 2.
T113 485183-485205 Sentence denotes Keep good memories, 3.
T114 485206-485236 Sentence denotes Achieve the research goals, 4.
T115 485237-485264 Sentence denotes Calmly express feelings, 5.
T116 485265-485315 Sentence denotes Change one's mood to cope with or avoid stress, 6.
T117 485316-485339 Sentence denotes Regulate drowsiness, 7.
T118 485340-485362 Sentence denotes Assert own opinion, 8.
T119 485363-485394 Sentence denotes Ward off unimportant things, 9.
T120 485395-485441 Sentence denotes Keep appropriate distance from others, and 10.
T121 485442-485475 Sentence denotes Keep good personal relationships.
T122 485476-485632 Sentence denotes Items 1-6 were common to Periods III-2-III-5, whereas items 7-9 were used in Periods III-2 and III-3 and integrated into item 10 in Periods III-4 and III-5.
T123 485633-485731 Sentence denotes In each session, the client rated her pre-practice self-efficacy and postpractice self-evaluation.
T124 485732-485833 Sentence denotes Average self-efficacy and selfevaluation scores descended in the order of items 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 4.
T125 485834-485932 Sentence denotes Self-efficacy and self-evaluation scores on items 7-9 increased from Period III-2 to Period III-3.
T126 485933-485996 Sentence denotes Most of the problems occurred in the family and relatives area.
T127 485997-486244 Sentence denotes The top three reasons for positive discrepancy of the scores (evaluation -efficacy) include fewer problems occurred, or there was less sensitivity to the problems, executed things in workplace or personal areas, and maintained good communications.
T128 486245-486348 Sentence denotes Correlations among self-efficacy scores on items 1-3 and 5 were significant in Periods III-4 and III-5.
T129 486349-486436 Sentence denotes These results suggest that the client became able to cope with the problems and stress.
T130 486437-486658 Sentence denotes The significance of this research is discussed in relation to "clients as researchers." A limitation of self-reports for disease symptoms is recall bias including retrospective distortions of the respondents' experiences.
T131 486659-486856 Sentence denotes To overcome this concern, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and the day reconstruction method (DRM) have recently been used, but the validity of these methods has not been objectively examined.
T132 486857-487011 Sentence denotes Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the validity of EMA and DRM by using physical activity level (PAL) as an objective external criterion.
T133 487012-487374 Sentence denotes Twenty-two healthy undergraduates (age 21.9±2.6 yrs) wore a watch-type computer and recorded visual analog scales of fatigue and depressive mood at different EMA design; recorded momentary symptoms every two hours (time-based) and recorded the symptoms during the behavioral episode which was just finished when switching one behavior to another (episode-based).
T134 487375-487509 Sentence denotes They also recorded the symptoms afterward according to the series of behavioral episodes they reconstructed (DRM) about the same days.
T135 487510-487581 Sentence denotes PAL was obtained using an actigraph built into the watch-type computer.
T136 487582-487920 Sentence denotes Multilevel modeling showed that the association between depressive mood recorded with time-based EMA and PAL averaged over 60 minutes around EMA recording was significantly negative (p= 0.002); however, depressive mood recorded with episode-based EMA and DRM had no association with PAL averaged over the period of corresponding episodes.
T137 487921-488006 Sentence denotes As for fatigue, none of the methods showed significant association with averaged Pal.
T138 488007-488171 Sentence denotes These results suggest that time-based EMA might have the validity against the objective PAL when assessing depressive mood in contrast to episode-based EMA and DRM.
T139 488172-488417 Sentence denotes Though averaged PAL alone failed to confirm the validity of all three methods used in this study as assessment of fatigue, incorporating other PAL measures than a simple average might distinguish the validity of them and need to be investigated.
T140 488418-488583 Sentence denotes National College of Nursing, Japan, Kiyose-shi, Japan; 2 School of Nursing, Bunri University of Hospitality, Sayama-shi, Japan and 3 Kubota Clinic, Sumida-ku, Japan.
T141 488584-488592 Sentence denotes Purpose:
T142 488593-488757 Sentence denotes This study examined the factorial validity of the short version of the Self-Efficacy for Social Participation for People with Psychiatric Disabilities scale (SESP).
T143 488758-488921 Sentence denotes To develop a short version to measure self-efficacy for social participation was possible to use the instrument easily for people with severe mental illness (SMI).
T144 488922-488930 Sentence denotes Methods:
T145 488931-489136 Sentence denotes A total of 140 community-dwelling individuals with SMI completed an anonymous self-report questionnaire consisting of questions for background information and the original 27-item SESP on a 4-Likart scale.
T146 489137-489247 Sentence denotes The first data analysis was an exploratory factor analysis (principal component method with varimax rotation).
T147 489248-489353 Sentence denotes Then we mainly chose ten items which were big factor loading in the factor structure of the 27-item SESP.
T148 489354-489405 Sentence denotes We assumed them the short version of SESP (SESP10).
T149 489406-489496 Sentence denotes And we performed confirmatory factor analysis to inspect the factorial validity of SESP10.
T150 489497-489505 Sentence denotes Results:
T151 489506-489605 Sentence denotes From results of confirmatory factor analysis, SESP10 was kept structure of 4 interpretable factors:
T152 489606-489686 Sentence denotes Trust for Social Self, Self Management, Social Adaptability, and Mutual Support.
T153 489687-489748 Sentence denotes It became clear that SESP10 had enough constructive validity.
T154 489749-489825 Sentence denotes In addition, Internal consistency of the total SESP10 was excellent (α=.91).
T155 489826-489837 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T156 489838-489890 Sentence denotes It was proved that SESP10 had a sufficient validity.
T157 489891-489978 Sentence denotes It will be to review the predictive and criterion-related validity of SESP10 in future.
T158 489979-490254 Sentence denotes The short version of the Self-Efficacy for Social Participation for People with Psychiatric Disabilities scale has potential as a reliable and valid scale for measurement of self-efficacy of people who are afflicted with severe mental illnesses and who live in the community.
T159 490255-490366 Sentence denotes Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a disease of unknown pathogenesis characterized by chronic musculoskeletal pain.
T160 490367-490543 Sentence denotes FMS also includes other symptoms like poor quality sleep, morning stiffness, fatigue, anxiety, depression and altered endocrinological responses, but findings are inconsistent.
T161 490544-490794 Sentence denotes The aim of the present study was to investigate free salivary cortisol levels, urinary catecholamines (noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine), heart rate, self-reported pain, and psychological features in FMS patients compared with healthy controls.
T162 490795-490885 Sentence denotes Twenty-nine female FMS patients and 29 age-matched healthy female controls were recruited.
T163 490886-491014 Sentence denotes Questionnaires measuring pain levels, sleeping problems, perceived stress and personality were administered to the participants.
T164 491015-491274 Sentence denotes Salivary cortisol samples were collected 8 times: in the afternoon when subjects arrived at the hospital, after stress provocation, in the evening, before they went to sleep, upon awakening, 30 and 60 minutes later, and during the afternoon of the second day.
T165 491275-491362 Sentence denotes Urinary catecholamines were repeatedly measured from the corresponding 24-hours period.
T166 491363-491507 Sentence denotes Results revealed significantly more pain, perceived stress, sleeping problems, anxiety and depression among FMS patients compared with controls.
T167 491508-491643 Sentence denotes Patients with FMS had significantly lower cortisol levels during the day, most pronounced in the morning (Cortisol Awakening Response).
T168 491644-491785 Sentence denotes Moreover, FMS patients had significant lower adrenaline and dopamine levels compared with healthy controls, but similar noradrenaline levels.
T169 491786-491871 Sentence denotes Furthermore, FMS patients showed increased heart rate values and lower sleep quality.
T170 491872-492029 Sentence denotes Results support the hypothesis of a dysfunction in the regulation of the stress systems in FMS patients, and increased pain perception and sleeping problems.
T171 492030-492156 Sentence denotes Emerging evidence suggests that immersive Virtual Reality (VR) distraction is an efficacious intervention for procedural pain.
T172 492157-492260 Sentence denotes VR distraction offers an alternative to pharmacological treatments that may cause adverse side effects.
T173 492261-492420 Sentence denotes Although VR distraction has been demonstrated to be effective in laboratory and clinical settings, the method by which it works to combat pain remains unclear.
T174 492421-492508 Sentence denotes McCaul and Malott (1984) hypothesize that pain processing requires conscious attention.
T175 492509-492597 Sentence denotes A highly immersive distractor should leave less attention available for pain processing.
T176 492598-492718 Sentence denotes This study examined whether a VR head-mounted display helmet increases the analgesic effects of interactive distraction.
T177 492719-492929 Sentence denotes A head-mounted display occludes extraneous sights and sounds, helping a person feel 'present' in the virtual world, leaving less attention available for pain sensations originating outside of the virtual world.
T178 492930-493157 Sentence denotes Seventy-three college students between the ages of 18 and 25 were exposed to cold pressor pain without any distraction intervention (baseline) and then two cold pressor trials during which they played a Nintendo® Wii videogame.
T179 493158-493233 Sentence denotes They viewed the game on a 21" TV or through a VR head-mounted display unit.
T180 493234-493389 Sentence denotes The study used a within-subjects repeated-measures design, with the two videogame distraction trials presented in counterbalanced order following baseline.
T181 493390-493487 Sentence denotes LOG-10 transformation was conduced on all pain tolerance scores to correct for skew and kurtosis.
T182 493488-493755 Sentence denotes Results showed that pain tolerance during the baseline trial (M=1.46, SD=.254) was significantly lower than pain tolerance during the helmet-on condition (M=1.72, SD=.329), t(72) = -11.24, p<.001, and the helmet-off condition (M=1.68, SD=.32), t(72) = -10.69, p<.001.
T183 493756-493865 Sentence denotes Participants showed the greatest increases in pain tolerance in the helmet-on condition, t(72) = 2.82, p<.01.
T184 493866-493970 Sentence denotes Further research is needed to determine whether these results could be replicated in a clinical setting.
T185 493971-494093 Sentence denotes Persistent pain, sufficient to cause significant impairment in daily functioning affects up to 50 percent of older adults.
T186 494094-494277 Sentence denotes Analgesics are the most common therapy used to manage pain, with opioids playing an increasingly important role in pharmacological treatment of chronic disabling pain in older adults.
T187 494278-494414 Sentence denotes The efficacy of medication therapy needs to be balanced against potential side effects, including the risk of neurocognitive impairment.
T188 494415-494569 Sentence denotes In this study we objectively examined neurocognitive effects of methadone in older adults (>65 years) suffering from daily chronic pain (osteo-arthritis).
T189 494570-494758 Sentence denotes Older participants (mean age 76 years) were evaluated twice at baseline (prior to the start of medication) and again 24hours after initial dose and again after 5 and 21 days of medication.
T190 494759-494868 Sentence denotes Subjective ratings of pain along with objective testing of memory, attention and concentration were measured.
T191 494869-494947 Sentence denotes Physiologic measurement of medication effects (pupil size) were also obtained.
T192 494948-495047 Sentence denotes Results indicate a slight decline in weekly pain ratings (NS) and a modest drop in pupil size (NS).
T193 495048-495215 Sentence denotes Neurocognitive tests indicated no significant change from baseline on measures of memory (HVLT), concentration (D2), reaction time or global cognitive measures (MMSE).
T194 495216-495340 Sentence denotes There was an improvement on a measure of working memory (p<.05) and a trend toward improvement on an attention task (p<.06).
T195 495341-495387 Sentence denotes Global measures of functioning did not change.
T196 495388-495571 Sentence denotes Taken together, results suggest that older adults suffering from chronic non-malignant pain do not experience significant decrements in cognitive functioning in response to methadone.
T197 495572-495686 Sentence denotes This may be consistent with findings of improved cognition with improved pain control observed in younger samples.
T198 495687-495708 Sentence denotes Aim of investigation:
T199 495709-495918 Sentence denotes There is limited knowledge about vulnerability factors for pain in fibromyalgia (FM), but low education, hereditary influences and mood are known, while contextual triggers and personality factors are dubious.
T200 495919-495977 Sentence denotes Our aim was to study how FM pain differed in two contexts.
T201 495978-495986 Sentence denotes Methods:
T202 495987-496249 Sentence denotes Fiftyfive female FM patients scored pain (VAS 0-100), demographic data (age, education, and single status), mood (depression/BDI and anxiety/STAI-T), Cluster C personality traits (avoidance, OCD, dependence by MCMI-I), sleep (VAS), TCA-use dummy and FM-duration.
T203 496250-496383 Sentence denotes Main outcome was Pain-difference (VAS) between "pain measured in a doctor's office" and "pain measured alone at home" one hour later.
T204 496384-496476 Sentence denotes Secondary outcomes were vulnerability and resilience factors for pain in those two contexts.
T205 496477-496622 Sentence denotes Results: "Pain office" (VAS=50.6) versus "Pain home" (VAS=43.4) showed a significant difference=7.2 by a paired t-test [t = 2.4; df=54; p=0.022].
T206 496623-496835 Sentence denotes Generalized Linear Methods (GLM) formula end-model: "Pain office" ∼ Anxiety + Education showed that Anxiety (t=3.15, p<0.01) facilitated the "pain office" experience, while Education (t=−2.43, p<0.05) impeded it.
T207 496836-496930 Sentence denotes Avoidance (t=2.66, p=0.01) and "poor sleep" (t=2.55, p<0.05) worsened the "home-context pain".
T208 496931-496943 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T209 496944-497004 Sentence denotes Pain was perceived weaker at home than in the doctor-office.
T210 497005-497123 Sentence denotes Avoidance and poor sleep were vulnerability factors for pain at home, while trait-anxiety worsened pain in the office.
T211 497124-497271 Sentence denotes Education was a resilience factor against pain in the doctor-office, while no resilience factors were found at home except the home context itself.
T212 497272-497401 Sentence denotes Symptoms of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are often aggravated by stress, which alters colonic motility and visceral perception.
T213 497402-497620 Sentence denotes We reported the possibility of improving IBS pathophysiology by passive abdominal muscle stretching as indicated by chromogranin A (CgA), a biochemical index of the activity of the sympathetic / adrenomedullary system.
T214 497621-497807 Sentence denotes Although the degree to which patient intervention in the areas of exercise, and management of daily activity can improve symptoms of IBS through healthier lifestyle behaviors is unknown.
T215 497808-497814 Sentence denotes Int.J.
T216 497815-497821 Sentence denotes Behav.
T217 497822-497859 Sentence denotes Med. (2010) 17 (Suppl 1):S1-S329 S157
T218 497860-498047 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to determine the effects of intervention to non-patient with IBS on the short and long term outcomes, and the association between physical exercise and symptoms.
T219 498048-498273 Sentence denotes The present case controlled study was conducted on 30 adult subjects with mild or moderate symptom of IBS who were allocated randomly to either the exercise (intervention) group (n=15) or the wait-listed control group (n=15).
T220 498274-498412 Sentence denotes Four-week intervention consisted of components: self record, stretch of abdominal muscle, physical exercise of pelvis, and 15 min working.
T221 498413-498607 Sentence denotes Measurements (symptom-limited daily life performance, psychological status, CgA, heart rate variability and regional cerebral oxy-hemoglobin change) were performed before and after intervention.
T222 498608-498724 Sentence denotes Spearman rank correlations were used to assess the association between psycho-physiological data and symptom scores.
T223 498725-498805 Sentence denotes Wilcoxon rank sum tests compared changes in scores versus their baseline values.
T224 498806-498936 Sentence denotes After the intervention, tendency of improvements were found in symptom-limited performance of daily life and psychological status.
T225 498937-499075 Sentence denotes The four-week intervention had immediate beneficial effects on physiological variables and some neurological factors in patients with IBS.
T226 499076-499197 Sentence denotes The findings of this study could be used as a reference for intervention, education, and physical health policies in IBS.
T227 499198-499338 Sentence denotes Fibromyalgia is one of the chronic pain syndrome most prevalent worldwide, but there are serious doubts about its origin and its causes yet.
T228 499339-499433 Sentence denotes Its complexity difficults the diagnosis and, especially, the sick role experience of patients.
T229 499434-499596 Sentence denotes In this context, showing a maladaptive illness behavior will produce a negative interference in daily lives of these people, increasing their subjective distress.
T230 499597-499796 Sentence denotes To improve our knowledge about this topic, our pilot study compares the responses between a group of fibromyalgia patients (N=16) and a control group (N=13), all of them women, with a mean age of 44.
T231 499797-500079 Sentence denotes All participants belonged to a local association (Association of Fibromyalgia of Onda The WHO International Classification of Functioning and Disability (ICF) has been widely accepted as a conceptual model of disablement, but further specification of behavioral factors is required.
T232 500080-500212 Sentence denotes We proposed conceptualizing disability, or activity limitations, as behavior and integrating biomedical and behavioral determinants.
T233 500213-500410 Sentence denotes We previously tested a model including constructs from ICF and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) using structural equation modelling; it fitted better and explained more variance than ICF or SCT alone.
T234 500411-500584 Sentence denotes The current study replicated that study with a new sample from the same population (orthopedic patients awaiting joint replacement), and extended the tests to after surgery.
T235 500585-500807 Sentence denotes Two weeks before surgery, 342 orthopedic patients with chronic pain (most having arthritis) completed a questionnaire assessing impairment and activity limitations plus SCT variables (Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy).
T236 500808-500930 Sentence denotes One year after surgery, when both impairment and activity limitations were reduced, 228 completed the questionnaire again.
T237 500931-501124 Sentence denotes We imposed the statistical models found in our previous study (before and after surgery) using structural equation modelling, with NNFI, CFI, RMSEA fit indices) to predict activity limitations.
T238 501125-501341 Sentence denotes Before surgery, findings were very similar to our previous findings, with all models accounting for significant variance and fitting well, but the integrated model fitted better and accounted for more variance. (ICF:
T239 501342-501351 Sentence denotes 35%; SCT:
T240 501352-501374 Sentence denotes 60%; Integrated model:
T241 501375-501380 Sentence denotes 64%).
T242 501381-501493 Sentence denotes Each model showed stronger predictions after surgery, with the combined model accounting for most variance (ICF:
T243 501494-501503 Sentence denotes 52%; SCT:
T244 501504-501526 Sentence denotes 79%; Integrated model:
T245 501527-501532 Sentence denotes 82%).
T246 501533-501610 Sentence denotes On each occasion, all three predictor variables had significant coefficients.
T247 501611-501807 Sentence denotes The integrated model provides a good explanation of disability in this population, superior to a biomedical or behavioral model alone, and identifies targets for intervention to reduce disability.
T248 501808-501829 Sentence denotes CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
T249 501830-501930 Sentence denotes Marie Johnston, PhD, Health Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB; m.johnston@ abdn.ac.uk
T250 501931-502131 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to conduct an in-depth exploration of potential mediators of change in children's physical activity and the feasibility of strategies targeting these potential mediators.
T251 502132-502303 Sentence denotes A qualitative study of 143 children aged 10-12 years including eight focus groups from eight schools and teachers, and one-onone interviews with 12 parents were conducted.
T252 502304-502510 Sentence denotes Common mediators of physical activity were identified from the literature and behavioural theories and a semi-structured interview explored the potential mediators of change in children's physical activity.
T253 502511-502564 Sentence denotes Thematic analysis identified key and emergent themes.
T254 502565-502702 Sentence denotes Several new potential mediators as well as previously identified mediators were identified (eg. fear of the unknown and competitiveness).
T255 502703-503013 Sentence denotes Most of the potential strategies were seen to be feasible; however, differing views existed among children, parents and teachers.These findings will inform the development of effective strategies for promoting children's physical activity by identifying the most appropriate potential mediators to be targeted.
T256 503014-503197 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to investigate whether degrees of self efficacy (SE) are associated with physical activities or psychological factors after self-monitoring intervention.
T257 503198-503271 Sentence denotes The subjects found in this study consisted of 49 female college students.
T258 503272-503389 Sentence denotes We put the subjects in three groups, according to ones degree of SE: high SE group, middle SE group and low SE group.
T259 503390-503507 Sentence denotes We conducted an intervention study using group cognitive-behavioral intervention including the selfmonitoring method.
T260 503508-503693 Sentence denotes We performed a psychological assessment in order to exam SE, self esteem and stress responses, while also applying experimental protocol in the pre, intervention and post period stages.
T261 503694-503768 Sentence denotes ANOVA of exercise volume disclosed significant group × period interaction.
T262 503769-503861 Sentence denotes The significant period effect was disclosed in exercise volume and total energy expenditure.
T263 503862-503959 Sentence denotes In the post period, low SE group showed a significantly lower exercise volume than high SE group.
T264 503960-504112 Sentence denotes Low SE group had a significantly lower exercise volume, total energy expenditure and step counts in the post period compared in the intervention period.
T265 504113-504195 Sentence denotes It should be noted that this pilot study was conducted without a follow up period.
T266 504196-504317 Sentence denotes In the future, we need to examine whether self-monitoring intervention effects physical activities in a follow up period.
T267 504318-504534 Sentence denotes In conclusion, after we applied group cognitive-behavioral intervention including the self-monitoring method, we discovered that high SE promoted the habituation of exercise while also inhibiting the risk of rebound.
T268 504535-504683 Sentence denotes Apathy was decreased in only the subjects categorized with low SE using group cognitivebehavioral intervention including the self-monitoring method.
T269 504684-504846 Sentence denotes Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) consist of a group of chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by symptoms of back pain, stiffness, fatigue, and sleep disturbance.
T270 504847-505054 Sentence denotes While regular exercise has been shown to be beneficial and is recommended as part of patient selfcare, little is known regarding intention to initiate, alter, or maintain exercise in this patient population.
T271 505055-505222 Sentence denotes This study examined the distribution of exercise stages of change and the biopsychosocial factors which differentiate readiness to exercise among individuals with SpA.
T272 505223-505609 Sentence denotes Demographic and clinical data (comorbid disease, disease duration), along with self-report standardized questionnaires assessing functional disability, disease activity, depressed mood, perceived stress, leisure time physical activity, exercise self-efficacy, exercise pros and cons and exercise stage of change were collected crosssectionally from a sample of 125 individuals with SpA.
T273 505610-505673 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, ANOVA and chi-square.
T274 505674-505875 Sentence denotes Fifty-two percent (52%) of the participants were in the action/maintenance stages for exercise adoption and 49% in the preaction stages (precontemplation=20.8%; contemplation=13.6%, preparation 13.6%).
T275 505876-506098 Sentence denotes Patients in the preaction stages had more disease activity (p<.005), more functional disability (p<.001), higher perceived stress (pp=.008) and reported lower self-efficacy (p=.003) and less barriers for exercise (p=.008).
T276 506099-506209 Sentence denotes Gender, age, socioeconomic status (i.e. education, income) and exercise pros did not differ across the stages.
T277 506210-506534 Sentence denotes These findings suggest that strategies designed to improve exercise self-efficacy, reduce exercise barriers and emphasize the functional and emotional (i.e. stress reducing) health benefits associated with physical activity may be useful for patients with SpA who are less motivationally ready to engage in regular exercise.
T278 506535-506626 Sentence denotes Regular leisure-time physical activity behavior is achieved by fewer than 50% of Americans.
T279 506627-507106 Sentence denotes If it were possible to decrease the cognitive load associated with deciding to exercise, it might be easier to adhere to a regular exercise routine, as it becomes an automatic activity that does not require decision making; this type of behavior would be termed by theorists to be a "habit." However, empirical evidence is lacking as to whether those individuals who have successfully instituted a regular exercise routine have such aspects of "habit" in their behavior patterns.
T280 507107-507209 Sentence denotes The present study reports the level of habit formation among regular exercisers using a survey format.
T281 507210-507326 Sentence denotes The Self-Report Habit Inventory (SRHI) (Verplanken & Orbell, 2003) measures the subjective sense of habit formation.
T282 507327-507631 Sentence denotes The present exploratory study surveyed a sample of individuals (n= 176) who attended a fitness club in a metropolitan area using the SRHI (with a 7-point Likert scale), as well as objective questions about regularity of behavior (frequency and constancy of time, place, and weekly and seasonal patterns).
T283 507632-507693 Sentence denotes Results indicated a median SRHI-average score of 5.17 (range:
T284 507694-507705 Sentence denotes 1.25-7.00).
T285 507706-507870 Sentence denotes Even though this sample was presumed to represent regular exercisers, it was notable that there was a substantial subsample whose scores on the SRHI were quite low.
T286 507871-508009 Sentence denotes Therefore, a median split was calculated, and participants with low versus high scores were compared on the other (non-SRHI) survey items.
T287 508010-508184 Sentence denotes Low-SRHI participants exercised significantly fewer days per week (p<0.001) and their exercise patterns were more likely to change seasonally than high-SRHI scorers (p<0.05).
T288 508185-508351 Sentence denotes However, the groups did not differ in regularly of time (p=0.52), location (p=0.14), specific exercise behavior (p= 0.41), or weekly consistency of exercise (p=0.36).
T289 508352-508568 Sentence denotes Correlational and Fisher's exact test analyses suggested that individuals who demonstrated constancy on one objective measure of habit were likely to score high on other objective measures of habit as well (ps<0.05).
T290 508569-508818 Sentence denotes Findings suggest that subjective self-concept of "habit" may not strongly correspond to all objective measures of consistency of behavior, and that only some individuals performing regular exercise behavior do so through a habit formation processes.
T291 508819-508830 Sentence denotes Background:
T292 508831-508989 Sentence denotes Fuzzy Trace Theory (FTT) is a cognitivedevelopmental theory on representation and memory recently applied to decision making in health domains (Renya, 2007) .
T293 508990-509215 Sentence denotes It posits two processes/representations: 'Gist', which is bottom-line meaning of information, vague and qualitative, as opposed to 'Verbatim' representation which is the exact surface form (literal), precise and quantitative.
T294 509216-509324 Sentence denotes The paper applied this theory to examine differences in decision processes of novices and experts in biking.
T295 509325-509585 Sentence denotes It was hypothesized that experts, who rely on gist processing and less on knowledge, will use fewer information dimensions, reach unequivocal decisions with starker separations among categories, yet make high-quality decisions (as compared to a gold standard).
T296 509586-509594 Sentence denotes Methods:
T297 509595-509864 Sentence denotes 90 participants, who were novices (up to a year), experienced (one-two years of experience) and expert bikers (two to five years) filled out a self-administered questionnaire comprised of knowledge, intuition, and nine scenarios depicting challenging biking situations.
T298 509865-509925 Sentence denotes Two recognized experts' responses served as a gold standard.
T299 509926-509935 Sentence denotes Findings:
T300 509936-510083 Sentence denotes Significant differences were found between the groups, so that experts were higher in the knowledge and intuition from the experienced and novices.
T301 510084-510294 Sentence denotes Experts also relied in their decisions on fewer dimensions of information, provided starker and unequivocal judgments, and made more similar decisions to the golden standards than experienced and novice bikers.
T302 510295-510375 Sentence denotes Finally, their judgments were based more on intuition (=gist) than on knowledge.
T303 510376-510387 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T304 510388-510498 Sentence denotes Experts in sports think differently than novices, and are higher in their use of both knowledge and intuition.
T305 510499-510651 Sentence denotes This study evaluated the effects of social facilitation and competiveness on exercise behavior among older adults participating in the Cybercycle Study.
T306 510652-510757 Sentence denotes Social facilitation is defined as an increase in response due to the presence of others (Allport, 1924) .
T307 510758-510995 Sentence denotes Several theories, such as the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and the Cognitive Evaluation Theory (CET), have been developed to explain exercise behavior and the influences of intrinsic motivation on performance (Fredrick & Ryan, 1995) .
T308 510996-511137 Sentence denotes Some studies have suggested that competitive environments fostered by social facilitation enhance performance on motor tasks (Zajonc, 1965) .
T309 511138-511255 Sentence denotes It was hypothesized that a personality factor, such as competitiveness could influence the effect of social presence.
T310 511256-511553 Sentence denotes Thirteen older adults (age=78.6) participating in the Cybercycle Study (a randomized clinical trial investigating the neuropsychological, physiological, and behavioral effects of a videogame-enhanced stationary bike) were assigned to ride an exergaming bike while competing against virtual riders.
T311 511554-511723 Sentence denotes Participant performances during one month (frequency and intensity of rides) were compared with the previous month's performances when no other avatars had been present.
T312 511724-511906 Sentence denotes Results show that with the introduction of on-screen riders, as competitiveness increased, ride frequency decreased (r= −.67; p=.01), while riding intensity increased (r=.55; p=.05).
T313 511907-512085 Sentence denotes Social facilitation appears to interact with an exerciser's level of competitiveness such that it could enhance or detract from exercise goals, depending on the desired outcomes.
T314 512086-512228 Sentence denotes This finding has interesting implications for prescribing various types of exercise according to personality style and desired exercise goals.
T315 512229-512242 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T316 512243-512408 Sentence denotes Data available in the literature show that children in daycare centres spend most of their time in sedentary activities that could have an incidence on their health.
T317 512409-512728 Sentence denotes To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use a combination of theoretical frameworks (theory of planned behaviour, theory of interpersonal behaviour, process model on ease of retrieval) to identify psychosocial factors underlying the intention of daycare workers to make children aged 3 to 5 years move.
T318 512729-512864 Sentence denotes It is important to study intention, because findings of meta-analyses indicate that this variable is the best determinant of behaviour.
T319 512865-512872 Sentence denotes Method:
T320 512873-512931 Sentence denotes This study is based on a descriptive correlational design.
T321 512932-513001 Sentence denotes Daycare centres in the City of Quebec (Canada) were chosen at random.
T322 513002-513401 Sentence denotes Daycare workers were then invited to complete a questionnaire measuring their intention to make children move for at least two hours a day in the next 30 days, as well as the following variables: attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, self-efficacy, descriptive norm, past behaviour, habit, perceived moral obligation and perceived regularity at which they make the children move.
T323 513402-513493 Sentence denotes The Cronbach alpha of each construct was satisfactory, with values ranging from .82 to .97.
T324 513494-513552 Sentence denotes Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data.
T325 513553-513562 Sentence denotes Findings:
T326 513563-513925 Sentence denotes Preliminary findings obtained among 37 daycare workers from 15 daycare centres indicate that perceived behavioural control (b=.35), subjective norm (b=.26), perceived moral obligation (b=.23), attitude (b=.20) and the regularity with which daycare workers perceive they make children (b=.14) move explain 87% of the variance in intention F (5,31) = 51.23, p=.00.
T327 513926-513937 Sentence denotes Conclusion.
T328 513938-514117 Sentence denotes These preliminary findings indicate that a large part of the intention of daycare workers to make children move can be explained by factors in the theoretical frameworks selected.
T329 514118-514253 Sentence denotes These factors could eventually be used to develop an intervention aimed at improving or consolidating the intention of daycare workers.
T330 514254-514322 Sentence denotes However, the findings first need to be confirmed in a larger sample.
T331 514323-514499 Sentence denotes It has been documented that global attitudes are very poor predictors for outcomes of singular behavioral responses toward a given psychological object (Ajzen and Cote, 2008) .
T332 514500-514617 Sentence denotes In addition to the psychological object, we must also know its underlying factors; chiefly action, context, and time.
T333 514618-514907 Sentence denotes When trying to assess an attitude toward a health behavior, it is important to specify as many of the details surrounding the health behavior as possible, otherwise the attitude may be too generalized, or global, to be predictive of actual engagement in the health behavior under question.
T1 514908-515214 Sentence denotes In this two-year multi-site, randomized trial, 75 participants (mean age=78.99; SD=8.49) were enrolled and assessed using the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 2007) to help determine how personality, disposition toward health behaviors, and environment affect a person's choice to engage in cybercycling.
T2 515215-515505 Sentence denotes However, many of the measures used in the Cybercycle Study help to assess only global attitudes towards exercising and health behaviors, and for this reason we decided to develop our own measure specifically tailored to the act of cybercycling, called the Cybercycling Attitudes Test (CAT).
T3 515506-515784 Sentence denotes Our hypothesis is that the CAT would lead participants to take into account the previously mentioned factors of action, context, and time while completing the questionnaire, such that it would be more predictive than the other measures for successful engagement in cybercycling.
T4 515785-515933 Sentence denotes We aim to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the CAT, as well as to offer suggestions for replication in future behavioral health research.
T5 515934-516092 Sentence denotes We hope that our results will add to the literature in suggesting more stringent development criteria for future measures assessing health behavior attitudes.
T6 516093-516106 Sentence denotes INTRODUCTION:
T7 516107-516325 Sentence denotes Exercise has been shown to have a significant impact on cognitive function in older adults and it is thought to offset declines in cognitive performance with advancing age (Colcombe et al., 2004; Larson et al., 2006) .
T8 516326-516499 Sentence denotes Exercise has also been shown to increase nutrient supply to capillaries, to decrease neuronal death and to promote an overall better cognitive health (Kramer et al., 2007) .
T9 516500-516663 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, very little research has been done to clarify the impact of exercise on the brain using neuroimaging techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG).
T10 516664-516672 Sentence denotes METHODS:
T11 516673-516816 Sentence denotes The current study aims to establish normative EEG and neuropsychological data in a sample of adults before and after a single bout of exercise.
T12 516817-516984 Sentence denotes The level of cognitive state will be measured before and after exercise using a neuropsychological battery focusing on executive functions (e.g., Stroop, Trails, etc).
T13 516985-517051 Sentence denotes Participant's neurophysiological state will be measured using EEG.
T14 517052-517127 Sentence denotes Resting amplitude variability in frequencies will be measured and analyzed.
T15 517128-517136 Sentence denotes RESULTS:
T16 517137-517251 Sentence denotes It is hypothesized that a single bout of exercise will enhance cognitive function, especially executive functions.
T17 517252-517398 Sentence denotes It is expected that there will be a significant relationship between the performance on executive functions and the power of Alpha and Beta waves.
T18 517399-517588 Sentence denotes This research will provide clarify regarding the neurophysiological and neuropsychological impact of exercise in normals and will be useful in additional research with impaired populations.
T19 517589-517717 Sentence denotes Of particular concern, is Alzheimer's which is on the rise bringing devastating social and economic impacts (Brookmeyer, 2007) .
T20 517718-517911 Sentence denotes It is hoped that the potential neurophysiological and neuropsychological benefits of interventions such as exercise can be further clarified and utilized in the fight against cognitive decline.
T21 517912-517923 Sentence denotes BACKGROUND:
T22 517924-518078 Sentence denotes Differences in characteristics between respondents and non-respondents to an objective physical activity assessement survey could indicate selection bias.
T23 518079-518224 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to identify the demographic and lifestyle characteristics of respondents to accelerometry in a field-based mail survey.
T24 518225-518233 Sentence denotes METHODS:
T25 518234-518412 Sentence denotes A cross-sectional mail survey was sent to 4,000 residents aged 20-69 years old and 50% male, randomly selected from the registry of residential addresses of four cities in Japan.
T26 518413-518494 Sentence denotes There were 1,508 respondents (Responding subsample) to the initial questionnaire.
T27 518495-518637 Sentence denotes Seven hundred eighty-six participants from the Responding subsample also agreed to wear an accelerometer for 7 days (Accelerometer subsample).
T28 518638-518788 Sentence denotes Age and sex were compared between the Accelerometer subsample and all 3,214 Non-respondents (including those not responding to initial questionnaire).
T29 518789-519058 Sentence denotes In addition, the Accelerometer subsample and the 722 respondents who participated only in the questionnaire survey but not in the accelerometry survey (Questionnaire Only subsample) were compared for demographic and physical activity differences using chi-square tests.
T30 519059-519067 Sentence denotes RESULTS:
T31 519068-519200 Sentence denotes The Accelerometer subsample included significantly more women and middle-to-older age individuals compared with all Non-respondents.
T32 519201-519439 Sentence denotes Comparisons between Accelerometer and Questionnaire Only subsamples revealed that persons who reported walking>=150 minutes/week for any purposes (p<0.01) or walking for leisure (p<0.001) tended to participate in the accelerometry survey.
T33 519440-519452 Sentence denotes CONCLUSIONS:
T34 519453-519574 Sentence denotes The response pattern in this study reveals potential for selection bias in mail-based accelerometry surveillance studies.
T35 519575-519669 Sentence denotes It is important to develop strategies to increase overall response rate and address this bias.
T36 519670-519891 Sentence denotes Understanding which exercise prescriptions are best suited for increasing adherence and exercise levels in previously sedentary adults is critical for efforts to enhance wellbeing through exercise program recommendations.
T37 519892-520349 Sentence denotes Improvements in psychological wellbeing have been found with short (15-minute) exercise bouts, and it is possible that a regimen involving short bouts of exercise in a day is superior to one involving a single, long bout of exercise in a day because: (1) the anxiety-reducing effects of any single exercise bout reportedly last 4 to 6 hours, and (2) adherence may be greater because participants find it easier to fit short bouts into their daily schedules.
T38 520350-520731 Sentence denotes This study investigated changes in levels of exercise participation, mood, anxiety and perceived stress in 82 sedentary adults who were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a prescription of twelve 15-minute sessions of walking exercise per week (15Minx12), a prescription of four 45-minute sessions of walking exercise per week (45Minx4), or a waitlist control condition.
T39 520732-520872 Sentence denotes Measures of exercise participation and psychological wellbeing were assessed at baseline and [daily/weekly] over an eight-week intervention.
T40 520873-521127 Sentence denotes Participants in the 15Minx12 group completed more walking minutes for every week of the intervention, and significantly more so, or bordering on significance, in three of the eight weeks (t's≥2.00, p's≤.05), relative to participants in the 45Minx4 group.
T41 521128-521349 Sentence denotes Although group differences in psychological outcomes fell short of statistical significance, regression analyses demonstrated that, for some weeks, walking minutes was an independent predictor of psychological well-being.
T42 521350-521555 Sentence denotes These findings support that a 15 minute twice daily prescription may yield greater exercise participation in previously sedentary adults, relative to a regime involving less frequent, longer bout sessions.
T43 521556-521656 Sentence denotes This enhanced exercise participation may, in turn, promote psychological well-being. (Ajzen, 1985) .
T44 521657-521804 Sentence denotes Selfefficacy is one type of control belief in the model, and personality factors may also play a role in predicting behavior (Ajzen & Cote, 2008) .
T45 521805-521973 Sentence denotes This study examined self-efficacy, along with competitiveness and frustration intolerance as two personality factors that may influence older adults' exercise behavior.
T46 521974-521982 Sentence denotes METHODS:
T47 521983-522239 Sentence denotes Thirty-nine older adults completed the 3-month experimental exercise phase in Year 2 of the "Cybercycle Study," a randomized clinical trial investigating the neuropsychological, physiological, and behavioral effects of a videogame-enhanced stationary bike.
T48 522240-522311 Sentence denotes Personality and behavioral measures were administered pre-intervention.
T49 522312-522442 Sentence denotes Self-efficacy for sticking to exercise was measured by the Self-Efficacy for Physical Activities Scale (Sallis, 1988 Introduction:
T50 522443-522530 Sentence denotes Sleep disturbance is a common complaint in various respiratory diseases (Lewis, 1999) .
T51 522531-522730 Sentence denotes Although this area has been the topic of some research, certain respiratory disorders, such as sleep apnoea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have received more attention than others.
T52 522731-522934 Sentence denotes In addition, much of the research has been physiological in nature investigating sleep disturbance in terms of objective measures rather than assessing the sleep complaints of the individuals themselves.
T53 522935-522940 Sentence denotes Aims:
T54 522941-523169 Sentence denotes The aims of the present research were to describe in detail than in previous investigations the occurrence and nature of sleep problems and behaviours in patients diagnosed with respiratory diseases compared to healthy controls.
T55 523170-523177 Sentence denotes Design:
T56 523178-523365 Sentence denotes A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of the prevalence and range of sleep disorders was investigated in individuals diagnosed with respiratory diseases, these being asthma ( Background:
T57 523366-523564 Sentence denotes Clinical research on insomnia has observed that many individuals with this sleep disorder exhibit a significant disparity between their subjective reports and objective measures of symptom severity.
T58 523565-523729 Sentence denotes This subjective/objective disparity poses potential challenges for diagnosis and treatment of insomnia and adds complexity to our conceptualization of the disorder.
T59 523730-523960 Sentence denotes Insomnia is most common, severe, and impairing in adults over 60 years of age (Lichstein, 2004) and additional impairments may be present in older adults with insomnia that is comorbid with other psychiatric or medical conditions.
T60 523961-524233 Sentence denotes This population is also at particular risk for making inaccurate subjective impressions of their insomnia symptoms due to a higher endorsement of unrealistic sleep expectations or worry over the effect of compromised sleep on daytime functioning (Morin, 1993 Introduction:
T61 524234-524371 Sentence denotes Shift workers' sleep is restricted to 4-5 h a day for several days in association with consecutive early morning shifts and night shifts.
T62 524372-524452 Sentence denotes After sleep restriction workers try to recover by sleeping at least 8 h a night.
T63 524453-524580 Sentence denotes We examined the consequences of this kind of sleep-wake pattern on the ability to self-monitor one's own cognitive performance.
T64 524581-524589 Sentence denotes Methods:
T65 524590-524662 Sentence denotes A total of 20 healthy men (19-29 yr) participated in a laboratory study.
T66 524663-524839 Sentence denotes 13 of them attended a sleep restriction (SR) condition including a baseline (BL) day (8 h in bed per night), five SR days (4 h in bed), and two recovery (RC) days (8 h in bed).
T67 524840-524878 Sentence denotes Seven controls slept 7-8 h each night.
T68 524879-524936 Sentence denotes Each participant had two 50 min multitask sessions daily.
T69 524937-525008 Sentence denotes After an extensive training phase task difficulty was set individually.
T70 525009-525117 Sentence denotes Before and after each task session the participants estimated their performance (% of all available scores).
T71 525118-525126 Sentence denotes Results:
T72 525127-525243 Sentence denotes Both performance and subjective performance estimates were affected by the group-by-day interaction effect (p<.001).
T73 525244-525359 Sentence denotes In the SR group, these outcomes were at a lower level during the last three SR days than during the BL day (p<.01).
T74 525360-525558 Sentence denotes In addition, the SR affected selectively the pre-task performance estimates and actual performance: the pre-task estimates decreased less than actual performance during the last two SR days (p<.05).
T75 525559-525676 Sentence denotes The recovery days restored both the subjective performance estimates and actual performance to their baseline levels.
T76 525677-525805 Sentence denotes In the control group, neither performance nor the subjective performance estimates showed a decrease over the experimental days.
T77 525806-525818 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T78 525819-525931 Sentence denotes Cumulative sleep restriction makes one to prospectively underestimate the actual degree of cognitive impairment.
T79 525932-526039 Sentence denotes This metacognitive effect of sleep restriction may play a role in an increased accident risk in shift work.
T80 526040-526199 Sentence denotes Recovery sleep after sleep restriction seems to restore the relationship between subjective performance estimates and actual performance to its baseline level.
T81 526200-526289 Sentence denotes Breast cancer screening uptake is lower in ethnic minority women compared to white women.
T82 526290-526411 Sentence denotes In particular South Asian women are less respondent to invitations for screening but also have higher breast cancer risk.
T83 526412-526533 Sentence denotes This study looked at beliefs about breast cancer awareness in South Asian Muslim women pre-mammography age (29-49 years).
T84 526534-526731 Sentence denotes The focus was to see how South Asian women conceptualised their beliefs in relation to healthy breast awareness and to determine the role of religion and body image in intention to be breast aware.
T85 526732-526821 Sentence denotes Women (mean age 37 years) were recruited through mosques and community forums in the UK .
T86 526822-526956 Sentence denotes They completed a brief questionnaire looking at constructs from the Health Belief Model (Champion, 1999) , body image and religiosity.
T87 526957-527205 Sentence denotes Results showed that higher religiosity was associated with the following: greater perceived barriers to both breast cancer awareness and mammography screening, reduced confidence in breast self awareness, and less perceived benefits in mammography.
T88 527206-527368 Sentence denotes In contrast positive body image was found to have a positive impact on breast health motivation, breast cancer awareness and finding out more about breast cancer.
T89 527369-527475 Sentence denotes Good breast cancer awareness was associated with higher perceived benefits and lower barriers as expected.
T90 527476-527674 Sentence denotes Examination of the predictors of intention to self-examination showed that higher body image and educational level had a positive impact on confidence, although no direct relationship to intentions.
T91 527675-527839 Sentence denotes In this study, we developed the Takeda Three Colors Combination Test (TTCC) as a simplified screening test for early detection of AD and examined its effectiveness.
T92 527840-527961 Sentence denotes 166 senior persons participated in the research; 91 with mild AD and 75 healthy volunteers represented the control group.
T93 527962-528105 Sentence denotes The TTCC, which is a colored cards configuration memory task, was examined for sensitivity and specificity as well as reliability and validity.
T94 528106-528189 Sentence denotes The sensitivity of the TTCC in detecting mild AD was 84% with a specificity of 87%.
T95 528190-528303 Sentence denotes The positive predictive value was 89%, the negative predictive value was 82% and the predictive accuracy was 86%.
T96 528304-528442 Sentence denotes The odds ratio of the incorrect response to TTCC with control group as a standard was 32.0 (95%CI,13.1-78.1, p< 0.0001) for mild AD group.
T97 528443-528599 Sentence denotes Including the results of the re-tests, the Phi coefficient indicated 0.76 (p<0.0001) and the consistency percentage between first and second trials was 88%.
T98 528600-528763 Sentence denotes Spearman's rank correlation analysis, using MMSE as an external standard, revealed a significant correlation between MMSE and the TTCC results (ρ=0.58, p< 0.0001).
T99 528764-528874 Sentence denotes Conducting the TTCC (including instruction and evaluation) was accomplished within 2 minutes for all subjects.
T100 528875-528952 Sentence denotes No refusal or resistance to this test was observed among any of the subjects.
T101 528953-529065 Sentence denotes The TTCC has proven to be of adequate sensitivity and specificity as a screening test for early detection of AD.
T102 529066-529151 Sentence denotes Furthermore, administration time is short and requires no special training or skills.
T103 529152-529283 Sentence denotes Thus, we believe the TTCC shows great potential for use as an AD screening test by a general practitioner in communities worldwide.
T104 529284-529294 Sentence denotes Objective:
T105 529295-529425 Sentence denotes To understand reasons that influence African-American participation in a study designed to increase CRC screening in primary care.
T106 529426-529434 Sentence denotes Methods:
T107 529435-529607 Sentence denotes As part of a larger randomized, controlled behavioral intervention, we administered a baseline telephone survey to 134 African-American primary care patients ages 50 to 79.
T108 529608-529705 Sentence denotes The survey included sociodemographic background measures and perceptions about CRC and screening.
T109 529706-529770 Sentence denotes We also asked consenting participants why they joined the study.
T110 529771-529869 Sentence denotes The research team performed content analysis of responses to this question and tallied categories.
T111 529870-529878 Sentence denotes Results:
T112 529879-529923 Sentence denotes 75% of respondents were female and 25% male.
T113 529924-529996 Sentence denotes Ages ranged from 50 to 79 with 72.4% of participants between ages 51-60.
T114 529997-530106 Sentence denotes In this sample, 38% had a HS/GED education, 19% had a college degree or more, and 17% had a technical degree.
T115 530107-530253 Sentence denotes Primary reasons for participation included: desire to support research (45%), contact by study staff (36%), and a desire to maintain health (34%).
T116 530254-530266 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T117 530267-530388 Sentence denotes As this was an African-American study sample, desire to support research as a primary participation reason is noteworthy.
T118 530389-530468 Sentence denotes Contact by study staff as a major reason for participation is also significant.
T119 530469-530580 Sentence denotes Importantly, respondents' desire to maintain their health was another principal reason cited for participation.
T120 530581-530700 Sentence denotes These findings provide insight into reasons why African-American patients decide to participate in prevention research.
T121 530701-530807 Sentence denotes We will add to these data through the analysis of responses from 896 individuals targeted for recruitment.
T122 530808-530924 Sentence denotes We examined barriers to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among urban and rural Pennsylvania Latino/Hispanic adults.
T123 530925-531141 Sentence denotes A total of 82 Latinos/Hispanics engaged in one of eight focus groups stratified by sex and geography offered; and completed a 25-item survey eliciting their demographic information and CRC cancer screening behaviors.
T124 531142-531277 Sentence denotes After the focus group, participants viewed a sevenminute American Cancer Society's published Spanish DVD entitled, "Get Tested for CRC.
T125 531278-531395 Sentence denotes Here's How" and reassemble to answer questions about their preference and acceptability of the CRC screening options.
T126 531396-531498 Sentence denotes Focus group data were audio taped, transcribed and grouped into thematic units using content analysis.
T127 531499-531688 Sentence denotes We found substantial barriers by sex and geography, including urban residents received screenings during annual check-ups, while rural residents received screenings in response to symptoms.
T128 531689-531849 Sentence denotes Of the 57 total barriers reported, four barriers were unique to urban Latino/Hispanic residents; and 13 barriers were unique to rural Latino/Hispanic residents.
T129 531850-531968 Sentence denotes Low levels of health literacy, knowledge and awareness of CRC risk and screening were reported barriers across groups.
T130 531969-532082 Sentence denotes The family unit and strong social support were also factors reported as influencing their CRC screening behavior.
T131 532083-532300 Sentence denotes Participants identified barriers to CRC screening that fit into five categories: (a) physical environment, (b) structural factors, (c) sociocultural factors, (d) individual factors, and (e) physician-related barriers.
T132 532301-532401 Sentence denotes Latino/Hispanic participants also identified potential strategies to overcome each reported barrier.
T133 532402-532615 Sentence denotes These finding suggest that a targeted CRC screening intervention utilizing a physician-recommended home fecal immunochemical test with instructions is preferred among Latino/Hispanics over a non-targeted approach.
T134 532616-532734 Sentence denotes African Americans are more likely to be diagnosed with, and to die from, colorectal cancer (CRC) than any other group.
T135 532735-532830 Sentence denotes Approximately half of CRC deaths could be prevented if screening were consistently implemented.
T136 532831-532976 Sentence denotes The Transtheoretical Model postulates that behavior change occurs over time with people moving through stages of readiness to adopt the behavior.
T137 532977-533008 Sentence denotes The aims of this study were to:
T138 533009-533226 Sentence denotes 1) examine distribution across stages of readiness to screen for CRC among African American primary care patients; and 2) determine whether demographic and health belief variables predict stage of readiness to screen.
T139 533227-533433 Sentence denotes Baseline data were collected via telephone interviews from 311 patients who were due for screening and enrolled in a RCT testing efficacy of a computer-based intervention designed to increase CRC screening.
T140 533434-533656 Sentence denotes Ordinal logistic regression models were used to examine demographic variables and Health Belief Model constructs (perceived risk, benefits, barriers and self-efficacy) as predictors of stage of readiness to screen for CRC.
T141 533657-533708 Sentence denotes The sample was 56% male and a mean age of 58 years.
T142 533709-533905 Sentence denotes For FOBT, 51.8% of patients were precontemplators, 37% were contemplators, and 11.3% were in preparation. oral health problems and their corresponding clinical signs (67 in total) were identified.
T143 533906-533975 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to present the content validity of the tool.
T144 533976-533983 Sentence denotes Method.
T145 533984-534160 Sentence denotes A dentist and three general practitioners in palliative care in Quebec (Canada) were invited to evaluate the relevance and sufficiency of each of the clinical signs identified.
T146 534161-534254 Sentence denotes The relative importance of clinical signs was also assessed for certain oral health problems.
T147 534255-534398 Sentence denotes As suggested by Polit, Tatano Beck and Owen (2007), an I-CVI of at least .75 was used to conclude about the relevance of a given clinical sign.
T148 534399-534408 Sentence denotes Findings.
T149 534409-534464 Sentence denotes The I-CVI was satisfactory for 62 of 67 clinical signs.
T150 534465-534676 Sentence denotes There was disagreement between the experts concerning the relevance of using pain/burning pain of mucosa and pain/ burning pain of tongue to detect both pseudomembranous candidiasis and erythematous candidiasis.
T151 534677-534828 Sentence denotes Opinions were also shared concerning the use of tooth sensitivity to cold and that of nearby tissues as a clinical sign of pulpitis and dental abscess.
T152 534829-535042 Sentence denotes Finally, the experts considered that some clinical signs were more important than others to detect erythematous candidiasis, hyperplasic candidiasis, mucositis/stomatite, infections of viral origin and xerostomia.
T153 535043-535146 Sentence denotes Thus, it will be necessary to develop a scoring method that takes this aspect into account. immigrants.
T154 535147-535238 Sentence denotes It appears that education is a more robust predictor of physiologic CRF compared to income.
T155 535239-535472 Sentence denotes Given that education may reflect status prior to migration (Average Age at Migration=39 years), the interaction between status and physiologic indicators of health may be important to assess throughout the lifespan in future studies.
T156 535473-535675 Sentence denotes It is also possible that Education has a higher range than income with almost 80% of the sample earning less than $30,000/year. status, and employment status, with using weights for the sampling design.
T157 535676-535684 Sentence denotes Results:
T158 535685-535820 Sentence denotes In the US sample, education, household income and SSS were significantly and inversely associated with psychological distress (p<0.05).
T159 535821-536099 Sentence denotes In the Japanese sample, respondents with high education or low household income had a non-significant but slightly higher prevalence of psychological distress; furthermore, those with the highest or lowest level of SSS had a higher prevalence of psychological distress (p<0.05).
T160 536100-536189 Sentence denotes A significant interaction between the country and education or SSS was observed (p<0.05).
T161 536190-536202 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T162 536203-536514 Sentence denotes While a linear association between any social class indicator and psychological distress was observed in the US, the association between subjective social class and psychological distress seems U shaped in Japan, probably reflecting the fact that those with high education or low income had a higher prevalence.
T163 536515-536526 Sentence denotes Background.
T164 536527-536758 Sentence denotes Despite a number of papers on the FCTC negotiation process and final text, there have not been attempts to test the usefulness of treaty process by quantifying its global impact on the adoption of domestic tobacco control policies.
T165 536759-537103 Sentence denotes This paper suggests that the negotiation process provided a platform for increased communication and international learning through which tobacco control information spread to many countries; and that this simultaneous learning process accelerated the adoption of internationally promoted tobacco control policies by countries around the world.
T166 537104-537114 Sentence denotes Objective.
T167 537115-537248 Sentence denotes The present study quantifies the impact of the FCTC negotiation process on the global diffusion of domestic tobacco control policies.
T168 537249-537257 Sentence denotes Methods.
T169 537258-537533 Sentence denotes Country characteristics, including income, population, region, democracy, tobacco production, smoking prevalence and network participation were analyzed to determine their effects on the frequency, type and strength of tobacco control policy adoption among WHO Member States.
T170 537534-537723 Sentence denotes Bivariate analyses were conducted for each country characteristic and used to compare the frequency and strength of control policies adopted between pre-negotiation and negotiation periods.
T171 537724-537826 Sentence denotes Multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine the predictive nature of these variables.
T172 537827-537836 Sentence denotes Findings.
T173 537837-537962 Sentence denotes The frequency of policy adoption escalated between 2002 and 2003, the years in which the FCTC negotiations were most intense.
T174 537963-538056 Sentence denotes The strength of policies adopted also shifted significantly towards policies promoted by WHO.
T175 538057-538192 Sentence denotes The average strength of policies adopted varied significantly with population size, region, democracy levels and network participation.
T176 538193-538341 Sentence denotes All characteristics, with the exception of total and male smoking prevalence, were significantly associated with the number of policy types adopted.
T177 538342-538353 Sentence denotes Conclusion.
T178 538354-538515 Sentence denotes This study suggests that investments in formal international legal processes can be effective and appropriate, even when the outcomes are unclear from the start.
T179 538516-538629 Sentence denotes The FCTC negotiation process coincided with a rise in domestic policy adoption in the direction advocated by WHO.
T180 538630-538804 Sentence denotes However, there remains the need to improve outreach and diffusion to lower-income countries in the area of tobacco control, and likely other areas of chronic disease control.
T181 538805-538810 Sentence denotes Aims:
T182 538811-538939 Sentence denotes The number of the unemployed has been increasing in Japan, as well as in other countries, due to the economic turn-down in 2008.
T183 538940-539088 Sentence denotes The unemployed might have lower socioeconomic status (SES), thus have poor mental health, and difficulty in seeking help for mental health problems.
T184 539089-539265 Sentence denotes This study aimed to clarify subjective social class, mental health, and help seeking behaviors among the employed who looked for a job, comparing with those currently employed.
T185 539266-539274 Sentence denotes Methods:
T186 539275-539495 Sentence denotes A community-based epidemiologic study of common mental disorders, the World Mental Health Japan 2002-2006 Survey, were conducted of random samples of residents in 11 municipalities (N=4,130), with using the WHO-CIDI 3.0.
T187 539496-539735 Sentence denotes A subsample of the respondents (the part 2 sample, N=1,682) was asked to determine their social class, self-rated health, psychological distress (K6), 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders, and help-seeking behaviors for mental health problems.
T188 539736-539959 Sentence denotes Analyses were conducted, comparing these variables between the currently unemployed who look for a job (N= 35) and the currently employed (N=997), adjusting for sex, age, and education, with considering the sampling weight.
T189 539960-539968 Sentence denotes Results:
T190 539969-540066 Sentence denotes The unemployed had significantly lower education and household income than the employed (p<0.05).
T191 540067-540287 Sentence denotes The unemployed reported poorer physical and mental health status than the employed (p=0.08 and p=0.06, respectively), while there was no significant difference in prevalence of psychological distress or mental disorders.
T192 540288-540553 Sentence denotes The proportion of those who sought help for mental health problems was not significantly different between the two groups; however, as a reason of the delay in seeking help, the unemployed more tended to concern "how much money the treatment would be cost"(p=0.07).
T193 540554-540566 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T194 540567-540718 Sentence denotes The unemployed were at lower SES, had poor physical and mental health status, and delayed their help seeking because of their concern on treatment fee.
T195 540719-540850 Sentence denotes Backgrounds and purpose Limited evidence has been available for regional socio-economic status (SES) and health in Asian countries.
T196 540851-540947 Sentence denotes Whether regional SES influences individual cause-specific risk of death remained to be examined.
T197 540948-541087 Sentence denotes The aim of this multilevel study is to evaluate whether regional SES influences cause-specific mortality independently from individual SES.
T198 541088-541319 Sentence denotes We used the data from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study in 1988-1990, including 22,638 men and 30,518 women who aged 40 to 64 with no medical history of cancer and cardiovascular diseases at baseline in 35 municipalities.
T199 541320-541404 Sentence denotes They were followed up to determine mortality of various diseases by the end of 2005.
T200 541405-541482 Sentence denotes All deaths were ascertained by death certificates from public health centers.
T201 541483-541562 Sentence denotes The ICD 9th and 10th revisions were used to determine cause-specific mortality.
T202 541563-541746 Sentence denotes Proportion of college graduates, per capita income, unemployment rate, per capita bank deposit, and proportion of households receiving welfare were used as indicators of regional SES.
T203 541747-541839 Sentence denotes We adjusted individual SES (education level, occupation) and possible confounding variables.
T204 541840-541982 Sentence denotes Gender-specific adjusted odds ratios for specific causes of deaths were estimated according to regional SES by multilevel logistic regression.
T205 541983-542080 Sentence denotes Regional SES indicators were associated with risk of mortality independently from individual SES.
T206 542081-542282 Sentence denotes The effect of regional SES was statistically significant for cardiovascular disease, especially stroke among men, while it was apparent for respiratory diseases or external causes of death among women.
T207 542283-542426 Sentence denotes This multilevel study showed that SES of municipalities has independent influence on risk of mortality among individuals living in these areas.
T208 542427-542508 Sentence denotes Not only individual but also regional SES could be social determinants of health.
T209 542509-542522 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T210 542523-542617 Sentence denotes Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in the U.S.
T211 542618-542697 Sentence denotes Negative associations between CVD and socioeconomic (SES) are well established.
T212 542698-542881 Sentence denotes Socioeconomic status, generally defined by factors such as income, education and occupation, can be measured subjectively via-self report using a scale representing a ten rung ladder.
T213 542882-542986 Sentence denotes Recently, subjective SES has shown to be more predictive of health and cardiac outcomes than actual SES.
T214 542987-543165 Sentence denotes Vital exhaustion (VE) is another risk factor associated with CVD and is characterized by feelings of excessive fatigue and demoralization, as well as in increase in irritability.
T215 543166-543285 Sentence denotes To our knowledge, socioeconomic differences, both subjective and objective, with respect to VE, have not been explored.
T216 543286-543394 Sentence denotes Therefore, the current study examined the associations between subjective SES and VE among cardiac patients.
T217 543395-543469 Sentence denotes Death is a natural and inevitable phenomenon that everyone has to face it.
T218 543470-543577 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, our society seems to refuse everything that could be related to illness, suffering and death.
T219 543578-543719 Sentence denotes Daily we overhear news about unexpected deaths, which highlights the importance of being aware of one's death as a part of the cycle of life.
T220 543720-543844 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to analyze the main factors that could help to face the own death from young people's perspective.
T221 543845-543911 Sentence denotes The sample was made up of 60 young people, aged between 18 and 27.
T222 543912-544061 Sentence denotes All participants were evaluated by the "Helping to Die in Peace Questionnaire" (CAMP) by Bayés et al., (2000) , which is composed of two major items.
T223 544062-544197 Sentence denotes The first one assesses the aspects that could help people to die in peace, answering to eleven sentences according to a 5 points scale.
T224 544198-544348 Sentence denotes In relation to the second one, participants have to select the two most important factors when death is close, through the eleven previous statements.
T1 544349-544669 Sentence denotes Results showed the following factors as the most relevant to young people: "Being able to be close, communicate and strengthen my bonds with loved ones" (X=3,1; SD=0,8), "To think that my life has had some meaning" (X=3,0; SD=1,1), "To think that my death won't cause an unbearable burden to loved ones" (X=2,9; SD=1,1).
T2 544670-544993 Sentence denotes On the other hand, the less important aspects were: "Believing in other life after death" (X=1,5; SD= 1,5), "To think that I may die at home" (X=1,8; SD=1,3), "To think that my dying process will be short in case of suffering" (X= 2,3; SD=1,4) and "Not to feel guilty about past personal conflicts" (X=2,3; SD=1,4). (2004).
T3 544994-545448 Sentence denotes Results showed family satisfaction in descending order, so family members were more pleased in relation to "satisfaction with medical care to patients" (81,5%), "best care given to patients" (77,8%), "be called with some significant change in patients' condition" (75,9%) "care about the patients from hospital personnel" (74,1%), "understanding about patient's situation and procedures applied" (74,1%) and "honesty of the information provided" (70,9%).
T4 545449-545621 Sentence denotes Lesser degree, they were satisfied in "explanations about patient's condition", "staff members attention to family" and "loneliness/isolation in the waiting area" (61-67%).
T5 545622-545881 Sentence denotes Finally, the results pointed as the fewest satisfied aspects those connected with "comfort about visiting patients in ICU" (47,3%) "interest showed by staff members"(32,7%), "explanation about the equipment used" (25,9%) and "comfort of waiting room" (11,5%).
T6 545882-545987 Sentence denotes These findings show that family members satisfaction to their ICU's experience was quite good in general.
T7 545988-546100 Sentence denotes It is necessary taking into account those improvable aspects in order to provide them the best stay in our ICUs.
T8 546101-546112 Sentence denotes BACKGROUND:
T9 546113-546228 Sentence denotes Evidence on the association between social status inconsistency (SI) and self-reported health is limited and mixed.
T10 546229-546329 Sentence denotes Moreover, only little research has been done to examine the pathway through which SI affects health.
T11 546330-546434 Sentence denotes Therefore we analysed the mediating effect of effort-reward imbalance at work (ERI) on this association.
T12 546435-546443 Sentence denotes METHODS:
T13 546444-546551 Sentence denotes Analyses were based on a random sample of 1111 male employees (25-64 years) from the south-west of Germany.
T14 546552-546608 Sentence denotes Data were collected by a telephone interview in 2008/09.
T15 546609-546806 Sentence denotes Information on socio-demographic variables, social status indicators (education, occupational grade and income), occupational strain (ERI), and physical as well as mental health (SF-12) were given.
T16 546807-546946 Sentence denotes RESULTS: SI was significantly associated to low mental health, both directly and, consistent to our hypothesis, indirectly via low rewards.
T17 546947-547066 Sentence denotes As SI was also related to low effort, no association was found for the quotient of both scales (ERI) and mental health.
T18 547067-547166 Sentence denotes The effect of SI on physical health was entirely mediated by low rewards without any direct effect.
T19 547167-547306 Sentence denotes The inclusion of further risk factors (age, BMI) did not attenuate these Results: CONCLUSION: SI is significantly associated to ill health.
T20 547307-547497 Sentence denotes Moreover, results indicate that at least a part of this relationship is explained by low rewards at work, findings with implications for further research in job strain and health inequality.
T21 547498-547560 Sentence denotes Selection of a spouse reflects the cultural values of society.
T22 547561-547697 Sentence denotes Spouse selection in the west is based primarily on falling-in-love whereas in India, selecting a spouse has been traditionally arranged.
T23 547698-547831 Sentence denotes As a result of globalization, western influence in India is on the rise requiring a traditional society to modify its cultural norms.
T24 547832-547956 Sentence denotes While arranged marriage is still prevalent in India, a new mode of marriage, love marriage, is becoming increasingly common.
T25 547957-548030 Sentence denotes This transition introduces new social stressors, which may impact health.
T26 548031-548210 Sentence denotes We hypothesize that traditional individuals will feel conflicted by the shift in cultural norms toward a more nontraditional system and possibly experience symptoms of depression.
T27 548211-548369 Sentence denotes To test the hypothesis, a group of 350 college students in Mumbai, a major metropolis of India undergoing rapid cultural change in recent years were surveyed.
T28 548370-548538 Sentence denotes We administered questionnaires measuring the influence exerted by tradition on mate Subjective socioeconomic status (SES) impacts health independently of objective SES.
T29 548539-548709 Sentence denotes However, little is known about variables that contribute to perception of social standing other than objective SES, which is only modestly correlated with subjective SES.
T30 548710-548816 Sentence denotes Spirituality also impacts on health and may synergistically interact with perceived SES to predict health.
T31 548817-548900 Sentence denotes It is hypothesized that Subjective SES will correlate positively with Spirituality.
T32 548901-549002 Sentence denotes And spirituality and subjective SES will predict health outcomes after controlling for objective SES.
T33 549003-549043 Sentence denotes Urban college students (N=568; Mean Age:
T34 549044-549077 Sentence denotes 19 years; 73.1% Female; Religion:
T35 549078-549114 Sentence denotes 46.3% Christian; 37.3% Hindu; Other:
T36 549115-549313 Sentence denotes 16.4%) in Mumbai, India completed questionnaires on Spiritual Well-Being (SWB) measuring Existential (EWB) and Religious Well-Being (RWB), somatic symptoms (CHIPS), subjective SES and objective SES.
T37 549314-549426 Sentence denotes Results indicated that objective SES and subjective SES were positively but modestly correlated (r=.20, p<.001).
T38 549427-549653 Sentence denotes There was a negative relationship between objective SES and SWB, RWB and CHIPS (r=−.11, p<.05; -.20, p<.001; -.10, p<.05, respectively) and between subjective SES and RWB and CHIPS (r=−.12, p<.005; -.20, p<.001, respectively).
T39 549654-549847 Sentence denotes These data indicate that high SESperceived and actual -is associated with lower engagement in prayer and relationship with a higher spiritual power and with fewer somatic symptoms than low SES.
T40 549848-550072 Sentence denotes There was no correlation found between objective SES and EWB and subjective SES and EWB were positively correlated (r=.20, p<.001) indicating that perceived social standing is associated with life satisfaction and stability.
T41 550073-550351 Sentence denotes These data indicate the complexity of variables that contribute to material and spiritual well-being and its interaction with health where subjectively poor people engage more in religious practice and do not experience existential satisfaction and report more somatic symptoms.
T42 550352-550455 Sentence denotes Discussions about medical information banks may influence decisions to participate in genetic biobanks.
T43 550456-550660 Sentence denotes Project Diversity GATHER (Group discussions Around Themes on HEalthful genetic Research) examines demographics and health care perceptions that may affect willingness to participate in genetic biobanking.
T44 550661-550820 Sentence denotes Participants (N=135, 63% female; mean age=46.67, SD=17.17, range =18-87) completed sociodemographic and psychosocial questionnaires and a one-hour focus group.
T45 550821-550996 Sentence denotes Participants selfidentified as Black (49.2%), White (36.2%), Pacific Islander (2.3%), American Indian (2.3%), Asian (1.5%) and Other (8.5%); 19.3% of participants were Latino.
T46 550997-551088 Sentence denotes Univariate and bivariate descriptive analyses and t-tests were performed where appropriate.
T47 551089-551277 Sentence denotes Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were applied to compare differences in (un)adjusted odds of who was willing to participate in biobanking vs. not controlling for confounds.
T48 551278-551420 Sentence denotes Participants unwilling to participate in genetic biobanking had higher health care distrust than willing participants [t(126) = −3.14, p<.01].
T49 551421-551523 Sentence denotes Logistic regression models compared participants willing to participate in genetic biobankIng vs. not.
T50 551524-551828 Sentence denotes Univariate logistic regressions noted significant relationships for race/ethnicity (OR=0.30, 95%CI=0.12-0.75), primary care physician status (OR=0.51, 95%CI=1.03-1.18), and health care system beliefs (OR=1.11, 95%CI=1.02-1.18), with gender, age, and education level yielding nonsignificant relationships.
T51 551829-551983 Sentence denotes Multivariate analyses confirmed race/ethnicity (OR=0.25, 95%CI=0.09-0.70) and health care beliefs (OR=1.10, 95%CI=1.02-1.18) to be significant predictors.
T52 551984-552144 Sentence denotes Participants characterized as racial/ethnic minorities or who are distrustful of the health care system may be less likely to participate in genetic biobanking.
T53 552145-552295 Sentence denotes Our findings support previous research in this area and may help to explain why medical research often underrepresents racial/ ethnic minority groups.
T54 552296-552458 Sentence denotes The relationship between health care distrust and unwillingness to participate in genetic biobanking highlights potential recruitment barriers in genetic testing.
T55 552459-552589 Sentence denotes Clinicians and researchers may wish to assess and attend to distrust in patients for whom genetic testing is clinically indicated.
T56 552590-552858 Sentence denotes Our purpose was to predict systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and heart rate (HR) during 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring using respective diagnostic values of BP and HR, and measures of social support as predictors in a hierarchical regression analysis.
T57 552859-552956 Sentence denotes The predicted periods of the ambulatory BP monitoring were 24-hours, morning, evening, and night.
T58 552957-553068 Sentence denotes The participants were 95 healthy men with different BP levels from the Tampere Ambulatory Blood Pressure Study.
T59 553069-553170 Sentence denotes The participants could be treated as one group, because the diagnostic BPs were normally distributed.
T60 553171-553335 Sentence denotes The measures of social support were the total score of the Interview for Social Interaction (ISSI; Henderson, Byrne, & Duncan-Jones, 1981) and five subscales of it.
T61 553336-553455 Sentence denotes The first sets in the hierarchical regression analysis had the respective diagnostic values of BP and HR as predictors.
T62 553456-553539 Sentence denotes These were all significant predictors of daily cardiovascular measures as expected.
T63 553540-553663 Sentence denotes In the second series of sets, the total score of ISSI and the subscale scores of it were added to the models, respectively.
T64 553664-553833 Sentence denotes The prediction of ambulatory cardiovascular measures improved by up to 3% by adding the Adequacy of Social Integration (ADSI), a subscale of ISSI to the diagnostic SBPs.
T65 553834-554006 Sentence denotes In conclusion, one specific measure of social support, the Adequacy of Social Integration (but not others) improved the prediction of cardiovascular measures in daily life.
T66 554007-554154 Sentence denotes These results are in line with previous findings emphasizing the function of the quality of social support as a buffer in daily life. (Chaix et al.
T67 554155-554442 Sentence denotes Hypertension, 2010) suggest that central adiposity and heart rate account for a sizable amount of the inverse association between individual education and SBP in a French cohort: body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference explained 28% and resting heart rate, 15% of this association.
T68 554443-554570 Sentence denotes Psychological factors and health behaviors also helped account for the education-SBP association, but to a much smaller degree.
T69 554571-554833 Sentence denotes We used data on a nationally representative U.S. sample of 15,701 young adult participants aged 24-32 years in Add Health, Wave IV, to determine whether a similar education-SBP association exists in a U.S. cohort and to examine several potential mediators of it.
T70 554834-554908 Sentence denotes Individual education level was associated with SBP (p< 0.0001) as follows:
T71 554909-555191 Sentence denotes Some high school or less, N=1212, SBP= 126.0+14.1(S.D.)mmHg; Graduated high school, N=2453, SBP= 126.6+13.9 mmHg; Some college or vocational tech, N=6710, SBP=124.7+13.8 mmHg; Bachelors degree, N=2942, SBP= 123.2+13.1 mmHg, and; Graduate school or more, N=1845, SBP=122.0+12.7 mmHg.
T72 555192-555352 Sentence denotes When the education-SBP association was adjusted for BMI, the 4.0 mmHg difference in SBP between the lowest and highest education groups was reduced to 2.7 mmHg.
T73 555353-555579 Sentence denotes Further adjustment for gender, race/ethnicity, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, marital status, employment status, income, presence of financial strain and home ownership reduced the SBP difference to 0.6 mmHg.
T74 555580-555725 Sentence denotes These findings replicate in a U.S. cohort the finding in a French cohort of a robust association between lower education level and increased SBP.
T75 555726-555889 Sentence denotes In the larger Add Health sample, this association was nearly completely accounted for by BMI, race/ethnicity, gender, marital status and lifestyle characteristics.
T76 555890-555903 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T77 555904-555958 Sentence denotes Many patients fear upper gastrointestinal endoscopies.
T78 555959-556068 Sentence denotes Natural anxiety may be aggravated by horror stories from friends or inappropriate remarks by endoscopy staff.
T79 556069-556125 Sentence denotes Shavasan is probably the best-known relaxation exercise.
T80 556126-556196 Sentence denotes Through relaxation of muscle tension, an anxiety free sate is reached.
T81 556197-556207 Sentence denotes Objective:
T82 556208-556319 Sentence denotes The study was to examine effects of relaxation in Shavasan posture in patients undergoing upper GI endoscopies.
T83 556320-556327 Sentence denotes Method:
T84 556328-556406 Sentence denotes Study was conducted on 63 consecutive patients between ages of 16 to 86 years.
T85 556407-556499 Sentence denotes Patients were randomly assigned to two groups regardless of sex, age and underlying disease.
T86 556500-556596 Sentence denotes Thirty one patients relaxed in shavasan, before and during procedure, while 32 patients did not.
T87 556597-556655 Sentence denotes No patients were given sedation or local anesthetic spray.
T88 556656-556713 Sentence denotes Blood pressure, heart and respiratory rate were recorded.
T89 556714-556782 Sentence denotes Perception of procedure using a 5-point attitude scale was assessed.
T90 556783-556791 Sentence denotes Results:
T91 556792-556835 Sentence denotes Paired T-test was used to analyze the data.
T92 556836-557029 Sentence denotes Test group results showed significant difference in three parameters i.e. blood pressure, systolic, heart and respiratory rate in the difference of values at the beginning and end of procedure.
T93 557030-557112 Sentence denotes Control group did not show statistically significant difference in any parameters.
T94 557113-557232 Sentence denotes However, data comparison in two groups showed statistically significantly difference in the heart and respiratory rate.
T95 557233-557291 Sentence denotes More patients in test group reported decrease in distress.
T96 557292-557303 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T97 557304-557378 Sentence denotes This preliminary study shows the effect of relaxation in Shavasan posture.
T98 557379-557456 Sentence denotes Repeated practice is necessary to attain quick de-stressed state in distress.
T99 557457-557607 Sentence denotes We suggest that this exercise could be applied to any other medical situations as well, which tend to generate undue psychological stress and anxiety.
T100 557608-557616 Sentence denotes Problem:
T101 557617-557815 Sentence denotes Coping resources can be of great assistance when one is placed in stressful situations because they influence whether or not the stressor is directly approached or avoided (Taylor & Stanton, 2007 ).
T102 557816-557935 Sentence denotes This research proposes that self esteem, a key dispositional factor will reduce perceived stress for African Americans.
T103 557936-558022 Sentence denotes Further, effective coping strategies may moderate the impact of self esteem on stress.
T104 558023-558187 Sentence denotes This research hypothesizes that lower perceived stress will be predicted by higher self esteem and that effective coping strategies will increase this relationship.
T105 558188-558198 Sentence denotes Procedure:
T106 558199-558327 Sentence denotes 146 African American college students in small groups completed measures of self esteem, coping strategies and perceived stress.
T107 558328-558336 Sentence denotes Results:
T108 558337-558451 Sentence denotes As expected, low self esteem (r=−.29 p<.01; Rsquare= .09 β=−.29, t=−3.56 p<.01) predicted higher perceived stress.
T109 558452-558706 Sentence denotes In addition, seeking social support(Rsquare=.15, β=.23 t=2.63 p<.01), an active coping strategy, and wishful thinking (Rsquare= .25, β =−.21 t=−2.78 p< .01), an avoidant coping strategy moderated the relationship between self esteem and perceived stress.
T110 558707-558825 Sentence denotes Low social support seekers and high wishful thinkers showed stronger impacts of lower self esteem on increased stress.
T111 558826-558968 Sentence denotes The coping strategy of seeking social support was not independently correlated with perceived stress but "wishful thinking" (r=.35 p<.01) was.
T112 558969-558980 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T113 558981-559093 Sentence denotes This study found that low self esteem is directly related to increased perceived stress among African Americans.
T114 559094-559209 Sentence denotes The inclination to seek social support reduces low self esteem individual's perception of a situation as stressful.
T115 559210-559344 Sentence denotes However, wishful thinking increased the likelihood that an individual with low self esteem would perceive an environment as stressful.
T116 559345-559676 Sentence denotes These findings suggest that cognitive-behavioral prevention programs that seek to alleviate stress among African Americans who have low self esteem should emphasize the importance of creating trusted social support systems and realistically assessing the magnitude of a problem in an effort to better manage one's stress responses.
T117 559677-559681 Sentence denotes AIM:
T118 559682-559768 Sentence denotes To explore the influence of occupational stress on mental health in Industrial worker.
T119 559769-559777 Sentence denotes METHODS:
T120 559778-559835 Sentence denotes A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 561 workers.
T121 559836-560026 Sentence denotes The workers were invited to fill in a self-administered questionnaire exploring their socio-demographic characteristics, occupational stress levels, and 12-item general health questionnaire.
T122 560027-560143 Sentence denotes A hierarchical multiple regression procedure was used to assess the effects of occupational stress on mental health.
T123 560144-560152 Sentence denotes RESULTS:
T124 560153-560379 Sentence denotes After controlling for age, educational level, marital status and years of offshore work, poor mental health was found to have a significant positive association with seven of the nine identified sources of occupational stress.
T125 560380-560705 Sentence denotes They were: conflict between job and family/ social life, poor development of career and achievement at work, safety problems at work, management problems and poor relationship with others at work, poor physical environment of the work place, uncomfortable ergonomic factors at work, and poor organizational structure at work.
T126 560706-560794 Sentence denotes All of these occupational stress sources together explained 19.9% of the total variance.
T127 560795-560807 Sentence denotes CONCLUSIONS:
T128 560808-560927 Sentence denotes The results confirmed that occupational stress was a major risk factor for poor mental health among industrial workers.
T129 560928-561053 Sentence denotes Reducing or eliminating occupational stressors at work would benefit workers' mental health in developing country like Nepal.
T130 561054-561431 Sentence denotes There should be some meditation program, behovior change and rest for workers to reduce the occupational Health Undergoing medical procedures, such as an amniocentesis, is stressful for pregnant women because they are often in a state of heightened anxiety about the well-being of their unborn child and experience uncertainness and possibly also increased physical discomfort.
T131 561432-561557 Sentence denotes The aim of the pilot study was to evaluate the impact of an amniocentesis during pregnancy on cardiovascular stress response.
T132 561558-561881 Sentence denotes Twelve healthy pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy (age: M=38.1, SD=2.8), underwent an amniocentesis during which heart rate (HR) and Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) were measured continuously, beginning 20 minutes before the examination and lasting until 30 minutes after termination of the examination.
T133 561882-561992 Sentence denotes Additionally, a questionnaire was distributed to measure the participants' general control conviction in life.
T134 561993-562092 Sentence denotes Analyses revealed a significant decrease of HR (p<.001) and a concomitant increase of RSA (p=.036).
T135 562093-562286 Sentence denotes Furthermore, a general fatalistic control expectation attitude was associated with a smaller decrease in HR (r=.616, p=.077) and a smaller increase in RSA (r=−.735, p=.024) after the procedure.
T136 562287-562529 Sentence denotes Our findings reveal a harmful anticipatory cardiovascular stress response in pregnant women prior to an invasive medical procedure with an anticipatory increase of HR primarily mediated by a decrease in cardiovagal activity as indexed by RSA.
T137 562530-562609 Sentence denotes Furthermore, a fatalistic control conviction seems to dampen stress reactivity.
T138 562610-562814 Sentence denotes Based on these findings, adjuvant stressprotective psychological intervention and counseling with special focus on control conviction should be considered for pregnant women undergoing medical procedures.
T139 562815-562825 Sentence denotes Objective:
T140 562826-562927 Sentence denotes Breathing control therapy may reduces emotion, but the neural underpinning of this effect is unknown.
T141 562928-563239 Sentence denotes We induced emotion with aversive pictures in 20 subjects and using a breath control procedure to test a hypothesis that (a) Breathing control alters the visceral feedback as reflected in the insula activation (that reflects interoception), and (b) This leads to reduced fear as reflected in amygdala activation.
T142 563240-563247 Sentence denotes Method:
T143 563248-563427 Sentence denotes Subjects went through fMRI scanning while observing Neutral Pictures, Emotional Pictures and then practiced breathing control (Exp Group) or no breathing control (Control group) .
T144 563428-563646 Sentence denotes Results: (a) Aversive pictures activated left amygdale and right insula in the control group. (b) The activations at the same areas were altered in the experimental group that practiced the breathing control procedure.
T145 563647-563658 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T146 563659-563888 Sentence denotes Intervention of emotion-related breathing can modulate left amygdala activation indicative of reduced fear and this effect cooccurred with altered activation at the right insula cortex indicative of altered interceptive feedback.
T147 563889-563900 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T148 563901-563978 Sentence denotes Breathing control therapy involves altered activation of insula and amygdala.
T149 563979-564137 Sentence denotes Mindfulness meditation is an ancient meditation technique with a modern name based on the concept of mindfulness, a relatively recent psychological construct.
T150 564138-564343 Sentence denotes This form of meditation is rooted in Buddhist Vipassana and Zen practices, and involves momentby-moment, detached awareness and observation of the continually changing field of perception and its contents.
T151 564344-564674 Sentence denotes Albeit the interest to verify the clinical efficacy of mindfulness practice has grown considerably in the last years, its specific psychobiological profile has been scarcely investigated, particularly with respect to the immune system, and this research does not seem to have been conducted, integratively, in clinical population.
T152 564675-564816 Sentence denotes Thus, the present study was carried out to examine the effects of a mindfulness meditation program on immune parameters in a clinical sample.
T153 564817-564981 Sentence denotes 16 patients with depression and anxiety symptoms participated in the study; these patients underwent a mindfulness meditation program for the period of eight weeks.
T154 564982-565143 Sentence denotes For the quantification of immune parameters (leucocytes, immunoglobulins and complement), blood samples were taken before and at the end of the training program.
T155 565144-565220 Sentence denotes T-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed as statistical analyses.
T156 565221-565404 Sentence denotes After completing the mindfulness meditation program, patients displayed significantly lower levels of monocytes and IgM, and higher levels of C3 and C4, as compared with pre-training.
T157 565405-565580 Sentence denotes Therefore, these results show that mindfulness meditation may exert a significant immunomodulatory action in anxious and depressed patients, which may hold clinical relevance.
T158 565581-565679 Sentence denotes Future studies should confirm these findings, as well as fully assess their clinical implications.
T159 565680-565873 Sentence denotes It is known that pro-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-1β plays an important role in behavioral and physiological alterations produced by exposure to immune stimulation or exposure to stressors.
T160 565874-566169 Sentence denotes Similarities between the neurochemical, endocrine, and behavioral consequences of immune challenge and stressors have been described frequently but the impact of immune stimulation such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or stressors on central or peripheral IL-1β has not been systematically explored.
T161 566170-566427 Sentence denotes To establish whether treatment of LPS or exposure to the foot shock stress (FS) leads to a changes in central or peripheral production of IL-1β and what types of cells express IL-1β in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and hippocampus were investigated in rats.
T162 566428-566688 Sentence denotes After treatment of LPS (100 ug/kg) or exposure to the FS (ten, 0.8-mA, foot shock for 5 sec each and 90 sec interval), fever were assessed and plasma, spleen, brains were collected to measure IL-1β levels and brains were perfused for immunohistochemical study.
T163 566689-566854 Sentence denotes LPS produced widespread increase IL-1β in the brain, spleen and plasma, but FS produced significant increase in IL-1β only in the brain but not in spleen and plasma.
T164 566855-567053 Sentence denotes In confocal immunofluorescence study, LPS and FS increased IL-1β immunoreactivities in the PVN and in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions and the IL-1β immunoreactivities were colocalized with NeuN.
T165 567054-567281 Sentence denotes Our results indicate that in brain both LPS and FS increase IL-1β but in periphery only LPS increases IL-1β and that IL-1β immunoreactivities on neuron may play an important role in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus regions.
T166 567282-567400 Sentence denotes Heart rate variability (HRV) is largely regarded as a useful marker of cardiovascular functioning (Task Force, 1996) .
T167 567401-567618 Sentence denotes Despite disparities in cardiovascular disease prevalence, especially hypertension, researchers have also suggested that African Americans (AA) actually display greater resting HRV compared to Whites (Li et al., 2009).
T168 567619-567787 Sentence denotes One proposed explanation for the greater rates of hypertension in African Americans is a greater peripheral resistance in the systemic vasculature (Dorr et al., 2007) .
T169 567788-567972 Sentence denotes In the present study, we sought to examine the relationships among HRV, and central (i.e. Cardiac Output|CO) and peripheral (i.e. Total Peripheral Resistance|TPR) hemodynamic measures.
T170 567973-568163 Sentence denotes As part of a larger study, continuous measurements of HRV and hemodynamics were obtained for 34 AA participants (22 females, Mage=19.8, SD=2.7), during a five minute resting baseline period.
T171 568164-568276 Sentence denotes Initial correlational analysis revealed a moderate association between resting HRV and resting CO(r=.29, p=.08).
T172 568277-568333 Sentence denotes Analyses were then conducted separately for each gender.
T173 568334-568480 Sentence denotes Interestingly, this association was stronger for AA females (r=.47, p=.02), but weaker and in the opposite direction for AA males (r=−.09, p=.79).
T174 568481-568639 Sentence denotes Separate analyses also revealed a strong relationship between resting HRV and TPR in AA men (r=.60, p=.04), that was not observed for AA women (r=.13, p=.61).
T175 568640-568814 Sentence denotes In follow-up regression analysis the effect for AA women was attenuated when BMI was added to the model; results for men were not diminished when controlling for age and BMI.
T176 568815-569006 Sentence denotes These results suggest that important gender differences may modify the association between autonomic nervous system activity and hemodynamic parameters associated with cardiovascular disease.
T177 569007-569131 Sentence denotes Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale measures the stress coping ability, viz comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness.
T178 569132-569304 Sentence denotes To investigate the relationships of SOC scores to perceived health status and job stress, self-administered questionnaires were distributed 1968 workers in some industries.
T179 569305-569499 Sentence denotes Complete answers were recovered from 295 workers (14.9%, 192 males and 103 females) and used for the analysis(179 office clerks, 28 sales representatives, 21 technical engineers, and 67 others).
T180 569500-569649 Sentence denotes Work stressors, psychological and somatic responses, social support, and job satisfaction were assessed by Brief Questionnaire for Job Stress (BQJS).
T181 569650-569806 Sentence denotes Perceived health were evaluated by asking subjects to give 1-4 points to their own status (1 very healthy, 2 rather healthy, 3 not so healthy, 4 unhealthy).
T182 569807-569946 Sentence denotes Ages were 49.3 years on average (SD11.4)for all respondents, and were 50.7 (SD 11.6) and 46.4(SD 10.7) for males and females, respectively.
T183 569947-570047 Sentence denotes SOC scores were 56.8(SD6.1)on average, without significant differences between two genders (p>0.05).
T184 570048-570377 Sentence denotes Multiple regression analysis indicated that, for both males and females, tension scores (BQJS) were inversely related to SOC scores, whereas were positively related to job load and stress by human relations assessed by BQJS (p<0.05); tension scores were also inversely related to supervisor's support and job satisfaction (BQJS).
T185 570378-570564 Sentence denotes Similarly, in males, depression scores (BQJS) were related inversely to SOC, job satisfaction and supervisor's support, and positively to job load and stress by human relations (p<0.05).
T186 570565-570710 Sentence denotes The similar relationships of depression scores to job load, supervisor's support and stress by human relations were observed in females (p<0.05).
T187 570711-570822 Sentence denotes Perceived health was not significantly associated with SOC scores in the multiple regression analysis (p>0.05).
T188 570823-570936 Sentence denotes It is thus suggested that SOC can reduce adverse responses to job stress(job load and stress by human relations).
T189 570937-570947 Sentence denotes Objective:
T190 570948-571057 Sentence denotes In recent years, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has been proposed as a reliable proxy for sympathetic activity.
T191 571058-571258 Sentence denotes This study aimed at testing the association between sAA to a broad range of psychosocial factors, self rated health, cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory markers in a normal population sample.
T192 571259-571267 Sentence denotes Methods:
T193 571268-571382 Sentence denotes 30 participants, all men between 50 and 54 years old, were randomly selected from a normal population based study.
T194 571383-571554 Sentence denotes Saliva samples were collected at awakening, 30 minutes after awakening and just before going to bed. sAA was measured by a calorimetric method using Phadebas amylase test.
T195 571555-571825 Sentence denotes Linear regression models were used to test associations between sAA levels and a broad spectrum of psychosocial factors (e.g. depressive symptamology, vital exhaustion, mastery and sense of coherence) self rated health and inflammatory markers (e.g. C-reactive protein).
T196 571826-571934 Sentence denotes Adjustments were made for physical exercise, smoking, blood lipids and time point when sample was collected.
T197 571935-572122 Sentence denotes Results: sAA levels at awakening were positively associated with depressive symptamology (p=0.046), vital exhaustion (p=0.025) and negatively associated with sense of coherence (p=0.034).
T198 572123-572285 Sentence denotes It was further associated positively associated with levels of C-reactive protein (p=0.024) and negatively associated with self reported general health (p=0.010).
T199 572286-572447 Sentence denotes Samples taken just before going to bed were showing similar results, whereas samples taken 30 minutes after awakening only showed a few significant associations.
T200 572448-572460 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T201 572461-572586 Sentence denotes The associations found give further support for the use of salivary alpha amylase as a psychoneuroendocrinological biomarker.
T202 572587-572713 Sentence denotes Assessment just after awakening or just before going to bed seems to be more reliable than samples 30 minutes after awakening.
T203 572714-572725 Sentence denotes Background:
T204 572726-572901 Sentence denotes Depression symptom severity contributes independently to risk for recurrent cardiac events, and inflammation has been suggested as a mechanism by which this risk is conferred.
T205 572902-573071 Sentence denotes Evidence regarding the directionality of the depressioninflammation relationship is equivocal however, and indicative of possible complex and bidirectional associations.
T206 573072-573080 Sentence denotes Methods:
T207 573081-573336 Sentence denotes At the time of their index event (baseline), and then again 1-and 3months later, 163 post-Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), a measure of depression symptom severity with cognitive and somatic components.
T208 573337-573611 Sentence denotes C-Reactive Protein (CRP) level was also assessed at these visits, as were known correlates of depression and CRP (i.e., age, sex, body mass index, education, raceethnicity, mean arterial pressure [MAP], smoking status, history of rheumatic disease, and history of diabetes).
T209 573612-573793 Sentence denotes Path analyses were conducted to evaluate the directionality of the depression-CRP relation and whether directionality varied by sex and/or specific symptom dimensions of depression.
T210 573794-573802 Sentence denotes Results:
T211 573803-574031 Sentence denotes Baseline total depression symptom severity predicted an increase in CRP from baseline to 1-month (β=0.23, p<0.001) controlling for all covariates, as did baseline cognitive-affective depression symptom severity (β=0.28, p=0.02).
T212 574032-574153 Sentence denotes In contrast, baseline somaticvegetative depression symptom severity did not predict an increase in CRP (β=−0.01, p=0.92).
T213 574154-574289 Sentence denotes CRP did not significantly predict 1-or 3-month change in total, cognitive-affective, or somatic-vegetative depression symptom severity.
T214 574290-574331 Sentence denotes Results did not differ for men and women.
T215 574332-574343 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T216 574344-574570 Sentence denotes Cognitive-affective and total depression symptom severity at the time of a cardiac event predicted 1-month increases in CRP for both men and women, but there was no evidence that earlier CRP predicts later depression symptoms.
T217 574571-574767 Sentence denotes This study examined the impact of social network variables on diurnal rhythm of cortisol levels among a group of 84 older people (45 men) whose ages ranged from 59 yrs to 86 yrs (mean= 73.02 yrs).
T218 574768-574960 Sentence denotes Eight saliva samples were collected from the participants for two days at specific times after waking: immediately, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 3 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, and 12 hours.
T219 574961-575020 Sentence denotes Cortisol data of the two days were aggregated for analysis.
T220 575021-575131 Sentence denotes The two components of diurnal rhythm, namely, awakening response and diurnal decline were examined separately.
T221 575132-575346 Sentence denotes For the cortisol awakening response, two separate indices reflecting the mean level of secretion and the rise from immediately to 45 minutes post-awakening, AUCG and AUCI, were computed using the trapezoid formula.
T222 575347-575503 Sentence denotes Similar procedure was applied to arrive at two indices of decline: AUCG-d and AUCI-d, from the peak level in the morning to that of 12 hours post-awakening.
T223 575504-575787 Sentence denotes The relation of each of the two indices within each diurnal component to the availability, use and development of social network was examined in a multiple regression analysis while controlling for the effect of gender, age, socioeconomic status, waking time, humor, and self-esteem.
T224 575788-575992 Sentence denotes Results indicated that higher scores in social network development were associated with a steeper rise in the morning (Beta=.32, t=2.24, p<.05) and a faster decline over the day (Beta=.34, t=2.38, p<.05).
T225 575993-576125 Sentence denotes Participants having higher scores on this variable exhibited a stronger motivation to develop and extend their social relationships.
T226 576126-576255 Sentence denotes Its effect on cortisol might stem from the positivity underlying the intention, which is consistent with what prior data suggest.
T227 576256-576362 Sentence denotes None of the other variables included in the regression analysis had significant impact on cortisol levels.
T228 576363-576569 Sentence denotes Findings of the present study suggest that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is the major pathway whereby positive psychosocial factors exert their health effects in the aging population.
T229 576570-576591 Sentence denotes CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
T230 576592-576601 Sentence denotes Julian C.
T231 576602-576879 Sentence denotes Lai, PhD, Applied Social Studies, CIty University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, n/a; ssjulwin@cityu.edu.hk PST-179c SALIVARY IL-6 AND CRP INCREASE IN RESPONSE TO ACUTE PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS Shuhei Izawa, PhD, 1,2 Nagisa Sugaya, MA, 2 Kenta Kimura, PhD, 3 Namiko Ogawa, MA, 2 Kosuke C.
T232 576880-577349 Sentence denotes Yamada, PhD, 4,2 Kentaro Shirotsuki, PhD, 5 Ikuyo Mikami, BA, 2 Kanako Hirata, BA, 2 Yuichiro Nagano, PhD 6 and Shinobu Nomura, PhD 2 1 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan, Kawasaki, Japan; 2 Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan; 3 Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; 4 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Koto-ku, Japan; 5 Tokai Gakuin University, Kakamigahara, Japan and 6 Bunkyo Gakuin University, Fujimino, Japan.
T233 577350-577503 Sentence denotes Although inflammatory activity is mostly measured in the blood, recent studies suggested that some inflammatory activity could be measured in the saliva.
T234 577504-577660 Sentence denotes This study investigated the effects of acute psychosocial stress on two salivary inflammatory biomarkers, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP).
T235 577661-577916 Sentence denotes Fifty-seven male and female students (mean age 21.4 yrs.) were subjected to the psychosocial stress test "Trier Social Stress Test" (TSST), in which the participants were asked to deliver a speech and perform a mental arithmetic in front of two audiences.
T236 577917-577974 Sentence denotes Saliva samples were taken before, during, and after TSST.
T237 577975-578112 Sentence denotes Salivary IL-6 and CRP concentrations significantly increased by an average of 71% and 56%, respectively, compared to each baseline value.
T238 578113-578275 Sentence denotes Both concentrations peaked during stress tasks and IL-6 and CRP levels remained elevated for 20 and 10 minutes, respectively, after the cessation of stress tasks.
T239 578276-578348 Sentence denotes IL-6 response was moderately correlated to CRP response (r=.305, p<.05).
T240 578349-578477 Sentence denotes These results indicated that both salivary inflammatory biomarkers are stresssensitive and could be applied for stress research.
T241 578478-578767 Sentence denotes It has been reported that unfavourable prenatal conditions -such as prenatal maternal stress, drugs, tobacco smoking or medical complications -affect the intrauterine development of the fetus, and may be associated with an increased risk for physical and mental disorders in the offspring.
T242 578768-578990 Sentence denotes Severe maternal stress during pregnancy affects the offspring's hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and may result in longterm diseases like metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hypertension or psychiatric disorders.
T243 578991-579040 Sentence denotes This phenomenon is called 'prenatal programming'.
T244 579041-579170 Sentence denotes We here investigated 'prenatal adversity' as a potential risk factor in the etiophathogenesis of Borderline Personality Disorder.
T245 579171-579371 Sentence denotes We assessed whether patients with Borderline Personality Disorder experienced more pre-, peri-and postnatal adverse life events than healthy controls, and tested the predictive value of these factors.
T246 579372-579618 Sentence denotes One hundred patients with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder and 100 healthy controls underwent semi-structured interviews about the course of pregnancy, severe maternal stress, birth complications and childhood trauma.
T247 579619-579744 Sentence denotes Further information was gathered from birth records, self-rating questionnaires and from close relatives of the participants.
T248 579745-580069 Sentence denotes Statistical analyses revealed that mothers of patients with Borderline Personality Disorder experienced significantly more adverse life events during pregnancy compared to mothers of healthy controls (e.g. traumatic stress p=.029, low social support p=.007, severe familial conflicts p=.008 or medical complications p=.017).
T249 580070-580196 Sentence denotes Logistic regression analyses revealed that prenatal risk factors explain 30.9% of variance in Borderline Personality Disorder.
T250 580197-580308 Sentence denotes In particular tobacco smoking (p=.003) and medical complications (p =.006) seem to mark important risk factors.
T251 580309-580433 Sentence denotes Furthermore patients with a history of early adversity show significantly more somatic comorbidities than controls (p<.001).
T252 580434-580581 Sentence denotes Our findings suggest that pre-and perinatal adversity constitute important risk factors in the etiopathogenesis of Borderline Personality Disorder.
T253 580582-580593 Sentence denotes Background:
T254 580594-580744 Sentence denotes Social conditions during childhood have been mentioned as a possible confounder in the relationship between job strain and myocardial infarction risk.
T255 580745-580922 Sentence denotes However, stress theory also suggests that early experiences may modify the individual's vulnerability to later stress, for instance through learned helplessness or hopelessness.
T256 580923-580931 Sentence denotes Methods:
T257 580932-581255 Sentence denotes In a prospective population-based cohort (effective n= 771; 72%), we examined the association between on the one hand exposure to an adverse social environment in adolescence, measured at age 16, and job strain measured with the Demand-Control Questionnaire (DCQ) at age 43, and on the other hand allostatic load at age 43.
T258 581256-581466 Sentence denotes Adversity in adolescence was operationalised as an index comprising residential mobility and crowding, parental loss, parental unemployment, and parental physical and mental illness (including substance abuse).
T259 581467-581638 Sentence denotes Allostatic load was operationalised as an index comprising body fat, blood pressure, inflammatory markers, glucose metabolism, blood lipids, and cortisol area under curve.
T260 581639-581647 Sentence denotes Results:
T261 581648-581750 Sentence denotes Adversity in adolescence was associated with higher adult allostatic load in women (β=0.170, p=0.001).
T262 581751-582003 Sentence denotes There was also a significant interaction between adversity in adolescence and job strain in the whole cohort (β=0.081, p=0.026), indicating that the ability to cope with the demands in working life may be negatively affected by exposures in early life.
T263 582004-582015 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T264 582016-582283 Sentence denotes Exposure to an adverse social environment in adolescence was associated with increased vulnerability to job strain in mid-life, indicating that sensitivity to stress and social inequalities in health may both be partially determined by material factors in early life.
T265 582284-582421 Sentence denotes Meta analyses have shown that religiousness, reflected in behavior such as frequently attending church, has documented health advantages.
T266 582422-582568 Sentence denotes However, this has not been examined in HIV, nor has it been determined whether advantages of church attendance may be independent of spirituality.
T267 582569-582783 Sentence denotes This study examined whether frequent church attendance is related to disease progression markers (CD4 and Viral Load (VL)) over time in people with HIV, and whether these effects may be independent of spirituality.
T268 582784-582792 Sentence denotes Methods:
T269 582793-582985 Sentence denotes One hundred diverse participants with HIV (men, women, African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic) answered questions about church attendance and spirituality as part of a psychosocial battery.
T270 582986-583064 Sentence denotes Participants were followed every 6 months for CD4 and VL changes over 4 years.
T271 583065-583291 Sentence denotes Hierarchical Linear Modeling assessed whether frequency of church attendance was associated with slope changes in CD4 or VL (log) over time controlling for baseline CD4, VL, age, gender, ethnicity, education, and spirituality.
T272 583292-583300 Sentence denotes Results:
T273 583301-583400 Sentence denotes Church attendance was significantly associated with slower CD4 decline (t=3.52 p =.001) but not VL.
T274 583401-583483 Sentence denotes Note that the impact of church attendance was significant even above spirituality.
T275 583484-583496 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T276 583497-583620 Sentence denotes Church attendance predicts slower CD4 decline in people with HIV, and these effects seem to be independent of spirituality.
T277 583621-583709 Sentence denotes A discussion of why there may be benefits independent of spirituality will be discussed.
T278 583710-583720 Sentence denotes Objective:
T279 583721-583861 Sentence denotes To investigate the behavioral and emotional status of the migrated children one year after they were victimized from earthquake in Wenchuan.
T280 583862-583869 Sentence denotes Method:
T281 583870-584242 Sentence denotes Using Achenback Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC), we investigated the behavioral, anxious and depressive dimensions of 513 victimized children as pupils studying in Rizhao, Shandong province ,to which they were migrated from Wenchuan, Sichuan province.
T282 584243-584340 Sentence denotes The controls were local children (n=475) coming from the same schools as the victimized subjects.
T283 584341-584349 Sentence denotes Results:
T284 584350-584396 Sentence denotes We got 487 answered files that were validated.
T285 584397-584748 Sentence denotes There were significant differences between the victimized and migrated children and the local children in CBCl's total scores, and its withdrawal, somatization complaining and anxiety-depression scores, as well as its factors such as social problem, attentional problem, attack behavior, internalizing behavior, social communication and school scores.
T286 584749-584943 Sentence denotes On the SCARED and DSRSC, the two groups were significantly different in total scores of anxiety and depression as well as in such factors as somatization, generalized anxiety, separated anxiety.
T287 584944-584955 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T288 584956-585210 Sentence denotes Though migrated out of the earthquake area, the victimised children still suffer obviously from behavioral problems, and anxious and depressive emotion one year after the earthquake, making it necessary to continue psycho-behavioral intervention in them.
T289 585211-585274 Sentence denotes Key words: earthquake; children; behavior; anxiety; depression.
T290 585275-585381 Sentence denotes Kurume University, Kurume, Japan; 2 Kurume University, Kurume, Japan and 3 Beppu University, Beppu, Japan.
T291 585382-585393 Sentence denotes Background:
T292 585394-585534 Sentence denotes Pressman (2005) found that high levels of momentary or experiences of loneliness were associated with elevated morning and evening cortisol.
T293 585535-585675 Sentence denotes Recently, it is thought that the salivary cortisol awakening response (CAR) can serve as a reliable marker of HPA axis to respond to stress.
T294 585676-585768 Sentence denotes The CAR is greater in people under chronic work stress and on the work day than the weekend.
T295 585769-585892 Sentence denotes We recently demonstrated that the difference on this weekday and weekends is an adequate responsiveness to adapt to stress.
T296 585893-586031 Sentence denotes However, there are no studies that investigate the relationship between the CAR and loneliness on the work days and the weekends in women.
T297 586032-586160 Sentence denotes The present study was to investigate the relationship between the CAR and loneliness on the work days and the weekends in women.
T298 586161-586169 Sentence denotes Methods:
T299 586170-586227 Sentence denotes The participants were healthy 90 women (20-50 years old).
T300 586228-586427 Sentence denotes Loneliness was evaluated using the revised UCLA loneliness scale (Russell et al., 1980) and participants were classified into high (average+1SD) (n=13) or low loneliness groups (average -1SD) (n=13).
T301 586428-586498 Sentence denotes The saliva samples were collected over the work days and the weekends.
T302 586499-586705 Sentence denotes Participants were instructed to collect saliva on six occasions each day: before sleep, immediately on awakening, 30 minutes after awakening, and then as near as possible to 10:00 am, 12:00 pm, and 3:00 pm.
T303 586706-586801 Sentence denotes Results: CAR was larger on weekends in the high loneliness group than the low loneliness group.
T304 586802-586933 Sentence denotes However, there were no significant differences in CAR on workdays between subjects with higher loneliness level and with lower one.
T305 586934-587076 Sentence denotes In addition, there were significant differences in CAR on low loneliness group between workdays and weekends but not in high loneliness group.
T306 587077-587088 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T307 587089-587159 Sentence denotes Loneliness was associated with a promoted CAR, especially on weekends.
T308 587160-587370 Sentence denotes These results indicated that the CAR and cortisol levels on high loneliness people showed no significant differences between work days and weekends due to allsotaic load that the HPA system is always activated.
T309 587371-587382 Sentence denotes Background:
T310 587383-587477 Sentence denotes It is a common stereotype, that women experience decrease in memory function during pregnancy.
T311 587478-587570 Sentence denotes Previous studies about memory changes associated with pregnancy showed inconsistent Results:
T312 587571-587688 Sentence denotes Working memory is a type of a short-term memory that is responsible for monitoring, keeping and applying information.
T313 587689-587839 Sentence denotes A decrease of working memory function may lead to unexpected mistakes, absentmindedness and as a result to anxiety stress and decrease in self-esteem.
T314 587840-587922 Sentence denotes Current research assesses the changes in working memory of healthy pregnant women.
T315 587923-588052 Sentence denotes We also evaluate the influence of other variables such as depression, sleep changes, and negative self-beliefs on working memory.
T316 588053-588075 Sentence denotes Materials and methods:
T317 588076-588158 Sentence denotes Healthy pregnant women going for routine prenatal care were enrolled in the study.
T318 588159-588221 Sentence denotes Overall 25 women were approached and agreed for participation.
T319 588222-588289 Sentence denotes Control was matched for age and consisted of 10 non-pregnant women.
T320 588290-588437 Sentence denotes Validated neurocognitive tests battery (Symbol-Digit Modalities Test and E-prime computer based test) was used to evaluate working memory function.
T321 588438-588446 Sentence denotes Results:
T322 588447-588545 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference between the groups in scores of memory encoding and retrieval.
T323 588546-588625 Sentence denotes Depression and insomnia were not associated with changes of the working memory.
T324 588626-588748 Sentence denotes Negative self-perception on Symbol-Digit Modalities Test was associated with decrease in working memory function (r=−.43).
T325 588749-588760 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T326 588761-588832 Sentence denotes We failed to prove that pregnancy causes changes in the working memory.
T327 588833-588916 Sentence denotes Self-perception reduces memory performance in both control and experimental groups.
T328 588917-589016 Sentence denotes The prevalence of overweight and obesity has reached epidemic proportions, also in the Netherlands.
T329 589017-589226 Sentence denotes Weight gain prevention interventions have shown to be feasible within the occupational health services, but are hardly being implemented by occupational physicians (OPs) due to a lack of methods and materials.
T330 589227-589350 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to 1) develop, 2) evaluate, and 3) implement a weight gain prevention guideline to be used by OPs.
T331 589351-589702 Sentence denotes Following the standard template of the Netherlands Society of Occupational Medicine and using the Intervention Mapping protocol, a draft guideline was developed based on literature, interviews with employers, OPs and employees, input from an external project group consisting of OPs and lifestyle experts, and input from independent lifestyle experts.
T332 589703-589964 Sentence denotes Based on all sources mentioned above, the developed guideline consists of clear cut recommendations for OPs to 1) advise employers to promote employees' physical activity and diet and 2) counsel employees to adopt a physically active and healthy diet behaviour.
T333 589965-590113 Sentence denotes Tools to implement recommendations consist of a minimal intervention strategy to counsel employees, and a scan to assess the obesogenic environment.
T334 590114-590191 Sentence denotes The guideline is now being evaluated in a RCT among 30 OPs and 350 employees.
T335 590192-590348 Sentence denotes If proven effective, this weight gain prevention guideline will be implemented on a larger scale within the occupational health services in the Netherlands.
T336 590349-590360 Sentence denotes Background:
T337 590361-590522 Sentence denotes Health policy in the UK and the USA supports the design of health services for people with long term conditions (LTC) to be conducive to self-management support.
T338 590523-590628 Sentence denotes The Wagner's chronic care model suggests that self-management support needs to be embedded in the system.
T339 590629-590693 Sentence denotes Coote suggests that co-production can be applied to health care.
T340 590694-590867 Sentence denotes It is a model in which true partnership is based on the active input of recipients in the provision of their own care however it is at best 'too flexible' to guide practice.
T341 590868-590873 Sentence denotes Aims:
T342 590874-591003 Sentence denotes To define the key observable behaviours that clinicians and patients require for co-productive interactions in LTC consultations.
T343 591004-591012 Sentence denotes Methods:
T344 591013-591173 Sentence denotes A convenient sample of eleven UK and US experts in self-management support and communication skills were interviewed for an hour using a semi-structured format.
T345 591174-591217 Sentence denotes The transcripts were analyzed thematically.
T346 591218-591226 Sentence denotes Results:
T347 591227-591533 Sentence denotes Clinicians and patients need to enter in a partnership, recognizing mutual expertise within a long term relationship; consultations should include discussions about self-management strategies used to develop a highly personalized solution; shared decision making should develop e.g. over health priorities.
T348 591534-591774 Sentence denotes This means negotiating an agenda, setting goals and agreeing in a followup; the development of rapport is important to engage patients in behaviour change and co-production of health requires a system that facilitates joint decision making.
T349 591775-591988 Sentence denotes The final model will help to develop a measurement tool using the Roter Interaction Analysis System to assess co-production of health in video-recordings of real life clinician-patient consultations across the UK.
T1 591989-592000 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T2 592001-592126 Sentence denotes This study adds to the understanding of clinical practices and communication behaviours in consultations for people with LTC.
T3 592127-592347 Sentence denotes The results will be submitted to a further e-Delphi consultation process with the same experts (n=11) and also a wider group of health care professionals to reach a reasonable level of agreement and to confirm the model.
T4 592348-592608 Sentence denotes The Family Health Program (FHP) was implemented across Brazil in 1994 to deliver primary healthcare services, such as diarrhea treatment and prevention, through health teams that include physicians, nurses, nurse assistants and community health workers (CHWs).
T5 592609-592702 Sentence denotes Several studies have pointed to the impacts of the FHP on improving child survival in Brazil.
T6 592703-592882 Sentence denotes Few studies, however, have examined the mechanisms underlying the successful delivery of services in the community, particularly from the perspectives of the health professionals.
T7 592883-593059 Sentence denotes The goal of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the perceptions of FHP professionals of Vespasiano, Brazil on training, workplace challenges, and practices for child health.
T8 593060-593160 Sentence denotes This cross-sectional study involved interviews with 77 professionals using a mixed-methods approach.
T9 593161-593223 Sentence denotes Data was doubleentered and analyzed in Epi Info version 3.5.1.
T10 593224-593372 Sentence denotes Open-ended responses were stratified by professional category, translated from Portuguese to English, and analyzed using a thematic coding approach.
T11 593373-593585 Sentence denotes The results show that 92% of professionals received training in their first 12 months in the program but the majority found the training was limited in quantity, content, methods of delivery, and overall quality.
T12 593586-593698 Sentence denotes Challenges in the workplace include insufficient government support, poor infrastructure, and lack of resources.
T13 593699-593883 Sentence denotes In spite of these limitations, over 70% of CHWs reported promoting important health messages to caretakers and 87% of professionals were satisfied with the FHP child diarrhea services.
T14 593884-594028 Sentence denotes In addition, the majority of professionals perceived the FHP is created for the needs of the community (83%) and is accepted by the users (81%).
T15 594029-594310 Sentence denotes Translation of this research will be important for policies and program developments to improve on the limitations and promote the strengths of the FHP in order to advance Brazil's healthcare model to address leading causes of disease among the Brazilian pediatric population Aims:
T16 594311-594473 Sentence denotes Childhood maltreatment had been considered a risk factor for psychopathology and health problems, including health complaints, health risk behaviors and diseases.
T17 594474-594543 Sentence denotes Studies usually use retrospective methodologies and clinical samples.
T18 594544-594735 Sentence denotes However, some authors have been discussing the validity of the associations these studies usually found suggesting that recall bias can explain the relation between maltreatment and symptoms.
T19 594736-594966 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to characterize current psychological and health functioning in young adults that were victims of maltreatment as children and compare the self report with official records from Child Protection Services.
T20 594967-594974 Sentence denotes Method:
T21 594975-595205 Sentence denotes Official records of 109 young adults that were identified as victims by protection services during childhood (55 female and 54 male) were compared with self-reported maltreatment history data using Childhood History Questionnaire.
T22 595206-595289 Sentence denotes Participants also filled Brief Symptoms Inventory and Rotterdam Symptoms Checklist.
T23 595290-595298 Sentence denotes Results:
T24 595299-595425 Sentence denotes Subjects that report more adverse experiences have more psychopathology (r=.48; p=.000) and health complaints (r=.36; p=.000).
T25 595426-595575 Sentence denotes Some subjects (21%) do not report any maltreatment experience, 36% report only some of the experiences they were victims and 44% do accurate reports.
T26 595576-595720 Sentence denotes These groups are not different in relation to psychopathology (F(2, 104) = .618; p=.541) or health complaints (χ2(2) = 4.40; p=.111) Conclusion:
T27 595721-595874 Sentence denotes Self-report false negatives for adverse childhood experiences are very high and most of the subject's don't report all the experiences they were victims.
T28 595875-596181 Sentence denotes Some authors had suggested that the relation between reported childhood experiences and symptoms could be interpreted as a record bias for participants that are symptomatic in the evaluation moment, but this data does not confirm this hypothesis since there were no symptoms differences between the groups.
T29 596182-596294 Sentence denotes Reasons for not report and relation between adversity and health should be better understood in future research.
T30 596295-596412 Sentence denotes Research documents the impact of social environments on health related communication and behavior, and actual health.
T31 596413-596631 Sentence denotes However, one aspect of the environment along with its related area of scientific investigation and professional application, all with clear implications for health issues, has received less attention than is warranted.
T32 596632-596787 Sentence denotes Specifically, we are referring to Interpersonal conflict as described by Contemporary Social Conflict Theory (CSCT), which is not well known or understood.
T33 596788-596872 Sentence denotes The result is that Its implications for health issues are underestimated or ignored.
T34 596873-597017 Sentence denotes Conventional views equate conflict with behavior (arguing/fighting), view it as "bad," and advocate avoidance as a response to prevent violence.
T35 597018-597136 Sentence denotes CSCT views conflict as a cognitive process based on beliefs concerning needs and the expectations for satisfying them.
T36 597137-597256 Sentence denotes Conflict, defined as "perceived divergence of interest" is regarded as inevitable, ubiquitous and necessary for change.
T37 597257-597468 Sentence denotes For CSCT, contention (fighting) is one of five response modalities -accommodation, avoidance, compromise, and problem solvingare the other "Conflict Management Styles (CMS's), each with predictable consequences.
T38 597469-597719 Sentence denotes Conventional views of conflict limit us to consideration of the contentious CMS which has implications for health ranging from covert effects of stress from using this CMS on a regular basis to overt effects of violence that can result from this CMS.
T39 597720-597931 Sentence denotes However, other CMS's have implications for health outcomes, raising a variety of research questions, e.g., who gets better treatment, the demanding "contentious" patient or the compliant "accommodating" patient?
T40 597932-598056 Sentence denotes Does an avoidant CMS result in lessened ability to address important health care issues with family or healthcare providers?
T41 598057-598185 Sentence denotes Does a problem solving CMS result in proactive health behavior, better communication with HCP's, and higher rates of compliance?
T42 598186-598379 Sentence denotes The purpose of this poster is to explicate the principles and practices of CSCT and suggest their potential practical use -especially those involving decision making activities about treatment.
T43 598380-598388 Sentence denotes Purpose:
T44 598389-598607 Sentence denotes A mantram (sacred word) intervention has demonstrated significant reductions in PTSD symptom severity when applied as a complementary treatment for Veterans with military-related trauma compared to usual care controls.
T45 598608-598672 Sentence denotes Little is known, however, about mechanisms for this improvement.
T46 598673-598840 Sentence denotes Prior studies of the mantram intervention have demonstrated increased spiritual wellbeing (SWB) and decreased psychological distress attributable to this intervention.
T47 598841-598938 Sentence denotes Therefore, we hypothesized that increases in SWB may mediate reductions in PTSD symptom severity.
T48 598939-598947 Sentence denotes Methods:
T49 598948-599181 Sentence denotes Path analysis was conducted on data from a randomized clinical trial in which 66 Veterans with chronic military-related PTSD completed a 6-week (90-minutes/week) mantram group intervention and were compared to 70 usual care controls.
T50 599182-599277 Sentence denotes The dependent variable was the pre-to post-treatment change scores on the PTSD Checklist (PCL).
T51 599278-599396 Sentence denotes The mediator variable was the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being scale (FACIT-SWB).
T52 599397-599485 Sentence denotes The sample was 97% male; 59% Caucasian, 24% African American, 7% Hispanic and 10% other.
T53 599486-599638 Sentence denotes They ranged in age from 25 to 83 (M=57, SD=9.26), averaged 14 years (SD = 2.1) of education and experienced an average of 13 months (SD=10.0) of combat.
T54 599639-599647 Sentence denotes Results:
T55 599648-599741 Sentence denotes The hypothesis that SWB partially mediates reductions in PTSD symptom severity was supported.
T56 599742-599823 Sentence denotes The mantram intervention predicted post-treatment changes in PCL (b=3.71, p<.05).
T57 599824-600011 Sentence denotes There was a significant and positive, indirect effect in the path from the mantram intervention to SWB (b=6.37, p<.05) and a significant, negative effect from SWB to PCL (b=.32, p<.0002).
T58 600012-600086 Sentence denotes Similar results were found using the Baron and Kenny statistical approach.
T59 600087-600134 Sentence denotes The Sobel test was significant at 2.55 (p<.01).
T60 600135-600146 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T61 600147-600364 Sentence denotes Findings suggest that one potential mechanism by which the mantram intervention reduces PTSD symptom severity in Veterans is by promoting beliefs about meaning and/or purpose in life and feelings of peace and harmony.
T62 600365-600443 Sentence denotes Spiritual wellbeing may be an important factor to consider when treating PTSD.
T63 600444-600652 Sentence denotes Only recently researchers became interested in studying the physical health consequences in adulthood that result from physically abusive experiences during childhood, but now is a promising area of research.
T64 600653-600753 Sentence denotes The state of the art about the topic is quite interesting and researchers deal with many challenges.
T65 600754-600920 Sentence denotes One of them is the difficulty to establish a clear relationship between the experience of physical violence and health variables, mainly due to methodological issues.
T66 600921-601240 Sentence denotes In order to overcome this concern some epidemiological guidelines were defined, namely: major criteria (temporal relationship; biological plausibility; consistency), alternative explanations (confounding variables), other considerations (dose-response relationships; strength of association; and cessation of exposure).
T67 601241-601411 Sentence denotes Regarding these criteria, we proceeded to a systematic review of nineteen studies about the long-term physical health impact of child physical abuse in community samples.
T68 601412-601638 Sentence denotes These researches included at least one of seven health categories: sexual risk-behaviors, substance dependence, alcohol consumption, drug consumption, nicotine consumption, current general health and physical health condition.
T69 601639-601726 Sentence denotes Our review revealed that results are inconclusive and mixed for all categorical groups.
T70 601727-601960 Sentence denotes However, it seems to be a positive association between "being victim of child physical abuse" and "sexual riskbehaviors" and "alcohol consumption" in men; "physical health condition" in women; and "drug consumption" in mixed samples.
T71 601961-602100 Sentence denotes Based on our results, we cannot draw an unambiguous conclusion between these variables and therefore this issue should be further analyzed.
T72 602101-602218 Sentence denotes Sleep deprivation is a significant problem in the modern workplace and has negative consequences for employee health.
T73 602219-602479 Sentence denotes This trial assessed the effects of two mental imagery techniques, one inducing implementation intentions so as to close the intention-to-action gap in sleep promoting behaviours and the other inducing relaxation so as to reduce arousal prior to going to sleep.
T74 602480-602561 Sentence denotes We recruited 72 employees from local businesses who reported difficulty sleeping.
T75 602562-602891 Sentence denotes Following screening, randomization and a training session, they were asked to practice brief imagery exercises involving either arousal reduction imagery, implementation intention imagery (i.e., specifying context and action), a combination of the two, or imagery of their normal night routine (control) twice a day over 21 days.
T76 602892-603198 Sentence denotes They completed an online, daily diary of sleep behaviours and, at baseline and day 21, an online questionnaire that included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pre-Sleep Arousal scale, Sleep Hygiene Index, Dysfunctional Sleep Beliefs Scale, and measures of state anxiety and sleep-related planning.
T77 603199-603492 Sentence denotes Repeated measures ANOVAs showed that, relative to the groups not using implementation intention imagery, the implementation intention groups had a greater reduction in negative sleep habits (p<.01) and greater improvements in the sleep-related actions targeted in the imagery exercise (p<.01).
T78 603493-603724 Sentence denotes Increases in sleep motivation (p<.001) and response efficacy for sleep behaviours (p<.001) were found across all groups, along with decreases in anxiety (p<.001), dysfunctional sleep beliefs (p<.001) and pre-sleep arousal (p<.001).
T79 603725-603864 Sentence denotes Improvement in all groups was also shown for total PSQI scores (p<.001) and level of detail in plans for positive sleep behaviour (p<.001).
T80 603865-604091 Sentence denotes Mixed modeling analyses of the daily data indicated that those using implementation intention imagery had faster times of falling asleep (p<.01) and earlier times of lights out (p<.01) compared to those not using this imagery.
T81 604092-604247 Sentence denotes These brief, low-cost techniques appear to provide a promising alternative to the use of medication for the improvement of sleep in the general population.
T82 604248-604350 Sentence denotes The National Centre for Occupational rehabilitation, Rauland, Norway and 2 Uni Health, Bergen, Norway.
T83 604351-604450 Sentence denotes Background: RTW is a complex process, where the individual may be in multiple and recurrent states.
T84 604451-604605 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to describe the evolving RTW-process in a 5-year follow-up period after a 4-weeks inpatient occupational rehabilitation program.
T85 604606-604614 Sentence denotes Methods:
T86 604615-604811 Sentence denotes The sample consisted of 584 patients (66% females, mean age 44 years [sd=9.3], long-term sick-listed; mean duration 9.3 months [sd=3.4] for psychological (47%) and musculoskeletal (46%) diagnosis.
T87 604812-604923 Sentence denotes Register data from The National Insurance Administration in Norway over a 5-year follow-up period was analysed.
T88 604924-605157 Sentence denotes Outcome was measured in an 8 state-model: working, part-time sick-listed, sick-listed, medical rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, part-time disability pension, time-limited disability pension and permanent disability pension.
T89 605158-605284 Sentence denotes Extended statistical tools for multistate models were used to calculate transition probabilities between the different states.
T90 605285-605293 Sentence denotes Results:
T91 605294-605492 Sentence denotes During the 5-year follow-up period the patients had on average 4.6 [range [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] shifts between the 8 different states.
T92 605493-605734 Sentence denotes During the first 30 days after rehabilitation 9% returned to full time work, 23% were graded sick-listed, 45% were full-time sicklisted, 15% were on medical rehabilitation, 6% on vocational rehabilitation and 2% on graded disability pension.
T93 605735-605995 Sentence denotes After 5 years 58% had returned to full-time work, 0% was sick-listed or on medical rehabilitation, 10% were on vocational rehabilitation, 14% on part-time disability pension, 5 % on time-limited disability pension and 13% received permanent disability pension.
T94 605996-606008 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T95 606009-606083 Sentence denotes The RTW-process for long-term sick-listed individuals is long and complex.
T96 606084-606206 Sentence denotes Despite poor RTW during the first 30 days after occupational rehabilitation, the long-term RTWprospects seem advantageous.
T97 606207-606367 Sentence denotes It is of interest to examine what role environmental and legal system factors and of the work-place and health-care providers play in this prolonged RTW-course.
T98 606368-606552 Sentence denotes Background: the influence of self-efficacy in the RTW process has been emphasized; however, a comprehensive understanding of the role of self-efficacy on RTW behavior is still lacking.
T99 606553-606681 Sentence denotes Aim of the study is to investigate the association between self-efficacy for RTW (SERTW) and: a. the intention to change, and b.
T100 606682-606770 Sentence denotes RTW status, in a cohort of injured workers with work-related musculoskeletal conditions.
T101 606771-606779 Sentence denotes Methods:
T102 606780-606906 Sentence denotes A baseline telephone interview was conducted in 632 claimants one-month post-injury and 446 claimants (six-month post-injury).
T103 606907-607042 Sentence denotes Return-to-Work Self-Efficacy (RTWSE) was measured with a validated questionnaire consisting of three subscales: RTWSE with regard to 1.
T104 607043-607071 Sentence denotes Controlling pain at work; 2.
T105 607072-607109 Sentence denotes Obtaining help from supervisor and 3.
T106 607110-607141 Sentence denotes Obtaining help from co-workers.
T107 607142-607321 Sentence denotes Intention to change was assessed with the validated Readiness for Return-To-Work (RRTW) Scale, reflecting closely the five stages described in the Readiness for RTW model [1, 3] .
T108 607322-607455 Sentence denotes RTW status was measured based on the workers' responses to the question whether they returned to work at one-and six-month follow-up.
T109 607456-607591 Sentence denotes ANOVA tests were conducted to compare relationships for each of the three RTWSE subscales with the stages of change and the RTW status.
T110 607592-607765 Sentence denotes Results: with regard to intention to change all univariate F-tests were significant at both measures in time, except for the co-worker RTWSE subscale at one-month follow-up.
T111 607766-607944 Sentence denotes RTWSE is at its peak in workers who are actively preparing to return to work, however, it decreases significantly for people who start working again on all three RTWSE subscales.
T112 607945-608067 Sentence denotes Comparing RTWSE with RTW status significant differences were found only for the Pain SERTW subscale at both time measures.
T113 608068-608174 Sentence denotes Workers who returned to work showed higher Pain RTWSE scores compared to those who were still sick-listed.
T114 608175-608343 Sentence denotes Conclusion: a strong association between SE-RTW and Readiness for RTW stages was found, however the association between SE-RTW and RTW status was only strong for RTWSE.
T115 608344-608525 Sentence denotes Our findings suggest that self-efficacy is more strongly associated with intention/motivation for the behavior (internalized processes of behaviour), than strictly behavioural ones.
T116 608526-608534 Sentence denotes Message:
T117 608535-608537 Sentence denotes 1.
T118 608538-608663 Sentence denotes Self-efficacy for RTW is significantly associated to the intention to change but not to the actual behavior, i.e. RTW status.
T119 608664-608666 Sentence denotes 2.
T120 608667-608718 Sentence denotes Self-efficacy for RTW changes over time during RTW.
T121 608719-608864 Sentence denotes It is at its peak in workers who are actively preparing to return to work, however it decreases significantly for people who start working again.
T122 608865-608867 Sentence denotes 3.
T123 608868-609014 Sentence denotes Our findings suggest that self-efficacy is more strongly associated with intention or motivation for the behavior, than strictly behavioural ones.
T124 609015-609026 Sentence denotes Background:
T125 609027-609100 Sentence denotes Smoking and work disability are major public health and welfare problems.
T126 609101-609257 Sentence denotes The health consequences of smoking are well-documented but less is known about the independent effect of smoking on disability pension of various diagnoses.
T127 609258-609393 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to examine the impact of smoking on subsequent disability pensions among middle-aged public sector employees.
T128 609394-609402 Sentence denotes Methods:
T129 609403-609518 Sentence denotes Baseline survey was collected in 2000-2002 among middle-aged employees of the City of Helsinki (n=6373, 80% women).
T130 609519-609675 Sentence denotes Data on disability pensions were obtained from the Finnish Centre for Pensions (2000) (2001) (2002) (2003) (2004) and were linked to the questionnaire data.
T131 609676-609764 Sentence denotes Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for disability pension.
T132 609765-609933 Sentence denotes To examine the independent effect of smoking age, socioeconomic position, working conditions, alcohol drinking, physical activity and body mass index were adjusted for.
T133 609934-609942 Sentence denotes Results:
T134 609943-610010 Sentence denotes There were 232 (4%) disability pension events during the follow-up.
T135 610011-610105 Sentence denotes Age adjusted smoking strongly predicted disability pensions (HRs 1.5-1.6) among women and men.
T136 610106-610177 Sentence denotes Risk for disability pension increased with number of smoked cigarettes.
T137 610178-610266 Sentence denotes Especially strong was the effect among those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day.
T138 610267-610331 Sentence denotes Adjusting for confounders attenuated the effect but it remained.
T139 610332-610407 Sentence denotes To support employees quitting smoking may prevent work disability pensions.
T140 610408-610419 Sentence denotes Background:
T141 610420-610508 Sentence denotes Refugees are at a dramatically increased risk to suffer from mental & somatic disorders.
T142 610509-610557 Sentence denotes Research has focused on pre-displacement trauma.
T143 610558-610646 Sentence denotes However, many refugees find themselves unemployed or underemployed in their new country.
T144 610647-610718 Sentence denotes Employment is known to be critical for social integration & well-being.
T145 610719-610834 Sentence denotes This study focuses on the relationship between postdisplacement skills utilization among Iraqi refugees and health.
T146 610835-610847 Sentence denotes Methodology:
T147 610848-610945 Sentence denotes Iraqis throughout the world were contacted using web-pages commonly used by Iraqis and by emails.
T148 610946-611035 Sentence denotes Inclusion criteria were bachelor or above and having left Iraq as refugees 1990 or later.
T149 611036-611273 Sentence denotes Potential participants were referred to a Monkey Survey Link, & following consenting to the study, they responded to a survey with 34 questions concerning socio-demographic, employment, stress, psychosomatic, mental & somatic complaints.
T150 611274-611517 Sentence denotes All respondents (n=408) were classified according to employment status; Unemployed (G1, 42% of total), Professional working at their skills level (G2, 27%), & Professionals working below their skills level (G3, 31%), representing 65 countries.
T151 611518-611562 Sentence denotes Significant group differences are presented.
T152 611563-611590 Sentence denotes WSU HIC approved the study.
T153 611591-611599 Sentence denotes Results:
T154 611600-611718 Sentence denotes Participants in the G1 group rated their health the highest (Excellent to Good, 69%), versus 80% in G3, and 86% in G2.
T155 611719-611848 Sentence denotes Stress, sleep difficulties, depression and psychosomatic symptoms were the highest in G1, intermediate in G3, & the lowest in G2.
T156 611849-611921 Sentence denotes 90% of G2 enjoyed their work significantly more as compared to G3 (10%).
T157 611922-612044 Sentence denotes The major barriers to getting a job were: language, financial limitation for training, & insufficient professional skills.
T158 612045-612142 Sentence denotes Logistic regressions showed that G1 rated their health better versus unemployed (OR 2.6; 95% C.I.
T159 612143-612152 Sentence denotes 1.4-5.2).
T160 612153-612197 Sentence denotes There were no differences between G2 and G3.
T161 612198-612210 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T162 612211-612333 Sentence denotes Professional refugees allowed working at their skills level, fair better than underemployed following forced displacement.
T163 612334-612379 Sentence denotes Results have implications for refugee policy.
T164 612380-612391 Sentence denotes Background:
T165 612392-612499 Sentence denotes Diverging return to work (RTW) interventions can be found in literature, designed for specific populations.
T166 612500-612666 Sentence denotes However, no such intervention exists for patients with acute hand injuries, while these injuries can be devastating and severely influence a person's ability to work.
T167 612667-612795 Sentence denotes Regular rehabilitation interventions' focus is on functional recovery of the hand, including tasks necessary to perform the job.
T168 612796-612871 Sentence denotes However, also psychosocial and work-related factors influence RTW strongly.
T169 612872-613009 Sentence denotes Therefore, we developed a psychosocial intervention for patients with acute hand injuries, aimed at to facilitate RTW in this population.
T170 613010-613018 Sentence denotes Methods:
T171 613019-613267 Sentence denotes A combination of qualitative research techniques was used, comprising a mixture of literature study, survey, individual and focus group interviews with patients, rehabilitation practitioners and work counseling experts, and translation methodology.
T172 613268-613276 Sentence denotes Results:
T173 613277-613350 Sentence denotes Some preliminary ideas about the nature of the intervention came to fore.
T174 613351-613379 Sentence denotes The RTW intervention should:
T175 613380-613608 Sentence denotes 1) take into account the acute character of the injury; 2) be short of duration; 3) be non-invasive, as most patients do not consider themselves sick; 4) be aimed at RTW; 5) reduce costs and therefore group sessions are favored.
T176 613609-613680 Sentence denotes Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT) met most of the aforementioned criteria.
T177 613681-613846 Sentence denotes However, as SFT originates in family therapy, its principles and practices had to be translated to the problems of patients with acute hand injuries targeted on RTW.
T178 613847-614066 Sentence denotes SFT therapists use a number of specific questioning techniques that invite clients to co-construct a vision of a preferred future and draw on their past successes, strengths, and resources to make that vision a reality.
T179 614067-614167 Sentence denotes Examples of questioning techniques are the miracle question, scaling questions and coping questions.
T180 614168-614301 Sentence denotes The SFT treatment ingredients were incorporated in a new intervention, consisting of one individual meeting, and four group meetings.
T181 614302-614363 Sentence denotes In every group meeting one topic is discussed in a SF manner.
T182 614364-614375 Sentence denotes Background:
T183 614376-614542 Sentence denotes The association between organizational justice and workplace bullying has not yet been investigated, while the workplace atmosphere is supposed to responsible for it.
T184 614543-614798 Sentence denotes The objective of the study was to explore the crosssectional association of organizational justice, as well as job strain (the ratio of job demands to job control) and effortreward imbalance, with workplace bullying in a sample of civil servants in Japan.
T185 614799-614807 Sentence denotes Methods:
T186 614808-614938 Sentence denotes The study sample consisted of 807 males and 735 females of the civil servants in the Kanto region in Japan (response rate, 46.7%).
T187 614939-615369 Sentence denotes They were asked to fill in a selfadministered questionnaire including scales of workplace bullying, organizational justice (interactional justice and procedure justice), job demands and job control, effortreward imbalance (ERI), supervisor and coworker support, and other covariates (sex, age, marital status, occupational status, employment contract, work shift, overtime in the past month, unit size, and sex ratio of the unit).
T188 615370-615570 Sentence denotes Workplace bullying was measured by the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised, and was defined as those experiencing at least one of 22 negative acts weekly or more frequently during the past six months.
T189 615571-615632 Sentence denotes Each job stressor variable was categorized into the tertiles.
T190 615633-615825 Sentence denotes Odds ratio of workplace bullying associated with each job stressor was estimated by using logistic regression analysis, using the lowest tertile as the reference, adjusting for the covariates.
T191 615826-615834 Sentence denotes Results:
T192 615835-616047 Sentence denotes After adjustment for the covariates, high interactional justice (odds ratio 0.23, 95%Cl 0.14-0.39) and high procedure justice (odds ratio 0.21, 95%Cl 0.13-0.34) were negatively associated with workplace bullying.
T193 616048-616236 Sentence denotes High job strain, high effortreward imbalance, low supervisor support, and low coworker support were also significantly associated with workplace bullying in an expected direction (p<0.05).
T194 616237-616248 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T195 616249-616350 Sentence denotes Low organizational justice may be a risk factor for workplace bullying among Japanese civil servants.
T196 616351-616460 Sentence denotes The study also confirmed that job strain, ERI, and low worksite social support were associated with bullying.
T197 616461-616849 Sentence denotes To investigate 1) whether socioeconomic state such as income, education attainment, and occupational class are associated with employees' depression, and 2) whether occupational stress would explain the associations in Japanese working populations, we developed a cohort of employees of 3 different manufacturing workplaces and sent a self-administered questionnaire as the baseline data.
T198 616850-616924 Sentence denotes A total of 3767 employees responded to the survey (response rates 75-96%).
T199 616925-617170 Sentence denotes Associations of income level (lower or higher than ¥5,000,000 of annual household income), educational attainment (lower or higher than the level of high school education) and occupational class (managerial or not) with depression were examined.
T200 617171-617383 Sentence denotes Based on a recent validation test among Japanese workers using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, depression was defined as a dichotomize variable with a cut point of the CES-D scores 19 or above.
T201 617384-617506 Sentence denotes Occupational stress was evaluated using Japanese versions of demand-control questionnaire and effort-reward questionnaire.
T202 617507-617864 Sentence denotes Using the sex-specific median values, we produced a quadrant scheme with 4 exposure categories, with low job demand and high job control representing a relax job, high job demand and high job control representing an active job, low job demand and low job control representing a passive job, and high job demand and low job control representing a strain job.
T203 617865-618039 Sentence denotes According to Siegrist, we defined a ratio of the scales 'effort' and 'rewards', weighted for number of items where a value>1 as the critical 'high cost / low gain' condition.
T204 618040-618162 Sentence denotes Univariate analyses showed that depression was prevalent among the lower socioeconomic groups than the counterpart groups.
T205 618163-618325 Sentence denotes Strain and passive jobs were prevalent among lower socioeconomic groups, whereas effort-reward imbalance tended to be prevalent among higher socioeconomic groups.
T206 618326-618497 Sentence denotes Multivariate analyses revealed that socioeconomic indices were not associated with depression but the occupational stressors were significantly associated with depression.
T207 618498-618636 Sentence denotes The association between occupational class and depression appeared to be explained by occupational stress, in particular, low job control.
T208 618637-618808 Sentence denotes In conclusion, the current cross-sectional analyses in our Japanese sample did not reveal independent associations between socioeconomic state of interests and depression.
T209 618809-618955 Sentence denotes Although the two occupational stressors were associated with socioeconomic indices differently, they were consistently associated with depression.
T210 618956-618967 Sentence denotes Background:
T211 618968-619051 Sentence denotes There is increasing evidence that chronic diseases are associated with work stress.
T212 619052-619184 Sentence denotes The mechanisms underlying these associations remain porly understood, but disturbances in cardiac autonomic control may be involved.
T213 619185-619190 Sentence denotes Aims:
T214 619191-619334 Sentence denotes To investigate associations between work stress, in terms of job strain and job control, and heart rate variability (HRV) over the working day.
T215 619335-619343 Sentence denotes Methods:
T216 619344-619520 Sentence denotes Job strain and control was measured by the Whitehall II Study job strain questionnaire, which was developed to test Karasek's job strain hypothesis of the demand-control model.
T217 619521-619662 Sentence denotes HRV was measured using spectral analysis from Actiheart recordings obtained over the working day from 169 women working in Budapest, Hungary.
T218 619663-619671 Sentence denotes Results:
T219 619672-619920 Sentence denotes Linear regression analysis adjusted for age, educational level, BMI, social support, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep quality, working hours was used to determine the relation between job strain and job control and HRV.
T220 619921-620149 Sentence denotes We found a significant positive relationship between job control and high frequency to low frequency ratio (HF/LF ratio) adjusted for covariates (p < 0.05) and a positive tendency with high frequency power during work (p < 0.1).
T221 620150-620258 Sentence denotes Heart rate variability (high frequency power) after work was negatively associated with job strain (p<0,05).
T222 620259-620271 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T223 620272-620455 Sentence denotes The results suggest that low job control and high job strain may contribute to the development of chronic disease through the dysregulation of highly integrated physiological systems.
T224 620456-620655 Sentence denotes The findings implicate autonomic deregulation under job strain conditions, providing a powerful explanation of heart disease, as well a potential explanation of other stress-related chronic diseases.
T225 620656-620822 Sentence denotes However, further studies are needed to explicitly demonstrate how the cardiac regulation measured by HRV serves as the cardiovascular disease pathway for work stress.
T226 620823-620834 Sentence denotes Background:
T227 620835-620902 Sentence denotes Nurses are frequently exposed to work-related stressful situations.
T228 620903-620997 Sentence denotes This often makes it difficult for hospitals to recruit nurses and to retain experienced staff.
T229 620998-621165 Sentence denotes Current research has found that new nurses may be particularly vulnerable to job stress, and that stress levels among nurses are inversely related to job satisfaction.
T230 621166-621174 Sentence denotes Purpose:
T231 621175-621408 Sentence denotes To determine if nurse resident's (NRs) sense of group cohesion and organizational commitment serve as protective factors against the negative effects of preexisting trauma and current stress on job satisfaction, burnout, and fatigue.
T232 621409-621417 Sentence denotes Methods:
T233 621418-621559 Sentence denotes A longitudinal study of 178 nurse residents (15 male, 163 female) from Childrens Hospital Los Angeles was conducted across three time points.
T234 621560-621737 Sentence denotes Levels of preexisting trauma, current stress, compassion satisfaction, burnout, compassion fatigue, job satisfaction, group cohesion and organizational commitment were measured.
T235 621738-622057 Sentence denotes A range of regression models was developed to examine the relationships between the predictor variables (pre-existing stress and current stress), the moderating variables (group cohesion and organizational commitment), and outcome variables of interest (job satisfaction, fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction).
T236 622058-622066 Sentence denotes Results:
T237 622067-622226 Sentence denotes Higher organizational commitment scores provided a 'protective' effect against pre-existing trauma with respect to compassion satisfaction (R 2 =.35, p<.0001).
T238 622227-622530 Sentence denotes Group cohesion was found to be a predictor of job satisfaction, and was found to have protective effects for job satisfaction from pre-existing trauma and current stress (R 2 =.25, p<.0001); it also provided direct 'protection' against burnout, which was affected by current stress (R 2 =.24, p<0.0001).
T239 622531-622673 Sentence denotes Pre-existing trauma was a strong predictor of fatigue, and accounted for 50% of observed variance in fatigue scores with (R 2 =.50, p<0.0001).
T240 622674-622685 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T241 622686-622866 Sentence denotes Results from the study suggest that group cohesion and organizational commitment serve as protective factors against the negative effects of pre-existing trauma and current stress.
T242 622867-623028 Sentence denotes The findings have implications for hospital-based interventions structured to address nurse stress, while enhancing group cohesion and organizational commitment.
T243 623029-623142 Sentence denotes Nursing, Chang Gung Institiute of Technology, Tao-yuan, Taiwan and 2 Nursing, Li Shin Hospital, Tao-yuan, Taiwan.
T244 623143-623309 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of empowering in-service training program on health care problems among nurse aides in long term care facilities.
T245 623310-623362 Sentence denotes A non-equivalent control group design was conducted.
T246 623363-623396 Sentence denotes Purposeful sampling was employed.
T247 623397-623515 Sentence denotes A total of 104 nurse aides subjects were recruited from Tao-yuan area, and divided to experimental and control groups.
T248 623516-623729 Sentence denotes The empowering inservice training program involved the curriculum content which include the cognition of workplace difficulties, social interaction and communicates, the pressure manages and refuses technique etc.
T249 623730-623890 Sentence denotes Both experimental and control groups took pre-test as baseline, and only the experimental group obtained 6-weeks classes regarding to the prevention of smoking.
T250 623891-624021 Sentence denotes The experimental group took post-test immediately after intervention in order to evaluate the instant effect of teaching programs.
T251 624022-624083 Sentence denotes Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and t-test.
T252 624084-624118 Sentence denotes The results showed as following:1.
T253 624119-624256 Sentence denotes In the task pressure part, there was a significance difference in experimental group after the empowering in-service training program; 2.
T254 624257-624416 Sentence denotes In the effect of job satisfaction aspect, the average scores had increased but there was no significant statistical significance after the training program; 3.
T255 624417-624650 Sentence denotes From the quality of working life perspective, the average scores had increased but there was no significant statistical significance after the training program, however, there was a significant clinic explanation on the intervention.
T256 624651-624815 Sentence denotes These results could provider information as supplementary for aboriginal nurse aids in-service in long-term care facilities, and to increase their job satisfaction.
T257 624816-625003 Sentence denotes Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; 2 School of Psychological Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan and Objective:
T258 625004-625145 Sentence denotes To examine a possible relationship between obesity, job stress, eating behavior, physical activity, and social skill in Japanese part-timers.
T259 625146-625153 Sentence denotes Method:
T260 625154-625625 Sentence denotes Questionnaires on job stress (Brief Job Stress Questionnaire; Shimomitsu et al., 1998) , eating behavior (Eating Behavior Scale; Sakata, 1997), self-efficacy in controlling situational appetite (Situational Appetite Measure; Shimai et al., 2000) , physical activity (Physical Activity Assessment Scale; Wakui & Suzuki, 1997) , and social skill (W-KiSS-16; Tanaka, 2007) were conducted with 254 part-timers aged 19-72 years (46.96±11.41 years) in a food industry in Japan.
T261 625626-625879 Sentence denotes The relation between obesity, job stress, eating behavior, physical activity and social skills were analyzed between 52 obese subjects (BMI≥25.0 kg/m2), 185 normal range subjects (18.5 kg/m2≤BMI<25.0 kg/m2), and 17 underweight subjects (BMI<18.5 kg/m2).
T262 625880-625968 Sentence denotes Statistical analyses included correlation analysis and multivariate regression analysis.
T263 625969-625976 Sentence denotes Result:
T264 625977-626315 Sentence denotes In Obese subjects, eating behavior was significantly associated with job stress response of physical stress response (β=.42, p<.001), self-efficacy in controlling situational appetite of reward (β=−.37, p<.01), relax (β=−.25, p<.05), and physical activity was significantly associated with job stress response of fatigue (β=−.46, p<.001).
T265 626316-626723 Sentence denotes In normal range subjects, eating behavior was significantly associated with job stress response of physical stress response (β=.17, p<.01), self-efficacy in controlling situational appetite of negative feeling (β=−.23, p<.01), relax (β=−.30, p<.001), and physical activity was significantly associated with job stress factor of qualitative workload (β=.16, p<.05), family and friend support (β=−.19, p<.05).
T266 626724-626735 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T267 626736-626835 Sentence denotes The present study suggests that obese part-timers tend to be in a stressful state in the workplace.
T268 626836-626901 Sentence denotes Such stressful conditions may eat much and contribute to obesity.
T269 626902-627010 Sentence denotes Stress management might be necessary in workplace for prevention and treatment of obesity among part-timers.
T270 627011-627022 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T271 627023-627150 Sentence denotes During six years from 2003 to 2008, the number of employees of information services increased from 567,000 to 858,000 in Japan.
T272 627151-627211 Sentence denotes Their health problems have increased over the last 10 years.
T273 627212-627407 Sentence denotes In the information services, it was reported that the stress factors of their work environment was associated with their health than their personal relationships on business and their life event.
T274 627408-627588 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to identify the association between the level of fatigue accumulation and the working conditions in Japanese system engineers of information services.
T275 627589-627597 Sentence denotes Methods:
T276 627598-627706 Sentence denotes We conducted an anonymous self-report questionnaire in 160 system engineers of information services in 2008.
T277 627707-627829 Sentence denotes A checklist of the level of fatigue accumulation developed by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan was used.
T278 627830-627967 Sentence denotes Items of questionnaire were degree of a burden of working hours, work contents, eye strains, sleeping hours and situations of daily life.
T279 627968-628045 Sentence denotes A description of entry by voluntary agreement was attached to questionnaires.
T280 628046-628127 Sentence denotes We obtained approval from respondents because of submitting their questionnaires.
T281 628128-628136 Sentence denotes Results:
T282 628137-628183 Sentence denotes Responses were obtained from 120 people (75%).
T283 628184-628259 Sentence denotes One hundred (83%) people for men and they had most 30 s in 59 people (49%).
T284 628260-628346 Sentence denotes The number of people with 45 hours or more overtime work in month was 26 people (22%).
T285 628347-628459 Sentence denotes The number of low risk group of fatigue accumulation was 53 people (44%) and highrisk group was 67 people (56%).
T286 628460-628633 Sentence denotes The high risk group had a significantly higher percentage of 60 minutes or more of commuting time, seconded staff and 45 hours or more of overtime hours than low risk group.
T287 628634-628929 Sentence denotes The high risk group had a significantly higher percentage of the burdens in working hours, amount of work, difficulty of work, time pressure on the appointed date of delivery, troubles after the delivery of the order, communication problems, uncomfortable setting, eyes or neck pain and fatigue.
T288 628930-628941 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T289 628942-629061 Sentence denotes This study revealed that the level of fatigue accumulation of Japanese system engineers related their work environment.
T290 629062-629249 Sentence denotes It was suggested that nurses in business setting need to approach the level of fatigue accumulation depending on characteristics of the work condition and environment of system engineers.
T291 629250-629261 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T292 629262-629414 Sentence denotes The aim of this longitudinal study is to evaluate wellness effects of a tailored problem solving process intervention program for health care employees.
T293 629415-629423 Sentence denotes Methods:
T294 629424-629701 Sentence denotes Socio demographic variables, work conditions, higher order goal facilitation as well as health related outcomes were assessed from the experimental group (N=461) as from the control group (N=246; Total: N=707) at a first measurement moment (T1) and a second T2 (3 years later).
T295 629702-629825 Sentence denotes Regression analyses were used to explore the changes between T1 and T2 and the effects on health related outcome variables.
T296 629826-629834 Sentence denotes Results:
T297 629835-630009 Sentence denotes Generally, the results indicate that positive changes in work conditions and higher order goals significantly affect health and wellbeing of health care employees positively.
T298 630010-630125 Sentence denotes The effects are stronger in the experimental health care centres compared to the effects in the total sample group.
T299 630126-630130 Sentence denotes S194
T300 630131-630137 Sentence denotes Int.J.
T301 630138-630144 Sentence denotes Behav.
T302 630145-630176 Sentence denotes Med. (2010) 17(Suppl 1):S1-S329
T303 630177-630189 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T304 630190-630475 Sentence denotes These findings suggest that a tailored problem solving process intervention based on motivational regulation techniques, such as goal setting, action planning and training in communication-and cooperation skills positively affect quality of work and wellbeing in health care employees.
T305 630476-630547 Sentence denotes Recovery from work stress is crucial to avoid stress-related illhealth.
T306 630548-630800 Sentence denotes The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate whether processes that prolong the mental exposure to work stressors, e.g. overcommitment (OC), along with psychosocial work conditions, predicts fatigue and poor next-day recovery six months later.
T307 630801-630911 Sentence denotes 160 women working in dental care completed selfratings in questionnaires at two time points, six months apart.
T308 630912-631050 Sentence denotes Psychosocial work conditions and OC were used to predict fatigue and poor next-day recovery respectively, in multiple regression analyses.
T309 631051-631176 Sentence denotes Results show that having children living at home, high job demands and high OC were associated with fatigue six months later.
T310 631177-631263 Sentence denotes Job demands and OC, but not having children at home, predicted poor next-day recovery.
T311 631264-631434 Sentence denotes Sobel's test and bootstrapping procedure indicated that OC partly mediated the relationship between job demands and fatigue and between job demands and next-day recovery.
T312 631435-631664 Sentence denotes These findings highlight the importance of considering OC, e.g. inability towithdraw from work, in relation to fatigue and recovery from work and that such factors should be included in interventions targeting workrelated stress.
T313 631665-631778 Sentence denotes RN/LPN reported less job strain overall (7 out of 85 nurses), limiting the power to detect potential disparities.
T314 631779-631859 Sentence denotes There were no differences regarding social support at work in either occupation.
T315 631860-631956 Sentence denotes Conclusion: NHB nurses, compared to NHW nurses, were six times more likely to report job strain.
T316 631957-631989 Sentence denotes The effect was higher among CNA.
T317 631990-632152 Sentence denotes There are several possible reasons for these differences, including confounding by an unmeasured variable such as skill level or differential self-report by race.
T318 632153-632282 Sentence denotes These differences may also reflect unmeasured organizational and interpersonal behaviors, including discrimination based on race.
T319 632283-632397 Sentence denotes Further research should consider these alternative explanations for racial disparities in selfreported job strain.
T320 632398-632486 Sentence denotes Following the first screening, 92 men and 63 women were determined as highly depressive.
T321 632487-632575 Sentence denotes Among them, 87 men and 63 women were interviewed using CIDI-SS-RR as a second screening.
T322 632576-632662 Sentence denotes Finally, 20 men and 12 women were detected as ones to be recommended for medical care.
T323 632663-632910 Sentence denotes Highly depressive men by the first screening were more likely to live alone (p<0.01), and had more job demand (p<0.05), more physical loads (p<0.05), less friendly work place (p<0.05), less job satisfaction (p<0.01) than non-highly depressive men.
T324 632911-633088 Sentence denotes Highly depressive women by the first screening had more job demand (p<0.05), less job control (p<0.05), and less job satisfaction (p<0.05) more than non-highly depressive women.
T325 633089-633334 Sentence denotes Men that were recommended for medical care were more likely to live alone (p<0.05) and had more physical loads (p<0.05), less job satisfaction (p<0.01), and less friendly work place (p<0.01) than non-highly depressive men by the first screening.
T326 633335-633461 Sentence denotes Women that were recommended medical care had more job demand (p<0.05) than non-highly depressive women by the first screening.
T327 633462-633518 Sentence denotes Depressiveness of 18 men and 14 women increased in 2008.
T328 633519-633749 Sentence denotes There was the trend to increase in physical loads and decrease in work place friendship or job satisfaction among these men, and that to increase in physical loads and decrease in job control or job satisfaction among these women.
T329 633750-633761 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T330 633762-633940 Sentence denotes These results will support our previous report, in which job involved factors may relate to depressive mood of workers, and these factors may relates to increase depressive mood.
T331 633941-633952 Sentence denotes OBJECTIVES:
T332 633953-634079 Sentence denotes To examine the effect of web-based mental health check system for workers (MENTAL-ROSAI hereinafter referred to as the "M-R").
T333 634080-634260 Sentence denotes M-R provides self-check questionnaires on stress symptoms and work and lifestyle related stressors, and a computer-tailored personal report based on the check results via internet.
T334 634261-634417 Sentence denotes This study tested the effect of individually computertailored messages designed to maintain mental wellness and reduce work and lifestyle related stressors.
T335 634418-634426 Sentence denotes METHODS:
T336 634427-634844 Sentence denotes Employees of a Japanese IT company were surveyed using M-R at baseline, and 317 males, who were not under treatment for mental illness and having few depressive symptoms (CES-D<16), were randomly assigned to Group C in which the participants receive a simple report containing scores and charts only or Group M in which participants receive individually tailored stress-management messages added to the simple report.
T337 634845-635010 Sentence denotes The change in stress symptoms and work and lifestyle related stressors were examined on 206 participants who answered both 2-and 4-month follow-up surveys using M-R.
T338 635011-635150 Sentence denotes At 2-month survey, those participants exhibited higher depressive symptoms (CES-D≧16) received an additional message from a medical doctor.
T339 635151-635159 Sentence denotes RESULTS:
T340 635160-635340 Sentence denotes At 2 months, maintenance of mental wellness and improvement of lifestyle were observed in 7% more participants in the Group M, but the difference was not statistically significant.
T341 635341-635499 Sentence denotes Of those who scored over 16 on CES-D at 2 months and received a doctor's message, the CES-D score significantly decreased at 4 months in Group M only (p<.01).
T342 635500-635604 Sentence denotes Somatic stress symptoms also tended to decrease at 2 months in Group M and it maintained up to 4 months.
T343 635605-635731 Sentence denotes Significantly more participants in Group M (79%) than Group C (68%) maintained mental wellness all through 3 surveys (p<.001).
T344 635732-635806 Sentence denotes No significant change in work and lifestyle related stressor was observed.
T345 635807-635819 Sentence denotes CONCLUSIONS:
T346 635820-635957 Sentence denotes Adding tailored messages to the simple report of M-R was more effective in maintaining mental wellness and improving depressive symptoms.
T347 635958-636131 Sentence denotes However, to support improvement in work or lifestyle related stressors, complementing the concise report of M-R by extending our center's health care services may be needed.
T348 636132-636155 Sentence denotes Background and purpose.
T349 636156-636234 Sentence denotes More than thirty thousand people commit suicide in Japan every year from 1998.
T350 636235-636318 Sentence denotes Therefore, preventing suicides is one of important issues to be addressed in Japan.
T351 636319-636465 Sentence denotes Our prefectural government also launched a project of screening for depression among workers in local area from 2007 in order to prevent suicides.
T352 636466-636486 Sentence denotes Methods and Results:
T353 636487-636658 Sentence denotes For the project, we performed screening of depression for 475 male and 284 female workers, who work in some small enterprises, during their annual medical checkup in 2007.
T354 636659-636707 Sentence denotes They answered self-reported question-S196 Int.J.
T355 636708-636714 Sentence denotes Behav.
T356 636715-636938 Sentence denotes Med. (2010) 17(Suppl 1):S1-S329 naire including items screening for depression, living alone or not, work arrangement, working time, job demand, physical loads, job control, friendly work place or not, and job satisfaction.
T357 636939-637029 Sentence denotes Following the first screening, 203 men and 129 women were determined as highly depressive.
T358 637030-637119 Sentence denotes Among them, 138 men and 97 women were interviewed using CIDI-SS-RR as a second screening.
T359 637120-637206 Sentence denotes Finally, 21 men and 22 women were detected as ones to be recommended for medical care.
T360 637207-637510 Sentence denotes Highly depressive men by the first screening were more likely to live alone (p<0.05), worked longer (p<0.05), and had more job demand (p<0.01), more physical loads (p<0.01), less friendly work place (p<0.01), less job satisfaction (p<0.01), and lower job control (p<0.05) than non-highly depressive men.
T361 637511-637752 Sentence denotes Highly depressive women by the first screening were younger (p<0.05) and had more job demand (p<0.01), more physical loads (p<0.05), less friendly work place (p<0.01), and less job satisfaction (p<0.01) more than non-highly depressive women.
T362 637753-638024 Sentence denotes Men that were recommended for medical care were more likely to live alone (p<0.05) and had more job demand (p<0.01), more physical loads (p<0.05), less job satisfaction (p<0.01), and less friendly work place (p<0.01) than non-highly depressive men in the first screening.
T363 638025-638238 Sentence denotes Women that were recommended for medical care were younger (p<0.01) and had more job demand (p<0.01), more physical loads (p<0.01), and less job satisfaction than non-highly depressive women in the first screening.
T364 638239-638250 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T365 638251-638338 Sentence denotes These results suggest that job involved factors relate to a depressive mood of workers.
T366 638339-638347 Sentence denotes Results:
T367 638348-638435 Sentence denotes The majority of the ambulance workers had experienced critical incidents in their work.
T368 638436-638608 Sentence denotes Over time there was a decrease in PTSD symptoms and peritraumatic dissociation, an increase of health complaints, and a significant improvement in psychological well-being.
T369 638609-638754 Sentence denotes However, correlational analyses indicated a negative significant association between symptoms and psychological wellbeing at the two time points.
T370 638755-638941 Sentence denotes The predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder were traumatic incident-related, peritraumatic dissociation, psychological distress and subjective health complaints at both assessments.
T371 638942-638954 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T372 638955-639044 Sentence denotes Ambulance personnel are at risk to develop health symptoms due to work related stressors.
T373 639045-639184 Sentence denotes However, the results suggest that shifts in symptomatology may be associated with the time of the year in which the assessments took place.
T374 639185-639299 Sentence denotes Further research should explore whether these symptoms increase in peak times of critical incidents over the year.
T375 639300-639413 Sentence denotes Poor or insufficient sleep is a risk factor of accidents and several illnesses including cardiovascular diseases.
T376 639414-639508 Sentence denotes We aimed to clarify aspects of shift arrangements which are important for sleep in shift work.
T377 639509-639604 Sentence denotes The participants were 305 (248 men) aged 25-60 yrs. shift workers in a Finnish airline company.
T378 639605-639695 Sentence denotes Sleep length, insomnia symptoms and work arrangements were self-rated by the participants.
T379 639696-640134 Sentence denotes The considered aspects of shifts were: frequency of night shifts, the number of consecutive night shifts, mean and the maximum shift length, frequency of shifts starting before 06:00, quick returns (less than 11 hours between shifts), less than 28 hours of free time after the last nigh shift, a single free day between shift periods, and the regularity of shift system with a question on the direction of rotation (backward vs. forward).
T380 640135-640306 Sentence denotes Sex and age were included as covariates in all analyses and additional adjustments were done for education and health habits (alcohol use, physical activity, and smoking).
T1 640307-640473 Sentence denotes The number of years in shift work and possibility to influence the shift schedule were significant predictors of insomnia (p<.001) but were unrelated to sleep length.
T2 640474-640662 Sentence denotes Insomnia was related to a high number of consecutive night shifts (p=.006), less than 28 hours of free time after the last nigh shift (p=.013), and backward rotating shift system (p=.019).
T3 640663-640867 Sentence denotes Shorter sleep was associated with early starting morning shifts (p=.030) and a high number of single free days between two shift periods (p=.047) and marginally with the maximum length of shift (p =.067).
T4 640868-640984 Sentence denotes Quick returns and early morning shifts were marginally significantly associated with insomnia (p-values .091, .069).
T5 640985-641065 Sentence denotes Additional adjustments for education and life habits did not change the Results:
T6 641066-641273 Sentence denotes The present results suggest that the sleep of shift workers would benefit from employee control over working times and shift systems that properly take into account the extra need for recovery in shift work.
T7 641274-641285 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T8 641286-641437 Sentence denotes Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) has been adopted to assess psychosocial work environment according to the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) model.
T9 641438-641550 Sentence denotes Meanwhile, for instance, the Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire (DCSQ) is also used in Scandinavian countries.
T10 641551-641674 Sentence denotes We translated it into Japanese, i.e., the Japanese-translated DCSQ (J-DCSQ), and investigated its reliability and validity.
T11 641675-641683 Sentence denotes Methods:
T12 641684-641755 Sentence denotes The subjects were volunteer 239 workers in 19 nursery schools in Japan.
T13 641756-641831 Sentence denotes Psychological demands (PD: calculated with 5 items), decision latitude (DL:
T14 641832-641865 Sentence denotes 6 items), and social support (SS:
T15 641866-641905 Sentence denotes 6 items) were assessed with the J-DCSQ.
T16 641906-642068 Sentence denotes One-week test-retest reliability and internal consistency were estimated by means of intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha, respectively.
T17 642069-642211 Sentence denotes Concurrent validity was evaluated with Pearson's correlation coefficient for which the Japanese-version JCQ (J-JCQ) was used as the reference.
T18 642212-642266 Sentence denotes Factorial validity was evaluated with factor analysis.
T19 642267-642340 Sentence denotes Results: ICCs were 0.80, 0.83, and 0.81 for PD, DL, and SS, respectively.
T20 642341-642485 Sentence denotes Correspondingly, Cronbach's coefficient alphas and Pearson's correlation coefficients were 0.65, 0.63, 0.87 and 0.72, 0.61, 0.57 for PD, DL, SS.
T21 642486-642580 Sentence denotes Factor analysis suggested a 4-factor construction which explained the variance as much as 50%.
T22 642581-642628 Sentence denotes The first factor was constructed of 4 DL items.
T23 642629-642678 Sentence denotes The second factor included the whole of SS items.
T24 642679-642738 Sentence denotes The third factor was composed of 3 PD items and 2 DL items.
T25 642739-642799 Sentence denotes The last factor was constituted of 3 DL items and 1 PD item.
T26 642800-642812 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T27 642813-642873 Sentence denotes The J-DCSQ exhibited as equivalent reliability as the J-JCQ.
T28 642874-642948 Sentence denotes The present findings suggested adequate concurrent validity of the J-DCSQ.
T29 642949-643042 Sentence denotes Factor analysis did not present factor structure of the J-DCSQ as theoretically hypothesized.
T30 643043-643112 Sentence denotes Previous studies also reported similar factor structure of the J-JCQ.
T31 643113-643204 Sentence denotes Further studies are needed to better identify psychosocial properties among larger samples.
T32 643205-643400 Sentence denotes Although previous studies revealed that long working hours predicted fatigue and depressive symptoms, little is known about how these relationships vary among different industries or occupations.
T33 643401-643528 Sentence denotes This study examined the effect of working hours on fatigue and depressive symptoms among particular industries and occupations.
T34 643529-643692 Sentence denotes Longitudinal data on 1,588 Japanese daytime workers (575 women and 1,013 men) were used to estimate the effect of working hours on fatigue and depressive symptoms.
T35 643693-643855 Sentence denotes Working hours per week at baseline was divided into three categories: "less than 60 h" (N=1,346, 84.8%), "61-65 h" (N=87, 5.5%), and "66 h or more" (N=155, 9.8%).
T36 643856-644098 Sentence denotes Participants completed the Self-Diagnosis Check List for Assessment of Worker's Accumulated Fatigue developed by the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at 1-year follow-up.
T37 644099-644236 Sentence denotes Industries were divided into 13 categories based on the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Rev.
T38 644237-644261 Sentence denotes 4 by the United Nations.
T39 644262-644409 Sentence denotes Occupations were divided into 6 categories based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations-88 by the International Labour Office.
T40 644410-644490 Sentence denotes Analyses of variance were carried out separately for industries and occupations.
T41 644491-644695 Sentence denotes Multiple comparisons with Bonferroni method indicated that in the manufacturing industry and professionals, the "66 h or more" group had a higher level of fatigue than the "less than 60 h" group (P<0.05).
T42 644696-644864 Sentence denotes In the human health and social work activities industry, the "61-65 h" and "66 h or more" groups had a higher level of fatigue than the "less than 60 h" group (P<0.05).
T43 644865-644978 Sentence denotes No significant association was found between working hours and depressive symptoms in any industry or occupation.
T44 644979-645223 Sentence denotes Although reducing the number of working hours is essential to ameliorate workers' fatigue, special attention should be paid to workers in manufacturing or human health and social work activities industries and professionals who work long hours.
T45 645224-645380 Sentence denotes Especially, workers employed in the human health and social work activities industry who worked at least 61 hours per week, showed higher scores of fatigue.
T46 645381-645495 Sentence denotes This suggests that the association between working hours and fatigue is varied among different industrial sectors.
T47 645496-645609 Sentence denotes Psychosocial work conditions including high demands, lack of control and support have been linked to poor health.
T48 645610-645711 Sentence denotes Yet, the influence of individual factors such as general mental ability (GMA) remains to be examined.
T49 645712-645910 Sentence denotes The present study set out to investigate how childhood mental ability and psychosocial work characteristics relate to different health indicators in a cohort of working women(n=271) and men (n=291).
T50 645911-646177 Sentence denotes Specifically, childhood GMA and self-reports of job demands, job control and social support were linked to two positive health indicators (sense of coherence and self-rated health) and two negative health indicators (musculoskeletal problems and anxiety in midlife).
T51 646178-646313 Sentence denotes Considering the gendered labor market and variations in health patterns between women and men, gender specific analyses were performed.
T52 646314-646400 Sentence denotes Results revealed no linkages between childhood GMA and the health indicators included.
T53 646401-646490 Sentence denotes Further, there were no significant interactions between GMA and the psychosocial factors.
T54 646491-646611 Sentence denotes The overall impact of occupational level was low and controlling for occupational level did not change the results much.
T55 646612-646738 Sentence denotes These findings are likely to result from the study cohort being fairly homogeneous and the women and men being in good health.
T56 646739-646750 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T57 646751-646860 Sentence denotes Few studies have been devoted to exploring hospital physicians' work stresses to their quality of work lives.
T58 646861-647106 Sentence denotes This study was aimed to explore the relationship between work stress and the quality of work lives, especially under the circumstances of given work stress, the moderating effects of labor activities on the work stress and quality of work lives.
T59 647107-647115 Sentence denotes Methods:
T60 647116-647325 Sentence denotes Developed, structured and validated questionnaire was released by mails to hospital physician executives in the period of Aug-Nov 2009 and 737 respondents returned in this study with a response rate of 32.83%.
T61 647326-647494 Sentence denotes Measures included work stressors as financial-oriented and norm-oriented, and work lives as work and career satisfaction, health status and illness, and substance uses.
T62 647495-647564 Sentence denotes Labor activities were measured as body labors and leisure activities.
T63 647565-647659 Sentence denotes Personal characteristics and work status of hospital physician executives were also collected.
T64 647660-647739 Sentence denotes Descriptive analyses, factor analyses, and multiple regressions were performed.
T65 647740-647748 Sentence denotes Results:
T66 647749-648135 Sentence denotes Controlling the personal characteristics and work status of hospital physician executives, it was found that perceived financial-oriented and norm-oriented stresses by hospital physician executives had lower work satisfaction and career satisfaction, more illness symptoms, and worse perceived health status; however, more labor activities had positive effects on quality of work lives.
T67 648136-648326 Sentence denotes Especially, body labors could moderate financialoriented stress to better career and work satisfaction, better perceived health status, less muscular illness, and reduced sleeping disorders.
T68 648327-648487 Sentence denotes Also, leisure activities moderated norm-oriented stress to reduced nose and throat illness and moderated financialoriented stress to higher alcohol assumptions.
T69 648488-648517 Sentence denotes Conclusions and implications:
T70 648518-648631 Sentence denotes We verified the negative relationships of work stress to quality of work lives for hospital physician executives.
T71 648632-648726 Sentence denotes Moreover, labor activities played important roles in moderating the work stress to work lives.
T72 648727-648987 Sentence denotes Under the given work stresses in the health care work environments, hospital administrators could recognize the values of body labors and leisure activities into health promotion programs for their health care professionals to create healthy work environments.
T73 648988-649143 Sentence denotes Cardiovascular reactivity has been intensively studied for some decades as a potential risk factor or risk marker of cardiovascular disorders and diseases.
T74 649144-649284 Sentence denotes Among other end-points hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke have been possible to predict in research using reactivity measures.
T75 649285-649344 Sentence denotes However, these predictions have not always been successful.
T76 649345-649371 Sentence denotes Progress needs to be made.
T77 649372-649580 Sentence denotes One of the possibilities is using cardiovascular recovery in addition to reactivity in the prediction of pathological processes of hemodynamics and neuroendocrinology as well as direct disorders and diseases.
T78 649581-649726 Sentence denotes New steps towards applying the research results in clinical practice are necessary to realize the promises of cardiovascular behavioral research.
T79 649727-649772 Sentence denotes This symposium is one step in this direction.
T80 649773-649906 Sentence denotes In this symposium researchers will present papers regarding different aspects of cardiovascular regulation, reactivity, and recovery.
T81 649907-650063 Sentence denotes The symposium starts with Dr Gellman who has comprehensively studied the relationship among hostility, metabolic syndrome, and cardiac structure & function.
T82 650064-650146 Sentence denotes Dr. Gellman's research is relevant for many of the most common life style factors.
T83 650147-650301 Sentence denotes The second paper will be Dr. Hamer's presentation regarding psychophysiological responses and their relationship with sub-clinical coronary heart disease.
T84 650302-650389 Sentence denotes This topic will help particularly in the planning of coronary heart disease prevention.
T85 650390-650565 Sentence denotes Third, Dr. Tuomisto will illuminate different patterns of cardiovascular reactivity and recovery in intra-arterial blood pressure of normotensive and hypertensive individuals.
T86 650566-650641 Sentence denotes The results may promote research in the prediction of cardiovascular risks.
T87 650642-650834 Sentence denotes The last presentation will be Dr. Zanstra's study of challenge appraisals' role in the prediction of a myocardial reaction pattern in anticipation of and reactivity to a naturalistic stressor.
T88 650835-650923 Sentence denotes The study has interest especially for those who do research in real world circumstances.
T89 650924-651120 Sentence denotes All these presentations will have both indirect and direct relevance for clinical research in the prediction and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in addition to more basic theoretical issues.
T90 651121-651413 Sentence denotes Acute psychophysiological stress testing, involving measurement of cardiovascular and biological responses to laboratory-induced mental stress, is an important tool to investigate mechanisms that might account for the association between psychosocial stress and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
T91 651414-651546 Sentence denotes The present study was designed to examine associations of disturbed psychophysiological responses with sub-clinical atherosclerosis.
T92 651547-651710 Sentence denotes Participants were 543 healthy men and women (mean age=62.9±5.7 yrs), without history or objective signs of CVD, drawn from the Whitehall II epidemiological cohort.
T93 651711-651989 Sentence denotes Various cardiovascular (beat-to-beat blood pressure, heart rate variability) and biological measures (inflammatory and haemostatic markers, salivary cortisol) were assessed during and following mental stressors, consisting of a 5-min Stroop task and a 5-min mirror tracing task.
T94 651990-652125 Sentence denotes Coronary artery calcium (CAC), a measure of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, was measured using electron beam computed tomography.
T95 652126-652225 Sentence denotes The tasks induced significant increases in blood pressure, cortisol, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen.
T96 652226-652468 Sentence denotes Cortisol responders were at higher risk of having clinically relevant levels of CAC (odds ratio=2.17, 95% CI, 1.37 -3.41) after adjustments for age, gender, baseline cortisol, social status, depressive symptoms, and conventional risk factors.
T97 652469-652523 Sentence denotes Cardiovascular responses were not associated with CAC.
T98 652524-652625 Sentence denotes Basal levels of inflammatory markers were associated with CAC although the stress responses were not.
T99 652626-652840 Sentence denotes These data support the notion that cortisol stress reactivity, an index of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal function, is one of the possible mechanisms through which psychosocial stress may influence the risk of CHD.
T100 652841-652992 Sentence denotes Cardiovascular reactivity to behavioral stress tasks has been shown to be associated with pathological hemodynamic and neuroendocrinological processes.
T101 652993-653063 Sentence denotes Later, recovery from such stress has been studied for similar reasons.
T102 653064-653252 Sentence denotes Our purpose was to study cardiovascular reactivity from a baseline condition, a relaxation to behavioral stress tasks and recovery from the tasks to a relaxation condition after the tasks.
T103 653253-653375 Sentence denotes As data, we used the Tampere Ambulatory Hypertension Study data bank of intraarterial blood pressure (BP) from the 1990's.
T104 653376-653584 Sentence denotes The participants were 95 newly detected, WHO-classified, age-matched normotensive (NT; n=33), borderline hypertensive (BHT; n=30) and hypertensive (HT; n=32) men recruited through routine health examinations.
T105 653585-653811 Sentence denotes They underwent a 5-minute cue-controlled relaxation (R1) followed by 8 standardized behavioral challenges: a video game, arithmetic, social problem solving, imagery, a habituation test, a comic film, and the cold pressor test.
T106 653812-653876 Sentence denotes After the tasks, a 10-minute relaxation period (R2) was started.
T107 653877-653952 Sentence denotes Systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP) and heart rate (HR) and were analyzed.
T108 653953-654095 Sentence denotes First, in a mixed-design ANOVA, Time factor, R1 (the reactivity baseline) and R2 (the recovery baseline) was studied together with the groups.
T109 654096-654161 Sentence denotes The Time x Group interactions did not differ for SBP, DBP and HR:
T110 654162-654179 Sentence denotes Fs(2, 92) < 1.04.
T111 654180-654244 Sentence denotes However, the direction of recovery was different for BPs and HR.
T112 654245-654324 Sentence denotes During the recovery baseline, HR was lower than during the reactivity baseline.
T113 654325-654367 Sentence denotes The reverse was true for both SBP and DBP.
T114 654368-654446 Sentence denotes Second, R2 variables were compared in ANCOVA using R1 variables as covariates.
T115 654447-654546 Sentence denotes Following main effects were obtained: SBP, F(2, 91) = 3.14, p<.05 and DBP, F(2, 91) = 5.98, p<.005.
T116 654547-654824 Sentence denotes In Bonferroni controlled group contrasts, the recovery baseline measures showed differences between the hypertensive groups in DBP (p<.05, 95% confidence interval=0.8 -6.59) while reactivity measures had shown DBP differences between these groups only in the cold pressor test.
T117 654825-654866 Sentence denotes In conclusion, intra-arterial BP and S202
T118 654867-654873 Sentence denotes Int.J.
T119 654874-654880 Sentence denotes Behav.
T120 654881-655011 Sentence denotes Med. (2010) 17(Suppl 1):S1-S329 HR in NT and newly detected HT groups showed different patterns in reactivity respective recovery.
T121 655012-655222 Sentence denotes These results are in accordance of some earlier research and show that optimizing the use of cardiovascular data requires that these different patterns are taken into account in the predictions of health risks.
T122 655223-655365 Sentence denotes The current study examined the changes in parameters underlying blood pressure in relation to anticipation, reactivity and recovery to stress.
T123 655366-655501 Sentence denotes Further, it was examined how these vascular and myocardial parameters relate to cognitive appraisal in a real-life stressful situation.
T124 655502-655530 Sentence denotes 24 men aged 19-28 (mean age:
T125 655531-655540 Sentence denotes 23.5; SD:
T126 655541-655573 Sentence denotes 2.5) participated in this study.
T127 655574-655689 Sentence denotes Ambulatory blood pressure was recorded on a beat-to-beat basis before and during performance of a real life speech.
T128 655690-655857 Sentence denotes Vascular and myocardial hemodynamic parameters (total peripheral resistance (TPR) and cardiac output (CO), respectively) were derived from the blood pressure waveform.
T129 655858-655919 Sentence denotes Participants' appraisals were obtained prior to the stressor.
T130 655920-656003 Sentence denotes Evidence was obtained suggesting a myocardial reaction pattern during the stressor.
T131 656004-656092 Sentence denotes This finding is consistent with the hypotheses as the stressor is an active coping task.
T132 656093-656219 Sentence denotes The anticipation was hypothesized to be a relatively passive situation and therefore expected to engender a vascular response.
T133 656220-656285 Sentence denotes However, the reaction pattern during anticipation was myocardial.
T134 656286-656364 Sentence denotes Finally, recovery was slower in the vascular than in the myocardial variables.
T135 656365-656479 Sentence denotes Multilevel regression models (MLwiN v2.2) were used to analyze the relationships between appraisal and CO and TPR.
T136 656480-656670 Sentence denotes During the anticipation period prior to the stressor, increased challenge was associated with decreased vascular resistance (Z=2.70 p<.01) and increased myocardial reactivity (Z=2.43 p<.01).
T137 656671-656889 Sentence denotes During the stressor increases in challenge were associated with further increases in myocardial responding (Z=2.03 p<.05) but relationships between appraisal and vascular resistance were not significant (Z=1.82, n.s.).
T138 656890-657044 Sentence denotes This study is among the first to examine the hemodynamic reactivity and recovery patterns to a real life stressor in conjunction with stressor appraisals.
T139 657045-657194 Sentence denotes Furthermore, our findings suggest that challenge appraisals to real-life stressors contribute to an, arguably healthier, myocardial reaction pattern.
T140 657195-657327 Sentence denotes This ambulatory study was followed up by a study aimed at changing appraisals and appraisal related hemodynamic reactivity patterns.
T141 657328-657479 Sentence denotes With advances in visual media technologies, health communications and interventions can now incorporate a variety of sophisticated images and pictures.
T142 657480-657720 Sentence denotes Optimal use of these technologies requires that we advance our understanding of how individuals respond to health imagery, particularly since information processes for imagery differ markedly from those involved with linguistic information.
T143 657721-657822 Sentence denotes This symposium reviews recent research on techniques using visual images to motivate behavior change.
T144 657823-657960 Sentence denotes The speakers represent multidisciplinary teams of experts in psychology, sociology, communications, graphics, and information technology.
T145 657961-658081 Sentence denotes Gerry Humphris will present research on using graphic warning labels on cigarette packets to motivate smoking cessation.
T146 658082-658220 Sentence denotes Using data from a large community survey, his team found that images evoking disgust responses are potent triggers of motivations to quit.
T147 658221-658382 Sentence denotes Gareth Hollands will present research on an intervention in which aversive images are used to condition responses that reduce motivations to eat unhealthy foods.
T148 658383-658541 Sentence denotes This technique, based on implicit cognition and evaluative conditioning principles, altered implicit attitudes about foods and increased healthy food choices.
T149 658542-658676 Sentence denotes Susan Persky will present research in which immersive virtual environment (IVE) technologies are used to motivate protective behavior.
T150 658677-658852 Sentence denotes The studies demonstrate how IVEs can instill experiential knowledge of behavioral consequences and enhance understanding of complex concepts such as genebehavior interactions.
T151 658853-658978 Sentence denotes Brian Williams will present research on a framework for developing theoretically-guided interventions involving visual media.
T152 658979-659127 Sentence denotes The four-stage process was tested in the development of an intervention incorporating 3D animation about links between obesity and arteriosclerosis.
T153 659128-659304 Sentence denotes Throughout the symposium, discussion will address how the research informs theory on visual imagery processes in health behavior as well as the use of imagery in interventions.
T154 659305-659316 Sentence denotes Background:
T155 659317-659492 Sentence denotes A growing body of research suggests that communicating associations between aversive health-related images and a given behaviour may diminish the likelihood of that behaviour.
T156 659493-659562 Sentence denotes However, there is limited experimental evidence of this relationship.
T157 659563-659735 Sentence denotes The current study examines the behavioural and attitudinal effects of communicating images of energy-dense snacks, paired with images of the body indicative of health risk.
T158 659736-659744 Sentence denotes Methods:
T159 659745-659963 Sentence denotes Participants (n=132) were randomly allocated to either a conditioning procedure pairing images of snack foods with images related to cardiovascular disease, or a control condition featuring images of snack foods alone.
T160 659964-660144 Sentence denotes They completed a measure of implicit attitudes (pre and post-intervention) and two behavioural choice tests in which they chose between fruit or snack products (post-intervention).
T161 660145-660153 Sentence denotes Results:
T162 660154-660271 Sentence denotes The conditioning intervention made implicit attitudes towards energy-dense snacks more negative (F(1,129) Background:
T163 660272-660398 Sentence denotes Health promotion interventions frequently employ visual images to influence knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and thus behaviour.
T164 660399-660494 Sentence denotes However, such interventions are often highly pragmatic and lack clear theoretical underpinning.
T165 660495-660554 Sentence denotes The stages of development are often also poorly documented.
T166 660555-660566 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T167 660567-660734 Sentence denotes To develop a visual intervention informed by behavioural theory and concepts in order to increase understanding of arteriosclerosis and intentions to behaviour change.
T168 660735-660743 Sentence denotes Methods:
T169 660744-660880 Sentence denotes A multidisciplinary group applied the first two stages of the MRC Framework for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions.
T170 660881-660921 Sentence denotes This was operationalised in 4 subphases.
T171 660922-660924 Sentence denotes 1.
T172 660925-660996 Sentence denotes Establishing a theoretical basis: the creation of conceptual content 2.
T173 660997-661051 Sentence denotes Establishing structure: creating a visual narrative 3.
T174 661052-661122 Sentence denotes Establishing the "look": visual rendering of narrative and concepts 4.
T175 661123-661287 Sentence denotes Establishing interpretation and impact: creating evidence Initial testing of the animation included in-depth interviews with 15 patients and 5 health professionals.
T176 661288-661411 Sentence denotes Understanding of the animation was explored, followed by emotional reaction, acceptability and suggestions for improvement.
T177 661412-661492 Sentence denotes Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using the "Framework" method.
T178 661493-661501 Sentence denotes Results:
T179 661502-661662 Sentence denotes Phases 1 to 3 established an animation of the body and heart that sought to increase knowledge, perceived severity, susceptibility, self-efficacy and coherence.
T180 661663-661774 Sentence denotes In phase 4 testing all but one participant provided an accurate and unprompted interpretation of the animation.
T181 661775-661867 Sentence denotes Increases in knowledge, perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy and coherence were reported.
T182 661868-661983 Sentence denotes Numerous participants indicated that the animation moved illness representations from the abstract to the concrete.
T183 661984-662077 Sentence denotes An increase in anxiety and worry was reported but regarded as acceptable by all participants.
T184 662078-662090 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T185 662091-662235 Sentence denotes We have established a detailed stepwise process to develop and document the creation of visual-based, theory-informed behavioural interventions.
T186 662236-662347 Sentence denotes The digital animation appears acceptable to staff and patients, and to influence intended behavioural concepts.
T187 662348-662436 Sentence denotes These features could heighten many types of health messages conveyed via visual imagery.
T188 662437-662588 Sentence denotes For example, a major purpose for invoking imagery is to demonstrate consequences of one's behavior (e.g., illustrating detrimental effects of smoking).
T189 662589-662813 Sentence denotes These consequences can be experienced firsthand in an IVE, and an interactive component could include practicing and building efficacy for cessation behaviors while observing how these behaviors mitigate health consequences.
T190 662814-662910 Sentence denotes Indeed, an imagery-based IVE for smoking cessation was recently created by Canadian researchers.
T191 662911-663044 Sentence denotes Another use of imagery involves conveying health concepts, often via metaphor (e.g., a ladder as a metaphor for varying risk levels).
T192 663045-663107 Sentence denotes In IVEs individuals can directly experience a visual metaphor.
T193 663108-663223 Sentence denotes They might also manipulate situational variables to gain nuanced understanding of the processes a metaphor conveys.
T194 663224-663346 Sentence denotes Our group created and tested immersive visual metaphors based on an elevator and a bridge for conveying genetics concepts.
T195 663347-663505 Sentence denotes Going forward, IVEs are poised to become an innovative medium for imagery provision and a vital research tool for exploring issues around image effectiveness.
T196 663506-663724 Sentence denotes Recent research has highlighted the possibility that the emotion of disgust can act as a significant driver to initiate behaviour change as a separate or even additional component to traditional fear appeal approaches.
T197 663725-663802 Sentence denotes Pictorial images may be particularly effective in generating disgust emotion.
T198 663803-663979 Sentence denotes Therefore the aim of this investigation was to test the specific image qualities associated with reported disgust and rating of potential success in promoting behaviour change.
T199 663980-664240 Sentence denotes Data were obtained from a public consultation exercise (Department of Health, England and Wales, 2006) that requested, through a web-based answering system, participant preferences of 42 images that might be effective to encourage tobacco cessation in smokers.
T200 664241-664476 Sentence denotes Initial results indicated preferences for effectiveness of cessation message were rank ordered according to the level of disgust emotion generated, i.e. images that might persuade smokers to quit tobacco consumption appeared revolting.
T201 664477-664675 Sentence denotes To confirm that disgust emotion generated by the UK tobacco packet images was associated to the public's selection of possible effective images; three cross-sectional opinion surveys were conducted.
T202 664676-664770 Sentence denotes These included students from medicine and psychology disciplines, and a section of the public.
T203 664771-664845 Sentence denotes The web opinion consultation database was utilised for secondary analysis.
T204 664846-665001 Sentence denotes A total of 291 participants were involved in the three convenience surveys and 19812 participants gave complete replies to the public consultation website.
T205 665002-665182 Sentence denotes The pictorial Disgust Sensitivity Scale was used to assess the individual's rating of every image on a five category rating ranging from 'extremely disgusting' to 'not disgusting'.
T206 665183-665432 Sentence denotes Significant correlations (ranging from 0.91 to 0.94) existed between the image rank order aggregated preference ratings from the original public consultation and the average final score of the disgust ratings for specific items for the three groups.
T207 665433-665560 Sentence denotes The correlations were very similar regardless of smoking status of respondents (in both public preference and opinion surveys).
T208 665561-665708 Sentence denotes The emotion of disgust may be a possible intervening variable to explain the initial reactions to health promotion materials and smoking cessation.
T209 665709-665881 Sentence denotes Future research needs to explore the strength of disgust emotions and fear generated by images of this nature with actual behaviour change and other intervening constructs.
T210 665882-666025 Sentence denotes Over the last decade, the technique of using ambulatory saliva sampling has become increasingly popular in field research and clinical studies.
T211 666026-666150 Sentence denotes The non-invasive method is easy to administer and analyze, and therefore allows implementation in large scale study designs.
T212 666151-666270 Sentence denotes However, this large interest in use of saliva cortisol measurement is paralleled with frustrations on opposing Results:
T213 666271-666557 Sentence denotes This symposium is based on a critical evaluation of existing literature on salivary cortisol, aiming to evaluate the utility of salivary cortisol as a biomarker in various settings and how we can understand cortisol reactivity using evidence of experiences from different study designs.
T214 666558-666875 Sentence denotes The work is compiled by the Scandinavian Stress and Cortisol Network, a network financed by the Swedish Research Council, and one main question asked was: is it possible that different results of studies involving cortisol assessments are functions of differences in the theoretical assumptions made and methods used?
T215 666876-667191 Sentence denotes In particular the symposium will focus on how the many different ways of evaluating levels and dynamics of salivary cortisol (i.e. with regards to time points of assessment and different algorithms based on multiple time points) may have an impact on the interpretation of cortisol measurements in various contexts.
T216 667192-667500 Sentence denotes Salivary cortisol has been studied in relation to the following topics: demographic variables, psychosocial work environment, psychological resources (e.g. mastery) and outcomes (eg burnout), sleep quality, biological markers (markers of cardiovascular risk, inflammation and metabolism) and somatic outcome.
T217 667501-667645 Sentence denotes The following topics shall be covered at the symposium; where all data shall refer to how results of analyses can differ depend on methods used.
T218 667646-667789 Sentence denotes Over the last decade, the technique of using ambulatory saliva sampling has become increasingly popular in field research and clinical studies.
T219 667790-667914 Sentence denotes The non-invasive method is easy to administer and analyze, and therefore allows implementation in large scale study designs.
T220 667915-668034 Sentence denotes However, this large interest in use of saliva cortisol measurement is paralleled with frustrations on opposing Results:
T221 668035-668262 Sentence denotes This presentation is based on a critical evaluation of existing literature on salivary cortisol, aiming to evaluate the utility of various measures of salivary cortisol as a biomarker in relation to psychosocial work stressors.
T222 668263-668357 Sentence denotes Various measures of salivary cortisol were studied in relation to psychosocial work stressors.
T223 668358-668513 Sentence denotes Twenty-seven papers including psychosocial work stress in terms of the Job Demand-Control-Support model or the Effort-Reward Imbalance model were reviewed.
T224 668514-668675 Sentence denotes The presentation focuses on how salivary cortisol relates to work stressors, and discusses how these results may vary depending on measurement and data analysis.
T225 668676-668870 Sentence denotes This presentation is based on a literature search using PubMed, aiming to evaluate the utility of various measures of salivary cortisol as a biomarker in relation to cardiovascular risk factors.
T226 668871-669000 Sentence denotes In particular, the presentation focuses on a discussion on how these results may vary depending on measurement and data analysis.
T227 669001-669012 Sentence denotes Background:
T228 669013-669138 Sentence denotes The altered cortisol is sometimes regarded as a warning reaction essential part of the survival strategy of living organisms.
T229 669139-669359 Sentence denotes An often asked question is "Is it unhealthy to have an increased or decreased cortisol awakening response?" In particular, correlations between altered cortisol levels and cardiovascular risk factors have been discussed.
T230 669360-669434 Sentence denotes The anti-inflammatory properties of exogenous cortisol are well described.
T231 669435-669537 Sentence denotes However, empirical data on endogenous cortisol and its correlations with inflammatory markers are few.
T232 669538-669792 Sentence denotes This presentation is based on a literature search using PubMed, aiming to evaluate the utility of various measures of salivary cortisol and its correlation with various inflammatory markers such as interleukines, acute phase proteins, and growth factors.
T233 669793-669907 Sentence denotes The presentation focuses on a discussion on how these results may vary depending on measurement and data analysis.
T234 669908-670025 Sentence denotes In particular, the results would be discussed in the light of a possible down-regulation of glucocorticoid receptors.
T235 670026-670136 Sentence denotes Insomnia, a type of sleep disruption, is an extremely common and troublesome condition associated with cancer.
T236 670137-670300 Sentence denotes The diagnosis of cancer represents a threat to survival; consequently, both patients and physicians believe that transient sleep dysfunction in response is normal.
T237 670301-670403 Sentence denotes Currently, relatively little is known about the etiology and evolution of insomnia in cancer patients.
T238 670404-670583 Sentence denotes Emerging evidence suggests that a significant minority of cancer patients develop a chronic persistent form of insomnia as a result of the diagnosis and treatment of their cancer.
T239 670584-670747 Sentence denotes Chronic insomnia is a substantial problem; in the general population insomnia is a risk factor for additional morbidity (e.g., depression, fatigue, heart disease).
T240 670748-670906 Sentence denotes This symposium will first discuss the prevalence of insomnia and its progression over an 18-month period in a large sample of newly diagnosed cancer patients.
T241 670907-671011 Sentence denotes The second presentation will describe the sleep architecture of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
T242 671012-671193 Sentence denotes Polysomnographic sleep findings revealing the prevalence of slow wave sleep (SWS) in cancer patients before treatment, following treatment, and at later follow-up will be discussed.
T243 671194-671558 Sentence denotes Finally, results from a national randomized clinical trial of YOCAS ® Yoga will show how a brief, community-based intervention of 4 weeks' duration can significantly reduce insomnia and use of sleep medication in cancer survivors, suggesting that persistent insomnia responds quickly to a behavioral exercise intervention and can be treated easily and effectively.
T244 671559-671790 Sentence denotes The goal of this symposium is to disseminate exciting recent findings in the areas of sleep and cancer and to generate new ideas and an awareness of chronic insomnia in cancer patients so that its negative effects can be addressed.
T245 671791-671942 Sentence denotes The goal of this large scale epidemiological study was to assess the prevalence and incidence of insomnia comorbid with cancer over an 18-month period.
T246 671943-672078 Sentence denotes All patients scheduled to undergo surgery after a first diagnosis of non-metastatic cancer were solicited at their pre-operative visit.
T247 672079-672178 Sentence denotes Among the 3196 patients approached, 1681 were found eligible and 962 (57%) accepted to participate.
T248 672179-672317 Sentence denotes The participants completed a semi-structured interview for insomnia at baseline (T1), 2 (T2), 6 (T3), 10 (T4), 14 (T5) and 18 months (T6).
T249 672318-672362 Sentence denotes The prevalence of the insomnia syndrome (T1:
T250 672363-672371 Sentence denotes 28%; T2:
T251 672372-672380 Sentence denotes 26%; T3:
T252 672381-672389 Sentence denotes 25%; T4:
T253 672390-672398 Sentence denotes 23%; T5:
T254 672399-672407 Sentence denotes 21%; T6:
T255 672408-672505 Sentence denotes 22%) decreased progressively and significantly over the 18-month period, F(5,3725) = 7.58, p<.01.
T256 672506-672651 Sentence denotes Similarly, the prevalence of insomnia symptoms (including patients with an insomnia syndrome) decreased steadily and significantly over time (T1:
T257 672652-672660 Sentence denotes 60%; T2:
T258 672661-672674 Sentence denotes 48%; 46%; T3:
T259 672675-672683 Sentence denotes 46%; T4:
T260 672684-672692 Sentence denotes 41%; T5:
T261 672693-672701 Sentence denotes 38%; T6:
T262 672702-672732 Sentence denotes 37%), F(53725) = 43.77, p<.01.
T263 672733-672841 Sentence denotes Simple effects indicated that the decrease was significant between T1 and T2 and between T3 and T4 (ps<.01).
T264 672842-672984 Sentence denotes Prevalence rates of insomnia symptoms were the highest in breast cancer patients (42-69%) and the lowest in prostate cancer patients (25-38%).
T265 672985-673189 Sentence denotes The overall reduction in prevalence rates was reproduced for each cancer site except for prostate cancer patients in which the decline between T1 and T4, was followed by a resurgence of insomnia symptoms.
T266 673190-673362 Sentence denotes Based on mixed models analyses, the incidence of insomnia among good sleepers at the previous time assessment was 20% at T2, 22% at T3, 17% at T4, 17% at T5, and 14% at T6.
T267 673363-673498 Sentence denotes Insomnia is highly prevalent in cancer patients, particularly at the time of cancer surgery and then decreases progressively over time.
T268 673499-673693 Sentence denotes Despite this overall pattern, insomnia symptoms develop in a significant proportion of patients during the cancer care trajectory, thus suggesting distinct patterns of evolution across patients.
T269 673694-673705 Sentence denotes Background:
T270 673706-673783 Sentence denotes Sleep disturbance is prevalent among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
T271 673784-673870 Sentence denotes Our previous work showed that nearly 80% self-report disturbed sleep during treatment.
T272 673871-673983 Sentence denotes However, little objective evidence has been gathered on the patterns of sleep before and following chemotherapy.
T273 673984-673991 Sentence denotes Method:
T274 673992-674053 Sentence denotes 26 Patients scheduled to receive chemotherapy were recruited.
T275 674054-674319 Sentence denotes Sleep architecture was assessed by in-lab polysomnography (PSG) for two consecutive nights prior to first chemotherapy (T1), approximately two weeks following the patient's last chemotherapy or radiation treatment (T2) and three months following the last treatment.
T276 674320-674395 Sentence denotes Most subjects (20) Research about medicine use among adolescents is scarce.
T277 674396-674550 Sentence denotes However, studies have shown that medicine use for common complaints is widespread among adolescents although there are major differences across countries.
T278 674551-674591 Sentence denotes Medicine use is a public health concern.
T279 674592-674649 Sentence denotes First, medicines are toxic and have adverse side effects.
T280 674650-674722 Sentence denotes Second, medicine use in childhood and adolescence tracks into adulthood.
T281 674723-674798 Sentence denotes Third, among adults medicine use is the most common response to ill health.
T282 674799-674891 Sentence denotes Therefore, it is important to identify the main determinants of medicine use in adolescence.
T283 674892-675110 Sentence denotes A few studies have suggested that adolescents' medicine use is a response to a range of stressors, e.g. exposure to bullying, belonging to a lower socio-economic group or an ethnic minority, and poor self-rated health.
T284 675111-675483 Sentence denotes The objective of this symposium is to present a scientific rationale for the study of adolescents' medicine use, to provide an overview of recent empirical studies of adolescents' medicine use, to discuss methodological challenges in this area of interest, and to present new empirical findings from the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study.
T285 675484-675675 Sentence denotes Adolescent mental health has been related to a variety of physical health problems and adolescents can have considerable independence in their use of medicines to treat acute health problems.
T286 675676-675786 Sentence denotes The relationship between adolescent mental health and medicine use (MU) has not received sufficient attention.
T287 675787-675977 Sentence denotes The present analyses examine relationships of adolescent mental health and MU and whether mental health contributes to MU beyond the effect of experiencing symptoms of those health problems.
T288 675978-676376 Sentence denotes Self-reported mental health, MU for four common health problems (headache, stomachache, difficulties sleeping, and nervousness) and symptoms for common health problems were assessed in a nationallyrepresentative sample of 7,611 U.S. students in grades 6 through 10 and in 26,111 11-, 13-, and 15-year-old students in six countries participating in the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study:
T289 676377-676444 Sentence denotes Austria, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Macedonia, and Scotland.
T290 676445-676612 Sentence denotes A brief measure of depression was included in the US HBSC survey and a broader mental health index (KIDSCREEN) was included in the surveys of the six European nations.
T291 676613-676863 Sentence denotes In US adolescents, depression predicted MU for each of the four health problems but when both depression and symptoms were in the regression models depression added to the prediction for difficulties sleeping (p=.0071) and nervousness (p<.0001) only.
T292 676864-676999 Sentence denotes These findings were replicated in the European sample; using hierarchical linear modeling, there no significant effects due to country.
T293 677000-677179 Sentence denotes MU for each of the four health problems was predicted by mental health; however, MU for headache and stomachache were no longer significant when symptoms were added to the models.
T294 677180-677337 Sentence denotes Adolescents with poorer mental/psychological health are more likely to experience symptoms of common health problems and to take medicine for these problems.
T295 677338-677449 Sentence denotes However, self-reported symptoms may partially mediate the relationship between adolescent mental health and MU.
T296 677450-677620 Sentence denotes First methodological challenges and opportunities in the study of adolescents' medicine use will be discussed for the constituting parts 'adolescents' and 'medicine use'.
T297 677621-677721 Sentence denotes These parts will then be combined in the context of the study of ADHD medication use in adolescents.
T298 677722-677834 Sentence denotes The very word 'adolescence' draws attention to the developmental perspective of any study involving adolescents.
T299 677835-677908 Sentence denotes Advances in developmental neuroscience can help decide on age boundaries.
T300 677909-678131 Sentence denotes However, the developmental perspective requires more than age boundaries due to the social and cultural aspects and expectations in this transitional phase, particularly in multi-national adolescents' medicine use studies.
T301 678132-678235 Sentence denotes Consequences of this developmental perspective for data collection and data analysis will be discussed.
T302 678236-678346 Sentence denotes With regard to medication use, prescription medication and overthe-counter medication are often distinguished.
T303 678347-678416 Sentence denotes Another distinction is on-label, off-label and unlicensed medication.
T304 678417-678556 Sentence denotes A special issue in adolescence is the study of compliance since adolescents seem more reluctant to take medicine according to instructions.
T305 678557-678763 Sentence denotes Over-the-counter drugs and the use of illegal drugs also require specific attention when we study adolescents' medicine use, as does the difference between incidental and frequent or prolonged medicine use.
T306 678764-678838 Sentence denotes These differences have consequences for data collection and data analysis.
T307 678839-678902 Sentence denotes Adolescents' use of ADHD medication is usually on-prescription.
T308 678903-679032 Sentence denotes Methodological issues in the study of prolonged monitoring of adolescents' ADHD medication use as hindered by factors S210 Int.J.
T309 679033-679039 Sentence denotes Behav.
T310 679040-679071 Sentence denotes Med. (2010) 17(Suppl 1):S1-S329
T311 679072-679182 Sentence denotes belonging to the developmental perspective and as supported by technological opportunities, will be discussed.
T312 679183-679287 Sentence denotes Finally, some issues and opportunities in the study of non-prescribed ADHD medication will be presented.
T313 679288-679298 Sentence denotes Objective:
T314 679299-679521 Sentence denotes To examine the association between menarche and use of medicine for common complaints (headache, stomach ache, difficulties in getting to sleep, nervousness) in a national representative sample of 11-and 13-year-old girls.
T315 679522-679530 Sentence denotes Methods:
T316 679531-679706 Sentence denotes This cross-sectional school survey included all girls in the fifth (mean age 11.6 years) and seventh (mean age 13.6 years) grade in a random sample of Danish schools, n=2,423.
T317 679707-679749 Sentence denotes Medicine use was measured by self-reports.
T318 679750-679961 Sentence denotes We used logistic regression analysis with menarche as the independent variable and medicine use as the dependent variable, adjusted for social class and prevalence of the symptom for which the medicine was used.
T319 679962-680391 Sentence denotes The dual pathway model (DPM) of bulimic pathology represents an integrative etiological theory that contemplates the mediational mechanisms by which the risk factors might work together to promote bulimic behavior (BB).The internalization of the thin ideal contributes to body dissatisfaction (BD); increased BD, in turn, fosters dieting and negative affect (depression and stress, in this study), which increase the risk for BB.
T320 680392-680481 Sentence denotes Individuals may initiate BB because of either extreme dieting or chronic negative affect.
T321 680482-680943 Sentence denotes In order to gain a better comprehension of BB and the main risk factors (thin ideal, body dissatisfaction, restrained dieting, and negative affect) two structural models were built and compared by sex (the DPM of women vs. the DPM of men) in order to detect which one of the group's models: a) shows more risk factors for BB, and which one of them b) provides a better understanding (higher explained variance) of the predictive role of the risk factors for BB.
T322 680944-681086 Sentence denotes The total sample was formed by N=196 college students, comprised of women (121) There is no doubt that nutrition affects athletic performance.
T323 681087-681177 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, few collegiate sports programs include a comprehensive nutrition component.
T324 681178-681394 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to determine stability-reliability of a 29 item instrument created to provide baseline data that would be used to develop a multi-level nutrition program for collegiate student-athletes.
T325 681395-681484 Sentence denotes This survey also included demographic questions and was based on the Health Belief Model.
T326 681485-681579 Sentence denotes Questions included measures of self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, benefits and barriers.
T327 681580-681670 Sentence denotes In addition, the Stages of Change Model was used to assess current nutritional activities.
T328 681671-681796 Sentence denotes The survey was administered to a convenience sample of 41 collegiate-athletes and yielded 41 matched pairs used for analysis.
T329 681797-681977 Sentence denotes A single item measuring Stages of Change resulted in a moderate correlation (r=.6), and 5 items on self-efficacy ranged from r=.33 -.68, for an overall moderate correlation (r=.6).
T330 681978-682148 Sentence denotes There were 6 items that assessed benefits of receiving sport nutrition education (range r=.2-1.0) and 7 items that measured barriers to healthy eating (range r=. .4-1.0).
T331 682149-682221 Sentence denotes These items yielded a total correlation score of .6 and .7 respectively.
T332 682222-682278 Sentence denotes There were 15 items that measured nutritional knowledge.
T333 682279-682361 Sentence denotes Because these items were dichotomous, a Kuder Richardson 20 (KR 20) test was used.
T334 682362-682475 Sentence denotes Correlation coefficients for this subscale ranged from .03 to 1.0, for an overall correlation coefficient of .52.
T335 682476-682719 Sentence denotes Items with correlation scores less than .06 were modified to yield more consistent responses and thus this survey shows promise as a potential valid and reliable assessment of collegiate athletes' knowledge, perceptions, and dietary practices.
T336 682720-682832 Sentence denotes This information is essential when designing nutrition education programs and interventions for this population.
T337 682833-682925 Sentence denotes In total institutions such as the military, meal times serve as release from daily routines.
T338 682926-682995 Sentence denotes In Finland, all men are called for military service and 80% complete.
T339 682996-683097 Sentence denotes Main meals are served as part of the service, but snacks are available for purchase during free time.
T340 683098-683257 Sentence denotes The aim of the study was to analyse young men's attitudes towards health and eating before and at military service and their associations with eating patterns.
T341 683258-683399 Sentence denotes A total of 290 men (age 18-21) participating in the DefenceNutri project filled in questionnaires before service and at 6th month of service.
T342 683400-683473 Sentence denotes Four sub-indexes of Health and Taste Attitude scale (HTAS) were measured:
T343 683474-683658 Sentence denotes General health interest (GHI); Craving for sweet foods (CSF); Using food as a reward (REW); and Pleasure (PLE), each with 4-6 statements rated from strongly disagree to strongly agree.
T344 683659-683805 Sentence denotes The food consumption was measured as the number of days/week 6 sweet foods (Sweet food index) and 6 fatty foods (Fatty foods index) were consumed.
T345 683806-683919 Sentence denotes Changes of HTAS indexes were analysed with paired sample t-test and associations with eating patterns with ANOVA.
T346 683920-683965 Sentence denotes GHI remained stable throughout the follow-up.
T347 683966-684049 Sentence denotes CSF (3.0-3.6,p< 0.000), REW (3.3-4.0,p<0.000), and PLE (3.9-4.1,p<0.000) increased.
T348 684050-684294 Sentence denotes Before entering military service eating of sweet foods was associated negatively with GHI (p=0.033) and positively with CSF (p<0.000) and REW (p<0.000); and eating of fatty foods negatively with GHI (p=0.003) and positively with REW (p= 0.001).
T349 684295-684495 Sentence denotes At the end of 6th month of service eating of sweet foods was explained again by GHI (p=0.002), CSF (p=0.001) and REW (p=0.021), but eating of fatty foods was not associated any of the attitude scales.
T350 684496-684578 Sentence denotes PLE was not associated with eating of fatty or sweet foods in neither measurement.
T351 684579-684699 Sentence denotes Military service increases men's tendency to view food as a source of reward and pleasure, and to crave for sweet foods.
T352 684700-684814 Sentence denotes In civilian life, health pursuit decreases eating of sweet and fatty foods but during service only of sweet foods.
T353 684815-684887 Sentence denotes During service eating of fatty foods is not related to pleasure pursuit.
T354 684888-684901 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T355 684902-684982 Sentence denotes Screening for type 2 diabetes is increasingly being offered in general practice.
T356 684983-685096 Sentence denotes Once the diagnosis is made healthcare services are likely to offer health promotional and preventive initiatives.
T357 685097-685263 Sentence denotes Preventive and treatment recommendations are fully developed, but how we motivate people to make use of these initiatives and offer the right ones remains less clear.
T358 685264-685268 Sentence denotes Aim:
T359 685269-685449 Sentence denotes To investigate socio-economic and disease-related predictors for participating in the "Ready to Act" program dealing with support to action competence for living with dysglycaemia.
T360 685450-685629 Sentence denotes We hypothesize that the possibility of participating in this particular program will increase in accordance with a higher level of education, cohabitant and no competing diseases.
T361 685630-685637 Sentence denotes Design:
T362 685638-685773 Sentence denotes A cohort study was embedded in the randomized controlled trial of a primary care/general practice screening and intervention programme.
T363 685774-685934 Sentence denotes The study population (n=320) were adults with screendetected prediabetes or with type 2 diabetes recruited by a mailed invitation after the screening procedure.
T364 685935-686202 Sentence denotes The "Ready to Act" program, which consisted of 2 individual interviews and 8 group meetings delivered over 12 weeks, was offered to the intervention group by a multidisciplinary team of health professionals, as a supplement to intensive treatment in general practice.
T365 686203-686289 Sentence denotes In total 45% (n=144) accepted to participate in the program and 38% (n=123) fulfilled.
T1 686290-686301 Sentence denotes Study plan:
T2 686302-686569 Sentence denotes A comparison between those who accepted the program and those who did not will be conducted according to the following outcomes: socio-economic: age, sex, cohabitant and education and disease-related: diagnosis, duration of diagnosis, comorbidity (cancer, CHD, COPD).
T3 686570-686582 Sentence denotes Perspective:
T4 686583-686757 Sentence denotes The evidence of predictors for participation in health promoting programs is of great value for the future planning of target group differentiated health service initiatives.
T5 686758-686849 Sentence denotes Many working adults with diabetes face major barriers to effective disease self management.
T6 686850-687092 Sentence denotes The Hawaii Demonstration to Maintain Independence and Employment was a randomized controlled trial providing treatment group participants with individual life coaching and a pharmacist counseling while tracking health and employment outcomes.
T7 687093-687274 Sentence denotes Self-reported diabetes self-efficacy, quality of life, functioning, hours worked, work productivity, and use of government services data were obtained at baseline, 6, and 12 months.
T8 687275-687344 Sentence denotes Additional health information was obtained from healthcare providers.
T9 687345-687451 Sentence denotes Generalized linear models for repeated measures are being used to evaluate the effect of the intervention.
T10 687452-687544 Sentence denotes Surveys and focus groups were used to obtain participant perceptions about the intervention.
T11 687545-687655 Sentence denotes 190 employed individuals diagnosed with diabetes or with indication of uncontrolled blood sugar were enrolled.
T12 687656-687797 Sentence denotes Preliminary results show that body mass index and diabetes self-efficacy changes were significantly improved in the treatment group (p<0.05).
T13 687798-687875 Sentence denotes Treatment group participants reported greater work productivity improvements.
T14 687876-688068 Sentence denotes Diabetes management improvements were frequently attributed to increased accountability and goal setting with a life coach, as well as nutrition and diabetes education provided by pharmacists.
T15 688069-688222 Sentence denotes This presentation will discuss how participant engagement, perceptions, and intervention components may have influenced employment and health indicators.
T16 688223-688392 Sentence denotes A diabetes management intervention was well received by participants and showed the potential to delay functional decline and reliance on government assistance programs.
T17 688393-688613 Sentence denotes Findings have implications for employers, health care providers, and professionals using early intervention models intended to prevent disability and support the ongoing employment of individuals with chronic conditions.
T18 688614-688710 Sentence denotes The use of Life Coaching and Pharmacists as counselors is an emerging service delivery approach.
T19 688711-688817 Sentence denotes Further RCT research is warranted to determine the viability of this model for chronic disease management.
T20 688818-688865 Sentence denotes Cost effective analysis would also be valuable.
T21 688866-689015 Sentence denotes Depression is a serious problem affecting 25% of persons with diabetes, and the risk of depression is doubled in women compared to men with diabetes.
T22 689016-689118 Sentence denotes Other moods (e.g., anxiety, anger) often accompany depression and negatively impact diabetes outcomes.
T23 689119-689381 Sentence denotes We tested the feasibility of the Study of Women's Emotions and Evaluation of a Psychoeducational (SWEEP) program to assess the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for treating depression and dysphoric symptoms in women with type 2 diabetes.
T24 689382-689505 Sentence denotes Seventy four women with diabetes and co-morbid depression were randomized to the SWEEP program (n=34) or usual care (n=36).
T25 689506-689590 Sentence denotes The treatment included 8 weekly sessions targeted at depression, anxiety, and anger.
T26 689591-689656 Sentence denotes Sixty women (81%) completed baseline, 3 and 6 month measurements.
T27 689657-689831 Sentence denotes Findings indicated a greater decrease in depression (CES-D) for the treatment (T1=26.8, T2=15.2, T3=12.6) as compared to the control group (T1=28.9, T2=23.3, T3=21.5), p=.03.
T28 689832-690016 Sentence denotes Similarly, there was a greater decrease in trait anxiety (STAI) (T1=49.9, T2=41.2, T3=36.8) for the treatment group as compared to the control group (T1=50.5, T2=46.6, T3=45.3), p=.01.
T29 690017-690267 Sentence denotes For anger (STAXI), although there were no significant differences between the treatment (T1=20.0, T2=17.3, T3=15.4) and the control conditions at any point (T1=18.0, T2=16.2, T3=16.0), there was a significant decrease in anger scores overall, p<.001.
T30 690268-690480 Sentence denotes There was a clinically significant decrease in HBA1C in the treatment group from baseline to 3 months (T1=7.6, T2=7.2) however, it was not statistically significant and the improvement was not sustained (T3=7.4).
T31 690481-690563 Sentence denotes There were minimal changes in HBA1c in the control group (T1=7.9, T2=7.9, T3=7.8).
T32 690564-690686 Sentence denotes Overall, the SWEEP program significantly improved depression and anxiety outcomes in depressed women with type 2 diabetes.
T33 690687-690740 Sentence denotes There were also favorable effects on anger and HBA1C.
T34 690741-690921 Sentence denotes These data provide the first demonstration that depression, a common co-morbidity in women with type 2 diabetes, can be effectively treated in a group setting using CBT techniques.
T35 690922-690935 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T36 690936-691090 Sentence denotes More than 60% of male construction workers in the Netherlands are overweight or obese and more than a quarter is at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
T37 691091-691226 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a motivational interviewing-based lifestyle intervention in this population.
T38 691227-691235 Sentence denotes Methods:
T39 691236-691360 Sentence denotes 816 Male construction workers with an elevated CVD risk were individually randomized into the intervention or control group.
T40 691361-691569 Sentence denotes The 6-month intervention consisted of three face-to-face and four telephone contacts with an occupational health professional, in which behavior change was discussed in the style of motivational interviewing.
T41 691570-691641 Sentence denotes Participants chose to aim at either energy balance or smoking behavior.
T42 691642-691680 Sentence denotes The control group received usual care.
T43 691681-691799 Sentence denotes At 6 and 12 months, dietary intake, physical activity, and smoking behavior were assessed by means of a questionnaire.
T44 691800-691913 Sentence denotes Moreover, body weight, cholesterol, blood pressure, and HbA1c were measured according to a standardized protocol.
T45 691914-692106 Sentence denotes In order to determine the intervention effects, linear and logistic regression analyses were performed in the total study population as well as in the energy balance and the smoking subgroups.
T46 692107-692115 Sentence denotes Results:
T47 692116-692400 Sentence denotes The intervention had a statistically significant beneficial effect on fruit intake (pieces per week: β=1.7, 95%CI 0.6; 2.9) and smoking at 6 months (OR=0.3, 95%CI 0.1; 0.7), and snack intake (pieces per week) at 6 (β=−1.9, 95%CI -3.7; -0.02) and 12 months (β -1.9, 95%CI -3.6; -0.03).
T48 692401-692456 Sentence denotes No intervention effect was found for physical activity.
T49 692457-692643 Sentence denotes In the energy balance subgroup, a significant intervention effect was found for body weight at 6 months (β=−2.1, 95%CI -2.9; -1.3), which was sustained until 12 months (β=−2.2, 95%CI -3.
T50 692644-692785 Sentence denotes Although weight loss programs tend to produce clinically meaningful though modest weight loss, most individuals steadily regain their weight.
T51 692786-693045 Sentence denotes The current study compared the efficacy of a standard behavioral weight loss maintenance intervention (SBWLM) to a novel 12-week mindfulness-based intervention plus coaching tailored to WLM (Enhancing Mindfulness for the Prevention Of WEight Regain: EMPOWER).
T52 693046-693172 Sentence denotes Community members who had lost a minimum of 9% of their body weight in the previous three years were recruited and randomized.
T53 693173-693317 Sentence denotes Both groups received identical information about nutrition, physical activity, the importance of stress management, and values and goal setting.
T54 693318-693443 Sentence denotes The EMPOWER group, however, was presented the information in the context of learning mindfulness skills to facilitate change.
T55 693444-693661 Sentence denotes EMPOWER participants were also taught meditation, mindful eating, and mindfulness strategies to reduce stress-related reactivity while SBWLM participants spent equivalent time reading and discussing relevant material.
T56 693662-693814 Sentence denotes Both groups were carefully structured to ensure parity in numerous factors (e.g., time invested, peer and interventionist support, positive expectancy).
T57 693815-693900 Sentence denotes Mixed models determined that incremental weight regain rates did not differ by group.
T58 693901-694043 Sentence denotes On average, both groups maintained their baseline weight loss 16 months later, one year post intervention (EMPOWER: ↓ 1.5 kg; SBWM: ↑ 0.9 kg).
T59 694044-694195 Sentence denotes Weight regain rates were equivalent to or lower than those reported in other large scale studies (e.g., Svetkey et al., 2008 , Dansinger et al., 2007 .
T60 694196-694400 Sentence denotes Only the EMPOWER group reported increases in intuitive eating (p<.0001), a trait previously associated with better physical health (Hawks, et al., 2005) and lower eating pathology (Tylka & Wilcox, 2006) .
T61 694401-694517 Sentence denotes Further analyses will determine whether metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers were impacted differentially by group.
T62 694518-694663 Sentence denotes These data support the use of the EMPOWER program as a novel and effective approach for supporting individuals in the maintenance of weight loss.
T63 694664-694855 Sentence denotes The metabolic syndrome disorders (MSD) including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease are known to be triggered by lifestyle change.
T64 694856-694982 Sentence denotes We state and support a hypothesis here that changes in behavior rather than changes in diet and metabolism are central to MSD.
T65 694983-695992 Sentence denotes We provide and discuss evidence in support of the following sequence of arguments. (i) Diet, thriftiness and obesity centered paradigm is inadequate to explain most of the physiological and immunological changes associated with metabolic syndrome disorders (MSD). (ii) Comparative studies show that relative obesity rather than absolute obesity is strongly associated with various parameters of MSD and further perception of calories without actual change in intake of calories can induce physiological changes. (iii) Alternative behavioral strategies co-exist in animal populations which are associated with characteristic metabolic states and some of these states show close resemblance with MSD in humans. (iv) Obesity and MSD are strongly and cross culturally associated with certain behavioral traits. (v) Deficiencies of certain behaviors that evolved with hunter gatherer life as adaptive behaviors but that are deficient in modern life lead to corresponding dysfunctions of neuro-endocrine mechanisms.
T66 695993-696172 Sentence denotes Through a meta-analysis study we show that deficiency of physical aggression is strongly associated with MSD as seen by neuro-endocrine mechanisms as well as epidemiological data.
T67 696173-696431 Sentence denotes This raises a possibility that the effects of behavioral deficiencies may be reversed by behavioral supplementation. (vi) On a pilot scale, behavioral interventions substantially ameliorated many components of MSD without significantly changing body weights.
T68 696432-696652 Sentence denotes All the evidence collec-tively indicates that MSD originates due to behavioral deficiencies rather than metabolic thriftiness and therefore behavioral supplementation may be effective in reversing the chronic conditions.
T69 696653-696896 Sentence denotes 1 Lifestyle and Participation, National Institute for Health and Welfare THL, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland; 2 Department of Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland and 3 Department of Sociology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
T70 696897-696910 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T71 696911-697014 Sentence denotes All eligible young male citizens in Finland are conscripted in the Defence Forces (DF) for 6-11 months.
T72 697015-697179 Sentence denotes DF has been stressing physical training but is currently emphasizing healthy nutrition increasingly for physical performance, too, as weight gain is a cohort trend.
T73 697180-697510 Sentence denotes In 2007 THL and DF started a 3-year intervention study (DefenceNutri) to find instruments to improve the conscripts' diet, including a control ( At 6 months SBP was lowered in average by 2.1 hgmm (p<.001), DBP and LDL were kept maintained, but triglycerides and fasting glucose were increased by 0.4 mmol/l (p<.001), respectively.
T74 697511-697672 Sentence denotes Low-educated subjects had somewhat more detrimental characteristics at start, but differences between educational groups largely levelled-off during the service.
T75 697673-697685 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T76 697686-697892 Sentence denotes While the DF provided nutrition already follows guidelines there is a need for supply/demand targeted nutrition intervention related especially to saturated fat and sugar containing snacks among conscripts.
T77 697893-697903 Sentence denotes OBJECTIVE:
T78 697904-698281 Sentence denotes Two hundred and fifteen industrial workers suffering from occupational skin diseases (OSD) have attended a 6months combined dermatological and educational prevention program with an education and counseling scheme as well as an intervention The aim of this program, conducted from 2007-2009, was to enable the affected worker to remain at work without suffering from major OSD.
T79 698282-698290 Sentence denotes METHODS:
T80 698291-698651 Sentence denotes To assess the sustainability of this interdisciplinary medical, behavior and educational training program, the intervention group (IG, N=215) and a control group (CG, Industrial worker with OSD who solely received dermatological treatment, N=85) were followed up 9 month and 2 years after their individual project participation by a standardized questionnaire.
T81 698652-698799 Sentence denotes A subcohort of the intervention group (IG(2007,) During the study period, there was no change in job stress (JCQ) or effort-reward imbalance (ERI).
T82 698800-698997 Sentence denotes Compared to baseline, in both intervention groups there was significant decrease in stress level (PSS10, WFC), a reduction in symptom scores (STAIT, PHQ15) and an increase in well being (WWB5, LM).
T83 698998-699059 Sentence denotes Overcommitment decreased only in the long intervention group.
T84 699060-699224 Sentence denotes Employees working in the human sector (teachers, social workers, health care providers) benefited more, than industrial workers or those working in law enforcement.
T85 699225-699314 Sentence denotes Our results confirm the benefits of the stress management interventions at the workplace.
T86 699315-699401 Sentence denotes The short, 4 lesson program was found nearly as effective as the longer 16 lesson one.
T87 699402-699550 Sentence denotes These results suggest the feasibility of short interventions, and the importance of focusing on overcommitment, a key factor in work-related stress.
T88 699551-699710 Sentence denotes Further analysis are needed to clarify the magnitude of the beneficial effects in connection with personal and work stress characteristics of the participants.
T89 699711-699811 Sentence denotes Research supported by the Hungarian Ministry of Health. , and WHO Well-being (WWB5) were also taken.
T90 699812-699970 Sentence denotes 283 persons participated in a two-day stress management training where communication skills, assertiveness, empathy and various coping strategies were taught.
T91 699971-700025 Sentence denotes 191 employees took part in a short program of 4 hours.
T92 700026-700115 Sentence denotes At 3 month follow up 73% of the participants (N=229 and 117) completed our questionnaire.
T93 700116-700124 Sentence denotes Results:
T94 700125-700312 Sentence denotes Controlled for age and gender, overcommitment in work showed strong correlation with effort-reward imbalance, perceived stress, anxiety, WHO well-being, work-related work-family conflict.
T95 700313-700471 Sentence denotes Overcommitment decreased significantly after intervention in the two-day training group (p<0,001) and showed no significant change in the short program group.
T96 700472-700781 Sentence denotes In the two-day training group we found significant decrease in perceived stress (p<0,001), anxiety (p<0,001), work-related work-family conflict (p<0,01), subjective health complaints (p<0,001) and significant increase in WHO well-being (p<0,01) among employees with high baseline overcommitment score (N=132).
T97 700782-700893 Sentence denotes Among participants with low overcommitment scores (N=97) there were no significant changes in these parameters.
T98 700894-700905 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T99 700906-701054 Sentence denotes Stress-management trainings can be effective to decrease overcommitment at work and are more beneficial for participants with higher overcommitment.
T100 701055-701170 Sentence denotes Further investigations are needed to clarify the role of overcommitment in work-related stress and quality of life.
T101 701171-701222 Sentence denotes Research supported by Hungarian Ministry of Health.
T102 701223-701340 Sentence denotes Ilmarinen has developed the Work Ability Index (WAI) in 1991 as a tool for evaluation of the concept of work ability.
T103 701341-701647 Sentence denotes According to the results obtained by this author and his colleagues at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health through a longitudinal study of 11 years, the WAI is presented as a good predictor of early retirement due to disability and validated support for preventive interventions or rehabilitation.
T104 701648-701810 Sentence denotes Promote the ability to work in the labour force is even more important to allow individuals to maintain their health and functional capacity in the reform period.
T105 701811-702014 Sentence denotes Considering the foregoing, the present study aims to evaluate the work ability index in Portuguese workers in various professions and see how the ability to work is linked to demographic characteristics.
T106 702015-702179 Sentence denotes A cross-sectional study was carried out, including 1955 workers (40,3% males) from chemical and metal-mechanic industry, nurses, teachers and public administration.
T107 702180-702297 Sentence denotes Subjects responded to self-administered questionnaires evaluating demographic characteristics and work ability index.
T108 702298-702456 Sentence denotes The causal relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics and the WAI was quantified by calculating the odds ratio and confidence intervals of 95%.
T109 702457-702567 Sentence denotes In conclusion, it was found that the vast majority of workers analyzed present an ability to work fairly well.
T110 702568-702674 Sentence denotes And consistent with the literature, it appears that the younger the better their individual work capacity.
T111 702675-702819 Sentence denotes Similarly, this study shows that male workers and married workers have a better capacity for work compared to female workers and unmarried ones.
T112 702820-703245 Sentence denotes It is an instrument of great importance to occupational health, in that it permits evaluation of the working capacity of the individual, the perception of the current state of work ability compared to his best, allowed the identification of areas of health injured and potentiate loss of working capacity and thus corrective measures, allows the evaluation of the effectiveness of these measures in overall capacity for work.
T113 703246-703265 Sentence denotes Background and Aim:
T114 703266-703410 Sentence denotes In chronic low back pain (CLBP) there is a high degree of comorbidity, and the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders is between 40%-100%.
T115 703411-703564 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in a population of CLBP patients, using a psychiatric diagnostic interview.
T116 703565-703573 Sentence denotes Methods:
T117 703574-703669 Sentence denotes 400 patients sick listed between 2 and 10 months for unspecific LBP were included in the study.
T118 703670-703910 Sentence denotes All were recruited as part of an ongoing trial in secondary care, and were assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), which is a short structured diagnostic interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10 psychiatric disorders.
T119 703911-703919 Sentence denotes Results:
T120 703920-703976 Sentence denotes The prevalence of current psychiatric disorders was 30%.
T121 703977-704179 Sentence denotes The diagnoses included a wide range of psychiatric disorders, with the most common being major depressive disorders (4%), substance abuse (4.3%), anxiety disorders (10%), and somatoform disorders (18%).
T122 704180-704356 Sentence denotes There were no gender differences in prevalence of psychiatric disorders, and no differences in mean duration of back pain between those with and without a psychiatric disorder.
T123 704357-704368 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T124 704369-704547 Sentence denotes The results show that CLBP patients present with more psychiatric disorders than the general population, but less compared to previous studies of psychiatric comorbidity in CLBP.
T125 704548-704748 Sentence denotes The difference could be a result of different compensational systems, different settings were the interviews were conducted, or different characteristics of the populations in the comparative studies.
T126 704749-704760 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T127 704761-704916 Sentence denotes In a large population of CLBP patients, 30% fulfilled the criteria for at least one current psychiatric disorder when measured with a diagnostic interview.
T128 704917-705145 Sentence denotes The results imply that screening LBP patients for psychopathology in secondary care is important and should involve a wide range of psychiatric disorders since psychopathology might have consequences for prognosis and treatment.
T129 705146-705156 Sentence denotes Objective:
T130 705157-705266 Sentence denotes To predict the two-year course of activity limitations in patients with early knee and/or hip osteoarthritis.
T131 705267-705275 Sentence denotes Methods:
T132 705276-705412 Sentence denotes The CHECK cohort comprising participants (N=1002) with early osteoarthritis-related knee and/or hip symptoms was followed for two years.
T133 705413-705516 Sentence denotes Participants completed questionnaires, and underwent physical, laboratory and radiographic examination.
T134 705517-705655 Sentence denotes Regression models were used to examine whether baseline variables predicted the course of activity limitations as measured with the WOMAC.
T135 705656-705762 Sentence denotes Analyses were performed separately for participants with knee symptoms and participants with hip symptoms.
T136 705763-705771 Sentence denotes Results:
T137 705772-705946 Sentence denotes After two-years of follow-up activity limitations slightly decreased in participants with knee symptoms, and were not significantly changed in participants with hip symptoms.
T138 705947-706015 Sentence denotes Large between subject variation was observed in WOMAC change scores.
T139 706016-706358 Sentence denotes In participants with knee symptoms, few activity limitations at baseline, non-western or Indonesian ethnicity, low educational level, bilateral hip pain, high comorbidity count, high BMI, pain on palpation of the joint line, high bodily pain and poor general health perception were associated with a two-year increase in activity limitations.
T140 706359-706745 Sentence denotes In participants with hip symptoms, few activity limitations at baseline, low educational level, bilateral hip pain, high comorbidity count, no paid employment, few physical activity during leisure, restricted active hip flexion, poor general health perception, and frequent use of the pain coping strategy transformation were associated with a two-year increase in activity limitations.
T141 706746-706757 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T142 706758-706870 Sentence denotes After two years of follow-up large between subject variation was observed in the course of activity limitations.
T143 706871-706992 Sentence denotes Risk factors for an unfavorable course of activity limitations are identifiable already at an early stage of the disease.
T144 706993-707070 Sentence denotes Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are an economic and humanitarian burden.
T145 707071-707150 Sentence denotes Amongst them, pain complaints without organic pathology are the most prevalent.
T146 707151-707291 Sentence denotes Theoretically, activated illness-related memory may cause reporting of symptoms by changing perception and interpretation of bodily signals.
T147 707292-707471 Sentence denotes In the current study, we used a subliminal priming technique to test whether activating memory related to illness without conscious awareness leads to increased reporting of pain.
T148 707472-707595 Sentence denotes The subliminal priming task consisted of a simple computer task during which words were shown for a short duration (34 ms).
T149 707596-707868 Sentence denotes Participants were divided over four different conditions, with prime words describing either (a) health complaints, to activate an illnessrelated memory, or three control categories: (b) neutral words, (c) words describing bodily sensations and (d) negative valence words.
T150 707869-708060 Sentence denotes The latter two conditions were added to test whether reduced pain tolerance would already be observed after the semantic activation of these two components or correlates of health complaints.
T151 708061-708117 Sentence denotes For pain stimulation, we used a cold pressor task (CPT).
T152 708118-708274 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that participants primed with health complaint words would show less pain tolerance (PT) compared to participants primed with neutral words.
T153 708275-708362 Sentence denotes Participants were healthy students (n=66; mean age=21.57 years, SD=3.45; 84.8% female).
T154 708363-708592 Sentence denotes Participants primed with health complaint words (n=15; mean PT=77.9 s, SD=79.7) showed reduced pain tolerance compared to participants primed with neutral words (n=17; mean PT=127.2 s, SD=92.5), t(30)=-1.963, p=.027 (one-tailed).
T155 708593-708906 Sentence denotes Participants primed with either sensation words (n=17; mean PT=95.9 s, SD=75.3) or negative valence words (n=17; mean PT=95.4 s, SD=77.8) did not significantly differ in pain tolerance from participants primed with neutral words, respectively t(32)=-0.581, p=.282 (one-tailed) & t(32)=-0.859, p=.197 (one-tailed).
T156 708907-708993 Sentence denotes Thus, pain complaints can be involuntary produced by activated illness-related memory.
T157 708994-709066 Sentence denotes This memory is thought to be chronically over-activated in MUS patients.
T158 709067-709186 Sentence denotes This would explain why they have complaints without observable bodily pathology and thus without a medical explanation.
T159 709187-709198 Sentence denotes Background:
T160 709199-709341 Sentence denotes Catastrophizing is an integral concept in the fearavoidance model of chronic pain, which has only recently been applied to headache disorders.
T161 709342-709426 Sentence denotes Thorn (2007) found that behavioral treatment decreases pain-related catastrophizing.
T162 709427-709533 Sentence denotes Holroyd (2007) found that lower levels of catastrophizing were associated with lower levels of disability.
T163 709534-709673 Sentence denotes The relationship between changes in catastrophizing and changes in disability in the treatment of headache disorders has not been examined.
T164 709674-709682 Sentence denotes Methods:
T165 709683-709816 Sentence denotes After receiving one month of optimal acute therapy, 232 severe migraine sufferers (79% female) were randomized into a 2 Introduction:
T166 709817-709969 Sentence denotes In the rehabilitation of non-specific chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients the emphasis has shifted from biomedical to bio-psychosocial rehabilitation.
T167 709970-710028 Sentence denotes These rehabilitation programs reduce perceived disability.
T168 710029-710099 Sentence denotes However it is unclear which determinants contribute to this reduction.
T169 710100-710262 Sentence denotes Change in psychophysical capacity, calculated as the ratio between physical capacity and perceived effort, may be a determinant of change in perceived disability.
T170 710263-710267 Sentence denotes Aim:
T171 710268-710520 Sentence denotes The aim of this historical cohort study was to identify determinants for change in perceived disability measured with the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) in patients with non-specific CLBP after a cognitive somatic rehabilitation program.
T172 710521-710528 Sentence denotes Method:
T173 710529-710634 Sentence denotes Data of 84 outpatients with non-specific CLBP who participated in a rehabilitation program were gathered.
T174 710635-710885 Sentence denotes Aerobic capacity, physical lifting capacity, perceived lifting effort, psychophysical capacity (psychophysical static leg lift, psychophysical static trunk lift, psychophysical dynamic lifting capacity), and perceived disability (RMDQ) were assessed.
T175 710886-710965 Sentence denotes Associations between change in RMDQ and potential determinants were calculated.
T176 710966-711091 Sentence denotes Variables significantly changed with the change in RMDQ were entered in a multivariate linear regression analysis (backward).
T177 711092-711100 Sentence denotes Results:
T178 711101-711312 Sentence denotes Change in psychophysical static trunk lift (r=−0.51) and psychophysical dynamic lifting capacity (r=−0.53) and psychophysical static leg lift capacity (r=−0.23) were significantly associated with change in RMDQ.
T179 711313-711622 Sentence denotes The RMDQ score at baseline (β=−0.438), change in psychophysical dynamic lifting capacity (β=−0.109), psychophysical static trunk lift capacity (β=−0.038), psychophysical static leg lift capacity (β=−0.012) and static leg lift capacity (β =0.007) all contributed significantly to the regression model (r2=52%).
T180 711623-711634 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T181 711635-711791 Sentence denotes Improvements in psychophysical lifting capacity are determinants for a reduction of perceived disability after rehabilitation in non-specific CLBP patients.
T182 711792-711797 Sentence denotes Aims:
T183 711798-712127 Sentence denotes Because there is little information on interventions for Asians and Pacific Islanders (API) the purpose of this study was to 1) examine the effects of cognitive behavioral intervention (CBI) on improving health, psychosocial, and behavioral outcomes in API with type 2 diabetes; and to 2) determine variations between the groups.
T184 712128-712244 Sentence denotes Methods: API participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled and randomized into two groups.
T185 712245-712391 Sentence denotes Groups met for 6 successive weekly meetings that averaged 2 hours, with group sizes ranging between 2-6 participants and their significant others.
T186 712392-712576 Sentence denotes Participants in the CBI group were provided 6 modules on mood management, relaxation, biofeedback, cognitive restructuring, values clarification, and cultural responses to life styles.
T187 712577-712754 Sentence denotes The diabetes educational/support (DES) group participants were provided modules of a refresher course on diabetes education topics and allowed to express their issues and needs.
T188 712755-712921 Sentence denotes They all completed a demographic form, and various measures on depression, quality of life, self efficacy, self-care activities, health beliefs and adherence measure.
T189 712922-712930 Sentence denotes Results:
T190 712931-713011 Sentence denotes The 207 participants between the ages of 18-76 years had a mean age of 58 years.
T191 713012-713087 Sentence denotes Three-fourths of the participants were Asians and one fourth primarily PIs.
T192 713088-713263 Sentence denotes Pre and post intervention data indicated that the CBI group on the CESD scored 1.95 units lower than the DES group (p<0.02), a 19.3% decrease relative to the baseline average.
T193 713264-713432 Sentence denotes For the SF-36 subscale on emotional well being, the CBI group scored 3.92 units higher than the DES group (p< 0.0457), a 4.9% increase relative to the baseline average.
T194 713433-713575 Sentence denotes On the Fatigue subscale, the CBI group scored 4.72 units higher than the DES group (p<0.03), a 7.9% increase relative to the baseline average.
T195 713576-713588 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T196 713589-713692 Sentence denotes Initial intervention results indicate efficacy of CBI for depression and some quality of life measures.
T197 713693-713803 Sentence denotes The important long term effects of CBI will be assessed with the soon to be completed one-year follow up data.
T198 713804-713903 Sentence denotes The 23rd of April, the Mexican population woke up to an unfamiliar influenza epidemiological alarm.
T199 713904-713974 Sentence denotes The Mexican government implemented vigorous pandemic control measures.
T200 713975-714150 Sentence denotes The objective of the present study was to describe the psycho-social reactions to the epidemic, risk perception behaviors and compliance with the recommended control measures.
T201 714151-714288 Sentence denotes An online questionnaire that was posted at the National University's Web page in May 2009, was answered by 13,690 students and employees.
T202 714289-714412 Sentence denotes Knowledge, beliefs, perceptions, attitudes and behaviors in regard to both, the epidemic and the contingency, were studied.
T203 714413-714421 Sentence denotes Results:
T204 714422-714568 Sentence denotes 23% of the population believed that the epidemic was not real but in fact political manipulation, while 34% thought it was a new influenza strain.
T205 714569-714700 Sentence denotes Worry was the most commonly reported feeling in the academic employees (74%), while students felt mainly confused or anxious (40%).
T206 714701-714926 Sentence denotes The measurement of the chronological tendency of these feelings showed that at the beginning the population was mainly worried and anxious, then they felt confused, isolated and depressed, and finally they felt discriminated.
T207 714927-715053 Sentence denotes Information was the most widely expressed need during the contingency and the University Web page was the most trusted source.
T208 715054-715134 Sentence denotes 55% thought that the epidemic was more severe in Mexico than in other countries.
T209 715135-715251 Sentence denotes The higher the perceived severity of the problem, the higher the acceptance of vigorous population control measures.
T210 715252-715402 Sentence denotes Those that personally knew someone affected by the influenza A H1N1 virus were more likely to have sought the seasonal flu vaccine (OR 2.1, p<0.0001).
T211 715403-715674 Sentence denotes Contingency had the following social impacts on daily life: impossibility to assist to public entertainment places which were closed (68%), interruption of academic work (60%), increased time with the family (50%), more frequent hand washing (91%) and mask wearing (66%).
T212 715675-715759 Sentence denotes Immediate behavioral research must be considered within epidemic preparedness plans.
T213 715760-715847 Sentence denotes People with psychosis are at increased risk of weight gain, heart disease and diabetes.
T214 715848-715959 Sentence denotes While part of this risk is attributable to medication, the impact of psychosis on life style also plays a role.
T215 715960-716059 Sentence denotes We aimed to design and test an intervention to encourage exercise and healthy eating in this group.
T216 716060-716259 Sentence denotes Our development work included a systematic review of previous randomised controlled trials of healthy living interventions, to determine which aspects of interventions had been successful previously.
T217 716260-716383 Sentence denotes We interviewed service-users and case-managers to determine preferences, accessibility and feasibility of different models.
T218 716384-716566 Sentence denotes We performed a systematic synthesis of the outputs of these exercises, and used this to design a culturally sensitive intervention incorporating theory-based intervention techniques.
T219 716567-716713 Sentence denotes Our systematic review suggested that our intervention should last longer than a few months, and that it should include some structured activities.
T220 716714-716847 Sentence denotes Some service users expressed a preference for group activities while others preferred to meet with a therapist on a one-to-one basis.
T221 716848-717034 Sentence denotes Our intervention employs a mix of one-to-one sessions with a trained support-time-recovery (STR) worker, and the opportunity to join activities and groups facilitated by exservice-users.
T222 717035-717164 Sentence denotes It starts by eliciting service users' beliefs and knowledge about their weight gain, their motivations to change and their goals.
T223 717165-717324 Sentence denotes Service users and STR workers then collaboratively develop action plans with cues for action, strategies for overcoming barriers, regular reviews and feedback.
T224 717325-717369 Sentence denotes The intervention is currently being piloted.
T225 717370-717455 Sentence denotes The potential strengths and limitations of our development process will be discussed.
T226 717456-717464 Sentence denotes Purpose:
T227 717465-717529 Sentence denotes Sleep problems and obesity are prevalent public health problems.
T228 717530-717610 Sentence denotes However, the contribution of sleep problems to weight gain is poorly understood.
T229 717611-717678 Sentence denotes We examined sleep problems as predictors of subsequent weight gain.
T230 717679-717687 Sentence denotes Methods:
T231 717688-717848 Sentence denotes Data were derived from baseline (2000-2002, response rate 67%) and follow-up (2007, response rate 83%) postal questionnaires surveys (n=7330, aged 40-60 years).
T232 717849-717926 Sentence denotes At baseline, all participants were employed by the City of Helsinki, Finland.
T233 717927-718028 Sentence denotes The follow-up questionnaire surveys were mailed to all those who returned the baseline questionnaire.
T234 718029-718068 Sentence denotes Weights and heights were self-reported.
T235 718069-718180 Sentence denotes Those who had gained at least five kilograms during the follow-up were examined as reporting major weight gain.
T236 718181-718308 Sentence denotes Sleep problems were measured by problems maintaining and initiating sleep, and non-restorative sleep during the previous month.
T237 718309-718489 Sentence denotes Logistic regression models were fitted, adjusting for age, baseline body mass index, socio-demographic background, health behaviours, health status, sleep duration, and shift work.
T238 718490-718498 Sentence denotes Results:
T239 718499-718594 Sentence denotes Altogether 26% of women and 24% of men had gained at least five kilograms during the follow-up.
T240 718595-718771 Sentence denotes Sleep problems at least three times a week (20% of women and 17% of men) were associated with major weight gain among women after adjusting for age (OR 1.41; CI 95% 1.13-1.75).
T241 718772-719005 Sentence denotes The adjustments for baseline body mass index, marital status, education, heavy drinking, current smoking, physical activity, limiting long standing illness, sleep duration, and shift work had practically no effect on the association.
T242 719006-719083 Sentence denotes However, adjustment for baseline mental disorders attenuated the association.
T243 719084-719151 Sentence denotes Among men, none of the associations were statistically significant.
T244 719152-719164 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T245 719165-719282 Sentence denotes Sleep problems remained associated with weight gain among women after pertinent risk factors have been accounted for.
T246 719283-719405 Sentence denotes Associations among men and the effects of co-occurrence of mental health problems need to be confirmed in further studies.
T247 719406-719518 Sentence denotes Promoting better sleep and preventing sleep problems might help prevent weight gain and subsequent health risks.
T248 719519-719589 Sentence denotes Tinnitus can lead to a substantial decline in psychological wellbeing.
T249 719590-719736 Sentence denotes Existing treatments focus mainly on chronic tinnitus-sufferers, but treatment in the acute phase seems also desirable to prevent a decompensation.
T250 719737-719852 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to develop a self-help program for acute tinnitus-sufferers and to evaluate its efficacy.
T251 719853-719981 Sentence denotes Participants were 18 to 75 years old and had suffered a minimum of two weeks and a maximum of 6 months from subjective tinnitus.
T252 719982-719988 Sentence denotes Int.J.
T253 719989-719995 Sentence denotes Behav.
T254 719996-720027 Sentence denotes Med. (2010) 17(Suppl 1):S1-S329
T255 720028-720156 Sentence denotes They were randomly assigned to either a CBT-based self-help treatment (internet-or paper-based, n=68) or a control group (n=38).
T256 720157-720278 Sentence denotes Some basic information about tinnitus was given to members of the control group, none of which was relevant to treatment.
T257 720279-720349 Sentence denotes Tinnitus distress and coping abilities were measured as main outcomes.
T258 720350-720433 Sentence denotes Assessments were performed via self-report inventories at entry and after 3 months.
T259 720434-720587 Sentence denotes Results of a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed that overall tinnitus distress improved in both groups over time (F (104) = 40.27, p=.000, Eta2=.28).
T260 720588-720724 Sentence denotes In addition, the intervention condition led to more extended improvement than the control condition (F (104) = 12.56, p=.001, Eta2=.11).
T261 720725-720914 Sentence denotes In both groups use of helpful self-instructions became more likely over time (F(99) = 5.86, p=.017, Eta2=.06) while unhelpful self-instructions decreased (F (99) = 15.59, p=.000, Eta2=.17).
T262 720915-721150 Sentence denotes Between-group comparison showed that participants in the self-help program reported more helpful self-instructions (F(99) = 5.66, p.=.019, Eta2=.05) and fewer unhelpful self-instructions (F (99) = 5.78, p=.018, Eta2=.06) than controls.
T263 721151-721268 Sentence denotes Post-hoc tests revealed no differences between internet-based and paper-based intervention and the control condition.
T264 721269-721405 Sentence denotes The results indicate that the self-help manual leads to additional improvement regarding tinnitus distress and enhances copingabilities.
T265 721406-721530 Sentence denotes To further investigate the long-term effects of the program on tinnitus distress a 6-month follow-up measurement is planned.
T266 721531-721585 Sentence denotes Fatigue is a symptom common to many chronic illnesses.
T267 721586-721686 Sentence denotes It is also an unpleasant side-effect of medical interventions such as curative treatment for cancer.
T268 721687-721835 Sentence denotes Even when fatigue is not one of the key presenting symptoms, it if often described by patients as one of the most disabling and difficult to manage.
T269 721836-722083 Sentence denotes This symposium will present a series of treatment trials which have looked at cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) treatment packages for fatigue in three different patient groups, cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).
T270 722084-722165 Sentence denotes Four key questions will be addressed during the symposium talks and discussion 1.
T271 722166-722226 Sentence denotes Is CBT an effective treatment for fatigue across conditions?
T272 722227-722229 Sentence denotes 2.
T273 722230-722336 Sentence denotes Can CBT for fatigue be offered in a more cost-effective and potentially widely available web-based format?
T274 722337-722339 Sentence denotes 3.
T275 722340-722402 Sentence denotes What are the key mediators of CBT in the treatment of fatigue?
T276 722403-722405 Sentence denotes 4.
T277 722406-722499 Sentence denotes How can our understanding of mechanisms of change in CBT help maximise our treatment effects?
T278 722500-722669 Sentence denotes The first talk presents data from a randomised controlled trial of CBT versus a brief nursing intervention for the reduction of fatigue during curative cancer treatment.
T279 722670-722718 Sentence denotes CBT is shown to be the only effective treatment.
T280 722719-722801 Sentence denotes Interestingly, increases in physical activity do not mediate the treatment effect.
T281 722802-722896 Sentence denotes The second study shows that therapist driven CBT is useful for the treatment of fatigue in MS.
T282 722897-723022 Sentence denotes Mediation analysis suggests that the key mediator of change in fatigue is change in patients' negative beliefs about fatigue.
T283 723023-723113 Sentence denotes The third study discusses the development of a web-based intervention to treat MS fatigue.
T284 723114-723276 Sentence denotes Data from a pilot RCT suggests that this approach can substantially reduce fatigue and is economical, but the effect size is smaller than therapist delivered CBT.
T285 723277-723444 Sentence denotes The final presentation looks at both mediators and predictors of the effectiveness of CBT in a sample of patients undergoing treatment at a specialised fatigue clinic.
T286 723445-723589 Sentence denotes Catastrophising about symptoms is the key treatment mediator, while extreme behavioural or cognitive avoidance predicts worse treatment outcome.
T287 723590-723686 Sentence denotes The symposium discussion will focus on the best way to package CBT for different patient groups.
T288 723687-723809 Sentence denotes How the findings from these talks can help us understand models of fatigue and treatment processes will also be addressed.
T289 723810-723843 Sentence denotes Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
T290 723844-723854 Sentence denotes Background
T291 723855-723977 Sentence denotes The majority of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) report fatigue that is often chronic and interferes with daily life.
T292 723978-724140 Sentence denotes Although fatigue in MS is poorly understood, cognitions and behaviours in relation to symptoms and fatigue appear to play a role in the maintenance of MS fatigue.
T293 724141-724231 Sentence denotes An intervention was developed on the basis of a cognitive-behavioural model of MS fatigue.
T294 724232-724331 Sentence denotes The efficacy of this cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) was tested in a randomised controlled trial.
T295 724332-724436 Sentence denotes CBT resulted in a greater reduction in MS fatigue than relaxation training directly following treatment.
T296 724437-724523 Sentence denotes In this study the data of this RCT were reanalysed to address the following questions:
T297 724524-724670 Sentence denotes 1) Does CBT lead to significant change in the cognitions and behaviours hypothesised to perpetuate MS fatigue when compared to relaxation therapy?
T298 724671-724762 Sentence denotes 2) Do any of these cognitive-behavioural variables mediate the effect of CBT on MS fatigue?
T299 724763-724842 Sentence denotes Method 70 patients were randomised to CBT (n=35) or relaxation training (n=35).
T300 724843-725077 Sentence denotes Patients completed the Cognitive and Behavioural Responses to Symptoms Questionnaire, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) which was modified to measure beliefs about fatigue, and the Fatigue Scale, pre-and post-therapy.
T301 725078-725220 Sentence denotes Multiple mediation analysis using bootstrapping was used to determine which of the variables mediated the change in fatigue brought on by CBT.
T302 725221-725306 Sentence denotes There was a significant change in several cognitive variables directly following CBT.
T303 725307-725467 Sentence denotes Patients focused less on MS symptoms and their interpretation of MS symptoms became less negative (embarrassment, catastrophising and damage beliefs decreased).
T304 725468-725553 Sentence denotes Also, the overall perception of fatigue, measured by the B-IPQ, became more positive.
T305 725554-725695 Sentence denotes Mediation analysis showed that the change in fatigue severity in the CBT group was fully mediated by the change in the perception of fatigue.
T306 725696-725761 Sentence denotes Change in anxiety also co-variated with the reduction in fatigue.
T307 725762-725852 Sentence denotes Discussion Changing beliefs about fatigue seems an important factor in CBT for MS fatigue.
T308 725853-725925 Sentence denotes The change in fatigue is also closely related to a reduction in anxiety.
T309 725926-726056 Sentence denotes The results of the present study are comparable to those investigating the effects of CBT for chronic fatigue in other conditions.
T310 726057-726068 Sentence denotes Background:
T311 726069-726164 Sentence denotes Fatigue is a common, distressing and disabling symptom associated with multiple sclerosis (MS).
T312 726165-726287 Sentence denotes Therapist delivered, manualised cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to be effective in treating MS fatigue.
T313 726288-726417 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to develop and pilot the efficacy and costeffectiveness of a web-based version of this CBT package.
T314 726418-726426 Sentence denotes Methods:
T315 726427-726548 Sentence denotes The MS-Invigor8 programme was developed over 9 months by a team of software developers, psychologists and people with MS.
T316 726549-726707 Sentence denotes 40 patients with MS fatigue were then randomised to the web intervention in conjunction with 3 therapy phone calls (n=23) or a wait list control group (n=17).
T317 726708-726838 Sentence denotes Patients were assessed using standardised self-report measures of fatigue severity and impact prerandomisation and 10 weeks later.
T318 726839-726934 Sentence denotes They also completed measures of health care use and quality of life for the economics analysis.
T319 726935-727042 Sentence denotes Patients in the intervention group were interviewed to see how they had experienced the treatment approach.
T320 727043-727051 Sentence denotes Results:
T321 727052-727320 Sentence denotes Intention-to-treat analysis showed that patients randomised to MS-Invigor8 reported significantly greater reductions on the Fatigue Scale (F(3,36) = 16.59, p<.001) and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (F(3,34) = 17.15, p<.001) at 10 weeks than those on the wait list.
T322 727321-727561 Sentence denotes The QALY gain based on the EQ-5D was 0.015 higher in the intervention group (p=0.038), but there were no differences in service SS17b HOW IMPORTANT IS INCREASING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AIMING TO REDUCE FATIGUE DURING CURATIVE CANCER TREATMENT?
T323 727562-727730 Sentence denotes A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF A BRIEF NURSING INTERVENTION AND COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY The assumption is that physical activity is essential to reduce fatigue.
T324 727731-727857 Sentence denotes However, the mediating role of physical activity in fatigue interventions during cancer treatment has never been demonstrated.
T325 727858-727989 Sentence denotes Our aim was to evaluate two interventions during curative cancer treatment in a RCT and to determine the role of physical activity.
T326 727990-728257 Sentence denotes Patients (N=220) with various malignancies receiving cancer treatment with curative intent were assessed before (T1) and two months after cancer treatment (T2) and randomized to a brief nursing intervention (BNI), cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) or usual care (UC).
T327 728258-728372 Sentence denotes Fatigue was measured with the Checklist Individual Strength, physical activity with actigraphy and questionnaires.
T328 728373-728481 Sentence denotes The BNI (2 sessions) focused solely on increasing and maintaining physical activity during cancer treatment.
T329 728482-728708 Sentence denotes The CBT (6 sessions) focused additionally on regulating the sleep-wake cycle, accepting the consequences of cancer and treatment, managing the experience of cancer in relation with others, and challenging to make future plans.
T330 728709-728854 Sentence denotes The CBT group was significantly less fatigued after cancer treatment compared to the UC, but no difference was found between BNI and UC (ANCOVA).
T331 728855-728975 Sentence denotes Mediation analysis showed that none of the physical activity measures mediated the reduction in fatigue realised by CBT.
T332 728976-729059 Sentence denotes Conclusion: CBT proved to be effective in reducing fatigue during cancer treatment.
T333 729060-729121 Sentence denotes Physical activity had no mediating role in the effect of CBT.
T334 729122-729274 Sentence denotes Thus, our findings indicate that with CBT it was possible to realize a significant reduction in fatigue without a lasting increase in physical activity.
T335 729275-729320 Sentence denotes Funding provided by the Dutch Cancer Society.
T336 729321-729344 Sentence denotes use between the groups.
T337 729345-729424 Sentence denotes The mean number of sessions completed in the intervention group was 5 out of 8.
T338 729425-729675 Sentence denotes Qualitative data suggested that most patients found the programme and telephone sessions helpful, had made lifestyle modifications to manage their fatigue, felt they were more in control of their fatigue and had greater understanding of this symptom.
T339 729676-729738 Sentence denotes Modifications were suggested to further improve the programme.
T340 729739-729750 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T341 729751-729886 Sentence denotes This pilot study suggests that computerised CBT may be an effective, accessible and acceptable intervention for managing fatigue in MS.
T342 729887-730058 Sentence denotes The improvements in quality of life and the relatively low cost of the intervention highlight the potential for it to be a costeffective way of offering CBT to this group.
T343 730059-730070 Sentence denotes Background:
T344 730071-730166 Sentence denotes Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).
T345 730167-730278 Sentence denotes The process of change in cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is potentially complex.
T346 730279-730287 Sentence denotes Methods:
T347 730288-730376 Sentence denotes First we examined whether cognitive behavioural responses changed after a course of CBT.
T348 730377-730593 Sentence denotes Second, we investigated which cognitive and behavioural responses were important in mediating change in the treatment of CFS/ME and examined factors which predicted treatment outcome in a specialist clinic in the UK.
T349 730594-730603 Sentence denotes Findings:
T350 730604-730677 Sentence denotes Three hundred and fifty six patients entered the study and commenced CBT.
T351 730678-730757 Sentence denotes Change in catastrophic thinking mediated change in social adjustment in CFS/ME.
T352 730758-730848 Sentence denotes Extreme behavioural and cognitive avoidance predicted worse social adjustment and fatigue.
T353 730849-730860 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T354 730861-730995 Sentence denotes Implications of these findings for understanding treatment process and mechanisms of change in a range of disorders will be discussed.
T355 730996-731159 Sentence denotes Investigators in these countries are developing behavioral interventions, grounded in the Preventive Health Model (PHM),that can be used to increase CRC screening.
T356 731160-731419 Sentence denotes In Australia, the Adelaide Colorectal Cancer Collaborative has developed a web-based, interactive decision support tool that utilizes empirical evidence about the predictors of screening to deliver tailored information designed to improve readiness to screen.
T357 731420-731749 Sentence denotes In several Canadian provinces, the Institute for Health Research Team is carrying out pilot studies of invitation letter promotions related to stool blood testing and colonoscopy, initiating tailored-navigation intervention research, and developing CRC screening management software useful for multiple cancer screening programs.
T358 731750-731948 Sentence denotes In the United States at the Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University, preferencebased tailored navigation methods are being tested in diverse populations served by primary care practices.
T359 731949-732085 Sentence denotes In each setting, developmental research had has been completed and randomized controlled trials of PHM-based interventions are underway.
T360 732086-732311 Sentence denotes The symposium will elaborate the theoretical foundation for the international research initiatives; describe tailored navigation interventions and provide data on implementation results; and summarize lessons learned to date.
T361 732312-732323 Sentence denotes Background:
T362 732324-732375 Sentence denotes Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is underutilized.
T363 732376-732431 Sentence denotes Effective methods to increase screening use are needed.
T364 732432-732530 Sentence denotes This study sought to determine the impact of tailored navigation on CRC screening in primary care.
T365 732531-732539 Sentence denotes Methods:
T366 732540-732728 Sentence denotes The study included 154 primary care practice patients who were 50 or more years of age, were eligible for CRC screening, and had an office visit within two years prior to study initiation.
T367 732729-732928 Sentence denotes Baseline telephone survey data were collected on participant sociodemographic characteristics, psychosocial factors, and screening test (fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or colonoscopy) decision stage.
T368 732929-733052 Sentence denotes By comparing decision stage data, we identified that test with the highest decision stage (i.e., preferred screening test).
T369 733053-733122 Sentence denotes Participants who preferred FOBT were sent an FOBT kit and a reminder.
T370 733123-733187 Sentence denotes Those preferring colonoscopy were sent colonoscopy instructions.
T371 733188-733296 Sentence denotes After this mailing, a study patient navigator made a telephone call to guide participants towards screening.
T372 733297-733362 Sentence denotes Six-month endpoint survey and medical records data were obtained.
T373 733363-733510 Sentence denotes Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors of screening and of change in preferred screening test decision stage.
T374 733511-733519 Sentence denotes Results:
T375 733520-733574 Sentence denotes At endpoint, 63 (41%) study participants had screened.
T376 733575-733667 Sentence denotes From baseline to endpoint, overall screening preference increased for 75 (63%) participants.
T377 733668-733916 Sentence denotes Age and perceived salience and coherence (i.e., screening is important and sensible) were positive, significant predictors of screening use (p=0.02 and p=0.05, respectively); while only age predicted change in overall screening preference (p=0.03).
T378 733917-734148 Sentence denotes In 2007, Ontario (population, 12.9 million) launched a provincewide CRC screening program, ColonCancerCheck, offering FOBT to average risk individuals and colonoscopy to individuals with first degree family members affected by CRC.
T379 734149-734491 Sentence denotes Also in 2007, the Alberta Colorectal Cancer Screening Program was launched, an initiative recommending all provincial residents be tested annually with FOBT (beginning at age 50) while in 2008, the Forzani and MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, opened in Calgary ( Alberta) the only non-hospital Canadian colon cancer screening facility.
T380 734492-734618 Sentence denotes In Canada, only 40% report being up-to-date CRC screening using FOBT or endoscopy, with FOBT compliance especially suboptimal.
T381 734619-735045 Sentence denotes The Canadian Institute for Health Research Team in Population-based Colorectal Cancer Screening was accordingly funded to investigate CRC screening activities in several provinces and to originate multiple activities, notably focus groups aimed at ascertaining optimal methods for promoting FOBT-CRC and Targeted and Tailored-Navigated Intervention Trials that directly test specific approaches to increasing screening uptake.
T382 735046-735471 Sentence denotes In this presentation, a range of findings will be shared, as related to regionally-diverse Focus Group Studies, pilot studies of invitation letter promotions on a provincial basis (Ontario) and to individuals awaiting colonoscopies (Alberta); and Tailored-Navigation interventions directed at attendees of a large primary care practice where patient navigators undertake promotion/ information related to screening promotion.
T383 735472-735583 Sentence denotes Findings will also be shared from efforts in Saskatchewan, Canada to develop CRC screening management software.
T384 735584-735675 Sentence denotes In 2006, the Australian government implemented the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program.
T385 735676-735732 Sentence denotes Invitations were sent to people turning 55 and 65 years.
T386 735733-735825 Sentence denotes They offered the opportunity to screen for Bowel Cancer with the Faecal Immunochemical Test.
T387 735826-735855 Sentence denotes Participation rate was 39.7%.
T388 735856-735933 Sentence denotes This less than optimal uptake highlights the size of public health challenge.
T389 735934-736044 Sentence denotes How do we optimize participation rates utilizing publicly delivered rather than clinician-based interventions?
T1 736045-736143 Sentence denotes The Adelaide Colorectal Cancer Collaborative has undertaken trials designed to identify solutions.
T2 736144-736442 Sentence denotes Results indicate improved participation associated with use of an advance notification letter, reminder letters, medical practitioner endorsement (including personalized letters), the removal of dietary restrictions from the requirements of testing, and minimally "distasteful" sampling technology.
T3 736443-736558 Sentence denotes Recent behavioral studies have further highlighted the importance of addressing attitudinal and cognitive barriers.
T4 736559-736914 Sentence denotes These studies indicate that the Australian population is influenced by the way messages are framed, confidence in their capacity to use the kit (self-efficacy), perceived salience and coherence of screening, cancer worries, response efficacy (i.e., belief in the effectiveness of screening), social influences and perceived susceptibility to bowel cancer.
T5 736915-737138 Sentence denotes The collaborative has also developed a web-based, interactive decision support tool that utilizes empirical evidence about the predictors of screening to deliver tailored information designed to improve readiness to screen.
T6 737139-737199 Sentence denotes Pilot data highlight the potential utility of this approach.
T7 737200-737559 Sentence denotes They document the prevalence of internet use and acceptability in the target age group, establish the validity of the social cognitive variables included in the decision support tool as correlates of Australians' readiness to screen for bowel cancer, and demonstrate within the laboratory, the greater effectiveness of tailored compared with generic messages.
T8 737560-737772 Sentence denotes Medically unexplained physical symptoms are a major challenge not only for the general health care system, but also for the development of reliable and valid classification approaches and effective interventions.
T9 737773-737920 Sentence denotes A revision of the classification of somatoform disorders seems necessary, although there is continuing discussion what should be revised in detail.
T10 737921-738162 Sentence denotes Joel Dimsdale, the speaker of the DSM-V work group, will present the latest DSM-V proposal for the classification of somatic symptoms causing significant psychological distress, and empirical data supporting this new classification approach.
T11 738163-738330 Sentence denotes Per Fink and colleagues will provide data from Denmark indicating one new approach to tackle diagnostic problems of somatoform disorders, and its empirical validation.
T12 738331-738380 Sentence denotes New frontiers of interventions are reported by A.
T13 738381-738431 Sentence denotes Schröder who focus on functional somatic symptoms.
T14 738432-738663 Sentence denotes The presentation of Arthur Barsky will finally address the different nature of somatic symptoms, and especially the distinction between nonpathological bodily discomfort versus psychopathological features that need to be diagnosed.
T15 738664-738804 Sentence denotes The symposium will result in a discussion of future options for classification and treatment of this prevalent and costly medical condition.
T16 738805-738973 Sentence denotes Medically unexplained somatic symptoms may result from many sources other than psychiatric disorder, and somatization therefore is not by definition psychopathological.
T17 738974-739117 Sentence denotes Such symptoms are a final common pathway for the expression of situational, intrapsychic, behavioral, interpersonal and sociocultural distress.
T18 739118-739255 Sentence denotes Symptoms without a serious medical cause are a nearly universal human experience, arising in the daily lives of perfectly healthy people.
T19 739256-739479 Sentence denotes Some are a non-verbal interpersonal communication in which the individual seeks the acknowledgment from others that they are in distress and suffering, hoping thereby to secure special attention, support, and consideration.
T20 739480-739681 Sentence denotes For some patients, a lifetime of medically unexplained complaints can be best conceptualized as a stable personality trait, one that has been associated with other enduring personality characteristics.
T21 739682-739827 Sentence denotes Somatization can also be understood as a form of illness and sick role behaviornot something an individual has, but rather something he/she does.
T22 739828-739998 Sentence denotes Alternatively, emotional distress, particularly when combined with certain early childhood experiences of trauma, adversity or deprivation, can generate somatic symptoms.
T23 739999-740114 Sentence denotes Preoccupied and fearful attachment styles that are learned in childhood can also lead to somatization in adulthood.
T24 740115-740211 Sentence denotes The presentation of medically unexplained symptoms is also subject to socio-cultural influences.
T25 740212-740473 Sentence denotes Cultural norms and values encourage the expression of distress in certain forms and discourage it in others; these cultural forces shape the experience and reporting of bodily symptoms by influencing how they are identified, interpreted, described and reported.
T26 740474-740759 Sentence denotes Finally, the search for neurobiological mechanisms of somatization is under way, implicating the hyperresponsivity of centrally acting proinflammatory cytokines, dysregulation of central and peripheral serotonergic systems, and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
T27 740760-740932 Sentence denotes It is only when these medically unexplained symptoms are recurrent, especially distressing, severe, prolonged, and disabling that they may be considered psychopathological.
T28 740933-740944 Sentence denotes Background:
T29 740945-741122 Sentence denotes Functional somatic syndromes (FSS) such as fibromyalgia or irritable bowel syndrome are highly prevalent and may be persistent and disabling for patients and costly to services.
T30 741123-741270 Sentence denotes We assessed the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral group treatment (STreSS) for patients with a variety of severe FSS in improving physical health.
T31 741271-741279 Sentence denotes Methods:
T32 741280-741522 Sentence denotes Patients aged 20-45 year with chronic, disabling FSS or somatoform disorders who met criteria for the unifying diagnosis of severe, multi-organ Bodily distress syndrome were eligible for this randomized trial at a General University Hospital.
T33 741523-741710 Sentence denotes 120 patients were randomly assigned by means of a computer-assisted block protocol to a cognitive behavioral group treatment (54 patients) or to enhanced usual medical care (66 patients).
T34 741711-741861 Sentence denotes The primary outcome was the difference in change from baseline to 16 months in the SF-36 Perceived Physical Health (PPH) score between the two groups.
T35 741862-741897 Sentence denotes Analysis was by intention to treat.
T36 741898-741906 Sentence denotes Results:
T37 741907-742003 Sentence denotes 44 patients in the STreSS group and 50 in the comparison group completed follow-up at 16 months.
T38 742004-742131 Sentence denotes By use of repeated measures mixed effects modeling and multiple imputation, all 120 participants were included in the analysis.
T39 742132-742287 Sentence denotes The adjusted mean difference in PPH score change from baseline to 16 months was 4.1 (95 % CI 1.5-6.7, p=0.002), a moderate effect size (0.51; [0.19-0.83]).
T40 742288-742381 Sentence denotes The number needed to treat to achieve one additional treatment response was 5 (3-53, p=0.03).
T41 742382-742393 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T42 742394-742544 Sentence denotes Specialized Treatment for Severe Bodily Distress Syndromes (STreSS) provides a promising model for the management of patients with various severe FSS.
T43 742545-742662 Sentence denotes Our approach may be a feasible alternative to the current organization of care in many different medical specialties.
T44 742663-742732 Sentence denotes basing the diagnosis on negative rather than positive manifestations.
T45 742733-742778 Sentence denotes Patients regard the terminology as offensive.
T46 742779-742978 Sentence denotes It is difficult to understand the prevalence and treatment of such disorders as long as a hierarchical decision model prevents diagnosing these disorders when other psychiatric disorders are present.
T47 742979-743127 Sentence denotes The workgroup feels that the hallmark of such disorders is the presence of somatic symptoms associated with significant distress and/or dysfunction.
T48 743128-743195 Sentence denotes These disorders typically present first in nonpsychiatric settings.
T49 743196-743352 Sentence denotes Somatic symptoms are common in every day life & may be initiated, exacerbated or maintained by combinations of biological, psychological and social factors.
T50 743353-743450 Sentence denotes Somatic symptom disorders can accompany diverse general medical as well as psychiatric diagnoses.
T51 743451-743595 Sentence denotes When criteria are fulfilled, for example, for major affective disorder and for complex somatic symptom disorder, both diagnoses should be coded.
T52 743596-743631 Sentence denotes Major changes are summarized below:
T53 743632-743953 Sentence denotes 1. move "Psychological Factors Affecting a Medical Condition" from "other factors that may be of interest." 2. introduce a new diagnosis "Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder." This disorder is characterized by multiple somatic symptoms, as well as misattributions, excessive concern or preoccupation with symptoms & illness.
T54 743954-744126 Sentence denotes The workgroup feels that this rubric accurately describes disorders such as somatization disorder, hypochondriasis, undifferentiated somatoform disorder, and pain disorder.
T55 744127-744129 Sentence denotes 3.
T56 744130-744198 Sentence denotes The workgroup proposes changes to criteria for conversion disorders.
T57 744199-744313 Sentence denotes Most notably, we recommend removing the requirement for psychological factors to be associated with symptom onset.
T58 744314-744352 Sentence denotes This matter is difficult to establish.
T59 744353-744498 Sentence denotes There is currently discussion regarding whether conversion disorder is most usefully aligned with somatic symptom disorders or anxiety disorders.
T60 744499-744510 Sentence denotes Background:
T61 744511-744627 Sentence denotes Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection and is often asymptomatic, so early treatment can be difficult.
T62 744628-744734 Sentence denotes The National Chlamydia Screening Programme aimed to increase screening of sexually active 15-24 year olds.
T63 744735-744880 Sentence denotes Half of PCT's are under-performing against the Department of Health's target for all Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) to screen 18% of this population.
T64 744881-744958 Sentence denotes Therefore there is a need to improve opportunistic screening in GP practices.
T65 744959-745133 Sentence denotes As part of a wider project to develop an intervention this study assesses individual staff attitudes and intentions to screening, and informs the content of the intervention.
T66 745134-745141 Sentence denotes Method:
T67 745142-745246 Sentence denotes A theory based survey was developed from previous qualitative and quantitative data from practice staff.
T68 745247-745367 Sentence denotes The survey was administered to clinical and non-clinical staff in GP surgeries; of which 466 had been returned Findings:
T69 745368-745437 Sentence denotes Intention to offer Chlamydia screening was high (mean 5.50, SD=1.07).
T70 745438-745587 Sentence denotes Subjective norms and PBC scores were also high (mean 6.01, SD=1.16; mean 6.24, SD=.82 respectively), with attitude similarly positive (5.97 (SD=.75).
T71 745588-745796 Sentence denotes Linear regression analysis showed that intention significantly predicted approximately 13% variation in behaviour in clinical staff (F=34.708, AdjR2=.131, p<.001) but was insignificant for non-clinical staff.
T72 745797-745937 Sentence denotes Attitude and subjective norms were the most significant predictors of intention (p<.005) whilst PBC did not significantly predict intention.
T73 745938-745949 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T74 745950-746145 Sentence denotes Intention to offer screens is directly related to actual behaviour, and those who have more positive attitudes and perceive their colleagues to be more approving are more likely to offer screens.
T75 746146-746339 Sentence denotes The lack of predictive power with non-clinical staff may reflect their view that offering information is beyond their role, and thus it is important to raise awareness of the value of doing so.
T76 746340-746571 Sentence denotes The challenge of increasing numbers of elderly in need of mental health services in the developing world will not be adequately met without effective undergraduate education for all health professionals caring for elderly patients.
T77 746572-746773 Sentence denotes There is a need for continuing professional training to keep the skills, attitudes and performance of care providers appropriate and update for recognizing and treating old age mental health disorders.
T78 746774-746846 Sentence denotes There is also a need for more research on effective training approaches.
T79 746847-747112 Sentence denotes Keeping this in mind, the present study sought to investigate the level of psychogeriatric knowledge and attitudes towards care of the elderly among primary care personnel of Orissa, India and an assessment of psycho-geriatric training needs in primary health care.
T80 747113-747248 Sentence denotes The specific aims of the study were to explore the present knowledge of geriatric psychiatry among primary care physicians, S232 Int.J.
T81 747249-747255 Sentence denotes Behav.
T82 747256-747441 Sentence denotes Med. (2010) 17(Suppl 1):S1-S329 nurses and social workers and compare it with that of psychiatry residents and nurses and to explore the attitudes of the same groups toward the elderly.
T83 747442-747745 Sentence denotes It was expected that the study results would provide relevant inputs towards developing continuing professional education methods for primary care professionals and to enable them to care for old age mental problems The participants of this study were primary care health workers, nurses and physicians.
T84 747746-747823 Sentence denotes The reference group for comparison comprised psychiatry residents and nurses.
T85 747824-747883 Sentence denotes All were administered knowledge and attitude questionnaire.
T86 747884-748068 Sentence denotes Background questionnaire covering previous psycho-geriatric education, work experience and need for further training was collected and the data were assessed as group mean comparisons.
T87 748069-748218 Sentence denotes Psycho-geriatric knowledge was measured by a 40-item knowledge test on psychopharmacology, clinical syndromes, assessment, old age and psychotherapy.
T88 748219-748286 Sentence denotes The attitudes were measured by a 30-item Likert-type questionnaire.
T89 748287-748459 Sentence denotes The geriatric psychiatry knowledge level and the reported attitudes toward care of the elderly of the primary care groups were significantly lower than the reference group.
T90 748460-748548 Sentence denotes The discrepancy was attributed to lack of adequate training and undergraduate education.
T91 748549-748669 Sentence denotes Most of the participants felt that they could benefit from suitable tailor-made continuous multi-professional education.
T92 748670-748747 Sentence denotes The focus areas for training were clinical assessment and psychopharmacology.
T93 748748-748878 Sentence denotes The multi professional approach was favored in order to optimize the benefits of care for elderly patients with multiple problems.
T94 748879-749039 Sentence denotes There is a need for continuing professional education in old age mental health for primary care personnel and its incorporation into extant primary health care.
T95 749040-749154 Sentence denotes Resources provided by guidelines and modern technology should be available for professionals working with elderly.
T96 749155-749341 Sentence denotes Little is known about the impact of self-efficacy (SE) in changing specific diabetes self-management (DSM) behaviors on patient adherence to a DSM regimen, compared to general SE in DSM.
T97 749342-749663 Sentence denotes We used data from the American Association of Diabetes Educators Outcome System, implemented in eight DSM education programs in western Pennsylvania, to examine the bivariate relationship between adherence to the DSM regimen and SE in changing specific behaviors and general SE in DSM among patients with type 2 diabetes.
T98 749664-749867 Sentence denotes DSM regimen adherence was measured as the frequency with which patients followed their recommended DSM regimen, including medication taking, diet, exercise, and self-monitoring of blood glucose [SMBG] ).
T99 749868-749993 Sentence denotes Behavior-specific SE was measured by asking patients their level of confidence in making changes in these four DSM behaviors.
T100 749994-750050 Sentence denotes Higher scores indicated greater adherence or confidence.
T101 750051-750202 Sentence denotes General SE in DSM was measured by asking "How sure are you that you can manage your diabetes?" with four responses (A lot/ some/ a little/ not at all).
T102 750203-750272 Sentence denotes We used correlation and simple linear regression to analyze the data.
T103 750273-750412 Sentence denotes The sample (N=709) was 88.3% white and 53.8% female, with a mean age of 58.2 years and an average of 7.9 years since diagnosis of diabetes.
T104 750413-750667 Sentence denotes We observed a stronger relationship with SE in changing diet (r =.29, p<.001) and exercise (r=.21, p<.05) and the corresponding adherence behaviors than we found between DSM self-efficacy and adherence to diet (r=.14, p<.001) and exercise (r=.10, p<.05).
T105 750668-750806 Sentence denotes These associations remained significant after controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, education, family history, and time since diagnosis.
T106 750807-750926 Sentence denotes Medication adherence was weakly correlated with SE in DSM (r=.09, p=.02) but not medication-specific SE (r=.25, p=.08).
T107 750927-751012 Sentence denotes No associations were found between general or specific SE measures and SMBG (ps>.05).
T108 751013-751085 Sentence denotes Further evidence is needed to confirm our results in a research setting.
T109 751086-751320 Sentence denotes Our findings suggest that promoting patients' confidence in managing their diabetes, especially with respect to making changes in diet and exercise could improve patient adherence to their recommended diabetes self-management regimen.
T110 751321-751332 Sentence denotes Background:
T111 751333-751504 Sentence denotes Training in self management support (SMS) for long term conditions (LTC) were offered to 367 clinicians as a part of The Health Foundation's Co Creating Health Initiative.
T112 751505-751601 Sentence denotes We applied the Self Determination Theory to explain how SMS behaviours are formed and sustained.
T113 751602-751607 Sentence denotes Aims:
T114 751608-751725 Sentence denotes Explore the relationship between motivational regulation to support self management and clinicians' practices in SMS.
T115 751726-751733 Sentence denotes Method:
T116 751734-751760 Sentence denotes We obtained 78 responses .
T117 751761-751894 Sentence denotes To assess the use of SMS practices we applied the Practices in Self Management Support questionnaire (PSMS) developed by the authors.
T118 751895-751935 Sentence denotes The questionnaire comprises 3 subscales:
T119 751936-752066 Sentence denotes Clinical Self Management Support (CSMS), Patient Centeredness (PC) and Organization of Services to Support Self Management (OSMS).
T120 752067-752121 Sentence denotes We adapted the Self-Regulation Background and purpose:
T121 752122-752198 Sentence denotes Stress-related illness with psychosocial antecedents has increased globally.
T122 752199-752323 Sentence denotes Patients seeking help in primary care often exhibit a wide variety of problems with both somatic and psychological symptoms.
T123 752324-752471 Sentence denotes The role of primary care has also changed in relation to psychiatry in that it now constitutes the first-order treatment for psychiatric disorders.
T124 752472-752639 Sentence denotes A biopsychosocial perspective, increased knowledge of behavioural medicine and improved inter-professional collaboration all offer a viable response to this situation.
T125 752640-752796 Sentence denotes Inter-professional courses at the advanced undergraduate level provide opportunities for interprofessional learning, a learning about, and with one another.
T126 752797-753018 Sentence denotes At Karolinska Institutet, a cross-program elective course in applied behavioural medicine has been offered since the fall of 2006, first for medical and psychology students, and since 2008 also for physiotherapy students.
T127 753019-753166 Sentence denotes This presentation describes the course structure and presents evaluation results from the five-week interprofessional course between 2006 and 2009.
T128 753167-753190 Sentence denotes Results and discussion:
T129 753191-753344 Sentence denotes In 2006 and 2007 the course was held with medicine and psychology students; in 2008, only physiother-apy and clinical psychology students were recruited.
T130 753345-753403 Sentence denotes Medical students did not apply due to new program changes.
T131 753404-753539 Sentence denotes All three groups have been very satisfied with the course, experiencing it as an important complement to their undergraduate education.
T132 753540-753671 Sentence denotes It has been rewarding to train themselves to communicate and interact around the patient's problems from each separate perspective.
T133 753672-753806 Sentence denotes Individual professional roles have become clearer, and all indicate their conviction of the need for inter-professional collaboration.
T134 753807-753980 Sentence denotes Evaluation of attitudes toward other professional groups showed that only psychology students changed their perceptions of physicians and physiotherapists during the course.
T135 753981-753992 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T136 753993-754207 Sentence denotes Inter-professional courses at the advanced undergraduate level offer a useful meeting between the different professions and can therefore be an important step in applying bio-psychosocial model to work in practice.
T137 754208-754436 Sentence denotes Results will also be presented from the 2009-10 courses where registered and professionally active physiotherapists, doctors and psychologists have also been recruited as course participants alongside the undergraduate students.
T138 754437-754604 Sentence denotes Disadvantaged children and adolescents need more supportive care, and most studies show that parenting plays a significant role in explaining mental health among them.
T139 754605-754745 Sentence denotes This research is to evaluate connections between supportive behavior and the need of mental care for disadvantaged boys and girls in Taiwan.
T140 754746-754912 Sentence denotes By collecting the data of thirty ordinary families and thirty disadvantaged families, parenting and psychological conditions of children are categorized and compared.
T141 754913-755161 Sentence denotes Major parenting behavior produces results similar to or lower in quality than those acquired from ordinary families; however, according to the analysis of scale, disadvantaged boys and girls face more conflicts and difficulties in mental condition.
T142 755162-755272 Sentence denotes Even though parenting affects the mental health of young kids, it seems that other factors must be considered.
T143 755273-755366 Sentence denotes Findings provide empirical support for further research and practice in supportive parenting.
T144 755367-755508 Sentence denotes Additionally, the attitude of children and adolescents on feeling supportive behavior is also a key aspect to understand their mental health.
T145 755509-755522 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T146 755523-755583 Sentence denotes A child's HSCT is distressing for both parents and children.
T147 755584-755698 Sentence denotes The child experiences side effects to treatment, infections, Graft versus Host Disease under isolation conditions.
T148 755699-755882 Sentence denotes A psychosocial intervention study aimed at reducing parents and child's level of distress identified a group of parents with an immediate, extended need for psychosocial intervention.
T149 755883-755892 Sentence denotes Patients:
T150 755893-756001 Sentence denotes Parents to 25 HSCT children were included in a psychosocial intervention study during the child's admission.
T151 756002-756055 Sentence denotes The intervention included daily psychosocial support.
T152 756056-756064 Sentence denotes Methods:
T153 756065-756120 Sentence denotes Case study combined interviews and observational study.
T154 756121-756129 Sentence denotes Results:
T155 756130-756304 Sentence denotes Parents to 8 of the 25 children had complex psychosocial problems which impaired their ability to support and care for their child during hospitalisation and after discharge.
T156 756305-756340 Sentence denotes The parent's were characterised by:
T157 756341-756551 Sentence denotes 1) low level income 2) low level education 3) low level support 4) marginal relationship to the work market 5) physical illness 6) psychiatric illness 7) nonwestern ethnicity and 8) Danish as a second language.
T158 756552-756663 Sentence denotes Parents of the 8 children had 4 or more of the 8 characteristics, which place them at risk of social exclusion.
T159 756664-756958 Sentence denotes These parents needed individual interventions such as 1) help to understand the child's HSCT treatment 2) the child's reactions 3) extended emotional support 4) help to facilitate communicate with the welfare system 5) additional economical support and 5) additional help to care for the child.
T160 756959-756970 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T161 756971-757218 Sentence denotes Parents' prior psychosocial situation in conjunction with the strain of caring for a HSCT child exceeds the parent's resources, being the reason why psychosocial interventions are required so the child's health is not placed at an additional risk.
T162 757219-757393 Sentence denotes Parents of HSCT children at risk of social exclusion experience difficulties with manoeuvring within the welfare-based system, which increases their risk of social exclusion.
T163 757394-757478 Sentence denotes Psychosocial screening and interventions to parents of HSCT children is recommended.
T164 757479-757566 Sentence denotes Parents reported additional parenting practices, education level and employment status.
T165 757567-757608 Sentence denotes Logistic regression was used in analyses.
T166 757609-757617 Sentence denotes Results:
T167 757618-757955 Sentence denotes Reporting simultaneously high amount of parenting practices and parental care compared to few practices and no parental care was among children associated with a higher probability of frequent nutrient-dense food intake, having a regular meal pattern, sleeping at least 10 hours per night, and having less than 2 hours daily screen time.
T168 757956-758067 Sentence denotes The odds ratio for less screen time was highest when reporting a high amount of practices and no parental care.
T169 758068-758185 Sentence denotes The combination few practices and parental care increased the odds for higher frequent intake of nutrient-dense food.
T170 758186-758287 Sentence denotes No associations were found between parenting practices, parental care and intake of energy-rich food.
T171 758288-758299 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T172 758300-758468 Sentence denotes A high amount of parenting practices concerning daily routines and simultaneously parental care seem to be associated with more favorable health behaviours in children.
T173 758469-758480 Sentence denotes Background:
T174 758481-758555 Sentence denotes A higher prevalence of disruptive behavior is found in boys than in girls.
T175 758556-758764 Sentence denotes The causes and pathways to these problems, such as socio-economic deprivation and maternal depression, remain unclear, particularly in relation to potentially different pathways by gender and at younger ages.
T176 758765-758993 Sentence denotes The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between maternal depression and disruptive behavior and potential pathways via socio-economic circumstance and parenting behaviours in boys and girls in early childhood.
T177 758994-759228 Sentence denotes Data used were from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) made up of 18,552 families recruited between 2000-2001 when the cohort children were aged 9 months old, with follow ups at ages 3 years old (n=15,590) and 5 years old (n=15246).
T178 759229-759238 Sentence denotes Findings:
T179 759239-759370 Sentence denotes At aged 3 12% of boys and 10% of girls had a high conduct score; whilst 11% of boys and 7% of girls had a high hyperactivity score.
T180 759371-759626 Sentence denotes Boys with a depressed mother had a 4.5 times higher odds (unadjusted) of having a high conduct score (p<0.0001) and a two and half times higher odds (unadjusted) of a high hyperactivity score (p<0.0001) compared with boys whose mothers were not depressed.
T181 759627-759868 Sentence denotes Girls with a depressed mother had a 4 times higher odds (unadjusted) of a high conduct score (p <0.0001) and a three-fold higher odds (unadjusted) of a high hyperactivity score (p<0.0001) compared with girls whose mothers were not depressed.
T182 759869-760032 Sentence denotes The relationship was tested using logistic regression models controlling for child and parent characteristics, socio-economic circumstance and parenting behaviors.
T183 760033-760240 Sentence denotes The odds for both boys and girls of depressed mother having a high conduct score remained significantly higher compared to boys and girls of non-depressed mothers but were attenuated to two-fold higher odds.
T184 760241-760498 Sentence denotes The odds of boys with a depressed mother having a high hyperactivity score remained significantly higher compared to boys of nondepressed mothers but decreased to a one and half times higher odds, whilst for girls the relationship was no longer significant.
T185 760499-760510 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T186 760511-760805 Sentence denotes The relationship between maternal depression and a high conduct and hyperactivity score in 3 year old boys and a high conduct score in girls is not wholly accounted for by socio-economic circumstance or parenting behaviors and therefore other mechanisms are likely to be additionally important.
T187 760806-760817 Sentence denotes Background:
T188 760818-760899 Sentence denotes Mothers of young children are increasingly combining paid work with childrearing.
T189 760900-761117 Sentence denotes Empirical evidence on the effects of maternal employment on children is contradictory and has little work has considered the impact of maternal employment within the context of the employment patterns of both parents.
T190 761118-761141 Sentence denotes Objectives and methods:
T191 761142-761312 Sentence denotes This study examines the effects of parental employment in the early years on child socio-emotional behavior at age 5 in a recent birth cohort study in the United Kingdom.
T192 761313-761418 Sentence denotes Participants of the Millennium Cohort Study were born between September 2000 and January 2002 (n=18,819).
T193 761419-762135 Sentence denotes Data on parental employment across three sweeps of data collection (infancy, age 3 and age 5) were used to investigate: (i) whether children whose mothers were in paid work during their first five years were more likely than children whose mothers were at home full-time to display adverse behavioral symptoms at age 5, independent of maternal education, mental health or economic position; (ii) whether effects of maternal employment on child socio-emotional development were cumulative in nature, or whether children were more sensitive to the effects of maternal employment during their first year; and (iii) the effects of different types of parental work arrangements on child socio-emotional behavior at age 5.
T194 762136-762289 Sentence denotes Child socio-emotional behavior was measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire with clinically relevant cut-points for problem behaviors.
T195 762290-762298 Sentence denotes Results:
T196 762299-762430 Sentence denotes No evidence of detrimental effects of maternal employment in the early years on subsequent child socio-emotional behavior was seen.
T197 762431-762541 Sentence denotes There were significant gender differences in the effects of parental work arrangements on behavioral outcomes.
T198 762542-762830 Sentence denotes Girls whose mothers were not in paid work during their first five years were 77% (95% CI= 1.21-2.57) more likely to have behavioral difficulties at age 5 than girls whose mothers were in paid work throughout their early years, independent of maternal characteristics and household income.
T199 762831-763053 Sentence denotes For boys this was not the case, but boys in two-parent households in which their father was not in paid work for at least one period during their first five years were at an increased risk for behavioral problems at age 5.
T200 763054-763277 Sentence denotes The most beneficial working arrangement for both girls and boys was that in which both mothers and fathers were present in the household and in paid work, independent of parental educational attainment and household income.
T201 763278-763494 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study is to develop a cognitive-behavior group intervention program to reduce the hostility levels of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients and to examine its effect on blood coagulation function.
T202 763495-763611 Sentence denotes A case control study with matched age, sex and education, based on a two group pre-and post-test design was adopted.
T203 763612-763786 Sentence denotes Participants of the experimental group were 9 CHD patients (mean age=56.33±10.45, male 67%) who attended a weekly two-and-a-half hour session and did homework for two months.
T204 763787-763999 Sentence denotes The intervention foci included psycho-education, biofeedback-assistant relaxation training, and cognitive-behavior strategies to reduce the levels of hostility affect, hostility cognition, and hostility behavior.
T205 764000-764186 Sentence denotes Participants of the control group were 13 CHD patients (mean age=59.23±6.80, male 69%) who did not receive any psychological treatment until they finished the three-month waiting status.
T206 764187-764389 Sentence denotes After intervention, participants showed a significant reduction in hostility level (t=4.27, p<.01) and respiration rate (t=3.06, p<.01), and a significant increase in prothrombin time (t=−4.75, p<.001).
T207 764390-764654 Sentence denotes The results of the repeated measure of ANOVA indicated that the experimental group revealed a significantly higher reduction of respiration rate (F= 8.76, p<.01), and a marginally higher increase of prothrombin time (F=−3.66, p=.06) than the waiting control group.
T208 764655-764816 Sentence denotes In conclusion, the results of this study imply that psychological intervention is efficient to reduce the biological risk of disease recurrence for CHD patients.
T209 764817-764894 Sentence denotes Complementary therapies are popular and frequently used by patients with CVD.
T210 764895-764985 Sentence denotes Survey data indicate that herbal therapies and mind-body therapies are most commonly used.
T211 764986-765022 Sentence denotes One such treatment option is qigong.
T212 765023-765136 Sentence denotes Several reviews have claimed that qigong has therapeutic effects on blood pressure in patients with hypertension.
T213 765137-765206 Sentence denotes However, these reviews are non-systematic and therefore open to bias.
T214 765207-765281 Sentence denotes To systematically assess the clinical evidence of qigong for hypertension.
T215 765282-765326 Sentence denotes Databases were searched up to December 2009.
T216 765327-765476 Sentence denotes All randomised clinical trials testing qigong in patients with hypertension of any origin and assessing clinically relevant outcomes were considered.
T217 765477-765537 Sentence denotes Trials using any type of control intervention were included.
T218 765538-765658 Sentence denotes The selection of studies, data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by at least two reviewers.
T219 765659-765718 Sentence denotes Methodological quality was evaluated using the Jadad score.
T220 765719-765745 Sentence denotes 12 RCTs could be included.
T221 765746-765866 Sentence denotes Seven of these RCTs tested qigong in combination with antihypertensive drugs compared with antihypertensive drugs alone.
T222 765867-766141 Sentence denotes The meta-analysis of four trials reporting adequate data suggested beneficial effects in favour of qigong (weighted mean difference, systolic blood pressure (mmHg) -12.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) -17.12 to -7.00; diastolic blood pressure -8.46, 95% CI -12.55 to -4.37).
T223 766142-766332 Sentence denotes Qigong alone was compared with waiting list control in 2 RCTs and was found to significantly reduce systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference (mmHg) -18.46, 95% CI -23.07 to -13.86).
T224 766333-766639 Sentence denotes In further three RCTs comparisons made were: qigong combined with antihypertensive drugs versus muscle relaxation combined with antihypertensive drugs; qigong as a sole treatment versus exercise and/or antihypertensive drugs, all reported positive results in at least some of the relevant outcome measures.
T225 766640-766699 Sentence denotes The methodological quality of the original studies was low.
T226 766700-766808 Sentence denotes There is some encouraging evidence to suggest that qigong is effective for lowering systolic blood pressure.
T227 766809-766866 Sentence denotes However, the conclusiveness of these findings is limited.
T228 766867-766934 Sentence denotes Rigorously designed trials seem warranted to confirm these results.
T229 766935-766946 Sentence denotes Background:
T230 766947-767038 Sentence denotes One in five people suffer from depression after myocardial infarction (MI) or heart attack.
T231 767039-767147 Sentence denotes Depression impedes important indicators of recovery including Quality of Life (QOL) and employment outcomes.
T232 767148-767238 Sentence denotes Yet depression continues to remain under-recognised and under-treated in cardiac patients.
T233 767239-767527 Sentence denotes We are conducting a randomised controlled trial of a state-of-the-art, telephone-delivered counselling and educational program (MOOD-CARE) for MI patients diagnosed with depression and investigating its effectiveness in relation to mental and physical functioning and employment outcomes.
T234 767528-767535 Sentence denotes Method:
T235 767536-767694 Sentence denotes Newly diagnosed MI patients admitted to five hospitals in Australia are being screened for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (n=1619).
T236 767695-767971 Sentence denotes Those with PHQ9=5-19 (mild-moderately severe depression) at discharge who are still symptomatic 2 weeks later will be randomly assigned to a Usual Care (UC) or Intervention (MOOD-CARE) group, stratified by current DSM-IV diagnosis of depression versus subthreshold depression.
T237 767972-768178 Sentence denotes MOOD-CARE includes up to 10 telephone counselling sessions over 6 months, delivered by clinical psychologists using Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor management.
T238 768179-768187 Sentence denotes Results:
T239 768188-768272 Sentence denotes Presentation will describe study methods, baseline recruitment and related findings.
T240 768273-768394 Sentence denotes Conclusion: MOOD-CARE has the potential to improve psychosocial, vocational and health outcomes of depressed MI patients.
T241 768395-768557 Sentence denotes The study will provide valuable clinical, vocational and economic information about the value of the program and its potential translation into the health system.
T242 768558-768622 Sentence denotes Colombia, it is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death.
T243 768623-768768 Sentence denotes Cardiac rehabilitation programs aimed at individuals with CHF are designed to decrease morbidity and mortality and improve quality of life (QOL).
T244 768769-768878 Sentence denotes Little data is available on the impact of cardiac rehabilitation programs on QOL in CHF patients in Colombia.
T245 768879-769191 Sentence denotes The SF-36, a self-report instrument validated in Spanish with 8 subscales and a question regarding Health Expectations, was used to measure QOL in 35 CHF patients participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program at St. Vincent de Paul Hospital in Medellín, Colombia at baseline, 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups.
T246 769192-769325 Sentence denotes The rehabilitation program consisted of 12-session treatment protocol including exercise, occupational therapy, and psycho-education.
T247 769326-769397 Sentence denotes One-way repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted for each QOL sub-scale.
T248 769398-769615 Sentence denotes Results indicated that CHF patients participating in cardiac rehabilitation significantly improved their Physical Performance sub-scale scores and Health Expectations score over time (p<0.001 and p<0.01 respectively).
T249 769616-769797 Sentence denotes Cardiac rehabilitation CHF patients also tended to have improved General Health subscale scores and Physical Functioning sub-scale scores over time (p=0.05 and p=0.09 respectively).
T250 769798-769950 Sentence denotes Scores on the remaining SF-36 sub-scales (Pain, Emotional Performance, Social Functioning, Mental Health, and Vitality) did not vary over time (p = NS).
T251 769951-770151 Sentence denotes A cardiac rehabilitation directed at CHF patients appears to improve specific physical health-related domains of QOL, although future research involving a control group would strengthen these Results:
T252 770152-770403 Sentence denotes The findings suggest the need for psychologists, nurses, and other health professionals to integrate psychosocial aspects into existing cardiac rehabilitation program in order to potentially improve other domains of QOL in Colombian patients with CHF.
T253 770404-770542 Sentence denotes Delivery of the regular and long-term patient support required to improve diabetes self-management remains a challenge for health systems.
T254 770543-770796 Sentence denotes This study is evaluating the health outcomes and costeffectiveness of a program using an automated interactive telephone system, the Diabetes Telephone Linked Care (TLC) Australia, designed to promote and support behaviour change and disease management.
T255 770797-770994 Sentence denotes Participants (n=120) were adults from Brisbane, Australia, aged 18 to 70, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at least 3 months prior, with sub-optimal glycemic control (Haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) ≥ 7.5%).
T256 770995-771125 Sentence denotes Participants (79 males, mean age=57.47 years, SD= 8.26) were randomised to a usual care group (n=60) or to the intervention group.
T257 771126-771436 Sentence denotes For 6 months, participants in the latter group upload their past week's blood glucose levels to the TLC system's database via a cell phone link prior to calling the system weekly to "converse" on one or more of the following topics: blood glucose monitoring, nutrition, physical activity and medication taking.
T258 771437-771512 Sentence denotes Primary outcomes are HbA1C and quality of life at 6-and 12-month follow-up.
T259 771513-771607 Sentence denotes Secondary outcomes include self-care behaviours and measures of depression and social support.
T260 771608-771664 Sentence denotes Baseline HbA1C ranges from 7.5 to 15.0% (M=8.8, SD=1.4).
T261 771665-771863 Sentence denotes Participants' average BMI is 33.62 (SD=6.89); 56.7% meet the Australian physical activity recommendations; 82.5% and 65.8% have a normal score on the HADS depression and anxiety scales respectively.
T262 771864-772014 Sentence denotes The average duration of a call to the TLC system is 10.77 (SD=1.60) minutes and to date participants have made on average 81.7% of their weekly calls.
T263 772015-772071 Sentence denotes The presentation will include 6-month follow-up Results:
T264 772072-772300 Sentence denotes This study is examining the effectiveness of a telehealth program targeting essential diabetes self-care behaviours and holds potential for addressing barriers faced in the delivery of long-term diabetes self-management support.
T265 772301-772312 Sentence denotes Background:
T266 772313-772484 Sentence denotes Interventions involving peer support offer a promising approach for providing diabetes self-management support (DSMS) that is ongoing, culturally responsive, and low cost.
T267 772485-772493 Sentence denotes Purpose:
T268 772494-772783 Sentence denotes The objectives of this study were (1) to pilot a program training peer leaders (PLs) to facilitate ongoing, empowermentbased, DSMS interventions, (2) to determine the feasibility of graduating PLs who achieve the pre-established competency criteria, and (3) to assess program satisfaction.
T269 772784-772792 Sentence denotes Methods:
T270 772793-772878 Sentence denotes The Peer Leader Training (PLT) pilot program recruited eight African-American adults.
T271 772879-773068 Sentence denotes The 12-week program utilized a wide variety of instructional methods and addressed three major components including self-management education, communication skills, and facilitation skills.
T272 773069-773294 Sentence denotes To graduate, participants were required to meet the pre-established criteria for four competency domains including diabetes-related knowledge, active listening skills, empowerment-based facilitation skills, and self-efficacy.
T273 773295-773359 Sentence denotes Participants were given three attempts to pass all four domains.
T274 773360-773499 Sentence denotes We also assessed program satisfaction and perceived efficacy of training using qualitative (i.e., focus group) and quantitative approaches.
T275 773500-773508 Sentence denotes Results:
T276 773509-773580 Sentence denotes All participants achieved the criteria for all four competency domains.
T277 773581-773752 Sentence denotes On the first attempt 75%, 75%, 63%, and 75% passed the diabetes knowledge, empowerment-based facilitation skills, active listening skills, and self-efficacy, respectively.
T278 773753-773871 Sentence denotes Participants who failed at least one competency domain on the first attempt successfully passed on the second attempt.
T279 773872-774082 Sentence denotes Participants were generally satisfied with the program length, training session length, balance between content and skills development, and preparation for leading group and individual-based support activities.
T280 774083-774094 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T281 774095-774286 Sentence denotes Findings suggest that it is feasible to train and to graduate PLs with the diabetes-related knowledge, communication skills, and facilitation skills needed to lead ongoing DSMS interventions.
T282 774287-774417 Sentence denotes Subsequent research should examine the impact of this peer-led DSMS model on improving patients' diabetes-related health outcomes.
T283 774418-774429 Sentence denotes Background:
T284 774430-774501 Sentence denotes Obesity continues to present a major public health concern (NHS, 2008).
T285 774502-774684 Sentence denotes This study aimed to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the affective states: happiness, anxiety and depression, alongside self efficacy and eating behaviours.
T286 774685-774830 Sentence denotes It further aimed to identify if these components influence overeating behaviour, a factor that is empirically linked to a high BMI (Macht, 2008).
T287 774831-774838 Sentence denotes Method:
T288 774839-775077 Sentence denotes Data was collected from 104 adults (76% female), mean age 38.48 (SD=12.47) years, who completed questionnaires which measured happiness, depression, anxiety, generalised self efficacy, dietary restraint, emotional eating and binge eating.
T289 775078-775195 Sentence denotes Height and weight were also taken to calculate BMI, which ranged from 16.41-44.38 with a mean BMI of 26.92 (SD=5.98).
T290 775196-775204 Sentence denotes Results:
T291 775205-775333 Sentence denotes Findings confirm that there are significant relationships between personal control, affective states, eating behaviours and BMI.
T292 775334-775466 Sentence denotes Generalised self efficacy and happiness were revealed as predominant psychological factors, correlating with all variables (p<.001).
T293 775467-775611 Sentence denotes Controlling for age and gender, generalised self efficacy explained the variance in emotional eating by 16%, binge eating by 12% and BMI by 19%.
T294 775612-775784 Sentence denotes Dietary restraint accounted for 66% of the variance in binge eating behaviour and was also the highest predictor of BMI (R 2 =.45), with depression explaining a further 9%.
T295 775785-775955 Sentence denotes Finally, investigating the influence of emotional eating, negative affect (R 2 =.32) and dietary restraint (R 2 =.07) were revealed to be the most significant predictors.
T296 775956-775967 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T297 775968-776218 Sentence denotes Evidence presented here highlights the importance for behavioural medicine to consider the influence of self efficacy and affect when tailoring weight loss interventions, while also exercising caution over the negative influence of dieting behaviour.
T298 776219-776284 Sentence denotes International Health Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI.
T299 776285-776294 Sentence denotes Overview:
T300 776295-776509 Sentence denotes The global challenge of translational behavioral research requires acute attention to the cultural context into which interventions are translated and awareness of the culturallyspecific needs of targeted patients.
T301 776510-776622 Sentence denotes Formative qualitative research is often used to translate interventions developed for one population to another.
T302 776623-776750 Sentence denotes We review the role of qualitative methods in "Diabetes Care in American Samoa" a clinical trial of a CHWdelivered intervention.
T303 776751-776759 Sentence denotes Methods:
T304 776760-776954 Sentence denotes Formative research included 14 individual interviews (IDI) with medical clinic staff, 6 focus groups (FG) with 39 diabetes patients and 10 cognitive interviews (CI), also with diabetes patients.
T305 776955-777074 Sentence denotes IDIs and FGs inquired on barriers or facilitators of diabetes care and sought input on planned intervention components.
T306 777075-777170 Sentence denotes CIs explored the effectiveness and cultural relevancy of a subset of quantitative survey items.
T307 777171-777321 Sentence denotes NVivo software was used for data management; relevant themes were identified and applied to the Precede-Proceed model to adapt intervention materials.
T308 777322-777330 Sentence denotes Results:
T309 777331-777523 Sentence denotes Analysis identified barriers to diabetes self care including preferences for high fat foods, consumption of large quantities at social gatherings, and social expectations to eat large amounts.
T310 777524-777649 Sentence denotes Facilitators included extended family networks, respect for doctors, and strong religious faith used in support of self care.
T311 777650-777753 Sentence denotes CIs confirmed linguistic translations, with accommodations for relevant cultural examples within items.
T312 777754-777899 Sentence denotes The research practice of identifying barriers and facilitators of healthy behavior does not view those cultural elements the way participants do.
T313 777900-778016 Sentence denotes Therefore, we have also sought to understand how participants see these same behaviors, including their variability.
T314 778017-778029 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T315 778030-778303 Sentence denotes Identifying the cultural meaning of self care-related behaviors is important to designing interventions to address them; qualitative methods are extremely valuable for identifying key cultural features on which to adapt intervention delivery models, materials and measures.
T316 778304-778721 Sentence denotes This paper uses longitudinal data from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC) China Survey to examine prospective predictors of smoking cessation among adult smokers in China, and compares them with those found in previous research in two Southeast Asian countries (Malaysia and Thailand) and four Western countries (Australia, Canada, the UK and USA) that are also part of the broader ITC project.
T317 778722-778825 Sentence denotes In April 2006 a total of 4732 adult smokers were first surveyed in Beijing and other 5 cities in China.
T318 778826-778936 Sentence denotes Of these, 3863 were successfully followed up in the second Wave in late 2007 (with a retention rate of 81.6%).
T319 778937-779091 Sentence denotes Baseline measures of sociodemographics, dependence and interest in quitting were used prospectively to predict both making quit attempts and quit success.
T1 779092-779266 Sentence denotes Overall, 979 out of the 3863 (25.3%) Chinese smokers reported having made at least one quit attempt between Waves 1 and 2; of these, 212 (21.7%) were still stopped at Wave 2.
T2 779267-779509 Sentence denotes Independent predictors of making quit attempts included having higher quitting self-efficacy, previous quit attempts, some intention to quit, disagreeing that s/he enjoyed smoking too much to quit, and having very negative opinion of smoking.
T3 779510-779648 Sentence denotes Independent predictors of quit success among those who attempted were having longer previous abstinence from smoking (7 months Background:
T4 779649-779899 Sentence denotes This study represents the first longitudinal analysis effort identifying developmental trajectories of cigarette use as well as risk factors associated with the distinct developmental courses of smoking in Chinese early adolescents from age 12 to 16.
T5 779900-779908 Sentence denotes Methods:
T6 779909-780112 Sentence denotes Analysis was conducted with secondary data from a longitudinal, prospective cohort, which consisted of 3,521 Chinese adolescents randomly selected from 4 rural and 7 urban middle schools in Wuhan, China.
T7 780113-780232 Sentence denotes A group-based growth mixture modeling approach was adopted to identify the developmental trajectories of cigarette use.
T8 780233-780727 Sentence denotes Multi-layered intrapersonal (e.g. attitudes toward smoking, grade point average, subjective academic performance, school bonding, and depressive symptoms) and inter-personal (e.g. parental smoking, perceived parental disapproval of smoking, parent-child relationships, family disharmony, perceived norms of peer smoking, good friend smoking, troubles with teachers) risk factors selected from an ecological perspective were prospectively linked to the identified patterns of smoking trajectory.
T9 780728-780736 Sentence denotes Results:
T10 780737-780903 Sentence denotes Three trajectory patterns were identified from the whole cohort: non/experimental smokers (53.8%), light/occasional smokers (43.9%), and heavy/regular smokers (2.3%).
T11 780904-781442 Sentence denotes After adjustments for gender, urban residence, and family socioeconomic status, adolescents with higher levels of problems in parent-child relationships and family disharmony, higher perceived norms of peer smoking, higher proportion of good friend smoking, having more troubles with teachers, poorer academic performance and reporting more frequent depressive symptoms were significantly more likely to be in the trajectory groups of either light/occasional smokers or heavy/regular smokers than in the group of non/experimental smokers.
T12 781443-781602 Sentence denotes The probability of being in the heavy/regular smoking trajectory group was positively and significantly related to parental smoking and lack of school bonding.
T13 781603-781615 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T14 781616-781880 Sentence denotes Study findings helped advance knowledge on the distinct developmental courses of smoking behavior and their associations with multi-layered risk factors in Chinese early adolescents. more), and having greater interest in quitting (planning to quit within 1 month).
T15 781881-782111 Sentence denotes Compared to other countries fewer adult smokers in China attempt to quit and predictors vary: with measure of nicotine dependence less predictive and, like in Malaysia and Thailand, interest in quitting more predictive of success.
T16 782112-782338 Sentence denotes These findings indicate that existing knowledge from Western countries about smoking cessation are not necessarily readily generalizable to China, which has different social-economic conditions and tobacco control environment.
T17 782339-782701 Sentence denotes Separation of the "expected" from the "true" drug effect in placebocontrolled drug trials can be achieved by informing prior to testing half of the subjects in each group (drug, placebo) correctly that they receive the drug or placebo, while the others are misinformed (deception) about the drug they received; this is called the "balanced placebo design" (BPD).
T18 782702-782747 Sentence denotes A half-BPD provides no drug but only placebo.
T19 782748-782756 Sentence denotes Methods:
T20 782757-783022 Sentence denotes Sixty-four healthy subjects (32:32 males:females, 24 years) balanced for smokers and never-smokers were made to believe that a chewing gum they received may or may not contain 4 mg nicotine to improve vigilance and reaction time, while in fact all received placebo.
T21 783023-783136 Sentence denotes The experimenter conducting the study was also made to believe this was a fully BPD to maintain double-blindness.
T22 783137-783346 Sentence denotes Immediately prior to neurocognitive function testing (N-back tasks with three levels of difficulties and two consecutive runs) they were informed that they belong to the nicotine group or to the placebo group.
T23 783347-783448 Sentence denotes Dependent measures were reaction time (RT, ms) and number of false go (GO) and no-go (NGO) responses.
T24 783449-783457 Sentence denotes Results:
T25 783458-783800 Sentence denotes A significant (p=.028) interaction of all five factors (within: level of difficulty, runs; between: information, smoking status, gender) and age as covariate was found indicating that the information to receive nicotine shortened RT in male, but not in female smokers, while in nonsmokers, the information prolonged RT, specifically in males.
T26 783801-783899 Sentence denotes The placebo information produced no differences in RT in smokers/ nonsmokers and in males/females.
T27 783900-784008 Sentence denotes The differential effects on RT were more pronounced with a high cognitive demand, and during the second run.
T28 784009-784087 Sentence denotes No effect of any of the factors was found for the number of GO and NGO errors.
T29 784088-784099 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T30 784100-784256 Sentence denotes The known effects of nicotine on RT can be mimicked by the belief to receive nicotine, but males are more prone then females to respond to such information.
T31 784257-784444 Sentence denotes Tobacco dependence is a leading cause of increased morbidity and mortality and current tobacco smoking is estimated will cause about 450 million deaths worldwide during the next 50 years.
T32 784445-784578 Sentence denotes Tobacco dependence has also dramatically impacted Asian countries and subsequently Asian Americans who migrated to the United States.
T33 784579-784719 Sentence denotes Korean male immigrants in the US have been known for the highest smoking prevalence and highest smoking-attributable cancer death fractions.
T34 784720-784837 Sentence denotes The study is designed to test the applicability of Theory of Planned Behavior to Korean Americans' smoking cessation.
T35 784838-785076 Sentence denotes Its main hypothesis is that perceived risks and benefits of quitting, social norms for quitting, self-efficacy in smoking cessation, and nicotine dependence will predict behavioral intentions to quit smoking among Korean American smokers.
T36 785077-785183 Sentence denotes A nationwide sample of Korean American smokers is currently recruited into this one-time telephone survey.
T37 785184-785311 Sentence denotes Subjects are randomly selected from the online website InfoSpace.com by their Korean surname such as "Kim", "Lee", "Choi", etc.
T38 785312-785395 Sentence denotes The sample size of each city was weighted by the Korean population in the 2000 U.S.
T39 785396-785408 Sentence denotes Census data.
T40 785409-785528 Sentence denotes Three cities such as Duluth, GA that lately have the large influx of Korean Americans were added to the list of cities.
T41 785529-785749 Sentence denotes Preliminary findings with 181 subjects (150 males and 31 females) revealed that gender moderates the relationships between perceived risks of quitting and behavioral intentions to quit smoking in Korean American smokers.
T42 785750-786090 Sentence denotes Perceived family social norm for quitting was the only significant factor associated with Korean male smokers' behavioral intentions to quit smoking, whereas, perceived risks of quitting, and perceived family and friend social norms for quitting were the factors associated with Korean female smokers' behavioral intentions to quit smoking.
T43 786091-786162 Sentence denotes However, perceived risks of quitting showed the strongest relationship.
T44 786163-786251 Sentence denotes Data collection will be continued till May 31, 2010 and final results will be presented.
T45 786252-786263 Sentence denotes Background:
T46 786264-786353 Sentence denotes There are over 100,000 people in the USA and 10,000 in the UK awaiting organ transplants.
T47 786354-786519 Sentence denotes Over 90% of the general population state that they are in favour of organ donation, however only 26% of the UK population are registered on the organ donor register.
T48 786520-786621 Sentence denotes There is an urgent need to identify barriers, and find ways of increasing the number of organ donors.
T49 786622-786633 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T50 786634-786980 Sentence denotes This research tested the role of emotional barriers to organ donation such as the "ick factor" (a basic disgust reaction to The negative reinforcement explanation for smoking comprises a set of ideas derived from popular self-help books which aim to change the way smokers perceive the benefits of smoking and the post-quit withdrawal discomfort.
T51 786981-787118 Sentence denotes Acceptance of these ideas is hypothesised to facilitate smoking cessation, possibly through a reduction in post-cessation urges to smoke.
T52 787119-787326 Sentence denotes Aims To assess the impact of a cognitive intervention aimed at communicating the negative reinforcement explanation for smoking upon participants' reported urges to smoke measured at one-week post cessation.
T53 787327-787391 Sentence denotes Design A two group, cluster-randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN:
T54 787392-787687 Sentence denotes 65854845) was conducted in which groups of smokers received either the experimental intervention, comprised primarily of a 20 minute presentation accompanied by group discussion and a self-monitoring task, or a control intervention which involved watching a video on the health risks of smoking.
T55 787688-787751 Sentence denotes Both interventions were offered in addition to 'standard care'.
T56 787752-787840 Sentence denotes The primary outcome was participants reported urges to smoke at one week post-cessation.
T57 787841-788061 Sentence denotes Potential cognitive mediators assessed were participants' levels of acceptance of the negative reinforcement explanation for smoking, positive outcome expectations for the affective benefits of smoking and self-efficacy.
T58 788062-788190 Sentence denotes Participants (n=205) were volunteers drawn from smokers attending for treatment at a specialist smoking cessation clinic (SSCC).
T59 788191-788287 Sentence denotes The intervention failed to have a significant effect on any of the proposed cognitive mediators.
T60 788288-788467 Sentence denotes There was also no significant difference between the groups on post-cessation urges to smoke (Adjusted expt. group mean = 2.78, Control group mean =3.00, (F(1,100) = 1.17, p=.28).
T61 788468-788664 Sentence denotes The experimental intervention based on a set of ideas commonly communicated in popular selfhelp titles, failed to alter smokers' cognitions or lead to a reduction in post-cessation urges to smoke.
T62 788665-788867 Sentence denotes The intervention may have lacked sufficient power to bring about the intended cognitive shift or these highly conditioned beliefs about smoking may be resistant to change by socialcognitive means alone.
T63 788868-788932 Sentence denotes Implications for smoking cessation treatments will be discussed.
T64 788933-788961 Sentence denotes the idea of organ donation).
T65 788962-789131 Sentence denotes In addition we tested the potential role of manipulating anticipated regret to increase intention to donate in people who are not yet registered as organ donors Methods:
T66 789132-789372 Sentence denotes In 3 Experiments involving 635 members of the UK general public, participants were invited to complete questionnaire measures tapping the emotional factors such as "ick", the desire to retain body integrity after death and medical mistrust.
T67 789373-789427 Sentence denotes Registered organ donors were compared with non-donors.
T68 789428-789592 Sentence denotes Non-donors were randomly allocated to an anticipated regret manipulation (2 questions) versus a control condition, and the impact on intention to donate was tested.
T69 789593-789601 Sentence denotes Results:
T70 789602-789720 Sentence denotes In all 3 experiments non-donors scored significantly higher than donors on the ick factor and bodily integrity scales.
T71 789721-789852 Sentence denotes Traditional rational/cognitive factors such as knowledge, attitude and subjective norm failed to distinguish doors from non-donors.
T72 789853-789988 Sentence denotes For non-donors, the anticipated regret manipulation led to a significant increase in intention to register as an organ donor in future.
T73 789989-790001 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T74 790002-790085 Sentence denotes Negative emotional factors are important barriers for people becoming organ donors.
T75 790086-790262 Sentence denotes In particular a basic disgust reaction when contemplating donation and the desire to retain bodily integrity after death are key areas to target to test if they are changeable.
T76 790263-790376 Sentence denotes In addition, a simple anticipated regret manipulation has the potential to significantly increase donation rates.
T77 790377-790388 Sentence denotes Background:
T78 790389-790468 Sentence denotes Malaysia's organ and tissue donation rates are amongst the lowest in the world.
T79 790469-790687 Sentence denotes Having the three ethnic groups (namely the Malays, Chinese and Indian) with the most pronounced cultural and religious prohibitions to organ donation, the shortage of organ donations continues to raise extreme concern.
T80 790688-790788 Sentence denotes As evident, the rate of procurement (per million population) in Malaysia was only 1.01 in year 2006.
T81 790789-790872 Sentence denotes From year 1997 until 2006, only a total of 162 organ procurements were carried out.
T82 790873-790992 Sentence denotes Its rich ethnic diversity allow for a comprehensive understanding of a variety of factors associated to organ donation.
T83 790993-791001 Sentence denotes Methods:
T84 791002-791252 Sentence denotes A cross-sectional, population-based, computer-assisted telephone interview exploring multi-ethnic participants' knowledge, attitudes, practices and behavioral on deceased organ donation and transplantation was conducted during February to April 2009.
T85 791253-791261 Sentence denotes Results:
T86 791262-791478 Sentence denotes Although only 5.5% of the total participants (N=1174) reported that they have registered to be organ donor, a further 35.2% of those who have not register for organ donation indicated willingness to donate one's own.
T87 791479-791615 Sentence denotes In particular, Malays (20.7%) indicate lower willingness to donate organs compared to the Chinese (36.6%) and Indians (51.4%) (P<0.001).
T88 791616-791914 Sentence denotes In multivariate logistic regression analysis, willingness to donate one's own organ was associated with knowledge score (OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.13-1.22), attitude score (OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.05-1.31), secondary school education (OR= 1.46, 95% CI=1.05-2.02) and Malay ethnicity (OR=0.18, 95% CI= 0.03-0.94).
T89 791915-792018 Sentence denotes Significant socio-demographic disparities with respect to knowledge and attitudes scores were observed.
T90 792019-792094 Sentence denotes Study showed marked ethnic differences in attitudes towards organ donation.
T91 792095-792223 Sentence denotes Some knowledge inaccuracies and misconception identified in this study need particular attention in future educational campaign.
T92 792224-792235 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T93 792236-792423 Sentence denotes Findings assist organ donation and transplantation organizations to reach out the diverse socio-demographic and ethnic communities with cultural-specific information about organ donation.
T94 792424-792564 Sentence denotes The data also highlight the importance of educational efforts to enhance knowledge and cultivate supportive attitudes toward organ donation.
T95 792565-792733 Sentence denotes The use of personal financial incentives (PFI) to encourage people to change their behaviour is an emerging model of health intervention being trialled internationally.
T96 792734-792847 Sentence denotes Recent reviews conclude that PFI can be efective in promoting behaviour change, but this is tempered by provisos.
T97 792848-792978 Sentence denotes Women who smoke during pregnancy, particularly women of low SES, have been resistant to traditional smoking cessation initiatives.
T98 792979-793075 Sentence denotes Smoking in pregnancy leads to significantly poorer health outcomes for mothers and their babies.
T99 793076-793209 Sentence denotes There is an urgent need to develop effective smoking cessation interventions that can readily be adopted into routine antenatal care.
T100 793210-793345 Sentence denotes This paper reports on the acceptability of PFI for reducing smoking in pregnant women among both patients and antenatal care providers.
T101 793346-793525 Sentence denotes Bangkok, Thailand; 3 Faculty of Nursing, Burapa University, Chonburi, Thailand; 4 Pamok Hospital, Angthong, Thailand and 5 Pamok District Public Health Office, Angthong, Thailand.
T102 793526-793537 Sentence denotes Background:
T103 793538-793852 Sentence denotes To assess situations, problems, needs, and ways of life of the diabetic people in each community, which tailored by culture, religion, socioeconomic, health care service system, and political system is crucial before mobilizing stake-holders and changing behaviors of these diabetes patients, family and community.
T104 793853-793860 Sentence denotes Method:
T105 793861-794069 Sentence denotes The integration of Sufficiency Economy(SE), Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions(ICCC) and Community-Based Participation Research(CPBR) was employed to five communities of Pamok district, Angthong province.
T106 794070-794238 Sentence denotes Five stake-holders(diabetes patients, diabetes risk group, health care volunteers, health officers, and local administrators) were invited to participate in this study.
T107 794239-794394 Sentence denotes The process in each community consisted of focus group discussion using Appreciation Influence Control(AIC), semi-formal interview, and informal interview.
T108 794395-794403 Sentence denotes Results:
T109 794404-794595 Sentence denotes The similarity of diabetes problem situations in each stake-holder were; less knowledge or no awareness on diabetes, unhealthy food consumption, lack of exercise, and non-adherence treatment.
T110 794596-794829 Sentence denotes The likeness vision of diabetes in each community were; self care management, empowerment health volunteer, health promotion activities exercise, local wisdom of herb and alternative medicine, and integrate all stake-holder together.
T111 794830-795022 Sentence denotes After discussing and priority setting of the health promotion project for diabetes and risk group under concepts of SE, ICCC, and CBPR, five different health promotion projects were initiated.
T112 795023-795034 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T113 795035-795349 Sentence denotes Community-based participation research was an apparatus to build relationship and trust among the stake-holders and researchers which were the preliminary keys to raise awareness, responsibility, and empowerment to develop health promotion behaviors to reduce complication and prevention diabetes in the community.
T114 795350-795444 Sentence denotes Diabetes mellitus is currently a significant health problem in Thailand and in many countries.
T115 795445-795590 Sentence denotes To solve this problem, health care providers have to provide not only curative care, but also, prevention, promotion and rehabilitation services.
T116 795591-795740 Sentence denotes Risk communication is a crucial process to help the people to maintain and improve their health through understanding risk issues and theirs context.
T117 795741-795882 Sentence denotes The different perceptions on risks and their relevant factors among stakeholders make it difficult to implement effective risk communication.
T118 795883-795992 Sentence denotes This study aims at developing a model on risk communication for preventing and controlling diabetes mellitus.
T119 795993-796052 Sentence denotes A six-month study was conducted in March to September 2008.
T120 796053-796268 Sentence denotes Literature reviewing from both national and international articles provided a conceptual framework and a process for developing risk communication model which was preparing, assessing and working with the community.
T121 796269-796335 Sentence denotes Stakeholders were approached to involve in all steps of the study.
T122 796336-796398 Sentence denotes The setting of the study was in Mugdhaharn Province, Thailand.
T123 796399-796519 Sentence denotes The conceptual framework of the risk communication was developed from literature review comprising two major components:
T124 796520-796562 Sentence denotes 1) risk assessment and 2) risk management.
T125 796563-796648 Sentence denotes In relation to risk assessment, qualitative and quantitative techniques were applied.
T126 796649-796764 Sentence denotes The target groups of risk assessment were people at risk of diabetes mellitus, family members, and related persons.
T127 796765-796886 Sentence denotes The issues to be assessed covered risk factors, risk perception, strengths and weaknesses of self care and risk contexts.
T128 796887-796992 Sentence denotes The results of the risk assessment led to the guidelines and strategies for coping with the risk factors.
T129 796993-797203 Sentence denotes Regarding the risk management, the guideline and strategies were initially implemented by focusing on the engagement of the stakeholders which resulted in learning and better understanding among related people.
T130 797204-797374 Sentence denotes The proposed model reflecting two significant components and its process was accepted by stakeholders and further implemented by local health care team in the study area.
T131 797375-797473 Sentence denotes HIV prevention programs with adolescents use different strategies with varying degrees of success.
T132 797474-797598 Sentence denotes Behavioral programs have been effective in reducing risk factors, although data on the most effective components are needed.
T133 797599-797913 Sentence denotes This symposium is addressed from an international point of view different experiences of program evaluation focused specifically on HIV, applying experimental methodology, with high-risk and general population, and combining the evaluation of empirical studies, the quantitative review and proposed new challenges.
T134 797914-798025 Sentence denotes In the first presentation, by Espada et al, a behavioral program implemented by experts and peers is evaluated.
T135 798026-798121 Sentence denotes Griffin will present a proposal for joint intervention on substance abuse and HIV transmission.
T136 798122-798229 Sentence denotes Orgiles et al. address HIV prevention with young people under the stressor of the divorce of their parents.
T137 798230-798337 Sentence denotes Huedo-Medina will show a meta-analytic review of the effectiveness of prevention programs with adolescents.
T138 798338-798652 Sentence denotes It thus seeks to answer outstanding questions about HIV prevention with adolescents, the degree of the overall effectiveness of behavioral programs, the better alternatives to applicators, the relationship between HIV prevention and other risk behaviors, and intervention with high risk populations served shortly.
T139 798653-798809 Sentence denotes The main objective of this work was to provide an updated review of the efficacy of behavioral interventions to reduce sexual risk of HIV among adolescents.
T140 798810-798961 Sentence denotes We searched electronic databases, leading public health journals, and the document depository held by the Synthesis of HIV/AIDS Risk Reduction Project.
T141 798962-799065 Sentence denotes Studies that fulfilled the selection criteria and were available as of December 31, 2008 were included.
T142 799066-799353 Sentence denotes Studies were included if they investigated any behavioral intervention advocating sexual risk reduction for HIV prevention, sampled adolescents (age range, 11-19 years), measured a behavioral outcome relevant to sexual risk, and provided sufficient information to calculate effect sizes.
T143 799354-799436 Sentence denotes Data from 67 studies and 98 interventions (N = 51,240 participants) were included.
T144 799437-799542 Sentence denotes Independent raters coded participant and intervention characteristics as well as methodological features.
T145 799543-799686 Sentence denotes Weighted mean effect sizes, using both fixedand random-effects models, were calculated; positive effect sizes indicated greater risk reduction.
T146 799687-799905 Sentence denotes Relative to controls, interventions succeeded at reducing incident STIs, increasing condom use, reducing or delaying penetrative sex, and increasing skills to negotiate safer sex and to acquire prophylactic protection.
T147 799906-800017 Sentence denotes Initial risk reduction varied depending on sample and intervention characteristics but did not decay over time.
T148 800018-800119 Sentence denotes Comprehensive behavioral interventions reduce risky sexual behavior and prevent transmission of STIs.
T149 800120-800188 Sentence denotes Interventions are most successful when administered in larger doses.
T150 800189-800371 Sentence denotes School-based drug abuse prevention programs for adolescents are an efficient way to deliver prevention services to young people before they become regular substance users or abusers.
T151 800372-800565 Sentence denotes Contemporary prevention programs focus on social refusal skills training along with training in more generic "life skills" using cognitive, behavioral, and affective skills training techniques.
T152 800566-800776 Sentence denotes This type of programming teaches principles of cognitive reframing, behavioral self-control, coping, and relaxation skills, along with how to apply these skills outside of the classroom in high risk situations.
T153 800777-800959 Sentence denotes This presentation will review the concepts and empirical findings from the "Life Skills Training" prevention program, including short and long-term effects on related risk behaviors.
T154 800960-801257 Sentence denotes Life Skills Training (LST) is a theoretically-driven evidence-based drug abuse prevention program for middle school students that emphasizes social resistance skills as well as more generic skills such as communication, assertiveness, decision-making, goal-setting, selfcontrol, and coping skills.
T155 801258-801527 Sentence denotes Over 30 peer-reviewed articles with analyses of 18 separate cohorts of students have demonstrated that the LST program is effective with a variety of populations, producing behavioral effects on alcohol, tobacco, illicit drug use, as well as aggression and delinquency.
T156 801528-801739 Sentence denotes Because LST targets etiologic factors common to both drug abuse and HIV risk and teaches skills that have a broad application, we examined the extent to which the intervention may reduce later HIV risk behavior.
T157 801740-801982 Sentence denotes This presentation reviews findings demonstrating that the intervention reduced drug use and HIV risk behaviors in a sample of 2,042 predominantly white, suburban young adults who had received the preventive intervention in junior high school.
T158 801983-802300 Sentence denotes Additional findings from a sample of 2,122 predominantly minority young adults will be presented demonstrating that several key skills measures (e.g., cognitive and behavioral self-control skills) that are targeted by the intervention predict various forms of substance use and HIV risk behavior in a similar fashion.
T159 802301-802596 Sentence denotes These findings are presented in order to frame a discussion on the opportunities for developing competence-enhancement prevention programs to address both substance use and HIV risk behaviors, along with the challenges associated with addressing multiple risk behaviors in a single intervention.
T160 802597-802799 Sentence denotes One goal of the presentation is to suggest that broad-based competence enhancement prevention programs may be an efficient and effective way to prevent a variety of negative outcomes during adolescence.
T161 802800-802975 Sentence denotes A quasi-experimental design with three experimental conditions was carried out: program implemented by experts, program implemented by peers, and a waiting-list control group.
T162 802976-803041 Sentence denotes Each participating center was randomly assigned to one condition.
T163 803042-803249 Sentence denotes The intervention consisted of 5 sessions of one hour with the following components: information and cognitive restructuring, social skills training, problem solving training, and covert behavioral rehearsal.
T164 803250-803323 Sentence denotes Three measures were conducted: pretest, posttest and 12-months follow-up.
T165 803324-803451 Sentence denotes After the implementation of the program have shown improvement in the degree of knowledge and a significant attitudinal change.
T166 803452-803624 Sentence denotes Comparisons between groups indicated that significant differences exist between the programs implemented by experts vs. the control group, and the program applied by peers.
T167 803625-803689 Sentence denotes The effect size comparing the two types of applications was low.
T168 803690-803894 Sentence denotes It shows how an intervention based on cognitive behavioral techniques succeeded in improving the level of knowledge about HIV / AIDS and change attitudes towards the disease, risk behavior and condom use.
T169 803895-803976 Sentence denotes The program implemented by experts who performs better when implemented in pairs.
T170 803977-804081 Sentence denotes Jac van der Klink, PhD, MD Health Sciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
T171 804082-804169 Sentence denotes Job control (autonomy and decision latitude) is an important aspect of stress theories.
T172 804170-804294 Sentence denotes In the Job-demand-control model of Karasek and Theorell it is the single important factor that compensates for high demands.
T173 804295-804396 Sentence denotes In the more recent Job-demand-resources model control is an important factor besides other resources.
T174 804397-804500 Sentence denotes The level of control that employees experience -a powerful resource -can be threatened at three levels:
T175 804501-804909 Sentence denotes 1) the function in itself can, regarding organizational structure and task embedding, offer too little possibilities of decision latitude and be at a 'wrong' level of control, 2) the function is all right but the department has a supervisor who cannot delegate 'job control' or decision latitude 3) 1 en 2 are well but the employee himself cannot see and use the decision latitude and autonomy that is there.
T176 804910-805042 Sentence denotes Stress management programms or other interventions are seldom targeted as a result of a thorough (organisational) diagnostic proces.
T177 805043-805214 Sentence denotes Most of the time interventions are mainly indicated by the specific orientation of the provider and most of the interventions are entirely focused on the individual level.
T178 805215-805346 Sentence denotes In this symposium we will present a study in which the explained variance on the different organisational levels will be presented.
T179 805347-805534 Sentence denotes Besides that, we will present the present state of knowledge on the three levels of intervention: function redesign, supervisor focused interventions and individual focused interventions.
T180 805535-805624 Sentence denotes Recent trends in workplace intervention include comprehensive and integrative approaches.
T181 805625-805757 Sentence denotes An important element in these interventions is the participatory approach, which implies control and empowerment for those involved.
T182 805758-805933 Sentence denotes Greater participation in the process was found to be associated with increased levels of job control and communication and consequently reduced symptoms and time loss at work.
T183 805934-806102 Sentence denotes In a cluster randomized controlled trial, the effect of a participatory intervention for workplace improvement on workers' mental health and productivity was evaluated.
T184 806103-806281 Sentence denotes Eleven assembly lines in a medium-sized company producing electrical devices were randomly allocated to six intervention and five control lines (47 and 50 workers, respectively).
T185 806282-806468 Sentence denotes The team-based, problemsolving intervention was based on active employee involvement, shared work-related goals, and action planning to improve the work environment for stress reduction.
T186 806469-806593 Sentence denotes The intervention focused on environment improvement or job redesign rather than behavioral change in symptoms of ill health.
T187 806594-807051 Sentence denotes A participatory approach has several principles which include 1); to build on local practice (starting from real problems of the enterprise that exist at the site where employees work and need improvement), 2) to focus on achievements (good practices already available), 3) to link working conditions with other management goals (ie, productivity), 4) to encourage exchange of experience, 5) to promote employee involvement, and 6) to use learning-by-doing.
T188 807052-807208 Sentence denotes General Health Questionnaire scores significantly deteriorated in the control lines, whereas the score remained at the same level in the intervention lines.
T189 807209-807374 Sentence denotes Health and Work Performance Questionnaire scores increased in the intervention lines, but decreased in the control lines, yielding a significant intervention effect.
T190 807375-807503 Sentence denotes The process evaluation revealed that job control was improved in some lines which was supposed to bring about beneficial effect.
T191 807504-807730 Sentence denotes For example, in a line where a variety of small parts were dealt with and the tasks had not been standardized, the workers made themselves a plan and the small units they worked on were adjusted according to the specific task.
T192 807731-807914 Sentence denotes The realization of workplace intervention requires the understanding and cooperation of employers or administrators, because these measures depend largely on organizational redesigns.
T193 807915-808335 Sentence denotes Researchers are required to ensure that administrators and other key stakeholders have a clear understanding of their roles and responsibilities, and for the workers, to encourage them to sustain the autonomous activities for workplace improvement. et al., 1994; Theorell et al., 2001; Kawakami et al., 1997) and three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (Kawakami et al, 2005 (Kawakami et al, & 2006 Takao et al 2007) .
T194 808336-808396 Sentence denotes Studies were conducted in Japan, except for one from Sweden.
T195 808397-808442 Sentence denotes Data were entered into and analyzed by STATA.
T196 808443-808451 Sentence denotes Results:
T197 808452-808815 Sentence denotes In all studies except one, supervisor training included provision of basic knowledge of psychosocial factors at work; In most studies from Japan the training focused on providing skills to communicate with subordinates (such as "active listening" skills); in one study from Sweden, they put more focus on redesign and improvement of psychosocial work environment.
T198 808816-808949 Sentence denotes A onetime session was applied for most studies; multiple sessions with two-week intervals during one year were provided in one study.
T199 808950-809031 Sentence denotes One RCT used a small group discussion; two RCTs used a web-based training method.
T200 809032-809072 Sentence denotes Most studies used three-month follow-up.
T201 809073-809229 Sentence denotes A significant overall effect of supervisor training was found on mental health among subordinate workers (Effect size, -0.13; 95%CI, -0.26 to 0.00; p=0.05).
T202 809230-809342 Sentence denotes A marginally significant effect was observed on job control (Effect size, 0.100; 95%CI, -0.01 to 0.21; p= 0.06).
T203 809343-809455 Sentence denotes No significant effect was observed on job demands, supervisor or coworker support, or work performance (p>0.05).
T204 809456-809468 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T205 809469-809613 Sentence denotes The meta-analysis indicated the effect of supervisor training on mental health among their subordinate workers, while the effect size was small.
T206 809614-809703 Sentence denotes Supervisor training may enhance worker mental health through improving their job control.
T207 809704-809787 Sentence denotes Supervisor training does not seem to have an effect on increasing work performance.
T208 809788-809816 Sentence denotes istics and coping behaviour.
T209 809817-809965 Sentence denotes The explained variance at the departmental and the occupational levels on mental health, work characteristics and coping was assessed using Anova's.
T210 809966-809974 Sentence denotes Results:
T211 809975-810077 Sentence denotes 90 employees working in departments which were headed by one supervisor, were eligible for this study.
T212 810078-810356 Sentence denotes The variance explained by function was 38% for autonomy, 36% for skill discretion, 14% for job demands, 27% for support by supervisor, 10% for coworker support, 17% for distress and for anxiety, 22% for depression, 22% for active coping, 10% for passive and 15% for distraction.
T213 810357-810658 Sentence denotes The variance explained by departmetn (supervisor level) was 31% for autonomy, 29% for skill discretion, 28 % for job demands, 39% for support by supervisor, 31% for coworker support, 14% for distress, 16% for anxiety, 9 % for depression, 20% for active coping, 20% for passive and 25% for distraction.
T214 810659-810797 Sentence denotes The present paper deals with predictors of the duration to full return to work of employees on sick leave due to psychological complaints.
T215 810798-810919 Sentence denotes Research we recently conducted revealed that two factors may be predictive for the duration to full return to work (RTW).
T216 810920-810986 Sentence denotes These factors are early partial RTW and work related selfefficacy.
T217 810987-811102 Sentence denotes This conclusion is based on three individual focused intervention studies that have been conducted in recent years.
T218 811103-811220 Sentence denotes The first study was a randomized controlled study with two experimental interventions and one no treatment condition.
T219 811221-811295 Sentence denotes One hundred self-employed were randomly assigned to one of the conditions.
T220 811296-811421 Sentence denotes Psychological complaints, professional efficacy and other variables were assessed before, after 4 months and after 10 months.
T221 811422-811469 Sentence denotes Partial and full RTW was assessed continuously.
T222 811470-811604 Sentence denotes The second study was a cluster randomized comparative intervention study with an experimental condition and a care as usual condition.
T223 811605-811710 Sentence denotes One hundred sixty eight employees absent form work due to psychological complaints enrolled in the study.
T224 811711-811857 Sentence denotes Psychological complaints, work related self-efficacy and other variables were assessed at three times, before, after 6 months and after 12 months.
T225 811858-811906 Sentence denotes Partial and full RTW were assessed continuously.
T226 811907-812023 Sentence denotes The third study was a longitudinal cohort study with 177 employees absent form work due to psychological complaints.
T227 812024-812072 Sentence denotes Partial and full RTW were assessed continuously.
T228 812073-812217 Sentence denotes Further, psychological complaints, work related self-efficacy and other variables were assessed at a three months time interval during one year.
T229 812218-812307 Sentence denotes Both partial and work related self-efficacy appeared to be strong predictors of full RTW.
T230 812308-812587 Sentence denotes This result fits the theoretical notion of graded activity as part of an individual focused treatment and the concept of self-efficacy as a moderating or facilitating factor in restoring an individual's work capacity after sick leave due to work related psychological complaints.
T231 812588-812685 Sentence denotes Ethnic/racial disparities in early childhood health and development are evident in the US and UK.
T232 812686-812877 Sentence denotes To date little cross-national comparative work has been carried out in this area, but with the availability of similar data collections in the US and UK such comparative work is now possible.
T233 812878-813111 Sentence denotes Data from two nationally representative population based surveys, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study in the US and the Millennium Cohort Study in the UK allow questions on the origins of ethnic/racial disparities to be addressed.
T234 813112-813243 Sentence denotes This symposium examines how racial/ethnic disparities in childhood health and development vary across groups and national contexts.
T235 813244-813445 Sentence denotes Presentations consider the underlying pathways to a diverse set of child health and developmental markers: growth, socioemotional difficulties, mental and motor development, infant feeding and obesity.
T236 813446-813618 Sentence denotes Paper 1 given by Prof Sacker will examine whether weight at birth is important for subsequent child growth and development and how patterns might vary across ethnic groups.
T237 813619-813758 Sentence denotes Paper 2 given by Dr Davis-Kean examines relationships between the development of early motor skills and later mental and motor development.
T238 813759-814036 Sentence denotes Paper 3 given by Dr Kelly considers whether experience of racism translates into poor developmental outcomes in childhood, and paper 4 given by Dr Simonton examines the links between unwanted pregnancy and the likelihood of breastfeeding initiation across ethnic/racial groups.
T239 814037-814248 Sentence denotes Important to our understanding of ethnic/racial disparities are factors relating to the drivers for migration to the US and UK and national policy contexts for health and social care and these will be discussed.
T240 814249-814410 Sentence denotes This symposium explores issues on ethnic/racial disparities in an interdisciplinary manner from the joint perspectives of psychology, epidemiology and sociology.
T241 814411-814569 Sentence denotes There are clear differences in birth weight by ethnic group, but whether these disparities are replicated in later markers of physical development is unknown.
T242 814570-814651 Sentence denotes We examine evidence for ethnic disparities in children's height at 3 and 5 years.
T243 814652-814870 Sentence denotes Data are from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, constructed to over-represent children from ethnic minority, giving us reasonable sample sizes for Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Black African and Black Caribbean groups.
T244 814871-815011 Sentence denotes Mean birth weight of ethnic minority children was significantly lower than that of the ethnic majority (range 3.06 -3.34 kg versus 3.41 kg).
T245 815012-815232 Sentence denotes By contrast, ethnic minority children were taller than the White majority at ages 3 and 5, significantly so in the case of Pakistani, Black Caribbean and Black African children (by 0.5 cm, 1.4 cm. and 3.5 cm at 5 years).
T246 815233-815346 Sentence denotes Controlling for parental height to take account of intergenerational effects did not affect height differentials.
T247 815347-815628 Sentence denotes Two mechanisms were hypothesised: (a) a poorer intrauterine environment given the short stature of some minority children's mothers resulted in catch-up postnatal growth and (b) conditions during the parents' childhood led to a reduced capacity to reach their own height potential.
T248 815629-815766 Sentence denotes A reparameterization of parent heights showed that mother's height contributed more to predicting child height than mean parental height.
T249 815767-815938 Sentence denotes Adding birth weight to the model showed that height was positively related to birth weight and attenuated the extra contribution from mothers' heights to non significance.
T250 815939-816039 Sentence denotes The interaction of mean parental height with ethnicity was significant in models at age 3 and age 5.
T251 816040-816235 Sentence denotes For all ethnic minority groups, mean parental height was more weakly related to child height than in White majority families, although only significantly different in the largest Pakistani group.
T252 816236-816388 Sentence denotes In conclusion, we found evidence of catch-up growth in ethnic minority children and that ethnic minority parents had not reached their height potential.
T253 816389-816534 Sentence denotes There was no suggestion that the lower birth weight of ethnic minority children has adverse consequences for their growth in the preschool years.
T254 816535-816546 Sentence denotes Background:
T255 816547-816744 Sentence denotes Previous work has shown that experience of racism is related to poor health outcomes in adults, but little is known about whether such experiences translate into developmental outcomes in children.
T256 816745-816756 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T257 816757-816978 Sentence denotes 1. to examine the relationship between parental experience of racism and markers of child development 2. to assess whether family socioeconomic position and neighbourhood level disadvantage explain observed relationships.
T258 816979-816987 Sentence denotes Methods:
T259 816988-817145 Sentence denotes Data from the UK Millennium cohort study on ethnic minority participants of Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Caribbean and African descent were used (N=2157).
T260 817146-817323 Sentence denotes Questions on parental interpersonal experience of racism, and the perception of racist attacks in the residential neighbourhood were asked when cohort members were aged 5 years.
T261 817324-817401 Sentence denotes A summary 'objective' score for residential perception of racism was created.
T262 817402-817527 Sentence denotes Markers of child development at age 5 were obesity and overweight, socioemotional difficulties, and cognitive ability scores.
T263 817528-817536 Sentence denotes Results:
T264 817537-817696 Sentence denotes 43% of parents reported any experience of interpersonal racism, and 12% reported that racist attacks or insults were common in their residential neighbourhood.
T265 817697-817817 Sentence denotes It appeared that parental reports of interpersonal racism were not strongly associated with poor developmental outcomes.
T266 817818-818000 Sentence denotes Conversely, perception of racism in the area of residence was significantly associated with socioemotional difficulties (coeff 1.4, p<0.001) and spatial ability (coeff -1.4, p<0.01).
T267 818001-818146 Sentence denotes A trend was observed between the objective marker of area racism and an increased risk of obesity and lower verbal and non-verbal ability scores.
T268 818147-818244 Sentence denotes The objective measure of area racism was found to be associated with lower spatial ability score.
T269 818245-818438 Sentence denotes Statistical adjustment for socioeconomic factors attenuated associations, but area and objective measures remained independently associated with socioemotional difficulties and spatial ability.
T270 818439-818451 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T271 818452-818537 Sentence denotes Parental perceptions of racism are linked to poor developmental outcomes in children.
T272 818538-818643 Sentence denotes Economic disadvantage among ethnic minority groups appears to partly explain some of these relationships.
T273 818644-818801 Sentence denotes Recent research has shown that motor skills in children may be an important predictor in achievement in the elementary school years (Grissmer, et al, 2009) .
T274 818802-819003 Sentence denotes In this study we test whether early gross motor skills and early mental skills in infants and toddlers are predicted by early motor movements such as pulling up or walking with the assistance of other.
T275 819004-819139 Sentence denotes These early skills may be important for indicating brain development that may be promoting later motor development and problem solving.
T276 819140-819351 Sentence denotes In order to examine our model we use the first wave (9 months old) of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), which is a nationally representative sample of children born in the US in 2001.
T277 819352-819401 Sentence denotes For the analyses, 10, 680 children were examined.
T278 819402-819549 Sentence denotes We controlled for child's age, being foreign born, multiple births, low birth weight, highest parental education in the home, and household income.
T279 819550-819769 Sentence denotes We examined whether children were breastfeed as a parental nutrition indicator, and age child pulled themselves to standing, age of walking with help as child as indicators of early motor skills/early brain development.
T280 819770-819985 Sentence denotes Using hierarchical regressions we find that low birth weight, age of pulling oneself to a standing position and walking with help are negative predictors of early gross motor skills (B=−.07,−.07, −.02 respectively).
T281 819986-820051 Sentence denotes Being Black, is a positive predictor of gross motor skills (.03).
T282 820052-820136 Sentence denotes These variables with controls account for 70% of the variance in gross motor skills.
T283 820137-820288 Sentence denotes For early mental skills, being Black and household income is associated with a .02 positive increase and age walking with help (.06) was also positive.
T284 820289-820385 Sentence denotes Being Asian (-02), low birth weight (-.04), and ever breastfeed (-.02), are negative predictors.
T285 820386-820549 Sentence denotes Similar levels of variance are accounted for (.70) with children's age being the largest predictor of both gross motor and mental skills (.82, .84, respectively) .
T286 820550-820704 Sentence denotes Though the effects are small, there is some indication that early motor and mental skills may be related to early breastfeeding and physical motor skills.
T287 820705-820857 Sentence denotes Automobile-oriented urban design is linked with increasingly sedentary lifestyles, which are associated with an array of chronic diseases as people age.
T288 820858-821020 Sentence denotes Yet little work has occurred on the relationships among built environment features and active transport and other physical activity (PA) forms among older adults.
T289 821021-821267 Sentence denotes 709 adults ages 66 yrs and above living in Seattle or Baltimore regions were recruited from GIS-enumerated neighborhoods identified as high or low affluent and high or low 'walkable' based on land use mix, street connectivity, and other features.
T290 821268-821436 Sentence denotes Variables included reported active transport (walking/bicycling for errands), general PA (via accelerometry and self-report), and reported BMI and mobility impairments.
T291 821437-821518 Sentence denotes Persons in less affluent neighborhoods reported generally less PA and higher BMI.
T292 821519-821844 Sentence denotes After controlling for individual and neighborhood-level sociodemographic and regional factors, walkability was positively associated with active transport (p< .0001), total PA (p= .036), leisure walking/cycling/jogging (p < .008), accelerometry-derived minutes/day of moderate or vigorous PA (p=.056), and lower BMI (p= .02).
T293 821845-822091 Sentence denotes A significant walkability-mobility impairment interaction was observed for active transport only; as mobility increased, differences in minutes/week of active transport among those living in low vs. high walkable neighborhoods increased (p=.001).
T294 822092-822352 Sentence denotes Persons in the lowest mobility tertile living in high walkable neighborhoods had active transport levels comparable to persons in the two higher mobility tertiles but living in less walkable neighborhoods (means=35 mins/wk vs. 27 mins/wk, respectively, p>.13).
T295 822353-822603 Sentence denotes Results suggest the potential importance of environmental features in facilitating active transport and other healthful patterns among older adults across mobility levels, with potential benefits related to both health and independence as people age.
T296 822604-822614 Sentence denotes Objective:
T297 822615-822741 Sentence denotes The project's aim was to analyze built environment and parental perception factors that influence youth travel mode to school.
T298 822742-822750 Sentence denotes Methods:
T299 822751-822918 Sentence denotes Data from a sample of Atlanta youth ages 5-18 was used along with objective measures of urban form surrounding home and school and along the route from home to school.
T300 822919-823156 Sentence denotes The large sample size (n=5890 trips) allowed stratified analysis by age group (5-10, 11-15, 16-18) and distance to school (0-1.5 miles, 1.5-3 miles, over 3 miles), while controlling for sociodemographic factors known to influence travel.
T301 823157-823165 Sentence denotes Results:
T302 823166-823557 Sentence denotes Using a nested logit model of travel mode choice, we observed more sidewalks, higher residential densities and interconnected street networks along the route to school and higher parental perception of neighborhood school quality were positive, significant (p<=.05) predictors of higher probabilities of walking to school for shorter distances (0-1.5 miles) and younger children (ages 5-10).
T303 823558-823825 Sentence denotes Further analysis indicates small marginal changes can substantially improve probabilities of selecting walking -the probability of walking after the increase in sidewalk coverage to 60th percentile is 118.44% of the probability of walking at median sidewalk coverage.
T304 823826-824049 Sentence denotes However, it also appeared that the influence of urban form can be overwhelmed if other factors (parental perceptions of school quality, traffic safety and crime, or even other urban form characteristics) are not supportive.
T305 824050-824183 Sentence denotes Land use mix, a consistently significant predictor of adult travel behavior, was consistently not associated with youth school trips.
T306 824184-824195 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T307 824196-824453 Sentence denotes Travel mode may be predetermined by parents or constrained by other circumstances, and it may only be under certain circumstances -youth located in communities safe from crime and traffic that are close to school -where urban form may influence travel mode.
T308 824454-824594 Sentence denotes There are indications that school quality may have an indirect impact on physical activity through its impact on neighborhood school choice.
T309 824595-824605 Sentence denotes Objective:
T310 824606-824740 Sentence denotes To apply an analysis of urban form and physical activity relationships to a land use planning tool in King County WA (Seattle region).
T311 824741-824748 Sentence denotes Method:
T312 824749-825077 Sentence denotes Regional travel survey data was used to measure active transportation (number and miles of bicycle or walk trips) in King County (n=2699 households); objectively measured data from the Neighborhood Quality of Life Study (NQLS, n=1200 households) was used to measure daily minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity (PA).
T313 825078-825179 Sentence denotes Urban form was measured at the 1 km network buffer level around each household using GIS parcel data.
T314 825180-825411 Sentence denotes A multiple regression model which controlled for sociodemographic factors was used to estimate coefficients, which were subsequently incorporated into I-PLACE3S, a sketch planning tool developed by the California Energy Commission.
T315 825412-825669 Sentence denotes All statistically significant variables (p<=.05) were integrated into I-PLACE3S; urban form variables of particular policy relevance that did not attain p<=.05 were included in the final models for incorporation into I-PLACE3S if they were logically signed.
T316 825670-825678 Sentence denotes Results:
T317 825679-825799 Sentence denotes Residential density, retail density, and presence of a park within the buffer were significantly related (p<=.05) to PA.
T318 825800-825942 Sentence denotes Intersection density approached but did not attain statistical significance on PA, and was left in the model for incorporation into I-PLACE3S.
T319 825943-826105 Sentence denotes Of the urban form variables, intersection density had the strongest association to active transportation trips and miles (β=.022 and β=.023, respectively; p<.01).
T320 826106-826236 Sentence denotes Retail density was also significantly related to active transportation trips and miles (β=1.876 and β=2.888, respectively; p<.01).
T321 826237-826386 Sentence denotes The number of retail/food-related parcels significantly increased the number of nonmotorized trips, but did not significantly change number of miles.
T322 826387-826510 Sentence denotes In addition to economic factors, globalization has an impact on cultural, social, and psychological aspects of functioning.
T323 826511-826577 Sentence denotes These changes require adaptation and are often a source of stress.
T324 826578-826649 Sentence denotes The current study assessed the stress experienced due to globalization.
T325 826650-826887 Sentence denotes Undergraduate participants from St. Xavier's College in Mumbai, India (N=56; Mean Age=19 years; 3 Men; 50% Christian & 28% Hindu) reported on the impact of globalization on their lives and on the culture and the society where they lived.
T326 826888-827147 Sentence denotes Two independent raters identified common themes and three additional independent raters reviewed the themes for overlapping content and modified the themes listed until they had consensus among them on 32 themes that described the experience of globalization.
T327 827148-827261 Sentence denotes Antenatal care (ANC) has been recognised as a way to improve health outcomes for pregnant women and their babies.
T328 827262-827410 Sentence denotes Only 29% of pregnant women receive the recommended four antenatal visits in Nepal and reasons for such low utilisation of ANC are poorly understood.
T329 827411-827547 Sentence denotes The main aims of this paper are to explore the mother-in-law's role in ANC uptake and decision-making about using ANC services in Nepal.
T330 827548-827732 Sentence denotes In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 purposively selected prenatal or postnatal mothers (half users, half non-users of ANC), 10 husbands and 10 mothers-in-law in two communities.
T1 827733-827873 Sentence denotes Our findings suggest that mothers-in-law are pivotal family members who often make decisions about ANC check ups for their daughters-in-law.
T2 827874-827973 Sentence denotes Sometimes this influence is positive, encouraging women to seek ANC, but more often it is negative.
T3 827974-828058 Sentence denotes A number of mothers-in-law had not used ANC themselves and did not see any benefits.
T4 828059-828353 Sentence denotes The main factor leading mothers-in-law not to support/ encourage ANC check ups were workload for pregnant women, mothers-in-law's perceptions of benefits deriving from ANC, their control over resources, their own past experiences and power relations between mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law.
T5 828354-828411 Sentence denotes Mothers-in-law have a strong influence on the use of ANC.
T6 828412-828562 Sentence denotes Health promotion and education interventions to improve the use of ANC should target both women and their family members, particularly mothers-in-law.
T7 828563-828573 Sentence denotes Objective:
T8 828574-828762 Sentence denotes To explore the perceptions of healthcare providers on antibiotic use and resistance development in relation to environmental factors i.e. physical, natural, social and behavioural factors.
T9 828763-828771 Sentence denotes Methods:
T10 828772-828950 Sentence denotes A qualitative interview study was conducted using faceto-face, semi-structured interviews among registered allopathic doctors, veterinarians and drug dispensers in Orissa, India.
T11 828951-829014 Sentence denotes The interview transcripts were analyzed using content analysis.
T12 829015-829023 Sentence denotes Results:
T13 829024-829254 Sentence denotes The main findings of this study relate to two themes: 'Interrelationship between antibiotic use, resistance development and environmental factors' and 'Antibiotic handling contributing to the development and spread of resistance'.
T14 829255-829675 Sentence denotes Changes in the natural and physical environment i.e. climate variability, physiography and population growth; the socioeconomic environment affecting healthseeking behaviour and noncompliance with medication; a lack of healthcare facilities and poor professional attitudes; and ineffective law enforcement on medicine dispensing, manufacturing and disposal were viewed as possible contributors to resistance development.
T15 829676-829703 Sentence denotes Conclusion and implication:
T16 829704-829950 Sentence denotes Our study indicates that although behavioural and social environmental factors are major contributors to resistance development, changes in the physical and natural environment exacerbate these problems, and suggests further quantitative studies.
T17 829951-830307 Sentence denotes The study also indicates a lack of information about and awareness of what constitutes prudent use of antibiotics and thus emphasizes the need for comprehensive action including information, education, dissemination and proper implementation and enforcement of legislation at all levels of drug delivery and disposal in order to rationalize antibiotic use.
T18 830308-830402 Sentence denotes For SBP this interaction was significant for Chinese (p < .04) but not for Malays and Indians.
T19 830403-830620 Sentence denotes TA also interacted with positive emotions such that for males with high TA higher levels of positive emotions were associated with increased SBP (p <.05) whereas this was not true for males with low TA or for females.
T20 830621-830775 Sentence denotes In addition, Indian males with high TA showed reduced HR with higher levels of positive emotion whereas this was not true for those with low TA (p < .01).
T21 830776-830829 Sentence denotes This interaction was not found for Chinese or Malays.
T22 830830-830842 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T23 830843-831026 Sentence denotes These data provide further evidence for the interaction of TA with negative emotions in cardiovascular reactivity and also obtained ethnic and gender differences in this relationship.
T24 831027-831302 Sentence denotes However, the fact that TA also interacts with positive emotions in its effects on cardiovascular parameters suggests that individuals with high TA, particularly if they are Chinese and/or male, may be more generally reactive to emotional experiences, irrespective of valance.
T25 831303-831310 Sentence denotes Theory:
T26 831311-831394 Sentence denotes Memory dysfunction is correlated with reduced adherence in various patients groups.
T27 831395-831570 Sentence denotes However, non-adherence is not only caused by memory dysfunction, as adherence is a complex behavioural regimen including planning, forming intentions and implementing actions.
T28 831571-831694 Sentence denotes Neurocognitive executive functioning is a precondition for these action-plans and therefore serves as a base for adherence.
T29 831695-831869 Sentence denotes Based on a model of executive function in medical illnesses this study investigates the link between executive function and adherence to medication in heart failure patients.
T30 831870-831877 Sentence denotes Method:
T31 831878-832148 Sentence denotes Executive function in patients (N=130) with heart failure is tested using Trail-Making test, Go/noGo-, Visual Set-Shifting-and n-Back task; other neurocognitive tests include digit-span (forward/backward), word recall (short/long-term), alertness and focussed attention.
T32 832149-832262 Sentence denotes Self-reported adherence is assessed using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale adjusted for social desirability.
T33 832263-832385 Sentence denotes As possible confounders age, years of education, beliefs about medicines, illness perception, and depression are analyzed.
T34 832386-832490 Sentence denotes To define health status quality of life, NYHA-class and relevant biological health markers are measured.
T35 832491-832499 Sentence denotes Results:
T36 832500-832626 Sentence denotes Preliminary results indicate that non-adherent patients showed worse performance on Trail-Making test and n-Back task (p<.05).
T37 832627-832737 Sentence denotes Results from multiple regression analyses are presented and a neurocognitive model of adherence is introduced.
T38 832738-832749 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T39 832750-832838 Sentence denotes The role of executive function on adherence to medication has not been investigated yet.
T40 832839-832946 Sentence denotes As medication taking involves complex regimens, executive dysfunction could explain non-adherent behaviour.
T41 832947-833083 Sentence denotes Patients with executive dysfunction may benefit from an early screening and guided medication taking procedure to overcome this barrier.
T42 833084-833320 Sentence denotes This study aimed to identify distinctive trajectories for pain/ disability and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following whiplash injury and to examine the effect of injury compensation claim lodgement on the trajectories.
T43 833321-833433 Sentence denotes In a prospective study, 155 individuals with whiplash were assessed at <1 month, 3, 6 and 12 months post injury.
T44 833434-833467 Sentence denotes Outcomes at each time point were:
T45 833468-833548 Sentence denotes Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS).
T46 833549-833633 Sentence denotes Group based trajectory analytical techniques were used to identify outcome profiles.
T47 833634-833758 Sentence denotes The analyses were then repeated after including third party compensation claim lodgment as a binary time-changing covariate.
T48 833759-833807 Sentence denotes Three distinct NDI trajectories were determined:
T49 833808-834082 Sentence denotes 1) Mild: mild or negligible pain/ disability for the entire 12 months (45%), 2) Moderate: initial moderate pain/disability that decreased to mild levels by 3 months (39%) and 3) Chronic-severe: severe pain/disability persisting at moderate/severe levels for 12 months (16%).
T50 834083-834137 Sentence denotes Three distinct PTSD trajectories were also identified:
T51 834138-834470 Sentence denotes 1) Resilient: mild symptoms throughout (40%), 2) Recovering: initial moderate symptoms declining to mild levels by 3 months (43%) and 3) Chronic moderate-severe: persistent moderate/severe symptoms throughout 12 months (17% Rebelliousness is about feeling compelled to do something contrary to that required by some external agency.
T52 834471-834723 Sentence denotes More than hostility (a known psychological risk indicator for heart disease), rebelliousness might be strongly related to health and heart disease via rebellious persons opposing and obstructing health campaigns aimed at modifying unhealthy behaviours.
T53 834724-834998 Sentence denotes We set out to examine, firstly, the psychometric properties of a rebelliousness question-naire and, secondly, the extent to which rebelliousness and hostility compete in the prediction of incident heart disease and in the contribution to socioeconomic differences in health.
T54 834999-835283 Sentence denotes Using Dutch data on older men and women (n=4,485), we found moderate reliability (Cronbach's α ranging between 0.50 and 0.60) and moderate (construct) validity, as indicated by rebelliousness being (moderately) associated with low control beliefs, hostility, and unhealthy behaviours.
T55 835284-835675 Sentence denotes Using longitudinal data (n> 2,000), we will further report on the extent to which rebelliousness is more common (than hostility) in lower socioeconomic status groups, the extent to which rebelliousness is more common (than hostility) in the etiology of heart disease, and the extent to which rebelliousness more strongly (than hostility) affects heart disease through poor health behaviours.
T56 835676-835807 Sentence denotes The findings add to the body of evidence on the psychological pathways involved in how socioeconomic structure gets under the skin.
T57 835808-835934 Sentence denotes Epidemiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; 2 Bethesda Hospital, Ulm, Germany and 3 Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.
T58 835935-836001 Sentence denotes Physical activity is a powerful predictor of health in older ages.
T59 836002-836142 Sentence denotes However, in most population-based studies on this topic physical activity has been measured retrospectively with the help of questionnaires.
T60 836143-836171 Sentence denotes Accordingly, bias may occur.
T61 836172-836289 Sentence denotes The present investigation applies an ambulatory objective measurement of physical activity which helps to avoid bias.
T62 836290-836435 Sentence denotes The baseline screening of a prospective study is currently conducted in a random sample of the older population in the greater Ulm area, Germany.
T63 836436-836504 Sentence denotes It is planned to investigate 1500 men and women aged 65 to 90 years.
T64 836505-836539 Sentence denotes Recently, about 1000 are included.
T65 836540-836719 Sentence denotes Extensive information on cognitive and physical functioning, chronic disease, quality of life and socio-demographic variables is derived from well-tested questionnaires and tests.
T66 836720-836782 Sentence denotes Information on medication and falls is assessed prospectively.
T67 836783-836846 Sentence denotes Lung function is measured according to international standards.
T68 836847-836895 Sentence denotes Blood samples are taken to determine biomarkers.
T69 836896-837047 Sentence denotes Furthermore, physical activity is assessed ambulatory with the help of accelerometers.The accelerometer information is combined with an activity diary.
T70 837048-837163 Sentence denotes First preliminary results show associations between physical activity as measured by the accelerometers and health.
T71 837164-837313 Sentence denotes Individuals with type II diabetes are significantly less active as compared to elderly without this disease even after adjustment for age and gender.
T72 837314-837454 Sentence denotes Over a period of at least 5 days subjects with diabetes are on an average one hour per day longer inactive as compared to the healthy group.
T73 837455-837638 Sentence denotes Further analyses will include a number of additional variables presumably influencing these associations like depression, lung function, and cognitive as well as physical functioning.
T74 837639-837816 Sentence denotes First preliminary results of the IMCA-ActiFe study indicate the validity of objective measurement of physical activity and show associations of inactivity with type II diabetes.
T75 837817-837945 Sentence denotes For the future a more clear and detailed picture of daily activity among elderly can be expected from accelerometer measurement.
T76 837946-838026 Sentence denotes Accordingly, interventions better tailored to individual needs can be developed.
T77 838027-838038 Sentence denotes Background:
T78 838039-838227 Sentence denotes Despite the evidence that providing care to a person with dementia has adverse health consequences on caregivers, there are individual variations in their responses to the caregiving role.
T79 838228-838370 Sentence denotes Approximately 10.4 million family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's and other dementias provide care to their loved ones in the community.
T80 838371-838562 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between highly resourceful and less resourceful family caregivers on role reward, preparedness for caregiving, anxiety and depression.
T81 838563-838570 Sentence denotes Method:
T82 838571-838732 Sentence denotes A comparative descriptive design was used on baseline data of 84 family caregivers who were living with and caring for person diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
T83 838733-838834 Sentence denotes The data is part of an ongoing intervention study to enhance resourceful skills in family caregivers.
T84 838835-838847 Sentence denotes Instruments:
T85 838848-838913 Sentence denotes Resourcefulness was with the 36-item Self -Control Schedule (SCS:
T86 838914-838932 Sentence denotes Rosenbaum, 1980) .
T87 838933-838985 Sentence denotes Depression was measured with the 20-item CESD scale.
T88 838986-839083 Sentence denotes Preparedness was measured using the 8-item Family Preparedness Scale (Archbold & Stewart, 1994) .
T89 839084-839193 Sentence denotes Anxiety was measured using the Anxiety Scale on the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (Speilberger et al, 1970) .
T90 839194-839326 Sentence denotes Role reward was measured with Family Role reward Scale (Archbold & Stewart, 1994) , a 15-item Likert-type tool with a 5 point scale.
T91 839327-839391 Sentence denotes Descriptive statistics and t-test were used to analyze the data.
T92 839392-839401 Sentence denotes Findings:
T93 839402-839682 Sentence denotes The results showed that family caregivers with low SCS scores (less than 25) were significantly less prepared (t=3.03, df= 83, p<.004), more anxious (t-3.055, df=83, p,.004) and reported less role reward(t=3.59, df=83, p<.001) in caregiving than those who were highly resourceful.
T94 839683-839785 Sentence denotes There were no difference in depression, and appraisal of behavior of behavior problems between groups.
T95 839786-839903 Sentence denotes The implication is to assess and enhance caregivers' resourcefulness on those caregivers with low resourceful skills.
T96 839904-839915 Sentence denotes Background:
T97 839916-840033 Sentence denotes The German elderly population experienced more traumatic experiences across their life-span than the younger cohorts.
T98 840034-840206 Sentence denotes Even sixty years after the WW II, this cohort is significantly more often affected by posttraumatic symptomatology compared to the younger cohorts (Maercker et al., 2008) .
T99 840207-840342 Sentence denotes The present study is addressing prevalence rates of posttraumatic symptomatology and it's comorbidity with depression and somatization.
T100 840343-840351 Sentence denotes Methods:
T101 840352-840573 Sentence denotes The study examines PTSD according to DSM-IV, partial PTSD, depression and somatisation in a randomly selected sample of the German general population aged 60 to 85 years (N=1.659) using self rating instruments (PHQ, PDS).
T102 840574-840582 Sentence denotes Results:
T103 840583-840690 Sentence denotes One-month prevalence rates were 2.8% for DSM-IV PTSD, another 11.9% fulfilled the criteria of partial PTSD.
T104 840691-840776 Sentence denotes This points out, that sub threshold symptomatology plays a major role in the elderly.
T105 840777-841024 Sentence denotes 11.5% of the persons affected by PTSD symptomatology fulfil the criteria of a somatoform syndrome, 8.5% fulfil the criteria of Major Depression and 10.4% fulfil the criteria of other depressive syndromes according the Patient Health Questionnaire.
T106 841025-841078 Sentence denotes 5.6% report both -depression and somatoform disorder.
T107 841079-841090 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T108 841091-841223 Sentence denotes Even sixty years after WW II, posttraumatic symptomatology is more common in the elderly in Germany compared to the younger cohorts.
T109 841224-841315 Sentence denotes It is often accompanied by other comorbid mental disorders like depression or somatisation.
T110 841316-841407 Sentence denotes Implications of these findings for health and health care in the elderly will be discussed.
T111 841408-841429 Sentence denotes CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
T112 841430-841537 Sentence denotes Heide Glaesmer, Dr, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103; Heide.Glaesmer@medizin.uni-leipzig.de Objective:
T113 841538-841774 Sentence denotes To explore how African American youth cope with the diagnosis and treatment of parental breast cancer and to identify culturally sensitive ways to recruit and sustain participation of this vulnerable population in intervention programs.
T114 841775-841783 Sentence denotes Methods:
T115 841784-842018 Sentence denotes Three qualitative focus groups which were part of a larger study were conducted with 12 African American youth between the ages of 11 and 18 currently coping with parental breast cancer from the northeastern part of the United States.
T116 842019-842108 Sentence denotes Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis.
T117 842109-842117 Sentence denotes Results:
T118 842118-842319 Sentence denotes African American youth described fear and uncertainty about the mortality of their parent, their unpredictable future, and discomfort in negotiating breast cancer's relationship with the entire family.
T119 842320-842453 Sentence denotes Four primary themes emerged which were coping with cancer, surviving cancer too, changes in family function, and growth through pain.
T120 842454-842646 Sentence denotes African American youth described feeling overlooked by their families and oncology staff treating their parents, often being in the role of protecting their parents physically and emotionally.
T121 842647-842659 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T122 842660-842820 Sentence denotes This study suggests that clinicians can improve the care of African American breast cancer patients and their adolescent children by being more family-centered.
T123 842821-842979 Sentence denotes Adolescents need more developmentally appropriate preparation for the family changes likely to occur when a parent is diagnosed and treated for breast cancer.
T124 842980-843239 Sentence denotes Developing a support group comprised of other youth coping with parental breast cancer from diagnosis throughout treatment was described as a preferred intervention to promote a shared understanding in order to overcome feelings of isolation, worry, and fear.
T125 843240-843251 Sentence denotes Background:
T126 843252-843409 Sentence denotes Previous studies suggest that use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) may have a beneficial influence on emotional well-being of cancer patients.
T127 843410-843576 Sentence denotes Most existing studies, however, are based on small non-representative samples and have not differentiated between different types of cancer and specific types of CAM.
T128 843577-843587 Sentence denotes Objective:
T129 843588-843867 Sentence denotes To investigate if use of specific types of CAM measured 3 months after surgery predicted the level of depressive symptoms at follow-up 15-16 months after surgery when controlling for baseline depression and sociodemographic-, health-, disease-, and treatment related confounders.
T130 843868-843876 Sentence denotes Methods:
T131 843877-843948 Sentence denotes In a nationwide cohort of 3343 Danish women (age 26-70) (response rate:
T132 843949-844111 Sentence denotes 68%), use of CAM since diagnosis, depressive symptoms (Beck's Depression Inventory), and health-related variables were assessed at baseline 3 months post-surgery.
T133 844112-844223 Sentence denotes Depressive symptoms were re-assessed at follow-up 15 months post-surgery (response rate for disease free women:
T134 844224-844229 Sentence denotes 94%).
T135 844230-844377 Sentence denotes Sociodemographic-, and clinical variables and data on comorbidity were obtained from the surgical departments and national longitudinal registries.
T136 844378-844386 Sentence denotes Results:
T137 844387-844461 Sentence denotes Overall CAM use was associated with more depressive symptoms at follow-up.
T138 844462-844774 Sentence denotes This was due to users of dietary or vitamin supplements (N =895) at baseline exhibiting more depressive symptoms at follow-up, compared to non-users in a negative binomial regression analysis fully adjusted for baseline depression and potential confounders (ratio of mean (RM) = 1.11; 95% CI=1.04 -1.19; p=.003).
T139 844775-844786 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T140 844787-844901 Sentence denotes In this prospective study use of dietary or vitamin supplements showed to be a risk factor of depressive symptoms.
T141 844902-845181 Sentence denotes It remains to be explored if this finding may be explained by a hidden vulnerability for depressive symptoms among women using dietary or vitamin supplements, by interaction effects with conventional treatment, or by a direct negative influence of dietary or vitamin supplements.
T142 845182-845203 Sentence denotes Learning objective 1:
T143 845204-845305 Sentence denotes To gain knowledge of the association between use of CAM and changes in QoL in breast cancer patients.
T144 845306-845327 Sentence denotes Learning objective 2:
T145 845328-845444 Sentence denotes To gain knowledge of the association between specific types of CAM use and changes in QoL in breast cancer patients.
T146 845445-845559 Sentence denotes Increasingly, breast cancer(BC) is managed as a chronic disease with persistent physical and psychosocial demands.
T147 845560-845663 Sentence denotes Yet,little research has focused on the long-term psychosocial needs of women across the care continuum.
T148 845664-845792 Sentence denotes The Cancer Support Community(CSC) fielded a national survey to better understand the current psychosocial needs of BC survivors.
T149 845793-845894 Sentence denotes Methods: CSC conducted an online survey of 1,004 breast cancer survivors,0 to 5 years post-diagnosis.
T150 845895-846069 Sentence denotes Questions were developed with input from a National Advisory Council of interdisciplinary experts representing advocacy, oncology,psychology,policy,industry and managed care.
T151 846070-846078 Sentence denotes Results:
T152 846079-846129 Sentence denotes 87% participants were white,with a mean age of 54.
T153 846130-846187 Sentence denotes 45% graduated from college and 14% had a graduate degree.
T154 846188-846248 Sentence denotes 75% had stage II cancer or less and 13% had a BC recurrence.
T155 846249-846365 Sentence denotes 81% survivors reported some form of physical, emotional or spiritual distress with 67% reporting emotional distress.
T156 846366-846515 Sentence denotes 64% women indicated fear of recurrence,58% physical changes,55% anxiety,47% depression,46% financial worries as the leading contributors to distress.
T157 846516-846693 Sentence denotes Regarding their immediate needs, women wanted support around fears of recurrence (62%);making healthy lifestyle choices (60%);financial matters (42%);and reducing anxiety (41%).
T158 846694-846836 Sentence denotes 86% believe emotional support is important to overall health,while only 52% had someone from their medical team address their emotional needs.
T159 846837-846901 Sentence denotes 37% respondents did not receive a referral for support services.
T160 846902-846978 Sentence denotes Of those that did receive a referral,30% did not follow up on any referrals.
T161 846979-847072 Sentence denotes To reduce the cost of breast cancer,38% of respondents delayed seeking counseling or support.
T162 847073-847148 Sentence denotes 64% would be likely to seek psychosocial support if it were free of charge.
T163 847149-847160 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T164 847161-847305 Sentence denotes Women with breast cancer recognize the importance of emotional support as part of survivorship care,yet few survivors access the care they need.
T165 847306-847327 Sentence denotes As part of the M.A.P.
T166 847328-847499 Sentence denotes Project,these data will inform the development of a Cancer Survivor Registry to identify behavioral trends and gaps in psychosocial care across the survivorship continuum.
T167 847500-847511 Sentence denotes Background:
T168 847512-847647 Sentence denotes Several studies have reported beneficial effects of expressive writing intervention (EWI) on emotional distress in patient populations.
T169 847648-847772 Sentence denotes However, moderating variables are often involved and possible deleterious effects have received little attention Objectives:
T170 847773-847935 Sentence denotes To explore whether the cognitive strategy of temporal comparison (i.e. comparing present life with past life) moderates the effect of EWI on negative affect (NA).
T171 847936-847944 Sentence denotes Methods:
T172 847945-848172 Sentence denotes A population based sample of women completing adjuvant treatment for breast cancer were randomized to a EWI group (n=253) writing about the most traumatic experience or to a control group (n=254) writing about daily activities.
T173 848173-848244 Sentence denotes Both groups completed three home-based writing sessions one week apart.
T174 848245-848397 Sentence denotes Temporal comparison was an evaluation of "Compared to previously, my life now is…" on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "much worse" to "much better".
T175 848398-848426 Sentence denotes NA was measured by the POMS.
T176 848427-848533 Sentence denotes Both variables were assessed before randomization, 3 months, and 9 months after the first writing session.
T177 848534-848542 Sentence denotes Results:
T178 848543-848627 Sentence denotes The EWI and control group did not differ in use of comparisons or in NA at baseline.
T179 848628-848702 Sentence denotes Repeated-measures ANOVAs showed no main effects of EWI on NA (F=0.48, ns).
T180 848703-848900 Sentence denotes When temporal comparison was included in the model, a significant effect of EWI on NA was found (F=3.53, p<0.001), together with an interaction between EWI and temporal comparison (F=2.13, p<0.05).
T181 848901-848912 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T182 848913-849141 Sentence denotes The results showed that EWI-women who at baseline evaluated their present life as better than previous periods increased in negative affect, whereas in the control condition, these women showed stable or reduced negative affect.
T183 849142-849245 Sentence denotes This suggests that EWI could have an adverse effect in individuals who are not settled with their past.
T184 849246-849345 Sentence denotes Hence, future studies may consider prescreening to optimize outcomes of EWI in patient populations.
T185 849346-849359 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T186 849360-849423 Sentence denotes Socioeconomic differences in weight status are well documented.
T187 849424-849597 Sentence denotes These inequalities may be partly due to differences in takeaway food consumption patterns as frequent fast-food consumption is associated with increased risk of weight gain.
T188 849598-849713 Sentence denotes However, the findings of studies examining socioeconomic position (SEP) and fast-food consumption are inconsistent.
T189 849714-849786 Sentence denotes The current study examines SEP and takeaway food consumption behaviours.
T190 849787-849794 Sentence denotes Method:
T191 849795-849902 Sentence denotes A cross-sectional postal survey was conducted among 1500 adults aged 25 and 64 years (response rate=63.6%).
T192 849903-850099 Sentence denotes SEP was ascertained from participants' highest achieved education level, and takeaway consumption was measured using a detailed food frequency questionnaire of 22 takeaway food and beverage items.
T193 850100-850249 Sentence denotes Socioeconomic differences in the frequency (whether ate≥2 times per week) and types of takeaway food consumed were determined by logistic regression.
T194 850250-850258 Sentence denotes Results:
T195 850259-850329 Sentence denotes About 42% of men and 33% women consumed takeaway food at least weekly.
T196 850330-850528 Sentence denotes There were no education differences in the frequency of takeaway food consumption between the highest and lowest education groups (men OR 1.48; 95% CI 0.68, 3.18; women OR 1.39; 95% CI 0.69, 2.80) .
T197 850529-850722 Sentence denotes However, lower educated men and women were more likely to make unhealthy takeaway choices though this difference only reached statistical significance among women (OR 2.87; 95% CI 1.51, 5.45) .
T198 850723-850734 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T199 850735-850966 Sentence denotes Takeaway food consumption may be an important contributor to dietary intakes among adults and may contribute to socioeconomic inequalities in dietary intakes and subsequently inequalities in overweight/obesity and chronic diseases.
T200 850967-851073 Sentence denotes Poor mental health is more prevalent among diabetic patients and may be a risk factor for worse prognosis.
T201 851074-851218 Sentence denotes Worsening glucose metabolism appears to contribute to patient's level of distress and may be an important factor in explaining future prognosis.
T202 851219-851341 Sentence denotes We examined associations between psychological distress, glucose metabolism and death in adults with and without diabetes.
T203 851342-851639 Sentence denotes In a representative, prospective study of 18,525 adults (4.1% with physician-diagnosed diabetes) we measured levels of psychological distress using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and blood was collected for the assessment of glycated haemoglobin, a marker of glucose metabolism.
T204 851640-851677 Sentence denotes The main outcome was all cause death.
T205 851678-851830 Sentence denotes Psychological distress, that was defined as GHQ-12 score of ≥4, was apparent in 19.5% and 13.9% of participants with and without diabetes, respectively.
T206 851831-851952 Sentence denotes Distress was associated with greater cardiovascular morbidity although not with impaired glucose metabolism in diabetics.
T207 851953-852033 Sentence denotes Among diabetics there were 187 deaths over an average of 6.0 years of follow up.
T208 852034-852234 Sentence denotes Distress was associated with higher risk of death (multivariate adjusted hazard ratio=1.95, 95% CI, 1.34 -2.84) after adjustment for glucose control, health behaviours, and cardiovascular comorbidity.
T209 852235-852405 Sentence denotes The synergistic coexistence of diabetes and distress was associated with an elevated risk of all cause death, beyond that due to having either diabetes or distress alone.
T210 852406-852578 Sentence denotes In summary, psychological distress is an independent risk factor for death in diabetic patients, but this association was not explained through impaired glucose metabolism.
T211 852579-852682 Sentence denotes Early screening for distress may have important implications for prevention and treatment in diabetics.
T212 852683-852694 Sentence denotes Background:
T213 852695-852808 Sentence denotes Research suggests that men may underestimate both their weight and the health risks associated with their weight.
T214 852809-852911 Sentence denotes However, there is only limited understanding of the health beliefs and health behaviours of obese men.
T215 852912-853167 Sentence denotes This qualitative study of Australian men with obesity (BMI over 30) aimed to explore their beliefs about their weight, health and wellbeing; their attitudes towards weight loss; and the strategies that they employed to lose weight or improve their health.
T216 853168-853175 Sentence denotes Method:
T217 853176-853305 Sentence denotes In-depth semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with a community sample of men with a body mass index of 30 or more.
T218 853306-853460 Sentence denotes A range of community engagement strategies were used to encourage men to take part in the study from different socioeconomic and geographical backgrounds.
T219 853461-853518 Sentence denotes Data were analysed using a descriptive thematic approach.
T220 853519-853527 Sentence denotes Results:
T221 853528-853556 Sentence denotes Thirty-six men participated.
T222 853557-853698 Sentence denotes Most men stated that they were not aware of their weight gain and that their weight had increased slowly and steadily over a number of years.
T223 853699-853854 Sentence denotes Often a significant life event, for example a health scare, motivated men to recognise that their weight was a problem and that they needed to lose weight.
T224 853855-853901 Sentence denotes Men often blamed themselves for their obesity.
T225 853902-854014 Sentence denotes They believed that their obesity was primarily caused by a lack of activity rather than their eating behaviours.
T226 854015-854212 Sentence denotes Most strongly believed that it was their personal responsibility to lose weight and felt confident that they could achieve weight loss without the support of family members or health professionals.
T227 854213-854338 Sentence denotes However, they wanted to be engaged in strategies that focused on improving their health and fitness, rather than weight loss.
T228 854339-854448 Sentence denotes They felt that this was a more empowering approach and the most effective way to lose weight and keep it off.
T229 854449-854680 Sentence denotes Perceived barriers to successful weight loss included commitment to work and family; social pressures to maintain unhealthy behaviours; and the costs of interventions such as gym memberships, personal trainers and commercial diets.
T230 854681-854692 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T231 854693-854852 Sentence denotes The information provided in this study informs how we can tailor medical and public health strategies for obese men that resonate with their lived experiences.
T232 854853-854969 Sentence denotes It also highlights the importance of social and contextual factors in understanding the experiences of obese adults.
T233 854970-854981 Sentence denotes Background:
T234 854982-855109 Sentence denotes Previous studies of public perceptions of obesity interventions have been quantitative and based on general population surveys.
T235 855110-855273 Sentence denotes This study aims to explore the opinions and attitudes of obese individuals towards obesity interventions aimed at the population and individual level in Australia.
T236 855274-855282 Sentence denotes Methods:
T237 855283-855416 Sentence denotes Qualitative methods using in-depth semi-structured telephone interviews with a community sample of obese adults (Body Mass Index≥30).
T238 855417-855588 Sentence denotes Theoretical, purposive and strategic sampling techniques were used to ensure a broad representation of individuals from different demographic and geographical backgrounds.
T239 855589-855892 Sentence denotes Participants were asked about their attitudes towards three population based interventions (regulation, public health campaigns, and social marketing) and three individual interventions (tailored fitness programs; commercial dieting; and bariatric surgery), and the effectiveness of these interventions.
T240 855893-855901 Sentence denotes Results:
T241 855902-855971 Sentence denotes One hundred and forty two individuals (19-75 years) were interviewed.
T242 855972-856182 Sentence denotes Participants strongly supported non-commercial interventions that were focused on encouraging individuals to make healthy lifestyle changes (regulation, physical activity programs, and public health campaigns).
T243 856183-856388 Sentence denotes There was less support for interventions perceived to be invasive or high risk (gastric band surgery), stigmatising (social marketing) or commercially motivated (commercial diets and gastric band surgery).
T244 856389-856477 Sentence denotes Personal experiences with weight and weight loss attempts strongly influenced attitudes.
T245 856478-856489 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T246 856490-856631 Sentence denotes Obese adults support non-commercial, nonstigmatising interventions which are designed to improve lifestyles, rather than promote weight loss.
T247 856632-856780 Sentence denotes While it is well established that depression is frequently comorbid with diabetes, it is still unclear whether screening for depression has utility.
T248 856781-857031 Sentence denotes In this study the aims was to assess the impact of screening for depression in a hospital outpatient diabetes clinic by comparing the outcomes in patients with diabetes and depression following random allocation to three different management options.
T249 857032-857107 Sentence denotes 1070 outpatients with type 1 and 2 diabetes were screening using the CES-D.
T250 857108-857214 Sentence denotes Those that screened positive had a diagnosis of a major depressive episode (MDE) confirmed using the CIDI.
T251 857215-857416 Sentence denotes Thus 178 patients with MDE were randomly allocated to direct referral to the hospital psychology service, information and a letter for patients to give to their primary care practitioner or usual care.
T252 857417-857521 Sentence denotes Patients were assessed and then followed up six-months later to assess depression and diabetes outcomes.
T253 857522-857686 Sentence denotes Patients in both the direct referral and the primary care conditions improved significantly on measures of depression compared to those in the usual care condition.
T254 857687-857813 Sentence denotes However, only those patients in the primary care condition also improved significantly on a measure of diabetes control, HbA1.
T255 857814-857935 Sentence denotes These findings suggest that screening for depression following by primary care is valuable in the management of diabetes.
T256 857936-858097 Sentence denotes The lack of a well characterized state of the art in peer support interventions impedes their routine inclusion as standard and funded components of health care.
T257 858098-858349 Sentence denotes A major challenge to efforts to characterize peer support is, in turn, the extent to which it is culturally contingent, that is, how characteristics of support are dependent on differing cultural, social, and organizational standards, norms or values.
T258 858350-858492 Sentence denotes What is a sensitive offer of help in one culture may be intrusive in another or too reserved and thereby indicative of disinterest in a third.
T259 858493-858718 Sentence denotes Additionally, varying attitudes toward health, fate, life and death as well as cultural contingencies surrounding key health behaviors such as diet add complexity to efforts to promote peer support across different countries.
T260 858719-859066 Sentence denotes To address these challenges, Peers for Progress, a global program to promote peer support in health care, has followed a strategy of "standardization by function, not content." This identifies key functions of peer support across cultures and settings which, at the same time, allow for considerable flexibility in content of local implementation.
T261 859067-859288 Sentence denotes Peers for Progress and its grantees have identified as key functions of peer support 1) assistance in daily management, 2) social and emotional support, 3) linkage to clinical care, and 4) ongoing availability of support.
T262 859289-859419 Sentence denotes This symposium will explore how this approach has been realized in peer support programs in Australia, China, Thailand and Uganda.
T263 859420-859647 Sentence denotes From Australia, Dr. Oldenburg will describe extension of support groups that Diabetes Australia-Victoria has established for over a decade to improve daily management, social and emotional support, and linkage to clinical care.
T264 859648-859842 Sentence denotes From Hong Kong, Dr. Chan will describe "Pearl," a program that integrates peer support within "Jade," a program to promote algorithm based, systematic clinical care for diabetes in primary care.
T265 859843-859983 Sentence denotes From Uganda, Dr. Baumann will describe challenges faced and successes of a peer support program in small, severely under-resourced villages.
T266 859984-860291 Sentence denotes Finally, Dr. Boothroyd will describe how these and the other eleven project of Peers for Progress have increased understanding of important features of the four key functions of peer support, identified important aspects of implementation, and addressed programmatic, cultural and organizational challenges.
T267 860292-860516 Sentence denotes Across all of these, identification of common functions guides program development that reflects generalized knowledge while allowing for tailoring to the strengths and characteristics of populations, cultures, and settings.
T268 860517-860630 Sentence denotes Diabetes is a killing and costly disease although many of its complications are preventable and highly treatable.
T269 860631-860853 Sentence denotes The Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) Program is the first web-based program incorporating a comprehensive risk engine, care protocols, clinical decision and self management support to improve ambulatory diabetes care.
T270 860854-860971 Sentence denotes It uses state-of-the-art information technology to facilitate healthcare professionals to create a diabetes registry.
T271 860972-861145 Sentence denotes The JADE e-portal also incorporates an interactive risk engine which stratifies patients into different risk levels based on clinical and biochemical data measured annually.
T272 861146-861308 Sentence denotes With this risk stratification, the JADE e-portal recommends a care protocol tailored to these risk levels with decision support triggered by various risk factors.
T273 861309-861444 Sentence denotes On top of 'High-Tech' accessories, quality diabetes care requires informed-decisions of motivated care providers and diabetes patients.
T274 861445-861750 Sentence denotes We started the Peer Support, Empowerment And Remote Communication Linked By Information Technology (PEARL) Study in early 2009 in Hong Kong to use peer support and information technology to facilitate care providers to implement structured care and empower diabetes patients acquire selfmanagement skills.
T275 861751-861883 Sentence denotes PEARL is a multi-component program making use of peer support, JADE Program and the Australasian Telephone Linked Care (TLC) system.
T276 861884-862158 Sentence denotes TLC system utilizes an automatic, interactive, computer-controlled telephone system to enhance knowledge on diabetes self-management The PEARL Program involves trained mentors who are themselves diabetes patients with good self care and are motivated to support their peers.
T277 862159-862270 Sentence denotes Diabetes patients receiving structured care in Hong Kong through the JADE Program will be recruited as mentees.
T278 862271-862411 Sentence denotes They will receive peer support by the mentors (1 mentor to 10 diabetes patients or mentees) through regular phone calls and sharing session.
T279 862412-862505 Sentence denotes They will also be reminded to use the TLC for knowledge enhancement and motivational support.
T280 862506-862673 Sentence denotes Effects of various components of peer support on the patients' disease control as well as user acceptability and cost-effectiveness of these programs will be examined.
T281 862674-862871 Sentence denotes We believe the combined use of a registry, structured care protocol and peer support will make quality diabetes care more accessible, sustainable and affordable, especially in resource-scare areas.
T282 862872-863054 Sentence denotes Diabetes Australia-Victoria (DA-Vic) is a very well established NGO that has sustained a community network (ComNet) of support groups for people with diabetes for more than a decade.
T283 863055-863149 Sentence denotes They aim to convey expert information about diabetes and to provide social support to members.
T284 863150-863189 Sentence denotes Building on this experience S266 Int.J.
T285 863190-863196 Sentence denotes Behav.
T286 863197-863491 Sentence denotes Med. (2010) 17(Suppl 1):S1-S329 over many years, the Australasian Peers for Progress Diabetes Program (PfP-DP) aims to implement and evaluate a peer-led group program to improve daily management, social and emotional support, and linkage to clinical care for people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
T287 863492-863730 Sentence denotes Participants will be recruited from the membership of (1) the National Diabetes Services Scheme, an Australian government initiative for people with diabetes to obtain subsidized consumables, and (2) DA-Vic membership of people with T2DM.
T288 863731-863917 Sentence denotes The intervention trial involves 12 groups of 8-12 people led by lay peer leader(s), who are receiving training in group facilitation, communication, goal setting and motivational skills.
T289 863918-864073 Sentence denotes Groups will meet monthly for 12 months, during which time group participants will review difficulties with their diabetes care, successes and achievements.
T290 864074-864231 Sentence denotes The control (waitlist) arm comprises 12 "virtual" groups of similar composition who do not meet and receive their usual care until after the first 12 months.
T291 864232-864372 Sentence denotes All study participants, and peer leaders, receive 1-day of basic diabetes self-management education prior to intervention groups commencing.
T292 864373-864494 Sentence denotes Primary outcome is based on cardiovascular risk score (using the UKPDS equations) at baseline, 12 and 18 month follow up.
T293 864495-864588 Sentence denotes Secondary outcomes include self-care behaviors, psychosocial functioning and quality of life.
T294 864589-864642 Sentence denotes The program will also undergo an economic evaluation.
T295 864643-864967 Sentence denotes The program partnership with an NGO and program delivery by volunteer, lay peer leaders trained to support behavior change in people with T2DM could enhance program transfer to other countries within the Asia Pacific region, where lay workers and community health workers are already integral to delivery of health services.
T296 864968-865129 Sentence denotes The purpose of this 3-month pilot intervention was to test the feasibility of a peer support program for persons with type 2 diabetes in a resource-poor setting.
T297 865130-865268 Sentence denotes Using a pre-post-intervention design, data were collected on A1C, perceptions of social support, coping, and diabetes self-care behaviors.
T298 865269-865400 Sentence denotes Outcomes were improved daily self-care behaviors, social and emotional support, A1C values, and linkages with healthcare providers.
T299 865401-865587 Sentence denotes Peer Champions (n=19) were patients who attended the Mityana diabetes clinic, could speak and read English, and agreed to contact another patient with diabetes (Partner) at least weekly.
T300 865588-865698 Sentence denotes Champions received education in diabetes self-care and in providing supportive communication to peer Partners.
T301 865699-865780 Sentence denotes Peer Partners (n=27) were patients with diabetes who attended the Mityana Clinic.
T302 865781-865936 Sentence denotes Champions and Partners met at a community meeting where diabetes self-care education was again provided, and participants were assigned to pairs or triads.
T303 865937-866085 Sentence denotes Telephones provided were linked to a pre-paid network so that calls were free if they were to another peer or champion, or to a healthcare provider.
T304 866086-866242 Sentence denotes Participants who completed the intervention (28 females, 13 males) had a mean age of 55 years (range=32 to 74) and a mean duration of diabetes of 6.5 years.
T305 866243-866361 Sentence denotes A post-intervention meeting was held with 16 Champions and 25 Partners to complete measurements and share experiences.
T306 866362-866434 Sentence denotes Sixty-six percent of participants reported peer contact at least weekly.
T307 866435-866567 Sentence denotes There was no change in scores on a 5-item diabetes coping scale, a 14-item barriers scale, physical activity or missing medications.
T308 866568-866740 Sentence denotes Perceptions of social support from family and friends and a single item rating on "confidence in managing diabetes" significantly decreased (p=.03, and p=.02 respectively).
T309 866741-866909 Sentence denotes There was improvement in eating behaviors (p<.001) and 77.8% reported that they contacted the clinic and healthcare providers more often than prior to the intervention.
T310 866910-867010 Sentence denotes The most striking finding was a reduction (p<.05) in mean A1C from 9.8% to 6.8% (by IFCC standards).
T311 867011-867184 Sentence denotes Eighty percent of participants indicated that the most helpful aspects of peer support were 'advice about taking care of diabetes' and 'encouragement to contact the clinic'.
T312 867185-867468 Sentence denotes Participants especially liked using pre-paid telephones to contact healthcare providers and peers and receiving written material about diabetes self-care; however, most would have preferred materials in the local language and 92% reported difficulty reading because of poor eyesight.
T313 867469-867715 Sentence denotes In conclusion, both providers and peers were actively engaged in a program that resulted in improved glycemic control and linkages with healthcare providers; other results may be explained by the resource-poor setting and unique cultural factors.
T314 867716-867943 Sentence denotes In addition to the programs from Australia, China and Uganda described in this symposium, Peers for Progress has funded 11 other projects representing Argentina, Cameroon, England, South Africa, Thailand, and the United States.
T315 867944-868285 Sentence denotes Observations from these provide opportunity for identifying ways in which generalizable key functions of peer support (assistance in daily management, social and emotional support, linkage to clinical care, and ongoing support) are represented in programs as well as ways in which programs are tailored to local characteristics or strengths.
T316 868286-868557 Sentence denotes In particular, the experiences of individual projects have led not to major changes in the four key functions but to a) enhanced understanding of several of them, b) recognition of important implementation considerations, and c) attention to challenges in implementation.
T317 868558-868821 Sentence denotes Enhanced understanding of the important of the functions has included recognition of the importance of attention to medications and adherence in a disease like diabetes, emotional and social support, and assisting individuals in navigating the health care system.
T318 868822-869101 Sentence denotes Implementation considerations include recognizing varied modes of delivery (face-to-face, individual, group, telephone, etc.), the needs not just of individuals but of their family and caregivers, and the need of support providers for their own ongoing encouragement and support.
T319 869102-869791 Sentence denotes In implementation, recognition has also grown regarding the importance of integration of understanding of the role of peer support across members of the health care team so that everyone delivers a solid and common message though they may be using different "languages." Challenges have included the widespreaqd and substantial barriers individuals face in transportation, infrastructure (e.g., electricity), and employment, difficulties in negotiating and establishing organizational partnerships, encouraging among peer supporters a stance of "peerage" rather than teaching, and cultural challenges such as those related to roles of women, roles of patients vis a vis professionals, etc.
T320 869792-870101 Sentence denotes The four functions of peer support that Peer for Progress has emphasized provide important structure to thinking about peer support across national lines, but, nevertheless, leave much room for attention to the kinds of needs and challenges which successful implementation in individual settings must address.
T321 870102-870245 Sentence denotes Insomnia is one of the most common complaints in the general population, and is associated with a range of adverse consequences and conditions.
T322 870246-870376 Sentence denotes In the four presentations in this symposium, we focus on various aspects of insomnia at different stages throughout the life-span.
T323 870377-870580 Sentence denotes Beginning with a longitudinal study on children with chronic illness, Dr Mari Hysing will present data on the chronicity of insomnia, as well as on behavioral and emotional correlates in this population.
T324 870581-870714 Sentence denotes Dr Paula Salo will then present data from a Finish cohort examining the effect of insomnia on a range of depression-related outcomes.
T325 870715-870904 Sentence denotes Dr Arnstein Mykletun will then present data on the association between individual and combined anxiety/depressive symptoms and insomnia, and cause specific mortality over a 3-6 year period.
T326 870905-870917 Sentence denotes Finally, Dr.
T327 870918-871017 Sentence denotes Børge Sivertsen will explore the consequences of chronic use of sleep medication among the elderly.
T328 871018-871029 Sentence denotes Background:
T329 871030-871162 Sentence denotes Children with a chronic illness have an increased rate of sleep problems and this has previously been related to emotional problems.
T330 871163-871360 Sentence denotes Less is known about what specific aspects of emotional problems that contribute to sleep problems, and if sleep can predict the development of emotional problems in children with a chronic illness.
T331 871361-871365 Sentence denotes Aim:
T332 871366-871587 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to assess the relation between sleep problems and emotional problems in general and more specifically; anxiety, perfectionism and obsessive compulsive symptoms in children with a chronic illness.
T333 871588-871697 Sentence denotes Further, we want to examine sleep problems as a predictor of emotional problems from the age of 7-9 to 11-13.
T334 871698-871706 Sentence denotes Methods:
T335 871707-871975 Sentence denotes Using data from a longitudinal total population study in Norway, The Bergen Child Study, data on sleep problems, chronic illness, emotional and behavioral problems (SDQ; Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire) and anxiety (SCARED) were assessed at ages 7-9 and 11-13.
T336 871976-871984 Sentence denotes Results:
T337 871985-872142 Sentence denotes 496 children with a chronic illness in the age group 11-13 participated in the Bergen Child study, including a 295 of 4025 (7.3%) in the longitudinal sample.
T338 872143-872259 Sentence denotes Children with a chronic illness had a higher rate of sleep problems and anxiety symptoms than their peers (p<0.001).
T339 872260-872381 Sentence denotes In children with a chronic illness sleep problems were related to anxiety symptoms both based on parent and child report.
T340 872382-872541 Sentence denotes Sleep problems were independent risk factors of later emotional problems (odd ratio=3.5), also when adjusting for emotional problems at time 1 (odd ratio=3.0).
T341 872542-872554 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T342 872555-872680 Sentence denotes Emotional problems in general and anxiety more specifically, were related to sleep problems in children with chronic illness.
T343 872681-872754 Sentence denotes Sleep problems predicted the development of emotional problems over time.
T344 872755-872878 Sentence denotes Based on the results screening for anxiety is recommended as a part of sleep assessment in children with a chronic illness.
T345 872879-872890 Sentence denotes Background:
T346 872891-873002 Sentence denotes Depression is reported to be associated with increased mortality, although underlying mechanisms are uncertain.
T347 873003-873150 Sentence denotes Increased cardiovascular (CVD) mortality and suicide is reported in depression, but the effect of depression on other causes of death is uncertain.
T348 873151-873250 Sentence denotes The few studies of anxiety or insomnia in relation to mortality have produced inconclusive Results:
T349 873251-873423 Sentence denotes Aims To investigate associations between individual and combined anxiety/ depression symptom loads (HADS) and insomnia, and cause specific mortality over a 3-6 year period.
T350 873424-873431 Sentence denotes Method:
T351 873432-873550 Sentence denotes We utilized a unique link between a large population survey (HUNT-2, n=61,349) and a comprehensive mortality database.
T352 873551-873559 Sentence denotes Results:
T353 873560-873796 Sentence denotes Case-level depression was associated with increased mortality (Hazard Ratio=1.52, 95% CI 1.35-1.72) comparable to that of smoking (Hazard Ratio=1.59, 95% CI 1.44-1.75), and which was only partly explained by somatic symptoms/conditions.
T354 873797-873865 Sentence denotes Depression increased CVD mortality as much as other causes of death.
T355 873866-873989 Sentence denotes Anxiety comorbid with depression lowered mortality compared to depression alone (anxiety by depression interaction p=.017).
T356 873990-874062 Sentence denotes The association between anxiety symptom load and mortality was U-shaped.
T357 874063-874127 Sentence denotes There was no effect of insomnia on mortality beyond confounding.
T358 874128-874140 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T359 874141-874240 Sentence denotes Depression is an important and independent risk factor for mortality across common causes of death.
T360 874241-874305 Sentence denotes Comorbid anxiety reduced mortality compared to depression alone.
T361 874306-874463 Sentence denotes The relationship between anxiety symptoms and mortality was more complex with a U-shape and highest mortality in those with the lowest anxiety symptom loads.
T362 874464-874493 Sentence denotes Declaration of interest None.
T363 874494-874504 Sentence denotes Objective:
T364 874505-874753 Sentence denotes To examine polysomnographic sleep parameters as well as the prevalence of sleep apnoea and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) in older chronic hypnotic users compared to aged-matched drug-free patients complaining of insomnia and good sleepers.
T365 874754-874762 Sentence denotes Methods:
T366 874763-874863 Sentence denotes Polysomnographic data were collected at a university-based outpatient clinic for adults and elderly.
T367 874864-875045 Sentence denotes 19 patients using sleep medications on a daily basis (5-7 days per week) for at least one year were compared with 64 drug-free patients complaining of insomnia and 26 good sleepers.
T368 875046-875079 Sentence denotes Mean age was 63.8 years (SD=7.0).
T369 875080-875286 Sentence denotes Outcome measures were polysomnographic sleep parameters (total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, slow-wave sleep), and prevalence estimates of sleep apnoea and PLMD.
T370 875287-875295 Sentence denotes Results:
T371 875296-875404 Sentence denotes The chronic hypnotic users spent more time awake and had reduced sleep efficiency compared to good sleepers.
T372 875405-875520 Sentence denotes The amount of slowwave sleep was significantly lower among chronic hypnotic users compared to the other two groups.
T373 875521-875664 Sentence denotes There were no differences between the chronic hypnotic users and drug-free patients complaining of insomnia on any of the other PSG-parameters.
T374 875665-875859 Sentence denotes The prevalence rate of sleep apnoea (AHI>10) was 42% both among the drug-free patients complaining of insomnia and chronic users of sleep medications, compared to 12% in the good sleepers group.
T375 875860-875965 Sentence denotes There were no significant group differences in the prevalence of PLMD between the three groups (37%-39%).
T1 875966-875978 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T2 875979-876121 Sentence denotes This study suggests that the sleep of chronic users of sleep medications is no better than that of drug-free patients complaining of insomnia.
T3 876122-876234 Sentence denotes It is disturbing that 42% of the patients treated pharmacologically for insomnia also suffers from sleep apnoea.
T4 876235-876337 Sentence denotes We suggest careful sleep assessment as a prerequisite for long-term prescription of sleep medications.
T5 876338-876551 Sentence denotes Four unhealthy behaviors are especially prevalent. in industrialized cultures: eating a high-fat diet, consuming few fruits and vegetables, extensive television viewing, and low moderatevigorous physical activity.
T6 876552-876686 Sentence denotes Public health guidelines advise correcting all of these unhealthy behaviors, but little guidance is available about the best approach.
T7 876687-876902 Sentence denotes To address that question, we conducted a head-to-head comparative effectiveness randomized clinical trial (n=200) of four diet and activity interventions, all of which entailed guideline-recommended behavior change.
T8 876903-877072 Sentence denotes In each condition, participants modified one diet and one activity behavior, while effects on all four behaviors were evaluated as an aggregated healthy lifestyle score.
T9 877073-877253 Sentence denotes Results indicated that the conventional intervention practice of increasing physical activity and decreasing fat intake produced the least improvement in overall healthy lifestyle.
T10 877254-877442 Sentence denotes Conversely, a novel approach suggested by behavioral economic theory (increase fruits/ vegetables and decrease recreational screen time) maximized acrossthe-board healthy lifestyle change.
T11 877443-877598 Sentence denotes To fulfill its full potential, however, comparative effectiveness research needs to extend beyond determining only what works best for the average patient.
T12 877599-877837 Sentence denotes In the present study, for example, traditional dieting (decrease fat, increase physical activity) minimized overall healthy lifestyle change for females but maximized it for males, suggesting that gender-tailored guidance might be needed.
T13 877838-877951 Sentence denotes Comparative effectiveness research holds potential to undergird personalized, evidence-based behavioral medicine.
T14 877952-878139 Sentence denotes The aim is for intervention decisions to be guided by evidence that conveys what works best for particular types of individuals or communities and in different settings and circumstances.
T15 878140-878192 Sentence denotes Depression is a very common and disabling condition.
T16 878193-878410 Sentence denotes Prevalence rates of major depressive disorder (MDD) have been estimated to be a high as 25%, with point prevalence rates estimated at up to 45% for patients with minor depression (mDD) or elevated depressive symptoms.
T17 878411-878561 Sentence denotes Moreover, depression in cardiac patients has been associated with greater than a 2-fold increase in risk for adverse clinical events, including death.
T18 878562-878694 Sentence denotes Although effective treatments for depression are available, the optimal ways to manage depression in cardiac patients are not known.
T19 878695-878855 Sentence denotes This presentation will briefly review the prior randomized clinical trials for treating depression using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy.
T20 878856-879022 Sentence denotes Recent studies of exercise in treating depression also will be reviewed, and data examining the comparative efficacy of exercise, medication and CBT will be examined.
T21 879023-879218 Sentence denotes The added physical and mental health benefits of exercise training in treating depression in cardiac patients will be highlighted and directions for future research in the area will be discussed.
T22 879219-879279 Sentence denotes Older people are the least active segment of the population.
T23 879280-879396 Sentence denotes This contributes to their high level of disease (including cardiovascular disease), disability and healthcare usage.
T24 879397-879486 Sentence denotes Practical and effective interventions are needed to increase activity in this population.
T25 879487-879759 Sentence denotes A brief behavioural change intervention consisting of goal setting, planning, self monitoring delivered with or without a pedometer was compared with no treatment in a 3 arm prospective study of 204 sedentary community dwelling women aged ≥70 years (average age 77 years).
T26 879760-879892 Sentence denotes The primary outcome was daily activity counts assessed by accelerometer over 7 days prior to treatment, at 3 months and at 6 months.
T27 879893-880004 Sentence denotes Secondary outcomes included lower limb function, health related quality of life, anxiety, depression and falls.
T28 880005-880104 Sentence denotes 179 women completed the trial with most dropouts from the behaviour change alone condition (15/68).
T29 880105-880229 Sentence denotes Over the first 3 months activity increased reliably more in the intervention groups than the control (which did not change).
T30 880230-880303 Sentence denotes Pedometers did not add to the effects of the behaviour change techniques.
T31 880304-880374 Sentence denotes The increase in activity was not maintained at the 6 month assessment.
T32 880375-880436 Sentence denotes The secondary outcomes were not affected by the intervention.
T33 880437-880564 Sentence denotes The psychological and behavioural processes mediating the change in activity, and the failure to sustain it, will be discussed.
T34 880565-880681 Sentence denotes Heart failure (HF) affects millions of individuals and is increasing in prevalence each year as the population ages.
T35 880682-880858 Sentence denotes Approximately one third of HF patients experience clinical depression symptoms, which are further associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular hospitalization and mortality.
T36 880859-881009 Sentence denotes However, depression treatments such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) do not decrease morbidity/mortality in patients with coronary heart disease.
T37 881010-881196 Sentence denotes This is not surprising since recent evidence suggests somatic but not cognitive/affective depressive symptoms have a greater association with cardiovascular-related mortality and events.
T38 881197-881383 Sentence denotes Somatic symptoms such as fatigue and sleep disturbances are common among HF patients that may lead to physical inactivity and create a spiraling decline in physical and cardiac function.
T39 881384-881497 Sentence denotes Indeed, physical inactivity is associated with reduced quality of life and greater morbidity and mortality in HF.
T40 881498-881595 Sentence denotes Meanwhile, Tai Chi practice is observed to increase vigor, and reduce tension, anger and fatigue.
T41 881596-881655 Sentence denotes Tai Chi emphasizes a holistic approach, both mind and body.
T42 881656-881844 Sentence denotes It is a meditative exercise originating from China, and with its moderate intensity and relative ease of performance it is well-suited even for those with significant physical impairments.
T43 881845-882051 Sentence denotes The present study consists of HF patients (n=29 completers; 43-83 years old; mean age=72.9, SD=5.1) that had Tai chi training (n=19) twice per week for 12 weeks or were in a waitlist control group (n = 10).
T44 882052-882300 Sentence denotes At baseline and after the 12-week intervention period, patients completed the Beck Depression Index (BDI), subcategorized into somatic (BDI-s) and cognitive (BDI-c) symptoms, and the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory -Short Form (MFSI-SF).
T45 882301-882410 Sentence denotes All subjects also were measured pre-and post-intervention period for physical function, in a 6-min walk task.
T46 882411-882559 Sentence denotes Compared to controls, HF patients in the Tai Qigong is a traditional Chinese energy medicine practice combining breathing, movement, and meditation.
T47 882560-882638 Sentence denotes Qigong therapy is becoming a popular adjunctive treatment for type 2 diabetes.
T48 882639-882821 Sentence denotes Previous studies have suggested benefits of Qigong practice for this disease; however, its effectiveness has never been rigorously evaluated in adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
T49 882822-883000 Sentence denotes We conducted a randomized, controlled 3-arm clinical trial in comparing 12weeks of Qigong, Progressive Resistance Training (PRT), or usual care in 32 adults with type 2 diabetes.
T50 883001-883208 Sentence denotes Outcome measures included fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, insulin, C-peptide, BMI, HOMA-IR, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Beck's depression Index (BDI) before, during and at the end of the interventions.
T51 883209-883285 Sentence denotes We found that body weight increased in the usual care group, but S272 Int.J.
T52 883286-883292 Sentence denotes Behav.
T53 883293-883365 Sentence denotes Med. (2010) 17(Suppl 1):S1-S329 decreased in both Qigong and PRT groups.
T54 883366-883569 Sentence denotes Additionally, the Qigong group showed significant reductions in fasting glucose (P=0.003) and PSS (P=0.045) and also demonstrated trends for improved insulin resistance, as measured by the HOMA-IR Index.
T55 883570-883759 Sentence denotes In contrast, the PRT group showed a significant reduction in depression scores with an increase in fasting glucose and insulin resistance, which also increased in the usual care group (NS).
T56 883760-883865 Sentence denotes In this presentation, I will discuss three key themes in conducting comparative efficacy clinical trials:
T57 883866-884071 Sentence denotes 1) understanding the different schools of Qigong; 2) choosing the best control group for Qigong intervention; and 3) choosing an appropriate patient population with type 2 diabetes for Qigong intervention.
T58 884072-884149 Sentence denotes Complementary therapies are popular and frequently used by patients with CVD.
T59 884150-884240 Sentence denotes Survey data indicate that herbal therapies and mind-body therapies are most commonly used.
T60 884241-884277 Sentence denotes One such treatment option is qigong.
T61 884278-884391 Sentence denotes Several reviews have claimed that qigong has therapeutic effects on blood pressure in patients with hypertension.
T62 884392-884461 Sentence denotes However, these reviews are non-systematic and therefore open to bias.
T63 884462-884536 Sentence denotes To systematically assess the clinical evidence of qigong for hypertension.
T64 884537-884581 Sentence denotes Databases were searched up to December 2009.
T65 884582-884731 Sentence denotes All randomized clinical trials testing qigong in patients with hypertension of any origin and assessing clinically relevant outcomes were considered.
T66 884732-884792 Sentence denotes Trials using any type of control intervention were included.
T67 884793-884913 Sentence denotes The selection of studies, data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by at least two reviewers.
T68 884914-884973 Sentence denotes Methodological quality was evaluated using the Jadad score.
T69 884974-885000 Sentence denotes 12 RCTs could be included.
T70 885001-885121 Sentence denotes Seven of these RCTs tested qigong in combination with antihypertensive drugs compared with antihypertensive drugs alone.
T71 885122-885396 Sentence denotes The meta-analysis of four trials reporting adequate data suggested beneficial effects in favour of qigong (weighted mean difference, systolic blood pressure (mmHg) -12.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) -17.12 to -7.00; diastolic blood pressure -8.46, 95% CI -12.55 to -4.37).
T72 885397-885587 Sentence denotes Qigong alone was compared with waiting list control in 2 RCTs and was found to significantly reduce systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference (mmHg) -18.46, 95% CI -23.07 to -13.86).
T73 885588-885894 Sentence denotes In further three RCTs comparisons made were: qigong combined with antihypertensive drugs versus muscle relaxation combined with antihypertensive drugs; qigong as a sole treatment versus exercise and/or antihypertensive drugs, all reported positive results in at least some of the relevant outcome measures.
T74 885895-885954 Sentence denotes The methodological quality of the original studies was low.
T75 885955-886063 Sentence denotes There is some encouraging evidence to suggest that qigong is effective for lowering systolic blood pressure.
T76 886064-886121 Sentence denotes However, the conclusiveness of these findings is limited.
T77 886122-886189 Sentence denotes Rigorously designed trials seem warranted to confirm these results.
T78 886190-886412 Sentence denotes After-school activities provide valuable opportunities for health promotion activities that do not interfere with the regular school day, especially in minority populations with higher rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
T79 886413-886595 Sentence denotes The current study is an evaluation of an after-school health education and physical activity program conducted in 8 elementary schools along the U.S.-Mexico border in El Paso, Texas.
T80 886596-886795 Sentence denotes The intervention was a 10-12 week (twice a week) after-school program including a pilot (with 2 experimental schools) and main intervention (6 schools each including control and experimental groups).
T81 886796-887032 Sentence denotes Each session consisted of health education taught by a Community Health Worker, based on the bilingual BienEstar ('Well-Being') curriculum, and physical activity based on the Coordinated Approach to Children's Health (CATCH) curriculum.
T82 887033-887141 Sentence denotes Main outcome variables were Body Mass Index (BMI), aerobic capacity health knowledge and healthy intentions.
T83 887142-887245 Sentence denotes Participants (n=1,103) were predominantly socio-economically disadvantaged Hispanic 3rd to 5th graders.
T84 887246-887317 Sentence denotes At baseline, 21.6% of children were overweight and another 25.6% obese.
T85 887318-887411 Sentence denotes The intervention was successful in recruitment, implementation and retention of participants.
T86 887412-887501 Sentence denotes The pilot study (n=172) found a significant BMI reduction and increased aerobic capacity.
T87 887502-887666 Sentence denotes In the main intervention, experimental group participants (n=323) reduced their BMI, but this reduction was not significantly larger than the control group (n=608).
T88 887667-887823 Sentence denotes Intervention group participants significantly increased their healthy nutrition intentions compared to control group participants, but not health knowledge.
T89 887824-887943 Sentence denotes While the findings in regards to changes in health indicators were modest, all findings were in the expected direction.
T90 887944-888199 Sentence denotes The current project provides evidence for a strong need and desire to participate in projects that are accessible and address primary prevention of chronic diseases within a population that has a high prevalence of risk factors and limited access to care.
T91 888200-888213 Sentence denotes ( Background:
T92 888214-888420 Sentence denotes Maternal employment has been shown to influence various child/adolescent outcomes such as cognitive outcomes, educational achievement, behavioural problems, overweight, selfrated health or child fatalities.
T93 888421-888566 Sentence denotes There is, however, only limited number of studies using UK longitudinal data, and limited number of data using health measures as study outcomes.
T94 888567-888785 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to cover these gaps by looking at influence of maternal employment in three periods of childhood on health outcomes among young people aged 16-21 years in British Household Panel Survey (BHPS).
T95 888786-888891 Sentence denotes Methods: BHPS is annual panel survey that has started in 1991 with currently completed 17th wave of data.
T96 888892-888984 Sentence denotes Response rate to wave 1 was 74%, and response between waves 2 and 17 varied between 84%-89%.
T97 888985-889148 Sentence denotes There are 3,696 individuals for whom selfrated health and/or GHQ-12 at age 16-21 (study outcomes) and maternal employment data prior to age 16 years are available.
T98 889149-889318 Sentence denotes Other variables, such as gender, maternal age, maternal education and marital status, household income or maternal smoking were used as additional explanatory variables.
T99 889319-889436 Sentence denotes Regression modeling in STATA 10 was used to estimate the associations between study outcomes and maternal employment.
T100 889437-889445 Sentence denotes Results:
T101 889446-889535 Sentence denotes 19% of young adults aged 16-21 reported poor self-rated health, and mean GHQ-12 was 10.1.
T102 889536-889616 Sentence denotes Approximately 40% of mothers worked at some point during age 0-4 of their child.
T103 889617-889683 Sentence denotes This proportion increased to 59% at age 5-11 and 68% at age 12-16.
T104 889684-889899 Sentence denotes Children of mothers who were not employed reported OR of poor SRH 1.48, 1.11 and 1.28 for 3 periods of exposure, however these effects were mostly explained when adjusted for maternal education and household income.
T105 889900-890005 Sentence denotes The differences in GHQ-12 by maternal employment were similarly reduced by indicators of social position.
T106 890006-890018 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T107 890019-890240 Sentence denotes The associations between maternal employment in childhood and young adults' health exist at least partly because of the generally higher social position and more stable family structure of households with working mothers.
T108 890241-890437 Sentence denotes The design of invitation and reminder letters to screen for cancer has been influenced by studies comparing the psychological and attitudinal differences between participants and non-participants.
T109 890438-890604 Sentence denotes Participation in cancer screening has been thought to follow the continuum of resistance model, which assumes the same factors influence early and late participation.
T110 890605-890745 Sentence denotes This study investigated the validity of the continuum of resistance model for explaining participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening.
T111 890746-890980 Sentence denotes People aged 50 to 74 years, recruited from the electoral roll who had completed a baseline survey and were in the early stages of readiness to screen (n =376) were subsequently invited to complete a faecal occult blood screening test.
T112 890981-891131 Sentence denotes Multivariate analyses examined the predictors of early participation (kit returned in weeks 1-6) and late participation (kit returned in weeks 7 -12).
T113 891132-891213 Sentence denotes Results confirmed that different factors influenced early and late participation.
T114 891214-891388 Sentence denotes Early participation was associated with employment status and barriers to screening, with retired people more likely to screen early than employed people (relative risk RR=1.
T115 891389-891446 Sentence denotes Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem.
T116 891447-891573 Sentence denotes It is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous cancer in Australia, and the second most common cause of cancer related death.
T117 891574-891714 Sentence denotes The Australian government has introduced mass population screening by faecal occult blood test (FOBT) to reduce CRC incidence and mortality.
T118 891715-891774 Sentence denotes However, participation in this program has been suboptimal.
T119 891775-891922 Sentence denotes Research shows that cancer decision aids increase knowledge about the benefit associated with screening and decrease levels of decisional conflict.
T120 891923-892033 Sentence denotes This subsequently leads to better behavioural outcomes including participation in cancer screening programmes.
T121 892034-892149 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study then, was to investigate the utility of an internet delivered CRC decisional support aid.
T122 892150-892470 Sentence denotes Specific aims were to examine (1) whether changes in knowledge and attitudes after exposure to the PDS were moderated by the perceived usability and acceptability of the tool, and (2) test the degree to which perceived usability was dependent on "technophobia" as measured by computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy.
T123 892471-892610 Sentence denotes Little is known about how breast cancer and beliefs about mammography relate to psychological distress assessed at the time of mammography.
T124 892611-892786 Sentence denotes This study examined perceived breast cancer risk and perceived benefits and barriers to mammography in breast cancer survivors (N=64) and women with no cancer history (N =70).
T125 892787-892922 Sentence denotes A key goal of this study was to examine associations between perceived risk and anxiety, depression, and mammography specific distress.
T126 892923-893123 Sentence denotes In the breast imaging clinic and immediately prior to undergoing mammography, breast cancer survivors rated their perceived risk of breast cancer recurrence (M=14, SD=6) and beliefs about mammography.
T127 893124-893222 Sentence denotes Women with no cancer history rated their perceived risk of developing breast cancer (M =12, SD=6).
T128 893223-893381 Sentence denotes Breast cancer survivors reported higher perceived risk (p=.05) and lower perceived benefits of mammography (p = .01) compared to women with no cancer history.
T129 893382-893430 Sentence denotes Perceived barriers did not differ across groups.
T130 893431-893543 Sentence denotes Immediately prior to mammography, women also rated their mammography specific distress, anxiety, and depression.
T131 893544-893690 Sentence denotes Levels of anxiety and depression did not differ across groups, but breast cancer survivors reported higher mammography specific distress (p<.001).
T132 893691-893937 Sentence denotes Multiple linear regression analyses showed that anxiety and mammography specific distress were positively associated with perceived risk in breast cancer survivors, but these associations were not found in women with no cancer history Background:
T133 893938-894176 Sentence denotes Although we have some knowledge on general practitioners' (GP) practices on sick-listing in general, there is scarce knowledge about how they make their assessments especially in the most complex cases of medically unexplained conditions.
T134 894177-894182 Sentence denotes Aims:
T135 894183-894341 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to explore on considerations made by GPs when dealing with sick-listing of patients suffering from medically unexplained conditions.
T136 894342-894364 Sentence denotes Materials and Methods:
T137 894365-894444 Sentence denotes Data were drawn from focus-group interviews with 48 general practitioners (GP).
T138 894445-894520 Sentence denotes The GPs were recruited as they participated on a course in Social Medicine.
T139 894521-894613 Sentence denotes We established groups with variation regarding age, gender, nationality and work experience.
T140 894614-894724 Sentence denotes Seventeen women and 31 men (15 with other nationalities) aged 32-65 accepted to participate in the interviews.
T141 894725-894787 Sentence denotes The doctors had worked in general practice from 1 to 34 years.
T142 894788-894796 Sentence denotes Results:
T143 894797-894908 Sentence denotes Sick-listing patients with medically unexplained disorders was regarded as a very challenging task by many GPs.
T144 894909-895044 Sentence denotes Trust in the patient's own story and his self-judgement is deemed crucial, but many miss hard evidence of illness and loss of function.
T145 895045-895137 Sentence denotes Several factors which may influence the decision making regarding sickleave were identified:
T146 895138-895352 Sentence denotes To which extent the patient manage to present his story, extensive prior knowledge of the patient, but also properties within the doctor himself: own experience as a patient, tendency to avoid conflicts and others.
T147 895353-895524 Sentence denotes Strategies in dealing with sick-listing would be to initially comply with the patient's request in order to build alliance and then start to motivate for a return to work.
T148 895525-895711 Sentence denotes Confrontation when they disagreed strongly on a sick note was another strategy mentioned, but at the same time risking that the patient would leave them for a more cooperative colleague.
T149 895712-895834 Sentence denotes Many judged themselves as having no real power in the decisionmaking concerning sick-listing, evoking frustration in some.
T150 895835-895952 Sentence denotes The LSMS data is used to estimate health and consumption spending as well as examine certain health access variables.
T151 895953-896063 Sentence denotes We assessed health-related impacts on household poverty using the methodology of van Doorslaer et al. (2006) .
T152 896064-896286 Sentence denotes Similarly, we constructed estimates of the proportion of the Guatemalan population incurring catastrophic levels of health expenditures to assess the financial risk of ill health using the methodology of Xu et al. (2003) .
T153 896287-896491 Sentence denotes We defined catastrophic health spending (on both inpatient and outpatient) as a level of health spending that exceeds 40% of a household's ability to pay, although other thresholds are obviously possible.
T154 896492-896500 Sentence denotes Results:
T155 896501-896608 Sentence denotes There is both a high level and inequitable distribution of financial burden due to ill health in Guatemala.
T156 896609-896970 Sentence denotes This is primarily due to low levels of insurance coverage and a heavy concentration of the uninsured among the less well off and rural populations as well as poor quality and low levels of access to public services for the poor, stagnant or declining government spending on health and increasing privatization that likely has resulted in rising treatment costs.
T157 896971-896983 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T158 896984-897111 Sentence denotes High levels of catastrophic health spending and poverty co-exist with significant economic inequality and poverty in Guatemala.
T159 897112-897361 Sentence denotes With health system characteristics and an economic structure similar to many other developing countries, international experience provides useful lessons to help Guatemala devise innovative financing and payment mechanisms to address these concerns.
T160 897362-897544 Sentence denotes The aim of this research is to demonstrate why in global governance Pareto principle from an economic perspective and liberty principle from a political perspective are incompatible.
T161 897545-897658 Sentence denotes Impossibility Theorem is applied to analyze the international relations among players with different preferences.
T162 897659-897817 Sentence denotes The theoretical proposition of incompatibility is followed by the example of conditional foreign aid, with distinction of indirect liberty and direct control.
T163 897818-898012 Sentence denotes Two rival hypotheses, global Pareto condition and national liberty condition, are tested in the empirical evaluation of the foreign aid conditional on the Washington Consensus from 1989 to 1999.
T164 898013-898216 Sentence denotes First, small-N design is to compare the pre-treatment and post-treatment situations in 3 representative countries, as the non-complier, partial-complier and complete-complier of the Washington Consensus.
T165 898217-898579 Sentence denotes Second, large-N regressions are to estimate the effect of foreign aid on social developments measured by health outcomes: (1) foreign aid without controlling for the adoption level of the Washington Consensus, which reflects in liberty principle; (2) foreign aid after controlling for the adoption of the Washington Consensus, which reflects in Pareto principle.
T166 898580-898877 Sentence denotes Furthermore, responding to the criticism of "what causes what" in the relationship of underdevelopment and foreign aid, oil price and oil reserve are introduced as instrumental variable (IV) into the model to isolate the causation of foreign aid on social developments, especially health outcomes.
T167 898878-899089 Sentence denotes Finally, the concept of overlapping consensus from John Rawls is incorporated to interpret why partial-compliers are better off than both non-compliers and complete-compliers given conditionality of foreign aid.
T168 899090-899432 Sentence denotes The strategy is to not only work within the domain of the impossibility theorem with empirical evidences but also step out to examine the assumptions that constrain the outcome through the inspiration of overlapping consensus. [Objectives] Depression is a heterogeneous heritable psychological trait, also influenced by environmental factors.
T169 899433-899598 Sentence denotes Previous studies have found the associations between major depression and gene polymorphisms such as serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR).
T170 899599-899809 Sentence denotes Since fatty acid (FA) metabolism appear to contribute to the pathoaetiology of affective disorders, we examined the associations between depressive symptoms and genetic variation in FA metabolism-related genes.
T171 899810-899912 Sentence denotes [Methods] A cross-sectional study was conducted on 166 female workers of a hospital and nursing homes.
T172 899913-900088 Sentence denotes Depressive symptoms and subjective psychological stress were assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale and visual analogue scale, respectively.
T173 900089-900181 Sentence denotes Selected gene polymorphisms associated with FA metabolism as well as 5-HTTLPR were analysed.
T174 900182-900565 Sentence denotes [Results] Linear regression analysis was performed in which CES-D scores served as a dependent variable, and subjective stress and gene polymorphisms as independent variables: consequently, SS carriers of the 5-HTTLPR gene showed significant higher depressive symptoms in comparison with LL/SL carriers, even after controlling for confounders (F=27.6, standardized beta=2.2, p<0.05).
T175 900566-900681 Sentence denotes Regression analysis also confirmed some other gene polymorphisms significantly associated with depressive symptoms.
T176 900682-900801 Sentence denotes [Conclusion] Some gene polymorphisms associated with FA metabolism may affect depressive symptoms as the 5-HTTLPR does.
T177 900802-900893 Sentence denotes Due to considerable heterogeneity (Q=131,10; p<0.0001), a random effects model was applied.
T178 900894-901289 Sentence denotes The overall effect size found for the association between depression and IVF-outcome was statistically significant, with a higher number of depressive symptoms being associated with reduced pregnancy chances (ESr=−0,06, failsafe N=114, p<0.05 Growing evidence shows that that elevated stress during pregnancy may increase the risk of preterm delivery and other pregnancy and birth complications.
T179 901290-901576 Sentence denotes Neuroendocrine, immune, inflammatory, and cardiovascular factors have been suggested as possible mediators of the relationship between stress and birth outcomes, and recent data suggest that stress-related changes in cytokine production and inflammation may contribute to these effects.
T180 901577-901783 Sentence denotes Work in our laboratory has focused on quantifying the effects of perceived stress and social support on pregnancy outcome and the degree to which neural-immune interactions may be involved in these effects.
T181 901784-902016 Sentence denotes Initial work in the lab focused on establishing connections between maternal prenatal stress and low social support and alterations in cytokine balance in the circulation and cytokine production by stimulated peripheral lymphocytes.
T182 902017-902307 Sentence denotes This work indicated that indeed, elevated stress and lower social support was related to increases in circulating inflammatory mediators, reduction in anti-inflammatory cytokines, and similar changes in the production of cytokines in vitro by mitogenstimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes.
T183 902308-902697 Sentence denotes Additional studies began to connect these findings to the likelihood of premature delivery and other complications of pregnancy, and have started to demonstrate that indeed, increased stress and distress early in pregnancy is related not only to elevations in inflammatory mediators in the prenatal period, but is also associated with higher frequency of pregnancy and birth complications.
T184 902698-902881 Sentence denotes Most recently, our work has focused on the role of maternal ethnicity and acculturation in the impact of stress on pregnancy, and on the role of catecholamines in these relationships.
T185 902882-903095 Sentence denotes Elevated proinflammatory cytokines were lower levels of support and higher stress throughout pregnancy, and higher social support was associated with higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines late in pregnancy.
T186 903096-903384 Sentence denotes Moreover, elevated inflammatory markers were related to higher pregnancy-specific distress early in gestation, as well as lower 1-minute APGAR scores, lower gestational age at birth, and increased occurrence of birth complications including meconium aspiration, nuchal cord, and asphyxia.
T187 903385-903659 Sentence denotes Together, these studies indicate that psychosocial factors are related to increases in inflammatory mediators and subsequently, increased risk of pregnancy complications and untoward birth outcomes. , and African American (AA) (n=1521) females in grades 9 -12 were examined.
T188 903660-904248 Sentence denotes FSI history was assessed by asking the following yes/no question: "Have you ever been physically forced to have sexual intercourse when you did not want to?" The outcome variable, suicidality, was measured by a single yes/no item: "During the past 12 months, did you ever seriously consider attempting suicide?" Alcohol use, was assessed by asking, "During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have 1 or more drinks of alcohol?" Responses were dichotomized as "yes/no" to having one or more drinks of alcohol on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. , and a range of other covariates.
T189 904249-904338 Sentence denotes 4 domains of change were coded into three categories: good change, no change, bad change.
T190 904339-904451 Sentence denotes The analyses were then conducted for single domains and for a sum score indicating the overall rating of change.
T191 904452-904726 Sentence denotes The CAGE questionnaire score, the score of drinking-related problems and mean annual intake of alcohol were used as the outcomes, and regression modelling was used to analyze the association between the exposures and the outcomes taking range of covariates into the account.
T192 904727-904778 Sentence denotes The analysis was done separately for men and women.
T193 904779-904787 Sentence denotes Results:
T194 904788-905104 Sentence denotes After controlling for age, sex and range of possible confounding variables, the persons who rated the changes as negative have more alcohol-related problems and alcohol abuse (odds ratios of a high CAGE score 1.30 for men and 1.76 for women for those reporting negative change compared to those reporting no change).
T195 905105-905294 Sentence denotes The amount of consumed alcohol is significantly higher among the "winners" (those who rate the changes as good), followed by loosers with those rating changes as neutral drinking the least.
T196 905295-905307 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T197 905308-905539 Sentence denotes While the alcohol-related problems and alcohol abuse are more likely among those who perceive the social and economic changes as negative, the amount of consumed alcohol is significantly higher among the "winners" of social change.
T198 905540-905750 Sentence denotes There was a large reduction in the price of alcohol in 2004 in Finland due to a reduction in alcohol taxes by one-third, on the average, and due to the abolition of travellers' duty free allowances from the EU.
T199 905751-905934 Sentence denotes The present study investigated the effects of this reduction in alcohol prices on alcohol-related and all-cause mortality, alcohol-related hospitalisation, and interpersonal violence.
T200 905935-906014 Sentence denotes This study used several population-based register data and statistical Methods:
T201 906015-906179 Sentence denotes Time series intervention analysis modelling was applied to monthly aggregations of deaths and hospitalisation in 1996-2006 for men and women aged 15 years and over.
T202 906180-906310 Sentence denotes Socioeconomic differentials in alcohol-related mortality and interpersonal violence data were analysed with a before/after design.
T203 906311-906419 Sentence denotes Alcohol-related mortality was defined using information on both underlying and contributory causes of death.
T204 906420-906529 Sentence denotes Hospitalisation related to alcohol was defined as those with a reference to alcohol in the primary diagnosis.
T205 906530-906734 Sentence denotes The results of this study indicated that alcohol-related deaths increased substantially among persons aged 50-69 years after the price reduction when trends and seasonal variation were taken into account.
T206 906735-906781 Sentence denotes The increase was mainly due to liver diseases.
T207 906782-906951 Sentence denotes In contrast to alcohol-related mortality, mortality due to cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality decreased considerably among men and women aged over 69 years.
T208 906952-907126 Sentence denotes Among persons aged 30-59 years, the increase in absolute terms was largest among the unemployed or early-age pensioners and those with low education, social class, or income.
T209 907127-907230 Sentence denotes The employed and persons aged below the age 35 did not suffer from increased alcohol-related mortality.
T210 907231-907387 Sentence denotes Alcohol-related hospitalisation rates in both chronic and acute causes for men increased among those below the age 70, and for women in the 50-69 year-olds.
T211 907388-907467 Sentence denotes The increase was mainly due to mental and behavioural disorders due to alcohol.
T212 907468-907521 Sentence denotes The rates in interpersonal violence did not increase.
T213 907522-907656 Sentence denotes These findings suggest that reduction in alcohol prices may lead to a substantial increase in alcohol-related mortality and morbidity.
T214 907657-907715 Sentence denotes However, large population group differences were observed.
T215 907716-907829 Sentence denotes Those in the older age groups may even benefit from cheaper alcohol in terms of decreased rates of CVD mortality.
T216 907830-907918 Sentence denotes Moreover, reductions in alcohol prices do not necessarily affect interpersonal violence.
T217 907919-908145 Sentence denotes The population group differences in the effects of price changes should be acknowledged, and therefore, the actions of policy should be focused on the population subgroups which are primarily responsive to the price reduction.
T218 908146-908156 Sentence denotes Objective:
T219 908157-908390 Sentence denotes To determine the effect of adherence within and after an exercise therapy treatment period on patients' outcome on pain, physical function and patient self-perceived effect in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and/or knee.
T220 908391-908399 Sentence denotes Methods:
T221 908400-908509 Sentence denotes One hundred fifty patients with OA of the hip and/or knee receiving exercise therapy were followed 60 months.
T222 908510-908626 Sentence denotes Data were obtained from a randomized controlled trial, with assessments at baseline, 3, 15, and 60 months follow-up.
T223 908627-908848 Sentence denotes Exercise adherence was defined as the extent to which a person's behaviordoing home exercises, home activities and being more physically active -corresponds with agreed recommendations by the patient's physical therapist.
T224 908849-909033 Sentence denotes The association between exercise adherence and patients' outcome on pain, physical function and selfperceived effect was examined using generalized estimating equations (GEE) analyses.
T225 909034-909042 Sentence denotes Results:
T226 909043-909264 Sentence denotes Adherence to recommended home exercises and being more physically active was significantly associated with better treatment outcome on pain, self-reported physical function, physical performance and self-perceived effect.
T227 909265-909336 Sentence denotes The association between adherence and outcome was consistent over time.
T228 909337-909420 Sentence denotes Adherence to home activities was only associated with better self-perceived effeCT.
T229 909421-909432 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T230 909433-909632 Sentence denotes Better adherence to recommended home exercises as well as being more physically active improves the long-term effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and/or knee.
T231 909633-909791 Sentence denotes Both within and after the treatment period better adherence is associated with better patients' outcome on pain, physical function, and self-perceived effect.
T232 909792-909941 Sentence denotes Since exercise adherence declines over time, future research should focus on how exercise behavior can be stimulated and maintained in the long-term.
T233 909942-910062 Sentence denotes Persistent unexplained pain in the face and surrounding tissues are common presentations to dental and medical services.
T234 910063-910207 Sentence denotes Routine dental treatment of chronic oro-facial pain (OFP) primarily involves using splints to correct malocclusion or teeth-clenching/ grinding.
T235 910208-910257 Sentence denotes However this mechanistic approach is ineffective.
T236 910258-910338 Sentence denotes Moreover, such treatments can result in physical and psychological iatrogenesis.
T237 910339-910507 Sentence denotes In contrast, a growing evidence-base recognises the effectiveness of psychological interventions for OFP, suggesting a role for psychological services within dentistry.
T238 910508-910660 Sentence denotes In order to translate research into practice, further understanding is needed of patients' and physicians' current experience of OFP and its management.
T239 910661-910858 Sentence denotes Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 25 patients and 35 clinicians (comprising medical and dental practitioners from a range of primary and secondary care services).
T240 910859-911039 Sentence denotes Audiotaped interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically using principles of constant comparison to categorise emergent and recurring themes within and between transcripts.
T241 911040-911185 Sentence denotes Thematic categories arising in initial interviews were explored subsequently and disconfirmatory evidence sought until thematic saturation arose.
T242 911186-911243 Sentence denotes Similar themes emerged from both patients and physicians.
T243 911244-911469 Sentence denotes Whilst both sets of participants recognised the role that psychological factors could play in the development and maintenance of OFP, management and self-management strategies were largely limited to biomedical interventions.
T244 911470-911543 Sentence denotes Achieving a diagnosis proved problematic but functional for both parties.
T245 911544-911685 Sentence denotes Frustration at the current inadequacy of OFP management often led to conflict with (or disengagement from) the clinicianpatient relationship.
T246 911686-911813 Sentence denotes Current management of OFP is ineffective and unsatisfactory for both patients and clinicians and impacts on their relationship.
T247 911814-911991 Sentence denotes A key barrier to implementing psychological interventions for OFP is the ineffective communication between physicians and patients, and between medical and dental practitioners.
T248 911992-912003 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T249 912004-912196 Sentence denotes Reaching the rehabilitation goals the doctor and the patient have agreed on appears to be important, and there is presumed to be a correlation between goal attainment and patient satisfaction.
T250 912197-912386 Sentence denotes The main goal of the study was the detailed assessment of patient satisfaction and the investigation of the correlation between patient satisfaction and the setting and attainment of goals.
T251 912387-912395 Sentence denotes Methods:
T252 912396-912556 Sentence denotes The cross-sectional questionnaire-based assessment was performed anonymously by 276 patients in psychosomatic rehabilitation at the end of their inpatient stay.
T253 912557-912783 Sentence denotes In this way patient satisfaction, sociodemographic, disease-related and outcome parameters as well as rehabilitation goals at the beginning of rehabilitation and their attainment at the end were assessed in a standardized way.
T254 912784-912792 Sentence denotes Results:
T255 912793-912879 Sentence denotes The primary goals set by patients were related to symptom reduction and stress coping.
T256 912880-913042 Sentence denotes Goal attainment scales based on factor analysis showed a high degree of goal attainment with respect to "life style and priorities" and "psychotherapeutic goals".
T257 913043-913245 Sentence denotes Patient satisfaction correlated most significantly with the goal attainment level at the end of rehabilitation (r=.62), followed closely by the subscale "attainment of psychotherapeutic goals" (r =.57).
T258 913246-913508 Sentence denotes With regards to the number of attained or non-attained goals it was found, that both had a significant relationship with patient satisfaction, but the non-attaining of goals (r=−.55) was more closely related with patient satisfaction than the attainment (r=.40).
T259 913509-913520 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T260 913521-913612 Sentence denotes The results confirm the central role of goal setting and goal attainment in rehabilitation.
T261 913613-913757 Sentence denotes The explicit consideration of goal setting in the rehabilitation process as well as the assessment of goal attainment appears to be unavoidable.
T262 913758-913929 Sentence denotes Evidence-based practice (EBP) can be defined as accountable health care policy that conscientiously funds those interventions whose effectiveness is supported by research.
T263 913930-914075 Sentence denotes As applied to particular individuals, communities or populations, EBP uses best available evidence to make decisions about how to promote health.
T264 914076-914132 Sentence denotes The EBP process integrates three domains of information:
T265 914133-914242 Sentence denotes (1) best available evidence; (2) client characteristics, including values and preferences; and (3) resources.
T266 914243-914371 Sentence denotes The process proceeds through a step sequence that includes appraising the quality and contextual relevance of research evidence.
T267 914372-914547 Sentence denotes As the major health professions have embraced evidence-based practice globally, practice and policy guidelines have increasingly become based upon systematic evidence reviews.
T268 914548-914681 Sentence denotes Dissemination of systematic evidence reviews has become a worldwide enterprise supported by the Cochrane and Campbell Collaborations.
T269 914682-914874 Sentence denotes However, a number of challenges surround the uptake of evidencebased practices, especially when interventions are introduced into cultures very different than those from which they originated.
T270 914875-915096 Sentence denotes After Bonnie Spring introduces the topic, speakers will present lessons learned when implementing globally in diverse real-world settings behavioral medicine interventions that were validated in an Anglo-European context.
T271 915097-915217 Sentence denotes Ross Brownson will discuss findings derived from introducing public health physical activity campaigns in South America.
T272 915218-915347 Sentence denotes Geoffrey Setswe will discuss implications for intervention of social aspects of HIV/AIDS and health across the African continent.
T273 915348-915489 Sentence denotes Brian Oldenburg will share observations based on the spread of diabetes interventions between different countries, cultures, and populations.
T274 915490-915660 Sentence denotes Discussant, Stephen Weiss will synopsize lessons learned about the process of engaging in evidence-based practice when the relevance of the available research is unclear.
T275 915661-915698 Sentence denotes Presenters will address three issues:
T276 915699-915793 Sentence denotes 1) How can an evidence-based intervention best be tailored to a local individual or community?
T277 915794-915946 Sentence denotes 2) How should an investigator evaluate both the adequacy of contextualization and the success with which active intervention ingredients were preserved?
T278 915947-916054 Sentence denotes 3) What does treatment fidelity mean when interventions are to be implemented in diverse cultural contexts?
T279 916055-916068 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T280 916069-916150 Sentence denotes Many HIV prevention interventions have been tested for efficacy or effectiveness.
T281 916151-916340 Sentence denotes However, in almost three decades of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, we are still not sure which interventions work best in preventing HIV transmission in different communities and cultural settings.
T282 916341-916495 Sentence denotes This presentation provides evidence of HIV prevention interventions that work and also presents lessons learned about applying them in different contexts.
T283 916496-916504 Sentence denotes Methods:
T284 916505-916657 Sentence denotes A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing HIV prevention interventions for evidence of efficacy or effectiveness was conducted.
T285 916658-916733 Sentence denotes The interventions were classified as biomedical, behavioral and structural.
T286 916734-916886 Sentence denotes The evidence provided by RCTs was graded in four different levels: best (80% or more), good (60-79%), promising (30-59%) and poor or no evidence (<30%).
T287 916887-916979 Sentence denotes We calculated the effect size to show the difference between treated and control conditions.
T288 916980-917004 Sentence denotes Findings and Discussion:
T289 917005-917197 Sentence denotes Using the grading system, male and female condoms and PMTCT were classified as best evidence HIV prevention interventions because they had achieved more 80% level of efficacy or effectiveness.
T290 917198-917415 Sentence denotes ART, male circumcision, HIV Counseling and Testing for people who test positive were classified as good evidence HIV prevention interventions as they had achieved between 60 and 79% level of efficacy or effectiveness.
T291 917416-917709 Sentence denotes Treatment of STI, a microbicide called PRO2000, the RV144 Thailand vaccine trial and a structural community RCT that reduced intimate partner violence were classified as promising evidence HIV prevention interventions as they had achieved between 30 and 59% level of efficacy or effectiveness.
T292 917710-917815 Sentence denotes All other interventions that obtained less than 30% effectiveness were classified as poor or no evidence.
T293 917816-917871 Sentence denotes We will present the effect size of these interventions.
T294 917872-917883 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T295 917884-917986 Sentence denotes There is no "magic bullet" for HIV prevention, particularly as applied in different cultural settings.
T296 917987-918112 Sentence denotes The lesson learned is that the acceptability of intervention strategies is not the same across most cultures and individuals.
T297 918113-918414 Sentence denotes A community should choose to use a combination of interventions that best suits their context from among best, good or promising practices. (2) How to extend the reach of such programs to low and middle income countries, as the current trial evidence based in such countries is currently very limited?
T298 918415-918643 Sentence denotes This presentation considers the development, implementation and evaluation of such programs in Finland and Australia, as well as the recent uptake of lifestyle-related interventions for reducing diabetes risk in other countries.
T299 918644-918874 Sentence denotes The GOAL study in Finland involved the "real world" evaluation of a moderate-intensity group-based lifestyle change counselling program to prevent type 2 diabetes, adapted from the original Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS).
T300 918875-919119 Sentence denotes Drawing on evidence from the Finnish DPS and the short-term results from the GOAL implementation trial, the Australian Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), adapted from the GOAL program, achieved similar positive behavioral and clinical outcomes.
T301 919120-919299 Sentence denotes Currently, more routinized programs, that are building on the evidence from these 'real world' implementation trials, are being implemented and evaluated in Finland and Australia.
T302 919300-919568 Sentence denotes As key components of the Finnish GOAL program have become more refined over time, successive versions of the program in different countries are aiming to improve the 'fit' between characteristics of the interventions, the adopters, and the implementation environments.
T303 919569-919723 Sentence denotes Core components of the GOAL program are now also being adapted for use in programs that are currently being evaluated in Malaysia, India and South Africa.
T304 919724-919932 Sentence denotes There is an urgent need for more collaborative and coordinated approaches that compare and contrast methods for adapting and spreading effective intervention programs between settings, regions, and countries.
T305 919933-920010 Sentence denotes Adults diagnosed with cancer are often faced with multiple treatment options.
T306 920011-920118 Sentence denotes Many want to participate with their physicians in the process of deciding which treatment is best for them.
T307 920119-920300 Sentence denotes This symposium features four projects that are testing various applications of the SCOPED process in different settings, using different delivery models and intervention components.
T308 920301-920439 Sentence denotes SCOPED is a six step process for helping patients formulate and analyze issues, synthesize insight, and translate the insight into action.
T309 920440-920568 Sentence denotes The steps include documenting questions and answers about the Situation, Choices, Objectives, People, Evaluation, and Decisions.
T310 920569-920694 Sentence denotes Each project will present data about using the SCOPED process to inform and involve adults making cancer treatment decisions.
T311 920695-920708 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T312 920709-920846 Sentence denotes The 'Better Cancer Care' campaign launched by the Scottish Government promotes partnership between patients and healthcare professionals.
T313 920847-920994 Sentence denotes The aim of this study in progress is to evaluate decision navigation using the SCOPED question-listing and note taking process within NHS Scotland.
T314 920995-921003 Sentence denotes Methods:
T315 921004-921121 Sentence denotes Newly diagnosed breast and prostate cancer patients attending the Edinburgh Cancer Centre are invited to participate.
T316 921122-921173 Sentence denotes Patients are randomized to intervention or control.
T317 921174-921297 Sentence denotes Decision self efficacy (DSE) is measured in both groups (scale of 0 to10) at baseline (T1) and after the consultation (T3).
T318 921298-921396 Sentence denotes DSE is additionally measured in the intervention group after the decision navigation session (T2).
T319 921397-921464 Sentence denotes Intervention patients also receive a service evaluation form at T2.
T320 921465-921486 Sentence denotes Preliminary Analysis:
T321 921487-921524 Sentence denotes Prostate: N=63 age range 56-78 years.
T322 921525-921675 Sentence denotes As of November 2009, there are no differences between groups at T1 on the DSE x=8.39 in the intervention group and x=8.3 in the control group (p=.82).
T323 921676-921818 Sentence denotes At T3 there is a significant difference between groups x=9.0 in the intervention group and x=8.3 in the control group (t(51) = 2.059, p=.045).
T324 921819-921930 Sentence denotes 90% of the intervention group (n=24) found decision navigation 'very helpful' and 10% (n=3) 'somewhat helpful'.
T325 921931-921966 Sentence denotes Breast: N=40 age range 41-81 years.
T326 921967-922084 Sentence denotes 79% of the intervention group (n=15) found decision navigation 'very helpful' and 21% (n=4) 'somewhat helpful' at T2.
T327 922085-922159 Sentence denotes The intervention and control group do not differ significantly on the DSE.
T328 922160-922320 Sentence denotes Feedback from a subset of patients (n=9) stated that the intervention was "supportive" "helped to structure thoughts" and "reason through the decision process".
T329 922321-922332 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T330 922333-922397 Sentence denotes It is premature to draw conclusions from these preliminary data.
T331 922398-922567 Sentence denotes Eventual differences in impact of decision navigation between breast and prostate patients may be attributable to the greater degree of choice left to prostate patients.
T332 922568-922681 Sentence denotes In contrast, breast cancer patients are strongly advised to follow set treatment guidelines for adjuvant therapy.
T333 922682-922695 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T334 922696-922876 Sentence denotes Open to Options, a pilot project of ENACCT and CSC provides one-on-one support to hematological cancer patients in Philadelphia, PA, San Francisco/East Bay, CA, and Cincinnati, OH.
T335 922877-922885 Sentence denotes Methods:
T336 922886-922991 Sentence denotes Trained CSC facilitators use the SCOPED process to prompt patients to list questions for their providers.
T337 922992-923084 Sentence denotes Patients complete pre and post session surveys, and follow-up evaluations at 30 and 90 days.
T338 923085-923250 Sentence denotes The surveys measure distress, anxiety, question self-efficacy, satisfaction and (for a subset), patient use of the question list during a health care provider visit.
T339 923251-923259 Sentence denotes Results:
T340 923260-923342 Sentence denotes Three facilitators have used the SCOPED question-listing process with 42 patients.
T341 923343-923514 Sentence denotes Among patients, there was a significant decrease in distress (p=0.044) and anxiety (p=0.045) and a significant increase in the patient's question self-efficacy (p< 0.001).
T342 923515-923683 Sentence denotes To date, 26 have made a treatment decision, and 4 (15%) of these chose treatment through a clinical trial, which is higher than the national participation rate of 3-5%.
T343 923684-923776 Sentence denotes Thirteen of 25 respondents reported discussing cancer clinical trials with their oncologist.
T344 923777-923939 Sentence denotes Satisfaction among participants was high post-intervention (mean= 8.6 out of a maximum of 10) and remained high at 30 (mean=8.5) and 90 (mean=8.7) days follow-up.
T345 923940-924200 Sentence denotes Fifteen of 16 patients surveyed (94%) reported bringing their question list to their provider appointment, 13 (81%) thought the question list contributed to a more productive appointment, and 13 (81%) reported their oncologist answered most of their questions.
T346 924201-924348 Sentence denotes Participants reported the question list: "gave structure to the meeting like an agenda"; "clarified my thoughts"; and "was empowering." Discussion:
T347 924349-924591 Sentence denotes Preliminary findings suggest use of the SCOPED process for question-listing among blood cancer patients in a community-based setting may be associated with improvements on psychosocial measures and with enhanced enrollment in clinical trials.
T1 924592-924613 Sentence denotes CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
T2 924614-924624 Sentence denotes Melissa F.
T3 924625-924845 Sentence denotes Miller, PhD, MPH, Cancer Support Community, Fairfax, VA, 22033; melissa@cancersupportcommunity.org in 74 female and male participants, who were grouped according to gender role on the basis of the Bem Sex Role Inventory.
T4 924846-925058 Sentence denotes Using sex, gender and psychological traits (catastrophizing, fear of pain), it was found that sex, but not gender, strongly predicted pain responsivity in nearly all pain measures and fear of pain was a mediator.
T5 925059-925299 Sentence denotes The fear avoidance model postulates that in chronic low back pain (CLBP) a fear of movement is acquired in the acute phase, which leads to subsequent avoidance of physical activity and thereby drives the chronification of the pain syndrome.
T6 925300-925402 Sentence denotes In an event-related fMRI study we investigated neural correlates of the hypothesized fear of movement.
T7 925403-925493 Sentence denotes 60 women (30 CLBP patients, 15 healthy controls and 15 women with spider phobia, mean age:
T8 925494-925523 Sentence denotes 46.8±9.8 years) participated.
T9 925524-925650 Sentence denotes The CLBP patients were divided on the basis of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) into a high and low fear-avoidant group.
T10 925651-925871 Sentence denotes They viewed 120 photographs depicting neutral and painful movements, generally fear-inducing and neutral objects from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) and spiders while functional MRI data were acquired.
T11 925872-926061 Sentence denotes For CLBP patients activations were found in brain areas commonly implicated in emotional processing (cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex) for the contrast of painful > neutral movements.
T12 926062-926231 Sentence denotes However, in a random effects analysis, CLBP patients with high fear avoidance did not differ from those with low fear avoidance or controls with regard to this contrast.
T13 926232-926442 Sentence denotes For the contrast fear-inducing IAPS pictures > neutral pictures, CLBP patients with high fear avoidance exhibited an activation in the left anterior insula, which was not found in those with low fear avoidance.
T14 926443-926711 Sentence denotes The spider phobics showed extensive bilateral activation in the cingulate cortex and the insulae for the contrast spiders > neutral pictures and the random effects analysis revealed marked differences in these areas between the spider phobics and the healthy controls.
T15 926712-926900 Sentence denotes On the basis of the fear avoidance model we expected group differences between CLBP patients with high and low fear avoidance as well as between CLBP with high fear avoidance and controls.
T16 926901-927074 Sentence denotes Regarding neural correlates such no such differences were found, thereby casting doubt on the concept of fear avoidance as a process primarily driven by fear or phobic fear.
T17 927075-927227 Sentence denotes We examined the hypotheses that sex and gender, assessed by the Bem Sex Role Inventory, modulate responsiveness to experimentally induced pressure pain.
T18 927228-927320 Sentence denotes Furthermore various psychological variables assumed to be potential mediators were assessed.
T19 927321-927361 Sentence denotes 74 students took part in the experiment.
T20 927362-927517 Sentence denotes Pain threshold (PT), intensity (PI) and unpleasantness (PU) of a standard pressure stimulus were determined as well as sensory and affective pain (SP, AP).
T21 927518-927611 Sentence denotes Analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect of sex for nearly all pain variables.
T22 927612-927713 Sentence denotes Women exhibited a lower PT, rated pain to be more severe and unpleasant, and reported more SP and AP.
T23 927714-927782 Sentence denotes Against our hypothesis gender role did not influence pain behaviour.
T24 927783-927900 Sentence denotes Fear of pain (FPQ / PASS) and catastrophizing (PCS) showed significant correlations to all pain parameters except PT.
T25 927901-928014 Sentence denotes The variable depressive symptoms was almost without influence whereas coping style modulated pain responsiveness.
T26 928015-928106 Sentence denotes Gender Role Expectations of Pain (GREP) correlated only in a few cases with pain responses.
T27 928107-928292 Sentence denotes Using sex and gender and all significant psychological variables as predictors in multiple regression analyses showed that essentially sex and fear of pain significantly predicted pain.
T28 928293-928370 Sentence denotes PT was the only parameter that was not influenced by psychological variables.
T29 928371-928502 Sentence denotes In summary, our study corroborated a distinct effect of sex regarding mechanical pain stimuli, showing women to be more responsive.
T30 928503-928568 Sentence denotes In contrast the expected effect of gender role was not confirmed.
T31 928569-928660 Sentence denotes Fear of pain seems to mediate the effect of sex on pain responsiveness, at least partially.
T32 928661-928778 Sentence denotes Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debilitating disorder for which no single etiological factor has been identified.
T33 928779-928864 Sentence denotes Stress has been suggested to play a role in the manifestation and maintenance of CFS.
T34 928865-929020 Sentence denotes Various studies haven shown associations between different aspects of stress (e.g. childhood trauma, maladaptive coping, adult chronic stress) and fatigue.
T35 929021-929145 Sentence denotes However, no studies have simultaneously measured and analyzed multiple characteristics of stress in one single study of CFS.
T36 929146-929367 Sentence denotes In the current population-based study, 501 participants took part and provided information on early life stress, personality characteristics, chronic stress, coping, cortisol as biological stress marker, and CFS symptoms.
T37 929368-929437 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed using structural equation modelling (SEM, LISREL).
T38 929438-929586 Sentence denotes After comparing various theoretically sound models, the strongest model focused on the combined effect of childhood trauma and personality features.
T39 929587-929725 Sentence denotes This model shows a strong effect of maladaptive personality features on CFS symptoms, in part mediated by adult chronic stress and coping.
T40 929726-929824 Sentence denotes The impact of childhood trauma was significant, but the effect was lower than that of personality.
T41 929825-929962 Sentence denotes SEM analysis indicates a good fit of this model (Chi2=855.19, p= 0.0, GFI=.88; AGFI=.85, CFI=.95, SRMR=.05; RMSEA=.071, p (RMSEA) = 0.0).
T42 929963-930017 Sentence denotes Our findings indicate the importance of stress in CFS.
T43 930018-930159 Sentence denotes We have combined various aspects of stress in our study and were able to test a model encompassing a broad variety of stress characteristics.
T44 930160-930249 Sentence denotes Future studies should include longitudinal designs in order to test causal relationships.
T45 930250-930420 Sentence denotes It seems critical to devote research resources to a detailed understanding of the processes that lead from stress to CFS in order to improve current treatment strategies.
T46 930421-930432 Sentence denotes Background:
T47 930433-930547 Sentence denotes Attrition and workload are serious issues for faculty members, faculty associations and university administration.
T48 930548-930792 Sentence denotes Despite the debates about methods for measuring workload, there is a high level of agreement that faculty members devote large amounts of time to their work, causing high levels of stress, and affecting their well-being and work commitment and.
T49 930793-931046 Sentence denotes This study explores relatively underexamined questions related to factors affecting faculty members and their intention to leave their jobs, such as work demands, control over work, work-related rewards and stress pertinent to work in academic settings.
T50 931047-931055 Sentence denotes Methods:
T51 931056-931157 Sentence denotes The faculty workload study was carried out using an online survey that completed 637 faculty members.
T52 931158-931381 Sentence denotes The data on faculty intentions to quit, workload as an indicator of work demands, control over work, rewards, and work-related stress specific to the university setting were collected with a survey developed for this study.
T53 931382-931619 Sentence denotes This study also collected open-ended, qualitative data that are included in the report, and compared this data with that from similar Canadian surveys, i.e., the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and the Work and Lifelong Learning Survey (WALL).
T54 931620-931629 Sentence denotes Findings:
T55 931630-931968 Sentence denotes The study shows a high faculty workload, as demonstrated by the large number of work hours, significantly exceeding the national average found in the LFS and the WALL surveys (41% of faculty work more than 60 hours per week), and by the large number of courses taught during the academic year (24% of faculty teach five to eight courses).
T56 931969-932171 Sentence denotes The results show significant bivariate associations between faculty's desire to leave their jobs with the majority of indicators related to workload, control over work, rewards, and work-related stress.
T57 932172-932559 Sentence denotes Multiple logistic regression analysis, controlled for relevant demographic factors (age, sex and years of service), shows that faculty who perceive low control over work demonstrate the strongest likelihood of leaving their jobs (adjusted odds, AO= 3.775), followed by those who perceive lack of rewards (AO= 2.402), high work-related stress (AO = 2.363), and higher workload (AO=2.278).
T58 932560-932572 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T59 932573-932899 Sentence denotes Similarly to the growing number of studies demonstrating that the control-demand and effort-reward models complement each other, this study identifies the important roles of both models of work-related stress, but suggests that among faculty members, control over work plays a highly important role in their intention to quit.
T60 932900-932921 Sentence denotes CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
T61 932922-932931 Sentence denotes Milosh M.
T62 932932-933137 Sentence denotes Raykov, PhD, University of Toronto, OISE, Toronto, ON, M5S 1 V6; milosh. raykov@utoronto.ca Predictors for specific stress responses (BPS anger, guilt and pressure) were the same and in the same direction.
T63 933138-933255 Sentence denotes In addition, co-worker social support predicted stress responses of guilt (β= −.19, p=.04) and anger (β=−.19, p=.04).
T64 933256-933355 Sentence denotes The total variance explained by these predictors in nurses' stress responses ranged from 15 to 27%.
T65 933356-933567 Sentence denotes Some professional variables (night shift work and daily work load) and family variables (number of children at home) were also significant predictors of reported stress (variance explained ranging from 4 to 8%).
T66 933568-933663 Sentence denotes Findings support the high incidence of distress in Portuguese nurses reported in other studies.
T67 933664-933789 Sentence denotes Furthermore, the data points to the need to consider the family-home spill over in occupational health intervention programs.
T68 933790-933907 Sentence denotes Coping resources and co-worker social support constitute key variables in reducing work stress among this population.
T69 933908-933918 Sentence denotes OBJECTIVE:
T70 933919-934196 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative contribution of individual characteristics, lifestyle factors, work-related risk factors, and work ability on the occurrence of short (<2 weeks), moderate (2-12 weeks), and long (>12 weeks) durations of sickness absence.
T71 934197-934205 Sentence denotes METHODS:
T72 934206-934374 Sentence denotes Altogether 5867 cement construction workers with complete sick leave registration were followed from the day of their medical examination in 2007 until the end of 2009.
T73 934375-934491 Sentence denotes The main outcome of the study was the duration of sickness absence, as registered by an occupational health service.
T74 934492-934622 Sentence denotes Independent variables consisted of individual characteristics, lifestyle factors, workrelated factors, and the work ability index.
T75 934623-934830 Sentence denotes We used Poisson regression analyses with repeated occurrence of sick leave to calculate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals of independent variables for the three categories of sick leave duration.
T76 934831-934839 Sentence denotes RESULTS:
T77 934840-935039 Sentence denotes Predictors for sick leave lasting 2-12 weeks and >12 weeks were: older age, obesity, smoking, manual materials handling, lack of job control, lung restriction, and a less than excellent work ability.
T78 935040-935135 Sentence denotes For most predictors, higher RR values were observed with a longer duration of sickness absence.
T79 935136-935358 Sentence denotes Obesity, smoking, manual materials handling, and lack of job control remained important risk factors for moderate and long durations of sick leave after adjusting for the strong effects of work ability on sickness absence.
T80 935359-935541 Sentence denotes The highest population-attributable fractions were observed for: age over 50 years (18%), manual materials handling (20%), and good (18%), moderate (28%), and poor (2%) work ability.
T81 935542-935553 Sentence denotes CONCLUSION:
T82 935554-935770 Sentence denotes This study suggests that a variety of preventive measures targeted at smoking, obesity, physical load, psychosocial work factors as well as work ability will contribute to a reduction in the occurrence of sick leave.
T83 935771-935782 Sentence denotes Background:
T84 935783-935884 Sentence denotes Women generally show higher frequencies of DSM IV symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety than men.
T85 935885-936009 Sentence denotes Yet, widowers have relatively higher excess mortality rate after the loss than widows compared to non-bereaved counterparts.
T86 936010-936234 Sentence denotes When nonbereaved controls are not taken into account, widowers and widows show similar frequencies of symptoms and gender differences in coping with spousal bereavement appear to be relatively stable across previous studies.
T87 936235-936246 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T88 936247-936469 Sentence denotes The aim was to investigate the importance of gender in relationship to other risk factors for poor bereavement outcome, using an integrative framework to enable the relative impact of different variables to be established.
T89 936470-936478 Sentence denotes Methods:
T90 936479-936694 Sentence denotes 296 elderly bereaved people (Mean=73 years, 38% men) were examined at 2, 6, 13, and 18 months post loss using self-report scales measuring posttraumatic stress, coping style, crisis support, and personality factors.
T91 936695-936703 Sentence denotes Results:
T92 936704-936788 Sentence denotes A selection of major risk factors was entered into a hierarchical linear regression.
T93 936789-936871 Sentence denotes The model predicted 49% of the variance in long-term traumatic stress (18 months).
T94 936872-937009 Sentence denotes When conducted for widows and widowers separately, the predictive power of the model rose to 62% for the widows and 58% for the widowers.
T95 937010-937133 Sentence denotes For the widows, emotional coping, emotional loneliness, and satisfaction with social support predicted 62% of the variance.
T96 937134-937271 Sentence denotes When early traumatic distress (2 months) was entered at the last step of the model, the predictive power of the model remained unchanged.
T97 937272-937404 Sentence denotes For the widowers, sense of peace and satisfaction with social support predicted 40% of the variance in long-term traumatic distress.
T98 937405-937484 Sentence denotes When early distress was entered, the predictive power of the model rose to 58%.
T99 937485-937496 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T100 937497-937673 Sentence denotes Stable, interpersonal traits such as emotional coping style may predict bereavement outcome well for widows, while strong early distress may be a better predictor for widowers.
T101 937674-937744 Sentence denotes Frequently, widowers are excluded or combined with widows in research.
T102 937745-937868 Sentence denotes These results indicate that false conclusions will be reached, particularly regarding widower's reactions, if this is done.
T103 937869-938033 Sentence denotes Age-related subclinical brain pathology is associated with poor health outcomes, though relations with health related quality of life (HRQoL) are poorly understood.
T104 938034-938281 Sentence denotes This study investigated sex differences in relations of subclinical cerebrovascular disease (SCD), brain atrophy (BA) and HRQoL in 154 healthy older adults (50.6% male; mean age=66 years) free of major medical, neurologic, and psychiatric disease.
T105 938282-938599 Sentence denotes Participants completed the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form-36 (SF-36) and underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) rated by a neuroradiologist for markers of SCD (i.e. periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities, number of silent infarcts) and BA (i.e. ventricular enlargement, sulcal widening).
T106 938600-938683 Sentence denotes We create two rank-sum variables (SCD, BA) to serve as primary predictor variables.
T107 938684-938886 Sentence denotes Multiple regression analyses (adjusted for age, race, education, blood pressure, body mass index, smoking, and Beck Depression Inventory scores) examined the interaction of sex with SCD and BA on HRQoL.
T108 938887-939022 Sentence denotes Results revealed that for women, SCD was negatively related to the Mental Component Score of the SF-36 (MCS; rsq=−.09, b=−4.26, p=.02).
T109 939023-939134 Sentence denotes For men, BA was negatively related to the Physical Component Score of the SF-36 (PCS; rsq=.06, b=−1.58, p=.04).
T110 939135-939306 Sentence denotes Results suggest that deleterious changes in brain structure (particularly SCD) are related to poorer outcomes in mental health dimensions of older women's quality of life.
T111 939307-939377 Sentence denotes Conversely, in men, brain atrophy relates to poorer physical function.
T112 939378-939483 Sentence denotes Thus, there are sex differences in the relations of subclinical brain pathology to HRQoL in older adults.
T113 939484-939495 Sentence denotes OBJECTIVES:
T114 939496-939667 Sentence denotes Objective of this study was to investigate relationship between self-reported functional disabilities and measured physical performance among aged homecare clients DESIGN:
T115 939668-939736 Sentence denotes Baseline measurement of a physical performance intervention SETTING:
T116 939737-939819 Sentence denotes Health centers in six semi-urban and rural municipalities in Finland PARTICIPANTS:
T117 939820-939904 Sentence denotes One hundred and seventy-one aged (>mean age 82 yrs.) home care clients MEASUREMENTS:
T118 939905-940236 Sentence denotes Functional balance was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), physical performance by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), the 10-meter walking time test, the hand grip strength test and self-reported disability in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) by Euro-Reves.
T119 940237-940245 Sentence denotes RESULTS:
T120 940246-940363 Sentence denotes Significant correlations were found between the number of functional limitations and the measured performance status.
T121 940364-940582 Sentence denotes Self reported disabilities were strongly related to the measures of physical performance and in the hierarchical regression model these variables explained 40% of the variance of the functional limitations CONCLUSIONS:
T122 940583-940891 Sentence denotes Self-reported difficulties in the ADL and IADL activities were in line with previous studies indicating that the progression of physical disability follows a hierarchical pattern, starting with difficulties in mobility, progressing to difficulties with IADLs, and, finally, culminating in problems with ADLs.
T123 940892-940997 Sentence denotes A threshold of physical performance on/above which people seem to report no/minimal disability was found.
T124 940998-941107 Sentence denotes However, even a high performance status does not entirely protect a person from having multiple disabilities.
T125 941108-941361 Sentence denotes Present study indicated that physical performance measures are independent predictors of functional disability and therefore interventions should directly address factors associated with physical performance in order to enhance autonomy of aged persons.
T126 941362-941373 Sentence denotes Background:
T127 941374-941475 Sentence denotes Frailty is a geriatric concept that represents a lack of reserve functional capacity in older people.
T128 941476-941645 Sentence denotes It has practical clinical implications because it constitutes a state of health that is still modifiable but is on the threshold to chronic irreversible health problems.
T129 941646-941797 Sentence denotes In this study we analysed the development of frailty over a ten-year follow-up period in older Dutch men and women from different socioeconomic groups.
T130 941798-941806 Sentence denotes Methods:
T131 941807-941897 Sentence denotes Data came from a nationally representative cohort of 1,509 men and women aged 55-85 years.
T132 941898-942041 Sentence denotes Frailty was measured with the following markers: physical activity, and grip strength, BMI, cognitive functioning, vision and hearing problems.
T133 942042-942142 Sentence denotes A maximum of 4 observations of the degree of frailty were acquired over a ten-year follow-up period.
T134 942143-942222 Sentence denotes Indicators of socioeconomic position were education level and household income.
T135 942223-942444 Sentence denotes We conducted several types of linear mixed model analyses to assess socioeconomic inequalities in the development of frailty, including complete case analyses, and with frailty imputed for those who died during follow-up.
T136 942445-942453 Sentence denotes Results:
T137 942454-942638 Sentence denotes Adjusted for age, sex, and a partner being present inside the house or not, primary educated had higher odds of developing frailty than tertiary educated men and women (OR=1.76; 95%CI:
T138 942639-942745 Sentence denotes 1.05-2.97), and the lowest income groups had a higher odds than the highest income groups (OR=1.90; 95%CI:
T139 942746-942757 Sentence denotes 1.20-3.02).
T140 942758-942923 Sentence denotes Interactions of education and income with time of frailty measurement suggested that the association of education and income with frailty increased during follow-up.
T141 942924-943013 Sentence denotes Analyses with imputations for missing observations due to deaths yielded similar results.
T142 943014-943025 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T143 943026-943142 Sentence denotes Having a high socioeconomic position is still protective against one of the core geriatric health problems; frailty.
T144 943143-943349 Sentence denotes This suggests that differences in vulnerability late in life may account for socioeconomic inequalities in health at even later stages of life, but also that reversing these inequalities is partly feasible.
T145 943350-943493 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study is to assess cognitive function in a random population undergoing regular eye exams at a Family Practice Eye Service.
T146 943494-943697 Sentence denotes The goal of the study is to identify individuals at risk for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in order to help develop early treatment for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease and other mental disorders.
T147 943698-944025 Sentence denotes Study aims:1) To determine the predictors of mild cognitive impairments in older adults of diverse background attending a Family Practice Eye Service; 2) To evaluate ethnic group variations; and 3) To evaluate a standardized computerized screening battery to detect mild cognitive impairment on a random sample of older adults.
T148 944026-944043 Sentence denotes Study Hypothesis:
T149 944044-944371 Sentence denotes A great number of elderly patients attending a community Eye Clinic will present significant Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) as measured by the Stroop Test, Reaction Time Test (RTT), Shifting Attention Test (SAT), and Continuous Performance Test (CPT) from the CNS Vital Sign Computerized Battery Neuropsychological Assessment.
T150 944372-944385 Sentence denotes Study Design:
T151 944386-944424 Sentence denotes Feasibility study and cross-sectional.
T152 944425-944434 Sentence denotes Outcomes:
T153 944435-944517 Sentence denotes Demographical, cognitive, mood and visual assessments (one time; cross-sectional).
T154 944518-944535 Sentence denotes Statistical Plan:
T155 944536-944635 Sentence denotes Descriptive statistics (proportion, range, means, and SDs), correlations, test of mean differences.
T156 944636-944644 Sentence denotes Results:
T157 944645-944731 Sentence denotes Hypothesis is supported by cognitive assessment analysis of 143 research participants.
T158 944732-944948 Sentence denotes These results support that 55% of the older adults attending the community Eye Clinic showed at least one abnormal score in one of the cognitive tests, indicative of mild cognitive impairment or cognitive impairment.
T159 944949-944992 Sentence denotes Further data and results will be discussed.
T160 944993-945096 Sentence denotes Little is known about the long-term effects of group intervention programs targeting physical exercise.
T161 945097-945215 Sentence denotes This paper reports on the effectiveness of MoVo-LISA, a theory-based (MoVo-concept) standardized intervention program.
T162 945216-945345 Sentence denotes Participants are taught cognitive-behavioral strategies of goal-setting, action planning, barrier management and self-monitoring.
T163 945346-945514 Sentence denotes Methods: N=220 in-patients of an orthopedic rehabilitation clinic were assigned (quasi-experimental design) to the control group (usual care) or the intervention group.
T164 945515-945562 Sentence denotes Assessments were conducted at five time points.
T165 945563-945571 Sentence denotes Results:
T166 945572-945688 Sentence denotes At 12 month follow-up, level of exercise in the intervention group was 28.5 min/week higher than in the UCG (p=.05).
T167 945689-945786 Sentence denotes Moreover, 50% of the IG was exercising for at least 60 min/week, but only 33% of the UCG (p=.01).
T168 945787-946129 Sentence denotes Results also revealed significant intervention effects on cognitive mediator variables: the IG reported enhanced self-efficacy and more positive balance of outcome expectations at six months as well as stronger goal intentions, more elaborated implementation intentions, and optimized strategies of intention shielding at 12 months follow-up.
T169 946130-946142 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T170 946143-946305 Sentence denotes Results provide evidence that intervention programs based on the MoVo concept lead to long-term improvement in exercise behavior and underlying cognitive factors.
T171 946306-946319 Sentence denotes Aim of study:
T172 946320-946508 Sentence denotes This community-based exploratory study investigated the results of supervised low technology training on function, physical activity, and falls in older people with functional limitations.
T173 946509-946517 Sentence denotes Methods:
T174 946518-946602 Sentence denotes Home-dwelling people from four municipalities (n= 123, age 75-95 yrs) were included.
T175 946603-946679 Sentence denotes Supervised balance and strength training was performed at home for 16 weeks.
T176 946680-946709 Sentence denotes External load was 65% of 1RM.
T177 946710-946824 Sentence denotes The instructors used the principles of positive reinforcement to enhance motivation for regular physical activity.
T178 946825-946949 Sentence denotes After the 16 weeks contact was established between volunteer instructors and participants who wanted to continue exercising.
T179 946950-947036 Sentence denotes Assessments were performed by health professionals who did not train the participants.
T180 947037-947149 Sentence denotes Function (static balance (SPPB) and Senior Fitness test) was assessed at baseline and after 16, 32 and 52 weeks.
T181 947150-947215 Sentence denotes Self reported data were collected at baseline and after 52 weeks.
T182 947216-947224 Sentence denotes Results:
T183 947225-947379 Sentence denotes At baseline 86% used walking aid, 89% had balance problems and 62 % had fallen during the previous year, and 3% met the physical activity recommendations.
T184 947380-947421 Sentence denotes Seventy-six % completed the intervention.
T185 947422-947626 Sentence denotes Those who were able to rise from a chair without using the arms (83%) improved in static balance, 30 s-chair-stand, 30 s-arm-curl and 8-feet-Up&Go on average 16%, 50%, 34% and 16%, respectively (p<0.001).
T186 947627-947760 Sentence denotes Improvements were preserved at 52 weeks except for the 30 s-chair-stand, but these results were better compared to baseline (p<0.01).
T187 947761-947883 Sentence denotes No changes were found in participants who needed the arms to rise from a chair, and drop out was high in this group (60%).
T188 947884-948009 Sentence denotes At 52 weeks the participants were more physically active with 55% exercising in groups or with an exercise-friend (p<0.0001).
T189 948010-948021 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T190 948022-948293 Sentence denotes Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is among the most common causes of brain damage in the United States and results in the disturbance of cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and physical functioning that leads to functional impairments, disability, and decreased quality of life.
T191 948294-948486 Sentence denotes However, there are very few studies to date that have sought to determine the relationship between objective functional status evaluations and subjective QoL measures in individuals after TBI.
T192 948487-948655 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between functional status and QoL over time controlling for demographics and injury severity after severe TBI.
T193 948656-948664 Sentence denotes Methods:
T194 948665-948809 Sentence denotes This prospective study used longitudinal data collected from patient questionnaires and from medical records of subjects with severe TBI (N=46).
T195 948810-949005 Sentence denotes In addition to demographic and injury related data, patient functional status was measured by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), Disability Rating Scale (DRS) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM).
T196 949006-949079 Sentence denotes Patient QoL was evaluated using the Modified Perceived QoL questionnaire.
T197 949080-949165 Sentence denotes Data was collected regarding 6 month and 12 month for both functional status and QoL.
T198 949166-949218 Sentence denotes The baseline QoL was recalled by patients after TBI.
T199 949219-949485 Sentence denotes A mixed effects model for repeated measures was performed to examine the relationship between each measure of functional status and QoL overall in patients 6 and 12 months after TBI while controlling for age, gender, injury severity and QoL at baseline respectively.
T200 949486-949494 Sentence denotes Results:
T201 949495-949558 Sentence denotes Overall, QoL measure significantly improved over time (P<0.05).
T202 949559-949694 Sentence denotes Baseline overall QoL and GOS were both significantly and positively correlated with the overall post-TBI trajectory QoL score (P<0.01).
T203 949695-949794 Sentence denotes DRS was significantly and inversely associated with overall post-TBI trajectory QoL score (P<0.01).
T204 949795-949883 Sentence denotes There is no relationship between FIM and overall post-TBI trajectory QoL score (P>0.10).
T205 949884-949989 Sentence denotes Age, gender and injury severity were not significantly related with overall post-TBI QoL scores (P>0.05).
T206 949990-950002 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T207 950003-950104 Sentence denotes As a subjective measure of TBI outcome, the QoL of patients after TBI continues to improve over time.
T208 950105-950242 Sentence denotes Baseline QoL before TBI and objective global function measures (GOS and DRS) are strongly associated with long term QoL for TBI patients.
T209 950243-950349 Sentence denotes For frail elderly persons, exercise is essential to preserve functional fitness and quality of life (QOL).
T210 950350-950572 Sentence denotes Municipalities in Japan offer elderly persons interventions consisting of groupbased exercise sessions and behavioral counseling; however, for a variety of reasons, many individuals do not participate in the interventions.
T211 950573-950702 Sentence denotes Some are physically frail, some have limited means of transportation and others are self-conscious about exercising with friends.
T212 950703-950828 Sentence denotes Therefore, it is important to confirm the effect of low-frequency exercise participation compared with that of highfrequency.
T213 950829-950900 Sentence denotes Thirty-nine participants, aged 67-85 years, participated in this study.
T214 950901-951024 Sentence denotes All were identified as frail elderly persons according to the criteria of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan.
T215 951025-951126 Sentence denotes The participants were divided into two groups that were assigned to different intervention schedules.
T216 951127-951292 Sentence denotes The high-frequency group (n= 14; 68-83 years) met 12 times over a 3-month period, while the low-frequency group (n=25; 67-85 years) met 6 times over a 3month period.
T217 951293-951377 Sentence denotes Each 90-minute session consisted of group-based exercises and behavioral counseling.
T218 951378-951511 Sentence denotes The exercises, which the participants were encouraged to practice daily at home, included 4 stretching and 6 strengthening exercises.
T219 951512-951643 Sentence denotes To encourage exercise, 6 behavioral counseling sessions were offered in which illustrated stories or four-panel cartoons were used.
T220 951644-951797 Sentence denotes After 3 months, members of both groups showed significant improvement in functional fitness as well as in 5 of 8 dimensions of QOL measured by the SF-36.
T221 951798-951925 Sentence denotes Improvement in the social dimension of QOL was significantly higher in the high-frequency group than in the lowfrequency group.
T222 951926-952035 Sentence denotes Thus, both low-and high-frequency interventions offer significant positive effects for frail elderly persons.
T223 952036-952141 Sentence denotes If elderly individuals need a great amount of socialization, a highfrequency intervention is recommended.
T224 952142-952267 Sentence denotes Although physical activity (PA) provides multiple benefits for breast cancer survivors (BCS), most do not exercise regularly.
T225 952268-952382 Sentence denotes Identifying mediators of PA maintenance is important for assisting BCS in adopting sustainable PA behavior change.
T226 952383-952665 Sentence denotes Because we have reported continued improvements in PA 3 months after completing a PA behavior change intervention for BCS, our study aim was to determine if the change in social cognitive theory (SCT) constructs during the intervention mediated the effect of our intervention on PA.
T227 952666-952786 Sentence denotes We randomized 41 BCS to receive a SCTbased 3-month PA behavior change intervention (INT; n=21) or usual care (UC; n=20).
T228 952787-952881 Sentence denotes The INT group received 12 supervised aerobic exercise sessions tapered to home-based exercise.
T229 952882-952987 Sentence denotes Behavioral support was provided in 6 discussion groups and 3 individual face-to-face counseling sessions.
T230 952988-953028 Sentence denotes The UC group received written materials.
T231 953029-953211 Sentence denotes PA (i.e., accelerometer) and SCT constructs (i.e., survey) were assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention (i.e., 3 months), and 3 months post-intervention (i.e., 6 months).
T232 953212-953381 Sentence denotes The mediation of the intervention effect on PA at 6 months by changes in SCT constructs from baseline to 3 months was examined using the Freedman and Schatzkin approach.
T233 953382-953581 Sentence denotes Compared to UC, the INT group reported improved barriers interference (mean difference=−7.8; 95% CI=−15.1 to -.4; d=−.67; p=.04) and PA enjoyment (mean difference=.7; 95% CI=0 to 1.5; d=.61; p =.06).
T234 953582-953624 Sentence denotes Barriers self-efficacy d was .28 (p =.38).
T235 953625-953767 Sentence denotes Barriers interference and self-efficacy mediated 39% (p=.004) and 19% (p=.02) of the intervention effect on sustained adherence, respectively.
T236 953768-953935 Sentence denotes In conclusion, only barrier interference and barriers self-efficacy significantly mediated the effect of the intervention on PA 3 months after intervention completion.
T237 953936-954003 Sentence denotes The increase in enjoyment did not explain sustained PA improvement.
T238 954004-954141 Sentence denotes Our results suggest that reducing barriers may partially explain the ability of our intervention to demonstrate longer term PA adherence.
T239 954142-954260 Sentence denotes Treating pediatric obesity is essential to reduce adult morbidity and mortality and improve the health of obese youth.
T240 954261-954388 Sentence denotes We report 6month nutrition data from a 2-year multidisciplinary weight management program for obese adolescents, the T.E.E.N.S.
T241 954389-954435 Sentence denotes Program (N=173 at baseline, N=66 at 6 months).
T242 954436-954525 Sentence denotes At baseline, participants were 76% African American, 65% female, with a mean age of 13.7.
T243 954526-954590 Sentence denotes Mean BMI percentile was 99.1 (mean BMI z-score=2.5) at baseline.
T244 954591-954730 Sentence denotes Repeated measures MANOVAs were used to examine differences from baseline (T1) to 6-month (T2) followup on a 24-hour dietary recall measure.
T245 954731-954805 Sentence denotes Changes in anthropometrics and blood lipid parameters were also evaluated.
T246 954806-954968 Sentence denotes At 6months, participants significantly reduced their intake of calories, fat, sodium, and sugar (p<.05); no changes in calcium or fiber intake were found (p>.05).
T247 954969-955103 Sentence denotes Gender stratified models showed that boys had greater increases in fruit and vegetable and vitamin D intake compared to girls (p<.05).
T248 955104-955206 Sentence denotes Significant improvements in body mass index and lipid profiles were found in the total sample (p<.05).
T249 955207-955356 Sentence denotes Multiple regression analysis suggested that caloric reduction from baseline to 6-month was associated with decreases in BMI z-score (β=−0.11, p<.05).
T250 955357-955490 Sentence denotes However, when parental compliance with nutrition visits was included in the regression, change in calories was no longer significant.
T251 955491-955633 Sentence denotes Parental compliance became the only significant predictor of 6-month BMI z-score, while controlling for baseline BMI z-score (β=−0.16, p<.01).
T252 955634-955751 Sentence denotes Findings suggest that promoting intake of essential nutrients may be more challenging than reducing excessive intake.
T253 955752-955832 Sentence denotes Additional gender specific strategies for dietary modification may be warranted.
T254 955833-955959 Sentence denotes Further, increased parental participation in adolescent weight management programs is also recommended to enhance weight loss.
T255 955960-956024 Sentence denotes Regular physical activity (PA) is a challenge for obese persons.
T256 956025-956149 Sentence denotes It is even more challenging for obese persons with either depression or pain, but the impact of these conditions may differ.
T257 956150-956345 Sentence denotes The present study examined the effects of depression and pain on perception of barriers to PA, confidence about engaging in PA, and current weekly PA in a group of overweight/obese male veterans.
T258 956346-956494 Sentence denotes Study participants completed the Barriers to Being Active Quiz, Exercise Self-efficacy Scale, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.
T259 956495-956551 Sentence denotes The study sample included 101 male Veterans with BMI≥25.
T260 956552-956580 Sentence denotes The mean age was 61.2 years.
T261 956581-956784 Sentence denotes Of the sample, 62.4 % reported a painful medical condition (i.e., either arthritic joint pain or back pain) and 48.5% reported a clinically significant Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression score≥15.
T262 956785-956863 Sentence denotes Reporting a pain condition was marginally associated with depression (p=.064).
T263 956864-956953 Sentence denotes Of the study sample, 85.9% reported weekly PA, ranging from walking to vigorous activity.
T264 956954-957014 Sentence denotes Amount of activity was brief; only 27.7% reported PA≥1 hour.
T265 957015-957133 Sentence denotes Two factor ANOVAs assessed the contributions of both pain and depression on barriers to PA and exercise self-efficacy.
T266 957134-957268 Sentence denotes Results revealed a main effect for depression on three of seven perceived barriers to PA: lack of energy, motivation, and skill level.
T267 957269-957398 Sentence denotes In contrast, a main effect for pain was revealed for one barrier, fear of injury, as well as for exercise selfefficacy (p's<.05).
T268 957399-957504 Sentence denotes Veterans with pain (but not depression) were less likely to report engaging in weekly PA (X2=4.0, p<.05).
T269 957505-957648 Sentence denotes Results suggest that although frequently comorbid in obese Veterans, depression and pain are associated with different perceived PA challenges.
T270 957649-957923 Sentence denotes Depressed Veterans are more likely to report energy and motivational barriers to PA, while Veterans with pain are specifically concerned about hurting themselves during exercise and are less confident that they could actually engage in exercise under challenging conditions.
T271 957924-958001 Sentence denotes In turn, veterans with pain are less likely to engage in any weekly activity.
T272 958002-958006 Sentence denotes Aim:
T273 958007-958162 Sentence denotes We examined whether experience of health care discrimination was associated with weight gain in normal weight, moderate obese and severe obese individuals.
T274 958163-958171 Sentence denotes Methods:
T275 958172-958376 Sentence denotes Men and women with normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9), moderate obesity (BMI 30-34.9) and severe obesity (BMI>35) were identified from a yearly population based national survey investigating living conditions.
T276 958377-958455 Sentence denotes Data on height and weight were available from the years between 1996 and 2006.
T277 958456-958598 Sentence denotes A questionnaire about experiences of previous health care discrimination and current weight and height was mailed to 5018 individuals in 2008.
T278 958599-958804 Sentence denotes Multiple linear regression analyses were performed investigating the association between weight gain and health care discrimination controlling for a range of socio-demographic and psychological variables.
T279 958805-958813 Sentence denotes Results:
T280 958814-958879 Sentence denotes Totally 2633 individuals had complete data on all variables used.
T281 958880-958956 Sentence denotes The average weight gain in the different weight groups according to sex was:
T282 958957-959204 Sentence denotes 2.5 kg (SD=6.1) for normal weight women, 2.4 kg (SD=10.0) for moderate obese women, -0.3 kg (SD=15.7) for severe obese women, 3.7 kg (SD=7.4) for normal weight men, 1.4 kg (SD=8.2) for moderate obese men and -1.3 kg (SD=14.4) for severe obese men.
T283 959205-959301 Sentence denotes Health care discrimination was not associated with weight gain in men (-0.3 kg 95%CI -1.8; 1.1).
T284 959302-959339 Sentence denotes This was regardless of weight status.
T285 959340-959475 Sentence denotes In severe obese women, experience of health care discrimination was associated with an average weight gain of 6.3 kg (95%CI 1.0; 11.6).
T286 959476-959588 Sentence denotes No association was found between health care discrimination and weight gain in normal weight women ( Background:
T287 959589-959665 Sentence denotes As a society we are increasingly fixated on the consequences of 'being fat'.
T288 959666-959814 Sentence denotes Public responses have focused on alerting individuals to the risks associated with obesity and the urgent need for intervention and self-regulation.
T289 959815-959903 Sentence denotes However, there is limited understanding of the impact of these messages on obese adults.
T290 959904-960158 Sentence denotes This study sought to explore obese individuals' perceptions and attitudes of population based obesity messaging in Australia, how they applied these messages to themselves and how personal and social contexts and experiences influenced these perceptions.
T291 960159-960166 Sentence denotes Method:
T292 960167-960331 Sentence denotes We adopted a qualitative approach which utilised indepth semi-structured telephone interviews with a community sample of obese adults (Body Mass Index 30 and over).
T293 960332-960503 Sentence denotes Theoretical, purposive and strategic sampling techniques were used to ensure a broad representation of individuals from different demographic and geographical backgrounds.
T294 960504-960563 Sentence denotes We analysed the data using a descriptive thematic approach.
T295 960564-960572 Sentence denotes Results:
T296 960573-960633 Sentence denotes One hundred and forty two adults participated in this study.
T297 960634-960787 Sentence denotes Participants' attitudes were strongly influenced by personal and contextual factors, including personal experiences with weight and weight loss attempts.
T298 960788-960964 Sentence denotes Participants felt that messages were overly focused on the physical rather than emotional health consequences of obesity i.e. the risk of getting cancer, or dying from obesity.
T299 960965-961140 Sentence denotes Many, particularly those who were severely obese, described feeling stigmatised and blamed by the simplicity of messages and the lack of realistic solutions available to them.
T300 961141-961266 Sentence denotes Whilst they trusted government based messages, they acted upon the solutions provided by the commercial weight loss industry.
T301 961267-961457 Sentence denotes Participants supported non-stigmatising messages from noncommercial sources that were focused on encouraging individuals to make healthy lifestyle changes, rather than promoting weight loss.
T302 961458-961469 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T303 961470-961653 Sentence denotes This study is the first step in exploring the ways in which we understand how obesity messages resonate with obese individuals in Australia and influence their weight loss behaviours.
T304 961654-961842 Sentence denotes However, further qualitative and quantitative research is needed before we fully understand the impact of obesity messaging on the health beliefs, behaviours and wellbeing of obese adults.
T305 961843-961853 Sentence denotes Objective:
T306 961854-962010 Sentence denotes Bariatric surgery has been indicated as a preferential treatment for morbid obesity and is associated with a set of physical and psychological improvements.
T307 962011-962216 Sentence denotes The aim of our study was to characterize the current functioning and the physical and psychological health problems of bariatric surgery candidates in the surgery moment, in a follow-up of 6 and 12 months.
T308 962217-962225 Sentence denotes Methods:
T309 962226-962444 Sentence denotes 30 obese subjects filled Childhood History Questionnaire, Brief Symptoms Inventory, Rotterdam Symptoms Checklist, Health Questionnaire and Ways of Coping Questionnaire at the surgery, in a follow-up of 6 and 12 months.
T310 962445-962453 Sentence denotes Results:
T311 962454-962560 Sentence denotes The number of reported adverse childhood experiences does not change over time and the prevalence was low.
T312 962561-962738 Sentence denotes Preliminary results indicate that at the time of surgery, participants reported more passive coping, more problems and physical health complaints than in the 6 months follow-up.
T313 962739-962836 Sentence denotes 12 months after, there is an increase of psychopathology, passive coping and physical complaints.
T314 962837-962848 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T315 962849-962960 Sentence denotes The prevalence of adverse childhood experiences is lower when compared with other studies with this population.
T316 962961-963111 Sentence denotes There is an improvement on current functioning and quality of life after 6 months, however, these gains are going to be blurring the end of 12 months.
T317 963112-963215 Sentence denotes Obese seem to use more passive coping strategies and do not actively involve in solving their problems.
T1 963216-963391 Sentence denotes These results reinforce the importance of developing interventions aimed at behavioural change allowing the empowerment of patients and learning more active coping strategies.
T2 963392-963534 Sentence denotes Moreover, it is necessary to follow these subjects longitudinally allowing greater and better understanding of its evolution during treatment.
T3 963535-963721 Sentence denotes Individuals diagnosed with a head and neck cancer (HNC) are at substantial risk of experiencing disfigurements and dysfunctions as a result of the disease process and medical treatments.
T4 963722-963927 Sentence denotes Consequently, it is not surprising that a substantial number of studies have revealed that HNC patients are susceptible to experiencing clinical levels of anxiety (including PTSD) and depressive disorders.
T5 963928-964073 Sentence denotes Surprisingly however, there is a paucity of psychological studies targeting the management of stress and depressive disorders in this population.
T6 964074-964378 Sentence denotes Similarly, there are only a very limited number of studies that have evaluated the efficacy of psychotherapy programs tailored for other types of oncology populations (including breast, prostate, and gastro-intestinal cancers) specifically suffering from clinically elevated anxiety or mood disturbances.
T7 964379-964525 Sentence denotes Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) has been shown to be helpful in managing anxiety and depression in various psychiatric and health populations.
T8 964526-964784 Sentence denotes Several studies have found the early application of a brief version of CBT, to be a useful treatment in reducing severe acute stress, as well as preventing the development of chronic psychological disorders in survivors following non-cancer traumatic events.
T9 964785-965037 Sentence denotes Accordingly, the aim of the present RCT study (still in progress) was to test an early, brief (6-session) CBT program in reducing clinically elevated posttraumatic stress and depressive responses in newly diagnosed HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy.
T10 965038-965139 Sentence denotes The efficacy of the CBT program was compared to a 6-session Supportive Counselling (SC) intervention.
T11 965140-965443 Sentence denotes Participant inclusion criteria comprised adult individuals (aged 18 -70 years) who met subthreshold or full diagnostic criteria for cancer-related PTSD and/or comorbid anxiety and depression disorders, and who had been prescribed to receive radiotherapy as part of their medical treatment for their HNC.
T12 965444-965583 Sentence denotes To date, 25 patients have been randomized to receive either the CBT or SC intervention, and 16 patients have completed the therapy program.
T13 965584-965749 Sentence denotes The results to date indicate that the CBT program is effective in reducing both posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms, as well as enhancing social well-being.
T14 965750-965931 Sentence denotes Findings will be discussed in context of the utility of this early brief intervention in treating acute stress and preventing chronic psychopathology in traumatized cancer patients.
T15 965932-966075 Sentence denotes Discussion will also focus on logistical considerations in conducting psychotherapy concurrent with medical treatments in oncology populations.
T16 966076-966215 Sentence denotes There is increasing recognition of mindfulness and mindfulness training as a way to decrease stress and increase psychological functioning.
T17 966216-966466 Sentence denotes The aims of this study were to examine the effects of mindfulness stress reduction training on perceived stress, psychological well-being and levels of cortisol, and to examine if changes in mindfulness mediate intervention effects on these outcomes.
T18 966467-966629 Sentence denotes Seventy women and one man with a previous cancer diagnosis (mean age 51.8 years, SD=9.86) were randomized into an intervention group or a wait-list control group.
T19 966630-966698 Sentence denotes The intervention consisted of an 8-week mindfulness-training course.
T20 966699-966992 Sentence denotes A repeated measures MANCOVA showed that compared to participants in the control group, participants in the mindfulness-training group had significantly decreased perceived stress, post-traumatic avoidance symptoms, and increased coping self-efficacy at 6-month followup (F16, 51=1.32, p<0.05).
T21 966993-967130 Sentence denotes Those who participated in the intervention reported significant increase in mindfulness when compared to controls (F10, 57=2.34, p<0.05).
T22 967131-967246 Sentence denotes The increase in mindfulness mediated the effects of the intervention on perceived stress, and coping self-efficacy.
T23 967247-967315 Sentence denotes The results indicated and intervention effect on awakening cortisol.
T24 967316-967525 Sentence denotes Among those with initial low levels of cortisol, there was an increase from baseline to 3-month follow-up, and among those with initial high levels there was a decreased level of cortisol at 3-month follow-up.
T25 967526-967606 Sentence denotes There was an association between changes in stress symptoms and cortisol levels.
T26 967607-967771 Sentence denotes This study indicates that increased levels of mindfulness can potentially explain reduction of stress symptoms resulting from mindfulness stress reduction training.
T27 967772-967861 Sentence denotes The results indicated a normalization of cortisol levels as a result of the intervention.
T28 967862-967956 Sentence denotes The importance of these findings for future research in the field of mindfulness is discussed.
T29 967957-967967 Sentence denotes Objective:
T30 967968-968162 Sentence denotes To test the effects of an Expressive Writing Intervention (EWI) on subsequent self-reported health of women treated for early stage breast cancer and to examine repressive coping as a moderator.
T31 968163-968171 Sentence denotes Methods:
T32 968172-968359 Sentence denotes Breast cancer patients (n=507; mean age 53.6) were recruited following completion of adjuvant treatment randomly assigned to 3 weekly 20 min home-based writing exercises involving either:
T33 968360-968495 Sentence denotes 1) emotional disclosure (EWI) about one of their most traumatic experiences, or 2) a control topic (CTRL) of how they spend their time.
T34 968496-968587 Sentence denotes The primary outcome was self-reported physical health (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)).
T35 968588-968776 Sentence denotes Repressive copers (n =161) were identified at baseline by having high defensiveness (Marlowe Crowne Social Desirability Scale) and low negative affectivity (Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale).
T36 968777-968785 Sentence denotes Results:
T37 968786-968954 Sentence denotes A repeated measures ANOVA showed no effect of EWI (time x group interaction) (p=.31) but did reveal a significant time x group x repressive coping interaction (p=.024).
T38 968955-969090 Sentence denotes Repressive copers in the EWI group had improved PHQ-scores at follow-up (9 mo), while PHQ-scores of repressive copers in CTRL worsened.
T39 969091-969203 Sentence denotes The results continued to be statistically significant (p=.045) with potential confounders included in the model.
T40 969204-969216 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T41 969217-969454 Sentence denotes An expressive writing intervention may have positive effects on health outcomes among breast cancer patients high in repressive coping, suggesting the potential utility of targeting the intervention to such individuals in future studies.
T42 969455-969557 Sentence denotes The 'teachable moment' has long being considered a cornerstone of public health intervention planning.
T43 969558-969745 Sentence denotes The Teachable Moment (TM) model suggests that there are certain times when an individual is especially ready to change behavior and thus, open to receiving messages about behavior change.
T44 969746-969971 Sentence denotes According to the TM model, experiences that jointly (1) increase risk perceptions, (2) prompt concordant emotional responses, and (3) impact selfconcept may offer a powerful motivational context for promoting behavior change.
T45 969972-970085 Sentence denotes Further, tailoring smoking cessation interventions on TM components may increase the salience of health messages.
T46 970086-970209 Sentence denotes In the present study, TM model was used to examine the desire to quit smoking among family members of lung cancer patients.
T47 970210-970347 Sentence denotes Further, the relationship between desire to quit and engagement with and reactions to self-help smoking cessation materials was examined.
T48 970348-970505 Sentence denotes Participants were family members of lung cancer patients recruited for a randomized controlled trial testing a counseling intervention for smoking cessation.
T49 970506-970643 Sentence denotes The main independent variable was lung cancer diagnosis in a family member and the main dependent variable was intention to quit smoking.
T50 970644-970773 Sentence denotes Study results indicated that components of the TM model were related to desire to quit in family members of lung cancer patients.
T51 970774-970909 Sentence denotes Specifically, increased perceived risk, negative self image, and high subjective norm for quitting were related to high desire to quit.
T52 970910-971198 Sentence denotes In a final path analysis model that controlled for age, sex, ethnicity, education and smoking rate, the construct of perceived individual risk of cancer was identified as a mediator of the relationship between having a family member with a diagnosis of lung cancer and quitting intention.
T53 971199-971265 Sentence denotes Findings on engagement with and reactions to materials were mixed.
T54 971266-971391 Sentence denotes Engagement with materials was not related to baseline desire to quit, but was related to positive reactions to the materials.
T55 971392-971574 Sentence denotes Those with a higher desire to quit were more likely to report that the information in the tailored booklet applied to them, and was new to them, interesting, trustworthy, and moving.
T56 971575-971719 Sentence denotes Finally, family members with a higher desire to quit were more likely to say that the information in the booklet make them want to quit smoking.
T57 971720-972003 Sentence denotes Evidence from this initial study indicates that the TM model provides a strong conceptual framework for (1) identifying specific determinants of desire to quit among family members of lung cancer patients; and (2) developing effective tailored selfhelp materials for this population.
T58 972004-972158 Sentence denotes These data suggest that the concept of the teachable moment may be adopted and adapted for the smoking cessation in the oncology context in Indian set up.
T59 972159-972167 Sentence denotes Purpose:
T60 972168-972224 Sentence denotes Worldwide, the number of cancer survivors is increasing.
T61 972225-972312 Sentence denotes In the Danish population of 5.4 million people, more than 300 000 are cancer survivors.
T62 972313-972474 Sentence denotes Given the range of physical, psychological and social late effects of cancer and its primary treatment many survivors need tailored rehabilitation interventions.
T63 972475-972650 Sentence denotes This randomized study evaluates the short term effect of a multi-focused, psychosocial 6-day residential rehabilitation course at the Dallund Rehabilitation Centre in Denmark.
T64 972651-972659 Sentence denotes Methods:
T65 972660-972803 Sentence denotes Breast, prostate or colorectal cancer survivors were randomly assigned to the rehabilitation course (IG) or a standard care control group (CG).
T66 972804-972975 Sentence denotes Outcome measures included self-reported quality of life (qol), psychological mood and mental adjustment styles and were assessed at baseline, 1-, 6-and 12-month follow up.
T67 972976-973077 Sentence denotes Multiple linear regression was used in preliminary analyses to compare differences between IG and CG.
T68 973078-973175 Sentence denotes Global qol at baseline, cancer diagnosis, age, gender and education were examined as confounders.
T69 973176-973184 Sentence denotes Results:
T70 973185-973257 Sentence denotes The preliminary analyses included 352 patients (IG n= 165 and CG n=187).
T71 973258-973353 Sentence denotes A total of 188 patients had breast cancer, 94 had colorectal cancer and 70 had prostate cancer.
T72 973354-973415 Sentence denotes Participants were on average 61 years old and 228 were women.
T73 973416-973529 Sentence denotes No effect of the intervention was found on change in global qol at 1-month follow up (β=0.40; 95% CI -2.95-3.74).
T74 973530-973541 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T75 973542-973659 Sentence denotes This is the first study to evaluate a residential rehabilitation course among cancer patients in a randomized design.
T76 973660-973743 Sentence denotes Preliminary analyses could not confirm an effect of the intervention on qlobal qol.
T77 973744-973805 Sentence denotes This might be due to methodological limitations of the study.
T78 973806-974015 Sentence denotes However, the effect of the intervention on the different domains of quality of life and other outcome measures at the 6-and 12-month follow up taking into account clinical variables still needs to be examined.
T79 974016-974132 Sentence denotes Prenatal stress seem to have a significant impacts on the biological and psychological development in the offspring.
T80 974133-974311 Sentence denotes In particular, prenatal stress is associated with long-term disturbances in HPA axis function.A sample of 115 10-year old children was examined in a cross-sectional study design.
T81 974312-974472 Sentence denotes The experimental group (n=43) was characterized by a glucocorticoid treatment of their mothers due to high risk of preterm delivery during the second trimester.
T82 974473-974606 Sentence denotes Control group A (n=35) consisted of children who were at risk of being born prematurely but did not receive glucocorticoid treatment.
T83 974607-974695 Sentence denotes In control group B (n=37) children were included born after complication-free pregnancy.
T84 974696-974770 Sentence denotes A standardized psychosocial stress test for children (TSST-C) was applied.
T85 974771-974853 Sentence denotes All children were healthy and showed no disparities in their level of development.
T86 974854-975010 Sentence denotes Salivary cortisol and heart rate were measured during the experiment as well as psychological parameters using self-report questionnaires (EWL-KJ and PASA).
T87 975011-975120 Sentence denotes The TSST-C induced a marginally significant increase of salivary cortisol (F(4.814,269.601) = 1.939, p=.091).
T88 975121-975251 Sentence denotes Significant higher cortisol levels were observed in children of the experimental group as compared to children of control group B.
T89 975252-975511 Sentence denotes Referring to the data for the heart rate in response to the TSST-C a trend towards significance was revealed (F(15.069, 836.313) = 1.505, p=.096). lower heart rates were found in The experimental group showed lower heart rates than the control groups A and B.
T90 975512-975770 Sentence denotes Furthermore, stress appraisal and mood significantly differed between the three groups.Even though all children were comparable concerning their level of education and mental abilities, we found subtle differences in their psychobiological stress reactivity.
T91 975771-975905 Sentence denotes The prenatally stressed offspring demonstrated a stronger glucocorticoid response in reaction to challenging situations than controls.
T92 975906-976074 Sentence denotes In addition, the results revealed long term effects of prenatal glucocorticoids on psychological and on autonomic reactivity to a standardized psychosocial stress test.
T93 976075-976086 Sentence denotes Background:
T94 976087-976170 Sentence denotes Previous work suggests that family conflict impacts adversely on child development.
T95 976171-976274 Sentence denotes But it is not clear to what extent these relationships might hold in a contemporary population setting.
T96 976275-976286 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T97 976287-976483 Sentence denotes 1. to examine the extent to which markers of parental conflict are associated with child development 2. to assess the influence of socioeconomic and psychosocial factors in observed relationships.
T98 976484-976492 Sentence denotes Methods:
T99 976493-976553 Sentence denotes Data from the UK Millennium cohort study were used (N=9144).
T100 976554-976793 Sentence denotes Questions on parental conflict -whether they felt they were on the brink of separation and on the experience of physical force/violence in the relationship were answered by both parents when cohort members were age 9 months, 3 and 5 years.
T101 976794-976893 Sentence denotes Markers of child development at age 5 were height, socioemotional difficulties, and verbal ability.
T102 976894-976902 Sentence denotes Results:
T103 976903-977260 Sentence denotes Girls and boys whose mothers felt they were on the brink of separation from their partner were shorter (girls 109.0 vs 110.3, boys 110.9 vs 111.3 cm), more likely to have socioemotional difficulties (girls 9.7 vs 4.1, boys 15.7 vs 6.4%) and lower verbal test scores (girls 55.5 vs 57.1, boys 52.9 vs 56.5) compared with children where this was not the case.
T104 977261-977530 Sentence denotes For girls height differences remain statistically different on adjustment for socioeconomic and psychosocial factors, whilst differences in socioemotional difficulties and verbal ability were rendered statistically nonsignificant on adjustment for psychosocial factors.
T105 977531-977729 Sentence denotes For boys differences in the likelihood of socioemotional difficulties and verbal ability were reduced on adjustment for socioeconomic and psychosocial factors but remained statistically significant.
T106 977730-977741 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T107 977742-977906 Sentence denotes Children living in homes in which there was likely family conflict had poorer developmental outcomes compared with children living in more favourable circumstances.
T108 977907-977984 Sentence denotes Gender differences in factors that explained observed patterns were apparent.
T109 977985-977995 Sentence denotes Objective:
T110 977996-978133 Sentence denotes The aim of the study was to ascertain the prevalence of multiple pains (MP) and detect psychosocial risk factors assessed one year prior.
T111 978134-978285 Sentence denotes Method MP was defined by the number of sites for which pain was reported to occur at least "sometimes" in a sample of 2219 German youths (10-17 years).
T112 978286-978294 Sentence denotes Results:
T113 978295-978358 Sentence denotes More than one site of pain was reported by 37% of the children.
T114 978359-978402 Sentence denotes Girls were much more prone to MP than boys.
T115 978403-978567 Sentence denotes A regression model revealed that prior MP, age, gender, internalizing / externalizing symptoms, dysfunctional coping, and watching TV explained 33% of the variance:
T116 978568-978636 Sentence denotes The contribution of the psychosocial factors to the model was small.
T117 978637-978762 Sentence denotes Separate analyses for boys and girls displayed different risk factor profiles and a higher degree of predictability in girls.
T118 978763-978774 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T119 978775-978890 Sentence denotes It is assumed that the variable MP represents a dispositional, rather stable trait conceived as pain vulnerability.
T120 978891-979035 Sentence denotes Most lifecourse research concentrates on how early life factors influence adult health through processes enacting within and across generations.
T121 979036-979137 Sentence denotes Our paper makes the case for the inclusion of adolescence as a distinct stage in life course studies.
T122 979138-979380 Sentence denotes We introduce a model to capture the most important pathways and mechanisms working over adolescence to develop adult health inequalities, and review and include relevant literature to illustrate the evidence for these pathways and mechanisms.
T123 979381-979695 Sentence denotes For each of the four pathways: the health-, the health behaviour-, the relational-and the educational pathway, the paper investigates whether indicators are socially patterned in adolescence, whether they track into adulthood, and whether any socially differential tracking or -vulnerability has been investigated.
T124 979696-980039 Sentence denotes The paper focuses on examples of indicators from each pathway that is prevalent and/or have serious implications for later life: pains, overweight, depression, low physical activity, low fruit/vegetable intake, smoking, alcohol consumption (behavioural indicators), lone parenting, bullying victimization (relational indicators) and education.
T125 980040-980218 Sentence denotes Most health indicators are socially patterned in adolescence and track into adulthood, with higher risks of adverse outcomes among individuals from lower socioeconomic positions.
T126 980219-980269 Sentence denotes Adolescent health behaviours track into adulthood.
T127 980270-980434 Sentence denotes Smoking, physical activity and especially fruit and vegetable intake are socially patterned, while evidence for social patterning of alcohol-use is less consistent.
T128 980435-980626 Sentence denotes Lone parenthood and bullying are socially patterned and track over time, and there are indications of a socially differential vulnerability to the effects of these types of relational strain.
T129 980627-980791 Sentence denotes Very little research has investigated the social patterning over time or studied social vulnerability of most of the above indicators from adolescence to adulthood.
T130 980792-981020 Sentence denotes However, all four mechanisms: socially differential exposure, tracking, socially differential tracking and socially differential vulnerability seem to be active in establishing social differences in adult educational attainment.
T131 981021-981119 Sentence denotes In recent years, there has been increased attention to the impact of trauma on children and youth.
T132 981120-981224 Sentence denotes Evidence suggests that devastating natural disasters (such as hurricanes and bushfires) (La Greca et al.
T133 981225-981565 Sentence denotes 1996; Yelland et al., in press), injuries resulting from motor vehicle and other types of accidents (Meiser-Stedman et al., 2008) , and life-threatening medical conditions such as cancer (Phipps, Jurbergs & Long, 2009 ) are associated with the development posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents.
T134 981566-981738 Sentence denotes Although existing research has focused on mental health reactions of child trauma victims, very little attention has been devoted to the health effects of traumatic events.
T135 981739-981864 Sentence denotes This is especially surprising, in that stress has long been known to affect immune functioning and susceptibility to disease.
T136 981865-982035 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, there has been recent interest in the health effects of children's trauma exposure (Fairbank & Fairbank, 2009) , and this symposium will address this issue.
T137 982036-982128 Sentence denotes The three papers in the symposium address the impact of traumatic stressors on child health.
T138 982129-982241 Sentence denotes Each of the papers in the symposium focuses on different traumatic stressors and their potential health effects.
T139 982242-982446 Sentence denotes The first paper by Kenardy, Anderson, and Le Brocquehus focuses on the predictive value of posttraumatic stress on health outcomes in a large sample of children with mild to severe traumatic brain injury.
T140 982447-982625 Sentence denotes The second paper by La Greca and colleagues will present two recent studies that examined the impact of destructive natural disasters (hurricanes) on children's somatic symptoms.
T141 982626-982779 Sentence denotes Finally, the third presentation by Llabre and Hadi presents data on two studies of the psychological and health consequences of war exposure on children.
T142 982780-982892 Sentence denotes All authors will discuss the implications of their findings for assessing children affected by traumatic events.
T143 982893-983028 Sentence denotes Hierarchical regressions revealed that hurricane experiences accounted for 7.2% of the variance in somatic symptoms at Time 2 (p=.001).
T144 983029-983170 Sentence denotes Time 1 PTSD also predicted Time 2 somatic symptoms (p=.001), but hurricane experiences were not significant when PTSD symptoms were included.
T145 983171-983249 Sentence denotes Major life events added to the prediction of Time 2 somatic symptoms (p<.001).
T146 983250-983364 Sentence denotes Study 2 included 328 children (50% girls; M age=8.72 years) who completed similar measures 9 months post-disaster.
T147 983365-983594 Sentence denotes Using regression to predict somatic symptoms, demographics were entered first (8% of the variance, p<.01); then hurricane-exposure (14% of the variance, p<.001); and finally children's PTSD symptoms (16% of the variance, p<.001).
T148 983595-983729 Sentence denotes In the final step, only PTSD symptoms, child's age (β=−.15) and stressors occurring during the hurricane (β=.11) remained significant.
T149 983730-983826 Sentence denotes These studies are the first to examine health outcomes in children exposed to natural disasters.
T150 983827-983980 Sentence denotes Children exposed to destructive disasters and who experience disaster-related stressors report significant somatic symptoms 9 and 21 months postdisaster.
T151 983981-984118 Sentence denotes Findings suggest that children exposed to natural disasters may be vulnerable in terms of their physical health as well as mental health.
T152 984119-984223 Sentence denotes Further attention the health status of children exposed to natural disasters is important in to address.
T153 984224-984347 Sentence denotes Two studies, conducted in the Middle East, document the psychological and health consequences of war exposure in childhood.
T154 984348-984649 Sentence denotes One study, conducted in Lebanon after the Lebanese-Israeli war in the summer of 2006, included a population-based sample of over 6000 children in grades 1 through 12 who were assessed for multiple exposures, prior exposure, sociodemographic characteristics, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS).
T155 984650-984801 Sentence denotes The prevalence of PTS symptoms was estimated at 27.7% in children who were in grades 1 to 5 and at 26.4% in children and adolescents in grades 6 to 12.
T156 984802-984850 Sentence denotes Specific symptom clusters had higher prevalence.
T157 984851-984935 Sentence denotes Between 41-53% (depending on age) reported difficulty in falling and staying asleep.
T158 984936-984985 Sentence denotes Older age was associated with increased symptoms.
T159 984986-985083 Sentence denotes Past and concurrent exposures to warrelated events were the strongest predictors of PTS symptoms.
T160 985084-985263 Sentence denotes The other study included 151 Kuwaiti children who were 7-10 years old during the first Gulf war, selected for participation based on their level of exposure to war-related events.
T161 985264-985359 Sentence denotes Participants were assessed two years after the war and again as young adults (19-23 years old).
T162 985360-985445 Sentence denotes As adults they reported on their general health, medical diagnoses, and sleep habits.
T163 985446-985541 Sentence denotes At both assessments they reported on symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety.
T164 985542-985698 Sentence denotes A structural model supported the notion that psychological distress mediates the effect of war exposure on self-rated health, quality of sleep, and obesity.
T165 985699-985956 Sentence denotes The session will conclude with a brief discussion with all presenters participating Research on Iraq War veterans who have experienced traumatic brain injuries has found that posttraumatic stress mediated the effect of the brain injuries on health outcomes.
T166 985957-986118 Sentence denotes The aim of this paper is to explore the predictive value of posttraumatic stress on health outcomes in children with mild to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
T167 986119-986202 Sentence denotes 204 children aged 6 to 14 years were recruited after admission to hospital for TBI.
T168 986203-986289 Sentence denotes Participants were followed before 2 months and at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months post injury.
T169 986290-986372 Sentence denotes Posttraumatic stress was identified via a structured clinical interview (CAPS-CA).
T170 986373-986446 Sentence denotes Health outcomes were assessed using the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ).
T171 986447-986521 Sentence denotes The presence of PTSD was found to be unrelated to the severity of the TBI.
T172 986522-986667 Sentence denotes After accounting for the severity of the TBI, PTSD was associated with longer recovery times over the 18 months as assessed by physical outcomes.
T173 986668-986768 Sentence denotes Of greater concern PTSD was associated with a lack of recovery as assessed by psychosocial outcomes.
T174 986769-986858 Sentence denotes This has significant implications for the assessment and rehabilitation of pediatric TBI.
T175 986859-986922 Sentence denotes Subjective health complaints, modern health worries and coping.
T176 986923-987262 Sentence denotes Camilla Ihlebaek Terms like functional somatic illnesses, unexplained medical symptoms, and somatization disorders have been used on a variety of combinations of multiple symptoms, with diagnostic labels such as fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity, chronic fatigue syndrome, and chronic whiplash syndrome.
T177 987263-987473 Sentence denotes These conditions are described by common subjective health complaints such as musculoskeletal pain, gastrointestinal discomfort, tiredness, fatigue, allergic and respiratory complaints, depression, and anxiety.
T178 987474-987540 Sentence denotes Subjective health complaints are common in the general population.
T179 987541-987705 Sentence denotes For most people the complaints are minor everyday nuisance, however for some it becomes substantial and is given a diagnostic label and professional help is needed.
T180 987706-987760 Sentence denotes An important question is why and to whom this happens.
T181 987761-987854 Sentence denotes A possible mechanism for such multiple symptoms could be somatic and cognitive sensitization.
T182 987855-987980 Sentence denotes Furthermore, two cognitive mechanisms that seem to be closely linked to the process of sensitization are worrying and coping.
T183 987981-988054 Sentence denotes There is an increasing interest of health in media and in the population.
T184 988055-988142 Sentence denotes This might lead to worries concerning features of modern life and its affect on health.
T185 988143-988266 Sentence denotes Worrying could play a role by enhancing biased memory and interest of health related information, leading to sensitization.
T186 988267-988378 Sentence denotes Therefore, modern health worries could be associated with health complaints and medically unexplained symptoms.
T187 988379-988552 Sentence denotes Individuals that uses active problem solving coping strategies have been found to have lower levels of subjective health complaints than others in stressful work situations.
T188 988553-988729 Sentence denotes An essential condition for coping to occur is that the individual expects a positive result of the handling of a stressful situation, i.e. positive response outcome expectancy.
T189 988730-988874 Sentence denotes The result of no control of the outcome would be learned helplessness and negative response outcome expectancy could be defined as hopelessness.
T190 988875-988975 Sentence denotes Both hopelessness and helplessness may lead to depression and multiple subjective health complaints.
T191 988976-989101 Sentence denotes In this symposium the relationships between subjective health complaints, modern health worries and coping will be discussed.
T192 989102-989113 Sentence denotes Background:
T193 989114-989317 Sentence denotes Worries about environmental and technical changes affecting people's health have been shown be associated with the use of health care services, health behaviours, mood and reporting of physical symptoms.
T194 989318-989322 Sentence denotes Aim:
T195 989323-989518 Sentence denotes In a representative sample of the German population we examined the relationship of modern health worries to demographic factors. depression, symptom reporting and health-related quality of life.
T196 989519-989527 Sentence denotes Methods:
T197 989528-989761 Sentence denotes 2,524 participants of a representative sample of the German completed the Modern Health Worries Scale, Depression and Somatization Module of the Patient Health Questionnaire, as well as the SF-12 health-related quality of life scale.
T198 989762-989830 Sentence denotes Socioeconomic status and demographic information were also gathered.
T199 989831-989839 Sentence denotes Results:
T200 989840-989955 Sentence denotes Higher levels of modern health worries were found in females but were not associated with income, age or education.
T201 989956-990100 Sentence denotes Higher levels of modern health worries were significantly associated with depression, symptom reporting and lower healthrelated quality of life.
T202 990101-990230 Sentence denotes Hierarchical regression analyses show depression to mediate the relationship between modern health worries and symptom reporting.
T203 990231-990243 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T204 990244-990362 Sentence denotes In a large general population modern health worries were higher in females but unrelated to other demographic factors.
T205 990363-990469 Sentence denotes Depression seems to play a more important role than modern health worries in explaining symptom reporting.
T206 990470-990481 Sentence denotes Background:
T207 990482-990708 Sentence denotes 3 workshops were offered to 367 clinicians working with patients with long term conditions (LTC) (diabetes, COPD, depression and chronic musculoskeletal pain) as a part of The Health Foundation's Co Creating Health Initiative.
T208 990709-990822 Sentence denotes Workshops teach techniques that impact on the clinician-patient relationship and support patient self-management.
T209 990823-990889 Sentence denotes The ADP is co delivered by clinical and a lay tutor who has a LTC.
T210 990890-990895 Sentence denotes Aims:
T211 990896-990999 Sentence denotes Assess the overall effectiveness of the ADP in improving clinicians' self management support practices.
T212 991000-991007 Sentence denotes Method:
T213 991008-991068 Sentence denotes 78 clinicians responded, before and after attending the ADP.
T214 991069-991212 Sentence denotes Self management support (SMS) practices was assessed by the Practices in Self Management Support questionnaire (PSMS) developed by the authors.
T215 991213-991393 Sentence denotes The questionnaire comprises 3 subscales assessing Clinical Self Management Support (CSMS), Patient Centeredness (PC) and Organization of Services to Support Self Management (OSMS).
T216 991394-991470 Sentence denotes We also interviewed 14 completers asking them about their experience of ADP.
T217 991471-991479 Sentence denotes Results:
T218 991480-991608 Sentence denotes Paired T Test results showed that after completing ADP clinicians significantly increased PC practices (t=−1.9; df=75; p= 0.05).
T219 991609-991638 Sentence denotes CSMS and OSMS did not change.
T220 991639-991794 Sentence denotes Interview data showed that the most useful practices were agenda setting, goal setting, exploring ambivalence and assessing patient's confidence to change.
T221 991795-991937 Sentence denotes Time restrictions and lack of systems in place to support self management on organizational level are considered the biggest barriers for SMS.
T222 991938-992008 Sentence denotes Conclusion: ADP training effectively builds clinicians' SMS practices.
T223 992009-992185 Sentence denotes Further research is necessary to establish whether applying those practices in clinical consultations influence patients' engagement in self managing their long term condition.
T224 992186-992401 Sentence denotes A husband's neglecting/abandoning her if diagnosed with breast cancer is a woman's greatest fear and barrier to screening/early detection, a major reason for rising breast cancer morbidity and mortality in Malaysia.
T225 992402-992511 Sentence denotes Thus, MENCARE!, focusing on men advocates to empower women for breast cancer screening, has been implemented.
T226 992512-992630 Sentence denotes MENCARE! trains men working in public and private corporations to provide support for women's breast cancer screening.
T227 992631-992926 Sentence denotes Project effectiveness was evaluated by assessing changes in policies and procedures in one public agency and changes in men's knowledge, attitudes on breast cancer, and actions to support women's breast cancer screening, using multistage pre & post advocacy evaluation design with mixed Methods:
T228 992927-993076 Sentence denotes One month and one year post-training evaluation of 75 male advocates through questionnaire surveys and 3 focus group discussion (FDG) were conducted.
T229 993077-993171 Sentence denotes In-depth interviews were conducted with 5 management personnel pre and one-year post advocacy.
T230 993172-993358 Sentence denotes Organisationally, while existing health package within the agency still did not include breast cancer screening, it would support all cancer treatment 100% at the one year post-advocacy.
T231 993359-993595 Sentence denotes The flexible time-off procedure for male staff needing to support spouse/family for breast cancer screening continued a year later. "Many of them have gone for screening" was observed by one personnel interviewed one year post-advocacy.
T232 993596-993680 Sentence denotes Request for a mobile mammography clinic on-site was made by management a year later.
T233 993681-993814 Sentence denotes Individually, the training increased male staff's knowledge of breast health, cancer and screening in certain though not all aspects.
T234 993815-994008 Sentence denotes The training increased their willingness to be involved in all types of support for women: to discuss/motivate women to get early and complete treatment, to prepare types and levels of support.
T235 994009-994282 Sentence denotes Yet, men expressed some problems: lack of awareness/ exposure to what is commonly regarded as a women's disease/ problem; embarrassed to talk about women's breasts; lack of screening facilities and medical insurance, especially in rural areas; and men's busy work schedule.
T236 994283-994593 Sentence denotes Buying in of public or private corporations and targeting male support at the work-place appears strategic in addressing women's delayed or low uptake of breast cancer screening through changes in organisational policies and procedures as well as individual changes in knowledge, attitudes and support actions.
T237 994594-994788 Sentence denotes Once a health intervention is proven effective at a technical level, the steps required to generate a delivery system that produces positive health outcomes are nontrivial and poorly understood.
T238 994789-994916 Sentence denotes For governments, the political environment often precludes experimentation or data-driven decision-making at the program level.
T239 994917-995028 Sentence denotes Particularly in HIV, the political processes often fail to serve those most at risk, the socially marginalized.
T240 995029-995418 Sentence denotes We explore the Bill and Melinda Gates' Foundation's novel approach of building a large-scale HIV prevention program in India, called the Avahan Initiative, through partnerships with NGOs, small-scale delivery experiments and rigorous data collection, to then transition to the government, to understand its effectiveness as a strategy to yield scientific programming and policy nationally.
T241 995419-995544 Sentence denotes In 2009, we interviewed over 70 stakeholders, including key decision-makers at the government, Avahan, and implementing NGOs.
T242 995545-995641 Sentence denotes Fieldwork also included site visits to various programs and interactions with community members.
T243 995642-995697 Sentence denotes Data included costing and organizational level metrics.
T244 995698-995951 Sentence denotes Commonly mentioned distinctions between Avahan's approach and that of other aid organization and the public sector, include: depth and application of data, capacity building of local NGOs, financing mechanisms, and intensiveness of technical assistance.
T245 995952-996091 Sentence denotes Avahan's decisions around how to interact with other key players in HIV in India featured prominently in discussions around sustainability.
T246 996092-996198 Sentence denotes Many of Avahan's strategies, metrics and programmatic structures have been adopted as national guidelines.
T247 996199-996301 Sentence denotes Assessments of the feasibility and logic of the transition strategy varied widely across stakeholders.
T248 996302-996523 Sentence denotes Though it is premature to assess the success of Avahan's transition strategy, our research suggests that it achieved and maintained an effective HIV prevention program and has influenced governmental policy significantly.
T249 996524-996680 Sentence denotes Large-scale NGOs may be well positioned to conduct iterative delivery experiments and ensure that governments adopt and promote robust public health models.
T250 996681-996692 Sentence denotes Background:
T251 996693-996766 Sentence denotes Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a major preventable cause of death and disease.
T252 996767-996898 Sentence denotes Many countries have enacted laws banning smoking in public places as part of their strategy to decrease the ill effects of smoking.
T253 996899-997031 Sentence denotes In some countries this strategy appears to be successful in reducing smoking and in reducing levels of non-smoker's exposure to SHS.
T254 997032-997151 Sentence denotes In recent years some countries have banned smoking in pubs and bars, the last public venues where it was still allowed.
T255 997152-997235 Sentence denotes Subsequent studies measuring SHS have shown dramatic drop in SHS following the ban.
T256 997236-997364 Sentence denotes In 1983, a law banning smoking in public places in Israel was enacted and amendments to the basic law were added over the years.
T257 997365-997497 Sentence denotes The latest amendment came into effect in 2007, adding pubs and bars to the list of public places in which it is prohibited to smoke.
T258 997498-997508 Sentence denotes Objective:
T259 997509-997653 Sentence denotes To measure the adherence of bars and pubs with the law banning smoking in them, and to identify variables that may predict adherence to the law.
T260 997654-997662 Sentence denotes Methods:
T261 997663-997844 Sentence denotes This study includes data collection from two sources. (1) Passive airborne nicotine monitoring devices used to measure indoor SHS in pubs and bars in about 20 Jewish-Israeli cities.
T262 997845-997963 Sentence denotes (2) Face-to-face interviews with bar owners were conducted to identify variables predicting implementation of the law.
T263 997964-997972 Sentence denotes Results:
T264 997973-998150 Sentence denotes Two years after the Israeli smoke-free law has come into effect levels of SHS in most of the pubs and bars remains relatively high, however, in some bars the ban is implemented.
T265 998151-998311 Sentence denotes Smoking and SHS is higher in bars and pubs in cities where the city-hall does not enforce the law by sending inspectors to inspect bars and pubs and give fines.
T266 998312-998375 Sentence denotes Bar owners respond directly to the chances of receiving a fine.
T267 998376-998388 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T268 998389-998512 Sentence denotes Although Israeli non-smoking legislation is progressive, enforcement is lacking, and smoking in public places still exists.
T269 998513-998752 Sentence denotes Law enforcement is the responsibility of the local authorities, however, not enough has been done to enforce the law and city-halls should be encouraged to enforce the law more successfully as this has a profound effect on SHS in the pubs.
T270 998753-998764 Sentence denotes Background:
T271 998765-998865 Sentence denotes Stress is a consequence of different types of stressors that all separately are associated with IHD.
T272 998866-999035 Sentence denotes It has not been investigated whether the impact of stress on IHD is similar for all kinds of stressors or whether accumulation of stressors increases the risk of IHD/MI.
T273 999036-999046 Sentence denotes Objective:
T274 999047-999174 Sentence denotes To study the effect of individual and cumulative psychosocial stressors on the risk of incident IHD and MI among men and women.
T275 999175-999184 Sentence denotes Material:
T276 999185-999531 Sentence denotes In 1991-3 a random sample of 9,599 participants, 57 % women, from the Copenhagen City Heart Study answered a range of questions on major life events (LE) in childhood, adulthood and at work, vital exhaustion, lack of social network and daily use of psychotropic medication and were followed in a nationwide hospital discharge register until 2007.
T277 999532-999540 Sentence denotes Results:
T278 999541-999613 Sentence denotes During follow-up 257 experienced an event of MI and 714 an event of IHD.
T279 999614-999883 Sentence denotes The hazard ratio of IHD among those exposed to life events both in adulthood and at work was HR 1.25 (CI 95% 0.9-1.7), whereas no association was found between life events in childhood, adulthood or work-related, respectively, nor for all three types of LE accumulated.
T280 999884-1000031 Sentence denotes The association between Vital Exhaustion ≥10 and IHD was HR 1.79 (1.3-2.4), and people lacking a close confident had a HR of IHD of 1.73 (1.0-2.9).
T281 1000032-1000064 Sentence denotes We found no association with MI.
T282 1000065-1000239 Sentence denotes By means of logistic regression we found an association between accumulated LE in child-, adulthood and work-related and Vital Exhaustion ≥10 with an OR 11.9 (CI 95% 7.8-18).
T283 1000240-1000331 Sentence denotes The association between accumulated LE and lack of a close confident was OR 4.52 (2.2-9.2).
T284 1000332-1000382 Sentence denotes We were unable to elucidate any gender difference.
T285 1000383-1000394 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T286 1000395-1000579 Sentence denotes In this population-based cohort study we found that neither Individual nor accumulated LE are associated with IHD/MI, but are associated with other psychosocial risk factors of IHD/MI.
T287 1000580-1000591 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T288 1000592-1000825 Sentence denotes To test if health beliefs mediate the relation between family history of coronary heart disease (CHD) and 10-year CHD incidence in a large population-based sample of Canadians (n= 2,688), controlling for established CHD risk factors.
T289 1000826-1000964 Sentence denotes Background: CHD is the leading cause of death in the United States today, with family history (FH) long known as an important risk factor.
T290 1000965-1001166 Sentence denotes We tested the hypothesis that those who believe that CHD is not preventable, possibly because they have a positive FH, do not alter their health behavior (in this case exercise) to be cardioprotective.
T291 1001167-1001175 Sentence denotes Methods:
T292 1001176-1001322 Sentence denotes Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of FH, preventability belief, and exercise for incident CHD.
T293 1001323-1001542 Sentence denotes We first constructed a baseline Cox proportional hazards regression model of the association between incident CHD and FH controlling for age at baseline and Framingham risk score (an index of standard CHD risk factors).
T294 1001543-1001754 Sentence denotes We then constructed a second Cox proportional hazards regression model to test if preventability belief was related to FH and a third model to test if belief could be viewed as a mediator of the FH-CHD relation.
T295 1001755-1001859 Sentence denotes Finally we evaluated if the preventability belief-CHD relation was itself mediated by exercise .Results:
T296 1001860-1002105 Sentence denotes Preventability belief was correlated with family history for both genders (β=.724, 95% confidence interval [CI] .592-.885, p<.005), with those that had a family history of heart disease less likely to believe that heart disease can be prevented.
T297 1002106-1002246 Sentence denotes Preventability belief was also found to be a mediator between family history and CHD, but for women only (β=2.51, 95% CI 1.65-3.80, p<.001).
T298 1002247-1002374 Sentence denotes Finally exercise mediated this relation, again for women only (β=− .868, HR=.420, 95% CI (HR) 0.770 -0.907, p<.001) Conclusion:
T299 1002375-1002562 Sentence denotes Health belief in the preventability of CHD was found to be an important mediator in the relation between family history of CHD and incident CHD in women because of its effect on exercise.
T300 1002563-1002646 Sentence denotes Heart failure (HF) affects millions of individuals and is increasing in prevalence.
T301 1002647-1002726 Sentence denotes Close to a third of HF patients exhibit clinical levels of depressive symptoms.
T302 1002727-1002804 Sentence denotes In turn, depression is associated with greater morbidity and mortality in HF.
T303 1002805-1002875 Sentence denotes The mechanisms linking depression and worse outcome in HF are unclear.
T304 1002876-1003009 Sentence denotes One suggested pathway links depression with heightened inflammation that may then be related to undesirable cardiac remodeling in HF.
T305 1003010-1003127 Sentence denotes However, there have been mixed results in the literature connecting depression with inflammation in cardiac patients.
T306 1003128-1003136 Sentence denotes Methods:
T307 1003137-1003308 Sentence denotes The present study attempts to further delineate relations between depression and inflammatory markers in HF patients by using an exercise task to unmask group differences.
T308 1003309-1003482 Sentence denotes Further, components of depression were examined separately to determine if inflammatory markers were differentially associated with somatic or cognitive depression symptoms.
T309 1003483-1003702 Sentence denotes 40 NYHA II-IV HF patients and 35 healthy controls performed a moderate 20-min bicycle exercise task and completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), sub-categorized into somatic (BDI-s) and cognitive (BDI-c) symptoms.
T310 1003703-1003785 Sentence denotes Plasma levels of IL-6 were measured at baseline, 10 min and 30 min after exercise.
T311 1003786-1003894 Sentence denotes Repeated measures ANCOVA were performed, controlling for age, gender, body mass index and physical function.
T312 1003895-1003903 Sentence denotes Results:
T313 1003904-1004107 Sentence denotes Both HF patients and controls with elevated BDI-s exhibited higher plasma levels of IL-6 at baseline, which remained elevated until 30 min post-exercise task (time x BDI-s effect, F(8, 65)=4.16, p=.045).
T314 1004108-1004191 Sentence denotes Meanwhile, those with lower BDI-s had reduced IL-6 levels across the entire period.
T315 1004192-1004430 Sentence denotes In contrast, elevated BDI-c symptoms were associated with low IL-6 at baseline in both HF and non-HF groups, but then an increase in IL-6 in the non-HF controls by 30 min post-exercise (group x time x BDI-c effect, F(8,65) = 7.6, p=.007).
T316 1004431-1004443 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T317 1004444-1004658 Sentence denotes Elevated IL-6 levels until 30-min post task were associated with heightened somatic symptoms of depression, whereas HF patients with elevated cognitive symptoms had lower levels of IL-6 through 30 minpost exercise.
T318 1004659-1004871 Sentence denotes By further understanding the components of depression associated with elevated inflammatory markers, interventions may be developed to specifically address symptoms of depression that may worsen cardiac outcomes.
T319 1004872-1005022 Sentence denotes Psychosocial factors are independently related to cardiovascular disease outcomes, but less is known about the effect of these factors on stroke risk.
T320 1005023-1005146 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of multiple psychosocial factors on stroke mortality in older adults.
T321 1005147-1005337 Sentence denotes Participants included 3,656 adults (59.9% African American, 40.1% non-Hispanic white; 61.2% female) with a mean (SD) age of 77.0 (6.2) years from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP).
T322 1005338-1005453 Sentence denotes CHAP is an ongoing, longitudinal study of risk for Alzheimer's Disease and other chronic conditions of the elderly.
T323 1005454-1005610 Sentence denotes Mortality was ascertained through 12/31/05 and verified by data from the National Death Index; over 7.7 years of followup, 76 fatal strokes were identified.
T324 1005611-1005928 Sentence denotes Prior principal component analysis on nine psychosocial questionnaires revealed three primary factors related to distress (depression, neuroticism, perceived stress, life satisfaction), social connectivity (social engagement, spirituality, social networks), and unfair treatment (hostility, perceived discrimination).
T325 1005929-1006033 Sentence denotes Factor scores were computed by summing individual z-scores for each questionnaire loading on the factor.
T326 1006034-1006215 Sentence denotes Cox models were conducted for each factor score adjusting for age, race, sex, education, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, physical activity, smoking and chronic conditions.
T327 1006216-1006345 Sentence denotes Each 1-point higher distress score related to a significant 10% increase in stroke mortality [HR=1.10; 95% CI=1.03-1.18; p<.008].
T328 1006346-1006411 Sentence denotes Results were unchanged further controlling for history of stroke.
T329 1006412-1006503 Sentence denotes There were no main effects of social connectivity and unfair treatment on stroke mortality.
T330 1006504-1006700 Sentence denotes In this cohort of elderly African American and non-Hispanic white adults, higher levels of distress contributed significantly to greater risk of dying from stroke over nearly 8 years of follow-up.
T331 1006701-1006819 Sentence denotes Additional research is needed to identify mechanisms underlying the association between distress and stroke mortality.
T332 1006820-1006946 Sentence denotes There is an increasing research interest on the positive psychosocial factors that are assumed to maintain and enhance health.
T333 1006947-1007074 Sentence denotes However, there is discussion whether positive and negative constructs are separate or bipolar opposites of the same phenomenon.
T334 1007075-1007201 Sentence denotes High sense of coherence (SOC) refers to a dispositional orientation that includes flexible and adaptive coping with stressors.
T335 1007202-1007349 Sentence denotes We examine the relationships between SOC and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and compare these results with a negative construct, depressive symptoms.
T336 1007350-1007512 Sentence denotes Participants included men (N=3850) and women (N=4083) aged 25-74 years who had participated in risk factor surveys (The FINRISK Study) conducted in 1992 and 1997.
T337 1007513-1007551 Sentence denotes SOC was measures with a 13-item scale.
T338 1007552-1007673 Sentence denotes Depressive symptoms were measured with the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and had correlation of -0.60 with SOC.
T339 1007674-1007749 Sentence denotes Incident CVD and IHD were derived from hospital records/death certificates.
T340 1007750-1007814 Sentence denotes Subjects with a history of CVD or IHD at baseline were excluded.
T341 1007815-1007906 Sentence denotes During a ten-to 15-year follow-up there were 397 nonfatal and fatal CVD and 219 IHD events.
T342 1007907-1008132 Sentence denotes The 2nd SOC tertile had a higher risk of CVD (RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.03-1.69) than the highest SOC tertile after adjustment for age, gender, education, smoking, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol and alcohol consumption.
T343 1008133-1008296 Sentence denotes The highest BDI tertile (RR 1.31; 1.01-1.70) had a higher risk for CVD compared to the lowest BDI tertile after adjustment for age, gender, education, and smoking.
T344 1008297-1008456 Sentence denotes The second SOC tertile had a higher risk of CVD (RR 1.34; 1.04-1.72) in the age-adjusted model but BDI tertiles in the same model did not differ significantly.
T345 1008457-1008504 Sentence denotes Neither SOC nor BDI were related to IHD events.
T346 1008505-1008572 Sentence denotes Sense of coherence was related to CVD events but not to IHD events.
T347 1008573-1008654 Sentence denotes However, the association was not linear as was the case with depressive symptoms.
T348 1008655-1008778 Sentence denotes Further studies on psychosocial factors in CVD could benefit from parallel comparisons of positive and negative constructs.
T349 1008779-1008789 Sentence denotes Objective:
T350 1008790-1008938 Sentence denotes Besides general accepted complications, diabetesrelated symptom distress is an important outcome measure to understand the total burden of diabetes.
T351 1008939-1009050 Sentence denotes Besides, diabetes-distress severity contributes to the variation in different aspects of quality of life (QOL).
T352 1009051-1009190 Sentence denotes We investigated the longitudinal relationship of diabetes-related symptom distress among elderly with type 2 diabetes over a 7-year period.
T1 1009191-1009219 Sentence denotes Research design and methods:
T2 1009220-1009359 Sentence denotes The Hoorn Study is a prospective population based cohort study (2000/01 and 2007/08) among elderly in the region of Hoorn, The Netherlands.
T3 1009360-1009487 Sentence denotes Complete data on glucose metabolism and diabetes-related symptom distress for both measurements were available for 34 subjects.
T4 1009488-1009765 Sentence denotes Changes in total diabetes-related symptom distress and 8 subgroups (psychological fatigue, cognitive, neuropathic pain, sensoric, cardiovascular, ophthalmological, hypoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic distress) were assed by the validated Type 2 Diabetes Symptom Checklist (DSC-R).
T5 1009766-1009774 Sentence denotes Results:
T6 1009775-1009964 Sentence denotes Crude analyses showed an increase in total symptom distress (range 0-100) over time, especially in the subgroup psychological fatigue (mean difference 7.90 (95% CI; -0.66 -16.47) p, 0.069).
T7 1009965-1010009 Sentence denotes However, these results were not significant.
T8 1010010-1010021 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T9 1010022-1010124 Sentence denotes Due to missing power we were not able to detect significant differences over time in symptom-distress.
T10 1010125-1010268 Sentence denotes Further research is needed in larger sample size with inclusion of potential and reasonable influences of co-morbidities and diabetestreatment.
T11 1010269-1010282 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T12 1010283-1010428 Sentence denotes Food insecurity is the limited/uncertain availability, access to or ability to acquire nutritionally-adequate, culturallyrelevant and safe foods.
T13 1010429-1010588 Sentence denotes Adults suffering from food insecurity are at risk of inadequate nutrient intakes or, paradoxically, overweight/ obesity and the development of chronic disease.
T14 1010589-1010775 Sentence denotes Despite the global financial crisis and rising costs of living, there are few studies investigating the potential dietary consequences of food insecurity among the Australian population.
T15 1010776-1010986 Sentence denotes This study examined whether food insecurity was associated with weight status and poorer intakes of fruits, vegetable and takeaway foods among adults residing in socioeconomically-disadvantaged urbanised areas.
T16 1010987-1010995 Sentence denotes Methods:
T17 1010996-1011152 Sentence denotes In this cross-sectional study, a random sample of residents (n=1000) were selected from the most disadvantaged suburbs of Brisbane city (response rate 51%).
T18 1011153-1011361 Sentence denotes Data were collected by postal questionnaire which ascertained information on sociodemographic information, household food security status, height, weight, fruit and vegetable intakes and takeaway consumption.
T19 1011362-1011422 Sentence denotes Data were analysed using chi-square and logistic regression.
T20 1011423-1011431 Sentence denotes Results:
T21 1011432-1011482 Sentence denotes The overall prevalence of food insecurity was 31%.
T22 1011483-1011556 Sentence denotes Food insecurity was not associated with weight status among men or women.
T23 1011557-1011661 Sentence denotes Associations between food security status and potential dietary consequences differed for men and women.
T24 1011662-1011765 Sentence denotes Among women, food security was not associated with intakes of fruit, vegetable or takeaway consumption.
T25 1011766-1012026 Sentence denotes Contrastingly, among men food security was associated with vegetable intakes and consumption of takeaway food: men reporting food insecurity had lower intakes of vegetables and were more likely to consume takeaway foods compared to those that were food secure.
T26 1012027-1012038 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T27 1012039-1012257 Sentence denotes Food security is an important public health issue in Australia and has potential dietary consequences that may adversely affect the health of food-insecure groups, most notably men residing in food-insecure households.
T28 1012258-1012269 Sentence denotes Background:
T29 1012270-1012419 Sentence denotes Pakistani immigrants living in Oslo, Norway, have a high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there are few data on risk factors for the disease.
T30 1012420-1012424 Sentence denotes Aim:
T31 1012425-1012588 Sentence denotes To study the distribution of, and association between, physiological and psychological risk factors for T2D in a group of Pakistani immigrant women living in Oslo.
T32 1012589-1012597 Sentence denotes Methods:
T33 1012598-1012806 Sentence denotes Female Pakistani immigrants (n=198, aged 25 to 63 years) with increased risk of, or newly diagnosed T2D were interviewed to give information on diet, physical activity, and demographic and psychological data.
T34 1012807-1012856 Sentence denotes Anthropometric and blood data were also obtained.
T35 1012857-1013017 Sentence denotes Additionally, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and maximum heart rate and level of physical activity were recorded, using SenseWear Armband.
T36 1013018-1013026 Sentence denotes Results:
T37 1013027-1013171 Sentence denotes Ninety eight % had body mass index (BMI) values higher than the IDF recommendation for South-Asians (BMI>23 kg/m2) and 39 % were obese (BMI≥30).
T38 1013172-1013243 Sentence denotes Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was found in 37.4 % and T2D in 12.6 %.
T39 1013244-1013324 Sentence denotes The participants had low energy expenditure, despite acceptable number of steps.
T40 1013325-1013431 Sentence denotes According to the "Findrisk" and "Indian risk scores", 29 % and 89 %, respectively, had a high risk of T2D.
T41 1013432-1013588 Sentence denotes Subjects with the metabolic syndrome reported more pain, reduced physical functioning and more subjective health complaints than those without the syndrome.
T42 1013589-1013687 Sentence denotes Conclusions: T2D risk factors are prevalent in young, female Pakistani immigrants in Oslo, Norway.
T43 1013688-1013819 Sentence denotes It is not known whether the positive effect of breast feeding on child physical health extends into adult psychological adjustment.
T44 1013820-1014157 Sentence denotes We examined changes in the social distribution of breast feeding and its effect on adult psychological well-being through the pathway of childhood psychological health by using the available cases from the National Child Developmental Study (NCDS, N= 7,750, born in 1958 ) and the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70, N=6,492 born in 1970 .
T45 1014158-1014262 Sentence denotes Psychological well-being was defined in terms of measures of self-efficacy and psychological ill-health.
T46 1014263-1014440 Sentence denotes Childhood adversity was measured by a dichotomised index created after tabulating information about parenthood, mother's age, mother's education, and presence of older siblings.
T47 1014441-1014596 Sentence denotes Childhood psychosocial adjustment was measured by the Bristol Social Adjustment Guides for the NCDS and the Rutter scale graded by a teacher for the BCS70.
T48 1014597-1014788 Sentence denotes We used logistic regression to test if there was an effect of breastfeeding on adult psychological well-being over and above the effects of adversity and psychosocial adjustment in childhood.
T49 1014789-1014847 Sentence denotes The effect of breastfeeding appears to be gender specific.
T50 1014848-1014974 Sentence denotes Findings showed that the magnitude of the effect of breastfeeding on psychological well-being was larger in women than in men.
T51 1014975-1015160 Sentence denotes After accounting for the effect of childhood social adversity, breastfeed- Hormonal methods of contraception are highly effective, but in some users unscheduled vaginal bleeding occurs.
T52 1015161-1015293 Sentence denotes If this is judged unacceptable it can lead to discontinuation, and hence risk of unwanted pregnancy and wasted health care resource.
T53 1015294-1015464 Sentence denotes Data from a trial (where test drug had no consistent effect on bleeding) will be utilised to explore acceptability to women of differing patterns of unscheduled bleeding.
T54 1015465-1015473 Sentence denotes Methods:
T55 1015474-1015690 Sentence denotes Further analysis of data from a double-blind RCT (funded by NICHD), comparing intermittently administered antiprogestin CBD2914 with placebo, involving 136 new users of an hormonal intrauterine contraceptive implant.
T56 1015691-1015775 Sentence denotes Six month follow-up comprised daily bleeding diaries and questionnaires at 3 points.
T57 1015776-1015784 Sentence denotes Results:
T58 1015785-1015922 Sentence denotes Days bleeding/spotting decreased markedly across the study, from 65% of days in the first three weeks to 32% in the last block (p<0.001).
T59 1015923-1016060 Sentence denotes Side effects most commonly reported at 6 months were irregular bleeding (40%), mood swings (22%), bloating (21%) and skin problems (20%).
T60 1016061-1016228 Sentence denotes By study end, 4 women had had removal of implant, and 10 were considering this in the near future, with main reasons given as weight gain (2 & 2), and bleeding (0, 2).
T61 1016229-1016323 Sentence denotes Pattern of bleeding was reported as worrying by 40%, and more inconvenient than before by 41%.
T62 1016324-1016620 Sentence denotes Total days bleeding was more strongly associated with 'worrying' than 'more inconvenient', which might be more strongly related to pattern, or individual propensity/tolerance, given that at baseline 26% of women reported having previously stopped a method of contraception for irregular bleeding.
T63 1016621-1016912 Sentence denotes Total days bleeding was most strongly associated with reporting, as more problematic than before insertion, bleeding outside menstrual period, too many days bleeding, interruption to sex life, interruption to daily life, irregular periods, extra washing, and 'lose too much blood' (p<0.001).
T64 1016913-1016960 Sentence denotes Further descriptive analyses will be presented.
T65 1016961-1016972 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T66 1016973-1017146 Sentence denotes Better understanding is needed of women's judgements regarding unscheduled bleeding, and other side-effects, so as to discuss concerns and develop appropriate interventions.
T67 1017147-1017380 Sentence denotes Although gender-role related personality traits agency and communion are positively related to psychological adjustment and physical health in both sexes, they have rarely been studied in the context of health behavior interventions.
T68 1017381-1017506 Sentence denotes However, both might contribute to health goal attainment, potentially interplaying with domain-specific psychosocial factors:
T69 1017507-1017631 Sentence denotes Agency, mediated by health-related self-efficacy, and communion, moderated by available social support for the goal at hand.
T70 1017632-1017785 Sentence denotes We tested these hypotheses among the participants (N =385; women 73.2%, men 26.8%) of the GOAL Lifestyle Implementation Trial to prevent type 2 diabetes.
T71 1017786-1017912 Sentence denotes Health-related self-efficacy was measured at baseline (T1) and after the intensive phase of the intervention at 3 months (T2).
T72 1017913-1017990 Sentence denotes Perceived social support received during the intervention was measured at T2.
T73 1017991-1018115 Sentence denotes Waist circumference, indicator of abdominal overweight, was measured at T1, at one-year (T3) and three-year (T4) follow-ups.
T74 1018116-1018206 Sentence denotes Agency and communion were measured at T4 with the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ).
T75 1018207-1018442 Sentence denotes Among women, higher agency was associated with a greater likelihood of at least 5% waist circumference reduction (WCR) by T3 (OR=2.70, CI 95% 1.19-6.15); among men, the association was reversed (but only marginally significant p=.057).
T76 1018443-1018574 Sentence denotes Further analyses in women's sample showed that agency and increase in self-efficacy independently predicted T1-T3 WCR (both p<.05).
T77 1018575-1018679 Sentence denotes High communion was associated with WCR when social support was high (p-value for interaction term=.034).
T78 1018680-1018758 Sentence denotes T1-T4 WCR was only predicted by T1-T2 self-efficacy increase (β=−.17, p=.024).
T79 1018759-1018930 Sentence denotes One plausible explanation of the results is that agentic women are more successful at weight loss because they are less affected by feminine self-sacrificing role demands.
T80 1018931-1019078 Sentence denotes However, also communal women, sensitive to their social environment, succeed well when backed up by social support for their personal goal pursuit.
T81 1019079-1019249 Sentence denotes African-Americans experience disparately high rates of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI); these rates are increasing among rural drug-using communities.
T82 1019250-1019358 Sentence denotes However, sexual risk reduction interventions for drug users have traditionally focused on urban populations.
T83 1019359-1019562 Sentence denotes We used qualitative techniques to understand rural African-American cocaine users' perspectives on sexual risk and HIV/STI so that we could tailor an existing intervention to this underserved population.
T84 1019563-1019744 Sentence denotes Using purposive sampling, 40 African-American cocaine users from two rural towns were recruited to participate in four focus groups, which were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim.
T85 1019745-1019827 Sentence denotes Three investigators coded the data using content analysis and constant comparison.
T86 1019828-1019935 Sentence denotes Three major themes emerged: HIV knowledge and beliefs, selling & buying sex, and perceptions of condom use.
T87 1019936-1020034 Sentence denotes Participants held many inaccurate beliefs about HIV, including how to identify high-risk partners.
T88 1020035-1020173 Sentence denotes Attitudes about HIV testing varied by gender, with women being more accepting; however, most were doubtful about effective HIV treatments.
T89 1020174-1020356 Sentence denotes Most participants had complex beliefs about trading sex, with "survival sex" seen as acceptable but "tricking for drugs" as unacceptable, despite reports that both types were common.
T90 1020357-1020471 Sentence denotes Both men and women were socially classified as "dirty" or "nasty" based in large part on sexual trading behaviors.
T91 1020472-1020607 Sentence denotes Participants viewed condoms as protective against HIV and STI, but also reported strong resistance to condom use by both men and women.
T92 1020608-1020729 Sentence denotes They reported using hygiene as a proxy for gauging a potential partner's risk and therefore the importance of condom use.
T93 1020730-1020907 Sentence denotes Significant knowledge deficits, high-risk beliefs, and social pressures appear to converge on rural African-American cocaine users and contribute to increased HIV and STI rates.
T94 1020908-1021045 Sentence denotes These findings were incorporated into a social cognitive theory-based intervention to address these challenges and reduce risk behaviors.
T95 1021046-1021140 Sentence denotes The growing amount of youth in the United States living with HIV/AIDS is a persistent problem.
T96 1021141-1021362 Sentence denotes Not only has the number of newly infected 15 to 29 year olds consistently increased over the last decade, the emergence of antiretroviral therapy has meant that those born with HIV are growing into adolescence and beyond.
T97 1021363-1021459 Sentence denotes Consequently, HIV/AIDS is now being treated more like a chronic illness than a terminal disease.
T98 1021460-1021742 Sentence denotes While much focus has been paid to identifying the specific factors that place individuals at risk for acquiring or transmitting HIV, little attention has been directed toward those behaviors that help promote health in the existing population of young people living with HIV (YPLH).
T99 1021743-1021808 Sentence denotes These health protective behaviors can assist in prolonging lives.
T100 1021809-1022000 Sentence denotes The preliminary data being presented here includes ninety-one participants who have completed their initial visits of a study assessing coping styles as predictors of adherence in urban YPLH.
T101 1022001-1022103 Sentence denotes The sample was recruited from two clinics that serve adolescents with perinatal and risk-acquired HIV.
T102 1022104-1022142 Sentence denotes The youth range from age 13 -22 years.
T103 1022143-1022277 Sentence denotes Specific health protective behaviors were identified that either help promote immune functioning or delay disease progression in YPLH.
T104 1022278-1022415 Sentence denotes Study participants responded to questions regarding their diet/nutrition, exercise, sleep habits and taking of multivitamins/supplements.
T105 1022416-1022494 Sentence denotes Results highlighted some health protective behavior areas of promise and need.
T106 1022495-1022606 Sentence denotes Most respondents reported eating vegetables and fruit "some days" of the week (71.4 % and 76.9 % respectively).
T107 1022607-1022726 Sentence denotes In the month prior to baseline, Male injecting drug users (IDU) play a key role in the spread of HIV in mainland China.
T108 1022727-1022820 Sentence denotes They face double risk of HIV acquisition through drug using as well as sexual risk behaviors.
T109 1022821-1022967 Sentence denotes They also may form a ëbridgeí for transmission of HIV between high risk and low-risk populations such as their non-drug-using female sex partners.
T110 1022968-1023081 Sentence denotes Better understanding of the underlying factors of their sexual behaviors is of critical public health importance.
T111 1023082-1023262 Sentence denotes The present study examined factors in association with condom use intention among Chinese male IDU, using the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) as a basic conceptual framework.
T112 1023263-1023558 Sentence denotes An anonymous crosssectional survey, measuring background characteristics and specific constructs of the motivational phase of HAPA (conditional sexual risk perceptions (acquisition as well as transmission to others), self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and behavioral intention), was conducted.
T113 1023559-1023704 Sentence denotes Data obtained from 243 non-institutionalized Chinese male IDU with an exclusive female regular sex partner (RSP) in mainland China were reported.
T114 1023705-1023756 Sentence denotes Of the respondents, the mean age was 35.2 (SD=5.7).
T115 1023757-1024021 Sentence denotes Seventy percent received junior high education or less, 51% were currently married, 54.7% injected drugs for 5 years or more, 13.6% had shared syringes or injection paraphernalia with others and 85.6% did not use condoms consistently with RSP in the last 6 months.
T116 1024022-1024267 Sentence denotes In line with the HAPA, perceived risk of contracting HIV from RSP (Beta=0.23, p<0.05), condom use negative outcome expectancies (Beta=-0.37, p<0.001), and condom use self efficacy (Beta=0.21, p<0.001) predicted intention to use condoms with RSP.
T117 1024268-1024387 Sentence denotes Neither perceived risk of transmitting HIV to RSP or condom use positive outcome expectancies were significant factors.
T118 1024388-1024504 Sentence denotes For the first time, support for the use of HAPA to understand condom use behaviors among Chinese male IDU was found.
T119 1024505-1024578 Sentence denotes Study findings inform future design of theorybased intervention programs.
T120 1024579-1024639 Sentence denotes only 32% reported eating fast food one or more times a week.
T121 1024640-1024736 Sentence denotes More than half of the youth (50.6%) had at least 20 minutes of exercise less than 3 days a week.
T122 1024737-1024823 Sentence denotes While a third of the group (33%/ 30 pts) walked briskly for at least 10 minutes daily.
T123 1024824-1024950 Sentence denotes On the other hand, almost all participants reported eating candy, chips or cookies "some days" (52.7%) or "every day" (41.8%).
T124 1024951-1025080 Sentence denotes Similarly, 73.7 % had less than 4 days of exercise in the prior month and 43% received less than the recommended amount of sleep.
T125 1025081-1025165 Sentence denotes Health protective behaviors are an important aspect of managing care for urban YPLH.
T126 1025166-1025179 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T127 1025180-1025344 Sentence denotes The worldwide scale-up of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in recent years (>4 million under treatment in 2009) occurred against a backdrop of strong economic growth.
T128 1025345-1025398 Sentence denotes Still, 5 million people needing ART remain uncovered.
T129 1025399-1025541 Sentence denotes Further, this progress is threatened by the global financial crisis making it urgent to estimate how funding changes will affect ART programs.
T130 1025542-1025550 Sentence denotes Methods:
T131 1025551-1025757 Sentence denotes We quantify the impact of ART funding changes by modeling their effect on ART coverage and incorporating feedback from coverage to mortality, and from coverage to HIV incidence using a behavioral sub-model.
T132 1025758-1025897 Sentence denotes We analyze the changes in ART coverage, HIV incidence, and mortality for several funding scenarios to make concrete policy recommendations.
T133 1025898-1026111 Sentence denotes We apply our model to South Africa (SA) using published estimates of current ART coverage, ART effectiveness, HIV incidence, HIV prevalence, HIV transmission probabilities and the annual number of sexual partners.
T134 1026112-1026120 Sentence denotes Results:
T135 1026121-1026260 Sentence denotes Universal ART coverage (UC) can be achieved in SA within a few years if funding increases every year at the rate it increased from 2007-08.
T136 1026261-1026348 Sentence denotes In contrast, only maintaining current funding levels will result in declining coverage.
T137 1026349-1026480 Sentence denotes Surprisingly, even a 1/3rd funding decrease over 3 years followed by increases at the 2007-08 rate delays achieving UC by 10 years.
T138 1026481-1026562 Sentence denotes Increased prevention effectiveness can substantially reduce time to achieving UC.
T139 1026563-1026674 Sentence denotes In contrast, increases in the CD4 count threshold for treatment eligibility could make UC very hard to achieve.
T140 1026675-1026686 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T141 1026687-1026810 Sentence denotes Only continued increases in ART funding in coming years can ensure that ART coverage levels can be increased in the future.
T142 1026811-1026957 Sentence denotes Policy choices, such as investment in prevention and ART eligibility criteria, will be crucial in ensuring the future success of the ART roll-out.
T143 1026958-1026966 Sentence denotes Purpose:
T144 1026967-1027070 Sentence denotes A cancer diagnosis often involves distress which may in the long term develop into clinical depression.
T145 1027071-1027143 Sentence denotes Screening instruments identifying highly distressed patients are needed.
T146 1027144-1027259 Sentence denotes In Denmark, no validated instrument has been developed to identify cancer patients in need of psychosocial support.
T147 1027260-1027370 Sentence denotes We are thus examining the psychometric properties of a Danish version of the single-item Distress Thermometer.
T148 1027371-1027379 Sentence denotes Methods:
T149 1027380-1027496 Sentence denotes A total of 434 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer (within 1-2 days) were invited to participate in this study.
T150 1027497-1027527 Sentence denotes A total of 362 accepted (83%).
T151 1027528-1027759 Sentence denotes The accuracy of the single item Distress Thermometer is compared to the longer validated scales of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Impact of Event Scale (IES) using Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analyses.
T152 1027760-1027768 Sentence denotes Results:
T153 1027769-1027951 Sentence denotes Preliminary results show that 72% are distressed according to a cut-score of ≥4 on the Distress Thermometer (11-point scale, 0-10) with a mean of 5.4 and a standard deviation of 3.1.
T154 1027952-1028052 Sentence denotes We plan to present results on the accuracy of the Distress Thermometer compared to the HADS and IES.
T155 1028053-1028198 Sentence denotes Psychometric properties including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the Distress Thermometer will be presented.
T156 1028199-1028252 Sentence denotes Also, a cut-point for clinical use will be discussed.
T157 1028253-1028264 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T158 1028265-1028416 Sentence denotes We expect that the psychometric properties of the Distress Thermometer will be satisfactory and that we will be able to determine an optimal cut-point.
T159 1028417-1028534 Sentence denotes The results will be important for improved handling of psychosocial problems among breast cancer patients in Denmark.
T160 1028535-1028723 Sentence denotes By targeting psychosocial support and rehabilitation to those who are most distressed we may be able to tailor the support and hence prevent that some patients develop clinical depression.
T161 1028724-1028735 Sentence denotes BACKGROUND:
T162 1028736-1028813 Sentence denotes Treatment-related pain is an important issue in breast cancer rehabilitation.
T163 1028814-1028915 Sentence denotes As most studies in the area are crosssectional, relatively little is known about possible predictors.
T164 1028916-1028920 Sentence denotes AIM:
T165 1028921-1029064 Sentence denotes To explore the prevalence of pain and the role of depression as predictor in a nationwide prospective study of women treated for breast cancer.
T166 1029065-1029073 Sentence denotes METHODS:
T167 1029074-1029206 Sentence denotes The study cohort consisted of 3343 Danish women (aged 26-70) treated for primary breast cancer according to standardized guidelines.
T168 1029207-1029336 Sentence denotes A questionnaire package including Beck's Depression Inventory was mailed out 3-(baseline) and 15-months post-surgery (follow-up).
T169 1029337-1029376 Sentence denotes The response rate at follow-up was 94%.
T170 1029377-1029470 Sentence denotes Probable cases of major depression (MD) were identified according to the manual (cutoff>=17).
T171 1029471-1029660 Sentence denotes Frequency and severity of treatment-related pain in breast and arm or shoulder was assessed by 4 items at follow-up (range: "no pain" to "all the time" and "no pain" to "extremely severe").
T172 1029661-1029760 Sentence denotes DBCG and the surgical departments provided data on eligibility, clinical variables and comorbidity.
T173 1029761-1029869 Sentence denotes Data on psychiatric history, demographic-, and socioeconomic factors were obtained from national registries.
T174 1029870-1029878 Sentence denotes RESULTS:
T175 1029879-1029985 Sentence denotes At follow-up, 73% reported pain during the recent month and 33% had pain "almost every day" or more often.
T176 1029986-1030092 Sentence denotes Twenty-eight percent were "somewhat" or more affected by pain and 11% were "very" or "extremely" affected.
T177 1030093-1030321 Sentence denotes Women with MD at baseline were more likely to experience pain "almost every day" or more often at follow-up (OR=2.63; (95% CI, 2.12-3.27)) and more likely to be affected "somewhat" or more by pain (OR=3.49; (95% CI, 2.80-4.35)).
T178 1030322-1030555 Sentence denotes When adjusted for potential confounders (demographic-, socio-economic-, clinical-, health status-, and health behavior variables), the predictive power of MD persisted (OR=1.93; (95% CI, 1.50-2.48), and OR=2.31; (95% CI, 1.79-2.99)).
T179 1030556-1030567 Sentence denotes CONCLUSION:
T180 1030568-1030747 Sentence denotes The prevalence of treatment-related pain was substantial with nearly 3 out of 4 experiencing pain 15 months post-surgery and 1 out of 9 reporting to be very or extremely affected.
T181 1030748-1030818 Sentence denotes Depression was found to be an important independent predictor of pain.
T182 1030819-1030823 Sentence denotes AIM:
T183 1030824-1031037 Sentence denotes Relative to other oncology populations, the brain tumor (BT) population is unique given that both benign and malignant BTs can be life-threatening and can cause severe neurocognitive and psychosocial disturbances.
T184 1031038-1031214 Sentence denotes No study to date however, has investigated the effects of BT-related posttraumatic stress (PTSS) on neurocognitive functioning and overall quality of life in adult BT patients.
T185 1031215-1031273 Sentence denotes The aim of the present study was to address this question.
T186 1031274-1031281 Sentence denotes METHOD:
T187 1031282-1031490 Sentence denotes Utilizing a longitudinal design, adult individuals diagnosed with a primary BT were assessed on average, within 6-weeks prior to starting radiotherapy (T1), and re-assessed at 3 months post-radiotherapy (T2).
T188 1031491-1031658 Sentence denotes At both assessments, participants were administered a standardized battery of tests measuring BT-related PTSS, mood, quality of life, memory and executive functioning.
T189 1031659-1031667 Sentence denotes RESULTS:
T190 1031668-1031740 Sentence denotes To date, 64 patients (36 females, 28 males) have been re-assessed at T2.
T191 1031741-1031908 Sentence denotes At both T1 and T2, 14% of the sample reported clinically elevated levels of PTSS pertaining to their BT experience; although, the effects of PTSS fluctuated over time.
T192 1031909-1032117 Sentence denotes Whereas 40% of individuals who reported elevated PTSS prior to commencing radiotherapy continued to report elevated PTSS at T2, 60% of patients with elevated PTSS at T2 did not experience elevated PTSS at T1.
T193 1032118-1032409 Sentence denotes Prior to radiotherapy (T1), individuals with elevated PTSS were found to have significantly reduced functional well-being, elevated BT symptoms and social constraints, as well as heightened depressive, anger, fatigue and confusion symptoms (p's<.05) compared to patients with low PTSS at T1.
T194 1032410-1032577 Sentence denotes Individuals with elevated PTSS also evidenced significantly reduced scores on working memory and executive tests (p's<.05) compared to individuals with low PTSS at T1.
T195 1032578-1032878 Sentence denotes Similarly, individuals with elevated PTSS at T2 reported significantly reduced functional well being, vigor, and overall quality of life, as well as elevated BT symptoms, depression, anger, confusion, and social constraints (p's<.05) compared to individuals with low PTSS, 3-months post-radiotherapy.
T196 1032879-1032995 Sentence denotes Individuals with high PTSS at T2 also performed significantly worse on working memory and executive tests (p's<.05).
T197 1032996-1033007 Sentence denotes DISCUSSION:
T198 1033008-1033174 Sentence denotes The findings suggest that approximately one in seven individuals diagnosed with a primary BT are at risk of suffering from PTSS as a result of their tumor experience.
T199 1033175-1033351 Sentence denotes Notably, these results indicate that PTSS compromises neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning including overall quality of life in BT patients undergoing radiation therapy.
T200 1033352-1033520 Sentence denotes The findings will be discussed in context of developing and implementing appropriate counseling and rehabilitation services to address the unique needs of BT survivors.
T201 1033521-1033532 Sentence denotes Background:
T202 1033533-1033713 Sentence denotes Oestrogen has been shown to influence cognitive functioning, and recent studies have focused on the effects of endocrine therapy on cognitive functioning in breast cancer patients.
T203 1033714-1033767 Sentence denotes The current results, however, have been inconclusive.
T204 1033768-1033779 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T205 1033780-1033887 Sentence denotes To examine the effects of endocrine therapy (tamoxifen) on cognitive functioning in breast cancer patients.
T206 1033888-1033896 Sentence denotes Methods:
T207 1033897-1034115 Sentence denotes 20 patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy followed by tamoxifen and 12 patients receiving chemotherapy only were assessed with neuropsychological tests before and again 4-6 weeks after completion of the chemotherapy.
T208 1034116-1034124 Sentence denotes Results:
T209 1034125-1034202 Sentence denotes Group differences were only found for one out of 21 neuropsychological tests.
T210 1034203-1034439 Sentence denotes When controlling for age, patients treated with both chemotherapy and tamoxifen scored significantly lower on the letter-number sequence test (WAIS-III LN) measuring working memory (P=0.013) than patients treated with chemotherapy only.
T211 1034440-1034526 Sentence denotes Of the 21 tests, 5 showed differences corresponding to an effect size>0.3 (Cohen's d).
T212 1034527-1034795 Sentence denotes These 5 tests were WAIS-III LN (letter-number sequence), WAIS-III A (Arithmetic), TMA (Trail-making A), RAVL (Rey Auditory Verbal learning) and WF-N-words (Word Fluency N-words) representing the cognitive domains of working memory, processing speed and verbal fluency.
T213 1034796-1034807 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T214 1034808-1034946 Sentence denotes While we cannot conclude that tamoxifen causes cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients, our results do not exclude the possibility.
T215 1034947-1035087 Sentence denotes Our finding that 25% of the neuropsychological tests showed effect sizes greater than 0.3 are in agreement with results of previous studies.
T216 1035088-1035203 Sentence denotes The small samples and subsequent low statistical power of existing studies suggest the need for largescale studies.
T217 1035204-1035340 Sentence denotes If tamoxifen causes cognitive decline in breast cancer patients, this knowledge could be relevant for the patients' choice of treatment.
T218 1035341-1035354 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T219 1035355-1035789 Sentence denotes This study examined models of clinical survivorship care and outreach, organizational factors, and center evolution over time in the eight participating centers in the Lance Armstrong Foundation LIVESTRONG Centers of Excellence (COE) Network, to provide a set of recommendations to aid other institutions in the utilization of "best practices and processes" in the development of successful comprehensive cancer survivorship programs.
T220 1035790-1035797 Sentence denotes Method:
T221 1035798-1036010 Sentence denotes Guided by the Chronic Care Model this mixed methods study used both quantitative and qualitative approaches to characterize institutional barriers, models of care, community outreach and education among the COEs.
T222 1036011-1036172 Sentence denotes The three phase approach included document review, in-depth key informant telephone interviews, quantitative surveys and site visits over a one year time period.
T223 1036173-1036180 Sentence denotes Result:
T224 1036181-1036932 Sentence denotes Findings identified several overarching themes, lessons, and recommendations for developing and sustaining survivorship care: one size does not fit all-each program is unique with different organizational and environmental factors that inhibit and facilitate progress ; developing survivorship models of care is an ongoing process of trial and error; leadership and institutional commitment are essential to provided needed resources and support; lack of awareness of the need for survivorship care and resistance to change are critical barriers to address in order to institute survivorship care in oncology practice; and establishing community-based centers has the potential to advance the field of survivorship beyond comprehensive cancer centers.
T225 1036933-1036944 Sentence denotes Background:
T226 1036945-1037157 Sentence denotes Comparatively, a higher rate of Arab Children in Israel are victims of car accidents compared to Jewish children, this may be a result of low compliance with the law regarding child restraint in cars among Arabs.
T227 1037158-1037273 Sentence denotes One possible explanation for the low use of car restraints may be fatalistic beliefs, common in the Arab community.
T228 1037274-1037363 Sentence denotes These beliefs suggest that health is a result of luck and beyond an individual's control.
T229 1037364-1037375 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T230 1037376-1037497 Sentence denotes To asses levels of fatalistic beliefs and their association with child restraint in motor vehicles among Arabs in Israel.
T231 1037498-1037506 Sentence denotes Methods:
T232 1037507-1037596 Sentence denotes A cross sectional observational study of child restraint in motor vehicles was conducted.
T233 1037597-1037703 Sentence denotes Four hundred cars with 835 children under the age of 8 in them were observed while entering a parking lot.
T234 1037704-1037887 Sentence denotes The drivers were interviewed regarding beliefs and attitudes towards child restraint and in addition their fatalistic beliefs towards road accidents and fatalistic beliefs in general.
T235 1037888-1037995 Sentence denotes The observations were conducted within an Arab town and seven Arab villages in the northern part of Israel.
T236 1037996-1038004 Sentence denotes Results:
T237 1038005-1038126 Sentence denotes Of the 400 drivers, 63% were restrained while driving the car while only 32% of the children in the cars were restrained.
T238 1038127-1038272 Sentence denotes A higher percent of the children under one year old were restrained (64%) compared to 41% of the children aged 1to 3 and 9% of children aged 3-8.
T239 1038273-1038332 Sentence denotes Around 60% of the drivers reported high fatalistic beliefs.
T240 1038333-1038427 Sentence denotes High fatalist beliefs were associated with lower education and were more frequent among women.
T241 1038428-1038571 Sentence denotes After adjustment for gender, age of driver, education, number of children and driver's restraint, fatalism was associated with child restraint.
T242 1038572-1038644 Sentence denotes Those with high fatalistic beliefs restrained their children more often.
T243 1038645-1038656 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T244 1038657-1038767 Sentence denotes High levels of fatalism may inhibit people from use of child restraint in motor vehicle among Arabs in Israel.
T245 1038768-1038839 Sentence denotes Targeting these beliefs may increase levels of compliance with the law.
T246 1038840-1038848 Sentence denotes Purpose:
T247 1038849-1038938 Sentence denotes The lack of physical activity (PA) is associated with obesity among school-aged children.
T248 1038939-1039106 Sentence denotes Although parental support has been found to increase children's PA, few studies tested predictors and effects of parental support for PA among young Hispanic children.
T249 1039107-1039373 Sentence denotes The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a multi-component intervention program on parental support for PA among predominantly Hispanic children from K to 2nd grade, accounting for parents' characteristics such as acculturation, education, and age.
T250 1039374-1039393 Sentence denotes Design and setting:
T251 1039394-1039562 Sentence denotes Quasi-experimental research design was used to evaluate a multi-component intervention program, in which five waves of data were collected from two sites in West Texas.
T252 1039563-1039572 Sentence denotes Subjects.
T253 1039573-1039704 Sentence denotes Data are collected from predominantly Hispanic and low-income parents/guardians (N=442) and their children of 5 to 9 years (N=848).
T254 1039705-1039714 Sentence denotes Measures:
T255 1039715-1039850 Sentence denotes Children's anthropometric measures were obtained, and their overweight status was determined based on their age-andgender adjusted BMI.
T256 1039851-1040171 Sentence denotes A demographic questionnaire, an acculturation scale (Brief ARSMA II), and a parent survey were used among parents who reported on home environmental factors (e.g., whether there is a TV in the study child's bedroom) and children's behaviors (e.g., physical activity, TV viewing, sweetened beverage intake, family meals).
T257 1040172-1040181 Sentence denotes Analysis:
T258 1040182-1040286 Sentence denotes Descriptive statistics were obtained, and random coefficient regression was used to test the hypotheses.
T259 1040287-1040295 Sentence denotes Results:
T260 1040296-1040355 Sentence denotes Intervention increases parental support for PA (intercept).
T261 1040356-1040411 Sentence denotes Time alone does not influence parental support (slope).
T262 1040412-1040497 Sentence denotes The more acculturated parents provide more parental support (intercept, main effect).
T263 1040498-1040697 Sentence denotes More acculturated parents are less influenced by the intervention (negative interaction between intervention and acculturation level), but not enough to counterbalance the effect of the intervention.
T264 1040698-1040817 Sentence denotes Also, parents who have higher level of education are more supportive of PA, and older parents give less support for PA.
T265 1040818-1040936 Sentence denotes Children's age and gender are not significant covariates, and neither is the site where the intervention is delivered.
T266 1040937-1040949 Sentence denotes Conclusion….
T267 1040950-1041018 Sentence denotes More acculturated parents are more likely to provide support for PA.
T268 1041019-1041163 Sentence denotes Intervention is important in raising parents' awareness of problems of children's obesity and mobilizing parents to provide more support for PA.
T269 1041164-1041171 Sentence denotes Issues:
T270 1041172-1041336 Sentence denotes Like many developing countries, Nepal has facing difficult problem to youth knowledge, awareness, behavior and attitude on their reproductive health and sexuality..
T271 1041337-1041452 Sentence denotes But, on the other hand, today's nepalese young girls and boys are more tolerant toward premarital sexual relations.
T272 1041453-1041802 Sentence denotes The youth reproductive health services is then directed to assist youth to possess knowledge, awareness, behavior and attitude of responsible reproductive health through promotion by information, education, and communication, counseling, services for youths particularly those with particular problems, and supporting positive activities for youths.
T273 1041803-1041811 Sentence denotes Methods:
T274 1041812-1042038 Sentence denotes This paper aims to examine the result of the youth reproductive health services in nepal through explore the realty of their knowledge, awareness, behavior, and attitude of sexual and reproductive health from 2007 to mid 2009.
T275 1042039-1042295 Sentence denotes To examine this reality this paper using the data from the Survey of High Risk Behavior of Adolescent Including Sexuality and HIV/AIDS Prevention with Implication on Reproductive Health which interviewed 1956 youths in 5 districts; 310 school and colleges.
T276 1042296-1042358 Sentence denotes The data were edited and anaysed by EPI info software program.
T277 1042359-1042367 Sentence denotes Results:
T278 1042368-1042516 Sentence denotes The summary of the result found that the reality of the knowledge, awareness, behavior, and attitude of sexual and reproductive health is still low.
T279 1042517-1042855 Sentence denotes For the knowledge of reproductive health: most (53,6 percent) do not know basic meaning of reproduction, 78 percent of female in rural do not know the cycle of menstruation period, 64.8 percent never discussed reproductive health and even, 51 percent never discussed it with family, and 64.6 percent didn't getting family planning lesson.
T280 1042856-1043001 Sentence denotes But, on the other hand, there are 49.1 percent kissing, 45.8 percent embracing/ hugging, and 2.6 percent having sexual intercourse during dating.
T281 1043002-1043203 Sentence denotes This realty implicated on enhancing effort to create and promote more attractive program in informing reproductive health information and launching friendly service concern to the young girls and boys.
T282 1043204-1043227 Sentence denotes Context and objectives:
T283 1043228-1043435 Sentence denotes With over 80% of those currently living with AIDS aged between 15 and 24 and 75% of these youth living in sub-Saharan Africa, young people in sub-Saharan Africa have been worst affected by the AIDS pandemic.
T284 1043436-1043634 Sentence denotes Since HIV in Togothe most common cause of death, representing 17% of all deathsis spread primarily through unprotected sex, safe sex practices such as condom use can reduce HIV spread significantly.
T285 1043635-1043770 Sentence denotes We examined the efficacy of a behavioral intervention to promote condom use among Togolese young people at high risk for HIV infection.
T286 1043771-1043779 Sentence denotes Methods:
T287 1043780-1044029 Sentence denotes We randomized -without known HIV infection -446 Togolese people aged 16 to 24 years consulting 3 sexually transmitted disease clinics in Lomé, who had recently had unprotected sex, to a 1-hour behavioral intervention or a didactic control condition.
T288 1044030-1044165 Sentence denotes At baseline and 6 months, participants underwent interviews about their sexual behaviors and consistent condom use and testing for HIV.
T289 1044166-1044174 Sentence denotes Results:
T290 1044175-1044262 Sentence denotes We observed a 51% decline in HIV infection incidence (P=.03) in the intervention group.
T291 1044263-1044374 Sentence denotes Incidence density for the intervention versus control groups was 1.6 versus 3.27 per 100 person-years (P<.001).
T292 1044375-1044564 Sentence denotes Participants in the intervention group reported using condoms more consistently in the 30 days preceding the 6-month assessment (unadjusted analysis, intervention, 74.2% vs control, 48.7%).
T293 1044565-1044731 Sentence denotes Participants in the intervention group reported using condoms more consistently over the entire 6-month period (adjusted odds ratio, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.51-3.50; P=.001).
T294 1044732-1044744 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T295 1044745-1044916 Sentence denotes This brief behavioral intervention shows promise in reducing HIV risk behaviors among Togolese young people and may be transferable to other sub-Saharan African countries.
T296 1044917-1045036 Sentence denotes Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate relationships among dependent variables and independent variables.
T297 1045037-1045140 Sentence denotes We found no significant effect of having received in-school HIV/AIDS education on all outcome measures.
T298 1045141-1045326 Sentence denotes Compared with females, males were more likely to initiate sex at a relatively younger age, report unprotected sex with multiple partners, and to drink alcohol before sexual intercourse.
T299 1045327-1045587 Sentence denotes Efforts to control the HIV/AIDS epidemic among adolescents may need to focus on targeted interventions aimed at addressing gender-and racial/ethnic-specific risk exposures among this population group, including risk behaviors linked with lifetime sexual abuse.
T300 1045588-1045748 Sentence denotes The need to re-examine the role of inschool HIV prevention programs to build adequate competencies among students, parents and community leaders is recommended.
T301 1045749-1045778 Sentence denotes STUDY DESIGN AND DATA SOURCE:
T302 1045779-1045867 Sentence denotes We used cross-sectional data from the 2005 Colorado Youth Behavioral Risk survey (YRBS).
T303 1045868-1045978 Sentence denotes Details of the survey design and psychometric validity of questionnaire items are found in other publications.
T304 1045979-1046200 Sentence denotes Briefly, the YRBS is a self-reported paper-based survey of high school students conducted every two years by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in collaboration with Colorado local implementing partners.
T305 1046201-1046340 Sentence denotes The survey monitors risk behaviors and other characteristics associated with mortality and morbidity among students in grades 9 through 12.
T306 1046341-1046511 Sentence denotes In 2005, the survey was administered to a representative sample of 1,498 students from 29 public high schools throughout the state, and the overall response rate was 60%.
T307 1046512-1046636 Sentence denotes Surveyed schools and classes were selected systematically with probability proportional to enrollment based on grade levels.
T308 1046637-1046655 Sentence denotes OUTCOME VARIABLES:
T309 1046656-1047177 Sentence denotes Sexual Risk Behavior was a threelevel variable created from items suggested in previous studies, and categorized as: no risk (never had sexual intercourse or engaged in any sexual risk behavior at the time of survey), low risk (had sex with one partner, used condom and did not drink alcohol in the last sexual intercourse, and used a method of contraception) and high risk (had sex with multiple partners, did not use condoms and/or drank alcohol before the last sexual intercourse, and used no method of contraception).
T310 1047178-1047488 Sentence denotes Age at first sexual intercourse was categorized based on respondents' age at their first sexual intercourse as: no sexual intercourse (participants reported as not having ever had sexual intercourse at the time of survey irrespective of age), young adolescents (11-14 years), and older adolescents (≥15 years).
T311 1047489-1047723 Sentence denotes Number of current sexual partners was assessed based on the reported number of sexual partners in the 3 months preceding the survey and categorized as following: never had sexual intercourse, had 1 partner, and had ≥2 sexual partners.
T312 1047724-1047862 Sentence denotes These variables were selected because of their known association with transmission of HIV infections (Mullings, Marquart & Brewer, 2000) .
T313 1047863-1047951 Sentence denotes COVARIATES: HIV/AIDS education, substance use score, physically forced sex, alcohol use.
T314 1047952-1048166 Sentence denotes Potential confounding variables selected include age, gender, number of hours watching TV, feeling sadness or hopelessness, and cigarette smoking because of their documented relationships with sexual risk behavior.
T315 1048167-1048188 Sentence denotes STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
T316 1048189-1048342 Sentence denotes Characteristics of respondents participating in the survey were compared according to race and gender using Rao-Scott χ2 tests for categorical variables.
T317 1048343-1048650 Sentence denotes To further assess the relationship between independent and outcome variables, all independent variables that attained a statistical significance of P≤.25 in bivariate analyses were entered into multinomial logistic regression models in a manual stepwise fashion, starting with those with the lowest P-value.
T318 1048651-1048925 Sentence denotes This method allows dependent variable to have more than two categories, thereby providing a single estimate of odds ratio (OR) for the association between the independent variables and each combination of the dependent variables, while controlling for potential confounders.
T319 1048926-1048996 Sentence denotes Odds ratios (OR) were calculated and used as estimates of risk ratios.
T320 1048997-1049146 Sentence denotes The likelihood ratio test was used to compare models to determine which variables were retained in multivariate models at a significance level α=.05.
T321 1049147-1049238 Sentence denotes Age and grade level were not included in the same models because of potential collinearity.
T322 1049239-1049496 Sentence denotes All analyses were performed with SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) and the survey weight variable was used to account for the complex sampling design of the survey to provide estimates representative of the high school student population across the state.
T323 1049497-1049505 Sentence denotes RESULTS:
T324 1049506-1049632 Sentence denotes Nearly 64% of respondents were non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics 24% while Blacks and other racial/ethnic groups represented 12%.
T325 1049633-1049721 Sentence denotes These proportions mirror the approximate distribution of racial groups across the state.
T326 1049722-1049844 Sentence denotes Both genders are equally represented in this sample with older adolescents (ages 15-18 years) being the predominant group.
T327 1049845-1049926 Sentence denotes Nearly 85% of students reported receiving voluntary in-school HIV/AIDS education.
T328 1049927-1050085 Sentence denotes In adjusted analyses, predictors significantly associated with high risk sexual behaviors included being male, Hispanic, and having had physically forced sex.
T329 1050086-1050209 Sentence denotes Likewise, light and binge drinking, smoking, and illegal substance use showed significant effects on sexual risk behaviors.
T330 1050210-1050291 Sentence denotes The highest risk for early sexual debut was observed among Blacks, and Hispanics.
T331 1050292-1050416 Sentence denotes Similarly, there was an 8-fold increase in the odds of early sexual debut among adolescents reporting physically forced sex.
T332 1050417-1050564 Sentence denotes A dose-response relationship was observed between illegal substance use and age of sexual debut, with the strongest effect among young adolescents.
T333 1050565-1050656 Sentence denotes Likewise, current or past smoking was associated with increased odds of early sexual debut.
T334 1050657-1050851 Sentence denotes Statistically significant correlates of having one or more sexual partners included being Latino and high user of illegal substances, reporting forced sex, drinking alcohol, and current smoking.
T335 1050852-1050958 Sentence denotes Associations appeared more marked among respondents using two or more drugs and having ≥2 sexual partners.