CORD-19_Custom_license_subset  

CORD-19:22616110b79baaf4c9d23f130a9ee35c64d991f7 JSONTXT 9 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-65 Sentence denotes R2250 H1N1 virus infection: review of chest radiographic findings
T2 67-75 Sentence denotes Abstract
T3 76-267 Sentence denotes publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source.
T4 268-378 Sentence denotes These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
T5 379-616 Sentence denotes Abstracts accepted for publication only Pathogenesis R2249 Effect of a probiotic dairy product containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota on the gut microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study
T6 617-628 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T7 629-761 Sentence denotes It has been hypothesized that disturbances in the intestinal flora could be a factor in the onset and persistence of IBS complaints.
T8 762-882 Sentence denotes The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) on the faecal flora of IBS patients.
T9 883-891 Sentence denotes Methods:
T10 892-1008 Sentence denotes In a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind study, IBS patients fulfilling the Rome criteria II were included.
T11 1009-1085 Sentence denotes Patients took 2 bottles daily for 8 weeks, containing either LcS or placebo.
T12 1086-1230 Sentence denotes Faecal samples were collected before intervention (week −2/0,S1), at the end of intervention (week 6/8,S2) and during follow-up (week 14/16,S3).
T13 1231-1378 Sentence denotes Microbial populations (Bacteroides, anaerobes, bifidobacteria, coliforms, clostridia, and lactobacilli) were enumerated using quantitative plating.
T14 1379-1428 Sentence denotes Total bacterial counts were performed using FISH.
T15 1429-1752 Sentence denotes Bacterial DNA was analysed by quantitative Real-Time PCR for the detection of Atopobium spp., Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas group, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale group, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans group, and Bifidobacterium spp.
T16 1753-1840 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U tests or Paired Wilcoxon tests.
T17 1841-1891 Sentence denotes P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
T18 1892-1900 Sentence denotes Results:
T19 1901-2004 Sentence denotes No significant differences in total bacterial counts were seen between the treatment and placebo group.
T20 2005-2125 Sentence denotes Using quantitative plating, no significant differences were seen for the different bacterial groups between both groups.
T21 2126-2232 Sentence denotes Significantly lower bacterial counts were seen in both groups for clostridia for S2 compared to S1 and S3.
T22 2233-2355 Sentence denotes In the placebo group, significantly higher amounts of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were detected for S2 compared to S1.
T23 2356-2488 Sentence denotes Using qRT-PCR, significantly lower counts for D. desulfuricans group were seen in the placebo group compared to the treatment group.
T24 2489-2713 Sentence denotes In the treatment group significant differences were seen only for S2 compared to S3, whereas in the placebo group, no significant differences were detected for the different bacterial groups at the different sampling points.
T25 2714-2814 Sentence denotes Analysis at the IBS subtype level revealed differences in microbiota between the different subtypes.
T26 2815-2827 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T27 2828-3008 Sentence denotes Although significant changes in the microbiota were seen during intake of LcS in the treatment group, differences in microbial populations between both groups were not significant.
T28 3009-3130 Sentence denotes Interestingly, specific findings are likely to be associated with a specific IBS subtype rather than with IBS in general.
T29 3131-3141 Sentence denotes Objective:
T30 3142-3230 Sentence denotes To asses the chest radiography findings of patients with H1N1 Influenza virus infection.
T31 3231-3368 Sentence denotes Review of radiological findings of 110 patients with confirmed influenza A virus infection admitted to two Hospitals in Cantabria, Spain.
T32 3369-3540 Sentence denotes The radiological findings were characterized by pattern of opacities, lung distribution and, presence or absence of pleural effusions or hiliar or mediastinal adenopahies.
T33 3541-3678 Sentence denotes The initial radiography was abnormal in 39 (34%) patients, but only 28 (25%) were related exclusively to the influenza A virus infection.
T34 3679-3842 Sentence denotes Characteristic imaging findings in these 28 patients included: parenchymal consolidation 68%, consolidation plus ground glass 25% and ground glass opacities in 7%.
T35 3843-3995 Sentence denotes Seventeen patients had a diffuse distribution of the opacities, in 61% it was bilateral, and lower and middle zones were those most frequently affected.
T36 3996-4095 Sentence denotes No pleural effusions or pathological mediastinal lymph nodes were seen in this initial radiography.
T37 4096-4209 Sentence denotes Patients with abnormal chest X-ray were more frequently men, smokers, had dyspnoea, pleuritic pain and diarrhoea.
T38 4210-4222 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T39 4223-4521 Sentence denotes Although more of patients with influenza virus A infection showed normal chest X-ray, those with abnormal chest radiographies, characteristically showed areas of consolidation with or without ground glass affectation, bilateral and diffuse distribution, and predilection for lower and middle zones.
T40 4522-4615 Sentence denotes Pleural effusion or mediastinal adenopahty were not findings seen in the initial radiography.
T41 4617-4680 Sentence denotes Severe streptococcal infections lead to serious tissue damages.
T42 4681-4724 Sentence denotes Myositis is an example of these conditions.
T43 4725-4827 Sentence denotes Systemic antibiotic therapy is the principle course of treatment in necrotizing soft tissue infection.
T44 4828-4943 Sentence denotes Clinical trials have also shown Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) therapy to be effective in streptococcal myositis patients.
T45 4944-5108 Sentence denotes Ozone (O3), known as a cytotoxic gas, has recently been shown to support immune system by activating oxidative mechanisms and increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines.
T46 5109-5279 Sentence denotes In this study, we compared the effectiveness of antibiotherapy, HBO and O3 application on bacterial growth and wound recovery in a murine model of streptococcal myositis.
T47 5280-5344 Sentence denotes Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in five groups.
T48 5345-5489 Sentence denotes Myositis was caused by inoculation of 0.15 ml 0.5 McFarland streptococcus pyogenes to thigh region in the four groups other than the Sham group.
T49 5490-5693 Sentence denotes Normal saline was given to the rats in one of the four groups as a control, whereas other three groups were treated by penicillin G (98 mg/kg in 0.25 ml intraperitoneally 2X1), HBO (100% oxygen, 2,5 Atm.
T50 5694-5701 Sentence denotes 90 min.
T51 5702-5749 Sentence denotes 2X1) and ozone (1 mg/kg 1X1 intraperitoneally).
T52 5750-5871 Sentence denotes At the seventh day, histological and bacterial investigations were done on soft tissue specimens taken from thigh region.
T53 5872-5992 Sentence denotes There was significant difference in response to therapy in all of the three groups compared to control group (p < 0.05).
T54 5993-6067 Sentence denotes Antibiotic and ozone groups were also more successful than HBO (p < 0.05).
T55 6068-6144 Sentence denotes Ozone group yielded better results than that of antibiotic group (p < 0.05).
T56 6145-6275 Sentence denotes Our results conclude that Ozone therapy should be used in addition to antibiotic treatment in serious infections such as myositis.
T57 6276-6289 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T58 6290-6543 Sentence denotes Mutations in the DNA Mismatch Repair (MMR) genes, mutSL (equivalent to hexAB locus of pneumococci), have been associated with hypermutability phenotypes in various bacterial species and may play a significant role in the antibiotic resistance emergence.
T59 6544-6555 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T60 6556-6701 Sentence denotes The mutator frequency of 233 consecutive non-redundant Enterococcus faecalis isolates collected in a 2001 extra-hospital survey was investigated.
T61 6702-6722 Sentence denotes Methods and Results:
T62 6723-6975 Sentence denotes To detect mutators, a first approach was based on an agar diffusion method using a fosfomycin disk, and the identification of hypermutable strains was achevied by counting the "squatter" colonies growing in the inhibition zone after 24 h of incubation.
T63 6976-7130 Sentence denotes Four strains (Ef1468, Ef1473, Ef1497 and Ef1591) with more than 50 Colony Forming Units within the fosfomycin inhibition area were considered as mutators.
T64 7131-7212 Sentence denotes Their mutation frequency was evaluated on agar medium with or without rifampicin.
T65 7213-7461 Sentence denotes The rates were comprised between 2.2×10 −5 to 7.3×10 −6 (SD, 2.4×10 −5 to 7.3×10 −6 ), i.e. at least 100-fold higher than five other tested strains taken at random in the collection, including the E. faecalis strain ATCC 29212 (frequency, <10 −9 ).
T66 7462-7552 Sentence denotes The mutators were isolated from urine (Ef1468, Ef1473 and Ef1497) or sperm fluid (Ef1591).
T67 7553-7651 Sentence denotes The analysis of mutSL was investigated for Ef1497 by PCR amplification and sequencing experiments.
T68 7652-7882 Sentence denotes Five (A321T, A323S, A397E, K415N, I800S) and three (A437V, A440E, A495T) amino acid (aa) substitutions in MutS (858 aa) and MutL (710 aa) respectively, were identified in comparison to the reference sequence (GenBank accession no.
T69 7883-7893 Sentence denotes AE016830).
T70 7894-8056 Sentence denotes In addition, a nonsense mutation of the arginine at position 341 led to the inactivation of MutS; this mutation was associated with the hypermutability of Ef1497.
T71 8057-8069 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T72 8070-8141 Sentence denotes The mutator frequency in a clinical population of E. faecalis was 1.7%.
T73 8142-8296 Sentence denotes In a previous study, we have shown that linezolid mutants emerged more readily from Ef1497 than from E. faecalis ATCC 29212 (Ba et al., 2010 , Antimicrob.
T74 8297-8324 Sentence denotes Agent Chemother., 54:1443 .
T75 8325-8495 Sentence denotes Hypermutation capability of strains should be detected by the simple agar diffusion method using a fosfomycin disk, prior to a prolonged antibiotic monotherapy treatment.
T76 8496-8634 Sentence denotes Our study gives the first evidence of an association of a MMR gene inactivation with a mutator phenotype in a clinical E. faecalis strain.
T77 8635-8637 Sentence denotes S.
T78 8638-8648 Sentence denotes Najibi, B.
T79 8649-8661 Sentence denotes Bakhshi*, M.
T80 8662-8673 Sentence denotes Sattari, M.
T81 8674-8687 Sentence denotes Alebouyeh, M.
T82 8688-8722 Sentence denotes Tajbakhsh (Tehran, IR) Objectives:
T83 8723-8859 Sentence denotes Infectious diarrheal diseases is recognized as the second cause of mortality among infectious diseases in children less than five years.
T84 8860-8966 Sentence denotes Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) play an important role as a causative agent of children diarrhea.
T85 8967-9065 Sentence denotes Integrons are DNA elements known to carry genetic cassettes responsible for antibiotic resistance.
T86 9066-9266 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and resistance gene cassette content of class 1 integron among Enteropathogenic E. coli isolated from patients referred to Tehran hospitals.
T87 9267-9275 Sentence denotes Methods:
T88 9276-9480 Sentence denotes In this study, 300 stool samples were collected and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was detected using biochemical and serological methods and confirmed by PCR amplification of eae, stx1 and stx2 genes.
T89 9481-9576 Sentence denotes Isolates with eae+/stx1−/stx2− genotype were defined as EPEC and subjected to further analysis.
T90 9577-9672 Sentence denotes Class 1 integron was investigated with primers specific for the conserved integrase gene (int).
T91 9673-9741 Sentence denotes The variable resistance gene cassettes were amplified and sequenced.
T92 9742-9750 Sentence denotes Results:
T93 9751-9904 Sentence denotes During the study period 28 cases of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains was detected and serotype O86 and O127 were appeared as dominant serotypes.
T94 9905-10151 Sentence denotes Twenty two strains (79%) appeared to harbor class 1 integron among which the variable region was defined to be dfrA7, aadA1, dfrA1/aadA1, dfrA12/aadA2 which related to amplicons of approximately 750, 1000, 1700 and 2000 bp in sizes, respectively.
T95 10152-10417 Sentence denotes The presence of class 1 integron in 79% reveals that, this genetic element plays a very important role in the transfer of antibiotic resistance among the strains studied and may transfer resistance to aminoglycosides and trimetoprim to other Gram-negative bacteria.
T96 10418-10420 Sentence denotes D.
T97 10421-10436 Sentence denotes Plachouras*, I.
T98 10437-10447 Sentence denotes Galani, Z.
T99 10448-10461 Sentence denotes Chrysouli, F.
T100 10462-10476 Sentence denotes Kontopidou, T.
T101 10477-10488 Sentence denotes Panagea, M.
T102 10489-10498 Sentence denotes Souli, G.
T103 10499-10534 Sentence denotes Petrikkos (Haidari, GR) Objectives:
T104 10535-10729 Sentence denotes Colistin resistance in Salmonella enterica has been associated with mutations in the PmrAB two component regulatory system that controls the composition of the outer membrane lipopolysachharide.
T105 10730-10852 Sentence denotes The mechanism of recently described colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains has not been elucidated.
T106 10853-10920 Sentence denotes BasRS, the homologue system to PmrAB in K. pneumoniae, was studied.
T107 10921-10929 Sentence denotes Methods:
T108 10930-11176 Sentence denotes Colistin resistant K. pneumoniae strains isolated in clinical and surveillance specimens of 10 patients, who were on colistin treatment, as well as sensitive strains isolated from the same patients before colistin use, were included in the study.
T109 11177-11237 Sentence denotes Exact MICs for colistin were determined by the E-test strip.
T110 11238-11361 Sentence denotes Sensitive and resistant isolates were epidemiologically studied by repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR methodology.
T111 11362-11477 Sentence denotes The basR and basS genes from the respective resistant and susceptible isolates were amplified by PCR and sequenced.
T112 11478-11691 Sentence denotes The primers used were designed by WebPrimer to amplify a 653 bp internal fragment of BasR ( In all other cases no significant differences were observed between the genes from the susceptible and resistant strains.
T113 11692-11875 Sentence denotes The mutation observed in the basS gene of one resistant isolate has already been described in the homologue gene pmrA of a colistin resistant laboratory strain of Salmonella enterica.
T114 11876-12049 Sentence denotes However mutations in the two component regulatory system BasRS in clinical isolates do not explain most of the cases of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains.
T115 12050-12052 Sentence denotes A.
T116 12053-12069 Sentence denotes Liakopoulos*, K.
T117 12070-12088 Sentence denotes Chatzigeorgiou, K.
T118 12089-12101 Sentence denotes Tarpatzi, L.
T119 12102-12111 Sentence denotes Zerva, E.
T120 12112-12153 Sentence denotes Petinaki (Larissa, Athens, GR) Objective:
T121 12154-12259 Sentence denotes To investigate the mechanism of high-level methicillinresistance in a Staphylococcus lugdunensis isolate.
T122 12260-12282 Sentence denotes Materials and Methods:
T123 12283-12364 Sentence denotes The microorganism was isolated from blood culture of a patient with endocarditis.
T124 12365-12494 Sentence denotes Identification to the species level was performed by the Vitek 2 System and was verified by a molecular method based on fbl gene.
T125 12495-12633 Sentence denotes Susceptibility testing to various antimicrobial agents was assessed by the Vitek 2 system, while the MICs values were determined by Etest.
T126 12634-12762 Sentence denotes The production of penicillinase was performed by the nitrocephin disk test, while the presence of mecA gene was detected by PCR.
T127 12763-12989 Sentence denotes In order to detect mutations in PBP1 and PBP4 genes, amplification followed by sequencing analysis was done and the results were compared with those obtained from a clinical S. lugdunensis strain susceptible to oxacillin (MIC:
T128 12990-13001 Sentence denotes 0.75 mg/L).
T129 13002-13067 Sentence denotes The isolate, despite the high-level resistance to oxacillin (MIC:
T130 13068-13183 Sentence denotes 256 mg/L), did not carry the mecA gene, while no overproduction of penicillinase or mutation of PBP4 were detected.
T131 13184-13328 Sentence denotes However some mutations were found in PBP1: an alteration in the 482 position (L482P) and an insertion in 570 position of four aminoacids (SAYG).
T132 13329-13386 Sentence denotes These mutations were not found in the susceptible strain.
T133 13387-13603 Sentence denotes As b-lactams bind to the penicillin-binding motif KTG in the transpeptidase region, that is located in 582 position, alterations in or around the motif possibly confer resistance due to reduced affinity to b-lactams.
T134 13604-13616 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T135 13617-13748 Sentence denotes This is the first report for mutations in PBP1 resulting in high-level methicillin-resistance in a clinical S. lugdunensis isolate.
T136 13749-13861 Sentence denotes Escherichia coli causing septic diarrhoea in calves in Italy: emergence of a multi-resistant O78 clonal group A.
T137 13862-13875 Sentence denotes Marchese*, E.
T138 13876-13885 Sentence denotes Coppo, R.
T139 13886-13898 Sentence denotes Barbieri, S.
T140 13899-13908 Sentence denotes Zoppi, C.
T141 13909-13919 Sentence denotes Pruzzo, F.
T142 13920-13929 Sentence denotes Rossi, S.
T143 13930-13942 Sentence denotes Bergagna, A.
T144 13943-13952 Sentence denotes Dondo, E.
T145 13953-13990 Sentence denotes Debbia (Genoa, Turin, IT) Objectives:
T146 13991-14369 Sentence denotes The emergence of antibiotic-resistant epidemic clones among animals should be monitored since clonal relatedness among certain O serogroup strains (i.e. E. coli O78) capable of causing disease in different hosts, humans included, has been shown and, although different molecules are employed, cross-resistance exists among fluoroquinolones used in human and veterinary medicine.
T147 14370-14548 Sentence denotes An increased incidence of enrofloxacin-resistant E. coli associated with septic diarrhoea in calves was recently observed in northern Italy (from 14.3% in 2002 to >30% in 2007) .
T148 14549-14606 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to investigate this phenomenon.
T149 14607-14615 Sentence denotes Methods:
T150 14616-14841 Sentence denotes A total of 47 consecutive E. coli isolates exhibiting reduced susceptibility to enrofloxacin (intermediately resistant or resistant) causing septic diarrhoea in calves from 45 large-scale farms during 2006-2007, were studied.
T151 14842-14982 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic group, antibiotic susceptibility and O serogroup were determined with RAPD and PFGE typing providing additional discrimination.
T152 14983-14991 Sentence denotes Results:
T153 14992-15233 Sentence denotes The majority (97.8%) of microorganisms (46/47) carried resistance to two or more additional drugs with the pattern: fluoroquinolone -ampicillin -co-trimoxazole -tetracycline -gentamicinthiamphenicol being the most represented (24/47; 51.0%).
T154 15234-15382 Sentence denotes Plasmidmediated extended-spectrum and AmpC b-lactamases including plasmidmediated fluoroquinolone resistance genetic determinants were not detected.
T155 15383-15501 Sentence denotes Third generation cephalosporins emerged as the most active antimicrobial agents tested (97.9% of susceptible strains).
T156 15502-15513 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T157 15514-15737 Sentence denotes Overall, 37 different RAPD profiles and 18 different O serogroups could be distinguished among the typable strains indicating a substantial heterogeneity and suggesting the occurence of several independent selection events.
T158 15738-15943 Sentence denotes However, approximately one fourth (11/47) of the strains belonged to serogroup O78 and PFGE revealed that the majority (7/11) of these were clonally related, indicating the selection of a O78 clonal group.
T159 15944-16134 Sentence denotes Since animals have been suggested as a possible source of serogroup O78 E. coli infections in humans, further studies are needed to clearly determine the zoonotic potential of these strains.
T160 16135-16137 Sentence denotes A.
T161 16138-16151 Sentence denotes Barguigua, M.
T162 16152-16166 Sentence denotes Bouchakour, M.
T163 16167-16176 Sentence denotes Talmi, K.
T164 16177-16189 Sentence denotes Zerouali, F.
T165 16190-16203 Sentence denotes El Otmani, M.
T166 16204-16254 Sentence denotes Timinouni* (Casablanca, El Jadida, MA) Objectives:
T167 16255-16374 Sentence denotes The Morocco, like other countries worldwide, has a growing problem with CTX-M b-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae.
T168 16375-16536 Sentence denotes The present study sought to characterize blaCTX-M-15-containing plasmids associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae CTX-M-15 isolates recovered in Moroccan community.
T169 16537-16545 Sentence denotes Methods:
T170 16546-16794 Sentence denotes We characterized the multidrug resistance region sequences of three plasmids that encode CTX-M-15 b-lactamases in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in three Moroccan cities; Casablanca (plasmid A), El Jadida (plasmid B) and Settat (plasmid C).
T171 16795-16836 Sentence denotes Conjugative mating was attempted on agar.
T172 16837-16875 Sentence denotes MICs were determined by E-Test method.
T173 16876-16955 Sentence denotes Antibiotic resistance genes and integrons were identified by PCR and sequenced.
T174 16956-16964 Sentence denotes Results:
T175 16965-17084 Sentence denotes Conjugative transfer of cefotaxime resistance was achieved in all strains. blaCTX-M-15 was carried by a 125 kb plasmid.
T176 17085-17379 Sentence denotes In addition the plasmid A harboured the following 6 antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance to seven antibiotic classes: blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, aac(6 )-Ib-cr, catB4, tet(A), and the qnrB genes; the plasmid B carried blaTEM-1 consistently, also blaOXA-1, catB4, aac(6 )-Ib-cr, and tet(A).
T177 17380-17452 Sentence denotes By contrast plasmid C carried blaOXA-1, catB4, aac(6 )-Ibcr, and tet(A).
T178 17453-17591 Sentence denotes The blaCTX-M-15 gene presented the following genetic environment: ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-15-orf477 and blaTEM-1b -TnpA-ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-15-orf477.
T179 17592-17604 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T180 17605-17736 Sentence denotes To our knowledge, this is the first description of genetic environment of CTX-M-15 gene in K. pneumoniae from a Moroccan community.
T181 17737-17877 Sentence denotes The plasmids encoding CTX-M-15 conferred similar multidrug resistance phenotypes, suggesting that they may share a similar genetic scaffold.
T182 17878-17976 Sentence denotes Both shared features with plasmids encoding CTX-M-15 b-lactamases in Escherichia coli from Canada.
T183 17977-18166 Sentence denotes 21st ECCMID/27th ICC, Abstracts accepted for publication only R2303 Macrolide resistance and in vitro selection of antibiotic resistance in different human isolated Lactobacillus strains V.
T184 18167-18183 Sentence denotes Rodighiero *, E.
T185 18184-18197 Sentence denotes De Vecchi, R.
T186 18198-18209 Sentence denotes Mattina, T.
T187 18210-18221 Sentence denotes Celeste, M.
T188 18222-18233 Sentence denotes Toscano, L.
T189 18234-18263 Sentence denotes Drago (Milan, IT) Objectives:
T190 18264-18381 Sentence denotes Spreading of antibiotic resistance is of concern due to the increasing rate of isolation of multiresistant pathogens.
T191 18382-18568 Sentence denotes Since commensal bacteria can transfer determinants of resistance to pathogens, studies on resistance should include lactic acid bacteria, especially those intended for use as probiotics.
T192 18569-18688 Sentence denotes We performed this study aiming to evaluate the capability of some antibiotics to select for resistance in lactobacilli.
T193 18689-18697 Sentence denotes Methods:
T194 18698-18883 Sentence denotes Strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus (n = 13), Lactobacillus plantarum (n = 9), Lactobacillus crispatus (n = 6) and Lactobacillus casei (n = 12) isolated from human feces were included.
T195 18884-18951 Sentence denotes Amoxicillin/clavulanate, erythromycin and tetracycline were tested.
T196 18952-19043 Sentence denotes Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were measured with the microdilution broth method.
T197 19044-19119 Sentence denotes Susceptibility was determined according to breakpoints established by EFSA.
T198 19120-19256 Sentence denotes The frequency of spontaneous mutations was calculated as the number of colonies grown on antibiotic-containing agar plates per inoculum.
T199 19257-19348 Sentence denotes Selection of resistance was performed at 4× and 8× MIC and peak serum concentration (Cmax).
T200 19349-19461 Sentence denotes Susceptible isolates were serially subcultured onto agar plates containing a linear gradient of each antibiotic.
T201 19462-19590 Sentence denotes Bacteria were exposed to ten consecutive passages on antibiotic-gradient plates, then to ten passages on antibiotic-free plates.
T202 19591-19656 Sentence denotes Acquisition of resistance was defined as >4-fold increase in MIC.
T203 19657-19781 Sentence denotes Stable mutants with reduced susceptibility to erythromycin were analysed by PCR to detect the presence of erm and mef genes.
T204 19782-19790 Sentence denotes Results:
T205 19791-19970 Sentence denotes Resistance to macrolides was observed in 16 strains (8 of them harboured the ermB gene) and to tetracycline in 11 strains; all strains were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate.
T206 19971-20059 Sentence denotes Frequencies of mutation of susceptible strains (n = 26) were lower at 8× than at 4× MIC.
T207 20060-20117 Sentence denotes Tetracycline showed the highest frequencies of mutations.
T208 20118-20188 Sentence denotes After multi-step selection an increase in MICs was generally observed.
T209 20189-20233 Sentence denotes Such change was stable only in some strains.
T210 20234-20303 Sentence denotes All tested antibiotics could select stable resistance in all species.
T211 20304-20399 Sentence denotes Molecular characterization of resistant mutants did not lead to detection of erm nor mef genes.
T212 20400-20412 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T213 20413-20534 Sentence denotes Our results suggest that a decrease in susceptibility following exposure to antibiotics might occur in some lactobacilli.
T214 20535-20749 Sentence denotes So, evaluation of the ability to acquire resistance to common antibiotics should be performed in parallel with investigations on the presence of resistance determinants in strains intended for human and animal use.
T215 20750-20752 Sentence denotes S.
T216 20753-20763 Sentence denotes Ikeda*, H.
T217 20764-20774 Sentence denotes Hanaki, Y.
T218 20775-20793 Sentence denotes Ikeda-Dantsuji, H.
T219 20794-20804 Sentence denotes Matsui, M.
T220 20805-20817 Sentence denotes Iwatsuki, K.
T221 20818-20828 Sentence denotes Shiomi, T.
T222 20829-20838 Sentence denotes Nakae, K.
T223 20839-20851 Sentence denotes Sunakawa, S.
T224 20852-20891 Sentence denotes Omura (Tokyo, Kanagawa, JP) Background:
T225 20892-21080 Sentence denotes Patients who suffer from MRSA infection are often coinfected with Gram-negative bacteria, and they are likely to be treated with a combination of vancomycin (VAN) and b-lactam antibiotics.
T226 21081-21504 Sentence denotes However, this combination therapy causes the emergence of VAN-resistant MRSA, designated as b-lactam antibiotic-induced VAN-resistant MRSA (BIVR), which traps a large amount of VAN and lower free drug concentration in the mi-lieu. b-Lactam antibiotics inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis and promote the expression of autolysin resulting in the release of large amounts of peptidoglycan fragments into the extracellular milieu.
T227 21505-21750 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that peptidoglycan fragments generated by the action of b-lactam antibiotics and autolysins were incorporated into the cytoplasm for recycling and promote synthesis of nascent lipid-II, an analogy to the case in Escherichia coli.
T228 21751-21875 Sentence denotes Thus, we searched active compound(s), which mimics the role of b-lactam antibiotics in the induction of the BIVR phenomenon.
T229 21876-21883 Sentence denotes Method:
T230 21884-21956 Sentence denotes The BIVR strain K744 was used for the indicator cells in the BIVR assay.
T231 21957-22083 Sentence denotes The compounds tested for the induction of BIVR phenomenon were either prepared from peptidoglycan fragments or the synthetics.
T232 22084-22240 Sentence denotes The compounds to be tested were impregnated on a paper disc with a diameter of 8 mm, and that was placed on the VAN agar plate streaked with the K744 cells.
T233 22241-22277 Sentence denotes The plates were incubated overnight.
T234 22278-22410 Sentence denotes If the test compound was active, the indicator BIVR cells grow around a paper disc forming a hollow, of which diameter was measured.
T235 22411-22476 Sentence denotes The non-BIVR cell show no growth zone due to the presence of VAN.
T236 22477-22485 Sentence denotes Results:
T237 22486-22721 Sentence denotes The purified muropeptide, GlcNAc-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-isoGln-L-Lys-(Gly4)-D-Ala-Gly2 and GlcNAc-1, 6-N, O-diacetyl-MurN-L-Ala-D-isoGln-L-Lys-(Gly4)-D-Ala-Gly2 at 75 mg per disc yielded 17.5 and 11.5 mm, respectively, of the K744 growth zone.
T238 22722-22774 Sentence denotes The Gly4 peptide was not essential for the activity.
T239 22775-22905 Sentence denotes The BIVR inducing activity was undetectable by GlcNAc-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-isoGln, MurNAc-L-Ala-D-isoGlu-L-Lys and L-Ala-D-isoGlu-L-Lys.
T240 22906-23039 Sentence denotes We concluded that the active compound was composed of the GlcNAc-MurNAc glycan chain and the L-Ala-D-isoGln-L-Lys-D-Ala-Gly2 peptide.
T241 23040-23042 Sentence denotes C.
T242 23043-23053 Sentence denotes Ludden, M.
T243 23054-23066 Sentence denotes Corcoran, D.
T244 23067-23078 Sentence denotes Killeen, D.
T245 23079-23088 Sentence denotes Keady, M.
T246 23089-23101 Sentence denotes Da Costa, M.
T247 23102-23114 Sentence denotes Cormican, D.
T248 23115-23127 Sentence denotes Morris, T.W.
T249 23128-23156 Sentence denotes Boo* (Galway, IE) Objective:
T250 23157-23262 Sentence denotes Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has become a significant public health threat.
T251 23263-23388 Sentence denotes Within this diverse group, VIM-producing Enterobacter cloacae is increasingly reported in countries such as Greece and Spain.
T252 23389-23531 Sentence denotes In this report, we evaluate the evidence for transmission of carbapenem-resistant E. cloacae in a cardiothoracic intensive care unit (CT-ICU).
T253 23532-23540 Sentence denotes Methods:
T254 23541-23608 Sentence denotes Clinical, infection control and microbiological data were collated.
T255 23609-23662 Sentence denotes Clinical specimens were cultured by rountine methods.
T256 23663-23728 Sentence denotes Patients (rectal swab) and the environment were screened for CRE.
T257 23729-23829 Sentence denotes Isolates were identified by Vitek 2 and susceptibility testing was performed by CLSI disc diffusion.
T258 23830-23962 Sentence denotes Evaluation for carbapenemase was conducted using the modified Hodge test (MHT), metallo-b-lactamase (MBL) Etest and synergy testing.
T259 23963-24074 Sentence denotes PCR detection of carbapenemase genes and analysis of Xba1-restricted PFGE banding patterns were also performed.
T260 24075-24083 Sentence denotes Results:
T261 24084-24186 Sentence denotes Carbapenem-resistant E. cloacae were cultured from sternal wounds of 2 patients within a 6-day period.
T262 24187-24284 Sentence denotes Both patients had received broad-spectrum antibiotics but neither had a history of recent travel.
T263 24285-24349 Sentence denotes Their respective stays in the CT-ICU had overlapped for 11 days.
T264 24350-24457 Sentence denotes Both were treated with appropriate antibiotics while aggressive infection control measures were instituted.
T265 24458-24559 Sentence denotes CRE was not isolated from other patients, the hospital environment or medical equipment at that time.
T266 24560-24709 Sentence denotes The isolates were resistant to b-lactams (including carbapenems), gentamicin and tobramycin, but susceptible to ciprofloxacin, amikacin and colistin.
T267 24710-24812 Sentence denotes Phenotypic carbapenemase screening methods yielded positive but often inconsistent and subtle results.
T268 24813-24927 Sentence denotes PCR confirmed the presence of blaVIM in both isolates, while PFGE demonstrated indistinguishable banding patterns.
T269 24928-24940 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T270 24941-25022 Sentence denotes This is the first report of the emergence of VIM-producing E. cloacae in Ireland.
T271 25023-25100 Sentence denotes Sternal wound infections by such organisms were also not previously reported.
T272 25101-25219 Sentence denotes Clinical and molecular data indicated that cross-transmission of carbapenem-resistant E. cloacae in CT-ICU was likely.
T273 25220-25389 Sentence denotes Laboratory detection of VIM-producing Enterobacteriaceae remains challenging, while the need for active surveillance in highrisk patients warrants further consideration.
T274 25390-25587 Sentence denotes The report highlights the therapeutic and infection control challenges posed by these organisms, and reiterates the importance of prudent antibiotic usage and aggressive infection control measures.
T275 25588-25601 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T276 25602-25740 Sentence denotes Integrons are mobile genetic elements capable of gene capture and expression via site-specific recombination and the action of a promoter.
T277 25741-25895 Sentence denotes Integrons play a major role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and are commonly associated with members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
T278 25896-25907 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T279 25908-26053 Sentence denotes To find out the incidence and the classes of integron associated with ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from blood stream infections.
T280 26054-26138 Sentence denotes This study was carried out on 256 K. pneumoniae isolates over a period of two years.
T281 26139-26198 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested for 14 antibiotics.
T282 26199-26263 Sentence denotes ESBL detection was done as per CLSI followed by a multiplex PCR.
T283 26264-26396 Sentence denotes Integrase gene PCR was done to detect class 1, class 2 integrons; similarly for class 3 and class 4 integron using specific primers.
T284 26397-26454 Sentence denotes Sequencing was done for representative number of strains.
T285 26455-26463 Sentence denotes Results:
T286 26464-26579 Sentence denotes Out of the 256 isolates, 167 (65.2%) were ESBL producers. blaSHV (77.2%) and blaCTX-M (85.6%) were the most common.
T287 26580-26698 Sentence denotes Of the 167 ESBL positive isolates, 121 (72.4%) carried class 1 integron; 51 (42.1%) isolates carried class 2 integron.
T288 26699-26786 Sentence denotes Both class 1 and class 2 were found in 33 (27.2%) and none had class 3 or class 4 type.
T289 26787-26846 Sentence denotes Sequencing and blasting results confirmed their identities.
T290 26847-26956 Sentence denotes The drug resistant rates of integron positive isolates were 23% higher compared to integron negative strains.
T291 26957-26969 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T292 26970-27217 Sentence denotes A higher percentage of class 2 integrons association with ESBL strains is being noted for the first time from our region, also the co-existence of both class 1 and class 2 types increases the higher risk of multidrug resistant gene transfer rates.
T293 27218-27375 Sentence denotes These findings strongly suggest that integrons have a major role in the dissemination of ESBL mediated resistance among nosocomial isolates of K. pneumoniae.
T294 27376-27378 Sentence denotes T.
T295 27379-27391 Sentence denotes Alarcon*, E.
T296 27392-27401 Sentence denotes Aznar, M.
T297 27402-27414 Sentence denotes Espinola, A.
T298 27415-27430 Sentence denotes Somodevilla, M.
T299 27431-27465 Sentence denotes Lopez-Brea (Madrid, ES) Objective:
T300 27466-27725 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to detect the presence of prophages by the induction of its lytic cycle after culturing clinical isolates in the presence of low concentrations of mitomycin C and determine its association with the resistance to antimicrobial agents.
T301 27726-27734 Sentence denotes Methods:
T302 27735-27769 Sentence denotes 47 H. pylori strains were studied.
T303 27770-27842 Sentence denotes They were obtained from gastric biopsies following standard methodology.
T304 27843-27883 Sentence denotes Strains were stored at −80ºC until used.
T305 27884-27966 Sentence denotes TIGR 26695 was used as negative control as no prophage was detected in its genome.
T306 27967-28118 Sentence denotes Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, metronidazole resistance was determined by E-test following standard methodology.
T307 28119-28294 Sentence denotes For prophage induction, H. pylori strains were subcultured on recently prepared blood agar plates containing 5 ng/ml Mitomycin C, 10 mg/l vancomycin and 5 mg/l amphotericyn B.
T308 28295-28392 Sentence denotes After 2 to 5 days incubation, plates were examined for the presence of growth inhibition plaques.
T309 28393-28401 Sentence denotes Results:
T310 28402-28573 Sentence denotes Porphage induction was observed in 15 out of 47 strains (31.9%) (not in TIGR) by detection of inhibition plaques after culture on mitomycin C containing blood agar plates.
T311 28574-28625 Sentence denotes The following resistance percentages were detected:
T312 28626-28763 Sentence denotes 4.2% to amoxicillin, 44.7% to clarithromycin, 10.9% to rifampicin, 4.3% to ciprofloxacin, 2.1% to tetraciclin and 27.6% to metronidazole.
T313 28764-29063 Sentence denotes Percentage of resistance was analyzed in 2 groups (strains with or without prophages) Resistance was higher in the group with prophages for the following antimicrobial agents: amoxicillin (6,6% vs 3,1%), clarithromycin (53,3% vs 40,6%), ciprofloxacin (7,1% vs 3,1%) and metrronidazol (33,3% vs 25%).
T314 29064-29210 Sentence denotes Resistance was lower in the group with prophages for the following antimicrobial agents: rifampicin (7,1% vs 12,5%) and tetracycline (0% vs 3,1%).
T315 29211-29339 Sentence denotes Conclusions: (1) Mitomycin C containing blood agar plates is an easy method to detect prophage carriage among H. pylori strains.
T316 29340-29625 Sentence denotes (2) A high percentage of H. pylori strains showed prophage detected by mitomycin C induction and (3) the presence of these prophages seems to be associated with a higher percentage of resistance to the antimicrobial agents most frequently used to treat infection produced by H. pylori.
T317 29626-29636 Sentence denotes Objective:
T318 29637-29884 Sentence denotes To identify the resistance mechanism and determine appropriate antibiotic treatment for a patient whose blood and abdominal fluid isolated an E. coli resistant to ertapenem and the cephalosporins, with borderline imipenem and meropenem resistance.
T319 29885-30002 Sentence denotes To highlight problems with detection and difficulties with treatment of multi drug resistant Gram negative organisms.
T320 30003-30011 Sentence denotes Methods:
T321 30012-30267 Sentence denotes Following hospitalisation for an MI in Egypt, requiring ITU care in The Nile Hospital, the patient was repatriated via air-ambulance to Wythenshawe Hospital for cardiac rehabilitation and subsequently developed an acute abdomen secondary to cholycystitis.
T322 30268-30385 Sentence denotes Laporotomy and cholecystectomy were carried out and cultures from blood and drain fluid isolated a resistant E. coli.
T323 30386-30477 Sentence denotes Routine in-house antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was undertaken by VITEK.
T324 30478-30647 Sentence denotes Resistance was confirmed by the Reference Laboratory who carried out MICs to cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, tigecycline and other agents by agar dilution.
T325 30648-30772 Sentence denotes Potential carbapenemase activity was examined by a plate assay (Clover Leaf test), followed by enzyme identification by PCR.
T326 30773-30781 Sentence denotes Results:
T327 30782-30859 Sentence denotes A pure growth of E. coli with reduced carbapenem susceptibility was isolated.
T328 30860-30931 Sentence denotes MICs of carbapenems were ertapenem = 8, meropenem = 1 and imipenem = 2.
T329 30932-31024 Sentence denotes The isolate was clover leaf positive for carbapenemase activity and PCR identified an OXA48.
T330 31025-31175 Sentence denotes The isolate was pan-b-lactam-resistant due to a CTX-M, seen by the MIC of Cefotaxime potentiated from >256 to 1, whilst ceftazidime fell from 32 to 1.
T331 31176-31284 Sentence denotes The isolate was sensitive to tigecycline, which the patient received for 10 days resulting in full recovery.
T332 31285-31415 Sentence denotes A detailed travel history revealed visits to Tunisia, Spain and Portugal but no travel to Greece or Turkey, during the past 5 yrs.
T333 31416-31493 Sentence denotes Conclusion: OXA48 has not previously been identified in an E. coli in the UK.
T334 31494-31710 Sentence denotes Detection of this carbapenemase is problematic as resistance to ertapenem may be the only indicator, yet the MIC of ertapenem can be readily raised by impermeability alone, making its use as a single maker uncertain.
T335 31711-31857 Sentence denotes Dissemination of OXA48 has to date, been geographically and species restricted and not previously associated with E. coli or with travel to Egypt.
T336 31858-32130 Sentence denotes Tigecycline concentrates well in the gall bladder and should be considered for sensitivity testing in these circumstances; however concerns remain around the achievement of adequate serum levels of the agent in patients with severe sepsis with a single confirmed pathogen.
T337 32131-32192 Sentence denotes 21st ECCMID/27th ICC, Abstracts accepted for publication only
T338 32193-32195 Sentence denotes A.
T339 32196-32205 Sentence denotes Rafi*, R.
T340 32206-32238 Sentence denotes Moaddab (Tabriz, IR) Objectives:
T341 32239-32491 Sentence denotes Study and evaluation of effectiveness of second line drugs against mycobacterial strains has become more important in the past few years, particularly due to the outbreak caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) .
T342 32492-32726 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro susceptibility of M. tuberculosis (MT) and mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli (MOTT) strains to the two main second line anti-mycobacterial agents (ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin).
T343 32727-32735 Sentence denotes Methods:
T344 32736-33142 Sentence denotes In this study, in-vitro activities of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against totally 100 mycobacterial strains including 90 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (40 strains resistant and 50 strains sensitive to the first line drugs) and 10 mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli strains (all strains resistant to the first line drugs) were investigated by proportional method on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium.
T345 33143-33151 Sentence denotes Results:
T346 33152-33303 Sentence denotes Out of 90 M. tuberculosis strains, 50 strains that were sensitive to the first line drugs were diagnosed as susceptible to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.
T347 33304-33471 Sentence denotes Of other 40 strains which were resistant to the first line drugs, only one strain was resistant to ofloxacin and 2 strains were found to be resistant to ciprofloxacin.
T348 33472-33624 Sentence denotes Of 10 mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli strains, 4 strains were resistant to ofloxacin and 3 strains were found to be resistant to ciprofloxacin.
T349 33625-33636 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T350 33637-33831 Sentence denotes The findings of this study showed that ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin could be effectively used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and also mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli strains.
T351 33832-33906 Sentence denotes R2310 Staphylococcus aureus faecal carriage among healthy humans in Spain.
T352 33907-34012 Sentence denotes Detection of livestock-associated genetic lineages ST398 and ST133 in methicillin-susceptible isolates D.
T353 34013-34024 Sentence denotes Benito*, C.
T354 34025-34035 Sentence denotes Lozano, E.
T355 34036-34050 Sentence denotes Gómez-sanz, M.
T356 34051-34063 Sentence denotes Zarazaga, C.
T357 34064-34096 Sentence denotes Torres (Logroño, ES) Objectives:
T358 34097-34241 Sentence denotes To determine the rate of S. aureus faecal carriage in healthy humans in Spain and to perform the genetic characterization of recovered isolates.
T359 34242-34250 Sentence denotes Methods:
T360 34251-34352 Sentence denotes Fecal samples of 96 healthy humans were recovered in La Rioja (Spain) during September-December 2010.
T361 34353-34491 Sentence denotes Samples were inoculated into Mannitol-Salt-agar and ORSAB plates for S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus recovery, respectively.
T362 34492-34557 Sentence denotes Isolates were identified by biochemical methods and nuc-gene PCR.
T363 34558-34651 Sentence denotes Antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined by disk-diffusion method for 18 antibiotics.
T364 34652-34713 Sentence denotes S. aureus isolates were submitted to spa-agr-and MLST typing.
T365 34714-34942 Sentence denotes The presence of 9 antibiotic resistance genes (msrA, msrB, mphC, ermA, ermB, ermC, ermF, ant-4 , mupA) and 11 virulence factor genes (lukF/lukS-PV, lukE-lukD, lukM, tst-1, eta, etb, hlA, hlB, hlD, hlG, hlgv) were studied by PCR.
T366 34943-35062 Sentence denotes Results: S. aureus was recovered in 14 of 96 studied samples (14,6%), all of them being methicillin-susceptible (MSSA).
T367 35063-35248 Sentence denotes A very high diversity of spa-types was detected among our isolates (t084, t002, t209, t012, t021, t216, t136, t3495, t571) , types t084 and t002 being detected in two samples, each one.
T368 35249-35378 Sentence denotes MLST was performed for isolates with spa-types t571 and t3495, and sequence types ST398 and ST133, respectively, were identified.
T369 35379-35592 Sentence denotes Isolates were susceptible to most of antibiotic tested with some exceptions: erythromycin-clindamycin (3 isolates, with ermC with/without ermA+mphC), tobramycin and mupirocin (1 isolate with ant(4 ) + mupA genes).
T370 35593-35679 Sentence denotes All 14 MSSA were negative for lukF/lukS-PV genes encoding Panton-Valentine leucocidin.
T371 35680-35724 Sentence denotes The lukDE gene was identified in 5 isolates.
T372 35725-35786 Sentence denotes Interestingly, strain ST133 harboured the lukDE + lukM genes.
T373 35787-35840 Sentence denotes Five isolates were tst-1 positives (35% of all MSSA).
T374 35841-35950 Sentence denotes Others virulence factors detected were (number of isolates): hlA (14), hlB(9), hlD (14), hlG(6), and hlG2(8).
T375 35951-35963 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T376 35964-36043 Sentence denotes A high prevalence and a high clonal diversity of MSSA isolates were identified.
T377 36044-36141 Sentence denotes As far as we know, this is the first detection of MSSA ST133 in faecal samples of healthy humans.
T378 36142-36258 Sentence denotes R2311 Antimicrobial resistance and vancomycin heteroresistance of MRSA strains from a tertiary hospital in Greece T.
T379 36259-36271 Sentence denotes Panayea*, M.
T380 36272-36281 Sentence denotes Souli, I.
T381 36282-36292 Sentence denotes Galani, I.
T382 36293-36306 Sentence denotes Karantani, H.
T383 36307-36322 Sentence denotes Giamarellou, G.
T384 36323-36512 Sentence denotes Petrikkos (Athens, GR) Methicillin resistant S. aureus strains cause a variety of infections that are sometimes difficult to treat and are spread both in hospital environment and community.
T385 36513-36588 Sentence denotes Vancomycin heteroresistance (hVISA) is mainly observed among these strains.
T386 36589-36731 Sentence denotes ESBL-Escherichia coli (EEC) was defined as an E. coli resistant to third generation cephalosporins but susceptible to amoxicillin clavulanate.
T387 36732-36896 Sentence denotes Thus, most TEM, SHV and CTX-M-type enzymes (molecular class A enzymes or functional group 2be from the Bush-Jacoby-Medeiros classification) were taken into account.
T388 36897-37070 Sentence denotes ITU were considered different if time between two episodes was greater than 15 days or the isolate presented different susceptibility patterns affecting ESBL classification.
T389 37071-37265 Sentence denotes In vitro growth competitions were carried out fivefold by placing the same inoculum of two isolates of E. coli (EEC vs. E. coli with no antimicrobial resistance) into 10ml of thioglicolate (TG).
T390 37266-37365 Sentence denotes Then, aliquots were sub-cultured every day for both re-growth in 10ml TG and colony identification.
T391 37366-37374 Sentence denotes Results:
T392 37375-37471 Sentence denotes The total number of urinary isolates analyzed was 70,827 belonging to 49,304 different patients.
T393 37472-37528 Sentence denotes Of these isolates, 5,161 (7.3%) were categorized as EEC.
T394 37529-37703 Sentence denotes The number of different ITU was 64,472, 4,403 (6.8%) by EEC, and 1701 were discarded because they took place at the end of the study period during the fourth consecutive ITU.
T395 37704-37831 Sentence denotes The mean time from an EEC ITU to another EEC ITU was 43 days, while the mean time from an EEC ITU to a non-EEC ITU was 75 days.
T396 37832-37923 Sentence denotes Growth competitions showed a greater than 99% decreased in the EEC population after 5 days.
T397 37924-37936 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T398 37937-38133 Sentence denotes Our data suggests that, given the time and in the absence of antimicrobial pressure, E. coli with fewer antimicrobial resistances will outgrow EEC, probably due to a better fitness of the isolate.
T399 38134-38144 Sentence denotes Objective:
T400 38145-38322 Sentence denotes To examine patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii isolates to commonly used drugs at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
T401 38323-38331 Sentence denotes Methods:
T402 38332-38438 Sentence denotes A retrospective study was carried out at King Fahad National Guard Hospital (KFNGH) between 2008 and 2010.
T403 38439-38662 Sentence denotes Organisms were identified and tested by the automated identification and susceptibility system (MicroScan Walk away 96, Siemens ® ) and the Antibiotic susceptibility testing were confirmed by the Etest (AB Biodisk, Sweden).
T404 38663-38776 Sentence denotes The procedural details interpretations were as recommended by the Clinical laboratory standards Institute (CLSI).
T405 38777-38785 Sentence denotes Results:
T406 38786-38900 Sentence denotes Between 2008-2010, a total of 2552 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) were available for analysis.
T407 38901-39116 Sentence denotes The organism showed high rates of resistance to Pip-Tazo (81% of isolates), Imipenem (66%), Meropenem (83%), Gentamicin (68%), amikacin (65%), ceftazidime (82%), cefepime (70%), ciprofloxacin (80%) and colistin 19%.
T408 39117-39197 Sentence denotes Multidrug resistance was observed in (65−75%) of Acinetobacter species isolates.
T409 39198-39209 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T410 39210-39727 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is a major emerging problem particularly in the intensive care unit, Strict infection control measures, judicious prescribing of antibiotics, antibiotic stewardship programs and antibiotic cycling should be adopted to control infections due to these bacteria in patients admitted to intensive care Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility and strict adherence to infection prevention guidelines are essential to eliminate major outbreaks in the future.
T411 39728-39730 Sentence denotes C.
T412 39731-39744 Sentence denotes Caneiras*, F.
T413 39745-39756 Sentence denotes Calisto, R.
T414 39757-39766 Sentence denotes Moura, M.
T415 39767-39778 Sentence denotes Augusto, G.
T416 39779-39791 Sentence denotes Da Silva, J.
T417 39792-39809 Sentence denotes Melo Cristino, A.
T418 39810-39850 Sentence denotes Duarte (Lisbon, Coimbra, PT) Objectives:
T419 39851-40004 Sentence denotes Tigecycline is an antibiotic used in clinical setting where multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL) production is prominent.
T420 40005-40099 Sentence denotes Due to the constant potential of emergency of resistance, long term survey studies are needed.
T421 40100-40242 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to assess the activity of tigecycline against MDR and ESBL Enterobacteriaceae isolates during a period of ten years.
T422 40243-40251 Sentence denotes Methods:
T423 40252-40405 Sentence denotes A total of 155 isolates, Escherichia coli (n = 92) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 63), were collected at 5 hospitals in Portugal (1999 Portugal ( -2010 .
T424 40406-40665 Sentence denotes Susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were determined by disk diffusion and interpreted according to CLSI guidelines: tigecycline, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.
T425 40666-40707 Sentence denotes Tigecycline MICs were performed by Etest.
T426 40708-40803 Sentence denotes The ESBLs were identified by PCR with specific primers for bla-CTX-M, bla-TEM and bla-KPC gene.
T427 40804-40812 Sentence denotes Results:
T428 40813-40950 Sentence denotes According to the breakpoints proposed by CLSI, 25% of K. pneumoniae and 13% of E. coli ESBL-producing were nonsusceptible to tigecycline.
T429 40951-41043 Sentence denotes Higher prevalence of intermediate susceptibility was found (Klebsiella 63% and E. coli 44%).
T430 41044-41211 Sentence denotes Longitudinal analysis showed no increase in tigecycline resistance over the 10-years study period and was not influenced by the presence of CTX-M-and TEM-type enzymes.
T431 41212-41388 Sentence denotes However for the first time in Portugal it was identified a KPC-3 E. coli resistant to tigecycline and nine K. pneumoniae isolates producing KPC-3 showed reduced activity (33%).
T432 41389-41506 Sentence denotes MDR and ESBLproducing E. coli had tigecycline MIC 90 3 mg/l and K. pneumoniae isolates had tigecycline MIC 90 2 mg/l.
T433 41507-41650 Sentence denotes The analysis of tigecycline MICs showed a poor correlation with values obtained and disk zone diameters, 38% of the MIC results are concordant.
T434 41651-41722 Sentence denotes The discordant data occur mostly in the intermediate/susceptible zones.
T435 41723-41734 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T436 41735-41798 Sentence denotes Tigecycline showed good activity against MDR and ESBL isolates.
T437 41799-42065 Sentence denotes However, the high frequency of isolates in intermediate category found and the discordant correlation between MICs and inhibition zone diameters, suggest that further selective pressure will lead to an overall reduced susceptibility to tigecycline in Enterobacteria.
T438 42066-42200 Sentence denotes For instances, the tigecycline resistance found in KPC-3 isolates collected in 2010 may indicate an indiscriminate use of tigecycline.
T439 42201-42340 Sentence denotes These results indicate that the use of tigecycline in hospital setting should be carefully controlled to avoid the emergence of resistance.
T440 42341-42343 Sentence denotes R.
T441 42344-42356 Sentence denotes Mendes *, H.
T442 42357-42366 Sentence denotes Sader, D.
T443 42367-42378 Sentence denotes Farrell, R.
T444 42379-42416 Sentence denotes Jones (North Liberty, US) Objectives:
T445 42417-42603 Sentence denotes To assess telavancin (TLV) and comparator activities against staphylococci, including strains with decreased susceptibility (S) to vancomycin (VA) and teicoplanin (TE), from Europe (EU).
T446 42604-42745 Sentence denotes TLV is approved in the United States (US) and Canada for the treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI).
T447 42746-42890 Sentence denotes This drug is also under review for the treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections in EU and nosocomial pneumonia in the US and EU.
T448 42891-42899 Sentence denotes Methods:
T449 42900-43045 Sentence denotes 3 868 S. aureus (SA) and 1 003 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were collected from 33 sites in 12 countries, including Turkey and Israel.
T450 43046-43158 Sentence denotes Isolates were submitted to a central laboratory and identification performed by standard algorithms and Vitek 2.
T451 43159-43212 Sentence denotes Strains were S tested by CLSI methods (M07-A8, 2009).
T452 43213-43265 Sentence denotes EUCAST criteria (2010) were applied, when available.
T453 43266-43420 Sentence denotes Results: SA were from SSSI (41.0%), bacteremia (35.3%), and respiratory tract infections (13.0%), while the majority (68.2%) of CoNS were from bacteremia.
T454 43421-43644 Sentence denotes TLV (MIC 50/ 90 , 0.12/0.25 mg/L) was 2-fold more potent than daptomycin (DA; MIC 50/ 90 , 0.25/0.5 mg/L) and 4-to 8-fold more active than VA (MIC 50/ 90 , 1/1 mg/L) and linezolid (LZ; MIC 50/ 90 , 1/2 mg/L) against all SA.
T455 43645-43681 Sentence denotes Similar results were noted for CoNS.
T456 43682-43837 Sentence denotes 1.6 and 1.0% of SA had higher VA (>1 mg/L; all 2 mg/L) and TE MICs ( activity was observed against CoNS, regardless of country of origin or glycopeptide S.
T457 43838-43939 Sentence denotes Conclusions: TLV exhibited higher potency (at least 2-fold) than direct comparators (VA, DA and LZ) .
T458 43940-44109 Sentence denotes SA with decreased S to glycopeptides showed higher TLV MICs, although all strains were inhibited ( 0.5 mg/L) at concentrations below the FDA breakpoint for SA ( 1 mg/L).
T459 44110-44278 Sentence denotes The TLV activity against SA and CoNS suggests this drug as an option for staphylococcal infections, including those caused by strains with decreased S to glycopeptides.
T460 44279-44281 Sentence denotes M.
T461 44282-44295 Sentence denotes Espínola*, A.
T462 44296-44305 Sentence denotes García,Á.
T463 44306-44321 Sentence denotes Somodevilla, M.
T464 44322-44334 Sentence denotes Martínez, A.
T465 44335-44343 Sentence denotes Guiu, A.
T466 44344-44354 Sentence denotes Correa, M.
T467 44355-44469 Sentence denotes López-Brea (Madrid, ES) Escherichia coli is involved in 85% of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs).
T468 44470-44611 Sentence denotes For this reason, it is important to know its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in order to give an appropriate empiric treatment of UTIs.
T469 44612-44832 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of E. coli strains isolated in community-acquired UTIs, and to see the prevalence of extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains in the community.
T470 44833-44841 Sentence denotes Methods:
T471 44842-45020 Sentence denotes 2598 E. coli isolates were collected from outpatients with clinical evidence of community-acquired UTIs during the period January to November 2010 in a hospital in Madrid, Spain.
T472 45021-45097 Sentence denotes Urine samples were cultured in CLED agar and incubated at 37ºC for 48 hours.
T473 45098-45227 Sentence denotes UTIs were defined as the culture of a single organism from a midstream urine specimen at 105 colony forming units per milliliter.
T474 45228-45348 Sentence denotes Identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests were made by the routinely used automated system MicroScan (Siemens).
T475 45349-45457 Sentence denotes Additionally, susceptibility tests were performed by disk diffusion method according to standard procedures.
T476 45458-45694 Sentence denotes For the study, reduced susceptibility to 8 antibiotics commonly used in UTIs (amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin) was evaluated.
T477 45695-45969 Sentence denotes In addition, extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) production was examined; a ratio of 8 or greater for the ceftazidime to ceftazidime-clavulanic acid minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the cefotaxime to cefotaxime-clavulanic acid MICs was considered ESBL-positive.
T478 45970-45978 Sentence denotes Results:
T479 45979-46078 Sentence denotes 2598 E. coli isolates were obtained, 179 of which (6,9%) produced an extended-spectrum b-lactamase.
T480 46079-46193 Sentence denotes Isolates presenting reduced susceptibility to the different antibiotics evaluated are shown in the table attached.
T481 46194-46205 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T482 46206-46365 Sentence denotes This study shows the increasing prevalence of ESBL-E. coli in community-acquired infections, being almost 7% of the E. coli strains isolated positive for ESBL.
T483 46366-46493 Sentence denotes High resistance rates are obtained for quinolones (norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin) in both, ESBL and not ESBL producing E. coli.
T484 46494-46616 Sentence denotes For this reason, these antibiotics should not be used for the empiric treatment of community-acquired UTIs in our country.
T485 46617-46819 Sentence denotes However, low resistance rates are shown for nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin, in both ESBL and not ESBL E. coli, which suggests that these antibiotics may be a good option in the empiric treatment of UTIs.
T486 46820-46833 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T487 46834-46918 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial resistance level is high among pathogen bacteria especially hospitals.
T488 46919-47051 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibility levels of environmental bacteria from a national park in Turkey.
T489 47052-47123 Sentence denotes A total of 72 bacteria were defined by 16S rRNA sequencing (Figure 1 ).
T490 47124-47355 Sentence denotes The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 72 bacteria isolated were investigated to penicillin, ampicillin, lincomycin, erythromycin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracyclin, and chloramphenicol by agar diffusion MIC method.
T491 47356-47531 Sentence denotes Strains with high MICs for lincomycin, chloramphenicol and penicillin were tested for inactivation by Gots' test. b lactamase positive strains were tested for ESBL production.
T492 47532-47665 Sentence denotes All strains with high level MICs for gentamicin, tetracyclin, and chloramphenicol were studied for the presence of known gene by PCR.
T493 47666-47766 Sentence denotes Gram positive bacteria were tested for the presence of erytromycin, and vancomycin resistanve genes.
T494 47767-47865 Sentence denotes The following genes were tested for their presence: ermA, ermB, ermC, vanA, tetA, aac-aph and cat.
T495 47866-47874 Sentence denotes Results:
T496 47875-48073 Sentence denotes Among isolates high MIC rates were 76.3%, 75%, 70.8%, 68%, 54.1%, and 47.2% for ampicillin, penicillin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin, respectively among all isolates.
T497 48074-48235 Sentence denotes MIC values were evaluated for lincomycin, erythromycin and vancomycin among Gram (+) bacteria which showed 88.6%, 45.4%, and 15,9% high level MICs, respectively.
T498 48236-48344 Sentence denotes Gots' test showed that, 35 isolates inactivates penicillin and only one isolate inactivates chloramphenicol.
T499 48345-48397 Sentence denotes Among b-lactamase (+) strains one was ESBL producer.
T500 48398-48478 Sentence denotes Of 20 isolates with high level erythromycin MICs 2 had ermB, 1 ermC, and 0 ermA.
T501 48479-48538 Sentence denotes Of 51 isolate with high gentamicin MICs only 1 had aac-aph.
T502 48539-48638 Sentence denotes Of 39 tetracyclin resistant isolates 4 had tetA and 2 had tetM genes but 33 were negative for both.
T503 48639-48686 Sentence denotes Of 21 vancomycin resistant isolates 1 had vanA.
T504 48687-48793 Sentence denotes The vanA (+) isolate was E. faecium and ST type of this strain was close to 17 with one allele difference.
T1 48794-48806 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T2 48807-48873 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial resistance is one of the main public health problem.
T3 48874-49043 Sentence denotes The use of antimicrobials select resistance strains in hospitals but also the dispersion of antimicrobials to the nature may cause selection of resistance in the nature.
T4 49044-49164 Sentence denotes Our study showed presence of high level antimicrobial non-susceptibility among environmental isolates in a natural park.
T5 49165-49248 Sentence denotes The effect of environmental resistant strains on public health should be evaluated.
T6 49249-49260 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T7 49261-49412 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial agents are widely used in animal husbandry for treating infectious diseases and ensuring animal welfare and good quality food production.
T8 49413-49582 Sentence denotes It is well known that antimicrobial usage can select for resistant forms of bacteria and resistant strains can be exchanged between humans, animals and other ecosystems.
T9 49583-49824 Sentence denotes To the aim of monitoring resistance against selected antimicrobial agents commonly used in sheep producing milk, a survey was carried out on S. aureus strains isolated from milk of animals with mastitis problems in seven years from 87 farms.
T10 49825-49833 Sentence denotes Methods:
T11 49834-49985 Sentence denotes 172 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and collected from milk during 2002-2008 in sicilian livestocks with big problems of ovine mastitis.
T12 49986-50068 Sentence denotes The isolates in fact were used to prepare autogenous vaccine at the IZS of Sicily.
T13 50069-50434 Sentence denotes They were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by disk diffusion test (DDT) against the following agents: ampicillin (AMP 30mcg), amoxicillin+clavulanate (AMC 30mcg), enrofloxacin (ENR 5mcg), eritromycin (ER 15mcg), penicillin (P 10UI), tetracycline (TE 30mcg), vancomycin (VA 30mcg), oxacillin (OX 1mcg), oxytetracycline (OT 30mcg) according to CLSI guidelines.
T14 50435-50443 Sentence denotes Results:
T15 50444-50611 Sentence denotes As shown in the table 1, the number of clones resistant to AMP, AMC, P and Te, OT, the antimicrobials commonly used in animal husbandry, increased during 2002 to 2008.
T16 50612-50657 Sentence denotes The resistance to ER was also found (19−20%).
T17 50658-50746 Sentence denotes A low level of OX resistance was detected, with a decrease from 2002-2005 to 2006-2008 .
T18 50747-50853 Sentence denotes A double increase in tetracycline resistence is shown and an substantial increase in OT was also observed.
T19 50854-50998 Sentence denotes The presence of mecA gene was investigated by PCR and resulted in a 10% of positive clones with similar percentages in the 2 considered periods.
T20 50999-51044 Sentence denotes None of them showed resistance to VA and ENR.
T21 51045-51056 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T22 51057-51471 Sentence denotes The finding of a general increasing trend in antibiotic resistance against the selected drugs implies that the selective pressure has acted in the ecosystem favouring the espansion of resistant clones; for this reason is important the monitoring of drug resistance in food animals and a prudent usage of antibiotics in the veterinary field, to avoid major risk for increase drug resistance in the human population.
T23 51472-51536 Sentence denotes one-year results of a large, multicentre, observational study E.
T24 51537-51551 Sentence denotes Mantengoli, F.
T25 51552-51563 Sentence denotes Luzzaro, T.
T26 51564-51577 Sentence denotes Di Maggio, G.
T27 51578-51590 Sentence denotes Brigante, B.
T28 51591-51599 Sentence denotes Pini, A.
T29 51600-51610 Sentence denotes Goglio, L.
T30 51611-51622 Sentence denotes Ferrari, P.
T31 51623-51633 Sentence denotes Pecile, M.
T32 51634-51645 Sentence denotes Tinelli, E.
T33 51646-51660 Sentence denotes Tacconelli, R.
T34 51661-51672 Sentence denotes Cauda, G.M.
T35 51673-51754 Sentence denotes Rossolini* (Siena, Lecco, Bergamo, Cremona, Florence, Lodi, Rome, IT) Objectives:
T36 51755-51887 Sentence denotes Italy is among the countries reporting increasing resistance rates to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) in Enterobacteriaceae.
T37 51888-51944 Sentence denotes Production of extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs) and
T38 51945-52021 Sentence denotes AmpC-type b-lactamases (CBLs) remain the major mechanisms of ESC resistance.
T39 52022-52203 Sentence denotes We report here on the molecular epidemiology of ESBL-and CBL-producing enterobacterial isolates collected during one-year in a large, multicentric study recently conducted in Italy.
T40 52204-52334 Sentence denotes or Proteus mirabilis with reduced susceptibility to ESCs (cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime MICs >1 mg/L) during the period 2007-2008.
T41 52335-52400 Sentence denotes ESBL production was confirmed using the double-disk synergy test.
T42 52401-52503 Sentence denotes ESBL and CBL determinants were characterized by DNA hybridization and confirmed by PCR and sequencing.
T43 52504-52548 Sentence denotes Clonal relatedness was investigated by RAPD.
T44 52549-52557 Sentence denotes Results:
T45 52558-52733 Sentence denotes A total of 444 cases of infection caused by Enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibility to ESCs were enrolled (268 by E. coli, 74 by K. pneumoniae and 102 by P. mirabilis).
T46 52734-52851 Sentence denotes ESBL production was confirmed in 396 (89%) of isolates, CBL production was observed in all ESBLnegative P. mirabilis.
T47 52852-53060 Sentence denotes Among the ESBL producers, CTX-M-type enzymes were overall the most prevalent (80% overall, 91% in E. coli, 90% in Klebsiella, and 12% in Proteus) and mostly (95.8%) belonged in group 1 (CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-15).
T48 53061-53160 Sentence denotes However, CTX-Ms of groups 2 (1.1%, CTX-M-2) and 9 (3.1%, CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-27) were also detected.
T49 53161-53290 Sentence denotes Other ESBLs included TEM-and SHV-type variants (10% and 4.7% overall, respectively, including TEM-92, TEM-72 and SHV-12, SHV-2a).
T50 53291-53367 Sentence denotes All CBLs belonged in the CMY-2 lineage, being totally represented by CMY-16.
T51 53368-53534 Sentence denotes Clonal heterogeneity was observed among the ESBL producers of each species, although clonal expansion phenomena caused by CTX-M-producing E. coli ST131 were observed.
T52 53535-53612 Sentence denotes All CBLproducing P. mirabilis isolates were clonally related with each other.
T53 53613-53761 Sentence denotes In comparison with previous studies, a remarkable evolution of the molecular epidemiology of ESC-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was observed in Italy.
T54 53762-53946 Sentence denotes CTX-M-type enzymes have become the predominant ESBLs, with enzymes of group 2 and 9 also emerging, while CMY-2-like CBLs now significantly contribute to ESC resistance in P. mirabilis.
T55 53947-53963 Sentence denotes since the 1970s.
T56 53964-54055 Sentence denotes It is also recognised that there is a shift to Gram-negative pathogens with increasing age.
T57 54056-54201 Sentence denotes This study describes the trends in BSI pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility over 9 years at an Australian adult tertiary referral hospital.
T58 54202-54210 Sentence denotes Methods:
T59 54211-54295 Sentence denotes Positive blood cultures from 1st January 2001 till 31st December 2009 were reviewed.
T60 54296-54399 Sentence denotes Duplicate isolates (within 14 days of the primary culture) and patients <20 years of age were excluded.
T61 54400-54616 Sentence denotes Patients in haematology (including bone marrow transplantation), respiratory (including lung transplant and cystic fibrosis), oncology and burns units were also excluded as they represented heterogeneous populations.
T62 54617-54768 Sentence denotes Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) were excluded as it was not possible to retrospectively differentiate between true infections and contamination.
T63 54769-54777 Sentence denotes Results:
T64 54778-54877 Sentence denotes We found an overall decline in blood culture positivity rate from 9.48 to 4.80 per 1000 admissions.
T65 54878-54958 Sentence denotes Similarly, the proportion of positive cultures also decreased from 2.6% to 1.5%.
T66 54959-55061 Sentence denotes Overall, Grampositive pathogens were isolated in 48.9% of patients (S. aureus 24.0%, Enterococcus spp.
T67 55062-55174 Sentence denotes 7.1%, S. viridans 3.6%) compared to Gram-negative pathogens in 45.5% of patients (E. coli 20.3%, Klebsiella spp.
T68 55175-55197 Sentence denotes 6.9%, Pseudomonas spp.
T69 55198-55204 Sentence denotes 3.8%).
T70 55205-55299 Sentence denotes There was a trend to an increasing proportion of Gram-negative pathogens during these 9 years.
T71 55300-55457 Sentence denotes However, age specific proportions of Gram-positives and Gram-negatives remained similar, suggesting this relates to overall aging of the hospital population.
T72 55458-55563 Sentence denotes The proportion of S. aureus isolates that were methicillin-resistant (MRSA) declined from 54.0% to 27.5%.
T73 55564-55686 Sentence denotes In Gram-negatives, susceptibility to gentamicin and third generation cephalosporins by Enterobacteriaceae remained stable.
T74 55687-55815 Sentence denotes Ceftazidime resistance also remained stable, suggesting no increase in extended spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms.
T75 55816-55828 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T76 55829-56135 Sentence denotes Our study demonstrated important trends in epidemiology of BSI pathogens over time and their impact on choices of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, particularly for the elderly hospital inpatient population. b-lactams, gentamicin and quinolones all remain effective antibiotics for our patient population.
T77 56136-56147 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T78 56148-56350 Sentence denotes The primary objective of this study was to determine leading factors influencing the presence of antimicrobial residues in the environment and to rank their predicted environmental concentrations (PEC).
T79 56351-56359 Sentence denotes Methods:
T80 56360-56493 Sentence denotes A mechanistic model is presented for determination of antimicrobial presence in the environment (EXCEL 2003 with @Risk 5.0 ® add-on).
T81 56494-56717 Sentence denotes The model was tested for six main groups of antimicrobials consumed in Europe: penicillins (PEN), b-lactams (BET), tetracyclines (TET), macrolides (MAC), quinolone/fluoroquinolones (Q/F) and sulfonamides/trimethoprim (S/T).
T82 56718-56876 Sentence denotes The model simulates the release of antimicrobials into the environment by integrating the effects of antimicrobial use, metabolism, degradation, and dilution.
T83 56877-57011 Sentence denotes Each input variable was unified and assigned a probability density to represent inherent uncertainty and variability in the parameter.
T84 57012-57120 Sentence denotes The Monte Carlo simulation model resulted in probability distributions of PECs for each antimicrobial group.
T85 57121-57265 Sentence denotes Using regression analysis, resulting PECs were ranked in relation to resistance potential, chronic and acute toxicity and hazard quotient (HQ) .
T86 57266-57274 Sentence denotes Results:
T87 57275-57354 Sentence denotes The model simulated the mean PEC of PEN, BET, TET, MAC, Q/F and S/T (Table 1) .
T88 57355-57514 Sentence denotes Degradation was the main input influencing PEN PEC, usage was foremost for BET and S/T, while metabolism was the most critical input for TET, MAC and Q/F PECs.
T89 57515-57586 Sentence denotes Q/F expressed the highest rate of resistance formation potential (57%).
T90 57587-57676 Sentence denotes BET expressed a moderate HQ (2.02) with all remaining antimicrobials expressing a low HQ.
T91 57677-57753 Sentence denotes No antimicrobial group was predicted to express toxicity in the environment.
T92 57754-57890 Sentence denotes The observed results infer that current antimicrobial use can lead to levels in the environment which may increase resistance formation.
T93 57891-58022 Sentence denotes The legislation of new antimicrobials should consider metabolism, as it will greatly influence levels emitted into the environment.
T94 58023-58231 Sentence denotes The in-depth understanding of antimicrobial presence in the environment is lacking; specifically, with regard to lower limits of minimum inhibitory concentrations acting as selectors for resistance formation.
T95 58232-58443 Sentence denotes The use of ECOSAR ® for antimicrobial toxicity reference values is limited as the bacteria targeted by antimicrobials are phylogenetically distinct from the cyanobacteria used to calculate the EC/LCsub50 values.
T96 58444-58622 Sentence denotes The results and limitations presented here accentuate the need for further research into antimicrobials in the environment and the development of antimicrobial resistant strains.
T97 58623-58627 Sentence denotes C.C.
T98 58628-58635 Sentence denotes Lee, K.
T99 58636-58638 Sentence denotes T.
T100 58639-58649 Sentence denotes Wong, R.W.
T101 58650-58659 Sentence denotes Lai, T.K.
T102 58660-58693 Sentence denotes Ling* (Hong Kong, HK) Objectives:
T103 58694-58805 Sentence denotes Tigecycline is the first of the glycylcycline antimicrobial active against a wide range of bacterial pathogens.
T104 58806-58940 Sentence denotes We have participated in the global Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial (TEST) to study the in-vitro activity of tigecycline.
T105 58941-59038 Sentence denotes This report summarizes the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens collected in 2010.
T106 59039-59047 Sentence denotes Methods:
T107 59048-59154 Sentence denotes A total of 135 Gram-negative and 65 Gram-positive isolates were collected in the Prince of Wales Hospital.
T108 59155-59300 Sentence denotes MICs were determined using microdilution trays purchased from TREK Diagnostics Systems, East Grinstead, UK and interpreted using CLSI guidelines.
T109 59301-59328 Sentence denotes Table 1 and 2 respectively.
T110 59329-59393 Sentence denotes Shading denotes % resistance value smaller than or equal to 10%.
T111 59394-59405 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T112 59406-59557 Sentence denotes Tigecycline showed excellent activity against all Grampositive and Gram-negative isolates but less active against Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa.
T113 59558-59560 Sentence denotes A.
T114 59561-59570 Sentence denotes Ergin*,Ö.
T115 59571-59588 Sentence denotes Köseoglu Eser, G.
T116 59589-59622 Sentence denotes Hasçelik (Ankara, TR) Objectives:
T117 59623-59771 Sentence denotes Penicillin resistance concomitant with erythromycin resistance is a risk factor in the mortality of patients with S. mitis and S. oralis bacteremia.
T118 59772-59972 Sentence denotes The aim of the study was to determine penicillin and macrolide resistance mechanisms in invasive S. mitis and S. oralis bacteremia strains isolated from patients that have haematological malignancies.
T119 59973-60127 Sentence denotes Methods: S. mitis (n:23) and S. oralis (n:17) isolates from blood cultures of patients (n:40) with haematological malignancies were included in the study.
T120 60128-60176 Sentence denotes Isolates were identified with BD Phoenix system.
T121 60177-60249 Sentence denotes Penicillin and erythromycin susceptibilities were performed with E-test.
T122 60250-60370 Sentence denotes Vancomycin, clindamycin, cefotaxime, levofloxacin and linezolid susceptibilities were determined by broth microdilution.
T123 60371-60486 Sentence denotes Penicillin and erythromycin resistance genes, pbp1a, pbp2b, pbp2x, ermB and mefA/E were amplified using PCR method.
T124 60487-60557 Sentence denotes BamHI restriction enzyme was used for discrimination of mefA and mefE.
T125 60558-60566 Sentence denotes Results:
T126 60567-60595 Sentence denotes Patient age range was 42−84.
T127 60596-60633 Sentence denotes Twenty of fourty patients were women.
T128 60634-60729 Sentence denotes Thirty of the patients have diagnosed as myelogeneous (n:22) and lymphoblastic leukaemia (n:8).
T129 60730-60785 Sentence denotes Fifteen of the patients have died due to solid cancers.
T130 60786-60914 Sentence denotes Fourteen (35%) and eighteen (45%) strains were resistant to penicillin (MIC 4 mg/L) and erythromycin (MIC 4 mg/L), respectively.
T131 60915-60985 Sentence denotes Rate of resistance to clindamycin and cefotaxime were 32.5% and 22.5%.
T132 60986-61062 Sentence denotes All the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, levofloxacin and linezolid.
T133 61063-61145 Sentence denotes Five of penicillin resistant isolates carried pbp2b and three carried pbp2x genes.
T134 61146-61247 Sentence denotes Among erythromycin resistant and intermediate (n:23) isolates,16 exhibited ermB and 7 mefE genotypes.
T135 61248-61259 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T136 61260-61450 Sentence denotes Erythromycin resistance is highly due to ermB and followed by mefE genes and penicillin susceptibility can partially be explained by the presence of pbp2b and pbp2x genes among our isolates.
T137 61451-61701 Sentence denotes It is important to be aware of high level resistance of penicillin and erythromycin in S. mitis and S. oralis in patients with haematological malignancies as an emerging threat since susceptible empirical antibiotics may not reduce overall mortality.
T138 61702-61880 Sentence denotes R2332 Trend of antimicrobial susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolates from UTI and RTI of Japanese hospital participating in the levofloxacine surveillance group during 1994-2010
T139 61881-61883 Sentence denotes O.
T140 61884-61894 Sentence denotes Akira*, I.
T141 61895-61908 Sentence denotes Yoshikazu, T.
T142 61909-61921 Sentence denotes Kazuhiro, Y.
T143 61922-61980 Sentence denotes Keizo on behalf of the the Levofloxacin Surveillance group
T144 61981-61992 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T145 61993-62128 Sentence denotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become ploblematic because of an outbreak of multidrug-resistant clone producing metallob-lactamases (MBLs).
T146 62129-62284 Sentence denotes We have already been taken nationwide surveillance for FQ and other antimicrobials resistance against many bacterial clinical isolates since 1994 in Japan.
T147 62285-62475 Sentence denotes In this study, we report surveillance data for P. aeruginosa isolates from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) and with respiratory tract infection (RTI) collected between 1994-2010.
T148 62476-62484 Sentence denotes Methods:
T149 62485-62685 Sentence denotes A total of 7,019 clinical isolates (3, 232 isolates from UTI and 3,787 isolates from RTI) were collected from 92 centers participating in the Levofloxacin Surveillance group during 1994-2010 in Japan.
T150 62686-62892 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by broth microdilution methods was based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines that were updated annually as revised documents were published.
T151 62893-62917 Sentence denotes Results and Discussions:
T152 62918-62920 Sentence denotes 1.
T153 62921-63042 Sentence denotes UTI; The 'Susceptible' rate for levofloxacin has particularly increased over time (from 41.8% in 1994 to 74.2% in 2010) .
T154 63043-63292 Sentence denotes Although the cause of this increase is obscure, recent request for strict observance of the dosing period is probably implicated because drug use reviews do not show any decrease of the amount of levofloxacin used nationwide in the field of urology.
T155 63293-63375 Sentence denotes Amikacin and ceftazidime also showed a gradual increase of the 'Susceptible' rate.
T156 63376-63427 Sentence denotes The susceptibility for imipenem remained unchanged.
T157 63428-63636 Sentence denotes The rate of 4 drugs resistant isolate to levofloxacin, ceftazidime, amikacin and imipenem was about 1% until 1998, however increased to 4.6% abruptly in 2000 and then shifted at the level of approximately 4%.
T158 63637-63639 Sentence denotes 2.
T159 63640-63815 Sentence denotes RTI; The 'Susceptible' rate to levofloxacin, amikacin, ceftazidime and imipenem has been maintained constantly at a level of approximately 80%, 97%, 88% and 70%, respectively.
T160 63816-63964 Sentence denotes The rate of 4 drugs resistant isolate to levofloxacin, ceftazidime, amikacin and imipenem was in a moderate increase in comparison with that in UTI.
T161 63965-63967 Sentence denotes 3.
T162 63968-64114 Sentence denotes Metallo-b-lactamase; The rate of metallo-b-lactamase producing isolates from UTI and RTI was 8.0% in 2002 , 7.2% in 2004 and 5.6% in 2007 , and 1.
T163 64115-64183 Sentence denotes 5% in 2002 5% in 1.0% in 2004 5% in and 2.2% in 2007 , respectively.
T164 64184-64186 Sentence denotes Y.
T165 64187-64200 Sentence denotes Alikhani*, Z.
T166 64201-64217 Sentence denotes Karimi tabar, P.
T167 64218-64228 Sentence denotes Karami, A.
T168 64229-64239 Sentence denotes Zamani, S.
T169 64240-64290 Sentence denotes Farajnia (Hamadan, Zanjan, Tabriz, IR) Objectives:
T170 64291-64368 Sentence denotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide.
T171 64369-64452 Sentence denotes The infections can be particularly severe in patients with impaired immune systems.
T172 64453-64670 Sentence denotes The infections of this agent are frequently difficult to treat because of both the natural resistance of the species and its ability to acquire further resistance mechanisms to multiple groups of antimicrobial agents.
T173 64671-64806 Sentence denotes Resistance of P. aeruginosa strains to the broad-spectrum cephalosporins may be mediated by the extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs).
T174 64807-64970 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to determination of P. aeruginosa antibacterial resistance patterns and the prevalence of ESBLs producing strains as PER-1 and VEB genes.
T175 64971-64979 Sentence denotes Methods:
T176 64980-65057 Sentence denotes In our study, a total of 106 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were studied.
T177 65058-65218 Sentence denotes The isolates were collected from two university hospitals in Hamadan, Iran, during 7 month (2009), to assess the current levels of antimicrobial susceptibility.
T178 65219-65482 Sentence denotes The susceptibility of the investigate P. aeruginosa isolates to 12 antimicrobial agents was determine by the disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar plates and was interpreted according to the Clinical an Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendation.
T179 65483-65590 Sentence denotes ESBLs producing strains have detected by combined disk test and the presence of PER-1 and VEB genes by PCR.
T180 65591-65599 Sentence denotes Results:
T181 65600-65763 Sentence denotes The antibiotic resistance rates against the broad-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactames were: cefepime 97%, cefotaxime 92.5% ceftazidime 51%, and aztreonam 27%.
T182 65764-65872 Sentence denotes Ciprofloxacin (91.5%), imipenem (84.9) and meropenem (82.07) were the most effective antipseudomonal agents.
T183 65873-66002 Sentence denotes The results revealed that 94 (88.7%) of the isolates were multidrug resistant and 60 (58.25%) of the isolates were ESBL positive.
T184 66003-66138 Sentence denotes Sixteen (26.6%), 9 (15%) and 3 (5%) strains among 60 ESBLproducing strains amplified blaPER-1, blaVEB and blaPER-1/blaVEB respectively.
T185 66139-66150 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T186 66151-66314 Sentence denotes This study highlights needs to establish antimicrobial resistance surveillance networks for P. aeruginosa to determine the appropriate empirical treatment regimen.
T187 66315-66513 Sentence denotes Bacterial strains resistant to most classes of antibiotics will continue to emerge unless inappropriate uses of drugs are decreasing a continuous education of infection control practices maintained.
T188 66514-66701 Sentence denotes The high prevalence of multidrug resistance and production of ESBLS in P. aeruginosa isolates in patient confirm that Protocols considering these issues should be considered in hospitals.
T189 66702-66713 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T190 66714-66868 Sentence denotes To determine the epidemiologic, clinical, and microbiologic data of infections caused by drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP) in adult patients.
T191 66869-67082 Sentence denotes A retrospective study of all adult patients with pneumococcal infections who were hospitalized at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, was carried out from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2009.
T192 67083-67244 Sentence denotes In addition, a trend of prevalence of penicillin-and cephalosporin-non-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PNSP and CNSP) from 1997 to 2009 in our institute was analyzed.
T193 67245-67253 Sentence denotes Results:
T194 67254-67408 Sentence denotes Of 86 pneumococcal isolates, there were 70 (81.40%), 5 (5.81%), and 11 (12.79%) patients with pneumonia, primary bacteremia, and meningitis, respectively.
T195 67409-67518 Sentence denotes There were 56 (65.11%) males and 30 (34.89%) females with the mean age of 62 + 10 years (range 15-101 years).
T196 67519-67911 Sentence denotes Of 70 patients with pneumonia, there were 67 (95.70%), 3 (4.30%), 0 (0%), 70 (100%), 0 (0%), and 0 (0%) of penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP), penicillin-intermediate S. pneumoniae (PISP), penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP), cefotaxime-susceptible S. pneumoniae (CSSP), cefotaxime-intermediate S. pneumoniae (CISP), and cefotaxime-resistant S. pneumoniae (CRSP), respectively.
T197 67912-68015 Sentence denotes Of 5 patients with primary bacteremia, there were 5 (100%) and 5 (100%) of PSSP and CSSP, respectively.
T198 68016-68168 Sentence denotes Of 11 patients with meningitis, there were 7 (63.64%), 4 (36.36%), 10 (90.91%), 1 (9.09%), and 0 (0%) of PSSP, PRSP, CSSP, CISP, and CRSP, respectively.
T199 68169-68213 Sentence denotes All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin.
T200 68214-68332 Sentence denotes A trend of prevalence of meningitis caused by PNSP and CNSP from 1997 to 2009 in our institute is summarized in Table.
T201 68333-68345 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T202 68346-68457 Sentence denotes There is a relatively high prevalence of infections caused by PNSP and CNSP in adult patients in our institute.
T203 68458-68618 Sentence denotes This emphasizes an urgent need to strengthen both appropriate use of antimicrobials and strict infection control measures to help reduce the occurrence of DRSP.
T204 68619-68701 Sentence denotes Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates before introduction of PCV7 in Ankara, Turkeÿ O.
T205 68702-68720 Sentence denotes Köseoglu Eser*, H.
T206 68721-68737 Sentence denotes Uludag Altun, D.
T207 68738-68745 Sentence denotes Gür, G.
T208 68746-68779 Sentence denotes Hascelik (Ankara, TR) Objectives:
T209 68780-69094 Sentence denotes In this study, macrolide resistance mechanisms and the diversity of PBPs 2b, 2x and 1a of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) isolates identified from patients admitted to Hacettepe Hospitals before the introduction of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Turkey between 1996 and 2008 was investigated.
T210 69095-69103 Sentence denotes Methods:
T211 69104-69265 Sentence denotes Invasive SP clinical isolates were collected from children and adults admitted to Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital and Adult Hospital of Hacettepe University.
T212 69266-69569 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all isolates were performed for six antimicrobial agents; penicillin (PEN), ceftriaxone (CRO), levofloxacin (LEV), erythromycin (EM), clindamycin (CD) and vancomycin (VAN) by broth microdilution method according to "Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI".
T213 69570-69647 Sentence denotes Serotypes were determined by Quellung reaction with specific antisera for SP.
T214 69648-69739 Sentence denotes Isolates with MIC 0.125 mg/ml were examined for the PBP genes pbp2b, pbp2x ve pbp1a by PCR.
T215 69740-69861 Sentence denotes Resistance genotypes of EM resistant isolates (MIC 0.5mg/ml) were determined by a multiplex erm(B)/mef PCR method for SP.
T216 69862-69915 Sentence denotes RFLP analysis was done to differentiate mefA/E genes.
T217 69916-69924 Sentence denotes Results:
T218 69925-70024 Sentence denotes Of the 182 nonduplicated pneumococcal isolates, 59 were obtained from children and 123 from adults.
T219 70025-70097 Sentence denotes Of these, 32 were cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 150 were blood isolates.
T220 70098-70155 Sentence denotes In 16 of CSF isolates (50.0%), MICs for PEN were 2 mg/ml.
T221 70156-70264 Sentence denotes EM resistance (MIC 0.5mg/ml) was found in 23 (12.6%) isolates, of these 11 were resistant to both EM and CD.
T222 70265-70343 Sentence denotes In EM resistant isolates, 10 (43.5%) had ermB gene, two (8.7%) had mef E gene.
T223 70344-70537 Sentence denotes In 55 isolates with PEN MIC 0.125 mg/ml, 27 (49.1%) had pbp2x, pbp2x and pbp1a together, four (7.3%) pbp2x and pbp2b, three (5.5%) pbp2b, one pbp2x and pbp2b, one pbp2B and pbp1a and one pbp1a.
T224 70538-70603 Sentence denotes In all isolates, resistance for LEV was 1% and 0 for CRO and VAN.
T225 70604-70717 Sentence denotes In the paediatric age group, 17 different serotypes and in the adult group, 23 different serotypes were observed.
T226 70718-70789 Sentence denotes The most frequent serogroups in both age groups were 6, 3, 23, 9 and 5.
T227 70790-70802 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T228 70803-70917 Sentence denotes Although there was no resistance for PEN among the blood isolates, PEN resistance was high among the CSF isolates.
T229 70918-71001 Sentence denotes The major serotype associated with PEN resistance in CSF isolates was serotype 23F.
T230 71002-71053 Sentence denotes Analysis of PBP genes showed predominancy in pbp2B.
T231 71054-71214 Sentence denotes The predominant mechanism of macrolide resistance is associated with the erm(B) gene with strains showing co-resistance to clindamycin in the majority of cases.
T232 71215-71304 Sentence denotes in large conjugative plasmids of enterococci from different ecological niches are scarce.
T233 71305-71456 Sentence denotes Our goal was to analyze the occurrence of tcrB among enterococci from different ecological niches and to characterize the genetic context of this gene.
T234 71457-71465 Sentence denotes Methods:
T235 71466-71484 Sentence denotes We analyzed 214 E.
T236 71485-71838 Sentence denotes 23 E. gallinarum, 4 E. casseliflavus, 37 E. hirae, 97 Enterococci sp from hospitalized humans (H, n = 103); healthy humans (HV, n = 125), poultry (P, n = 129), piggeries environment/swine (PE, n = 232) and sewage/ river (SR, n = 52) recovered from different Portuguese areas (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) (2001) (2002) (2003) (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007) .
T237 71839-71889 Sentence denotes Genes coding for CuR and ABR were searched by PCR.
T238 71890-72062 Sentence denotes Mating assays were performed for 45 representative tcrB+ isolates in the presence of tetracycline, erythromycin, vancomycin or gentamicin, using different receptor strains.
T239 72063-72105 Sentence denotes Clonality was studied by PFGE (SmaI)/MLST.
T240 72106-72182 Sentence denotes Co-localization of tcrB and ABR genes was assessed by S1 PFGE hybridization.
T241 72183-72309 Sentence denotes Results: tcrB was detected in 15% (98/641) of isolates (26% PE, 15% SR, 11% HV, 9% P, 3% H; 59 Efm, 14 Efl, 25 other species).
T242 72310-72406 Sentence denotes It was co-transferred with ABR genes (ermB-20; vanA-7; tetM-5; tetL-2; aac(6 )-Ie-aph(2 )-Ia-1).
T243 72407-72480 Sentence denotes A polyclonal population was detected among tcrB+ representative isolates.
T244 72481-72605 Sentence denotes Among Efm, 32 PFGE types corresponded to CC17 (ST18, ST393, ST431); CC5 (ST5, ST185, ST150) and also ST432, ST434 and ST432.
T245 72606-72639 Sentence denotes Ten Efl PFGE types were detected.
T246 72640-72791 Sentence denotes A few common strains were identified within and between niches (PFGE A-PE and H). tcrB was located on plasmids of 90-120kb in Efl and 120-300kb in Efm.
T247 72792-73072 Sentence denotes The tcrB gene was located alone (5Efm PE, HV; 1Efl P) or with vanA (1Efm; PE), tetL (2Efm PE, HV), tetM (3Efm PE, HV), ermB (2Efm PE, SR; 2Efl PE, P), tetL+ermB (5Efm PE, HV), tetM+ermB (2Efm PE, SR), tetM+tetL (1Efl P), vanA+tetM+ermB (1Efm PE), tetM+tetL+ermB (6Efm PE, HV, SR).
T248 73073-73220 Sentence denotes In 14 isolates tetM, tetL, ermB or aac(6 )-Ie-aph(2 )-Ia were located in other plasmids (25−90Kb), which co-transferred with those of tcrB (n = 4).
T249 73221-73414 Sentence denotes The co-transference of tcrB with other ABR genes located in the same or different plasmids suggest that the intensive use of copper in some niches might favour the selection of ABR enterococci.
T250 73415-73501 Sentence denotes Both plasmid transfer and clonal expansion play important roles in the spread of tcrB.
T251 73502-73513 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T252 73514-73602 Sentence denotes Nosocomial infections remain the main cause of morbidity and mortality in burn patients.
T253 73603-73698 Sentence denotes Infections caused by A. baumannii have emerged as a significant problem reported in burn units.
T254 73699-73918 Sentence denotes A. baumannii strains are usually resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents including carbapenems which represent an important option for the treatment of Acinetobacter infections caused by multidrug-resistant isolates.
T255 73919-74147 Sentence denotes The most common mechanism responsible for carbapenem-resistance are carbapenem-hydrolysing-b-lactamases belonging to molecular class D (OXA enzymes) and also may be associated with the presence of an insertion sequence (ISAba1).
T256 74148-74231 Sentence denotes The aim of the study was detection of:1) OXA encoding genes; 2) presence of ISAba1.
T257 74232-74240 Sentence denotes Methods:
T258 74241-74366 Sentence denotes A total of 32 A. baumannii strains were collected from 2007-2010 in burn unit (BU) of Specialized Hospital in Krakow, Poland.
T259 74367-74467 Sentence denotes All strains selected to this study were carbapenem-resistant and were isolated from single patients.
T260 74468-74592 Sentence denotes Identification and susceptibility testing were performed by VITEK-2 Compact (bioMérieux, Poland) according to CLSI criteria.
T261 74593-74758 Sentence denotes Multiplex PCR described by Woodford et al. (2006) was applied for detection of OXA carbapenemases encoding genes (blaoxa-51-like, blaoxa-24-like and blaoxa-23-like).
T262 74759-74855 Sentence denotes All strains were also tested for the presence of 549-bp fragment containing a portion of ISAba1.
T263 74856-74864 Sentence denotes Results:
T264 74865-75094 Sentence denotes Antibiotic resistance rate to piperacillin was 100%, piperacillintazobactam 94%, ceftazidime 91%, cefepime 94%, imipenem 100%, meropenem 100%, gentamicin 100%, ciprofloxacin 100% but was only 3% to tobramycin and 25% to amikacin.
T265 75095-75206 Sentence denotes All carbapenem-resistant isolates contained intrinsic gene encoding b-lactamase belonging to OXA-51-like group.
T266 75207-75322 Sentence denotes The isolates were also found to encode blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-24-like genes respectively in 28 (88%) and 2 (6%).
T267 75323-75389 Sentence denotes ISAba1 insertion sequence gene was detected in all tested strains.
T268 75390-75402 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T269 75403-75469 Sentence denotes Carbapenem resistance in tested isolates might be associated with:
T270 75470-75695 Sentence denotes 1) expression of acquired oxacillinases belonging to OXA-23-like and OXA-24-like groups; 2) extended expression of intrinsic oxacillinases belonging to OXA-51-like group supported by the presence of insertion sequence ISAba1.
T271 75696-75698 Sentence denotes A.
T272 75699-75712 Sentence denotes González*, J.
T273 75713-75722 Sentence denotes Nigri, V.
T274 75723-75736 Sentence denotes Hernández, R.
T275 75737-75751 Sentence denotes González, M.A.
T276 75752-75785 Sentence denotes Ferrús (Valencia, ES) Objectives:
T277 75786-75847 Sentence denotes Arcobacter butzleri has been associated with human infection.
T278 75848-75899 Sentence denotes Fluoroquinolones are potential drugs for treatment.
T279 75900-75982 Sentence denotes However, there is evidence of increasing resistance to these antimicrobial agents.
T280 75983-76094 Sentence denotes This resistance may occur due to mutations in a quinolone resistancedetermining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene.
T281 76095-76218 Sentence denotes Therefore the goal of this study was to look for the mutations associated with quinolone resistance in Arcobacter isolates.
T282 76219-76227 Sentence denotes Methods:
T283 76228-76330 Sentence denotes Forty-four A. butzleri isolates and the reference strain A. butzleri DSM 8739 were used in this study.
T284 76331-76481 Sentence denotes Arcobacter susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was determined by disc diffusion tests (BD, USA) and E-test ® strips (AB BIODISK, Sweden).
T285 76482-76757 Sentence denotes As there is not any recommendation about antibiotic resistance of arcobacters, the disc diffusion breakpoints and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI ® ) for campylobacters.
T286 76758-76875 Sentence denotes All the isolates were subsequently analysed in order to determine the presence of mutations in the QRDR of gyrA gene.
T287 76876-77073 Sentence denotes For that purpose, a 344-bp fragment of gyrA gene of Arcobacter spp. was amplified using F-QRDR (5 -TGG ATT AAA GCC AGT TCA TAG AAG-3 ) and R2-QRDR (5 -TCA TMG WAT CAT CAT AAT TTG GWA C-3 ) primers.
T288 77074-77164 Sentence denotes Finally, PCR products were purified and sequenced on both strands by Sistemas Genómicos S.
T289 77165-77187 Sentence denotes L. (Valencia, Spain) .
T290 77188-77196 Sentence denotes Results:
T291 77197-77318 Sentence denotes Among the 44 isolates tested, 31 were sensitive and the remaining 13 were considered to be resistant to both antibiotics.
T292 77319-77394 Sentence denotes A disc diffusion zone of 6 mm and a MIC value 4 mg/mL indicates resistance.
T293 77395-77553 Sentence denotes The MIC values with respect to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin ranged from 0.064 to 0.38 mg/mL and 0.094 to 0.5 mg/mL, respectively for the sensitive isolates.
T294 77554-77643 Sentence denotes The 13 resistant isolates presented MICs ranging from 8 to 32 mg/mL for both antibiotics.
T295 77644-77778 Sentence denotes The sequencing of the 344-bp PCR product revealed a mutation in position 254 of the gyrA gene in the 13 resistant Arcobacter isolates.
T296 77779-77906 Sentence denotes This C-254 to T mutation could be the cause of quinolones resistance as this change was absent in all the susceptible isolates.
T297 77907-78053 Sentence denotes This study shows high rates of quinolone resistance in arcobacters that was always associated to one mutation in the QRDR region of the gyrA gene.
T298 78054-78255 Sentence denotes The increasing resistance to this class of antibiotics could be a public health concern as they have been reported to be the most commonly used and best performing fluoroquinolones against arcobacters.
T299 78256-78258 Sentence denotes A.
T300 78259-78269 Sentence denotes Ergin *,Ö.
T301 78270-78287 Sentence denotes Köseoglu Eser, N.
T302 78288-78303 Sentence denotes Pakasticali, G.
T303 78304-78337 Sentence denotes Hasçelik (Ankara, TR) Objectives:
T304 78338-78510 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility, metallo b-lactamase production (MBL) and dissemination of oxacillinase genes among multidrug resistant (
T305 78512-78553 Sentence denotes Salmonella serovars isolated in Iran M.R.
T306 78554-78573 Sentence denotes Aghasadeghi *, S.D.
T307 78574-78584 Sentence denotes Siadat, B.
T308 78585-78595 Sentence denotes Rajaei, F.
T309 78596-78608 Sentence denotes Badmasti, N.
T310 78609-78624 Sentence denotes Sepehri Rad, R.
T311 78625-78635 Sentence denotes Sabohi, S.
T312 78636-78650 Sentence denotes Javadian, M.R.
T313 78651-78661 Sentence denotes Razavi, S.
T314 78662-78682 Sentence denotes Najar Peerayeh, S.M.
T315 78683-78696 Sentence denotes Zahraei, R.A.
T316 78697-78716 Sentence denotes Khavari-Nejad, S.M.
T317 78717-78726 Sentence denotes Sadat, A.
T318 78727-78738 Sentence denotes Moshiri, A.
T319 78739-78769 Sentence denotes Rahimi (Tehran, IR) Objective:
T320 78770-78897 Sentence denotes High levels of multidrug resistance are normally associated with mobile genetic elements that encode specific resistance genes.
T321 78898-79015 Sentence denotes Among these genetic elements are the integrons, which are structures that can integrate and express resistance genes.
T322 79016-79109 Sentence denotes Integrons play an important role in the capture and expression of exogenous genetic material.
T323 79110-79118 Sentence denotes Methods:
T324 79119-79261 Sentence denotes Eighty five epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates of Salmonella.spp were collected from different provinces of Iran through 2008-2009.
T325 79262-79399 Sentence denotes All isolates were serotyped comprising four serovars (A, B, C, D) and tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility for several antibiotic.
T326 79400-79502 Sentence denotes All isolates were screened for the presence of class 1 integron using primers specific for intI1 gene.
T327 79503-79625 Sentence denotes The gene cassettes inserted in the variable region of class 1 integrons were amplified using 5 -CS and 3 -CS primer pairs.
T328 79626-79736 Sentence denotes The PCR products were extracted from agarose gel and purified with the High Pure PCR Product Purification Kit.
T329 79737-79924 Sentence denotes According to the size of IVR amplified, one representative band of each group were sequenced and compared with the GenBank sequences using online BLAST software ww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST.
T330 79925-80004 Sentence denotes Following this analysis, sequences were submitted to the EMBL/GenBank database.
T331 80005-80013 Sentence denotes Results:
T332 80014-80132 Sentence denotes Forty isolates (47.05%) which were resistant to at least 4 antimicrobial agents considered as MDR Salmonella serovars.
T333 80133-80202 Sentence denotes Of the 85 isolates, 58.82% (50 isolates) presented class 1 integrons.
T334 80203-80262 Sentence denotes 68% (34 cases) of these isolates were multidrug resistance.
T335 80263-80517 Sentence denotes PCR assays and DNA sequencing of internal variable regions (IVRs) of class 1 integron characterized four gene cassette arrays including dhfr7 (0.8 kb), aadA1 (1kp), blaP1 (1.2 kb),dhfr7-aadA1 (1.6 kb) with eight IVR distribution patterns in MDR isolates.
T336 80518-80810 Sentence denotes The nucleotide sequences of aadA1 gene, the dhfr7 gene, the blaP1 gene, the dhfr1-aadA1 gene cassette and the aadA1 gene in the class 1 integrons have been deposited in the NCBI GenBank sequence databases under the accession numbers HQ132374,HQ132376,HQ132377,HQ132378, HQ132375 respectively.
T337 80811-80822 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T338 80823-80955 Sentence denotes High frequency of MDR Salmonella serovars demonstrates that antimicrobial selection pressure is widespread in our clinical settings.
T339 80956-81236 Sentence denotes Detection of class 1 integron carrying gene cassettes which confer resistance to different classes of antibiotics such as aminoglycosides,b-lactams and trimethoprim confirms that integronmediated antimicrobial gene cassettes are common in MDR Salmonella serovars isolated in Iran.
T340 81237-81377 Sentence denotes With regard to biofilm production of isolates studied, all isolates were positive in different degree of production, except of two isolates.
T341 81378-81417 Sentence denotes This study shown that the nontypable S.
T342 81418-81541 Sentence denotes Typhimurium isolates were characterized by multidrug antimicrobial resistance encoded by class 1 integrons in some of them.
T343 81542-81646 Sentence denotes PFGE analysis suggested presence of the multiple clones of nontypable clinical isolates of this serovar.
T344 81647-81814 Sentence denotes This work was supported by Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic under the project "Molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance of nontyphoid salmonella serovars".
T345 81815-81817 Sentence denotes I.
T346 81818-81829 Sentence denotes Gajic *, V.
T347 81830-81839 Sentence denotes Mijac, I.
T348 81840-81853 Sentence denotes Lazarevic, M.
T349 81854-81868 Sentence denotes Stanojevic, N.
T350 81869-81902 Sentence denotes Opavski (Belgrade, RS) Objective:
T351 81903-81982 Sentence denotes Group A streptococci (GAS), are the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis.
T352 81983-82101 Sentence denotes Penicillin remains the first line therapy for GAS infections, but in the case of allergy, macrolides are used instead.
T353 82102-82202 Sentence denotes However, resistance to these antibiotics among GAS population is in rise in many European countries.
T354 82203-82389 Sentence denotes The distribution of resistance pheno/ genotypes as well as the prevalence of different emm types among macrolide resistant strains varies considerably in different regions and with time.
T355 82390-82565 Sentence denotes Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate phenotypes, genotypes and emm type distribution among macrolide resistant GAS isolates from pharyngitis patients in Serbia.
T356 82566-82574 Sentence denotes Methods:
T357 82575-82702 Sentence denotes Fifty one GAS isolates exhibiting macrolide resistance were collected from various regions from Serbia in the period 2008-2009.
T358 82703-82886 Sentence denotes Phenotypes of erythromycin resistance (M, iMLS and cMLS phenotype) were evaluated by triple disk diffusion test with erythromycin, clindamycin and spiramycin, as previously described.
T359 82887-82982 Sentence denotes The corresponding resistance genes: mefA, ermA, and ermB were detected using PCR amplification.
T360 82983-83116 Sentence denotes The emm genotypes were determined by PCR with "all M" primers following a previously published protocol by Podbielski and co-workers.
T361 83117-83125 Sentence denotes Results:
T362 83126-83239 Sentence denotes Out of 51 GAS isolates, the majority (71%) harbored mef A, 25% had ermA, while, ermB was rarely encountered (4%).
T363 83240-83284 Sentence denotes All strains with M phenotype had mef A gene.
T364 83285-83374 Sentence denotes Out of 13 iMLS isolates, all were ermA positive, and one harbored additionally mefA gene.
T365 83375-83434 Sentence denotes ErmB was present in 2 out of 3 strains with cMLS phenotype.
T366 83435-83568 Sentence denotes Emm genotyping revealed the presence of 5 different emm types: emm 75 (47%), emm 77 (25%), emm 12 (24%), emm 28 (2%) and emm118 (2%).
T367 83569-83738 Sentence denotes The relation of emm types and particular resistance mechanisms could be observed: all emm 75 type isolates were mefA positive and all emm 77 isolates were ermA positive.
T368 83739-83890 Sentence denotes Emm 12 was encountered among isolates harboring mefA as well as in one ermA positive strain and one cMLS strain that harbored none of the tested genes.
T369 83891-83947 Sentence denotes Erm B positive strains were of emm 28 and emm 118 types.
T370 83948-83959 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T371 83960-84105 Sentence denotes Our data show the predominance of efflux mediated resistance (mefA) and homogenous emm type distribution among macrolide resistant GAS in Serbia.
T372 84106-84173 Sentence denotes Genotypes associated with resistance were mainly emm 75 and emm 77.
T373 84174-84180 Sentence denotes H. -Y.
T374 84181-84192 Sentence denotes Lee*, R.-C.
T375 84193-84205 Sentence denotes Chang, L.-H.
T376 84206-84215 Sentence denotes Su, T.-Y.
T377 84216-84226 Sentence denotes Lin, C.-H.
T378 84227-84257 Sentence denotes Chiu (Taoyuan, TW) Objectives:
T379 84258-84450 Sentence denotes A total of 82 A. baumannii clinical isolates from two teaching hospitals in Taiwan in December of 2006 and 2009 were collected and examined in order to elucidate current resistance mechanisms.
T380 84451-84587 Sentence denotes The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of imipenem, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone were checked by E-test analysis to these isolates.
T381 84588-84806 Sentence denotes Primers specific for resistance genes (blaIMP-1, blaVIM-1, blaADC) and upstream regions of insertion sequences (ISAba1, ISAba2, ISAba3, ISAba4 or IS1008) were designed for PCR amplification and sequence identification.
T382 84807-84902 Sentence denotes All 62 A. baumannii isolates in 2009 were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
T383 84903-84978 Sentence denotes The 30-day mortality data of patients with isolates in 2009 were collected.
T384 84979-84987 Sentence denotes Results:
T385 84988-85176 Sentence denotes The upstream ISAba1 was found in 53 isolates with blaOXA-23, including Tn2006 (ISAba1-blaOXA-23-ISAba1, n = 47) and Tn2008 (ISAba1-blaOXA-23, n = 6), and in 9 isolates with blaOXA-51-like.
T386 85177-85255 Sentence denotes All these isolates expressed full resistance to imipenem (MIC >32) (Table 1) .
T387 85256-85365 Sentence denotes ISAba3-blaOXA-58-ISAba3 was found in 3 isolates and offered 2 isolates with resistance to imipenem (MIC >12).
T388 85366-85488 Sentence denotes In the contrast, without upstream ISAba1, or ISAba3, isolates with OXA-type b-lactamases were all susceptible to imipenem.
T389 85489-85712 Sentence denotes The upstream ISAba1 found in 50 isolates with blaADC-25 and the upstream ISAba1 or ISAba3 found in other 3 isolates with OXA-type b-lactamases offered these isolates with full resistance to both ceftriaxone and ceftazidime.
T390 85713-86005 Sentence denotes Isolates with the combination of upstream ISAba1 or ISAba3 and OXAtype b-lactamases or blaADC-25 showed more resistant to imipenem, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone than those without such combination (all P < 0.001 All the strains produced one (77%) or more (23%) b-lactamases of different types.
T391 86006-86131 Sentence denotes There were 4 types of b-lactamases with isoelectric points (pI) 5.4 (TEM-1), 5.7 (PSE), 7.0 (OXA-1) and 7.6 (SHV-1) detected.
T392 86132-86245 Sentence denotes Predominant types of enzymes, responsible for the resistance to ampicillin, were OXA-1 (52.2%) and TEM-1 (46.0%).
T393 86246-86297 Sentence denotes Frequency of other types of b-lactamases was lower:
T394 86298-86331 Sentence denotes 17.7% for SHV-1 and 8.0% for PSE.
T395 86332-86384 Sentence denotes Totally ten spectrums of b-lactamases were detected.
T396 86385-86502 Sentence denotes The prevalence of one enzyme production in the studied strains was revealed − OXA-1 (39.8% strains) or TEM-1 (25.7%).
T397 86503-86610 Sentence denotes The combination of two enzymes − TEM-1+SHV-1 or TEM-1+OXA-1 produced 9.7% and 8.8% of strains respectively.
T398 86611-86679 Sentence denotes The other combinations of enzymes were revealed only in 1−2 strains.
T399 86680-86761 Sentence denotes Few strains produced only one enzyme − PSE or SHV-1 − 6.2% and 5.3% respectively.
T400 86762-86847 Sentence denotes Only one strain (S. enteritidis) produced three types of enzymes (TEM-1+OXA-1+SHV-1).
T401 86848-86850 Sentence denotes 1.
T402 86851-87023 Sentence denotes The resistance to ampicillin in Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. in St. Petersburg and North-West region of Russia was mostly due to production of one type of b-lactamase.
T403 87024-87026 Sentence denotes 2.
T404 87027-87086 Sentence denotes The predominant types of b-lactamases were OXA-1 and TEM-1.
T405 87087-87089 Sentence denotes 3.
T406 87090-87201 Sentence denotes The most widespread combinations of these enzymes, detected in 18.5% strains, were TEM-1+SHV-1 and TEM-1+OXA-1.
T407 87202-87204 Sentence denotes T.
T408 87205-87215 Sentence denotes Demir*, N.
T409 87216-87225 Sentence denotes Coplu, H.
T410 87226-87236 Sentence denotes Bayrak, M.
T411 87237-87246 Sentence denotes Turan, T.
T412 87247-87261 Sentence denotes Büyükgüçlü, D.
T413 87262-87274 Sentence denotes Caliskan, B.
T414 87275-87285 Sentence denotes Yalcin, U.
T415 87286-87295 Sentence denotes Cinar, N.
T416 87296-87306 Sentence denotes Atakan, Z.
T417 87307-87318 Sentence denotes Karahan, B.
T418 87319-87543 Sentence denotes Esen (Kirsehir, Ankara, Mersin, Karabuk, TR) Objectives: PVL toxin is commonly associated with community acquired-S. aureus isolates with a wide range of diseases including skin, soft tissue and pulmoner infections, as well.
T419 87544-87651 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of PVL toxin co-carriage both in wound and nasal samples.
T420 87652-87660 Sentence denotes Methods:
T421 87661-87781 Sentence denotes Susceptibility of C. striatum strains to erythromycin and clindamycin was analyzed by Etest (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden).
T422 87782-87832 Sentence denotes For spiramycin the disk diffusion method was used.
T423 87833-87932 Sentence denotes The type of resistance of the C. striatum strains was elucidated by the double disc diffusion test.
T424 87933-88038 Sentence denotes The gene(s) associated with resistance were isolated by PCR with primers specific for ermX and mef genes.
T425 88039-88217 Sentence denotes The region surrounding the resistance gene(s) in two representative C. striatum isolates was cloned by inverse PCR using primers designed from the sequence of their ermX alleles.
T426 88218-88351 Sentence denotes The transferability of the resistance gene(s) from two C. striatum strains to E. coli was assayed by electroporation and conjugation.
T427 88352-88360 Sentence denotes Results:
T428 88361-88497 Sentence denotes We analyzed a collection of 74 C. striatum from clinical specimens responsible for cases of wound infections, skin ulcers and pneumonia.
T429 88498-88691 Sentence denotes 64 C. striatum were resistant to erythromycin, 64 to clindamycin and 62 to spiramycin; 62 were resistant to both erythromycin and clindamycin; 60 isolates were resistant to the three compounds.
T430 88692-88789 Sentence denotes The gene ermX was detected in 62 of the 64 C. striatum resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin.
T431 88790-88863 Sentence denotes This gene was also found in one isolate sensitive to the three compounds.
T432 88864-88999 Sentence denotes Preliminary results indicate that in our C. striatum isolates the gene ermX is chromosomic and does not take part of transposon Tn5432.
T433 89000-89011 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T434 89012-89189 Sentence denotes Our study revealed a high incidence of resistance to two macrolides and clindamycin in C. striatum clinical strains isolated at hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.
T435 89190-89316 Sentence denotes First results show that in our C. striatum collection the ermX gene is chromosomic and is not associated to transposon Tn5432.
T436 89317-89319 Sentence denotes A.
T437 89320-89333 Sentence denotes Ripoll*, M.C.
T438 89334-89348 Sentence denotes Turrientes, R.
T439 89349-89359 Sentence denotes Cantón, M.
T440 89360-89368 Sentence denotes Tato, L.
T441 89369-89390 Sentence denotes Martínez-Martínez, F.
T442 89391-89404 Sentence denotes Baquero, J.C.
T443 89405-89446 Sentence denotes Galán (Madrid, Santander, ES) Objectives:
T444 89447-89607 Sentence denotes Unlike TEM and SHV, b-lactam plus b-lactamase inhibitor (BBLIs) resistant variants among CTX-M enzymes have not hitherto been described in the clinical setting.
T445 89608-89709 Sentence denotes These variants may exist but their phenotypic patterns could be confused with those of IRT or IR-SHV.
T446 89710-90051 Sentence denotes The objectives of this work were: i) to test if an automatic susceptibility testing system (Wider) and blind expert analysis might identify different CTX-Ms harbouring different laboratory-introduced mutations conferring increased MICs to BBLIs; ii) to compare the efficiency to detect IR-CTX-M enzymes when using CLSI or EUCAST breakpoints.
T447 90052-90060 Sentence denotes Methods:
T448 90061-90391 Sentence denotes 14 constructions of hybrid plasmids containing 3 wildtype CTX-M genes and 11 CTX-M laboratory-obtained coding for enzymes resistant to inhibitors were transformed into 4 isogenic E. coli laboratory strains with porin membrane alterations: MKW505 (wild-type), KAEC5 (ompC::Kn), MH621 (ompF::lacZ) and KAECF5 (ompF::lacZ; ompC::Kn).
T449 90392-90593 Sentence denotes Wild-type CTX-Ms were CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-14 and mutated CTX-M belonged to these CTX-Ms but carrying changes (S130G, S237G and K234R) that we previously described conferring increased BBLI MICs.
T450 90594-90602 Sentence denotes Results:
T451 90603-90712 Sentence denotes All wild-type CTX-Ms into the four genetic backgrounds were correctly detected by Wider and expert personnel.
T452 90713-90945 Sentence denotes Those six mutated CTX-Ms carrying S130G were classified by Wider as IRT (with and without overexpression of TEM) or ESBL (2 cases) while expert personnel as IRT (2), overexpression of TEM (1), overexpression of SHV (1) and ESBL (2).
T453 90946-91064 Sentence denotes Those three mutated CTX-Ms-K234R and two CTX-Ms-S237G mutants were classified as ESBL with Wider and expert personnel.
T454 91065-91224 Sentence denotes Using current breakpoints, reference CTX-Ms were always identified as ESBL, except KAECF5-CTX-M-1 which was classified as IR phenotype with EUCAST breakpoints.
T455 91225-91379 Sentence denotes All variants were coincidently identified as IRT in CTX-Ms-S130G and as ESBL in CTX-Ms-K234R and CTX-Ms-S237G when using both CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints.
T456 91380-91504 Sentence denotes Interestingly, CTX-M-14-K234R and CTX-M-35-S130G were classified as IR-ESBL when using EUCAST but not with CLSI breakpoints.
T457 91505-91517 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T458 91518-91723 Sentence denotes Not a single IR-CTX-M phenotype was detectable either by the automatic system or the blind expert analysis, suggesting that these IR-CTX-M variants could be overlooked in the clinical microbiology setting.
T459 91724-91812 Sentence denotes When using current breakpoints, EUCAST detected more IR-CTX-M-ESBL phenotypes than CLSI.
T460 91813-91932 Sentence denotes This result suggests that EUCAST must be considered as reference to detect these IR-CTX-M mutants in the future. -29) .
T461 91933-92154 Sentence denotes Five of these isolates exhibited a high level resistance to the 3 carbapenems tested (MICs 128 mg/L) whereas 2 strains (producing either IMP-2 or IMP-29) turned out to be moderately resistant to imipenem (MIC of 32 mg/L).
T462 92155-92215 Sentence denotes No class A or D carbapenemases were found in the collection.
T463 92216-92372 Sentence denotes Among the 98 remaining strains (93.3%), the decreased susceptibility to imipenem (MIC from 6 to 64 mg/L) was attributed to alteration or loss of porin OprD.
T464 92373-92521 Sentence denotes In these impermeability mutants, the activity of meropenem and doripenem was generally better than that of imipenem (MICs from 2 to 16 times lower).
T465 92522-92533 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T466 92534-92626 Sentence denotes Seven % of the imipenem non-susceptible P. aeruginosa isolated in French ICUs produce a MBL.
T467 92627-92690 Sentence denotes This prevalence is lower than in some other European countries.
T468 92691-92874 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, the epidemic potential of these broad-spectrum b-lactamases should incite ICUs and microbiology laboratories to strengthen surveillance measures to prevent their spread.
T469 92875-92877 Sentence denotes O.
T470 92878-92904 Sentence denotes Köseoglu Eser*, Y.Öcal, B.
T471 92905-92914 Sentence denotes Sener, G.
T472 92915-92948 Sentence denotes Hascelik (Ankara, TR) Objectives:
T473 92949-93104 Sentence denotes Detection of plasmid mediated AmpC b-lactamase producing organisms is important to ensure effective therapeutic intervention and optimal infection control.
T474 93105-93266 Sentence denotes However, detection of these enzymes is a challenge for laboratories since there is no reliable method for the routine detection of plasmid mediated AmpC enzymes.
T475 93267-93380 Sentence denotes R2357 Are ready-to-eat salads an important vehicle of pathogenic and commensal bacteria resistant to antibiotics?
T476 93381-93383 Sentence denotes J.
T477 93384-93394 Sentence denotes Campos, L.
T478 93395-93404 Sentence denotes Peixe, J.
T479 93405-93415 Sentence denotes Mourão, J.
T480 93416-93425 Sentence denotes Pires, A.
T481 93426-93435 Sentence denotes Silva, C.
T482 93436-93445 Sentence denotes Costa, H.
T483 93446-93455 Sentence denotes Nunes, N.
T484 93456-93467 Sentence denotes Pestana, C.
T485 93468-93478 Sentence denotes Novais, P.
T486 93479-93511 Sentence denotes Antunes* (Porto, PT) Objectives:
T487 93512-93686 Sentence denotes The increase demand for fresh fruits and vegetables is causing an expansion of the market share for minimally processed vegetables along with recognized food safety problems.
T488 93687-93851 Sentence denotes We analyzed the microbiological quality of Portuguese ready-to-eat salads (RTS) and their role in the spread of bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance (ABR) genes.
T489 93852-93977 Sentence denotes Methods: RTS (n = 50; 7 brands; split or mixed leaves, carrot, cornmeal) were collected in 5 of the main supermarkets (2010).
T490 93978-94190 Sentence denotes The evaluation of microbiological load and quality followed the international standard methods for counting aerobic mesophilic, coliforms, Enterococcus sp and detection of Salmonella sp or Listeria monocytogenes.
T491 94191-94298 Sentence denotes Samples were also plated in different culture media with/without AB before and after a pre-enrichment step.
T492 94299-94402 Sentence denotes ABR was studied by agar diffusion method (CLSI) and ESBL expression by double disk synergy test (DDST).
T493 94403-94488 Sentence denotes Species were identified by PCR (Gram positive), API ID32GN or 16rRNA (Gram negative).
T494 94489-94611 Sentence denotes ABR genes, integron types and E. coli phylogenetic groups were searched by PCR and clonality by MLST in specific isolates.
T495 94612-94620 Sentence denotes Results:
T496 94621-94755 Sentence denotes A high number of RTS presented poor microbiological quality (86% for aerobic mesophilic, 74%-coliforms, 4%-E. coli), but no pathogens.
T497 94756-94854 Sentence denotes Different ABR phenotypes and genotypes were seen to both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.
T498 94855-95192 Sentence denotes E. coli detected in 13 samples (n = 26; phylogenetic groups A-7, B1−10, B2−1, D-8) presented resistance (%) to tetracycline (73; tetA and/or tetB), streptomycin (50; aadA), sulfametoxazole (46; sul1 and/or sul2), trimethoprim (46; dfrA1 or dfrA12), ampicillin (46; blaTEM), nalidixic acid (27), ciprofloxacin (8) or chloramphenicol (4) .
T499 95193-95271 Sentence denotes Two integron types (dfrA1 + aadA, dfrA12 + aadA) were detected in 11 isolates.
T500 95272-95434 Sentence denotes Multidrug resistant E. coli (n = 2; D) belonged to the widespread ST69; the fumC alleles of other E. coli were highly diverse and identified as 8, 48, 65 and 100.
T501 95435-95529 Sentence denotes DDST gave a positive test for 2 Raoultella sp (2 samples) carrying an ESBL identified as SHV2.
T502 95530-95680 Sentence denotes Among enterococci (n = 108) ABR (%) was seen for tetracyclines (6; tetM and/or tetL), erythromycin (3; ermB), nitrofurantoin (1) or ciprofloxacin (1).
T503 95681-95693 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T504 95694-95978 Sentence denotes The present study positions RTS within the spectrum of ecological niches that may be reservoirs/vehicles for ABR bacteria/ genes with clinical interest (e.g. E. coli-B2 or ST69; ESBL) being these findings worthy of attention as their spread to humans by ingestion cannot be dismissed.
T505 95979-96197 Sentence denotes Plasmid characterization included determination of size and content (S1-PFGE), and identification of relaxases (rel), rep initiation proteins (rep) and toxin-antitoxin systems (TA) by PCR, sequencing and hybridization.
T506 96198-96206 Sentence denotes Results:
T507 96207-96387 Sentence denotes Efc strains studied were classified in 47 PFGE-types and 38 STs which clustered into CC9 (n = 11, 16%), CC2 (n = 10, 15%), CC16 (n = 9, 13%), CC25 (n = 5, 7%) and CC21 (n = 4, 6%).
T508 96388-96542 Sentence denotes They were highly resistant to erythromycin (72%), tetracycline (59%), streptomycin (47%), gentamicin (37%), ciprofloxacin (35%) and chloramphenicol (18%).
T509 96543-96581 Sentence denotes All were susceptible to glycopeptides.
T510 96582-96699 Sentence denotes Plasmid content of Efc isolates was variable (1−3/cell; 20-100 kb), those ranging from 40 to 60 kb being predominant.
T511 96700-96940 Sentence denotes They belong to different plasmid families: i) RCR/thetha (15% reppS86/pAMa1; 21% relpS86/pAMa1); ii) repA_N (62% reppAD1, 10% reppAM373, 62% relpAD1, 32% relpCF10, 10% par) iii) Inc18 (18% repInc18, 22% reppRE25, 19% relpRE25, <5% relpEF1).
T512 96941-97039 Sentence denotes Modules from small theta replicating plasmids (pCIZ2, pEF418 and pEF1071) were rarely found (<5%).
T513 97040-97108 Sentence denotes Similar rep and rel content was observed among isolates for each CC.
T514 97109-97191 Sentence denotes Mosaic plasmids containing rep and/or rel from different families were identified.
T515 97192-97204 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T516 97205-97283 Sentence denotes Most Efc isolates harboured mosaic plasmids associated with the repA_N family.
T517 97284-97536 Sentence denotes The influence of particular plasmids or plasmid modules in the success of major Efc lineages and in the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes among different clonal lineages of the same or different enterococcal species remains to be established.
T1 97537-97672 Sentence denotes R2360 In vitro fosfomycin activity against extended-spectrum b-lactamase producing Escherichia coli related urinary tract infections T.
T2 97673-97683 Sentence denotes Demir*, M.
T3 97684-97693 Sentence denotes Turan, T.
T4 97694-97740 Sentence denotes Büyükgüçlü (Kirsehir, Karabuk, TR) Objectives:
T5 97741-97914 Sentence denotes Extended spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli disseminated worldwide as an important cause of both nosocomial and community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI).
T6 97915-98012 Sentence denotes Increasing resistance rates to antimicrobials among these isolates limit the choice of treatment.
T7 98013-98015 Sentence denotes K.
T8 98016-98030 Sentence denotes Klesiewicz, N.
T9 98031-98044 Sentence denotes Szkaradek, A.
T10 98045-98054 Sentence denotes Gunia, H.
T11 98055-98065 Sentence denotes Marona, A.
T12 98066-98096 Sentence denotes Budak (Krakow, PL) Objectives:
T13 98097-98198 Sentence denotes The aim of the study was to determine anti-H. pylori activity of a series of 14 xanthone derivatives.
T14 98199-98304 Sentence denotes They were substituted in different position in xanthone structure i.e. 2, 3, 4 and 6, 2 and 6 or 2 and 7.
T15 98305-98493 Sentence denotes They possessed among other piperazine, pyridine, aminoalkanol, allyl, methylamine, ethylamine, alkoxy, fenoxy or carbamyl moiety, some of them had also chlorine atom(s) in their structure.
T16 98494-98502 Sentence denotes Methods:
T17 98503-98736 Sentence denotes Disc diffusion procedure (Kirby-Bauer method) was used for primary screening of susceptibility H. pylori clinical strain isolated from a patient and ATCC 43504 H. pylori strain to the xanthone derivatives (in concentration 10 mg/ml).
T18 98737-98946 Sentence denotes In addition compounds giving an inhibition zone ranged from 11mm to 45 mm in diameter were chosen to quantitative assay to establish the lowest concentration that inhibits growth of the H. pylori strain (MIC).
T19 98947-99109 Sentence denotes Bacterial suspension of H. pylori was adjusted to yeld approximately 1.0×10 8 CFU/ml and plated on Mueller Hinton agar with 5% horse blood and NAD plates (Oxoid).
T20 99110-99270 Sentence denotes A stock solution (10 mg/ml) of each substance was appropriately diluted in DMSO to obtain the required concentrations of 1mg/ml, 200 mgml, 100 mgml and 50 mgml.
T21 99271-99385 Sentence denotes Filter paper discs were placed on the inoculated agar surfaces and impregnated with 10 ul of each sample solution.
T22 99386-99491 Sentence denotes Antibacterial activity was expressed as the mean of inhibition diameters (mm) produced by the substances.
T23 99492-99588 Sentence denotes The lowest concentration required for growth inhibition of H. pylori strain was regarded as MIC.
T24 99589-99644 Sentence denotes The results were very similar for two examined strains.
T25 99645-99699 Sentence denotes Most of the tested compounds were active against both.
T26 99700-99768 Sentence denotes H. pylori strains at the concentration of 10 mg/ml (stock solution).
T27 99769-99894 Sentence denotes Two substances exhibited more than 40 mm wide grown inhibition zone, 1 − 39 mm, 2 − from 29 to 30 mm, 7 − from 12 to 20,5 mm.
T28 99895-99954 Sentence denotes 2 of the presented substances were classified as nonactive.
T29 99955-100008 Sentence denotes MIC of the xanthones ranged from 10 mg/ml to 50 mgml.
T30 100009-100091 Sentence denotes Most potent activity with MIC value of 50 mgml was characteristic for 3 compounds.
T31 100092-100103 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T32 100104-100446 Sentence denotes Performed research on anti-H. pylori activity of the series of xanthone derivatives, it could be stated that: chlorine atom as well as allyl moiety are favorable, substitution in the xanthone structure in position 2 is more favorable than in position 3 and 4 and carbonyl group in a side chain is responsible for the partial loss of activity.
T33 100447-100533 Sentence denotes Further studies will be necessary to investigate the effect of these active compounds.
T34 100534-100731 Sentence denotes The MRSA dilution of 0.5:106 had very few colonies in culture up to 6 hours but the pellet of 1.5 ml of the broth after 2, 4, and 6 hours incubation there was an increase of 1.7, 3.6 and 4.8 in CT.
T35 100732-100816 Sentence denotes There was no interference, inhibition or cross-reaction with MSSA in the XMSN assay.
T36 100817-100951 Sentence denotes The Copan MRSA-B enrichment broth increases the number of MRSA colonies 27 folds and 11 CT in the XMSN assay after 6 hours incubation.
T37 100952-101084 Sentence denotes The sensitivity of the XMSN assay is increased when using the pellet from centrifuging 1.0 or 1.5 ml of the MRSA-B enrichment broth.
T38 101085-101096 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T39 101097-101244 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was a research for Methicillinresistant staphylococcus aureus originated from foods based on pheno and genotypic methods.
T40 101245-101253 Sentence denotes Methods:
T41 101254-101521 Sentence denotes 93 S. aureus isolates from 913 food samples were investigated for the detection of methicillin resistance using mecA specific PCR, oxacillin agar screen and disk diffusion, penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2) latex agglutination, b-lactamase production and MIC tests.
T42 101522-101810 Sentence denotes The MRSA strains were characterized by the antimicrobial susceptibility, production of type A-D staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin1 (TSST1), as well as biotyping and molecular typing based on the x-region of the protein A (spa) and the coagulase (coa) genes.
T43 101811-101819 Sentence denotes Results:
T44 101820-101953 Sentence denotes Out of the 93 S. aureus isolates, eight were mecA positive while phenotypic tests showed a discrepancy in comparison with each other.
T45 101954-102023 Sentence denotes The majority of MRSA isolates were PBP producers and Multi-resistant.
T46 102024-102067 Sentence denotes All TSST1 producing MRSA were SE producers.
T47 102068-102183 Sentence denotes Out of the 12 MRSA isolates, eight were belonged to human biotype; three belonged to NHS and one to bovine biotype.
T48 102184-102284 Sentence denotes Amplification of polymorphic spa and coa genes revealed three and five distinct types, respectively.
T49 102285-102364 Sentence denotes Food is an important vector for transmission of antibiotic resistance to human.
T50 102365-102571 Sentence denotes Some MRSA isolates recovered from different sources showed genetic and phenotypic similarity in the patterns obtained, suggesting that contamination with human origin has been occurred during food handling.
T51 102572-102689 Sentence denotes The presence of nuc (species confirmation), PVL and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) genes were detected by PCR.
T52 102690-102803 Sentence denotes Molecular typing techniques such as agr typing, spa typing and Multi-Locus Sequence typing (MLST) were performed.
T53 102804-102868 Sentence denotes Clonal Complexes (CCs) were determined by using eBurst software.
T54 102869-102877 Sentence denotes Results:
T55 102878-102931 Sentence denotes All the isolates were confirmed as PVL-positive MSSA.
T56 102932-103110 Sentence denotes Fourteen isolates were from skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), 4 from nasal carrier, 2 from necrotizing pneumonia, one each from an ORL infection, sepsis and osteomielitis.
T57 103111-103203 Sentence denotes One of these isolates was the strain responsible for an hospital-community outbreak in 2005.
T58 103204-103366 Sentence denotes Molecular typing revealed that isolates belonged to all the four known agr alleles (from 1 to 4), to 16 different spa type and to 12 different sequence type (ST).
T59 103367-103469 Sentence denotes Following eBurst analyses, the related STs were grouped in CCs except for ST1209 that was a singleton.
T60 103470-103524 Sentence denotes The isolates belonged to 9 different genetic lineages.
T61 103525-103592 Sentence denotes The most common were CC121/agrIV and CC30/agrIII (6 isolates each).
T62 103593-103745 Sentence denotes The other lineages were: CC5/agrII, ST1209/agrIII and CC22/agrI (2 isolates each) and CC1/agrIII, CC78/agrIII, CC152/agrI and CC8/agrI (1 isolate each).
T63 103746-103833 Sentence denotes Three strains were TSST-1 positive: both the ST1209/agrIII strains and one CC30/agrIII.
T64 103834-103980 Sentence denotes This study showed the great variety of the PVL-positive MSSA clones circulating in Italy, with CC121/agrIV and CC30/agrIII being the most commons.
T65 103981-104081 Sentence denotes Differently from other countries, we did not find strains belonging to the common CC80/agrIII clone.
T66 104082-104153 Sentence denotes A new lineage was found (ST1209/agrIII) which also was TSST-1 positive.
T67 104154-104375 Sentence denotes Further studies should be done to evaluate the circulation and the characteristics of PVL-positive MSSA since it can cause serious infections similarly to its counterpart, PVL-positive MRSA. .7% proved to be GBS positive.
T68 104376-104465 Sentence denotes 9.5% of the newborns were colonised (ears or throat), and only 0.4% had GBS in the blood.
T69 104466-104558 Sentence denotes The hypervirulent ST17 clone was detected in 46.2% of GBS+ women and 35.6% of GBS+ newborns.
T70 104559-104694 Sentence denotes Generally, serotype III was most prevalent (56%), type I was isolated in 18% (mostly from the ears of newborns) and type II in only 7%.
T71 104695-104763 Sentence denotes The vast majority of the ST17 strains (36/58) were also of type III.
T72 104764-104882 Sentence denotes The ST17 strains belonged to 4 clearly distinguishable PFGE clones, but were generally closely related to one another.
T73 104883-104895 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T74 104896-105010 Sentence denotes Serotype III was shown to be the most prevalent in neonatal colonisation or asymptomatic carriers also in Hungary.
T75 105011-105187 Sentence denotes The ST17 clone of GBS identified by multi locus sequence typing (MLST) is recognised as a hypervirulent international clone associated mainly with invasive neonatal infections.
T76 105188-105371 Sentence denotes ST17 comprised 46.2% of asymptomatic carriers among the pregnant women, and could be transmitted to the newborns at high rates, with a potential of causing severe neonatal infections.
T77 105372-105466 Sentence denotes These results emphasize the necessity of a regular screening during pregnancy also in Hungary.
T78 105467-105469 Sentence denotes K.
T79 105470-105480 Sentence denotes Laub*, Sz.
T80 105481-105491 Sentence denotes Kardos, K.
T81 105492-105500 Sentence denotes Nagy, O.
T82 105501-105533 Sentence denotes Dobay (Budapest, HU) Objectives:
T83 105534-105663 Sentence denotes The carriage of pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus in healthy individuals is well known, with a 25−30% prevalence.
T84 105664-105828 Sentence denotes In this study we surveyed the nasal carriage of students of a medical university, who already attend hospital wards, so they can be a potential source of infection.
T85 105829-105877 Sentence denotes This is the first study of this kind in Hungary.
T86 105878-105886 Sentence denotes Methods:
T87 105887-106025 Sentence denotes Eighty-eight S. aureus isolates were collected from the nasal passages of the students attending Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
T88 106026-106135 Sentence denotes The species identity was confirmed by colony morphology, catalase test, Pastorex test (Bio-Rad) and nucA PCR.
T89 106136-106175 Sentence denotes MRSA strains were screened by mecA PCR.
T90 106176-106261 Sentence denotes The antibiotic sensitivity was determined by E-test, applying the EUCAST breakpoints.
T91 106262-106321 Sentence denotes The genetic relatedness of 56 strains was examined by PFGE.
T92 106322-106330 Sentence denotes Results:
T93 106331-106434 Sentence denotes Altogether 300 3rd-year students (205 Hungarian and 95 non-Hungarian) were sampled on a voluntary base.
T94 106435-106565 Sentence denotes The overall S. aureus carriage rate was 29.3%, little higher among the Hungarians (31.7%) than in the non-Hungarian group (24.2%).
T95 106566-106629 Sentence denotes On one occasion carriage of two unrelated strains was detected.
T96 106630-106750 Sentence denotes Out of the 88 strains, only 2 carried the mecA gene, but these had oxacillin MICs of only 0.75 and 2 mg/L, respectively.
T97 106751-106828 Sentence denotes The strains were fully sensitive to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin.
T98 106829-106947 Sentence denotes There were 9 isolates with high-level (MIC 256 mg/L), and 3 with low-level (MIC = 12−32 mg/L) erythromycin resistance.
T99 106948-106992 Sentence denotes Only 1 isolate was resistant to clindamycin.
T100 106993-107144 Sentence denotes Based on the PFGE pattern, 3 clones comprised approximately half of the strains (15, 14 and 6 strains, respectively), but the rest were rather diverse.
T101 107145-107157 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T102 107158-107226 Sentence denotes The S. aureus carriage rate correlates well with international data.
T103 107227-107273 Sentence denotes Luckily there were only 2 MRSA strains (2.3%).
T104 107274-107441 Sentence denotes The one with the higher MIC (the EUCAST breakpoint is >2 mg/L) was highly resistant also to erythromycin, but the other strain was fully sensitive to all tested drugs.
T105 107442-107549 Sentence denotes The other isolates were generally very sensitive, which is characteristic in the case of carried pathogens.
T106 107550-107720 Sentence denotes The strains proved to be genetically more diverse than the usual MRSA populations, with only a few smaller clones, indicating the presence of several independent strains.
T107 107721-107857 Sentence denotes This, and the dissimilarity of isolates within the same groups, indicate that there is no extensive exchange between the students flora.
T108 107858-107866 Sentence denotes Results:
T109 107867-107937 Sentence denotes Among the clinical strains, the pilus was present in 24 cases (24.0%).
T110 107938-108027 Sentence denotes Seven of these derived from invasive infections, and the rest from respiratory specimens.
T111 108028-108107 Sentence denotes Half of them came from small children (<4,5 y), and half from adults (41−84 y).
T112 108108-108221 Sentence denotes The majority of the strains was resistant (R) to macrolides, and had elevated MICs to penicillin (0.25−1.5 mg/L).
T113 108222-108243 Sentence denotes Their serotypes were:
T114 108244-108309 Sentence denotes 6 (n = 11), 14 (n = 7), 19F (n = 3), 11A (n = 2) and 23F (n = 1).
T115 108310-108378 Sentence denotes Among the carried isolates, only 15.4% (n = 24) were pilus positive.
T116 108379-108417 Sentence denotes These were of the following serotypes:
T117 108418-108507 Sentence denotes 6 (n = 10), 19F (n = 6), 14 (n = 3), 19A (n = 2), 15B (n = 1), 3 (n = 1) and 18C (n = 1).
T118 108508-108677 Sentence denotes Although the majority of the carried strains was sensitive to antibiotics, nearly half of the pilus + strains was also R to macrolides and non-susceptible to penicillin.
T119 108678-108750 Sentence denotes Out of the 24 children, only 2 were previously vaccinated with Prevenar.
T120 108751-108890 Sentence denotes The rate of pilus positive clinical strains correlates well with international data, but it was significantly lower in the carried strains.
T121 108891-108982 Sentence denotes This suggests that pili are required more for invasion rather than merely for colonisation.
T122 108983-109118 Sentence denotes Very probably there is no direct correlation between pili and resistance, but rather we found pili only in certain resistant serotypes.
T123 109119-109233 Sentence denotes These were almost all (45/48) vaccine-types (with the dominance of serotype 6), except for 3 strains (11A or 15B).
T124 109234-109389 Sentence denotes The conjugate vaccines seem to be quite effective in preventing colonisation with pilus positive strains, hence preventing subsequent invasion in the body.
T125 109390-109399 Sentence denotes Kunda, A.
T126 109400-109414 Sentence denotes Ankirskaya, L.
T127 109415-109431 Sentence denotes Lubasovskaya, D.
T128 109432-109441 Sentence denotes Popov, A.
T129 109442-109476 Sentence denotes Gintsburg (Moscow, RU) Objectives:
T130 109477-109610 Sentence denotes Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are now recognized as the aethiological agents of an important range of infections in humans.
T131 109611-109752 Sentence denotes Most countries have reported an increase in CoNS infections in hospitalized patients that are resistant to methicillin and other antibiotics.
T132 109753-109886 Sentence denotes Despite of it information of population structure and global epidemiology of Staphylococcus epidermidis and some other CoNS is scare.
T133 109887-110004 Sentence denotes The goal of investigation was to analyze collection of CoNS from diverse clinical origins using molecular genotyping.
T134 110005-110013 Sentence denotes Methods:
T135 110014-110152 Sentence denotes CoNS isolates were recovered from the blood (36), umbilical wound (10), conjunctivitis (33), urine (1), pulmonary tissue (2) in 2009-2010.
T136 110153-110217 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by standard methods.
T137 110218-110301 Sentence denotes Species identification was carried out by amplification and sequencing of tuf gene.
T138 110302-110433 Sentence denotes S. epidermidis isolates were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) by protocol, as described by Thomas J.C. et al. (2007) .
T139 110434-110521 Sentence denotes MLST of Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolates was performed using original primers sets.
T140 110522-110627 Sentence denotes Structural components of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) were tested by PCR additionally.
T141 110628-110636 Sentence denotes Results:
T142 110637-110876 Sentence denotes Identification of CoNS at the species level indicated that S. epidermidis was the most common species with 46 isolates, followed by S. haemolyticus (18), Staphylococcus hominis (10), Staphylococcus warneri (7), Staphylococcus pasteuri (1).
T143 110877-110924 Sentence denotes 69 (84.2%) isolates were methicillin-resistant.
T144 110925-110994 Sentence denotes Among S. epidermidis isolates 24 ST were discovered, including 5 new.
T145 110995-111049 Sentence denotes New alleles for 5 analysing genes were discovered two.
T146 111050-111090 Sentence denotes ST59 was predominated (41.3%. isolates).
T147 111091-111249 Sentence denotes S. epidermidis isolates carried SCCmec IV, composite variant SCCmec (mecB+, ccr1,+ccr2) or unusual patterns with two mec gene complexes (class A and class B).
T148 111250-111301 Sentence denotes Among S. haemolyticus isolates 9 St were recovered.
T149 111302-111405 Sentence denotes Isolates carried modified SCCmec type IV (ccr2+, comlex mec class B 1kbp), or elements SCCmecV (ccr5+).
T150 111406-111448 Sentence denotes SCCmec in 42.7% isolates were not typable.
T151 111449-111554 Sentence denotes The predominant SCCmec type found among S. hominis isolates was a new type with ccr1 and class mec typeA.
T152 111555-111566 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T153 111567-111720 Sentence denotes Only 4 species (S. epidermidis, S haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. warneri were prevalent (98.8%) among tested collection of coagulasenegative staphylococci.
T154 111721-111816 Sentence denotes High level of genetic diversity of S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus isolates were discovered.
T155 111817-111944 Sentence denotes Isolates S. epidermidis ST59 were epidemic in neonatal center and aethiological agent of different forms of infectious process.
T156 111945-112050 Sentence denotes CoNS may serve as reservoir of new types SCCmec. in intensive care units, and 10 (12%) in surgical wards.
T157 112051-112198 Sentence denotes According to Friedman's criteria, acquisition was classified as nosocomial in 47 (57%), healthcare-associated in 28 (35%), and community in 7 (9%).
T158 112199-112260 Sentence denotes The Charlson index was 2 in 65%, and 42% had a Pitt score >2.
T159 112261-112332 Sentence denotes The most frequent source was an intravascular catheter infection (43%).
T160 112333-112491 Sentence denotes BSI was considered as complicated in 26 patients (33%); 36 patients (44%) met 1 criteria for therapeutic failure; BSI-related mortality was 31% (25 patients).
T161 112492-112522 Sentence denotes All 100 isolates were studied.
T162 112523-112681 Sentence denotes There were 14 different antibiotic resistance patterns, with combined resistance to ciprofloxacin, tobramycin and erythromycin being the most prevalent (29%).
T163 112682-112859 Sentence denotes By broth microdilution, MIC of vancomycin was <1 and 2 mg/ml for 84% and 6% of the isolates, respectively; by E-test, it was 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/ml in 56%, 39% and 5%, respectively.
T164 112860-113004 Sentence denotes Regarding daptomycin, only 2% of the isolates showed a MIC >1 mg/ml by microdilution although all the isolates showed a MIC 0.5 mg/ml by E-test.
T165 113005-113124 Sentence denotes Eighty percent of the isolates were grouped into 5 clusters by PFGE (groups A to E) with the following characteristics:
T166 113125-113312 Sentence denotes A (9 isolates), spa t008, agrI, and SSCmecIV; B (9 isolates), spa t148 and t3092, agrI y SCCmecIV; clusters C, D and E (61 isolates), predominantly spa t067 and t002, agrII, and SSCmecIV.
T167 113313-113427 Sentence denotes Acquisition, predisposing features, source of BSI, complicated BSI or mortality were similar among the 5 clusters.
T168 113428-113439 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T169 113440-113561 Sentence denotes Isolates of MRSA causing BSI in our area are grouped into 5 clusters, in which SSCmecIV, agrII and spa t067 predominated.
T170 113562-113666 Sentence denotes We were unable to find significant epidemiological or clinical differences or trends among the clusters.
T171 113667-113678 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T172 113679-113749 Sentence denotes Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) has become a worldwide phenomenon.
T173 113750-113923 Sentence denotes In this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology and the antibiotic resistance mechanisms of CA-MRSA selected from clinical specimens according to the CDC criteria.
T174 113924-113932 Sentence denotes Methods:
T175 113933-114042 Sentence denotes 34 non-duplicated outpatient isolates were classified as CA-MRSA (July 2009 to July 2010) in our institution.
T176 114043-114145 Sentence denotes Identification and susceptibility testing was carried out by WIDER ® system and disk diffusion method.
T177 114146-114218 Sentence denotes All isolates were genotyped by PFGE/SmaI and spa, SCCmec and agr typing.
T178 114219-114646 Sentence denotes The presence of genes encoding PVL and resistance genes: methicillin (mecA), erythromycin (ER) and clindamycin (CC) (ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA), gentamicin (GM), kanamycin, amikacin and tobramycin (TO) (aac(6 )-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(4 )-Ia and aph (3 ) The msrA gene was found in isolates with macrolide-streptogramine (MS) resistance phenotype and ermC, ermA or msrA+ermC genes in those with MLSBc or MLSBi resistance phenotypes.
T179 114647-114807 Sentence denotes Aminoglycoside resistance genes detected were ant(4 )-Ia (61.8%), aac(6 )-Ie-aph(2")-Ia (2.9%), aph(3 )-III (2.9%) and aac(6 )-Ie-aph(2")-Ia+aph(3 )-III (5.9%).
T180 114808-114847 Sentence denotes Five (14.7%) strains were PVL positive.
T181 114848-114985 Sentence denotes SCCmec type IVc was detected in 27 strains (79.4%), type V in 3 (8.8%) and 4 strains were type I, II, IVa and non-typeable, respectively.
T182 114986-115120 Sentence denotes The agr type II was identified in 28 strains (82.3%), agr type I in 3 (12%), agr type III in 2 (5.8%) and one strain was non-typeable.
T183 115121-115373 Sentence denotes The spa-type t067 was the predominant (64.7%) followed by t002 (8.8%). spa type t067 and t002, normally grouped in clonal-complex CC067 and CC5 (sequence-types ST125 and ST228), are responsible for more than half of nosocomial MRSA infections in Spain.
T184 115374-115461 Sentence denotes Single strains were typed as t008, t019, t024, t116, t127, t314, t548, t1084 and t2220.
T185 115462-115473 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T186 115474-115669 Sentence denotes Five of 34 selected CA-MRSA carried PVL gene and corresponded to spa types classically community-associated: t024 (ST8-USA300), t019 (ST30), t008 (ST8-USA300), t314 (ST121) and t127 (ST1-USA400).
T187 115670-115859 Sentence denotes The remaining 29 CA-MRSA corresponded to spa types more associated to the hospital environment what suggests the interchange of genetic lineages of MRSA among community and hospital niches.
T188 115860-116039 Sentence denotes Although Staphylococcus sciuri is only occasionally isolated from humans, less is known about the carriage of this bacterium in humans, especially methicillin-resistant S. sciuri.
T189 116040-116199 Sentence denotes The aim of the present study was to provide the analysis of carriage of methicillin-resistant S. sciuri in hospitalized patients and healthcare workers (HCWs).
T190 116200-116302 Sentence denotes Nasal swab were taken from 195 hospitalized and 105 HCWs at the Clinical Center of Serbia in Belgrade.
T191 116303-116427 Sentence denotes Oxidase positive colonies of staphylococci were further identified as S. sciuri by BD Phoenix Automated Microbiology System.
T192 116428-116486 Sentence denotes Methicillin resistance was confirmed by PCR for mecA gene.
T193 116487-116598 Sentence denotes Susceptibility to antibiotics was performed by disk diffusion method in accordance to the CLSI recommendations.
T194 116599-116720 Sentence denotes Determination of SCCmec types was done by previously described protocol for mec class and ccr type (Kondo et al., 2007) .
T195 116721-116790 Sentence denotes PFGE was performed as described previously (Bannerman et al., 1995) .
T196 116791-116925 Sentence denotes Among 195 hospitalized patients and 105 HCWs, 12 (6.1%) and 4 (3.8%) respectively were colonized with methicillin-resistant S. sciuri.
T197 116926-117081 Sentence denotes All 16 isolates (100%) were resistant or intermediate resistant to two or more antibiotics beside b-lactam antibiotics, i.e. they were multidrug resistant.
T198 117082-117665 Sentence denotes All tested strains were susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, linezolid, and pristinamycin, while 15 (93.8%) were resistant to gentamicin, 15 (93.8%) to kanamycin, 15 (93.8%) to tobramycin, 1 (6.2%) to erythromycin, 1 (6.2%) to clindamycin and the remaining 15 (93.8%) were intermediate resistant to clindamycin, 2 (12.5%) to ciprofloxacin, 1 (6.2%) was resistant to rifampin and 1 (6.2%) was intermediate resistant to rifampin, 1 (6.2%) to tetracycline, 4 (25%) to chloramphenicol, 1 (6.2%) to mupirocin, and 12 (75%) were intermediate resistant to fusidic acid.
T199 117666-117768 Sentence denotes PFGE analysis revealed 11 pulsotypes within the population of methicillin resistant S. sciuri strains.
T200 117769-117965 Sentence denotes Isolation of methicillin-resistant S. sciuri of the same PFGE cluster B, and E, from different individuals in different hospitals and different wards indicate successfuly spread of this bacterium.
T201 117966-118017 Sentence denotes All isolated strains had mec type A and ccr type 3.
T202 118018-118143 Sentence denotes Carriage of methicillin-resistant S. sciuri among hospitalized patients and HCWs was determined to be surprisingly high, 5%,.
T203 118144-118215 Sentence denotes Carriage was higher in hospitalized patients, 6.1%, than in HCWs, 3.8%.
T204 118216-118398 Sentence denotes Isolated methicillin-resistant S. sciuri strains has different genotypic and phenotipyc characteristics. to three drugs and 13 (21.3%) strains were resistant to more than four drugs.
T205 118399-118597 Sentence denotes All strains of CNS resistant to more than four drugs were positive to gene mec A, and two samples carrying the gene were sensitive to the oxacillin disc diffusion method, revealing heteroresistance.
T206 118598-118949 Sentence denotes The results from this study shows a high number of Staphylococcus resistant to oxacillin, with a predominance of staphylococcal cassette chromosome type III in CNS and type II in S. aureus, common in hospital strains and inserted in the community explained by being chronic wounds and patients with a history of multiple hospitalizations over of life.
T207 118950-119211 Sentence denotes There were great similarities between strains of Staphylococcus found and the sensitivity of the drugs tested, when comparing samples found in the same basic health unit, which may indicate the presence of a possible clone of Staphylococcus in several patients.
T208 119212-119412 Sentence denotes The results also call attention to the high rate of multidrug resistance found in strains isolated these patients with predominance of SCCmec type III which complicates the treatment these infections.
T209 119413-119562 Sentence denotes The incidence of an orthopedic implantrelated infection is 1.5% to 2.5% for primary knee or hip replacements and 3.2% to 5.6% for revision surgeries.
T210 119563-119680 Sentence denotes The essential role in development paraprosthetic joint infections (PJI) belongs to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).
T211 119681-119769 Sentence denotes This bacteria has entered the spotlight as a globally pervasive drug-resistant pathogen.
T212 119770-119882 Sentence denotes When dealing with prosthetic joint infections (PJI) there is often a need to start empirical antibiotic therapy.
T213 119883-120049 Sentence denotes The constant monitoring of resistance chosen pathogen allows in good time to correct the schemes an antibiotic therapy that brings about increasing of its efficiency.
T214 120050-120219 Sentence denotes The present prospective study was performed to evaluate the frequency of detection S. aureus as etiology factor of PJI and conduct the test of its antibiotic resistance.
T215 120220-120228 Sentence denotes Methods.
T216 120229-120354 Sentence denotes We examined the records of 938 isolates is chosen from tissue and fluid samples from 618 patients with PJI from 2007 to 2009.
T217 120355-120423 Sentence denotes Antibiotic sensitivity S. aureus was tested by agar dilution method.
T218 120424-120431 Sentence denotes Resalt.
T219 120432-120497 Sentence denotes S. aureus was the most common pathogen in PJI during these years.
T220 120498-120539 Sentence denotes The frequency of S. aureus was 42.0%, 38.
T221 120540-120594 Sentence denotes 8% and 38.1% accordingly for 2007, 2008 and 2009 year.
T222 120595-120735 Sentence denotes The prevalence of methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA) almost did not changed (32.8%, 30.3% and 30.4% for each specified year accordingly).
T223 120736-120823 Sentence denotes Figure 1 summarizes results of dynamic analysis antibiotic resistance S. aureus in PJI.
T224 120824-120885 Sentence denotes None of these strains was vancomycin and linezolid resistant.
T225 120886-120998 Sentence denotes More than 90% isolates were sensitive to fuzidic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, rifampicin and fosfomycin.
T226 120999-121383 Sentence denotes Resistance rates of S. aureus to the antibacterial agents, respectively, were as follows: less than 20% isolates were resistant to erythromycin, lincomycin, more than 20% to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, amoxicillin/ clavulanate, The highest resistance rate of S. aureus was detected to to penicillin-G (more than 80% Oncology Unit with some stem cell but no solid organ transplantation.
T227 121384-121587 Sentence denotes Observing a number of significant infections with Enterobacteriaceae sensitive only to amikacin and carbapenems, we prospectively examined first isolates from 24 patients collected over 8 months in 2009.
T228 121588-121868 Sentence denotes We were concerned about the risk of cross infection and the frequency of such isolates and whether empirical therapy of febrile patients should be with a carbapenem rather than the more conventional piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime or ciprofloxacin with or without gentamicin.
T229 121869-122062 Sentence denotes The 24 isolates were identified to species level and underwent detailed susceptibility testing using disc diffusion, agar dilution MIC determination and automated "Walkaway Microscan™" methods.
T230 122063-122183 Sentence denotes PCR was then used to detect the presence of CTX-M groups, and Escherichia coli isolates underwent PCR for phylogrouping.
T231 122184-122192 Sentence denotes Results:
T232 122193-122319 Sentence denotes Samples from outpatients, inpatients, and ICU grew 11 Escherichia coli, 9 Klebsiella spp. and 4 Enterobacter cloacae isolates.
T233 122320-122441 Sentence denotes 33% of the isolates were from urine, 33% from wounds and sputa, 21% from ICU screening swabs and 13% from blood cultures.
T234 122442-122542 Sentence denotes 11/24 isolates (3 E. coli, 5 Klebsiella spp, 3 E. cloacae) were from patients with contact with ICU.
T235 122543-122656 Sentence denotes The patients from whom the 24 strains were isolated originated from the Middle East (13), UK (9) and Nigeria (2).
T236 122657-122782 Sentence denotes The average interval from admission to detecting the first significant isolate was between 0 and 85 (mean 13, median 2 days).
T237 122783-122895 Sentence denotes PCR showed that 20 of the 24 isolates belonged to CTX-M group 1, potentially CTX-M-15s by inference of the MICs.
T238 122896-122999 Sentence denotes Care in ICU was a significant risk factor for the finding of CTX-M ESBL producing pathogens (p < 0.05).
T239 123000-123123 Sentence denotes Phylogrouping of the 11 E. coli strains revealed 2 group A, 6 group B1, 3 pathogenic group D, and no pathogenic B2 strains.
T240 123124-123420 Sentence denotes Conclusions: MICs, PCR and phylogrouping of the 24 isolates suggest that despite the profile of sensitivity being consistently to only amikacin and carbapenem, that this profile was created by expression of heterogeneous resistance mechanisms, which would preclude concerns about cross infection.
T241 123421-123591 Sentence denotes Further work to characterise the CTX-M group 1 ESBL cluster and molecular environment of these genes could clarify the resistance mechanisms and origins of these strains.
T242 123592-123594 Sentence denotes A.
T243 123595-123612 Sentence denotes Doudoulakakis, A.
T244 123613-123621 Sentence denotes Nika, P.
T245 123622-123635 Sentence denotes Giakkoupi, M.
T246 123636-123653 Sentence denotes Papadimitriou, A.
T247 123654-123669 Sentence denotes Papaioannou, J.
T248 123670-123685 Sentence denotes Kapetanakis, A.
T249 123686-123700 Sentence denotes Vatopoulos, E.
T250 123701-123734 Sentence denotes Lebessi* (Athens, GR) Objectives:
T251 123735-123822 Sentence denotes Enterobacter cloacae has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen in neonatal units.
T252 123823-124054 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to investigate a massive colonization of neonates with ESBL producing E. cloacae in a 30-bed, university-affiliated, level II-IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at a large pediatric hospital in Athens.
T253 124055-124063 Sentence denotes Methods:
T254 124064-124260 Sentence denotes Routine surveillance cultures for the detection of multidrug resistant bacteria at the throat and rectum of the neonates at admission and weekly until discharge is a standard practice in our NICU.
T255 124261-124324 Sentence denotes Environmental samples are collected during suspected outbreaks.
T256 124325-124502 Sentence denotes Clinical and environmental samples are processed according to classic microbiologic methods and the susceptibility to antimicrobials are tested according to the CLSI guidelines.
T257 124503-124544 Sentence denotes ESBLs are detected by phenotypic methods.
T258 124545-124637 Sentence denotes Molecular typing of isolates is determined by PFGE after digestion of genomic DNA with XbaI.
T259 124638-124646 Sentence denotes Results:
T260 124647-124904 Sentence denotes On August 2010 seven neonates were found colonized with ESBL producing E. cloacae as opposed to only 5 neonates found colonized during their NICU stay (NICU-acquired cases), and one neonate colonized upon admission (referred case) during the last 12 months.
T261 124905-125027 Sentence denotes A nosocomial outbreak due to ESBL(+) E. cloacae was then highly suspected, and a one-day survey was performed on 2/9/2010.
T262 125028-125108 Sentence denotes Twenty out of 26 neonates were found colonized with ESBL(+) E. cloacae reported.
T263 125109-125155 Sentence denotes Environmental samples were all found negative.
T264 125156-125307 Sentence denotes Three neonates developed bacteremia due to ESBL(+) E. cloacae during the study period, but only one, suffering from serious underlying conditions died.
T265 125308-125492 Sentence denotes PFGE analysis of 10 epidemic strains plus 4 epidemiologically unrelated E. cloacae isolates proven >85% similarity among the epidemic strains, a fact consistent with nosocomial spread.
T266 125493-125631 Sentence denotes Strict infection control measures, such as hand hygiene, patient cohorting and shuting down the NICU for new admissions, were established.
T267 125632-125806 Sentence denotes Continuous surveillance over the next weeks showed a steady decline in the number of colonized neonates, and on 16/11/2010 only 2 out of 18 hospitalized were found colonized.
T268 125807-125818 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T269 125819-126030 Sentence denotes Continuous surveillance was an important tool in early identifying the outbreak, whereas the implementation of proper infection control measures resulted in containment of the outbreak in a short period of time.
T270 126031-126042 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T271 126043-126312 Sentence denotes The occurrence of carbapenemase producing Gram-negative bacteria is of high clinical interest as they can hydrolyze most b-lactam agents including carbapenems recognised as antibiotics of choice in ESBL or acquired AmpC producers usually resistant to other antibiotics.
T272 126313-126551 Sentence denotes The resistance to carbapenems, generally very rare in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in the Czech Republic, is predominantly caused by an alteration of the cell wall, together with a production of extendedspectrum and/or AmpC b-lactamases.
T273 126552-126768 Sentence denotes At the end of 2009, the first putative KPC-producing isolates of K. pneumoniae was submitted for confirmation to the National Reference Laboratory for Antibiotics of the National Institute of Public Health in Prague.
T274 126769-126813 Sentence denotes The isolates were obtained from one patient.
T275 126814-127003 Sentence denotes Methods: MICs of 24 antibiotics were determined according to EUCAST recommendation. b-lactamases were identified by isoelectric focusing followed by PCR and sequencing of b-lactamase genes.
T276 127004-127099 Sentence denotes The gene environment of blaKPC-2 was determined by PCR mapping and sequencing of the amplicons.
T277 127100-127214 Sentence denotes Isolates were compared by PFGE after the restriction with XbaI endonuclease and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
T278 127215-127223 Sentence denotes Results:
T279 127224-127370 Sentence denotes The isolates of K. pneumoniae (ST258) were obtained from a wound swab, decubitus and urine from patient formerly hospitalized in a Greek hospital.
T280 127371-127464 Sentence denotes The carbapenemase was identified as a KPC-2 with a gene located on Tn4401a traspozon variant.
T281 127465-127617 Sentence denotes The resistance to colistin developed after 20-days long therapy with this drug, but after this single isolation, the KPC-2 producing strain disappeared.
T282 127618-127629 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T283 127630-127773 Sentence denotes A marked increase in the prevalence of the serotype 4,5,12:i-, a monophasic variant of S.Typhimurium, has been noted worldwide in recent years.
T284 127774-127921 Sentence denotes Our goal was to assess clonal relationships and to characterize antibiotic and/or biocide resistance in Portuguese isolates from different sources.
T285 127922-127930 Sentence denotes Methods:
T286 127931-128097 Sentence denotes We studied 132 isolates (2002) (2003) (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) from humans (n = 115), food (n = 9), environment (n = 4) and piggeries (n = 4).
T287 128098-128164 Sentence denotes The serotype was confirmed by PCR (fljA, fljB, hin and fljA-fljB).
T288 128165-128252 Sentence denotes Antibiotic susceptibility to 10 antibiotics was tested by disk diffusion method (CLSI).
T289 128253-128373 Sentence denotes Characterization of antibiotic and biocide resistance genes and class 1 integrons were done by PCR, RFLP and sequencing.
T290 128374-128435 Sentence denotes Clonality was established by MLST in representative isolates.
T291 128436-128444 Sentence denotes Results:
T292 128445-128561 Sentence denotes All but 2 isolates (99%) were resistant to antibiotics of which 94% were multidrug-resistant (MDR, 2−8 antibiotics).
T293 128562-128905 Sentence denotes They expressed resistance to sulfametoxazole (Su, 92%; sul1, sul2 and/or sul3), tetracycline (T, 91%; tetA and/or tetB), streptomycin (S, 88%; aadA and/or strA-strB), ampicillin (A, 67%; blaTEM), chloramphenicol (C, 45%; cmlA1 and/or floR), trimethoprim (Tr, 35%; dfrA12), gentamicin (G, 27%; aac(3)-IV), nalidixic acid (4%) or kanamicin (3%).
T294 128906-129827 Sentence denotes Three major groups of isolates mostly associated with 3 genotypes could be identified: (i) ASSuT type (n = 48; blaTEM, strA-strB, sul2 and tetB), also carrying the pcoD copper efflux gene and assigned to the ST34 (SLV of ST19); (ii) MDR (3−8 antibiotics) type (n = 45), being more frequent the phenotype ACGSSuTTr (n = 27; blaTEM, cmlA1, aac(3)-IV, aadA, sul1-sul2-sul3, tetA and dfrA12;) carrying an unusual class 1 integron with estX-psp-aadA2-cmlA1-aadA1 associated to qacH, IS440 and sul3, and in addition a class 1 integron of 2000 bp (dfrA12-orfX-aadA2) or an empty one with qacEdelta1 and sul1 in the 3 CS, and belonging to the worldwide spread ST19 and DT104/U302 phagetype. (iii) CSSuTTr type (n = 15; cmlA1, aadA, sul3, tetB and dfrA12), carrying a class 1 integron with the dfrA12-orfF-aadA2-cmlA1-aadA1 gene cassettes associated to an unusual 3 sequence region with qacH, IS440 and sul3 and belonging to ST19.
T295 129828-129840 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T296 129841-129940 Sentence denotes This is the first study characterising the S. enterica serotype 4,5,12:i-in isolates from Portugal.
T297 129941-130172 Sentence denotes The spread of three MDR genotypes belonging to worldwide spread clonal lineages in association with biocide resistance determinants (pcoD, qacEdelta1 and/or qacH) might account for the recent emergence and success of this serotype.
T298 130173-130294 Sentence denotes Metallo-b-lactamase (MBL)-producing strains are emerging worldwide, with VIM-2 exhibiting particular relevance in Europe.
T299 130295-130456 Sentence denotes Dispersion of integrons carrying blaVIM-2, clonal spreading and the association of MBL genes with transposons may contribute to the observed dissemination rates.
T300 130457-130558 Sentence denotes Our aim was to analyze the population structure of blaVIM-2-carrying P. aeruginosa clinical isolates.
T301 130559-130567 Sentence denotes Methods:
T302 130568-130800 Sentence denotes From our collection of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) , derived from five hospitals in North and Centre of Portugal, all blaVIM-2-producing P. aeruginosa isolates were characterized (n = 12).
T303 130801-130889 Sentence denotes Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the agar diffusion method and E-test (CLSI).
T304 130890-130949 Sentence denotes Class 1 integrons were characterized by PCR and sequencing.
T305 130950-131047 Sentence denotes Clonal relatedness was studied by PFGE (XbaI and SpeI) and MLST (http://pubmlst.org/paeruginosa).
T306 131048-131056 Sentence denotes Results:
T307 131057-131206 Sentence denotes All P. aeruginosa isolates showed a multidrug-resistant phenotype including resistance to imipenem (MIC >32 mg/L), aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin.
T308 131207-131290 Sentence denotes They carried blaVIM-2 as a gene cassette inserted in 5 different class 1 integrons:
T309 131291-131383 Sentence denotes In56, In58, In100, In102 (ORF11, aacA4, aacC1, blaVIM-2) and In103 (aacA7, blaVIM-2, aacA4).
T310 131384-131498 Sentence denotes In58 was the most frequent, found in 8 isolates. blaVIM-2 gene was found to be chromosomal and/or plasmid located.
T311 131499-131567 Sentence denotes All isolates were clonally unrelated corresponding to 12 PFGE types.
T312 131568-131755 Sentence denotes On the other hand, 8 different sequence types (STs) were found: ST111 (n = 2), ST175 (n = 1), ST179 (n = 3), ST235 (n = 1), ST253 (n = 2), ST260 (n = 1), ST282 (n = 1), and ST815 (n = 1).
T313 131756-131843 Sentence denotes No close relationships (single or double locus variants) were observed among these STs.
T314 131844-132018 Sentence denotes Most blaVIM-2 producing strains were assigned to widespread STs as ST111, ST179 or ST235, which is the founder of the international Clonal Complex 11 containing MBL isolates.
T315 132019-132031 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T316 132032-132151 Sentence denotes This is the first report characterizing the population structure of VIM-2-producing P. aeruginosa isolates in Portugal.
T317 132152-132268 Sentence denotes Our data indicate that these isolates belong to an extremely polyclonal population with no apparent common ancestry.
T318 132269-132396 Sentence denotes Further studies are imperative to follow-up the relevance of specific clones in the dissemination of blaVIM2 carrying isolates.
T319 132397-132399 Sentence denotes M.
T320 132400-132414 Sentence denotes Demirelli*, T.
T321 132415-132423 Sentence denotes Sari, F.
T322 132424-132435 Sentence denotes Temoçin, A.
T323 132436-132445 Sentence denotes Yazan, C.
T324 132446-132455 Sentence denotes Bulut, G.
T325 132456-132472 Sentence denotes Tuncer Ertem, F.
T326 132473-132483 Sentence denotes Erdinç, B.
T327 132484-132492 Sentence denotes Oral, N.
T328 132493-132710 Sentence denotes Eren Tülek (Ankara, TR) Francisella (F.) tularensis, Gram-negative, aerobic, facultative intracellular bacterium have been distinguished to date: F. tularensis subsp. tularensis, holarctica, mediasiatica and novicida.
T329 132711-132865 Sentence denotes F. tularensis has been detected in more than 200 animal species, with rabbits, hares, small rodents (e.g. voles, field mice) and semi-aquatic animals etc.
T330 132866-132925 Sentence denotes Tularemia is a re-emerging disease in our country recently.
T331 132926-133023 Sentence denotes In here, we evaluated the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of our patients with tularemia.
T332 133024-133031 Sentence denotes Method:
T333 133032-133174 Sentence denotes Prospective review of clinical records of patients diagnosed with tularemia admitted to our hospital in Ankara, from January to December 2010.
T334 133175-133191 Sentence denotes Case definition:
T335 133192-133350 Sentence denotes Patient with suggestive clinical course and epidemiology (coming from the epizootic area) and positive serology (antibodies to Francisella tularensis >1/160).
T336 133351-133359 Sentence denotes Results:
T337 133360-133448 Sentence denotes 22 patients (13males, 9 females) with a mean age of 41 years were included to the study.
T338 133449-133559 Sentence denotes Nine patients were living in endemic areas of turkey and thirteen patients had travelled to the endemic areas.
T339 133560-133801 Sentence denotes Among 21 cases, contaminated food or water were the most commonly noted exposures (ten patients were consumed spring water), and one had tick bite exposures Thirteen patient reported being exposed to a rat which lived around patients houses.
T340 133802-133869 Sentence denotes The clinical symptoms period of patients ranged from 10 to 45 days.
T341 133870-133980 Sentence denotes The final diagnosis of 20 patients was glandular tularemia, whereas two of them were oculoglandular tularemia.
T342 133981-134010 Sentence denotes 4 had suppurated lymph nodes.
T343 134011-134074 Sentence denotes Fourteen of the 22 patients were hospitalized (median duration:
T344 134075-134089 Sentence denotes 4 days [range:
T345 134090-134102 Sentence denotes 1−27 days]).
T346 134103-134160 Sentence denotes History of antibiotic use was available for all patients.
T347 134161-134307 Sentence denotes 18 of patients had been treated with a b-lactam or b-lactam/b-lactamase inhibitors antibiotics those are considered ineffective against tularemia.
T348 134308-134456 Sentence denotes Among 3 patients initially treated with streptomycin monotherapy and one of the patient was treated with streptomycin and ciprofloxacin combination.
T349 134457-134535 Sentence denotes Epidemiological and clinical findings of patients were summarized in Table 1 .
T350 134536-134548 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T351 134549-134695 Sentence denotes Tularaemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with fever, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, and cervical lymphadenopathies.
T352 134696-134805 Sentence denotes Hence, early diagnosis and treatment of tularaemia are important, every clinicians must be aware of diseases.
T353 134806-134824 Sentence denotes Baranda Camino, J.
T354 134825-134838 Sentence denotes Galan Ros, L.
T355 134839-134857 Sentence denotes Robles Fonseca, M.
T356 134858-134878 Sentence denotes Martinez Serrano, M.
T357 134879-134920 Sentence denotes Crespo Sanchez (Albacete, ES) Objectives:
T358 134921-135232 Sentence denotes To determine the epidemiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) by multiresistant microorganism isolation in hospitalized patients and the community diagnosed at the Hospital Universitario (Albacete, Spain) from 2000 to 2009; to study antimicrobial susceptibility to the drugs commonly used in such infections.
T359 135233-135241 Sentence denotes Methods:
T360 135242-135354 Sentence denotes 292,291 urine samples were processed for aerobic culture by standard methods from January 2000 to December 2009.
T361 135355-135475 Sentence denotes Identification and antimicrobial sensitivity testing were performed with the commercial Wider ® system (Soria Melguizo).
T362 135476-135566 Sentence denotes The criteria proposed by the CLSI were followed to detect multidrug resistance mechanisms.
T363 135567-135861 Sentence denotes We considered multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA) with resistance to 3 or more antibiotics of the following: ceftazidime, carbapenems, quinolones and aminoglycosides; and multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRA) when the isolate was sensitive to only tigecycline and colistin.
T364 135862-135924 Sentence denotes Of all the urine samples tested, 51,990 (18.0%) were positive.
T365 135925-136176 Sentence denotes Of these, (1,240; 2.4%) some MDR microorganism was isolated, 1,102 (88.8%) were extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing Enterobacteria (ESBL), 84 (6.8%) were meticilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 28 (2.2%) were MRPA and 26 (2.2%) were MRA.
T366 136177-136309 Sentence denotes Within the ESBL-producing Enterobacteria we found 996 (90.3%) Escherichia coli, 90 (8.1%) Klebsiella spp. and 12 (1.0%) Proteus spp.
T367 136310-136416 Sentence denotes Multidrug-resistant isolates increased from 3 in 2000 to 274 in 2009 in both inpatients and the community.
T368 136417-136518 Sentence denotes Of the 1,240 total patients, 1,188 (95.8%) were adults and 52 (4.2%) were children; 62.4% were women.
T369 136519-136743 Sentence denotes The antimicrobial resistance rates of ESBL-producing enterobacteria were: nalidixic acid 77.6%, ciprofloxacin 64.8%, cotrimoxazole 60.0%, gentamicin 22.0%, nitrofurantoin 7.8%, fosfomycin 4.2% and amocillinclavulanate 27.6%.
T370 136744-136787 Sentence denotes No carbapenem resistant strains were found.
T371 136788-136800 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T372 136801-136985 Sentence denotes We observed an increase in the incidence of UTIs through multiresistant pathogens during the study period, both in inpatients and in patients with infections acquired in the community.
T373 136986-137090 Sentence denotes Among inpatients, the highest incidence corresponded to the Internal Medicine and Geriatric Departments.
T374 137091-137180 Sentence denotes ESBL-producing Enterobacteria were the most frequently isolated multiresistant organisms.
T375 137181-137286 Sentence denotes Carbapenems and aminoglycosides could be the best choice for empiric treatement in hospitalized patients.
T376 137287-137384 Sentence denotes Quinolones and cotrimoxazole should not be recommended due to the high resistance rates observed.
T377 137385-137514 Sentence denotes R2408 High-throughput DNA sequencing of resistance plasmids: a powerful approach to identify resistance and virulence features L.
T378 137515-137525 Sentence denotes Villa*, C.
T379 137526-137535 Sentence denotes Carta, A.
T380 137536-137556 Sentence denotes García-Fernández, D.
T381 137557-137568 Sentence denotes Fortini, A.
T382 137569-137603 Sentence denotes Carattoli (Rome, IT) Introduction:
T383 137604-137711 Sentence denotes High-throughput DNA sequencing of resistance plasmids allows a very quick determination of plasmid content.
T384 137712-137954 Sentence denotes By this novel approach it is possible to identify the major characteristics of resistance and virulence and to trace the evolution of specific plasmid families, recognizing their basis for virulence, host range, transferability and stability.
T385 137955-138152 Sentence denotes We sequenced plasmids identified in Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) of nosocomial origin that were i) untypable by PCR-Based Replicon Typing (PBRT); ii) relevant being characteristic of epidemic clones.
T386 138153-138175 Sentence denotes Materials and Methods:
T387 138176-138345 Sentence denotes A procedure was devised to simultaneously pyrosequence multiple plasmids by the 454 GS-FLX Titanium, using MID-TAG barcoded primers in large volume emPCR (Roche, Italy).
T388 138346-138563 Sentence denotes Mobile DNA elements associated with resistance genes, regions implicated in replication and plasmid host ranges, maintenance (toxinantitoxin, plasmid partitioning and exclusion properties) and transfer were annotated.
T389 138564-138566 Sentence denotes i.
T390 138567-138714 Sentence denotes The majority of the plasmids carrying blaSHV-12 gene are classified as untypable being negative to the most common replicons of Enterobacteriaceae.
T391 138715-138779 Sentence denotes One of these plasmids belonged to the novel IncR plasmid family.
T392 138780-138975 Sentence denotes This plasmid family was characterized by a novel replicase gene that we previously identified in a Salmonella Montevideo from The Netherlands associated to the qnrS1 gene (García-Fernández et al.
T393 138976-138983 Sentence denotes 2009 ).
T394 138984-139323 Sentence denotes The novel fully sequenced IncR-SHV-12 plasmid confers resistance to b-lactams and cephalosporines (blaSHV-12, blaTEM-1, blaOXA9), but also to mercuric ions, aminoglycosides (strA-strB, aacA4, aadA1) and sulphonamides and is negative for the conjugative transfer locus, suggesting in trans mobilization mediated by co-resident plasmids. ii.
T395 139324-139436 Sentence denotes The entire plasmid content of two KP ST258 strains (one multidrug resistant and one susceptible) was determined.
T396 139437-139581 Sentence denotes The resistant strain was positive for the carbapenemase KPC-3 located on plasmid pKpQIL, previously identified in ST258 from Israel (NC_014016).
T397 139582-139786 Sentence denotes The susceptible ST258 contained virulence-like plasmids of the FIIK type that likely contributed to the successful spread of this clone, independently by the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes.
T398 139787-140064 Sentence denotes Since plasmids can be considered as "genomes" within the bacterial genome, a fully sequence approach may help to identify the characteristics enhancing the successful spread of specific plasmid families, but also the ability of plasmids to support the host survival and spread.
T399 140065-140067 Sentence denotes A.
T400 140068-140079 Sentence denotes Novais*, J.
T401 140080-140089 Sentence denotes Pires, L.
T402 140090-140107 Sentence denotes Peixe (Porto, PT)
T403 140108-140119 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T404 140120-140312 Sentence denotes Specific UTI-causing E. coli clones have been linked to the emergence and spread of AbR genes but the complete virulence profile of these UPEC clones has only been assessed for a few lineages.
T405 140313-140321 Sentence denotes Methods:
T406 140322-140752 Sentence denotes Our collection includes 104 B2-ST131 (n = 29), D-ST393 (n = 12), D-ST69 (n = 10), D-ST405 (n = 11), A-ST10 complex (n = 18), A-ST23 complex (n = 13), B1-ST155 (n = 6) and B1-ST359 (n = 5) isolates, representing isolates from a 19 year period (1991-2010), different origins (62% hospital, 13.6% healthy volunteers, 13.6% animals, 8.7% outpatients and 1% environment) and locations (n = 89, 8 EU countries; n = 4 Korea; n = 11 USA).
T407 140753-140823 Sentence denotes Of these, n = 46 were UTIisolates and n = 60 were ESBL/AmpC producers.
T408 140824-140908 Sentence denotes Clonal relatedness was assessed by PFGE/MLST and phylogroups were identified by PCR.
T409 140909-141083 Sentence denotes Screening for 33 UPEC virulence factors (VFs) including adhesins, toxins, siderophores, polysaccharide coatings and others (PAI, usp, ibeA) was performed by PCR as described.
T410 141084-141151 Sentence denotes ExPEC isolates were identified by a previously described criterium.
T411 141152-141225 Sentence denotes Results: fimH (90%), iutA (78%) and traT (71%) were found within all STs.
T412 141226-141333 Sentence denotes The number of VFs varied: ST131 or ST393 (n = 18); ST69, ST405 or ST10 (n = 11−14); ST155 or ST359 (n = 7).
T413 141334-141433 Sentence denotes Common virulence profiles were established for each UPEC clone rather than for UTIcausing isolates.
T414 141434-141556 Sentence denotes ExPEC isolates (n = 55, 53%) belonged to all ST393, all ST69 and most ST131, which were enriched in kpsMTII, iutA and iha.
T415 141557-141690 Sentence denotes ExPEC identified in nearly half ST23 and occasionally other STs had pap alleles (papEF, papGIII or papC) and/or kpsMTII besides iutA.
T416 141691-141754 Sentence denotes ST393 and ST69 were also significantly enriched in pap alleles.
T417 141755-142003 Sentence denotes Frequency of usp (53%), sat (55%) and fyuA (58%) was high, though with varible distribution: a) fyuA and sat among D and B2-EC and ST23/ST10, respectively; b) usp among ST131, ST10, ST23 and ST359 (54% of these were CTX-M-14 or CTX-M-15 producers).
T418 142004-142359 Sentence denotes On the other hand, specific VFs were only found in particular STs: i) PAI (31%) mostly within ST131 and ST405; ii) cvaC (12%) was confined to ST23 complex, ST155 and ST359; iii) ibeA (4%) was only identified in ST131 non-CTX-M-15 producers (TEM-4, TEM-24 or CTX-M-1); iv) sfa/doc (3%) was found in ST155 and v) afa/dra (2%) was detected in ST131 isolates.
T419 142360-142371 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T420 142372-142497 Sentence denotes Consistent VFs profiles were found within STs, and differences could not be explained by origin, pathogenesis or AbR profile.
T421 142498-142638 Sentence denotes A and B1 UPEC profile was linked to the presence of fimH (adhesion), iutA (iron uptake), traT (surface exclusion) colV (colicin) and/or usp.
T422 142639-142641 Sentence denotes A.
T423 142642-142653 Sentence denotes Novais*, C.
T424 142654-142667 Sentence denotes Rodrigues, R.
T425 142668-142682 Sentence denotes Branquinho, P.
T426 142683-142694 Sentence denotes Antunes, G.
T427 142695-142706 Sentence denotes Ribeiro, L.
T428 142707-142745 Sentence denotes Peixe (Porto, Coimbra, PT) Objectives:
T429 142746-142855 Sentence denotes The emergence of carbapenem resistance among ESBLproducing isolates has been increasingly reported worldwide.
T430 142856-142983 Sentence denotes We aimed to characterize a recent outbreak of ertapenem (ERT)-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from a Portuguese hospital.
T431 142984-143445 Sentence denotes Methods: ERT-R (n = 15, MIC = 3−>32 mgml, IMI and MER susceptible) and ERT-S (n = 16, presumptive ESBL-producers) K. pneumoniae (KP, n = 21), E. coli (EC, n = 7), E. asburiae (Eas, n = 1), E. aerogenes (Eae, n = 1) and E. cloacae (Ecl, n = 1) isolates were studied (March-August 2010). b-lactamase production was evaluated by phenotypic tests, IEF, PCR (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA, blaGES, blaAmpC, blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes) and sequencing.
T432 143446-143556 Sentence denotes False positives obtained for carbapenemase production phenotypic assays were confirmed spectrophotometrically.
T433 143557-143652 Sentence denotes Strain identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed by standard methods.
T434 143653-143731 Sentence denotes Clonal analysis included PFGE, MLST and identification of E. coli phylogroups.
T435 143732-143798 Sentence denotes Plasmid content and blaCTX-M-15 location were assessed by S1-PFGE.
T436 143799-143915 Sentence denotes Presence of class 1 integrons, sul (sul1, sul2 and sul3) and qnr (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS) genes was searched as described.
T437 143916-144023 Sentence denotes Porins (ompK35, ompK36, ompC, ompF, omp35 and omp36) were investigated by PCR and sequencing, and SDS-PAGE.
T438 144024-144032 Sentence denotes Results:
T439 144033-144151 Sentence denotes Seven ERT-non-S clones (3 KP, 1 EC, 1 Eas, 1 Eae and 1 Ecl, MIC 4−>32 mgml), mostly producing ESBL/AmpC were detected.
T440 144152-144447 Sentence denotes A MDR KP-ST15 epidemic clone (n = 19, 3 PFGE-types, 63% urologytransplant unit, sul2+) was the most frequently identified throughout the whole period and included ERT-S (n = 10, PFGE A and B) and ERT-R (n = 9, PFGE B and C, MIC 3−32 mgml) CTX-M-15 encoding isolates, bla within 50−70Kb plasmids.
T441 144448-144527 Sentence denotes KP-ST14 and KP-ST45 (n = 1 each, MIC 12 mgml) were sporadic non-ESBL producers.
T442 144528-144723 Sentence denotes A CTX-M-15-producing EC-B2-ST131 clone [n = 5 isolates/5 PFGE, ERT-R (MIC = 32 mgml) and ERT-S, different units] was detected at the end of the period (06/07.2010), bla located in 130Kb plasmids.
T443 144724-144858 Sentence denotes One ACT-2 carbapenem-R Eae, one TEM-24-producing Ecl (MIC 4 mgml) and one Eae (MIC >32 mgml) clones were also identified (03/04.2010).
T444 144859-145040 Sentence denotes Different porin alterations were observed among ERT-R clones. qnrB (1 KP, 1 EC), qnrA (1Ecl) and class 1 integrons (dfrA25, dfrA17-Delta-aadA5 and aacA4) were sporadically detected.
T445 145041-145218 Sentence denotes This study reveals a complex allodemic scenario associated with the emergence of ertapenem resistance among different ESBL/AmpC Enterobacteriaceae widespread clones in Portugal.
T446 145219-145344 Sentence denotes Objectives: KPC are an important group of b-lactamases given their spreading in nosocomial settings among Enterobacteriaceae.
T447 145345-145428 Sentence denotes KPC-2 and -3 are the wider disseminated, found mostly on plasmids in K. pneumoniae.
T448 145429-145511 Sentence denotes KPC-positive K. pneumoniae (KPC-KP) have been reported in many European countries.
T449 145512-145605 Sentence denotes After the first description of a KPC-KP in Italy in 2009 only few reports has been published.
T450 145606-145699 Sentence denotes Here we report on the second Italian outbreak, discussing on clinical and molecular features.
T451 145700-145708 Sentence denotes Methods:
T452 145709-145866 Sentence denotes 22 K. pneumoniae isolates collected during 2010 at the San Gerardo Hospital in Monza were analyzed as representative of 58 isolates involved in the outbreak.
T453 145867-145927 Sentence denotes Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed with Vitek 2.
T454 145928-146084 Sentence denotes MICs for imipenem and meropenem were confirmed by Etest for isolates that were positive for carbapenemase production (detected by phenyl boronic acid test).
T455 146085-146151 Sentence denotes Clonal distribution were assessed by rep-PCR, RAPD, PFGE and MLST.
T456 146152-146265 Sentence denotes Selected isolates were subjected to PCR analysis and sequencing to detect the pattern of resistance determinants.
T1 146266-146381 Sentence denotes The 22 investigated isolates showed a MDR phenotype being susceptible only to colistin, gentamicin and tigecycline.
T2 146382-146517 Sentence denotes Results of genotyping techniques were all concordant and showed that all but one isolates were clonally related and belonged to ST 258.
T3 146518-146584 Sentence denotes All isolates were confirmed to be blaKPC-2 positive by sequencing.
T4 146585-146687 Sentence denotes In addition the investigated strains were positive for blaCTX-M-15 and all but one to blaSHV-12 ESBLs.
T5 146688-146799 Sentence denotes 36 additional isolates showing the same phenotypic pattern were presumed to be related to the epidemic cluster.
T6 146800-146811 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T7 146812-146897 Sentence denotes Before November 2009 at the San Gerardo Hospital no KPC-KP strains has been isolated.
T8 146898-146966 Sentence denotes During the studied period, 22 clonally related KPC-KP were obtained.
T9 146967-147033 Sentence denotes Isolates belonged to ST 258 as the first described Italian KPC-KP.
T10 147034-147126 Sentence denotes This clone is the major responsible of worldwide spreading of these resistance determinants.
T11 147127-147261 Sentence denotes Molecular analysis demonstrated the presence in all isolates of blaKPC-2, and blaCTX-M-15 and in all but one of blaSHV-12 b-lactamase.
T12 147262-147434 Sentence denotes The only KPC-KP isolate not clonally related to the outbreak clone, was positive for blaSHV-1 determinant and was obtained from a patient transferred from another Hospital.
T13 147435-147564 Sentence denotes This different clone represent an exception in the Italian epidemiological scenario where all described KPC-KP belonged to ST258.
T14 147565-147688 Sentence denotes The rep-PCR approach here described appear to be a rapid and robust technique to investigate clonal relationship of KPC-KP.
T15 147689-147691 Sentence denotes L.
T16 147692-147702 Sentence denotes Papst*, K.
T17 147703-147711 Sentence denotes Seme, P.
T18 147712-147724 Sentence denotes Gabrijel, B.
T19 147725-147759 Sentence denotes Beovic (Ljubljana, SI) Objectives:
T20 147760-147917 Sentence denotes Detection and isolation of patients colonised with ESBLproducing bacteria is an important measure to prevent transmission of resistant bacteria in hospitals.
T21 147918-148046 Sentence denotes In a prospective study we wanted to determine the anatomical sites of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
T22 148047-148055 Sentence denotes Methods:
T23 148056-148189 Sentence denotes Patients colonised or infected with ESBL-producing bacteria were included in a prospective study from November 2009 to November 2010.
T24 148190-148265 Sentence denotes Rectal swab, urine culture, and throat swab were performed in each patient.
T25 148266-148375 Sentence denotes Wound swabs were obtained in patients with wound, and sputum was collected in patients with productive cough.
T26 148376-148422 Sentence denotes Sample collection was repeated every 3 months.
T27 148423-148515 Sentence denotes Collected samples were inoculated on chromogenic agar selective for ESBL-producing bacteria.
T28 148516-148653 Sentence denotes Disc diffusion method was done for K. pneumoniae and/or E. coli isolates to assess antimicrobial susceptibility profile for each isolate.
T29 148654-148662 Sentence denotes Results:
T30 148663-148710 Sentence denotes 89 sample collections were done in 42 patients.
T31 148711-148792 Sentence denotes Patients, 28 males and 14 females, were 24 to 94 years old (62 years on average).
T32 148793-148986 Sentence denotes 4 patients were on immunosuppressive therapy, 5 had a chronic cardiovascular disease, 3 were diabetics on insulin, 2 patients had chronic kidney failure and 3 had a chronic respiratory illness.
T33 148987-149093 Sentence denotes 26 patients were colonised with K. pneumoniae, 6 patients with E. coli, in 10 patients both were isolated.
T34 149094-149171 Sentence denotes At least one sample was positive for ESBL-producing bacteria on 73 occasions.
T35 149172-149282 Sentence denotes Rectal swab was positive on 68 (93.2%), throat swabs on 22 (30.1%) and urine cultures on 25 (34.2%) occasions.
T36 149283-149346 Sentence denotes Sputum culture was performed 11 times, 6 (54.6%) were positive.
T37 149347-149401 Sentence denotes Wound swabs were positive in 50% (9/18 samples taken).
T38 149402-149527 Sentence denotes On 5 occasions (in 4 patients), in which rectal swab was negative, ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae was isolated only from urine.
T39 149528-149660 Sentence denotes In 3 out of these 4 patients rectal swabs from initial sample collections were positive, together with urine, throat or wound swabs.
T40 149661-149778 Sentence denotes 6 to 12 months later, however, urine was the only positive site, in 1 of the patients even on 2 subsequent occasions.
T41 149779-149906 Sentence denotes Our results have shown that rectal swabs are positive in most patients colonised with ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae.
T42 149907-150048 Sentence denotes We can assume that rectal swab is an appropriate method for routine screening for colonisation with E. coli and K. pneumoniae producing ESBL.
T43 150049-150135 Sentence denotes However, in some patients the urine may at least transitory be the only positive site.
T44 150136-150252 Sentence denotes Enterobacter cloacae isolates producing the VIM-1 metallob-lactamase in a neonatal unit of a tertiary Greek hospital
T45 150253-150264 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T46 150265-150382 Sentence denotes Enterobacter cloacae isolates, which produce metallo b-lactamases (MBLs) are regarded as an emerging clinical threat.
T47 150383-150447 Sentence denotes Infections by such pathogens involving neonates remain uncommon.
T48 150448-150652 Sentence denotes We analyzed clinical characteristics and outcomes of bloodstream infections due to VIM-producing E. cloacae in preterm neonates who were hospitalized in the neonatal unit of a tertiary hospital in Greece.
T49 150653-150661 Sentence denotes Methods:
T50 150662-150835 Sentence denotes During a one-year period (Jan 2010-Dec 2010), neonates presented bloodstream infections due to E. cloacae which exhibited reduced susceptibility to carbapenems were studied.
T51 150836-150895 Sentence denotes Bacterial isolates were identified by Vitek 2 (bioMérieux).
T52 150896-150943 Sentence denotes MICs were determined by E-testing (AB Biodisk).
T53 150944-151077 Sentence denotes Phenotypic testing was performed using the modified Hodge test, the combined EDTA disk test and boronic acid potentiation disk tests.
T54 151078-151232 Sentence denotes PCR was used to screen for carbapenemase genes (blaVIM, blaIPM and blaKPC) as well as for ESBL (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV) and plasmid-mediated AmpC genes.
T55 151233-151287 Sentence denotes DNA sequencing was used to identify the MBL type gene.
T56 151288-151296 Sentence denotes Results:
T57 151297-151410 Sentence denotes During the study, five premature neonates had bloodstream infection due to carbapenem-non-susceptible E. cloacae.
T58 151411-151545 Sentence denotes The isolates exhibited variable carbapenem MICs ranging for imipenem from 1−4 mg/ml, meropenem 1− 16 mg/ml and ertapenem 0.5− 8 mg/ml.
T59 151546-151646 Sentence denotes All isolates remained sensitive to tigecycline and colistin, while two were resistant to gentamicin.
T60 151647-151698 Sentence denotes Phenotypic tests were indicative of MBL production.
T61 151699-151842 Sentence denotes PCR was used for the verification and identification of the carbapenemase; it confirmed the presence solely of the blaVIM gene in all isolates.
T62 151843-151901 Sentence denotes DNA sequencing and BLAST search identifying blaVIM-1 gene.
T63 151902-152033 Sentence denotes Of the 5 neonates, 4 were female and one male, their mean age of gestation was 27.6±2.5 w and their mean weight was 0.974±0.218 kg.
T64 152034-152163 Sentence denotes Three of the 5 neonates had been exposed to carbapenems during their hospitalization prior to the reported bloodstream infection.
T65 152164-152267 Sentence denotes Clinical records of these premature neonates were analyzed and the attributable mortality rate was 40%.
T66 152268-152433 Sentence denotes The study showed that premature neonates represent a group of patients especially vulnerable to life threatening infections due to MBL-producing E. cloacae isolates.
T67 152434-152547 Sentence denotes Carbapenem MICs tend to be variable for these strains and early detection remains a challenge for the laboratory.
T68 152548-152684 Sentence denotes The timely implementation of infection control strategies is an absolute necessity in order to prevent the spread of these MDR bacteria.
T69 152685-152813 Sentence denotes Objectives: DHA-1, an inducible acquired AmpC b-lactamase, confers resistance to most b-lactams except cefepime and carbapenems.
T70 152814-153190 Sentence denotes Since a previous study displaying the genetic context of a well characterized collection of 30 DHA-1 producers showed that donors and transconjugants of two of these isolates of Escherichia coli carried bla(DHA-1) on multiple plasmids as well as on the chromosome, one of these isolates was selected for further analyses to better understand the element mobilizing bla(DHA-1).
T71 153191-153386 Sentence denotes To check if results obtained by the first study were reproducible, we repeated the conjugation assays and picked up 25 independent transconjugant colonies, selected with ceftazidime and rifampin.
T72 153387-153655 Sentence denotes The plasmid and chromosomal location of bla(DHA-1) in the parental and the 25 transconjugants selected was then investigated by S1 and Xba1 digestion of the entire DNA followed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and probing with 32P labelled bla(DHA-1) probes.
T73 153656-153933 Sentence denotes Results: S1-PFGE and hybridisation analyses with bla(DHA-1) probe among the donor and the 25 transconjugant colonies analysed revealed that bla(DHA-1) genes were carried on plasmids in the donor and six of the 25 transconjugants tested, but also on the chromosome in all cases.
T74 153934-154057 Sentence denotes Moreover, multiple hybridisation bands were observed when hybridising the Xba1-PFGE with bla(DHA-1) in all transconjugants.
T75 154058-154070 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T76 154071-154179 Sentence denotes Acquired AmpC b-lactamases has recently been described mobilised by integrative conjugative elements (ICEs).
T77 154180-154276 Sentence denotes These elements are capable to transfer themselves from chromosome to chromosome via conjugation.
T78 154277-154511 Sentence denotes As bla(DHA-1) was present on the chromosome of the donor and was transferred to the chromosome of all 25 transconjugants, we hypothesize that an ICE could be involved in the mobilisation the bla(DHA-1) genes in these E. coli isolates.
T79 154512-154656 Sentence denotes Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) is a method to discriminate microbial isolates through the partial sequencing of selected housekeeping genes.
T80 154657-154746 Sentence denotes The BioNumerics ® software is widely used for the storage and analysis of MLST sequences.
T81 154747-155004 Sentence denotes With the use of an adapted plugin tool, BioNumerics automatically assembles and processes sequence trace files, connects to the online MLST database, and retrieves corresponding allele numbers, sequence types as well as available clonal complex information.
T82 155005-155161 Sentence denotes In the case of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli (http://pubmlst.org/ campylobacter/) 4378 profiles are available (24/02/2010) linked to 43 clonal complexes.
T83 155162-155272 Sentence denotes Using the BioNumerics ® Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) we illustrate the interrelation of these clonal complexes.
T84 155273-155334 Sentence denotes MST's are well-known in the context of mathematical topology.
T85 155335-155510 Sentence denotes When a set of distances is given between n samples, a minimum spanning tree connects all samples in such a way that the summed distance of all branches of the tree is minimal.
T86 155511-155643 Sentence denotes With the principle of maximum parsimony (MP), MST shares the idea that evolution should be explained with as few events as possible.
T87 155644-155828 Sentence denotes In contrast to MP, a "classical" MST does not allow the creation of hypothetical nodes, relying on all states present in the sampled dataset to explain the relationships and evolution.
T88 155829-155967 Sentence denotes Therefore, MST is only applicable in studies focusing on a very short evolutionary time frame (micro-evolution) and for complete datasets.
T89 155968-156125 Sentence denotes The MST algorithm presented here allows the creation of hypothetical nodes when the total distance of the tree is reduced by a user-defined number of events.
T90 156126-156281 Sentence denotes In the context of MLST, hypothetical nodes are usually missing allelic types for which a number of single locus variants (SLVs) are present in the dataset.
T91 156282-156397 Sentence denotes Introducing hypothetical allelic types has proven to produce more reliable models in non-complete sampled datasets.
T92 156398-156653 Sentence denotes Additionally, to select the MST that has the most probable evolutionary interpretation among multiple equivalent solutions (degenerate trees), BioNumerics ® has editable priority rules for tie handling adopted from the BURST program (http://www.mlst.net).
T93 156654-156767 Sentence denotes The data flow will be illustrated through the processing of MLST trace files from C. jejuni and C. coli isolates.
T94 156768-156983 Sentence denotes An UPGMA dendrogram for a mixture of MLST profiles of C. jejuni and C. coli, based on similarities calculated by the categorical coefficient, will be compared to a Minimum Spanning Tree obtained using the same data.
T95 156984-156994 Sentence denotes Objective:
T96 156995-157094 Sentence denotes Fast techniques for routine strain typing in the clinical microbiology laboratory are useful tools.
T97 157095-157361 Sentence denotes We report the results of a comparative study between automated rep-PCR and wholecell matrix-assisted laser desortion ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for molecular-epidemiological analysis of nososcomial carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella spp.
T98 157362-157370 Sentence denotes Methods:
T99 157371-157574 Sentence denotes Thirteen Klebsiella spp (9 K. oxytoca and 4 K. pneumoniae) nosocomial isolates that were VIM-1 metallo-b-lactamase producers were analyzed by automated rep-PCR (DiversiLab System) and MALDI-TOF MS AXIMA.
T100 157575-157647 Sentence denotes Species identification was performed by Vitek 2 System and by MALDI-TOF.
T101 157648-157750 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolated bacteria were assayed using Vitek 2 System and Etest.
T102 157751-157845 Sentence denotes DNA array was used for detection of KPC and, TEM, SHV and CTX-M extended spectrum b-lactamase.
T103 157846-157908 Sentence denotes The detection of blaVIM-1 gene was done by PCR and sequencing.
T104 157909-157917 Sentence denotes Results:
T105 157918-158065 Sentence denotes All Klebsiella spp isolates except one K. oxytoca had the blaVIM-1 gene and all K. pneumoniae had, also, blaSHV gene associated to ESBL production.
T106 158066-158183 Sentence denotes Rep-PCR using DiversiLab system showed higher discriminatory power than MALDI-TOF spectra analysis for strain typing.
T107 158184-158366 Sentence denotes The combined use of MALDI-TOF for species identification and DiversiLab System for clonal strain typing may be a useful tool for fast and accurate management of nosocomial outbreaks.
T108 158367-158498 Sentence denotes These trends are mainly driven by fluconazole use, and call for closer monitoring of antimycotic and antifungal use and resistance.
T109 158499-158509 Sentence denotes Objective:
T110 158510-158588 Sentence denotes Cefotaxime is a widely used antibiotic in the treatment of neonatal infection.
T111 158589-158729 Sentence denotes Dosing of b-lactam antibiotics by continuous infusion has been suggested to improve treatment outcome, as compared to intermittent infusion.
T112 158730-158821 Sentence denotes However, continuous infusion is critical in neonates because of fluid and salt restriction.
T113 158822-158947 Sentence denotes Glucose 10% is often used as a nutrient supply in neonates and could at the same time serve as a good solvent for cefotaxime.
T114 158948-159075 Sentence denotes Yet, stability data of cefotaxime in glucose 10% are lacking, restraining pediatricians from continuous infusion of cefotaxime.
T115 159076-159135 Sentence denotes We investigated the stability of cefotaxime in glucose 10%.
T116 159136-159143 Sentence denotes Method:
T117 159144-159246 Sentence denotes Cefotaxime was dissolved in glucose 10% in a concentration of 80 mg/ml and stored at room temperature.
T118 159247-159405 Sentence denotes Cefotaxime levels were measured every sixty minutes for eight hours and after 24 hours using a validated High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method.
T119 159406-159451 Sentence denotes All measurements were performed in duplicate.
T120 159452-159571 Sentence denotes Values estimated for each sample at subsequent time points were calculated as percentages of the initial concentration.
T121 159572-159686 Sentence denotes Recovery below 90 percent of the initial concentration was defined as significant loss, using worldwide standards.
T122 159687-159695 Sentence denotes Results:
T123 159696-159755 Sentence denotes The relative concentration time curve is shown in figure 1.
T124 159756-159905 Sentence denotes After 24 hours, the cefotaxime concentration declined to 98.1% (SEM 1.65), indicating that cefotaxime is stable for at least 24 hours in glucose 10%.
T125 159906-159917 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T126 159918-160059 Sentence denotes Even after 24 hours, cefotaxime does not decrease to the 90% limit of stability in a concentration of 80 mg/ml when dissolved in glucose 10%.
T127 160060-160180 Sentence denotes Glucose 10% is a good solvent for cefotaxime allowing continuous infusion with changes of infusion bags only once a day.
T128 160181-160283 Sentence denotes This facilitates optimal treatment, allows glucose supplementation and reduces nursing staff workload.
T129 160284-160294 Sentence denotes Objective:
T130 160295-160514 Sentence denotes Analysis of diagnostic accuracy of the suspected origins of the bacteremias and the prognostic influence of the type of microorganism, adquisition, empirical treatment and origin of bacteremia in the evolution to death.
T131 160515-160536 Sentence denotes Material and Methods:
T132 160537-160740 Sentence denotes A retrospective study of bacteremia diagnosed during 2 years in a South Hospital in Madrid, analyzing suspected origin, final origin, acquisition, microorganism, empirical therapy and evolution to death.
T133 160741-160749 Sentence denotes Results:
T134 160750-160779 Sentence denotes 326 bacteremia were analyzed.
T135 160780-160945 Sentence denotes Congruence between diagnosis suspected/definitive origin of nosocomial bacteremia was 80,26% (61/76) with a difference of 19,7% (95% CI 10,7% to 28,6%), Sig: <0,001.
T136 160946-161114 Sentence denotes Congruence between diagnosis suspected/definitive origin of community bacteremia was of 81,3% (192/236) with a difference of 18,6% (95% CI 15,6% to 30,6%), Sig: <0,001.
T137 161115-161244 Sentence denotes Bacteremias of respiratory origin had a percent of apropriate empiric diagnosis of 93,5% while that of vascular origin, only 56%.
T138 161245-161408 Sentence denotes S. pneumoniae had a percent of apropriate empiric diagnosis of 91,6%, while non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli 60% and coagulase negative Staphylococcus 52,1%.
T139 161409-161518 Sentence denotes Mortality was 2,95 CI 95% (1,01 to 4,29) fold higher in bacteremic inadequate empirical antibiotic treatment.
T140 161519-161596 Sentence denotes The mortality in the group receiving inadequate antibiotic therapy was 19,7%.
T141 161597-161662 Sentence denotes Difference between both groups was 9,1% CI 95% (0,8% to 19%) Sig:
T142 161663-161669 Sentence denotes 0,042.
T143 161670-161819 Sentence denotes The difference in mortality between the group with right and wrong suspected diagnosis of origin of bacteremia was 3,45% CI 95% (−0,6% to 13,5%) Sig:
T144 161820-161825 Sentence denotes 0,47.
T145 161826-161856 Sentence denotes OR 1,33 (95% CI 0,59 to 2,99).
T146 161857-162078 Sentence denotes Clinicians have a high degree of suspicion about correct original focus of bacteremia, higher in the respiratory origin and lowest in those of vascular origin, and these data are consistent with the type of microorganism.
T147 162079-162185 Sentence denotes The degree of success does not affect the overall mortality of bacteremia but empirical treatment does it.
T148 162186-162196 Sentence denotes Objective:
T149 162197-162383 Sentence denotes To investigate the outcome of patients treated with colistin either by IV or inhalation therapy for nosocomial pneumonia associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
T150 162384-162392 Sentence denotes Methods:
T151 162393-162588 Sentence denotes A retrospective study of 20 intensive care patients with a pneumonia associated with MDR P. aeruginosa receiving colistin sulphomethate sodium (Colistineb ® ) between 2007 and 2009 was performed.
T152 162589-162795 Sentence denotes A strain was considered multidrug-resistant if it was resistant to at least 6 of the following antibiotics: piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin.
T153 162796-163017 Sentence denotes The administration mode, predicted mortality based on the SAPS3 score, SOFA score at onset of the colistin treatment, clinical and microbiological response, and mortality during the episode of the infection were analysed.
T154 163018-163181 Sentence denotes The non parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher's Exact test were used for statistical analysis of respectively the predicted mortality/SOFA score and mortality rate.
T155 163182-163190 Sentence denotes Results:
T156 163191-163328 Sentence denotes Six patients received colistin by inhalation only, 5 were treated only parenterally, and 9 by a combination of both administration modes.
T157 163329-163382 Sentence denotes All patients received concomitant bètalactam therapy.
T158 163383-163461 Sentence denotes The mean predicted mortalities were respectively 72%, 68%, and 69% (p = 0.91).
T159 163462-163536 Sentence denotes SOFA scores at the onset of the treatment were also comparable (p = 0.87).
T160 163537-163701 Sentence denotes Clinical response was favourable in all patients receiving colistin by inhalation (6/6) and in 40% (2/5) of the patients receiving colistin parenterally (p = 0.06).
T161 163702-163928 Sentence denotes In the patients with colistin administered both via inhalation and parenterally, clinical response was favourable in 78% of the patients (7/9) (p = 0.27 as compared to the treatment group receiving colistin only parenterally).
T162 163929-164107 Sentence denotes When all patients with inhalation therapy were compared to the group without inhalation therapy, a favorable clinical response was present in respectively 87% and 40% (p = 0.06).
T163 164108-164197 Sentence denotes In none of the patients, the Pseudomonas spp. was eradicated from the follow-up cultures.
T164 164198-164250 Sentence denotes All patients in the parenterally treated group died.
T165 164251-164467 Sentence denotes None of the patients receiving colistin by inhalation, and 3 of 9 patients of the combination group eventually died (p = 0.002 and p = 0.03 respectively as compared to the group receiving colistin only parenterally).
T166 164468-164479 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T167 164480-164611 Sentence denotes Aerosolized colistin could be beneficial as adjunctive treatment for the management of pneumonia associated with MDR P. aeruginosa.
T168 164612-164623 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T169 164624-164777 Sentence denotes Inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs is associated with increased hospital expenditure, emergence of resistant bacteria and unnecessary side-effects.
T170 164778-164890 Sentence denotes Concerning this, antibiotic stewardship is among the main concerns of the hospital infection control programmes.
T171 164891-164973 Sentence denotes A "surgical antibiotic prophylaxis guide" was established in our hospital in 2008.
T172 164974-165139 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to investigate the point prevalence of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery clinics and to evaluate the appropriateness of the antibiotic use.
T173 165140-165250 Sentence denotes The study was conducted in the Ankara Training & Research Hospital, a 670-bed tertiary care teaching hospital.
T174 165251-165347 Sentence denotes The hospital contains 23 operation rooms and over 15.000 operations are performed within a year.
T175 165348-165692 Sentence denotes On the 16th of December 2010 infectious diseases consultants went to the operation rooms of eight surgery clinics (Plastics & reconstructive surgery, general surgery, ophthalmology, ear-nose-throat, orthopaedics, urology, obstetrics & gynaecology (O&G) and neurosurgery) and investigate the prophylactic antibiotic regimen before the surgeries.
T176 165693-165800 Sentence denotes The duration of the intended use of antibiotics after the surgeries was also included in the questionnaire.
T177 165801-165809 Sentence denotes Results:
T178 165810-165902 Sentence denotes Seventy-two of 196 hospitalized surgery patients were underwent different kind of surgeries.
T179 165903-165945 Sentence denotes 50 of them (69.4%) were using prophylaxis.
T180 165946-166073 Sentence denotes Cefazolin (45.8%), sulbactam-ampicillin (11.1%) and ceftriaxone (6.9%) were the most frequent antibiotics used for prophylaxis.
T181 166074-166172 Sentence denotes In four patients (5.6%) combined antibiotics (metronidazole plus any antibiotics above) were used.
T182 166173-166223 Sentence denotes 30.6% of the patients did not get any prophylaxis.
T183 166224-166375 Sentence denotes The mean duration of the antibiotic use was 2.7 (1−22) days and the intended use of the antibiotic prophylaxis after the surgeries was 3.8 (1−10) days.
T184 166376-166473 Sentence denotes 45 (62.5%) of the antibiotic prophylaxis regimens were inappropriate according to the guidelines.
T185 166474-166634 Sentence denotes The reasons for the inappropriateness were as follows: wrong antibiotic (8.9%), wrong doses and duration (84.4%) and no antibiotics in spite of the need (6.7%).
T186 166635-166741 Sentence denotes The current study showed a high percentage of inappropriate surgical prophylaxis regimens in our hospital.
T187 166742-166851 Sentence denotes The main problems about the inappropriate prophylactic antibiotic use were the dose and the duration (84.4%).
T188 166852-166890 Sentence denotes The chosen antibiotic was 91.1% right.
T189 166891-167076 Sentence denotes As conclusion we suggest that the hospital infection control programmes must include the follow up of the use of established guidelines, just introducing them seems to be not efficient.
T190 167077-167088 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T191 167089-167162 Sentence denotes The first epidemic of tularemia in South-eastern Serbia happened in 1999.
T192 167163-167254 Sentence denotes During a 10 years period, from 1999. till 2008, 151 patients were hospitalized and treated.
T193 167255-167370 Sentence denotes The purpose of the study was to analyze and determine the best therapy choices in patients suffered from tularemia.
T194 167371-167379 Sentence denotes Methods:
T195 167380-167508 Sentence denotes Before hospitalization 16.5% were not treated, 58.8% were inadequately treated, 10.3% were adequately treated and 14.4% unknown.
T196 167509-167575 Sentence denotes An average duration of disease before hospitalization was 35 days.
T197 167576-167739 Sentence denotes Antibiotic monotherapy was administrated to 53 patients: gentamicin (27 patients), ciprofloxacin (11), amikacin (8), streptomycin (5) and doxycycline (2 patients).
T198 167740-167997 Sentence denotes Combined (polyvalent or successive) antibiotic therapy was administrated to 98 patients: gentamicin and ciprofloxacin (66 patients), gentamicin and doxycycline (18), ciprofloxacin and doxycycline (2), gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline (12 patients).
T199 167998-168282 Sentence denotes The biggest success in treatment (75% cured) was noticed in patients after combination of gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline, then combination of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin (71%), then monotherapy of gentamicin (68%) and combination of gentamicin and doxycycline (67% cured).
T200 168283-168457 Sentence denotes In comparison to number of treated patients, the biggest success in treatment (71%) had the combination of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, then monotherapy of gentamicin (68%).
T201 168458-168494 Sentence denotes Outcome of medicamentosus treatment:
T202 168495-168539 Sentence denotes 92 patients (61%) of 151 were totally cured.
T203 168540-168588 Sentence denotes The complications happened in 59 patients (39%):
T204 168589-168758 Sentence denotes 1. abscessing of lymph nodes with or without fistulisation at 36 patients (23.8), 2. relapse − 12 patients (8%), 3. both complications at 11 patients (7.2%) (graphic 1).
T205 168759-168852 Sentence denotes The relapses included recidivante lymph node enlargement or intake more than one lymph nodes.
T206 168853-169009 Sentence denotes Final outome after conservative and radical treatment was total curing of 143 patients (94.7%) and residual persistant lymphadenopathy at 8 patients (5.3%).
T207 169010-169021 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T208 169022-169099 Sentence denotes Reasons for appearance of complications during therapy of tularemic patients:
T209 169100-169287 Sentence denotes 1. inadequate initial antibiotic treatment 2. late onset of adequate antibiotic therapy 3. possible appearence of resistant species of F. tularensis in the region of South-eastern Serbia.
T210 169288-169410 Sentence denotes Early, forehand treatment restrains the colliquation of lymph nodes, recurrence of disease and dissemination of infection.
T211 169411-169504 Sentence denotes Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for prevention of complication and complete curing.
T212 169505-169515 Sentence denotes Objective:
T213 169516-169600 Sentence denotes There is a variety of methods to improve antimicrobial appropriateness in hospitals.
T214 169601-169759 Sentence denotes The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of an antimicrobial stewardship program on antibiotic use at the Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Martorell.
T215 169760-169806 Sentence denotes The study was conducted in a 132 bed-hospital.
T216 169807-169865 Sentence denotes Antibiotic consumption was monitored one year prior (2008)
T217 169867-169869 Sentence denotes A.
T218 169870-169879 Sentence denotes Dinh*, J.
T219 169880-169891 Sentence denotes Salomon, J.
T220 169892-169899 Sentence denotes Bru, L.
T221 169900-169947 Sentence denotes Bernard (Garches, Annecy, Tours, FR) Objective:
T222 169948-170118 Sentence denotes For several years, antimicrobial resistance rates among bacteria have continued to rise, with limited therapeutic options due to the shortage of new antimicrobial agents.
T223 170119-170200 Sentence denotes This situation has led to renewed interest in old antibiotics such as fosfomycin.
T224 170201-170307 Sentence denotes We evaluate efficacy and safety of fosfomycin on resistant bacteria especially in critically ill patients.
T225 170308-170315 Sentence denotes Method:
T226 170316-170458 Sentence denotes Retrospective study evaluating the use and efficacy of fosfomycin as the only covering drug for 27 infections due to multi resistant bacteria.
T227 170459-170642 Sentence denotes Parenteral fosfomycin combined with another antibiotic appears to be safe and effective treatment for severe infections caused by resistant bacteria sensitive only to this antibiotic.
T228 170643-170765 Sentence denotes A further benefit is its low (~3%) and stable rate of resistance in countries in which it has been in use for a long time.
T229 170766-170839 Sentence denotes This should be confirmed by further studies to substantiate this finding.
T230 170840-170851 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T231 170852-170984 Sentence denotes To describe the real world clinical experience of the use of daptomycin (DAP) for the treatment of infective endocarditis in the UK.
T232 170985-170993 Sentence denotes Methods:
T233 170994-171217 Sentence denotes A retrospective non-interventional review of patients (pts) receiving DAP in 8 UK institutions participating in the European Cubicin ® Outcomes Registry and Experience (EU-CORESM) during the first 2.5 years of the registry.
T234 171218-171333 Sentence denotes Efficacy was evaluated by the investigator at the end of DAP therapy as cured, improved, failure and non-evaluable.
T235 171334-171500 Sentence denotes Data were collected on demographics, antibiotic usage, microbiological and clinical outcomes and adverse events from pts treated between January 2006 and August 2009.
T236 171501-171626 Sentence denotes Patients (pts) were categorised by severity (complicated and uncomplicated) and the anatomical site of the primary infection.
T237 171627-171698 Sentence denotes All pts included in the registry had received at least one dose of DAP.
T238 171699-171707 Sentence denotes Results:
T239 171708-171754 Sentence denotes 51 pts with a mean age of 61 yrs were treated.
T240 171755-171816 Sentence denotes The majority of pts had significant underlying disease (86%).
T241 171817-171839 Sentence denotes 55% had left-sided IE.
T242 171840-171926 Sentence denotes Both sides were involved in 16%, 14% had right-sided and 14% foreign body involvement.
T243 171927-172074 Sentence denotes Prior antibiotics had been received by 84% pts, with the reason for discontinuation of therapy being loss of susceptibility/ resistance in 46% pts.
T244 172075-172135 Sentence denotes Cultures were obtained for the primary infection in 94% pts.
T245 172136-172396 Sentence denotes Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated organism (31%), followed by and coagulase-negative staphylococci (14%) and Streptococcus spp (8%) Heart valves were replaced in 22% pts, but there was no surgical intervention in the majority of pts (72%).
T246 172397-172482 Sentence denotes Mean duration of therapy was 21 days and 63% of pts received concomitant antibiotics.
T247 172483-172533 Sentence denotes DAP 6 mg/kg 24h was the most frequently used dose.
T248 172534-172642 Sentence denotes Clinical outcomes were success, defined as 'cure plus improved' (73%), failure (4%) and non-evaluable (23%).
T249 172643-172745 Sentence denotes Adverse events were reported regardless of study drug relationship and were experienced by 29% of pts.
T250 172746-172795 Sentence denotes The mean time to clinical improvement was 6 days.
T251 172796-172855 Sentence denotes Therapy was stopped because of an adverse event in 12% pts.
T252 172856-172868 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T253 172869-173020 Sentence denotes Despite the number of prior antibiotic failures and multiple comorbidites in these pts the overall clinical success rate in this UK population was 73%.
T254 173021-173222 Sentence denotes There is emerging evidence that DAP is being used to treat infections caused by other Gram-positive species that are of increasing importance in IE, particularly where treatment options may be limited.
T255 173223-173326 Sentence denotes The data from the current series adds to the body of evidence for the efficacy of DAP in left-sided IE.
T256 173327-173507 Sentence denotes Subjective clinical improvement after NA was described by 12 patients (70.5%) and microbiological eradication of PA was confirmed in 7 patients (41.2%), though there was 1 relapse.
T257 173508-173594 Sentence denotes NA did not result in clinical improvement in 2 patients, though it was well tolerated.
T258 173595-173677 Sentence denotes Three patients did not tolerate any of the NA administered (at least COL and TOB).
T259 173678-173809 Sentence denotes Table 1 shows the reduction in mean number of admissions/year and mean lenght of stay/year in days after NA onset for all patients.
T260 173810-173882 Sentence denotes A statistically significant reduction is observed when PA is eradicated.
T261 173883-173993 Sentence denotes On the whole, 8 patients presented side effects at any time during treatment (47%), mainly bronchospasm (60%).
T262 173994-174079 Sentence denotes Side effects that prompted treatment interruption were observed during 15 NA courses:
T263 174080-174132 Sentence denotes 6 with COL (40%), 8 with TOB (53.3%) and 1 with GEN.
T264 174133-174135 Sentence denotes 1.
T265 174136-174230 Sentence denotes NA resulted in clinical improvement in 70.5% of BQ patients and in eradication of PA in 41.2%.
T266 174231-174233 Sentence denotes 2.
T267 174234-174310 Sentence denotes NA reduced number of admissions and length of stay per year in all patients.
T268 174311-174454 Sentence denotes A statistically significant reduction was observed in patients that achieved PA eradication, in whom NA prevented nearly 2 admissions per year.
T269 174455-174457 Sentence denotes 3.
T270 174458-174538 Sentence denotes Side effects were observed in 47% of patients and 17.6% did not tolerate any NA.
T271 174539-174653 Sentence denotes Increasing prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics is regarded to facilitate selection of multiresistant germs.
T272 174654-174826 Sentence denotes Surveillance of outpatient antibiotic use might contribute to the efforts made for preventing the spread of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) within regional networks.
T273 174827-175167 Sentence denotes In the EURSAFETY HEALTH-NET, this issue has been addressed by offering training sessions on MRSA and antibiotic awareness to general practitioners in cooperation with the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians Westphalia-Lippe (KVWL) which represents the German part of the EUREGIO and other regions in North Rhine-Westphalia.
T274 175168-175282 Sentence denotes Furthermore, in 2006, a possibility for reimbursement of MRSA eradication therapy in outpatients has been created.
T275 175283-175425 Sentence denotes We present data comparing the use of selected antibiotics in outpatient care of medical doctors in the EUREGIO to those in other KVWL regions.
T276 175426-175587 Sentence denotes Regional data for outpatient prescription of antibiotics (based on Defined Daily Doses (DDD)) were collected by the KVWL and analyzed for the years 2002 to 2009.
T277 175588-175767 Sentence denotes In order to compare the prescription of different antibiotics like fluoroquinolones or mupirocin in the EUREGIO to the whole KVWL region, we used the Cochrane Armitage Trend Test.
T278 175768-175892 Sentence denotes Altogether, a total of 12.2 DDD/day per 1,000 inhabitants (DID) were prescribed in 2002, followed by 12.9 DID, 12.9 DID, 14.
T279 175893-175975 Sentence denotes 4 DID, 13.8 DID, 14.4 DID, 14.7 DID and 14.8 DID from 2003 to 2009 , respectively.
T280 175976-176138 Sentence denotes From 2002 to 2009 the percentage of prescriptions of all antibiotics and of fluorochinolones decreased significantly in EUREGIO relating to the whole KVWL region.
T281 176139-176250 Sentence denotes In contrast, the number of mupirocin prescriptions increased significantly more in EUREGIO than in KVWL region.
T282 176251-176344 Sentence denotes As desirable, the medical doctors in the EUREGIO region tends to more prudent antibiotic use.
T283 176345-176565 Sentence denotes The increasing number of mupirocin prescription among outpatients reflects the growing demand and, facilitated by new refunding possibilities, the increasing implementation of MRSA eradication therapy in outpatient care.
T284 176566-176657 Sentence denotes Regional trends which may reflect effects of interventions can be observed in routine data.
T285 176658-176669 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T286 176670-176814 Sentence denotes Chronic brucellosis (CB) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are characterized by a collection of non-specific symptoms and long-lasting fatigue.
T287 176815-176899 Sentence denotes Of note, there are no objective clinical and diagnostic findings in both CB and CFS.
T288 176900-177158 Sentence denotes A low-molecular-mass (37 kDa) isoform of RNAse L has been described in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) extracts and the ratio of two isoforms of RNAse L (37 kDa/83 kDa) has been proposed as a potential biochemical marker of CFS (Tiev et al., 2003) .
T289 177159-177228 Sentence denotes To our knowledge, the RNase L has never been analyzed in CB patients.
T290 177229-177381 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to determine the ratio of the 37kDa/83KDa isoforms in CB patients and compare the results with healthy wellmatched volunteers.
T291 177382-177472 Sentence denotes The CB group consisted of 9 patients (5 women and 4 men; mean standard deviation (SD) age:
T292 177473-177571 Sentence denotes 49±9 years) that had been diagnosed with brucellosis between five and 35 years prior to the study.
T293 177572-177667 Sentence denotes Two of the CB patients had focal disease (one spondylitis and one multifocal motor neuropathy).
T294 177668-177771 Sentence denotes The remaining 7 subjects had non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, malaise, arthralgia and/or myalgia.
T295 177772-177824 Sentence denotes Five of the 9 CB patients had been diagnosed of CFS.
T296 177825-177938 Sentence denotes The control group consisted of 7 matched healthy volunteers (4 women and 3 men; mean standard deviation (SD) age:
T297 177939-177951 Sentence denotes 31±3 years).
T298 177952-178006 Sentence denotes PBMCs were isolated by densitygradient centrifugation.
T299 178007-178066 Sentence denotes Target proteins were probed using a Western Blot procedure.
T300 178067-178172 Sentence denotes Results: PBMC extracts from all subjects give rise to a major 83 kDa and a minor 37 kDa polypeptide band.
T301 178173-178425 Sentence denotes The ratio of RNase L isoforms (37 kDa/83 kDa) of 0.4 used as a cut-off, allowed discrimination of CB patients from controls with high sensitivity (88.9%), specificity (85.7%), a positive prognostic value (88.9%) and a negative prognostic value (85.7%).
T302 178426-178584 Sentence denotes The mean amount of the ratio of RNase L isoforms (37 kDa/83 kDa) in chronic brucellosis patients (0.84) was higher than in healthy subjects (0.22) (P < 0.05).
T303 178585-178730 Sentence denotes The chronic brucellosis patients are more likely to show a higher ratio of the two isoforms of RNAse L (37 kDa/83 kDa) than the healthy subjects.
T304 178731-178825 Sentence denotes A high 37 kDa/83 kDa ratio of the RNase L could distinguish CB patients from healthy subjects.
T305 178826-178837 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T306 178838-178977 Sentence denotes Recent publications suggest that 20−30% of surgical site infections are caused by S. aureus, and half of these arise from endogenous flora.
T307 178978-179098 Sentence denotes This study evaluates rapid molecular identification of S. aureus nasal carriage from patients undergoing urgent surgery.
T308 179099-179172 Sentence denotes The study was carried out in Tel-Aviv Medical Center from 9.5-30.11.2010.
T309 179173-179292 Sentence denotes Patients were selected from different surgical wards: neurosurgery, thoracic, orthopedic, vascular and plastic surgery.
T310 179293-179593 Sentence denotes Nasal swabs from the patients were collected using a double swab; one swab was used for molecular testing on GeneXpert (Xpert MRSA/SA Nasal Assay − Cepheid) and the other was used for confirmatory culture on solid (chromagar MRSA II and 5% sheep blood) and liquid medium (brain heart Infusion broth).
T311 179594-179602 Sentence denotes Results:
T312 179603-179629 Sentence denotes 174 patients were sampled.
T313 179630-179707 Sentence denotes 54 patients (31%) were found to be cariers of S. aureus by molecular testing:
T314 179708-179737 Sentence denotes 49 (28%) MSSA, 5 (2.9%) MRSA.
T315 179738-179943 Sentence denotes Compared to routine culture the sensitivity and specificity of the molecular testing were 94% and 95% respectively; the positive predictive value (ppv) and negative predictive value (npv) were 89% and 98%.
T316 179944-180005 Sentence denotes 13 patients had invalid results on initial molecular testing.
T317 180006-180106 Sentence denotes On repeated molecular testing (with the swab used initially for culture) only 3 had invalid results.
T318 180107-180212 Sentence denotes Xpert MRSA/SA Nasal Assay is capable of rapid and accurate detection of MSSA and MRSA nasal colonization.
T319 180213-180275 Sentence denotes Further studies are needed in order to reduce invalid results.
T320 180276-180341 Sentence denotes The CSF sample was negative for both serology and the PCRQ assay.
T321 180342-180521 Sentence denotes Three months after completion of the treatment, the patient resumed it for 6 months, because he considered that his clinical improvement was associated with antimicrobial therapy.
T322 180522-180609 Sentence denotes During the second treatment period 10 samples (5 blood, 5 serum) were analyzed by PCRQ.
T323 180610-180664 Sentence denotes Only one serum sample was positive with 1125copies/ml.
T324 180665-180693 Sentence denotes Blood samples were negative.
T325 180694-180811 Sentence denotes In the last year post-treatment follow-up, we analyzed 12 samples (6 blood, 6 serum) which were all negative by PCRQ.
T326 180812-180916 Sentence denotes Conventional serology showed no detectable antibody titers and Brucellacapt test showed a titer of 1/40.
T327 180917-181064 Sentence denotes Nowadays, the patient remains with severe loss of strength in his left hand and right foot and continues receving doses of intravenous IgG monthly.
T328 181065-181076 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T329 181077-181224 Sentence denotes This may be the first report of CB with MMN as neurological complication described, thanks to the high sensitivity and specificity of a PCRQ assay.
T330 181225-181238 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T331 181239-181328 Sentence denotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium that has high antibiotic resistance.
T332 181329-181463 Sentence denotes Immunoprophylaxy and immunotherapy may be considered as desirable ways for control and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
T333 181464-181501 Sentence denotes Flagellin is a main virulence factor.
T334 181502-181594 Sentence denotes There is high homology and cross reaction among flagellin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.
T335 181595-181672 Sentence denotes N-terminal domain of flagellin plays an important role in attachment to TLR5.
T336 181673-181756 Sentence denotes It also may play an important role in the induction of protective immune responses.
T337 181757-181818 Sentence denotes This study was aimed to produce rN-terminal flagellin(1−161).
T338 181819-181919 Sentence denotes In future, its immunological effect would be evaluated on animal and compared with native flagellin.
T339 181920-181942 Sentence denotes Materials and Methods:
T340 181943-182069 Sentence denotes The coding sequence of flagellin N-terminal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8821M was isolated by PCR and cloned into pET28a vector.
T341 182070-182127 Sentence denotes E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain was used as an expression host.
T342 182128-182187 Sentence denotes The recombinant protein was purified by Ni-Sepharose resin.
T343 182188-182203 Sentence denotes The Objectives:
T344 182204-182320 Sentence denotes Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are important and common causes of community-acquired pneumoniae.
T345 182321-182431 Sentence denotes The highest incidence of C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae infections is among schoolchildren 5 to 14 years old.
T346 182432-182630 Sentence denotes Symptoms may be mild, nonproductive persistent cough, malaise, and fever, but more severe illness occurs when the lower respiratory tracts is affected, given rise to acute bronchitis and pneumoniae.
T347 182631-182799 Sentence denotes The agents causing respiratory infections are difficult to distinguish clinically, since many bacterial and viral infection share clinical features, including symptoms.
T348 182800-182936 Sentence denotes It is therefore important to find a sensitive and effective way to identify these agents and propose the appropriate antibiotic therapy.
T349 182937-183069 Sentence denotes Currently culture and serological confirmation of the diagnosis of C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae are difficult and time-consuming.
T350 183070-183154 Sentence denotes Real time PCR, sensitive specific and rapid technology, is an effective alternative.
T351 183155-183254 Sentence denotes We propose a new real-time PCR based diagnsotic tool for C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae diagnosis.
T352 183255-183263 Sentence denotes Methods:
T353 183264-183402 Sentence denotes Nucleic acids were extracted from nasopharyngeal specimens by using easyMag (bioMérieux) or MagNA Pure Compact (Roche) extraction systems.
T354 183403-183502 Sentence denotes Purified nucleic acids were added to the ready-touse Chla/Myco pneumo r-gene™ amplification premix.
T355 183503-183587 Sentence denotes C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae were distinguished in a duplex single reaction tube.
T356 183588-183672 Sentence denotes Amplification was performed on ABI7500 Fast, Bio-Rad CFX96 or Roche LC480 platforms.
T357 183673-183681 Sentence denotes Results:
T358 183682-183812 Sentence denotes On QCMD European Proficiency Panel 2010, the 12 positive/negative samples were correctly identified with Chla/Myco pneumo r-gene™.
T359 183813-183938 Sentence denotes All positives were detected, including weak positives (0,049IFU/100 mL for C. pneumoniae and 50CCU/100 mL for M. pneumoniae).
T360 183939-184050 Sentence denotes Analytical Sensitivity study on C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae samples was performed in respiratory specimens.
T361 184051-184137 Sentence denotes Specificity study showed no cross reaction with other respiratory bacteria or viruses.
T362 184138-184343 Sentence denotes The high quality associated with its compatibility with the major extraction and real time PCR platforms allows an immediate integration of Chla/Myco pneumo r-gene™ in most routine diagnostic laboratories.
T363 184344-184346 Sentence denotes G.
T364 184347-184358 Sentence denotes Vrioni*, I.
T365 184359-184369 Sentence denotes Daniil, V.
T366 184370-184380 Sentence denotes Mamali, M.
T367 184381-184392 Sentence denotes Kimouli, D.
T368 184393-184415 Sentence denotes Mylona-Petropoulou, K.
T369 184416-184436 Sentence denotes Themeli-Digalaki, A.
T370 184437-184448 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T371 184449-184556 Sentence denotes Sepsis is a serious medical condition that requires rapidly administered, appropriate antibiotic treatment.
T372 184557-184670 Sentence denotes The rapid detection of pathogens in blood is critical for a favourable outcome of patients with suspected sepsis.
T373 184671-184878 Sentence denotes Although blood culture (BC) is considered the criterion standard for diagnosis of bloodstream infection, it take three or more days for final pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
T374 184879-185033 Sentence denotes In this observational study, the clinical impact of a commercially available multiplex PCR system in ICU patients with suspected sepsis was been analysed.
T375 185034-185042 Sentence denotes Methods:
T376 185043-185357 Sentence denotes Blood samples from patients with presumed sepsis were cultured with the Bactec 9240 system (Becton Dickinson, Heidelberg, Germany) and blood in EDTA from the same patients subjected to analysis with the LightCycler SeptiFast M(grade) Test (LC-SF; Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) at two tertiary care centres.
T377 185358-185567 Sentence denotes LC-SF test is a multiplex, real-time PCR system allowing detection of 16 pathogens at the species level and four groups of pathogens at the genus level (Gram-positive, Gram-negative and fungal microorganisms).
T378 185568-185681 Sentence denotes For samples with PCR-detected pathogens, the actual impact on clinical management was determined by chart review.
T379 185682-185789 Sentence denotes Furthermore a comparison between the time to a positive blood culture result and the LC-SF result was made.
T380 185790-185798 Sentence denotes Results:
T381 185799-185894 Sentence denotes From 33 patients, 24 (73%) yielded concordant negative and 7 (21%) concordant positive results.
T382 185895-186144 Sentence denotes In one patient two more pathogens were detected with molecular method (E. coli in blood cultures vs E. coli/S. maltophilia/C. albicans in LC-SF assay) and one patient was LC-SF positive only (negative blood cultures vs P. aeruginosa in LC-SF assay).
T383 186145-186238 Sentence denotes LC-SF results were obtained in 7−15 h, in contrast to the 24−72 h required for blood culture.
T384 186239-186357 Sentence denotes According to the LC-SF results, initial therapy was inadequate in five patients, and antibiotic treatment was changed.
T385 186358-186369 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T386 186370-186665 Sentence denotes This rapid, multiplex pathogen detection LC-SF system complemented traditional culture-based methods and offered some added diagnostic value for the timely detection of causative pathogens having a relevant impact on clinical management for a subset of patients with clinically suspected sepsis.
T387 186666-186668 Sentence denotes N.
T388 186669-186682 Sentence denotes Brankova*, V.
T389 186683-186696 Sentence denotes Levterova, S.
T390 186697-186710 Sentence denotes Panaiotov, K.
T391 186711-186722 Sentence denotes Tankova, T.
T392 186723-186883 Sentence denotes Kantardjiev (Sofia, BG) Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough is endemic in Bulgaria despite extensive nationwide vaccination since 1950s.
T393 186884-186895 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T394 186896-187061 Sentence denotes Goal of this study was to investigate the incidence of pertussis infection among children and adults in the capital city of Sofia, Bulgaria for a seven years period.
T395 187062-187070 Sentence denotes Methods:
T396 187071-187190 Sentence denotes Since seven years the National reference laboratory in molecular microbiology started molecular diagnosis of pertussis.
T397 187191-187245 Sentence denotes As target PCR marker we selected pertussis toxin gene.
T398 187246-187301 Sentence denotes 162 bp amplified fragment was detected on agarose gels.
T399 187302-187379 Sentence denotes DNA was extracted from nasopharyngeal swab samples by automated robot system.
T400 187380-187418 Sentence denotes A total of 2227 samples were analyzed.
T401 187419-187490 Sentence denotes Samples from patients clinically suspected for pertussis were analyzed.
T402 187491-187499 Sentence denotes Results:
T403 187500-187559 Sentence denotes A total of 2227 samples were analyzed for pertussis by PCR.
T404 187560-187627 Sentence denotes Of these 496 samples were positive and 1731 negative for pertussis.
T405 187628-187661 Sentence denotes Positive samples represent 22.3%.
T406 187662-187722 Sentence denotes The capital city of Sofia has about 1.3 million inhabitants.
T407 187723-187815 Sentence denotes The incidence of pertussis illness is estimated to be 38.1 patients per 100.000 inhabitants.
T408 187816-187828 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T409 187829-187879 Sentence denotes Children in Sofia have high immunization coverage.
T410 187880-187930 Sentence denotes Acellular vaccination is applied since April 2010.
T411 187931-187977 Sentence denotes Whole cellular vaccine was previously applied.
T412 187978-188046 Sentence denotes Highest prevalence of pertussis incidence is in group age 0−3 years.
T413 188047-188169 Sentence denotes In 167 GDH positive and culture positive stool specimens C. difficile was confirmed in 161 cases by PCR (sensitivity 96%).
T414 188170-188237 Sentence denotes Eight GDH positive stool specimens remained negative when cultured.
T415 188238-188379 Sentence denotes 152 samples were congruent positive by PCR and tox EIA (culture + direct testing), 17 were congruent negative and 4 only positive by the EIA.
T416 188380-188471 Sentence denotes Two samples were excluded (sensitivity toxin-PCR 97%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 81%).
T417 188472-188575 Sentence denotes The GenoType ® Cdiff assay was able to identify ribotype O27 in 9 specimens and in 2 specimens 078/126.
T418 188576-188728 Sentence denotes The GenoType ® Cdiff assay for the direct detection of Clostridium difficile and major ribotypes from stool shows rapid, sensitive and specific results.
T419 188729-188766 Sentence denotes The DNA isolation is fully automated.
T420 188767-188915 Sentence denotes The turnaround time (including hands on time) is approximately 1.5 hours for DNA isolation, 2 hours for amplification and 2 hours for hybridization.
T421 188916-189061 Sentence denotes The assay provides more information (ribotypes, toxins, binary toxins and Moxifloxacin resistance) as any presently available commercial CD test.
T422 189062-189073 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T423 189074-189214 Sentence denotes Implementation of rapid molecular diagnostics in bloodstream infections could significantly improve speed of diagnosis, and thereby outcome.
T424 189215-189332 Sentence denotes Current molecular tests directly on whole blood samples have suboptimal sensitivity, due to the use of small volumes.
T425 189333-189387 Sentence denotes Larger volumes show an inhibitory effect of human DNA.
T426 189388-189511 Sentence denotes The Sepsitest™-assay (Molzym, Germany) incorporates a pre-test enrichment method, which selectively eliminates human cells.
T427 189512-189595 Sentence denotes This may lead to an increase in input volume and subsequent diagnostic sensitivity.
T428 189596-189680 Sentence denotes We investigated the use of this assay in a cohort of patient with sepsis on the ICU.
T429 189681-189767 Sentence denotes We analysed 55 septicaemic patients on the ICU in whom blood cultures (BC) were taken.
T430 189768-189914 Sentence denotes Together with the BC (n = 90), an additional blood sample (EDTA) was taken from the same sample site, for analysis with the Sepsitest™-assay (ST).
T431 189915-190134 Sentence denotes The assay consists of a pre-test-enrichment on 1 ml EDTA-sample, followed by bacterial lysis and DNA-isolation, and subsequent amplification using 16Sbased universal primers for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
T432 190135-190192 Sentence denotes Amplicons are detected by agar-based gel-electrophoresis.
T433 190193-190371 Sentence denotes In accordance with instructions of the manufacturer, EDTA-samples were analysed in duplicate, and a sample was considered positive if at least one of the duplicates was positive.
T434 190372-190380 Sentence denotes Results:
T435 190381-190501 Sentence denotes Of the 90 BC, 5 (6%) yielded positive results; S. aureus (n = 1), E. faecalis (n = 3), and CNS with E. faecalis (n = 1).
T436 190502-190557 Sentence denotes Bacteraemia was diagnosed in 3/50 (6%) of the patients.
T437 190558-190604 Sentence denotes ST was positive in 11/90 (12%) of the samples.
T438 190605-190659 Sentence denotes Compared to BC, sensitivity was 80% (4/5 positive BC).
T439 190660-190726 Sentence denotes In total 2/3 patients (66%) with positive BC was positive with ST.
T440 190727-190774 Sentence denotes Seven patients had positive ST and negative BC.
T441 190775-190986 Sentence denotes In all of these patients, the clinical suspicion of bacterial infection was high, and 3 of them showed positive BC during septicemia, but at another time point when no EDTA-samples had been taken for this study.
T442 190987-191068 Sentence denotes These results might therefore represent additional yield of the Sepsitest™-assay.
T443 191069-191198 Sentence denotes Sequencing of amplicons is currently being performed, to provide species-specific results and control for false-positive results.
T444 191199-191542 Sentence denotes -The Sepsitest™-assay can be used in clinical practice for molecular analysis directly on blood samples. -Implementation of the assay may provide additional detection of bacteraemic patients, but results have to be evaluated with sequence results. -Gel-based analysis is applicable, but may be troublesome to implement in the routine workflow.
T445 191543-191569 Sentence denotes Background and Objectives:
T446 191570-191678 Sentence denotes Respiratory Infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries.
T447 191679-191852 Sentence denotes Influenza A and B (Flu A&B), RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae, spreads in regular epidemics resulting in the deaths of more than 250,000 people worldwide annually.
T448 191853-191963 Sentence denotes Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a negative single-stranded RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae.
T449 191964-192073 Sentence denotes RSV is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection and hospital visits during infancy and childhood.
T450 192074-192275 Sentence denotes Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a negative single-stranded RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, and may be the second most common cause (after RSV) of lower respiratory infection in young children.
T451 192276-192492 Sentence denotes Utilizing proprietary chemistries and processes, we have developed novel, room temperature stable reagents for use in our AmpliVue Taqman ® -based, multiplexed, rt-PCR assays for the detection of Flu A&B or hMPV/RSV.
T452 192493-192654 Sentence denotes As an added benefit, the AmpliVue™ assays provide a simplified workflow, significantly reducing the number of end-user manipulations required to perform testing.
T453 192655-192780 Sentence denotes These attributes allow for more widespread and reliable use of molecular diagnostics in the detection of respiratory viruses.
T454 192781-192934 Sentence denotes In this report, we describe the initial studies performed with these reagents on both the Applied Biosystems ® 7500 FastDx and the Cepheid ® SmartCycler.
T455 192935-192955 Sentence denotes Methods and Results:
T456 192956-193068 Sentence denotes Testing was performed on cultured isolates or clinical specimens to establish initial performance of the assays.
T457 193069-193211 Sentence denotes RNA was extracted on either a NucliSENS ® easyMag ® or Roche MagNA Pure Compact and 5 ul of each sample was added to reconstituted master mix.
T458 193212-193296 Sentence denotes Each cultured influenza A and B isolate was detected; 19/19 and 14/14, respectively.
T459 193297-193434 Sentence denotes Clinical specimens analyzed for the presence of either RSV A, RSV B or hMPV were able to detect 10/10 RSV A, 13/13 RSV B, and 26/26 hMPV.
T460 193435-193482 Sentence denotes Specificity was 100% for all samples evaluated.
T461 193483-193625 Sentence denotes Initial analytical sensitivity tests for the various viruses indicated detection limits less than 50 TCID50/ml and/or 10vp/mL for each target.
T462 193626-193778 Sentence denotes Testing with isolates of other common viruses and bacteria confirmed that these reagents are not cross reactive with other common respiratory pathogens.
T463 193779-194294 Sentence denotes Results from these studies indicate that our room temperature stable reagents, coupled with the simplified workflow for our AmpliVue molecular assays, provides end-users with sensitive and specific assays for the detection of Flu A&B and hMPV/RSV. and adults (n = 122), immunocompetent (n = 40) and immunosupressed (n = 98), hospitalized with clinical suspicion of CMV infection, in the University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece, were screened for CMV-IgM antibody (AxSYM, Abbott) and CMV-DNA (COBAS AMPLICOR, Roche).
T464 194295-194346 Sentence denotes Viral load and clinical data was also investigated.
T1 194347-194428 Sentence denotes The confirmation of CMV infection by the two methods was obtained in 14 patients.
T2 194429-194506 Sentence denotes One hundred four patients were positive for CMV-IgM and negative for CMV-DNA.
T3 194507-194573 Sentence denotes Antibodies for HSV, VZV or EBV were also detected in some of them.
T4 194574-194686 Sentence denotes By performing PCR, 20 extra cases of active infection were diagnosed, for which no antibodies could be detected.
T5 194687-194806 Sentence denotes This translates to a 15% rise in the number of diagnoses of active CMV infection as compared with serological approach.
T6 194807-194867 Sentence denotes The CMV-DNA positive patients were 6 children and 28 adults.
T7 194868-194937 Sentence denotes The major underlying disease was haematological malignancies (14/34).
T8 194938-195000 Sentence denotes Pneumonitis was the most common clinical presentation (20/34).
T9 195001-195129 Sentence denotes Overall, the median viral load was 2255 copies/ml (472-58700), while in them with CMV mononucleosis was 583 copies/ml (472-874).
T10 195130-195205 Sentence denotes The overall mortality rate was 12% and major cause was respiratory failure.
T11 195206-195268 Sentence denotes Eighteen of the 34 PCR positive patients received ganciclovir.
T12 195269-195327 Sentence denotes Treatment led to a marked decrease in CMV DNA copy number.
T13 195328-195444 Sentence denotes The median time interval necessary to obtain a negative result after implementation of treatment by PCR was 27 days.
T14 195445-195456 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T15 195457-195781 Sentence denotes Quantative PCR CMV assay is rapid, and linear for quantifying CMV viral load, and it seems to be useful in the diagnosis and management of affected patients for predicting disease and monitoring response to antiviral therapy and can serve as surrogate markers for antiviral resistance and clinical relapse in these patients.
T16 195782-195994 Sentence denotes Compared with traditional serologic assays that detect antibodies to CMV, Q-PCR offers a significant advance through the direct detection of viral DNA, which is independent of a functioning humoral immune system.
T17 195995-196199 Sentence denotes Amplified DNA Assays were designed to be compatible with transport via the Swab Diluent for the BD ProbeTec CT/GC Q x Amplified DNA Assays (Q x Swab Diluent) and BD UVT or Copan UTM-RT collection devices.
T18 196200-196363 Sentence denotes This study focused on evaluating performance of the HSV assays using simulated specimen comprising 0.5mL BD UVT medium added to a pre-filled Q x Swab Diluent Tube.
T19 196364-196476 Sentence denotes Samples were pre-warmed, and then loaded directly onto the BD Viper System for DNA extraction and amplification.
T20 196477-196676 Sentence denotes The analytical limits of detection (95% proportion positive) for the HSV1 Q x and HSV2 Q x assays using clean BD UVT medium were estimated to be 24 viral particles (vp)/mL and 88 vp/mL, respectively.
T21 196677-196861 Sentence denotes The limits of detection for the assays in the presence of external anogenital swab specimen matrix were estimated to be 17 vp/mL and 127 vp/mL for HSV1 Q x and HSV2 Q x , respectively.
T22 196862-197126 Sentence denotes Both assays were shown to be tolerant to common exogenous and endogenous substances that may be present in external anogenital lesion specimens, including but not limited to blood, mucus, semen, leukocytes and various prescription and over-the-counter medications.
T23 197127-197288 Sentence denotes In addition, both assays were found not to cross-react with a variety of bacteria, viruses and fungi that could be found in external anogenital lesion specimens.
T24 197289-197499 Sentence denotes Stability of HSV DNA in simulated external anogenital swab specimens was demonstrated at ambient, refrigerated and frozen temperatures in both the original UVT specimen and once diluted in the Q x Swab Diluent.
T25 197500-197737 Sentence denotes The BD ProbeTec Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV1 & 2) Q x Amplified DNA Assays* offer excellent analytical sensitivity and robust performance for the detection of HSV1 and HSV2 DNA from external anogenital swabs expressed into BD UVT medium.
T26 197738-197957 Sentence denotes The BD Viper System software allows the user to test both CT/GC specimens and HSV1/HSV2 specimens within the same Viper run, providing workflow flexibility. *Product not for sale, for investigational use only in the US.
T27 197958-198085 Sentence denotes Background: HCV genotyping is used to predict the response to antiviral therapy and also to optimize the duration of treatment.
T28 198086-198174 Sentence denotes The 5-untranslated region (5-UTR) is the region of choice for routine genotyping of HCV.
T29 198175-198350 Sentence denotes However, due to its high level of conservation, the 5-UTR is limited in its ability to discriminate genotype 6 from genotype 1 and subtypes within genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6.
T30 198351-198583 Sentence denotes The newly developed Versant HCV genotype assay (LiPA) 2.0 (Versant 2.0) uses sequence information from both the 5-UTR and the core region, allowing distinction between HCV genotype 1 and 6 and between subtypes a and b of genotype 1.
T31 198584-198688 Sentence denotes Previously, Versant HCV genotype assay (LiPA) 1.0 (Versant 1.0) only used sequence information of 5-UTR.
T32 198689-198757 Sentence denotes In this study, the results of both genotyping assays were evaluated.
T33 198758-198766 Sentence denotes Methods:
T34 198767-198899 Sentence denotes A total of 556 HCV-positive samples (EDTA plasma) were genotyped using the Versant 2.0 according to the manufacturer's instructions.
T35 198900-198947 Sentence denotes For the comparison study, Versant 1.0 was used.
T36 198948-199017 Sentence denotes HCV RNA was extracted by using the NucliSENS ® easyMAG™ (BioMèrieux).
T37 199018-199087 Sentence denotes In each extraction run, positive and negative controls were included.
T38 199088-199157 Sentence denotes Only interpretable results by both assays were included in the study.
T39 199158-199252 Sentence denotes Only differences found at the genotype 1 and subtypes 1a and 1b level were taken into account.
T40 199253-199305 Sentence denotes The Versant 2.0 was considered the reference method.
T41 199306-199314 Sentence denotes Results:
T42 199315-199409 Sentence denotes Table 1 gives an overview of the results of the comparison study after testing by both assays.
T43 199410-199465 Sentence denotes The correlation rate of both tests was 85.8% (477/556).
T44 199466-199629 Sentence denotes Results from 79 specimens (16.2%) were discordant between the two assays, being the genotype 1a the most difficult to discriminate by the Versant 1.0 (40 samples).
T45 199630-199641 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T46 199642-199725 Sentence denotes Versant 2.0 showed an improvement in identifying the correct subtype of genotype 1.
T47 199726-199840 Sentence denotes This improvement can be attributed to the additional information available from the core region of the HCV genome.
T48 199841-200069 Sentence denotes As the clinical management of patients infected by genotype 1a and 1b is equal, disagreements among both tests may present epidemiological consequences but at least Versant 1.0 errors do not affect treatment dosage and duration.
T49 200071-200280 Sentence denotes The high prevalence observed in women aged 14−17 years is probably due to both the increased susceptibility of this population and an early sexual debut, major risk factor for the acquisition of HPV infection.
T50 200281-200386 Sentence denotes A characteristic ascending age-specific curve of infection prevalence was observed in the other 3 groups.
T51 200387-200488 Sentence denotes These data support the existence of an inverse relationship between age and HPV infection prevalence.
T52 200489-200592 Sentence denotes In addition, vaccination of this whole population would have prevented about 6% of occurred infections.
T53 200593-200603 Sentence denotes Objective:
T54 200604-200760 Sentence denotes The recent introduction of vaccination against HPV in adolescent girls in Italy has focused the attention on the virological surveillance in this age group.
T55 200761-200968 Sentence denotes Since HPV is one of the major pathogen sexually transmitted worldwide, it will be important to extend the surveillance also to the adolescent males, who could be the next target of the immunization strategy.
T56 200969-201067 Sentence denotes This study aimed at evaluating the HPV infection prevalence in adolescents both females and males.
T57 201068-201237 Sentence denotes On purpose, a molecular assay based on urine samples, easy to collect and acceptable for this young individuals, was applied for the detection and genotyping of HPV-DNA.
T58 201238-201260 Sentence denotes Materials and Methods:
T59 201261-201485 Sentence denotes 545 urine samples were collected from adolescents (14−17 years) attending community clinics, youth centres of the local sanitary units or day clinics in Northern Italy in the period spanning from September 2009 to July 2010.
T60 201486-201579 Sentence denotes Analysed subjects were 233 females (mean age 15.3 years) and 312 males (mean age 15.4 years).
T61 201580-201648 Sentence denotes Samples were centrifuged at 3500xg for 20 to obtain the cell pellet.
T62 201649-201837 Sentence denotes DNA extraction was carried out using a commercial kit (NucliSENS ® miniMAG ® , BioMérieux, France) and the amplification of a L1 gene fragment (450bp) was performed by degenerated primers.
T63 201838-202012 Sentence denotes Genotyping was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism technique using 3 restriction enzymes (RsaI, HaeIII, DdeI, Recombinant Enzyme, BioLabs Inc, New England).
T64 202013-202078 Sentence denotes Results: HPV-DNA was detected in 2% (11/545) of analysed samples.
T65 202079-202198 Sentence denotes In particular, in 3.9% (9/233) and in 0.6% (2/312) of samples collected from female and male adolescents, respectively.
T66 202199-202367 Sentence denotes Both high and lowrisk genotypes were identified: high-risk HPV-16 (11.1%) and HPV-66 (11.1%), low-risk HPV-70 (33.3%), HPV-6 (22.2%), HPV-11 (22.2%) and HPV-87 (11.1%).
T67 202368-202486 Sentence denotes Among female adolescents, 8 infections were due to a single genotype and 1 was sustained by HPV-16/HPV-70 coinfection.
T68 202487-202554 Sentence denotes The two infections found in male subjects were sustained by HPV-70.
T69 202555-202567 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T70 202568-202684 Sentence denotes These data show that HPV infection is present in 14−17 years old subjects, more frequently in females than in males.
T71 202685-202891 Sentence denotes These infections were supported both by high-and/or low-risk genotypes and, among these, 45% (5/11) could now be preventable by the available vaccines that include one or two types found (HPV-6 and HPV-16).
T72 202892-203026 Sentence denotes Molecular testing on urine sample seems to be a good alternative to those conducted on cervical swab, especially for very young women.
T73 203027-203099 Sentence denotes Finally, this method seems to be applicable also to the male population.
T74 203100-203289 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was the evaluation of the often underestimated potential role of herpes viruses in the onset or inauspicious evolution of respiratory pathologies in critical patients.
T75 203290-203470 Sentence denotes We analyzed 158 bronchoalveolar washes from patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory pathologies at the intensive care units of some hospitals in Catania, Sicily, Italy.
T76 203471-203757 Sentence denotes For the retrospective study we used viral isolation methods and Real-Time PCR, respectively, for viral replication activity and the clinical significance expressed in terms of viral load, correlated with the days the patients were on assisted ventilation until the time of the analysis.
T77 203758-203898 Sentence denotes In 57.6% (91/158) of the samples DNA was found of at least one, though often two or more, of the herpes viruses (HSV1, VZV, CMV, EBV, HHV7).
T78 203899-203913 Sentence denotes In particular:
T79 203914-204030 Sentence denotes 19% (30/158) were HSV1, 10.7% (17/158) CMV, 16% EBV (26/158) and 46% (68/158) HHV7; there was no positivity for VZV.
T80 204031-204264 Sentence denotes Based on the data relative to the finding of viral nucleic acid and the duration of mechanical ventilation, a statistically significant association was found only for HSV1 DNA with assisted ventilation of more than 7 days (p < 0.05).
T81 204265-204458 Sentence denotes The increase of the viral load, in some cases, was directly proportional to the days on assisted ventilation reaching a value of 108 gEq/ml for HSV1, compared to 102-104 gEq/ml for CMV and EBV.
T82 204459-204698 Sentence denotes The prevalence of herpes viruses, and above all the finding of HSV1, accompanied by a substantial viral load, would confirm the importance that these viruses could have in the onset of respiratory pathologies in immunocompromised subjects.
T83 204699-204994 Sentence denotes Therefore, the introduction of tests for the detection of the above mentioned viruses in diagnostic protocols would favor early diagnosis and correct therapy that could reduce the rate of mortality in critical long-term patients affected by respiratory pathologies who need assisted ventilation.
T84 204995-205006 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T85 205007-205109 Sentence denotes Acute children respiratory infections (ACRI) are a common reason for consulting general practitioners.
T86 205110-205196 Sentence denotes In most cases the aetiology is unknown, yet most result in an antibiotic prescription.
T87 205197-205537 Sentence denotes The objective was to study the epidemiology of respiratory virus infections and in particular to determine the virus-specific positivity rates and seasonality in pediatric age for respiratory virus infections over a 15 month period in Pordenone (ITALY), using a multiplex real-time PCR assay to detect multiple viruses in the same reaction.
T88 205538-205546 Sentence denotes Methods:
T89 205547-205697 Sentence denotes A total of 195 nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from symptomatic pediatric inpatients (average 3 years) between November 2008 and January 2010.
T90 205698-205865 Sentence denotes Each specimen was split into two aliquots, one aliquot was processed by using multiplex real-time PCR test and the second was tested for adenovirus using a nested PCR.
T91 205866-205928 Sentence denotes Total nucleic acid was extracted using the BioMerieux easyMAG.
T92 205929-206195 Sentence denotes Multiplex real-time PCR test was performed using Dia-ResRNAVir-050 (DIAGENODE) for detection of Influenza A virus (IA) and Influenza B virus (IB), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Metapneumovirus (MPV), Rhinovirus (RVs) and Parainfluenza virus (PIV) 1, 2, 3 and 4.
T93 206196-206244 Sentence denotes Adenovirus was detected by nested PCR (NANOGEN).
T94 206245-206253 Sentence denotes Results:
T95 206254-206355 Sentence denotes Of the 195 specimens tested, 158 (81.02%) were positive for at least one respiratory virus including:
T96 206356-206513 Sentence denotes 64 (32,8%) RSV (A or B), 34 (21,4%) Rhinovirus, 23 (11,8%) Flu A or B, 15 (7.8%) Parainfluenza (1−4), 11 (5,6%) Adenovirus and 11/185 (5,9%) Metapneumovirus.
T97 206514-206565 Sentence denotes Most pediatric patients (86,6%) was pre-school age.
T98 206566-206638 Sentence denotes All patients RSV and MPV (38,5%) positive were less than 4 years of age.
T99 206639-206749 Sentence denotes We have seen a dual respiratory virus infection in 11/195 (5,6%) patients and only one triple virus infection.
T100 206750-206836 Sentence denotes In terms of seasonal distribution, RVs were distributed across the majority of months.
T101 206837-206889 Sentence denotes RSV peaks were between December 2008 and March 2009.
T102 206890-207045 Sentence denotes IA infections were distributed from January and February 2009, with another "atypical" peak between October and December 2009, including Influenza A/H1N1v.
T103 207046-207092 Sentence denotes IB showed a peach activity in March and April.
T104 207093-207139 Sentence denotes PIVs peaked in November 2008 and October 2009.
T105 207140-207195 Sentence denotes MPV peaked between the end of winter and spring months.
T106 207196-207263 Sentence denotes Adenovirus infections were distributed in winter and spring months.
T107 207264-207275 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T108 207276-207555 Sentence denotes The molecular assay has increased our understanding of the epidemiology of respiratory viral infections and should assist us in the diagnosing the etiology of respiratory tract infections in individual and in outbreak situation. (3,3%) and the remaining 37 were negative (40.7%).
T109 207556-207611 Sentence denotes All the samples were negative for H3N2 and influenza B.
T110 207612-207694 Sentence denotes Overall, 54 out of 91 samples (59,3%) were positive for any of the viruses tested.
T111 207695-207794 Sentence denotes In addition, two different patients were coinfected by A flu -rhinovirus and enterovirusrhinovirus.
T112 207795-207863 Sentence denotes These coinfections represented 3,7% of the overall positive samples.
T113 207864-208126 Sentence denotes The average age and range of the infected patients were as follows: for H1N1, 33 years (SD±20.1) and 0−76 years, respectively; for rhinovirus, 28 years (SD±23.7) and 0−69 years respectively; and for enterovirus, 25.7 years (SD±22.4) and 0−42 years, respectively.
T114 208127-208139 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T115 208140-208244 Sentence denotes Our results showed the involvement of other respiratory viruses in patients with influenza-like illness.
T116 208245-208402 Sentence denotes Thus, a notable proportion of rhinovirus infection was found in a collection of patients diagnosed with influenza during the peak incidence of H1N1 pandemic.
T117 208403-208506 Sentence denotes These data would suggest a potential indication for rhinovirus detection in acute respiratory diseases.
T118 208507-208636 Sentence denotes Regarding age and gender distribution of the infected patients, no significant differences were found for all the viruses tested.
T119 208637-208645 Sentence denotes Results:
T120 208646-208791 Sentence denotes Eight (n = 8) of the women were excluded from the study because of the incomplete data and a total of 152 women were used for the final analysis.
T121 208792-208865 Sentence denotes Forty-five patients (29.6%) were found to be infected with a genital HPV.
T122 208866-209004 Sentence denotes As expected, viral prevalence was higher among women younger than 30 years of age (15.8%) in comparison to those aged 30 or older (13.8%).
T123 209005-209045 Sentence denotes The rate of o HPV types were as follows:
T124 209046-209084 Sentence denotes 16 (37.8%), 18 (8.9%) i other (53.3%).
T125 209085-209135 Sentence denotes Coinfection with multiple HPV types had one woman.
T126 209136-209211 Sentence denotes The largest number of positive samples was from Herzegovina-Neretva Canton.
T127 209212-209223 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T128 209224-209327 Sentence denotes Our results indicated that HPV infections represent a significant public health concern in Herzegovina.
T129 209328-209514 Sentence denotes Detailed knowledge of HPV type circulating patterns in specific local geographical areas is essential for appropriate implementation of screening, prevention, and surveillance campaigns.
T130 209515-209517 Sentence denotes G.
T131 209518-209529 Sentence denotes Gioula*, E.
T132 209530-209546 Sentence denotes Chatzopoulou, M.
T133 209547-209559 Sentence denotes Exindari, A.
T134 209560-209571 Sentence denotes Melidou, D.
T135 209572-209591 Sentence denotes Chatzidimitriou, F.
T136 209592-209608 Sentence denotes Chatzopoulou, N.
T137 209609-209650 Sentence denotes Malisiovas (Thessaloniki, GR) Objectives:
T138 209651-209816 Sentence denotes Influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are the most common pathogens that cause acute respiratory disease in children.
T139 209817-210012 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to present the contribution of the above three pathogens to influenza-like illness (ILI) in children (aged <6 years old) during 2-year (2008-2010) influenza seasons in N.
T140 210013-210020 Sentence denotes Greece.
T141 210021-210043 Sentence denotes Materials and Methods:
T142 210044-210273 Sentence denotes 430 pharyngeal swabs from children younger than 6 years, presented as ILI infections during the last two influenza seasons (2008-2009 and 2009-2010) were examined for influenza A and B, RSV and hMPV, by one step Real-time RT-PCR.
T143 210274-210282 Sentence denotes Results:
T144 210283-210400 Sentence denotes Influenza viruses were detected in 122 (28,3%) of the 430 spesimens, RSV in 45 (10,4%) samples and hMPV in 28 (6,5%).
T145 210401-210567 Sentence denotes RSV and influenza viruses' co-infections were observed in eight cases, RSV and hMPV co-infections in four cases and hMPV with influenza viruses was found in one case.
T146 210568-210636 Sentence denotes The majority of the patients (67,7%) were between 3 and 6 years old.
T147 210637-210648 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T148 210649-210806 Sentence denotes Our results demonstrate that influenza viruses, RSV and hMPV contribute to ILI presenting infections at a rate of 45,2% in children younger than 6 years old.
T149 210807-210817 Sentence denotes Objective:
T150 210818-210974 Sentence denotes To identify Candida species causing candidaemia by analyzing fungal DNA from blood culture bottles positive for yeasts using a low cost-effectiveness assay.
T151 210975-210983 Sentence denotes Methods:
T152 210984-211073 Sentence denotes For DNA extraction an "in house" protocol based on organic solvent extraction was tested.
T153 211074-211195 Sentence denotes Additional steps of liquid nitrogen incubation followed by mechanical disruption were processed for complete cells lysis.
T154 211196-211238 Sentence denotes The purity of extracted DNA was evaluated.
T155 211239-211302 Sentence denotes Fifty blood culture bottles positive for yeasts were processed.
T156 211303-211348 Sentence denotes PCR assays amplified ITS region of rDNA gene.
T157 211349-211500 Sentence denotes The amplicons of twenty samples were sequenced and these sequences were submitted for comparison on Genbank database (NCBI) for species identification.
T158 211501-211589 Sentence denotes Molecular yeast identification was compared to results provided by conventional methods.
T159 211590-211786 Sentence denotes The organic solvent extraction protocol showed good reproducibility on the amount of DNA extracted, pure DNA and high PCR sensitivity (10 pg of C. albicans DNA and 90% amplification on PCR assay).
T160 211787-211861 Sentence denotes Therefore, this method was used to analyze all clinical samples available.
T161 211862-211951 Sentence denotes The molecular species identification showed 100% concordance to the conventional culture.
T162 211952-212127 Sentence denotes However, the molecular method could identify one sample with mixed infection caused by C. albicans and C. glabrata, while the conventional culture identified just C. albicans.
T163 212128-212302 Sentence denotes Moreover, 3 samples identified as C. parapsilosis by the classical method were molecularly identified as C. orthopsilosis, a species belonging to the C. parapsilosis complex.
T164 212303-212315 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T165 212316-212477 Sentence denotes Organic DNA extraction, PCR assay and sequencing could efficiently identify mixed infections, as well as Candida species that only can be molecularly identified.
T166 212478-212633 Sentence denotes This test can be easily implemented in routine laboratories providing earlier and low cost species identification when compared to the traditional methods.
T167 212634-212724 Sentence denotes The organic DNA extraction was 4-fold less expensive than protocols using commercial kits.
T168 212725-212736 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T169 212737-212902 Sentence denotes Clostridium difficile infections represent significant burden for health care system with small and large outbreaks constantly being present in hospital environment.
T170 212903-213010 Sentence denotes Some of the PCR ribotypes were lately associated with outbreaks and with increased mortality and morbidity:
T171 213011-213033 Sentence denotes 027, 078, 017 and 053.
T172 213034-213110 Sentence denotes It is therefore important to recognize these ribotypes as rapid as possible.
T173 213111-213222 Sentence denotes Standard typing method in Europe is culturing of C. difficile from faecal sample and subsequent PCR ribotyping.
T174 213223-213419 Sentence denotes Here we describe for the first time the modification of PCR ribotyping that can be used for direct detection in stool samples and its use during emergence of PCR ribotype 027 in a single hospital.
T175 213420-213428 Sentence denotes Methods:
T176 213429-213581 Sentence denotes For direct PCR ribotyping from stool sample we have modified existing primers described by Bidet et al. (1999) to increase specificity for C. difficile.
T177 213582-213728 Sentence denotes A total of 50 C. difficile culture positive and 43 negative stool samples from the routine laboratory were then used for validation of the method.
T178 213729-213830 Sentence denotes DNA was isolated from faecal sample and PCR ribotyping was performed with Bidet and with new primers.
T179 213831-214066 Sentence denotes Additionally, five stool samples from general hospital, which were detected as "C. difficile positive, presumptive 027/NAP1" by Cepheid Xpert C. difficile assay were submitted to the reference laboratory for ribotype 027 confirmations.
T180 214067-214075 Sentence denotes Results:
T181 214076-214193 Sentence denotes Direct PCR ribtyping from stool samples was possible in 37 out of 50 C. difficile positive samples using new primers.
T182 214194-214292 Sentence denotes Other 13 samples were negative (n = 9) or the banding pattern was too weak to be analyzed (n = 4).
T183 214293-214492 Sentence denotes In 36 out of 37 cases PCR ribotype determined directly from the stool was identical as PCR ribotype of the strain isolated from the same stool sample (sensitivity 0.72−36 out of 50 positive samples).
T184 214493-214605 Sentence denotes All, but one C. difficile culture negative samples were negative on direct PCR ribotyping with modified primers.
T185 214606-214689 Sentence denotes In contrast, 30 out of 43 C. difficile negative samples reacted with Bidet primers.
T186 214690-214877 Sentence denotes All five Cepheid Xpert "C. difficile positive presumptive 027/NAP1" samples were confirmed as ribotype 027 by direct ribotyping as well as conventional ribotyping of the cultured isolate.
T187 214878-215031 Sentence denotes The direct culture-independent PCR ribotyping of C. difficile is a useful and rapid method for detection of emerging strains and outbreak identification.
T188 215032-215040 Sentence denotes Results:
T189 215041-215188 Sentence denotes Eleven studies were identified comparing molecular assays for MRSA over traditional culture and/or chromogenic agars for a total of 22757 patients.
T190 215189-215372 Sentence denotes 4/6 cost-effectiveness studies found that PCR incurs higher costs but better outcomes while 1/6 found multiplex PCR cost effective among 31 methods when length of ICU stay is <2 days.
T191 215373-215406 Sentence denotes 1/6 found PCR not cost effective.
T192 215407-215539 Sentence denotes 3/4 cost-benefit studies found PCR for MRSA cost saving, and 1/4 found PCR not cost saving in an existing search and destroy policy.
T193 215540-215699 Sentence denotes One cost utility analysis reported that PCR leads to important mortality reduction at a low cost/LYS, due to an under the hour change in empirical antibiotics.
T194 215700-215987 Sentence denotes Factors that determine cost effectiveness in various settings are the baseline prevalence rate of MRSA, applying screening and pre-emptive isolation to high-risk patients, the availability and cost of isolation and last but not least, the assay characteristics and individual test costs.
T195 215988-216114 Sentence denotes The use of PCR instead of culture screening for MRSA is found to be cost effective and/or cost-saving particularly in surgery.
T196 216115-216270 Sentence denotes The significant benefits are less isolation, less overall hospital stay, more infections avoided, timely and cheaper treatment choices and lower mortality.
T197 216271-216567 Sentence denotes Although more studies are urgently needed, especially in severe infections diagnosis, infection control teams for MRSA in hospitals can be preliminarily informed about the particulars of the cost effectiveness of molecular assays over traditional techniques according to each hospital's settings.
T198 216568-216579 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T199 216580-216802 Sentence denotes The aim of the study was the evaluation of genomic diversity differences among B. pertussis strains collected from patients before and after the 90-ties in respect to vaccine strains used for production of the DTP vaccine.
T200 216803-216814 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T201 216815-216971 Sentence denotes Legionellosis occurs through inhalation of contaminated aerosols expelled by wet cooling systems or hot water distribution systems of healthcare facilities.
T202 216972-217060 Sentence denotes Despite the prolonged incubation period, culture remains the standard diagnostic method.
T203 217061-217362 Sentence denotes Alternative methods like antigen detection and molecular techniques are expensive, often unavailable and give no information regarding Legionella pneumophila viability, which can be of minor importance in clinical specimens but of major impact in water samples and therefore in public health security.
T204 217363-217533 Sentence denotes Considering its high mortality rate and the need of specific treatment, the development of a rapid, sensitive and specific method for L. pneumophila detection is crucial.
T205 217534-217610 Sentence denotes Also, distinction between viable and non-viable cells in water is warranted.
T206 217611-217757 Sentence denotes Therefore, we propose a flow cytometry protocol for L. pneumophila detection in clinical and water samples and viability evaluation in the latter.
T207 217758-217829 Sentence denotes Methods: L. pneumophila, ATCC33155, was used for protocol optimization.
T208 217830-217955 Sentence denotes Fifty respiratory samples and twenty water samples previously analysed by immunofluorescence were screened by flow cytometry.
T209 217956-218329 Sentence denotes All samples were stained with a specific antibody MONOFLUO™ Anti-L. pneumophila (BioRad, California) (green-530nm), which reacts with an external membrane protein found in all known L. pneumophila serogroups, and with Propidium iodide (red-FL3) to evaluate bacteria viability in positive water samples, where the analysis was made before and after killing bacteria by heat.
T210 218330-218418 Sentence denotes Flow cytometry analysis was performed on FACSCalibur Cytometer (BD Biosciences, Sydney).
T211 218419-218573 Sentence denotes Specificity was studied by mixing L. pneumophila with suspensions of E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans type ATCC strains, according to the same protocol.
T212 218574-218698 Sentence denotes Results: L. pneumophila cells displayed an intense green fluorescence, indicating bacteria recognition by specific antibody.
T213 218699-218778 Sentence denotes Dead cells showed high intensity of fluorescence in both channels, FL1 and FL3.
T214 218779-218899 Sentence denotes A 100% correlation was achieved between immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assay, in both clinical and water samples.
T215 218900-218936 Sentence denotes Viability assessment was successful.
T216 218937-218948 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T217 218949-219079 Sentence denotes Flow cytometry proved to be a sensitive and a specific method to detect L. pneumophila and simultaneously to assess its viability.
T218 219080-219301 Sentence denotes Furthermore, while it has been used in the detection of Legionella in environmental specimens and experimental systems, this is the first time that this technique is applied to detect L. pneumophila in clinical specimens.
T219 219303-219313 Sentence denotes Objective:
T220 219314-219493 Sentence denotes Comparing results of a commercially available selective culture system for isolation of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum with their detection using PCR amplification.
T221 219494-219516 Sentence denotes Materials and Methods:
T222 219517-219772 Sentence denotes Two endo-Cervical swabs have been collected from each case of a cohort of 40 infertile females attending fertility centers for management of infertility (group A), and from a control group of 40 multiparus females attending contraception clinic (group B).
T223 219773-220063 Sentence denotes One swab have been subjected to culture for isolation of urogenital mycoplasmas using a commercially available selective culture system (Bio-Rad, USA) and the other sample was eluted in a buffer for PCR amplification using specific primers for Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
T224 220064-220072 Sentence denotes Results:
T225 220073-220230 Sentence denotes Using PCR, 19 of group A and 9 of group B were positive for Mycoplasma hominis while 12 of group A and 8 of group B were positive for Ureaplasma urealyticum.
T226 220231-220434 Sentence denotes According to Duo kit results, 5 cases of groupA and one of control group B were positive for Mycoplasma hominis while 10 and 8 cases were positive to Ureaplasma urealyticum in group A and B respectively.
T227 220435-220549 Sentence denotes The sensitivity of Duo kit culture system in relation to PCR was found to be 89.47% and the specificity was 90.48.
T228 220550-220561 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T229 220562-220756 Sentence denotes Our study confirm the reliability of Mycoplasma Duo kit culture system for diagnosis of genitourinary colonization of the female genital system with Mycoplasma hominis or Ureaplasma urealyticum.
T230 220757-220806 Sentence denotes Also we report a higher sensitivity than the PCR.
T231 220807-220809 Sentence denotes C.
T232 220810-220831 Sentence denotes Kalunga* (Lusaka, ZM)
T233 220832-220845 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T234 220846-220996 Sentence denotes The NTP has been conducting quality assurance through the reference laboratory for the past four years to determine quality improvement in Tb control.
T235 220997-221183 Sentence denotes Quality improvement is a process by which the components of smear microscopy diagnostic services are analyzed with the aim of looking for ways to permanently remove obstacles to success.
T236 221184-221352 Sentence denotes Direct sputum smear microscopy remains the most cost effective tool for diagnosing patients with infectious tuberculosis and for monitoring their progress on treatment.
T237 221353-221593 Sentence denotes The case detection rate for Zambia is 58% and falls short of the target of detecting 70% of all infectious cases of TB. (15), Eastern (4), Northern (3) Southern (4),UTH (7) Central (0) and Western (5), Luapula (2) North-Western (2) Methods:
T238 221594-221726 Sentence denotes A total of 25 serum samples were included from negative controls, acute Q fever patients, and a serial diluted high positive sample.
T239 221727-221900 Sentence denotes Thirteen laboratories participated: eight from the Dutch Q fever endemic area, two Dutch national laboratories and three reference laboratories from outside The Netherlands.
T240 221901-222001 Sentence denotes Six labs performed CFA, 9 performed IFA, of which three were in-house assays, and 5 performed ELISA.
T241 222002-222169 Sentence denotes Results: IFA, ELISA and CFA values between laboratories using the same methods were within close range and all three methods correctly identified the Q fever patients.
T242 222170-222235 Sentence denotes In house and commercial IFAs were well comparable quantitatively.
T243 222236-222289 Sentence denotes In titres reached some differences could be observed.
T244 222290-222382 Sentence denotes All tests were reasonably specific (92-100%), however the sensitivity showed more variation.
T245 222383-222505 Sentence denotes IFA was the most sensitive test for both phase 1 and 2, with a sensitivity of 100% if IgG and IgM responses were combined.
T246 222506-222604 Sentence denotes For phase 2 antibodies the CFA performed well (100%) but the sensitivity for phase 1 was only 61%.
T247 222605-222772 Sentence denotes The phase 1 IgG ELISA was more sensitive (67%) than phase 1 CFA, while phase 2 IgG and IgM ELISAs were less sensitive than CFA (using the manufacturer's instructions).
T248 222773-222784 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T249 222785-222975 Sentence denotes The higher sensitivity of the IFA was supported in the serial dilution, however these observations were based on a limited number of samples and should be refined using a larger set of sera.
T250 222976-223075 Sentence denotes The IFA appears the method of choice if high sensitivity is required (e.g. early phase of illness).
T251 223076-223146 Sentence denotes ELISAs can be an alternative or for screening of large sample numbers.
T252 223147-223157 Sentence denotes Objective:
T253 223158-223277 Sentence denotes A characteristic feature of glucose oxidizing acinetobacters is their ability to produce a brown pigment in blood agar.
T254 223278-223380 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to evaluate the nature of brown pigment produced by Acinetobacter baumannii.
T255 223381-223389 Sentence denotes Methods:
T256 223390-223578 Sentence denotes Two (A/B) A. baumannii strains were isolated from diabetic patient and identified by blaOXA-51-like PCR and restriction analysis of 16S and 23S r-RNA spacer sequences using AluI and NdeII.
T257 223579-223618 Sentence denotes MICs were estimated by BSAC guidelines.
T258 223619-223690 Sentence denotes Isosensitest (IST)/M9 glucose broth was used for the growth of strains.
T259 223691-223819 Sentence denotes Growth of the strains was monitored over 48 hour period using IST broth having gluconic acid concentration range from 0.1 to 4%.
T260 223820-223918 Sentence denotes The inhibitory activity of the pigment produced by strain A was checked by the ditch plate method.
T261 223919-224035 Sentence denotes The MICs for Imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime and cefepime were 0.5, 0.5, 8 and 4mg/L respectively for both strains.
T262 224036-224155 Sentence denotes Both the strains were positive for blaoxa-51-like and blaADC but negative for blaoxa-23/40/58 and metallo-b-lactamases.
T263 224156-224219 Sentence denotes Strain A produced a brown pigment in presence of gluconic acid.
T264 224220-224372 Sentence denotes It also grew better than strain B over a period of 48 hours in the presence of IST broth containing gluconic acid concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 4%.
T265 224373-224426 Sentence denotes Neither strain produced pigment in M9 glucose medium.
T266 224427-224503 Sentence denotes When gluconic acid is added in excess, it increases the pigment in strain A.
T267 224504-224677 Sentence denotes The brown pigment produced by strain A did not have any inhibitory effect against S. aureus NCTC6571, Ps. aeruginosa NCTC10662, A. baumannii ATCC19606 and E. coli NCTC10418.
T268 224678-224900 Sentence denotes The glucose dehydrogenase enables both the strains to form 6-phosphogluonate which is free to enter the Entner-Doudouroff pathway hence there is no pigment production seen in both the strains when M9 glucose broth is used.
T269 224901-225120 Sentence denotes On the other side human blood being enriched with nutrients including gluconic acid helps strain A to survive better by converting gluconic acid to 2,5 diketogluconate which leads to the formation of brown pigmentation.
T270 225121-225232 Sentence denotes The survival of A. baumannii A in gluconic acid enriched medium helps it to survive better than A. baumannii B.
T271 225233-225348 Sentence denotes Excess gluconic acid in strain A leads to brown pigmentation which may offer protection against antioxidant stress.
T272 225349-225471 Sentence denotes The results show that strain A has multiple routes of metabolism which offers it better chance for survival than strain B.
T273 225472-225474 Sentence denotes S.
T274 225475-225484 Sentence denotes Iyer*, M.
T275 225485-225493 Sentence denotes Reed, A.
T276 225494-225504 Sentence denotes Stacey, N.
T277 225505-225540 Sentence denotes Virgincar (Reading, UK) Objectives:
T278 225541-225651 Sentence denotes Prompt empirical antimicrobial treatment, after blood culture is recommended for optimal management of sepsis.
T279 225652-225879 Sentence denotes Rapid pathogen identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results permit early streamlining of the empirical antimicrobial treatment to the pathogen-directed treatment with potential healthcare benefits.
T280 225880-226163 Sentence denotes We compared, using the Vitek 2 automated system, ID and AST of Gram-negative bacilli (GNBs) from positive blood culture by 'direct' inoculation from blood culture broths with the 'indirect' inoculation from pure subcultures to improve the turnaround time of microbiological analysis.
T281 226164-226172 Sentence denotes Methods:
T282 226173-226336 Sentence denotes Between May-October 2010, 97 consecutive GNBs from 64 monomicrobial positive blood cultures (33 sets in 2/2 and 31 sets in 1/2 bottles) were included in the study.
T283 226337-226596 Sentence denotes Vitek 2 GN ID and AST N142 (Enterobacteriaceae) cards were 'directly' inoculated with bacterial suspensions, prepared by differential centrifugation of the positive blood culture broth at 160Xg 5min, to separate blood cells and 650Xg 10min to pellet bacteria.
T284 226597-226755 Sentence denotes Vitek 2 GNID, AST N142 and N 143 (Non-Enterobacteriaceae) were also 'indirectly' inoculated from overnight subcultures, following manufacturer's instructions.
T285 226756-226822 Sentence denotes The 'indirect' method results were considered the 'gold standard'.
T286 226823-226891 Sentence denotes API ID system was used if the GNB was not identified by the Vitek 2.
T287 226892-227100 Sentence denotes Discrepant AST results were interpreted as: a 'very major error' if the result of the direct method was susceptible ("S") and that of the 'Indirect' method was resistant ("R"); a major error was the opposite.
T288 227101-227154 Sentence denotes All other discrepancies were considered minor errors.
T289 227155-227166 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T290 227167-227349 Sentence denotes Seasonal variation in rates of infection with certain microorganisms has already been described with a higher incidence rate during the warmest months than the remainder of the year.
T291 227350-227529 Sentence denotes The aim of the study was to detect seasonal variation, if any, in the recovery rate of different pathogens from the positive blood cultures obtained from patients of our hospital.
T292 227530-227538 Sentence denotes Methods:
T293 227539-227633 Sentence denotes All the bloodstream infections reported during the last five years were included in the study.
T294 227634-227901 Sentence denotes After incubation in a continuously monitoring blood culture system (BACTEC 9050, Becton Dickinson, USA), positive blood-cultures were inoculated onto appropriate plates for standard aerobic and anaerobic cultures and incubated at 37 0 C for 24h and 48h, respectively.
T295 227902-228026 Sentence denotes A Gram-stained smear was examined under microscope to obtain valuable information about the types of microorganisms present.
T296 228027-228138 Sentence denotes The isolated pathogens were identified using the automated system VITEK 2 (BioMerieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France).
T297 228139-228204 Sentence denotes Spot IF, bioMerieux) for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies.
T298 228205-228262 Sentence denotes All serum samples were tested in a 1/40 initial dilution.
T299 228263-228369 Sentence denotes Intense fluorescence of the Rickettsiae situated in or outside the cells was considered positive reaction.
T300 228370-228442 Sentence denotes End-point titers were obtained by serial dilution on positive specimens.
T301 228443-228567 Sentence denotes Sera showing a typical pattern of fluorescence at titers of 1:80 for IgG and/or for IgM antibodies were considered positive.
T302 228568-228664 Sentence denotes In 64 patients a second serum sample was tested for seroconversion or a fourfold titre increase.
T303 228665-228673 Sentence denotes Results:
T304 228674-228766 Sentence denotes Of the total 903 patients, IgM and IgG antibodies to rickettsiae were found in 250 patients.
T305 228767-228870 Sentence denotes Antibodies to R. conorii were detected in 210 patients (84%), 115 males (54.8%) and 95 females (45.2%).
T306 228871-228977 Sentence denotes In addition antibodies to R. mooseri were found in 40 patients (16%), 26 males (65%) and 14 females (35%).
T307 228978-229078 Sentence denotes Difference in prevalence of antibodies to rickettsiae between age groups in men was not significant.
T308 229079-229181 Sentence denotes However, the highest prevalence of antibodies to rickettsiae was observed in women aged >40 years old.
T309 229182-229280 Sentence denotes Rickettsial infections are significantly seasonal, with most cases appearing during summer months.
T310 229281-229392 Sentence denotes Patients from the prefectures of Kavala and Xanthi demonstrated a high prevalence of antibodies to rickettsiae.
T311 229393-229405 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T312 229406-229514 Sentence denotes Data show a wide distribution of R. conorii in Northern Greece and indicate the low frequency of R. mooseri.
T313 229515-229554 Sentence denotes Men are affected more often than women.
T314 229555-229662 Sentence denotes Increased incidence of disease occurs during the summer months, especially in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace.
T315 229663-229674 Sentence denotes Background:
T316 229675-229894 Sentence denotes Antigen p24 is detected in blood serum at early stages of HIV-infection as a result of virus replication and at later stages of infection, when anti-p24 concentration decreases, and the antigen becomes detectable again.
T317 229895-230056 Sentence denotes When antibodies to HIV are revealed, antigen p24 is often no longer detectable as a result of formation of a complex between the antigen and antibodies in blood.
T318 230057-230256 Sentence denotes All existing commercial kits detect only the free p24 antigen, and their sensitivity level unable to determine low concentrations of p24 antigen that is required for early diagnosis of HIV infection.
T319 230257-230411 Sentence denotes The purpose of the work is the study of diagnostic efficiency of detection of free and bound HIV-1 p24 antigen by the modified kit "DS-EIA-HIV-Ag-screen".
T320 230412-230575 Sentence denotes An increase the sensitivity at antigen HIV-1 p24 detection is achieved by dissociate the immune complex and detecting total antigen p24 HIV-1 in patients' samples.
T321 230576-230586 Sentence denotes Materials:
T322 230587-230687 Sentence denotes Method for the dissociation of immune complex and preserving the free HIV p24 antigen was developed.
T323 230688-230831 Sentence denotes The samples were treated with glycine hydrochloride to dissociate the immune complexes, followed by neutralization with TRIS-hydrochloric acid.
T324 230832-230925 Sentence denotes Reagents for immune dissociation designed for use with the kit of the "DS-EIA-HIV-Ag-screen".
T325 230926-230981 Sentence denotes The following categories of sera were used in the work:
T326 230982-231137 Sentence denotes 43 sera positive in EIA and PCR and indeterminate in the immunoblot (IB), 107 well defined and positive in the IB reaction sera from HIV-infected patients.
T327 231138-231146 Sentence denotes Results:
T328 231147-231358 Sentence denotes At testing 43 blood sera samples positive in EIA, PCR and indeterminate in the IB, antigen p24 is detected in 31 samples (72%) using the kit "DS-EIA-HIV-Ag-screen" and in 37 samples (86%) using the modified kit.
T329 231359-231600 Sentence denotes At testing of 107 the samples from HIVinfected patients, confirmed in the IB reaction, antigen p24 is detected in 8 samples (7.48%) using the kit "DS-EIA-HIV-Ag-screen" and additionally in 11 samples after the dissociation of immune complex.
T330 231601-231849 Sentence denotes The All strains for which the biologist asked complementary identification 1) from May to July 2010 isolates were placed in an Eppendorf tube containing a water-ethanol mixture, then, an extraction was performed before testing on the Ultraflex III.
T331 231850-231987 Sentence denotes 2) since August, the extraction was eliminated and the bacteria were subcultured the day before testing directly deposited on the target.
T332 231988-231996 Sentence denotes Results:
T333 231997-232053 Sentence denotes A total of 170 strains were tested on the Ultraflex III:
T334 232054-232237 Sentence denotes 94 strains (55%) were identified with a score above 2.00, 37 strains (22%) were identified with a score between 1.70 and 1.99 and for 39 strains (23%) a score below 1.70 was obtained.
T335 232238-232333 Sentence denotes Finally, an identification was obtained for 77% of the bacterial isolates, avoiding sequencing.
T336 232334-232621 Sentence denotes Moreover, even if for 23% of strains, no valid identification was obtained (low score), in practice the identifications given by the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer often helped the biologist in orienting the identification and carrying out additional tests before performing the sequencing.
T337 232622-232819 Sentence denotes In conclusion, after 6 months of this protocol, more than 75% of bacteria thus treated were identified and all biologists are convinced of the contribution of spectrometry in clinical bacteriology.
T338 232820-232980 Sentence denotes Valuable time is saved and in some cases the therapeutic management of patients has been modified and adapted quickly to the results given by mass spectrometry.
T339 232981-232992 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T340 232993-233219 Sentence denotes Rapid antigen detection assays for the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antigen are widely available with large differences in performance characteristics, sensitivities varying between 59% and 97% (Henrickson KJ and Hall CB.
T341 233220-233275 Sentence denotes Pediatr Infect Dis J., 2007 Nov; 26(11 Suppl): S36−40).
T342 233276-233420 Sentence denotes We evaluated the performance of two commercially available immunochromatographic assays: the BinaxNOW RSV and Clearview RSV (Inverness Medical).
T343 233421-233429 Sentence denotes Methods:
T344 233430-233683 Sentence denotes One hundred paediatric nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected and stored during the winters 2007-2010 in the University Hospital of Antwerp and were used for the evaluation of the BinaxNOW; 75 of these specimens were also tested with the Clearview RSV.
T345 233684-233942 Sentence denotes The results of these rapid assays were compared to the combination of immunofluorescence (IF) directly on the specimens and/or culture on inoculated Hep2 shell vials followed by IF after two days of incubation (VC), which was considered as the gold standard.
T346 233943-234007 Sentence denotes True positives were defined as positive for either IF and/or VC.
T347 234008-234009 Sentence denotes :
T348 234010-234099 Sentence denotes Of the 100 samples tested, 49 were found positive (49%) for RSV with either IF and/or VC.
T349 234100-234234 Sentence denotes The sensitivity and specificity of the Clearview and the BinaxNOW assay were 77.1% and 92.5%, 87.8% and 98.0% respectively (table 1) .
T350 234235-234345 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference in sensitivity (P = 0.3) and specificity (P = 0.3) between the two assays.
T351 234346-234357 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T352 234358-234526 Sentence denotes These easy to perform RSV antigen tests, which have a comparable performance, facilitate urgent testing outside batched runs or outside normal laboratory working hours.
T353 234527-234604 Sentence denotes In order to increase sensitivity, negative results should be confirmed by IF.
T354 234605-234616 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T355 234617-234851 Sentence denotes The diagnosis of infection with human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 (HIV-1, HIV-2) is based on the detection of antibodies (Ab) to HIV-1/-2, and, during the stage of primary infection, the detection of p24 antigen or HIV-1 viral RNA.
T356 234852-235043 Sentence denotes The objectives were to assess the performance of the Access HIV combo assay (Bio-Rad) on Access 2 system (Beckman Coulter) in terms of specificity and sensitivity on serum and plasma samples.
T357 235044-235091 Sentence denotes This study was performed in three laboratories:
T358 235092-235414 Sentence denotes Virology Department from Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, laboratory "CQFD" from the EFS Nord de France (EFS-1) and laboratory "Non-Thérapeutique" from the EFS Normandie (EFS-2 The clinical evaluation of Access HIV combo on Access 2 system showed an excellent specificity for HIV testing for blood donors and hospital patients.
T359 235415-235525 Sentence denotes All patients infected by HIV-1 or -2, at the chronic stage of the infection, were also identified as positive.
T360 235526-235615 Sentence denotes These performance are fully suitable for HIV screening in private or hospital laboratory.
T361 235616-235627 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T362 235628-235755 Sentence denotes Campylobacter jejuni is the organism that has most frequently been described in association with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).
T363 235756-235971 Sentence denotes Although infections with C. jejuni are recognized mainly by culture, serodiagnosis is often useful tool in diagnosis of neurological complications and reactive arthritis occurred after intestinal campylobacteriosis.
T364 235972-236070 Sentence denotes Many various bacterial antigens have been used for the detection of C. jejuni specific antibodies.
T365 236071-236216 Sentence denotes In this study we evaluated ELISA with four different antigen preparations for serological diagnosis of C. jejuni infections in patients with GBS.
T366 236217-236225 Sentence denotes Methods:
T367 236226-236380 Sentence denotes Sera were obtained from six pediatric patients (age range 4−16 years old; two males and four females) which met the established clinical criteria for GBS.
T368 236381-236486 Sentence denotes A few weeks before the development of neurological symptoms all the six patients had a diarrhea episodes.
T369 236487-236540 Sentence denotes Paired serum specimens were obtained from 2 patients.
T370 236541-236679 Sentence denotes For control of specificity and sensitivity of different ELISA we used sera from culture-positive C. jejuni patients and from blood donors.
T371 236680-236941 Sentence denotes The serological tests for C. jejuni were performed using one commercial ELISA (Mikrogen) and three home-made ELISA tests, with whole-cell antigen (Virion/Serion), LPS antigen and whole-cell antigen prepared according to method described by Strid and colleagues.
T372 236942-236950 Sentence denotes Results:
T373 236951-237120 Sentence denotes The cut-off limit of serum antibodies in home-made ELISA was set at mean antibody titre determined in the sera of 100 blood donors exceeded by three standard deviations.
T374 237121-237227 Sentence denotes IgG antibodies, in diagnostically significant level, were presented in 4 patients by all four ELISA tests.
T375 237228-237357 Sentence denotes We observed significant decrease of IgG antibodies titre in serum samples obtained from two patients in chronic phase of disease.
T376 237358-237477 Sentence denotes ELISA with LPS antigen and ELISA with whole-cell antigen (Virion/Serion) diagnosed the IgM antibodies in four patients.
T377 237478-237645 Sentence denotes On the other hand the presence of IgA was diagnosed only in serum samples obtained in the acute phase from two patients by commercial ELISA and ELISA with LPS antigen.
T378 237646-237833 Sentence denotes The results of our study showed that serological investigation may be a useful tool for identification of C. jejuni infections in patients with post-infectious neurological complications.
T379 237834-238021 Sentence denotes Therefore, development of a worldwide available, standardized ELISA assay which can be used in serological diagnosis of C. jejuni infections, and its complications such as GBS, is needed.
T380 238022-238035 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T381 238036-238171 Sentence denotes Traditionally, clinical samples are manually inoculated and spread onto agar plates by lab technicians using plastic or platinum loops.
T382 238172-238235 Sentence denotes The most common streaking pattern is the four-quadrant pattern.
T383 238236-238359 Sentence denotes The aim of this procedure is to isolate discrete colonies for further identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing.
T384 238360-238524 Sentence denotes KIESTRA Lab Automation (Drachten, The Netherlands) has developed an instrument where the spreading of the samples is performed by beads in an electromagnetic field.
T385 238525-238767 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was: -to compare the number of discrete colonies obtained by manual spreading with automatic spreading performed by InoqulA ® -to study the variation and reproducibility of discrete colonies created by InoqulA ® Methods:
T386 238768-238884 Sentence denotes Bacteria from two different species were selected, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.
T387 238885-239057 Sentence denotes Inoculums of each species were prepared by suspending the bacteria in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) to a density of McFarland 0.5 using VITEK ® 2 Densicheck (bioMérieux).
T388 239058-239154 Sentence denotes The suspension of E. faecalis was used undiluted and the suspension of E. coli was diluted 1/10.
T389 239155-239225 Sentence denotes The final inoculum spread on each plate were 108 and 107 respectively.
T390 239226-239293 Sentence denotes Agar plates used was a cromogenic agar called UriSelect 4 (BioRad).
T391 239294-239437 Sentence denotes Five skilled lab technicians were asked to participate in the study and each lab technician inoculated two plates of each bacterial suspension.
T392 239438-239513 Sentence denotes The same suspensions were used to inoculate the plates with the InoqulA ® .
T393 239514-239568 Sentence denotes All plates were inoculated with 10 mL using a pipette.
T394 239569-239649 Sentence denotes For the manual spreading, plastic loops and the four-quadrant pattern, was used.
T395 239650-239750 Sentence denotes The plates were incubated in ambient air at 35ºC for 16 hours before discrete colonies were counted.
T396 239751-239759 Sentence denotes Results:
T397 239760-239918 Sentence denotes InoqulA ® produced three times as many discrete colonies of E. coli and five times as many discrete colonies of E. faecalis than the manual method (Table 1) .
T398 239919-239946 Sentence denotes For both E. faecalis ( fig.
T399 239947-239969 Sentence denotes 1 ) and E. coli ( fig.
T400 239970-240076 Sentence denotes 2 ) the amount of discrete colonies isolated by manual spreading varied between different lab technicians.
T401 240077-240169 Sentence denotes There was also a noticeable variation in number of discrete colonies produced by InoqulA ® .
T402 240170-240479 Sentence denotes Conclusions: -InoqulA ® produced a greater amount of isolated bacterial colonies than manual streaking. -The number of isolated colonies obtained by manual spreading varies between different lab technicians. -Reproducibility and evaluation of different InoqulA ® streaking pattern needs to be further studied.
T403 240480-240493 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T404 240494-240600 Sentence denotes Chronic Abdominal Pain of childhood and adolescent is a common disturbance of patients and their Families.
T405 240601-240696 Sentence denotes Considering different etiologies of abdominal pain, the role of Helicobacter pylori is unclear.
T406 240697-240785 Sentence denotes This study was case-control and prospective from 1387-1388, carried out in Bandar Abbas.
T407 240786-240943 Sentence denotes 50 patients aged 4−16 years suffering from recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) over 3 months which interfered with their normal life style were selected randomly.
T408 240944-241030 Sentence denotes 50 healthy preschool and school children with same age were selected as control group.
T409 241031-241082 Sentence denotes Demographic data were collected in a questionnaire.
T410 241083-241186 Sentence denotes After physical examination, both groups were checked for Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test (HPSA).
T411 241187-241195 Sentence denotes Results:
T412 241196-241226 Sentence denotes 58% (29) patients were female.
T413 241227-241352 Sentence denotes 14% in case group suffering from RAP and 10% in control group had a positive HPSAg and 1 person (2%) had a borderline result.
T414 241353-241490 Sentence denotes HPSAg was more positive in males, and not related to age, route of delivery child was born or the family history of peptic ulcer disease.
T415 241491-241558 Sentence denotes HPSAg result did not differ significantly in case or control group.
T416 241559-241657 Sentence denotes Initiation of supplemental feeding after 6 months was a strong risk factor for h.pylori infection.
T417 241658-241669 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T418 241670-241820 Sentence denotes The prenatal hypoxia is the leading of nervous system patology on one side and infectious processes with tendency of generalization on the other side.
T419 241821-241956 Sentence denotes We use a tandem of markers in intensive care newborns: PCT − a biomarker of a bacterial infection and S100B − a marker of brain damage.
T420 241957-241965 Sentence denotes Methods:
T421 241966-242030 Sentence denotes 31 newborns (3−6 days) in ICU transported from maternity clinic.
T422 242031-242067 Sentence denotes The gestational age was 28−40 weeks.
T423 242068-242131 Sentence denotes PCT and S100 serum levels were measured by Elecsys immunoassay.
T424 242132-242140 Sentence denotes Results:
T425 242141-242195 Sentence denotes 13 newborns (42%) were with HIE and 18 (58%) with IVH.
T426 242196-242302 Sentence denotes Patients with IVH was with pre-natal pneumonia in 10 (77%) cases and in 9 (69%) necrotizing coloenteritis.
T427 242303-242373 Sentence denotes Whereas at patients with HIE an aspiration pneumonia is prevailed (11.
T428 242374-242379 Sentence denotes 61%).
T429 242380-242436 Sentence denotes Necrotizing coloenteritis is diagnosed in 4 (22%) cases.
T430 242437-242552 Sentence denotes PCT level was1.54 ng/ml after hospitalization ( The level of S100B is directly correlate with PCT level (r = 0.51).
T431 242553-242594 Sentence denotes Subsequent assay was made by 18 patients.
T432 242595-242626 Sentence denotes PCT was 0.39 (0.192−1.1) ng/ml.
T433 242627-242705 Sentence denotes In 9 cases PCT have normalized after initially levels more than 2 ng/ml level.
T434 242706-242779 Sentence denotes In other cases decreased of PCT level before treatment was more than 50%.
T435 242780-242935 Sentence denotes While S100B remained the same 0.347 (0.192-0.438 Every inoculation was performed in triple on blood agar plates and the experiment was repeated four times.
T436 242936-243155 Sentence denotes For the implementation of the WASP in the routine microbiology laboratory, results of the inoculation of fifty urine samples and fifty MRSA-screening samples by the WASP were compared with results of manual inoculation.
T437 243156-243269 Sentence denotes For urine samples, 1 mL was planted on blood agar and McConkey agar plates in a four quadrants streaking pattern.
T438 243270-243394 Sentence denotes Ten mL of the MRSA screening samples (eSwab) was planted on a chromogenic agar and inoculated in TSB salt enrichment medium.
T439 243395-243509 Sentence denotes After overnight incubation, enrichment broths were planted onto chromogenic agar plates both by WASP and manually.
T440 243510-243761 Sentence denotes The quantitative evaluation of the automated streaking of the 1 mL loop showed that plates inoculated by the WASP had 10 times more colonies growing after overnight incubation as compared to the plates inoculated with 50 mL using the calibrated pipet.
T441 243762-243894 Sentence denotes This was the same for all three ATCC strains and after a correction was made for the cfu/mL of the initial 0.5 McFarland suspension.
T442 243895-244054 Sentence denotes Although there were numeric differences between colony count of plates inoculated by WASP and manually, no differences in clinical interpretation was observed.
T443 244055-244123 Sentence denotes Testing of the clinical samples will be continued in the next weeks.
T1 244124-244380 Sentence denotes Although the WASP is a very promising automated instrument for planting and streaking of bulk samples like urines and MRSA-screening samples in microbiology laboratories, a conscientious validation is recommended before the implementation in daily routine.
T2 244381-244392 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T3 244393-244457 Sentence denotes Anaerobic bacteria remain an important group of human pathogens.
T4 244458-244601 Sentence denotes Most of them are fastidious microorganisms, and their identification by conventional, biochemical methods is frequently tedious and inaccurate.
T5 244602-244800 Sentence denotes MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is a fast and reliable technology for microorganism identification, which has been shown useful for microorganisms identification both from culture and from some samples.
T6 244801-244944 Sentence denotes We have compared the correlation between biochemical identification and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (ME) for anaerobic bacteria identification.
T7 244945-245020 Sentence denotes Sepsis is caused by a variety of different groups of infectious etiologies.
T8 245021-245106 Sentence denotes Early and adequate antimicrobial therapies correlate with positive clinical outcomes.
T9 245107-245288 Sentence denotes In recent years matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry fingerprinting has become a powerful tool in the microbiological diagnostic.
T10 245289-245441 Sentence denotes The direct identification of microorganisms from a positive blood culture can shorten the diagnostic significantly enabling an earlier specific therapy.
T11 245442-245634 Sentence denotes Aim of the study was to compare two different methods of sample preparation for the MALDI-TOF directly from a positive blood culture versus the conventional culture, the current gold standard.
T12 245635-245905 Sentence denotes In the first part of the study 192 positive blood cultures have been investigated by using tubes with separator gels (BD) to enrich microorganisms in the serum followed by the standard ethanol/formic acid protein extraction for the preparation of the bacterial extracts.
T13 245906-246077 Sentence denotes In the second part of the study MALDI Sepsityper Kit from Bruker Daltonic has been used for the preparation of the bacterial extracts out from 132 positive blood cultures.
T14 246078-246236 Sentence denotes 75% of Gram-negative bacteria and 60% of Gram-positive bacteria were correctly identified using the separator tubes compared to the cultures on species level.
T15 246237-246379 Sentence denotes Using the MALDI Sepsityper Kit from Bruker Daltonic 95% of Gram-negative bacteria and 68% of Gram-positive bacteria were correctly identified.
T16 246380-246580 Sentence denotes The overall identification Biotyper score in both studies was significantly higher for the Gram-negative (Septityper 2,2 and BD 2,0) compared to the Gram-positive bacteria (Septityper 1,8 and BD 1,7).
T17 246581-246746 Sentence denotes An alteration of the algorithm for the interpretation of the Biotyper score for Gram-positive bacteria increases the rate of identification of the germ about 12−18%.
T18 246747-246826 Sentence denotes The hands-on time is higher for the method using the tubes with separator gels.
T19 246827-246978 Sentence denotes Thus, both protocols are suitable methods for the analysis of blood stream infection with better results observed with Brukers Daltonic Sepsityper Kit.
T20 246979-246990 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T21 246991-247150 Sentence denotes Natriuretic peptides compose a family of peptides that present diuretic and vasoconstrictive properties and are associated with left heart ventricle functions.
T22 247151-247298 Sentence denotes Especially, the amino ending end of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is secreted by heart ventricles due to their dilatation in heart failure.
T23 247299-247380 Sentence denotes High levels of NT-proBNP are also observed during bacterial infection and sepsis.
T24 247381-247490 Sentence denotes Procalcitonin (PCT) is a calcitonin propeptide, which levels increase in serious bacterial infection Results:
T25 247491-247623 Sentence denotes Increased levels of NT-proBNP and CRP were observed in all episodes while increased PCT values were found only in 16 (53%) episodes.
T26 247624-247828 Sentence denotes The highest levels were observed for NT-proBNP in respiratory truck infections and bacteremias, for PCT in respiratory infections and bacteremias and for CRP in bacteremias and venous catheter infections.
T27 247829-248002 Sentence denotes Statistically, significant correlation was observed between NT-proBNP and CRP (p < 0.01), while no correlation was observed between NT-proBNP and PCT or between CRP and PCT.
T28 248003-248099 Sentence denotes No significant correlation was observed between the isolated bacteria and NT-proBNP, PCT or CRP.
T29 248100-248267 Sentence denotes In respiratory truck positive cultures it was found statistically significant correlation between NT-proBNP and CRP (p < 0.01) and also between PCT and CRP (p < 0.05).
T30 248268-248270 Sentence denotes 1.
T31 248271-248354 Sentence denotes NT-proBNP levels are significantly correlated with CRP levels in severe infections.
T32 248355-248357 Sentence denotes 2.
T33 248358-248473 Sentence denotes There is no significant correlation between the isolated bacteria from positive cultures and NT-proBNP, PCT or CRP.
T34 248474-248482 Sentence denotes Results:
T35 248483-248595 Sentence denotes On T1 PCT was higher in patients with sepsis, than patients with SIRS due to noninfectious etiology (p < 0.001).
T36 248596-248660 Sentence denotes PCT levels increased significantly with the severity of illness.
T37 248661-248736 Sentence denotes The highest levels were observed in patients with septic shock (P < 0.001).
T38 248737-248814 Sentence denotes Patients who died during the follow up period were grouped as "nonsurvivors".
T39 248815-248945 Sentence denotes Patients who were alive at the end of 14 days (n = 57) or discharged with cure (n = 8) in this period were grouped as "survivors".
T40 248946-249055 Sentence denotes A total of 29 patients died in the first 10 days, so PCT levels on T10 for these patients were not available.
T41 249056-249162 Sentence denotes PCT levels were higher in nonsurvivors on T0, T3 and T7 (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p= p < 0.019 respectively).
T42 249163-249209 Sentence denotes The change in PCT levels in time was analyzed.
T43 249210-249333 Sentence denotes A significant decrease was observed in survivors in whom PCT values on T1, T3, T7, T10 were available (n = 57) (p < 0.001).
T44 249334-249515 Sentence denotes At a cut-off value of 0.07ng/ml on T0, the negative predictive value (NPV) of PCT for differentiating sepsis from SIRS due to non infectious etiology was 100.0% with 95.7% accuracy.
T45 249516-249627 Sentence denotes When 17 patients with SIRS were excluded, for 77 patients with sepsis NPV of PCT for mortality were as follows:
T46 249628-249671 Sentence denotes On T3, at a cut-off value of 0.7ng/ml, NPV:
T47 249672-249687 Sentence denotes 91.0% accuracy:
T48 249688-249735 Sentence denotes 70.6% On T7, at a cut-off value of 3ng/ml, NPV:
T49 249736-249752 Sentence denotes 97.5%, accuracy:
T50 249753-249770 Sentence denotes 84.3% Conclusion:
T51 249771-249894 Sentence denotes We think that PCT is an important marker guiding the clinician in the differential diagnosis of sepsis and prognostication.
T52 249895-249897 Sentence denotes K.
T53 249898-249911 Sentence denotes Behera*, T.K.
T54 249912-249925 Sentence denotes Mohanty, S.S.
T55 249926-249935 Sentence denotes Layek, A.
T56 249936-249949 Sentence denotes Kumaresan, T.
T57 249950-249985 Sentence denotes Patbandha (Haryana, IN) Objectives:
T58 249986-250150 Sentence denotes Mastitis continues to be a costly disease in modern dairy farming and detection at subclinical stage is of immense worth both in terms of animal health and economy.
T59 250151-250477 Sentence denotes The present study was undertaken to evaluate potential value of Acute Phase Proteins (Serum Amyloid A and Haptoglobin) in detecting clinical and subclinical mastitis and their correlation with pH and electro-conductivity in Zebu (Sahiwal) R2492 Performance evaluation of the Access ® HIV combo assay on the UniCel ® DxI 800 E.
T60 250478-250486 Sentence denotes Roux, N.
T61 250487-250498 Sentence denotes Groleau, C.
T62 250499-250513 Sentence denotes Chandelier, F.
T63 250514-250528 Sentence denotes Margotteau, C.
T64 250529-250538 Sentence denotes Stoia, D.
T65 250539-250550 Sentence denotes Duhamel, B.
T66 250551-250562 Sentence denotes Roussel, C.
T67 250563-250575 Sentence denotes Bonchamp, V.
T68 250576-250587 Sentence denotes Potelle, D.
T69 250588-250598 Sentence denotes Nogues, M.
T70 250599-250609 Sentence denotes Cottin, R.
T71 250610-250629 Sentence denotes Falcou-Briatte*, O.
T72 250630-250688 Sentence denotes Flecheux (Marnes la Coquette, Steenvoorde, FR) Objectives:
T73 250689-250913 Sentence denotes A new automated HIV combo assay has been developed by Bio-Rad for the qualitative detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen and antibodies to HIV-1 (groups M-N-O) and HIV-2 using the UniCel DxI 800 Immunoassay system (Beckman Coulter).
T74 250914-251041 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of this new assay in terms of sensitivity, specificity and precision.
T75 251042-251050 Sentence denotes Methods:
T76 251051-251115 Sentence denotes All studies were performed on UniCel DxI 800 immunoassay system.
T77 251116-251238 Sentence denotes The analytical sensitivity was estimated by dilution study of the AFSSAPS panel and the NIBSC Panel 90/636 (WHO standard).
T78 251239-251457 Sentence denotes The clinical sensitivity was evaluated by testing 62 subtype and variant samples, 289 commercial positive samples, 199 hospital patient samples and 61 seroconversion panels (including 131 early seroconversion samples).
T79 251458-251628 Sentence denotes The clinical specificity was studied with 2,552 samples from blood donors, 1,969 selected negative hospital patient samples and 617 non selected hospital patient samples.
T80 251629-251839 Sentence denotes The precision study has been studied following CLSI EP5A2 guidance by the analysis of 13 samples: a negative sample, 2 low positive samples, a medium positive sample for HIV-1, HIV-2, HIV-1-O and HIV-1 antigen.
T81 251840-251848 Sentence denotes Results:
T82 251849-252021 Sentence denotes The specificity was found to be 100% on blood donor samples, 99.85% on selected negative hospitalized patient samples and 100% on non selected hospitalized patient samples.
T83 252022-252103 Sentence denotes The analytical sensitivity obtained with the NIBSC 90/636 was equal to 1.1 IU/mL.
T84 252104-252159 Sentence denotes It was estimated at 20.60 pg/mL with the AFSSAPS panel.
T85 252160-252291 Sentence denotes The clinical sensitivity for all positive samples including HIV-1-M, HIV-1-O, HIV-1-N, HIV-2 antibodies and HIV-1 antigen was 100%.
T86 252292-252434 Sentence denotes The seroconversion sensitivity gave performance in accordance with the state of the art as 131 early seroconversion samples were all detected.
T87 252435-252517 Sentence denotes Intra-assay and inter-assay precisions were found below 10% with positive samples.
T88 252518-252529 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T89 252530-252745 Sentence denotes The evaluation of the Access HIV combo on the highest throughput UniCel DxI immunoassay system showed excellent performance in terms of global specificity, analytical sensitivity, clinical sensitivity and precision.
T90 252746-252968 Sentence denotes This new Access HIV combo is fully suited for the screening of HIV, in hospitals or private laboratories. with IB indeterminate and negative results were additionally tested in high sensitive EIA for p24 antigen detection.
T91 252969-253040 Sentence denotes The majority of these samples (57%) were also evaluated for viral load.
T92 253041-253150 Sentence denotes Cost-effectiveness of analysis included the calculation of the cost of identifying one case of HIV infection.
T93 253151-253225 Sentence denotes The reliability of differences was determined by Mann-Whitney's criterion.
T94 253226-253234 Sentence denotes Results:
T95 253235-253360 Sentence denotes Out of 4271 analyzed sera with IB indeterminate and negative results, antigen p24 was detected in 4,5% and 2,5% respectively.
T96 253361-253417 Sentence denotes In p24 positive samples, viral load was detected in 98%.
T97 253418-253528 Sentence denotes More than in 25% of cases, the viral load exceeds the sensitivity level of the used assay (>750000 copies/ml).
T98 253529-253678 Sentence denotes A median was more than 100,000 copies/ml in samples with indeterminate IB results and more than 300000 copies/ml in samples with negative IB results.
T99 253679-253730 Sentence denotes HIV-status was confirmed in 58% of tested patients.
T100 253731-253785 Sentence denotes The median time until confirmation by IB was 107 days.
T101 253786-253881 Sentence denotes 40% of patients with indeterminate and negative IB results did not come for the repeat testing.
T102 253882-253964 Sentence denotes A few of false-positive results (2%) were due to the errors of pre-analytic phase.
T103 253965-253976 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T104 253977-254126 Sentence denotes The EUCAST disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing method for fastidious organisms is based on the Mueller-Hinton fastidious agar (MH-F).
T105 254127-254249 Sentence denotes In a pilot study, most anaerobic bacteria did not grow well enough on MH-F to permit antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
T106 254250-254497 Sentence denotes We decided to investigate whether or not the Brucella Blood Agar supplemented with hemin and vitamin K (BBA), recommended for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria with gradient strips, might also be suited for disk diffusion.
T107 254498-254506 Sentence denotes Methods:
T108 254507-254742 Sentence denotes Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741 were tested with E-test gradient strip (piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, metronidazole and clindamycin) on BBA according to the manufacturer's instructions.
T109 254743-254816 Sentence denotes The corresponding disk (EUCAST disk strength) was included on each plate.
T110 254817-255014 Sentence denotes Twelve plates were incubated at 37ºC in an anaerobe environment (10% CO 2 , 10% H and 80% N 2 ) for 24 hours with each antimicrobial agent on two different days for intra and inter day variability.
T111 255015-255148 Sentence denotes E-test results were compared with the acceptable ranges for the two strains (reference agar dilution testing, CLSI guideline M11-A7).
T112 255149-255207 Sentence denotes Twelve plates with disks only were also incubated at 35ºC.
T113 255208-255209 Sentence denotes :
T114 255210-255319 Sentence denotes All E-test results were within acceptable ranges and the intra and inter day variability was 1 dilution step.
T115 255320-255379 Sentence denotes Zone diameter mean and range are shown in Table 1 (n = 12).
T116 255380-255465 Sentence denotes The maximum difference between two means was 2.9 mm and the maximum range was 5.5 mm.
T117 255466-255532 Sentence denotes Overall, growth was better and zones smaller at 37ºC than at 35ºC.
T118 255533-255544 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T119 255545-255667 Sentence denotes Only a small intra and inter day variability was observed with disk diffusion on BBA with the tested antimicrobial agents.
T120 255668-255892 Sentence denotes Whether this small variability can be reproduced with clinical isolates and whether resistant isolates can be separated from wild type zone diameter distributions of the Bacteroides fragilis group remains to be investigated.
T121 255893-255965 Sentence denotes Also the impact of different temperatures needs to be evaluated further.
T122 255966-255968 Sentence denotes T.
T123 255969-255983 Sentence denotes Büyükgüçlü, H.
T124 255984-255993 Sentence denotes Iakar, N.
T125 255994-256017 Sentence denotes Balaban, D.Çaliskan, B.
T126 256018-256028 Sentence denotes Yalcin, U.
T127 256029-256038 Sentence denotes Cinar, E.
T128 256039-256048 Sentence denotes Guner, M.
T129 256049-256061 Sentence denotes Eksioglu, N.
T130 256062-256072 Sentence denotes Atakan, B.
T131 256073-256129 Sentence denotes Esen (Kirsehir, Ankara, Mersin, Karabuk, TR) Objectives:
T132 256130-256244 Sentence denotes The heterogenous expression of methicillin resistance in S. aureus make the phenotypic testing difficult and slow.
T133 256245-256446 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to compare the results of phenotypic and genotypic methods used for methicillin resistance, determine susceptibilities to antibiotics used for skin and soft tissue infections.
T134 256447-256455 Sentence denotes Methods:
T135 256456-256573 Sentence denotes 92 outpatient and 150 inpatient S. aureus strains isolated from skin and soft tissue infection included in the study.
T136 256574-256663 Sentence denotes The patients were classified as community acquired and hospital acquired by CDC criteria.
T137 256664-256816 Sentence denotes Methicillin resistance was determined by oxacillin and cefoxitin disk diffusion (DD), then confirmed with oxacillin salt screen agar test, and mecA PCR.
T138 256817-257063 Sentence denotes Susceptibility test to antimicrobials including clindamycin (CLI), erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin (GEN), penicillin (PEN), mupirocin (MUP), rifampin (RIF), tetracycline (TET), trimethoprimsulphametoxasole (SXT), teicoplanin (TEC) were determined.
T139 257064-257141 Sentence denotes Data were compared by the chi-square or Fisher's exact test, using SPSS 15.0.
T140 257142-257200 Sentence denotes Results: mecA was detected in 11 outpatient, 66 inpatient.
T141 257201-257273 Sentence denotes HA strains showed higher positivity than CA-strains (44%, 12%) (5.79; 2.
T142 257274-257479 Sentence denotes 85-11.74, p = 0.001 The most ideal spreading pattern to create evenly spread growth and uniform circular inhibition zones was pattern 5 with 1 mm distance between the laps and a full length primary streak.
T143 257480-257612 Sentence denotes 50 mL of the McF 0,5 suspensions were sufficient for all species except Enterococcus spp which required an inoculum volume of 75 mL.
T144 257613-257685 Sentence denotes Less inoculum than 50 mL increased the diameter of the inhibition zones.
T145 257686-257790 Sentence denotes Inoculums with a density of McF < 0,1 yielded larger inhibition zones than inoculums of McF 0,5 density.
T146 257791-257877 Sentence denotes This had an effect on the SIR-interpretation for some antibioticbacteria combinations.
T147 257878-257880 Sentence denotes 1.
T148 257881-258024 Sentence denotes It is possible to use InoqulA ® for inoculation and spreading of agar plates for susceptibility testing according to the new EUCAST guidelines.
T149 258025-258027 Sentence denotes 2.
T150 258028-258199 Sentence denotes There is no significant difference in SIR-interpretation of the included species when comparing inhibition zones after manual spreading and after spreading by InoqulA ® 3.
T151 258200-258385 Sentence denotes Using inoculums of much lower density than recommended increases the size of the inhibition zone, which has an effect on the SIRinterpretation for some antibiotic-bacteria combinations.
T152 258386-258582 Sentence denotes Bacterial cells were incubated in filtered Muller-Hinton broth until exponential phase and then exposed to 1, 2 and 4 micrograms per milliliter of ciprofloxacin (S-Aldrich) for 0.5, 1 and 2 hours.
T153 258583-258672 Sentence denotes Several fluorescent dyes were tested in order to obtain the best approach to the subject:
T154 258673-259077 Sentence denotes Propidium Iodide (S-Aldrich) (FL3-650 nm) a nucleic acid staining, which only penetrates on cells with severe lesion of the membrane i.e. dead cells; Bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol (DiBAC4 (3)) (S-Aldrich) (FL1-530 nm), a lipophilic anion able to diffuse across depolarized membranes; and SYBR Green I (Molecular Probes) (FL1-530 nm) fluorescent dye that binds to double stranded DNA.
T155 259078-259177 Sentence denotes Flow cytometric analysis was performed after staining with those probes in the dark for 30 minutes.
T156 259178-259286 Sentence denotes Conventional colony-forming units (CFU) assay was performed from the suspensions analyzed by Flow Cytometry.
T157 259287-259295 Sentence denotes Results:
T158 259296-259425 Sentence denotes Propidium Iodide and DiBAC4 (3) were not able to discriminate Susceptible and Resistant strains after the tested incubation time.
T159 259426-259713 Sentence denotes SYBR Green I was able to clearly discriminate between susceptible strains, presenting a decrease in fluorescence intensity in a drug concentration and time dependent manner only on susceptible strains when compared to the viable non-treated bacterial cells even after 0.5 hour treatment.
T160 259714-259802 Sentence denotes Correlation between conventional CFU assay and Flow Cytometry was successfully achieved.
T161 259803-259814 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T162 259815-259933 Sentence denotes One hour versus 24−48 hours was enough to characterize the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin staining with SYBR Green I.
T163 259934-260092 Sentence denotes Flow cytometry proved to be an excellent and accurate method representing an alternative approach to evaluate the susceptibility of bacteria to ciprofloxacin.
T164 260093-260104 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T165 260105-260233 Sentence denotes The detection of extended spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs) in the laboratory has led to a rise in the use of carbapenems worldwide.
T166 260234-260366 Sentence denotes Many laboratories now rely on automated systems to perform this task, and the reliability of their results is of crucial importance.
T167 260367-260567 Sentence denotes Here, we assessed the performance of one such system − the MicroScan WalkAway system (Siemens) and panel NM36 as a screening tool for the detection of ESBL production by a range of enterobacteriaceae.
T168 260568-260789 Sentence denotes Objective: EUCAST aims to set European breakpoints for antimicrobial resistance and to streamline methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) to increase the comparability of results from different laboratories.
T169 260790-260915 Sentence denotes In our laboratory AST was performed by micro-broth dilution on Phoenix™ and disk diffusion (DD) according to CLSI guidelines.
T170 260916-261103 Sentence denotes At the moment BD Diagnostics discontinued production of certain non-EUCAST panels, we decided to implement EUCAST-guidelines and breakpoints for DD and automatic testing at the same time.
T171 261104-261235 Sentence denotes This study describes the draw-backs encountered during the implementation of these guidelines in a routine microbiology laboratory.
T172 261236-261435 Sentence denotes Besides, breakpoints for several antibiotics tested in our lab are lacking in EUCAST-guidelines e.g. temocillin for Enterobacteriaceae, ceftazidime for Acinetobacter and erythromycin for Enterococci.
T173 261436-261586 Sentence denotes Practical issues encountered included the unavailability of some of the required disks and plates from some companies at the moment of implementation.
T174 261587-261802 Sentence denotes Also, Phoenix EUCAST-panels do not all fit completely into EUCAST-strategy as some antibiotic ranges do not include the new breakpoints recommended e.g. erythromycin for enterococci and rifampicin for staphylococci.
T175 261803-261976 Sentence denotes Due to these issues, a complete quality control testing on 20 consecutive days had to be performed using ATCC strains 25922, 27853, 29213, 29212, 49619 and NCTC strain 8468.
T176 261977-262240 Sentence denotes Zone diameters were measure daily by 2 trained microbiologists and compared to ranges provide by EUCAST (Tables of QC targets PBP2a™ (BNPBP2a) (Alere) for SA identification and methicillin résistance (MR) detection directly on blood culture bottles in 30 minutes.
T177 262241-262249 Sentence denotes Methods:
T178 262250-262278 Sentence denotes Prospective study of CPBP2a:
T179 262279-262350 Sentence denotes 333 consecutive staphylococcal strains were tested from primary plates.
T180 262351-262404 Sentence denotes Evaluation and prospective study of BNSA and BNPBP2a:
T181 262405-262416 Sentence denotes Evaluation:
T182 262417-262641 Sentence denotes 17 strains representative of MRSA clones circulating through the world were inoculated into artificial blood cultures (BacT/Alert FA and FN with 10 ml fresh human blood, 100 CFU/vial) and incubated in the BacT/Alert automat.
T183 262642-262660 Sentence denotes Prospective study:
T184 262661-262742 Sentence denotes 58 clinical blood culture bottles positive for Gram-positive cocci were included.
T185 262743-262837 Sentence denotes All immunochromatographic results were compared with phenotypic results (Vitek or Phoenix ® ).
T186 262838-262879 Sentence denotes Any discrepant result was checked by PCR.
T187 262880-262888 Sentence denotes Results:
T188 262889-262901 Sentence denotes Test CPBP2a:
T189 262902-262931 Sentence denotes 329 tests were interpretable.
T190 262932-263035 Sentence denotes For SA (MSSA, n = 216; MRSA, n = 30), Se, Sp, PPV and NPV were 90%, 100%, 100% and 98.6%, respectively.
T191 263036-263153 Sentence denotes For coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) (MSCNS, n = 23; MRCNS, n = 60), Se, Sp, PPV NPV were 70%, 100%, 100%, 56%.
T192 263154-263204 Sentence denotes No false positive was observed for SA and for CNS.
T193 263205-263341 Sentence denotes For MRSA and MRCNS isolates not detected on primary culture, the test was positive for all MRSA and for 14 of 18 MRCNS after subculture.
T194 263342-263457 Sentence denotes Two out of the 4 remaining MRCNS were detected after induction (around cefoxitin disc) and 2 could not be retested.
T195 263458-263481 Sentence denotes Tests BNSA and BNPBP2a:
T196 263482-263580 Sentence denotes Evaluation: for BNSA, 1 out of the 34 blood culture bottles (17 pairs aero/ana) remained negative.
T197 263581-263630 Sentence denotes For BNPBP2a, all strains were positive for PBP2a.
T198 263631-263724 Sentence denotes Prospective study: for BNSA, Se, Sp, PPV and NPV were 100%, 93.1%, 87.8%, 100%, respectively.
T199 263725-263800 Sentence denotes All SA were accurately detected while 4 CNS yielded false positive results.
T200 263801-263951 Sentence denotes For BNPBP2a, Se, Sp, PPV and NPV were 100% for SA (MSSA, n = 27; MRSA, n = 2) while for CNS Se, Sp, PPV NPV were 75%, 90%, 93.8%, 64.3%, respectively.
T201 263952-263963 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T202 263964-264077 Sentence denotes For SA, CPBP2a presents relevant PPV and NPV, enabling early consideration of the MR directly on primary culture.
T203 264078-264203 Sentence denotes For CNS, the test has an acceptable PPV but a low NPV and improvement would probably require an optimization of the protocol.
T204 264204-264319 Sentence denotes For BNSA and BNPBP2a, evaluation study as well as preliminary results from the prospective study appears promising.
T205 264320-264488 Sentence denotes Objectivity required accepting the fact that infectious diseases and responsibility of them challenge the health system to increase the immunization coverage up to 95%.
T206 264489-264510 Sentence denotes Material and Methods:
T207 264511-264542 Sentence denotes During February and July, incl.
T208 264543-264681 Sentence denotes 2121 cases of measles were registered and 1969 of them were hospitalized in the University Clinic of Infectious Diseases, town of Plovdiv.
T209 264682-264830 Sentence denotes Laboratory tests were conducted on the standard methodology; virus and serological parameters were investigated in Regional Public Health Institute.
T210 264831-264979 Sentence denotes The data were statistically processed with SPSS 14 analysis system, using parametric methods in Gaussian distribution and nonparametric when needed.
T211 264980-265068 Sentence denotes As a significant difference interval was accepted p < 0.05, guaranteeing 95% confidence.
T212 265069-265092 Sentence denotes Results and Discussion:
T213 265093-265192 Sentence denotes The highest incidence of measles was repotted during April and May, 34.3% of hospitalized patients.
T214 265193-265243 Sentence denotes Mainly mediumheavy forms of disease were observed.
T215 265244-265295 Sentence denotes 65% of treated were children between 1 to 18 years.
T216 265296-265365 Sentence denotes Measles complicated with pneumonia was found in 504 patients − 25.6%.
T217 265366-265439 Sentence denotes Pronounced respiratory failure and need of oxygen therapy had 59 fellows.
T218 265440-265483 Sentence denotes Antibiotics received all complicated cases.
T219 265484-265537 Sentence denotes X-Ray control was achieved in 74.3% of lung-affected.
T220 265538-265627 Sentence denotes We observed complications of the nervous system in 7 patients, aged 8 months to 52 years.
T221 265628-265746 Sentence denotes Measles, complicated with meningitis − two cases, viral encephalitis − 4 and one 8 years old boy with meningomyelitis.
T222 265747-265758 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T223 265759-266019 Sentence denotes Outbreak of measles in Plovdiv and the region in 2010 once again put reasonable challenges of organizational, financial, legal and social-legal aspect to epidemiologists and infectious diseases in particular and the healthcare system in the country as a whole.
T224 266020-266455 Sentence denotes The neurological complications were rare − in analyzing study 0.36% with benign ending. to 18.8%) had antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, 21 (4.2%) (95% confidence interval 2.8% to 6.4%) were positive to hepatitis B surface antigen, 12 (2.4%) (95% confidence interval 1.8% to 2.6%) were antihepatitis C positive, 9 (1.8%) (95% confidence interval 0.9% to 2.8%) had antibody to hepatitis D and 0 (0%) were positive to antibody to HIV.
T225 266456-266468 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T226 266469-266627 Sentence denotes Although this population theoretically had a low risk for HBV, HCV and HDV infection, these results are higher than expected in accordance with the age range.
T227 266628-266679 Sentence denotes It has not been found any recruits positive to HIV.
T228 266680-266805 Sentence denotes Based on the prevalence of serological markers we recommend vaccination against HBV infection after prevaccination screening.
T229 266806-266817 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T230 266818-266980 Sentence denotes To determine the prevalence and predictors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and associated risk factors for this infection among inmates of Bulgarian prisons.
T231 266981-267151 Sentence denotes This study was carried out in 2009, among inmates of the fifth biggest Bulgarian prisons (men n = 367 and women n = 131) and a juvenile correctional institution (n = 86).
T232 267152-267388 Sentence denotes Anonymous cross-sectional data was collected from prisoners who agreed to participate in the study and who were interviewed using a standard questionnaire including demographic, imprisonment history and HCV related risk behaviors items.
T233 267389-267487 Sentence denotes Thereafter, the blood drawn from the participants were tested for anti-HCV antibodies and HCV-RNA.
T234 267488-267721 Sentence denotes Discarded serum samples were tested also for a presence of hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis D antibodies (anti-HDV) and antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV Objectives:
T235 267722-267811 Sentence denotes Shigatoxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are an important cause of foodborne disease.
T236 267812-267953 Sentence denotes It is transmitted to humans primarily through consumption of contaminated food, such as raw or undercooked ground meat products and raw milk.
T237 267954-268015 Sentence denotes We report on the first occurrence of STEC O174:H2 in Austria.
T238 268016-268024 Sentence denotes Methods:
T239 268025-268150 Sentence denotes Biochemical identification, serotyping and virulence testing were done at the National Reference Centre for Escherichia coli.
T240 268151-268264 Sentence denotes A descriptive investigation was performed in order to describe the outbreak and to identify the outbreak genesis.
T241 268265-268306 Sentence denotes The outbreak involved 7 persons (6 male).
T242 268307-268484 Sentence denotes The index isolate was from a 46 year old, previously healthy male, who had a fecal specimen taken under intensive care for haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) on April 13 in Graz.
T243 268485-268675 Sentence denotes The second isolate was from a 46 year old Tyrolean patient (specimen received on April 28); this patient suffered from discharge of slime and bowel irregularities, following watery diarrhea.
T244 268676-268761 Sentence denotes The patient attended a book fair in Graz 5 days before onset of illness in Innsbruck.
T245 268762-268882 Sentence denotes He and two working colleagues consumed appetizers (bred with various handmade spreads) at some of the exhibition booths.
T246 268883-269003 Sentence denotes The two colleagues fell ill with diarrhea (one in Innsbruck, one in Munich, Germany) but had not stool specimens tested.
T247 269004-269090 Sentence denotes Another stool isolate (June 10) was from a 66 year old male treated for HUS in Vienna.
T248 269091-269238 Sentence denotes A fourth isolate was from this latter patient's wife (age 63), who developed bloody diarrhea three days after her husbands discharge from hospital.
T249 269239-269343 Sentence denotes A fifth stool isolate was from a 92 year old patient with diarrhea from Graz (specimen received May 12).
T250 269344-269443 Sentence denotes All five isolates were sorbitol-fermenting, positive for stx1, stx2 and hlyA, but negative for eae.
T251 269444-269717 Sentence denotes Analyses by PFGE using XbaI as restriction enzyme yielded patterns indistinguishable from each other, but clearly different from five other STEC O174:H2 provided by the German National Consulting Laboratory on HUS and 48 disease associated Austrian STEC isolates from 2010.
T252 269718-269729 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T253 269730-269871 Sentence denotes Our report emphasizes that stool samples from patients with HUS must be tested by other techniques than sole use of Sorbitol-MacConkey media.
T254 269872-270012 Sentence denotes Direct person-to-person transmission underlines the importance of instructing family members about the need for post-defecatory handwashing.
T255 270013-270189 Sentence denotes For five of the six remaining patients, consumption of an unidentified contaminated handmade spread produced and distributed in the Graz area is the likely source of infection.
T256 270190-270279 Sentence denotes The adherence ability, siderophores, amylase and caseinase were better expressed at 37ºC.
T257 270280-270509 Sentence denotes At 0% NaCl only amylase and siderophores, at 2% and 3% NaCl the amylase was better expressed and at 6% NaCl, siderophores and caseinase showed the best expression, thereafter, the VF expression gradually decreasing till 10% NaCl.
T258 270510-270573 Sentence denotes The adherence to HeLa cells was decreased by higher salinities.
T259 270574-270653 Sentence denotes The tested strains proved high resistance to a broad range of pH from 5 to 9.6.
T260 270654-270737 Sentence denotes The amylase and caseinase were better expressed at pH 9.6 and siderophores at pH 7.
T261 270738-270827 Sentence denotes The higher glucose concentrations (3%) inhibited the expression of amylase and caseinase.
T262 270828-270898 Sentence denotes The incubation conditions exhibited no influence on the VF expression.
T263 270899-271003 Sentence denotes The molecular detection of VF genes evidenced the Ecp/dA in 82% and EchelD in 85% of the tested strains.
T264 271004-271243 Sentence denotes The densitometric analysis of the electrophoretic bands obtained in multiplex PCR showed different intensities, suggesting that, in a number of cases, the lipase or DN-ase genes could be lost in a great percent in the bacterial population.
T265 271244-271255 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T266 271256-271556 Sentence denotes Our results proved the high adaptation ability of aquatic enterobacterial strains to different stress conditions and the expression of virulence determinants even in limiting environmental conditions, demonstrating the role of these parameters in the preservation of the virulence gene pool in water.
T267 271557-271567 Sentence denotes Objective:
T268 271568-271734 Sentence denotes Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) detection in both self obtained vaginal swabs (SVS) and first-catch urine (FCU) in two separate assays, results in the highest sensitivity.
T269 271735-271827 Sentence denotes In most laboratories however, onesample testing is performed for reasons of cost efficiency.
T270 271828-272050 Sentence denotes To further improve one-sample testing, we assessed the laboratory performance of three different testing approaches to find the most sensitive onesample test procedure: SVS versus FCU versus a combined specimen of FCU/SVS.
T271 272051-272059 Sentence denotes Methods:
T272 272060-272151 Sentence denotes All women visiting a STD clinic above the age of 16 were asked to participate in the study.
T273 272152-272215 Sentence denotes Each client was asked to take a FCU and a SVS with a dual swab.
T274 272216-272479 Sentence denotes The FCU, SVS and FCU/SVS combination were tested for CT by Strand Displacement Amplification assay (SDA) of Becton Dickinson (ProbeTec ET system, Maryland, USA) or Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) by Roche Diagnostics Inc. (Cobas Amplicor system, California, USA).
T275 272480-272647 Sentence denotes Clients with at least one out of three sample types (SVS, FCU, SVS/FCU combination) tested positive for CT by NAAT, were regarded as CT positive (comparison standard).
T276 272648-272656 Sentence denotes Results:
T277 272657-272727 Sentence denotes In total 791 females were included and CT prevalence was 12% (96/791).
T278 272728-272884 Sentence denotes The CT detection rate for SVS, FCU and SVS/FCU combination were 94%, 90% and 94%, respectively, if results of NAAT by SDA and by PCR were analyzed together.
T279 272885-272988 Sentence denotes The detection rate was not significantly different between any of the sample types, when tested solely.
T280 272989-273097 Sentence denotes Discordance in NAAT results within the different sample types was found in 16 out of 96 CT positive results.
T281 273098-273109 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T282 273110-273211 Sentence denotes Our results show that the detection rate of SVS/FCU combination is equal to that of FCU or SVS alone.
T283 273212-273267 Sentence denotes SVS is an acceptable and feasible specimen for females.
T284 273268-273433 Sentence denotes Moreover, SVS is the most costeffective sample type for a STD clinic population We can therefore conclude that SVS is the specimen of choice to detect CT in females.
T285 273434-273442 Sentence denotes Results:
T286 273443-273509 Sentence denotes Ten patients (8 men, 2 women) were included with matched controls.
T287 273510-273546 Sentence denotes The mean age was 49.8 (24−77) years.
T288 273547-273635 Sentence denotes IE (9/10) was the most common distant site infection, one patient developed spondylitis.
T289 273636-273841 Sentence denotes All patients had some predisposing condition for distant site infection: mitral valve insufficiency (5/10), bicuspid aortic valve (3/10), atrioventricular septal defect (1/10) and discus protrusion (1/10).
T290 273842-273963 Sentence denotes Five patients had had a preceding dental procedure, which in most cases was removal of dental plaque and calculus (4/10).
T291 273964-274032 Sentence denotes None of the patients received antibiotic prophylaxis preoperatively.
T292 274033-274165 Sentence denotes All ten patients had active oral infection foci, most often untreated periodontitis (5/10), likely to cause spontaneous bacteraemia.
T293 274166-274239 Sentence denotes Patients reported more childhood infections than the controls (p = 0.01).
T294 274240-274332 Sentence denotes WBC counts (10(3)/mL) on admission were median 8.0 (4.5-10.6) and at maximum 9.9 (5.5-33.6).
T295 274333-274366 Sentence denotes LOS was 27 days in median (9−75).
T296 274367-274378 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T297 274379-274501 Sentence denotes Patients with predisposing medical conditions seem to be more susceptible for distant site infections caused by S. mutans.
T298 274502-274589 Sentence denotes The major predisposing factor in our study material was cardiac structural abnormality.
T299 274590-274663 Sentence denotes All these patients subsequently developed IE as a distant site infection.
T300 274664-274901 Sentence denotes The results highlight the importance of oral health in patients with cardiac abnormalities and support the use of antibiotic prophylaxis during dental care of oral infection foci in these patients, especially if colonised with S. mutans.
T301 274902-274913 Sentence denotes Background:
T302 274914-275019 Sentence denotes Antibiotic resistance is a term that is frequently used by clinicians in their discussions with patients.
T303 275020-275119 Sentence denotes However, patients and clinicians may not share the same assumptions about the meaning of this term.
T304 275120-275130 Sentence denotes Objective:
T305 275131-275298 Sentence denotes We aimed to explore patients' interpretations of the term 'antibiotic resistance' and to consider the implications for strategies to reduce the overuse of antibiotics.
T306 275299-275306 Sentence denotes Design:
T307 275307-275335 Sentence denotes Qualitative interview study.
T308 275336-275349 Sentence denotes Participants:
T309 275350-275505 Sentence denotes 121 adult patients from nine European cities who had recently consulted a primary care clinician with symptoms of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI).
T310 275506-275515 Sentence denotes Approach:
T311 275516-275605 Sentence denotes Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants following their consultation.
T312 275606-275646 Sentence denotes Data were subject to Framework Analysis.
T313 275647-275849 Sentence denotes The dominant theme in all networks was that antibiotic resistance arose from having or developing a 'resistant body', where the barrier to antibiotic effectiveness was individual loss of responsiveness.
T314 275850-275947 Sentence denotes Less commonly, patients correctly conceptualised antibiotic resistance as a property of bacteria.
T315 275948-276133 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, the over-use of antibiotics was a strong central concept in almost all patients' explanations, whether they viewed resistance as located in either the body or in bacteria.
T316 276134-276220 Sentence denotes Most patients were aware of the link between antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance.
T317 276221-276658 Sentence denotes The identification of the misinterpretation of antibiotic resistance as being located in the body could lead to clinician-patient discussions and public health interventions which are much clearer about the location and mechanism of antibiotic resistance, explaining the transferability and societal relevance rather than focusing on individualised risk, thereby emphasising the public health argument for the prudent use of antibiotics.
T318 276659-276670 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T319 276671-276924 Sentence denotes Diarrhoea remains one of the main sources of morbidity and mortality in the world and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) have been increasingly recognized as an emerging pathogen, causing diarrhoea in both developing and industrialized countries.
T320 276925-277105 Sentence denotes In Romania, the real contribution of EAEC to diarrhoea disease burden is not known because of the lack of routine EAEC detection protocols in clinical microbiological laboratories.
T321 277106-277245 Sentence denotes The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of faecal carriage of EAEC in Romanian children with sporadic acute diarrhoea.
T322 277246-277585 Sentence denotes Methods: E. coli isolates originating in stool samples, collected during diarrheal episodes from 477 children, under five years of age, previously found negative for enteric pathogens such as Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter spp. and other diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes, were included in the study.
T323 277586-277736 Sentence denotes From each specimen, one biochemically confirmed E. coli isolate was screened by PCR for the presence of EAEC-associated genes aat, aggR, aap and astA.
T324 277737-277903 Sentence denotes EAEC isolates were evaluated, using a PCR-based protocol, for their phylogenetic background and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by the disk diffusion methods.
T325 277904-278023 Sentence denotes The molecular approach revealed that 41 (8.6%) E. coli isolates carried at least two of EAEC-associated genes targeted.
T326 278024-278104 Sentence denotes The most frequently detected genes were aat (40 isolates) and aap (38 isolates).
T327 278105-278174 Sentence denotes Twenty-nine isolates harboured concurrently aat, aggR, and aap genes.
T328 278175-278219 Sentence denotes Almost half of these carried also astA gene.
T329 278220-278381 Sentence denotes Most of the EAEC isolates derived from phylogenetic group A (29 isolates), while the rest belonged to groups B2 (6 isolates), D (4 isolates) and B1 (2 isolates).
T330 278382-278489 Sentence denotes Twenty-four EAEC isolates expressed resistance, of which five were extended-spectrum b-lactamase producers.
T331 278490-278541 Sentence denotes All EAEC isolates were fluoroquinolone susceptible.
T332 278542-278659 Sentence denotes This study revealed that EAEC pathotype might be a significant cause of sporadic diarrhoea among children in Romania.
T333 278660-278775 Sentence denotes Our results provide additional support for the reconsideration of the local diagnostic and surveillance strategies.
T334 278776-278778 Sentence denotes M.
T335 278779-278792 Sentence denotes Halánová*, L.
T336 278793-278806 Sentence denotes Cisláková, P.
T337 278807-278816 Sentence denotes Juriš, I.
T338 278817-278829 Sentence denotes Papajová, P.
T339 278830-278842 Sentence denotes Jarcuška, P.
T340 278843-278867 Sentence denotes Rudohradská (Košice, SK)
T341 278868-278975 Sentence denotes Material dimension of poverty in Roma national minority is particularly noticeable in the sphere of living.
T342 278976-279417 Sentence denotes Especially, in the segregated settlements with illegal huts (mostly built of wood, iron waste, flat metal stock and other materials obtained from waste dumps or surrounding countryside), devastated environment and with no access to basic infrastructure such as electricity, tap water (they mostly use water wells or streams), sewerage system and waste disposal what in many cases has influence on bad health status and troubles with hygiene.
T343 279418-279554 Sentence denotes According to the Office of Government Plenipotentiary for Roma issue in Slovakia there is approximately 680 Roma settlements at present.
T344 279555-279643 Sentence denotes These are often located in rural communities without the necessary basic infrastructure.
T345 279644-279851 Sentence denotes According to several studies in many settlements, which are often built on loose soils are lacking in their drinking water, sewage, waste pits and landfills, sanitary facilities and lack of garbage disposal.
T346 279852-279992 Sentence denotes The settlements are concentrated in a small area with a large number of people (about 500 000 people) whose health status is unsatisfactory.
T347 279994-279998 Sentence denotes Aim:
T348 279999-280200 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to describe and to categorize different clinical pictures of patients with neurobrucellosis in our clinic, and to present demographical and laboratory data about the patients.
T349 280201-280222 Sentence denotes Material and Methods:
T350 280223-280360 Sentence denotes Hospital records, between 2003 and 2009, of about 430 patients with brucellosis were followed and retrospectively reviewed in our clinic.
T351 280361-280369 Sentence denotes Results:
T352 280370-280422 Sentence denotes Out of 430 patients, 19 (4.4%) had neurobrucellosis.
T353 280423-280471 Sentence denotes These patients were classified into four groups:
T354 280472-280829 Sentence denotes Meningitis group (n = 14; 13 cases of subacute-chronic meningitis and one case of acute meningitis), Encephalomyelitis group (n = 3; one case of meningoencephalomyelitis, one case of cerebellar abscess, and one case of transverse myelitis), Polyradicular group (n = 1; one case of Miller Fisher Syndrome), and others (n = 1; one case of intradural abscess).
T355 280830-280948 Sentence denotes Ten patients (52.6%) were female, and nine patients (47.4%) were male and the mean age of the patients was 48.8 years.
T356 280949-281080 Sentence denotes About 47.4% of the patients had fever, 26% of the patients had neck stiffness, and 5% of the patients were in an unconscious state.
T357 281081-281135 Sentence denotes Out of 19 patients, 18 underwent lumbar puncture (LP).
T358 281136-281301 Sentence denotes According to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses, the mean leukocyte count was 113/mm3, the mean glucose level was 45 mg/dl, and the mean protein level was 123 mg/dl.
T359 281302-281387 Sentence denotes Standard tube agglutination test showed brucellosis in all patients who underwent LP.
T360 281388-281479 Sentence denotes Microorganisms were detected in four patient's blood culture and one patient's CSF culture.
T361 281480-281532 Sentence denotes There were cranial nerve involvements in five cases.
T362 281533-281591 Sentence denotes The most frequent was the sixth cranial nerve involvement.
T363 281592-281739 Sentence denotes Out of 19 patients, 3 recovered with sequels (paraparesis, hearing loss, dementia, and sphincter dysfunction) and 16 patients recovered completely.
T364 281740-281751 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T365 281752-281886 Sentence denotes Although neurobrucellosis is most frequently accompanied by subacute-chronic meningitis, it may have many different clinical pictures.
T366 281887-282017 Sentence denotes The classical triad of meningitis (fever, neck stiffness, and unconscious state) is rarely seen in brucellosis-related meningitis.
T367 282018-282144 Sentence denotes Brucellosis should be kept in mind in patients with unexplained neurological findings in regions where brucellosis is endemic.
T368 282145-282293 Sentence denotes In addition, a classification of brucellosis, which reflects locations of nervous system involvement, clinical picture, and pathogenesis, is needed.
T369 282294-282305 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T370 282306-282407 Sentence denotes Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection of the oral cavity and it is common among the elderly.
T371 282408-282589 Sentence denotes This study was carried out in order to evaluate colonization of the oral cavity with Candida species and oral candidiasis in the institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly.
T372 282590-282598 Sentence denotes Methods:
T373 282599-282810 Sentence denotes A total of 341 elderly were included, 280 institutionalized elderly in nursing home (134 males, 146 females, mean age 72.68±8.43) and 61 non-institutionalized elderly (23 males, 38 females, mean age 70.39±6.16).
T374 282811-282997 Sentence denotes Specimens were isolated from oral cavity with sterile swabs (Copan, Zagreb, Croatia) from the surface of oral mucosa and were inoculated on a isolation medium, Sabouraud's dextrose agar.
T375 282998-283043 Sentence denotes Cultures were incubated at 37ºC for 48 hours.
T376 283044-283117 Sentence denotes In cases of no growth, the plates were considered negative and discarded.
T377 283118-283165 Sentence denotes The count of colony-forming units was recorded.
T378 283166-283304 Sentence denotes Oral cavity is considered colonized with Candida spp. in the case of positive microbiological analysis and normal oral mucosal appearance.
T379 283305-283553 Sentence denotes The diagnosis of oral candidiasis was established by taking account of the clinical appearance (pseudomembranous candidiasis, erythematous candidiasis, denture-related stomatitis or candida-associated lesions) and positive microbiological analysis.
T380 283554-283646 Sentence denotes The diagnosis was made according to the number of the colonies described by Budtz-Jorgensen.
T381 283647-283655 Sentence denotes Results:
T382 283656-283749 Sentence denotes Altogether, 68.92% of institutionalized elderly in our study were colonized with Candida spp.
T383 283750-283858 Sentence denotes This result was statistically different compared with the non-institutionalized elderly (50.81%; p < 0.001).
T384 283859-284113 Sentence denotes The results of our investigation also showed an increased number of the institutionalized elderly with oral candidiasis compare with the noninstitutionalized ones (17.14% for institutionalized elderly; 9.83% for non-institutionalized elderly; p = 0.035).
T385 284114-284125 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T386 284126-284337 Sentence denotes Results of this study showed a higher prevalence of colonization of the oral cavity with Candida spp., as well as oral candidiasis in the institutionalized elderly compared with the noninstitutionalized elderly.
T387 284338-284401 Sentence denotes Four patients had the diagnosis other than infectious diseases.
T388 284402-284723 Sentence denotes The duration for the definite diagnosis beginning from the initial symptoms was varied from longer than 4 weeks (n:16) to less than 7 days (n:57) The mean hospitalization day was 9.5 days (5−26 days) Following the consultations, 15 patients were transferred to other departments for the need of other disciplines support.
T389 284724-284780 Sentence denotes Nine of the patients (5 were in other departments) died.
T390 284781-284964 Sentence denotes As the atypical presentations of infectious diseases are very common in elderly patients, the most important problems are delayed or missed diagnosis and long hospitalization periods.
T391 284965-285142 Sentence denotes Data reveals that neither the lack of fever directs the diagnosis to non-infectious disease nor the unconsciousness is the constant symptom of CNS infection in elderly patients.
T392 285143-285232 Sentence denotes Detailed investigation of differential diagnosis is very important in geriatric patients.
T393 285234-285245 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T394 285246-285475 Sentence denotes The main aim of the study is to evaluate the role of microbial air contamination on the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) in hip and knee arthroprosthesis controlling for adherence to guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis.
T395 285476-285571 Sentence denotes The project has been funded by the Italian CCM (Centro Controllo Malattie, Ministry of Health).
T396 285572-285580 Sentence denotes Methods:
T397 285581-285641 Sentence denotes Hospitals were invited to join the project by GISIO members.
T398 285642-285726 Sentence denotes SSI surveillance was conducted according to the HELICS protocol (version 9.1, 2004).
T399 285727-286026 Sentence denotes Microbial air contamination was evaluated at the patient area, once at rest and during each operation, by passive sampling to determine the Index of microbial air contamination (IMA) (Pasquarella et al., 2000) and in some cases also by active sampling to determine the colony forming units (cfu)/m3.
T400 286027-286160 Sentence denotes Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis refers to a very brief course of an antimicrobial agent initiated just before an operation begins.
T401 286161-286245 Sentence denotes A web-based data collection procedure was adopted using three electronic data forms.
T402 286246-286379 Sentence denotes The two years project started in July 2010, preceded by a three-month pilot study to assess the overall feasibility of the programme.
T403 286380-286452 Sentence denotes The project has included so far 8 Hospitals and 20 operating rooms (OR).
T404 286453-286601 Sentence denotes According to the OR ventilation system in place, 76.5% of OR were with unidirectional airflow, 6.0% with turbulent air ventilation, and 17.6% mixed.
T405 286602-286715 Sentence denotes A total of 289 surgical procedures, 67.0% hip and 33.0% knee arthroprosthesis, were included until December 2010.
T406 286716-286809 Sentence denotes Mean duration of operations was 93 minutes for hip and 117 minutes for knee arthroprosthesis.
T407 286810-287007 Sentence denotes IMA values in OR at rest were as follows: range = 0−8, mean±SD = 0.8±2.1, median = 0; during surgical procedures the following values were registered: range = 0-156, mean±SD = 7.2±14.7, median = 3.
T408 287008-287069 Sentence denotes A total of 99.6% of patients received antibiotic prophylaxis:
T409 287070-287149 Sentence denotes 30−60 minutes (36.7%), 1−2 hours (18.5%) and >2 hours (44.8%), before incision.
T410 287150-287271 Sentence denotes The most frequently administered antimicrobial agents were cefazolin (44.7%), tobramycin (29.1%) and teicoplanin (19.6%).
T411 287272-287571 Sentence denotes Although one year of follow-up after implant is requested for SSIs surveillance, the study has depicted the epidemiological scenario in which a complex network of risk factors for SSIs is embedded, already highlighting potential areas for improvement both for air quality and antibiotic prophylaxis.
T412 287572-287654 Sentence denotes Brucellosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by intracellular bacteria.
T413 287655-287718 Sentence denotes It is an endemic disease in Mediterranean countries and Turkey.
T414 287719-287834 Sentence denotes Brucellosis shows the involvement of many systems and it seems to be responsible for the high incidence of relapse.
T415 287836-287945 Sentence denotes We identified 14 studies (2 RCTs, 8 case series and 4 case reports) as eligible for inclusion in this review.
T416 287946-288183 Sentence denotes In 7 studies, boric acid was compared either with nystatin, or azoles (terconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, buconazole and miconazole), while as monotherapy boric acid was studied in 7 studies.
T417 288184-288271 Sentence denotes The mycological cure rates varied from 40% to 100% in patients treated with boric acid.
T418 288272-288404 Sentence denotes Four of the 9 included case series reported statistically significant outcomes regarding cure (both mycological and clinical) rates.
T419 288405-288498 Sentence denotes None of the included studies reported statistical significant difference in recurrence rates.
T420 288499-288685 Sentence denotes Regarding the adverse effects caused by boric acid use, vaginal burning sensation (<10% of the cases), water discharge during treatment and vaginal erythema were identified in 7 studies.
T421 288686-288697 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T422 288698-288950 Sentence denotes Our findings suggest that boric acid is a safe, alternative, economic option for women with recurrent and chronic symptoms of vaginitis when conventional treatment fails due to the involvement of non-albicans Candida species or azole-resistant strains.
T423 288951-288962 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T424 288963-289106 Sentence denotes The objective of the present survey was the study of Yersinia enterocolitica infestation in drinking and surface waters in Northwestern Greece.
T425 289107-289115 Sentence denotes Methods:
T426 289116-289260 Sentence denotes Over a period of 12 months (November 2008-October 2009) a total number of 180 water samples were examined for the presence of Y. enterocolitica.
T427 289261-289353 Sentence denotes The water samples were collected from the area of Epirus (Northwestern Greece) and included:
T428 289354-289440 Sentence denotes 60 samples of drinking water, 60 samples of lake water and 60 samples of marine water.
T429 289441-289882 Sentence denotes The drinking water samples were tap-water collected from houses from three different municipalities of the area, the lake water samples were collected from two lakes (Pamvotis and Voulkaria) representing two different ecosystems (polluted/urban and rural/unpolluted) both used for recreational activities and the marine water samples were collected from five different point sources of Ionian Sea, including areas of recreational activities.
T430 289883-290109 Sentence denotes The APHA/AWWA, Standard Methods for the examination of water and waste water were employed for the detection of Y. enterocolitica and other bacterial indicators (total microbial flora, coliforms, fecal coliforms, enterococci).
T431 290110-290213 Sentence denotes Results: Y. enterocolitica was isolated from two samples of marine water and two samples of lake water.
T432 290214-290334 Sentence denotes The positive samples were isolated from the most polluted aquatic environments (the urban lake and the Amvrakikos Golf).
T433 290335-290468 Sentence denotes The isolation of Y. enterocolitica coincided with increased numbers of total coliforms ( 2500 cfu/ml) and enterococci ( 2000 cfu/ml).
T434 290469-290544 Sentence denotes No Y. enterocolitica strains were isolated from the drinking water samples.
T435 290545-290556 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T436 290557-290823 Sentence denotes The findings of the present survey underline the presence of Y. enterocolitica in marine and lake water as an indicator of microbiological pollution and a potential threat for public health if the contaminated aquatic environment is used for recreational activities.
T437 290824-290964 Sentence denotes Also, the absence of Y. enterocolitica in the drinking water samples of the examined area proves the efficacy of the chlorination practices.
T438 290965-290976 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T439 290977-291212 Sentence denotes The aim of the present study is to report the event of tick invasion in the premises of the blood transfusion unit (BTU) of a General Hospital following the unusual climatic conditions of spring and summer 2010 in North-western Greece.
T440 291213-291221 Sentence denotes Methods:
T441 291222-291477 Sentence denotes During the first week of July 2010, large numbers of ticks appeared in the external and internal walls and inside the premises of the BTU of the "Hatzikosta" General Hospital of Ioannina, causing uneasiness to the unit's medical and paramedical personnel.
T442 291478-291619 Sentence denotes The BTU is located next to the Microbiology and the Clinical Biochemistry Laboratories and above and below the BTU there are various Clinics.
T443 291620-291754 Sentence denotes None of the surrounding laboratories and clinics reported any appearance of any ticks, which was also confirmed by in situ Inspection.
T444 291755-291905 Sentence denotes Inspection of external walls of the BTU building revealed large numbers of ticks, the presence of a number of bird nests and many cracks on the walls.
T445 291906-291914 Sentence denotes Results:
T446 291915-292048 Sentence denotes The tick specimen collected by the Microbiology Department of the Medical School of Ioannina were identified to belong to Ixodes spp.
T447 292049-292244 Sentence denotes The Greek Ornithological society was called and there were identified 80 nests of swallows belonging mostly to the species Delichon urbica, on the BTU building and surrounding hospital buildings.
T448 292245-292526 Sentence denotes The swallow species Delichon urbica is host of haematophagous ticks belonging to the family of Ixodidae and apparently the nests were the source of the ticks, which astonishingly enough, were moving only towards and into the BTU premises and nowhere else in the Hospital buildings.
T449 292527-292647 Sentence denotes The swallow nests have been on the hospital buildings for years and were re-visited every spring by their bird habitats.
T450 292648-292817 Sentence denotes However, the 2010 appearance of large numbers of ticks is correlated with the earlier spring with high temperatures and heavy rainfalls continued through middle of July.
T451 292818-293001 Sentence denotes The favorable weather conditions worked well with the cracks on the old building walls resulting in the multiplication and establishment of the ticks on the hospital walls of the BTU.
T452 293002-293010 Sentence denotes Purpose:
T453 293011-293177 Sentence denotes This study has been planned to indicate the clinical course and termination of brucellosis in our region during the recent years, and to compare it to the literature.
T1 293178-293352 Sentence denotes The study has been based on a review of the medical records of adult patients older than 14 years, followed with the diagnosis of brucellosis from March 1997 to October 2010.
T2 293353-293465 Sentence denotes The demographical data, disease diagnosis, course, treatment and termination data of the patients were recorded.
T3 293466-293474 Sentence denotes Results:
T4 293475-293568 Sentence denotes 317 patients, including 136 males (43%) with average age 40±17 were included in the analysis.
T5 293569-293725 Sentence denotes There was a statistically significant relationship between advanced age and development of spondylitis and arthritis (respectively p = 0.000 and p = 0.028).
T6 293726-293904 Sentence denotes Besides, the frequency of splenomegaly and neurobrucellosis among the young population was found high, which was statistically significant (respectively p = 0.005 and p = 0.001).
T7 293905-293993 Sentence denotes In cases of spondylitis, the most common (~85%) involvement was of the lumbar vertebrae.
T8 293994-294161 Sentence denotes Also there was a statistically significant relationship between high ESR and spondylitis, sacroilliitis and visceral abscess (p = 0,001, 0,013 and 0,049 respectively).
T9 294162-294296 Sentence denotes The study is sad to see that there haven't been any significant changes in the frequency of the disease and its complications in time.
T10 294297-294470 Sentence denotes Osteoarticular involvement, and particularly the presence of spondylitis should be searched, and the advanced aged patients should be meticulously scanned for complications.
T11 294471-294572 Sentence denotes Laboratory parameters, patient's age and duration of symptoms may help to identify complicated cases.
T12 294573-294690 Sentence denotes From arthropod-borne infections it has been confirmed cases of Lyme disease, Mediterranean spotted fever and Q-fever.
T13 294691-294838 Sentence denotes Thirty two EUFOR soldiers were tested positive to brucellosis and four confirmed cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome have been reported.
T14 294839-294980 Sentence denotes There were a few cases of sexually transmitted diseases and viral hepatitis C but they were not a significant problem during this deployment.
T15 294981-295238 Sentence denotes The incidence rate of infectious diseases, during this conflict was relatively low because of combination of factors: the presence of a comprehensive infrastructure of medical care, extensive preventive medicine efforts and several fortuitous circumstances.
T16 295239-295380 Sentence denotes Nevertheless EUFOR military personnel, because of crowding and unique stressors, were subject to respiratory and diarrheal disease outbreaks.
T17 295381-295521 Sentence denotes A few diseases (brucellosis, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and Q-fever) caused by potential biological weapon agents were prevalent.
T18 295522-295533 Sentence denotes Background:
T19 295534-295715 Sentence denotes Campylobacter has been recognised as a causative agent of bacterial infectious diarrhoea and remains one of the most prevalent bacterial enteropathogens in the industrial countries.
T20 295716-295771 Sentence denotes Campylobacter infection is generally foodborne disease.
T21 295772-295783 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T22 295784-295952 Sentence denotes The aim of this report is the study of Campylobacter cases recorded during the decade 2001-2010, as well as the susceptibility of Campylobacter isolates to antibiotics.
T23 295953-296034 Sentence denotes Also the frequency of the disease according to age, sex and season was estimated.
T24 296035-296043 Sentence denotes Methods:
T25 296044-296201 Sentence denotes A total of 898 Campylobacter strains were isolated from patients with acute gastroenteritis hospitalized in the Infectious Diseases Hospital of Thessaloniki.
T26 296202-296240 Sentence denotes The selective Skirrow medium was used.
T27 296241-296337 Sentence denotes Skirrow medium is blood agar infused with antibiotics: vancomycin, polymixin-B and trimethoprim.
T28 296338-296407 Sentence denotes The incubation was under microaerophilic conditions at 37ºC and 42ºC.
T29 296408-296538 Sentence denotes Following isolation on selective media, identification was carried out using the biochemical profile of each Campylobacter strain.
T30 296539-296772 Sentence denotes Furthermore, Campylobacter strains were tested for susceptibility to antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamicin, tobramycin, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, cotrimoxazole, erythromycin) using the Kirby-Bauer method.
T31 296773-296781 Sentence denotes Results:
T32 296782-296851 Sentence denotes Of the 898 strains, 846 (94.2%) were C. jejuni and 52 (5,8%) C. coli.
T33 296852-296938 Sentence denotes From the total strains, 521 (58%) were isolated from males and 377 (42%) from females.
T34 296939-297061 Sentence denotes Furthermore, 704 strains (78,4%) were isolated from children (47.4% under the age of 2 years) and 194 (21.6%) from adults.
T35 297062-297129 Sentence denotes In addition, leucocytes were found in 34.4% of the stool specimens.
T36 297130-297241 Sentence denotes The peak of Campylobacter infection in the study was in the spring months (31.4%) and in the summer months (28.
T37 297242-297247 Sentence denotes 5% ).
T38 297248-297436 Sentence denotes An increase in fluoroquinolones and co-trimoxazole resistance (nalidixic acid 23.9%, ciprofloxacin 12% and cotrimoxazole 47.7% respectively) among Campylobacter isolates has been observed.
T39 297437-297516 Sentence denotes Erythromycin (macrolides) is considered the drug of choice with low resistance.
T40 297517-297529 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T41 297530-297625 Sentence denotes Campylobacter is a major cause of bacterial enteritis, following Salmonella in Northern Greece.
T42 297626-297665 Sentence denotes Most frequently isolated was C. jejuni.
T43 297666-297742 Sentence denotes Age specific infection rate was highest in children less than two years old.
T44 297743-297822 Sentence denotes Campylobacteriosis occurs much more frequently in the spring and summer months.
T45 297823-297912 Sentence denotes Erythromycin is still an effective antibiotic for the therapy of Campylobacter infection.
T46 297913-297924 Sentence denotes Background:
T47 297925-298085 Sentence denotes The association between Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemia subjects in the absence of other conventional risk factors is unclear.
T48 298086-298325 Sentence denotes This study was done to determine whether C. pneumoniae seropositivity is associated with increase in intima media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery, hs-C reactive protein (CRP) and oxidant stress in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia.
T49 298326-298334 Sentence denotes Methods:
T50 298335-298455 Sentence denotes Fifty-two hypercholesterolaemic subjects were recruited during health screening programmes organized by our institution.
T51 298456-298520 Sentence denotes Subject inclusion criteria include baseline LDL-c of 3.4 mmol/l.
T52 298521-298692 Sentence denotes Subjects with diabetes, hypertension, severe obesity, smoking, primary hypercholesterolemia and presence of acute inflammation (C-reactive protein 10 units) were excluded.
T53 298693-298767 Sentence denotes IgG and IgA to C. pneumoniae were measured by microimmunofluoresence test.
T54 298768-298827 Sentence denotes IgG titre 64 and IgA 16 were considered to be seropositive.
T55 298828-298979 Sentence denotes IMT of the far wall of carotid artery was measured by B-mode ultrasound. hs-CRP was measured by immunoturbidimetric method using an automated analyser.
T56 298980-299080 Sentence denotes Isoprostanes (an oxidative stress marker) was quantified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.
T57 299081-299089 Sentence denotes Results:
T58 299090-299183 Sentence denotes Seropositivity for C. pneumoniae was detected in 40.4% of the hypercholesterolaemic subjects.
T59 299184-299373 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference in the IMT in the hypercholesterolaemic subjects who were C. pneumoniae seropositive compared to the C. pneumoniae seronegative subjects (Mean IMT±SD mm:
T60 299374-299595 Sentence denotes 0.6±0.7mm vs. 0.6±0.6 mm, p > 0.05). hs-CRP did not show a statistically significant difference between C. pneumoniae seropositives and seronegatives individuals (Mean hs-CRP + SD mg/dl; 1.56±0.29 vs 1.85±0.35; p > 0.05).
T61 299596-299788 Sentence denotes By contrast, a significant difference was observed when comparing isoprostane, a marker for oxidative stress by serostatus to C. pneumoniae (Mean + SD pg/ml; 46.2±30.6 vs 37.7±20.4; p < 0.05).
T62 299789-299800 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T63 299801-300062 Sentence denotes Our data demonstrates that seropositivity to C. pneumoniae increases the oxidative stress but it is not associated with increase in carotid IMT or in hs-CRP in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia in the absence of other conventional cardiovascular risk factors.
T64 300063-300074 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T65 300075-300331 Sentence denotes The rapid and reliable identification of the three potentially toxigenic Corynebacterium species Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis is usually essential for diagnosis and treatment of diphtheria and diphtheria-like diseases.
T66 300332-300470 Sentence denotes Classical differentiation of suspected isolates is done by biochemical tests, which are time consuming and may often give unclear results.
T67 300471-300718 Sentence denotes Recently, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) was shown to allow identification of isolated microorganisms within 15 minutes and is therefore a fast alternative for species differentiation.
T68 300719-300727 Sentence denotes Methods:
T69 300728-300956 Sentence denotes We used matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization timeof-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in comparison with classical microbiological (API Coryne) and molecular methods (rpoB sequencing) on 116 Corynebacterium strains.
T70 300957-300965 Sentence denotes Results:
T71 300966-301170 Sentence denotes All 90 potentially toxigenic Corynebacterium spp. strains collected by the German National Consiliary Laboratory on Diphtheria in a period of more than ten years were correctly identified by MALDI-TOF MS.
T72 301171-301289 Sentence denotes In 103/116 strains (88.8%) biochemical identification by API Coryne yielded identical results as rpoB gene sequencing.
T73 301290-301462 Sentence denotes Twelve strains showing unreliable or ambiguous API results were concordantly identified by rpoB sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS except for one isolate of C. tuberculostearicum.
T74 301463-301593 Sentence denotes In conclusion, 99.1% of the tested Corynebacteria were correctly identified by MALDI-TOF MS when compared to rpoB gene sequencing.
T75 301594-301760 Sentence denotes Moreover, both the positive and negative predictive values for identification of potentially toxigenic Corynebacterium species were 100% with MALDI-TOF, respectively.
T76 301761-301772 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T77 301773-301944 Sentence denotes In conclusion, species identification of potentially toxigenic Corynebacterium spp. can be accomplished by MALDI-TOF MS within 15 min. when applied to suspicious colonies.
T78 301945-302135 Sentence denotes In this scenario, MALDI-TOF MS technology might be used as a rapid screening method helping to decide whether suspicious colonies should be analyzed for the presence of tox by real time PCR.
T79 302136-302269 Sentence denotes We propose an algorithm for fast and reliable diagnosis of diphtheria incorporating MALDI-TOF MS, real-time tox PCR and Elek testing.
T80 302270-302397 Sentence denotes Scrub typhus, which is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is an acute febrile illness characterized by fever, rash, and myalgia.
T81 302398-302433 Sentence denotes Severe complications are very rare.
T82 302434-302632 Sentence denotes Recently, cases of scrub typhus with severe complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, acute renal failure, myocarditis and meningitis have been increasingly reported.
T83 302633-302708 Sentence denotes Fulminant myocarditis is characterized by critical illness at presentation.
T84 302709-302899 Sentence denotes However, if affected patients recover with pharmacologic therapy and mechanical circulatory support, they may have a better long-term prognosis than patients with other forms of myocarditis.
T85 302900-303056 Sentence denotes An adult patient with scrub typhus presented with normal EKG on admission and no hypotensive period, subsequently developed chest pain on 6 th hospital day.
T86 303057-303160 Sentence denotes T inversion of EKG and diffuse ventricular dyskinesia of echocardiography appeared on 6th hospital day.
T87 303161-303237 Sentence denotes We report a cases of acute fulminant myocarditis in adult with scrub typhus.
T88 303238-303298 Sentence denotes This complication led to severe cardiogenic shock and death.
T89 303299-303423 Sentence denotes Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a swine pathogen that is responsible for meningitis, septicemia, pneumonia and endocarditis.
T90 303424-303622 Sentence denotes Since the first case report of human infection in Denmark in 1968, human infection with S. suis has been reported in many countries and especially Southeast Asia because of its high density of pigs.
T91 303623-303706 Sentence denotes We report here on a patient with septic arthritis and bacteremia caused by S. suis.
T92 303707-303863 Sentence denotes To the best of our knowledge, a case in which S. suis is isolated from joint fluid is very rare and this is first case report of S. suis infection in Korea.
T93 303864-303954 Sentence denotes This organism was confirmed by phenotypic characterization and 16S rRNA sequence analysis.
T94 303955-304083 Sentence denotes An 81-year-old Korean female who presented with fever, arthralgia and headache was seen in a secondary referral center in Korea.
T95 304084-304318 Sentence denotes The aspirated joint fluid and the blood culture revealed growth of S. suis biotype 2, which was identified by the Vitek 2 GPI and API 20 Strep systems (bioMérieux, USA) and this organism was susceptible to penicillin-G and vancomycin.
T96 304319-304450 Sentence denotes The 16s rRNA sequences of the blood culture isolates showed 99% homology with those of the S. suis subsp. suis reported in GenBank.
T97 304451-304618 Sentence denotes Although her fever subsided and the subsequent blood and joint cultures were negative after antibiotic therapy, the swelling and pain in the left knee joint persisted.
T98 304619-304669 Sentence denotes She is planning to receive total knee replacement.
T99 304670-304681 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T100 304682-304790 Sentence denotes Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) is an infectious zoonotic disease present in Central Europe but rare in Italy.
T101 304791-304941 Sentence denotes Over the last 30 years a continuous increase in the disease morbidity was observed in the endemic countries, where about 13.000 cases occur each year.
T102 304942-304998 Sentence denotes We report the first paediatric cases described in Italy.
T103 304999-305012 Sentence denotes Case reports:
T104 305013-305019 Sentence denotes First:
T105 305020-305135 Sentence denotes A 7 year old boy came for a remarkable involvement of the Central Nervous System, 2 week after a flu-like syndrome.
T106 305136-305221 Sentence denotes Non tick-bites were reported, daily consumption of non-pasteurized milk was referred.
T107 305222-305355 Sentence denotes Lumbar puncture revealed clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with polymorphonuclear pleocytosis, glucose and protein content were normal.
T108 305356-305486 Sentence denotes The boy received treatment with dexamethasone, ceftriaxone, ampicillin and acyclovir, with regression of symptoms within 24 hours.
T109 305487-305603 Sentence denotes TBE specific serology in blood and CSF was positive while serology for Borrelia burgdorferi revealed past infection.
T110 305604-305646 Sentence denotes The diagnosis was a meningeal form of TBE.
T111 305647-305689 Sentence denotes The boy had a normal neurological outcome.
T112 305690-305697 Sentence denotes Second:
T113 305698-305839 Sentence denotes A 12 year old boy came for the onset of walking difficulties, myalgia, leg heaviness, fatigue and nausea, after 4 days of fever and headache.
T114 305840-305913 Sentence denotes To note the removal of two ticks on the day before the start of symptoms.
T115 305914-305990 Sentence denotes Clinically he presented only a slight instability in the march on his heels.
T116 305991-306133 Sentence denotes The blood examination revealed: leuconeutropenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated aminotransferase levels and significant creatine kinase increase.
T117 306134-306217 Sentence denotes Serology for common viruses and bacteria, also Borrelia burgdorferi, were negative.
T118 306218-306310 Sentence denotes A first TBE serology was positive only in IgM, after 15 days it was positive in IgM and IgG.
T119 306311-306393 Sentence denotes There was no need for any treatment because of spontaneous regression of symptoms.
T120 306394-306457 Sentence denotes We described the first pediatric TBE cases documented in Italy.
T121 306458-306778 Sentence denotes Generally the disease was transmitted by a tick of the genus Ixodes, even if there have already been described sporadic cases from non-pasteurized cow's milk, and it manifested by the typical diphasic febrile course (a flu-like syndrome in the first phase, involvement of the central nervous system in the second phase).
T122 306779-306886 Sentence denotes In our first case no tick bites were known, while the boy often fed nonpasteurized milk and dairy products.
T123 306887-307005 Sentence denotes The peculiarities of the second case was the short incubation period and the absence of the second phase of infection.
T124 307006-307153 Sentence denotes These show that in children it is impossible to define a single clinical picture that characterizes the TBE, because of its several clinical forms.
T125 307154-307165 Sentence denotes Background:
T126 307166-307327 Sentence denotes Clostridium sordellii (C. sordellii) is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacillus that has been reported as a rare cause of fatal toxic syndrome after medical abortion.
T127 307328-307418 Sentence denotes Portugal's legal therapeutic abortion, before 10 weeks of gestation, was approved in 2007.
T128 307419-307544 Sentence denotes We report a case of a young patient who underwent a medical induced abortion and died of a C. sordellii toxic shock syndrome.
T129 307545-307558 Sentence denotes Case summary:
T130 307559-307862 Sentence denotes A 16-year-old women who underwent a medically induced abortion by means of 200 mg of oral mifepristone followed by 800 mg of vaginal misoprostol, presented to the maternity hospital's emergency five days after receiving mifepristone, complaining of lipothimia in the night before and abdominal cramping.
T131 307863-307931 Sentence denotes On admission, she was conscient, afebrile and hypotense (76/35mmHg).
T132 307932-308149 Sentence denotes A few hours later she developed a rapid onset-sepsis with marked leukocitosis (83,400 white-cells/mL with 88% of neutrophils), hemoconcentration (hematocrit of 63.4%; hemoglobin of 21.2) and severe metabolic acidosis.
T133 308150-308262 Sentence denotes The patient underwent a hysterectomy and uterus biopsy cultures and anatomopathological analysis were requested.
T134 308263-308353 Sentence denotes Patient was transferred to intensive care unit and died 18h after presenting to emergency.
T135 308354-308481 Sentence denotes At the microbiology laboratory a direct examination by Gram-stain smear of the uterine biopsy showed large, Gram positive rods.
T136 308482-308588 Sentence denotes The biopsy was inoculated in appropriated agar plates mediums and incubated aerobically and anaerobically.
T137 308589-308851 Sentence denotes 48 h later only the anaerobic culture was positive and colonies were smeared by Gram stain (showing Gram positive rods) and a C. sordellii was identified by the semi-automated system, Vitek 2 (bioMerieux ® ) with an ANC card (Anaerobes and Corynebacterium card).
T138 308852-308863 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T139 308864-308922 Sentence denotes This was a fatal case of pos-abortion C. sordellii sepsis.
T140 308923-309006 Sentence denotes The distinctive clinical features developed are the same reported in other studies.
T141 309007-309118 Sentence denotes Gram staining of a uterine biopsy is a good and rapid mean of having a presumptive result and help to diagnose.
T142 309119-309372 Sentence denotes C. sordellii was identified through uterine biopsy cultures with a semi-automated system which is different from other studies that used anti-clostridium species immunochemical assay and PCR assays performed on formalin fixed uterine tissue pos-autopsy.
T143 309373-309384 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T144 309385-309539 Sentence denotes To improve diagnosis Gram staining and cultures of an endometrial biopsy specimen are a good approach to an earlier recognition of the disease's etiology.
T145 309540-309551 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T146 309552-309670 Sentence denotes The oropharyngeal form of tularemia is known to be common particularly in Eastern European countries including Turkey.
T147 309671-309772 Sentence denotes The aim of the study was to evaluate the patients with tularemia and to make a point for the disease.
T148 309773-309781 Sentence denotes Methods:
T149 309782-309943 Sentence denotes Between February and August 2010, five patients with unilateral cervical mass were admitted to our outpatient clinic with the preliminary diagnosis of tularemia.
T150 309944-310021 Sentence denotes The diagnosis of tularemia was confirmed by micro-agglutination test and PCR.
T151 310022-310030 Sentence denotes Results:
T152 310031-310130 Sentence denotes All of the patients had oropharyngeal tularemia with the suspicion of contaminated water ingestion.
T153 310131-310226 Sentence denotes Age of the patients ranged from 19−59, three of them were male (60%) and two were female (40%).
T154 310227-310592 Sentence denotes In initial stage of the disease, all the patients had general symptoms such as fever, headache, malaise and sore throat which lasted about two weeks, after that the general symptoms disappeared but the cervical lymph nodes started swelling in all patients. b-lactam antibiotics were administered to three of them in different centers before admission to our clinic.
T155 310593-310647 Sentence denotes However there wasn't any response to these treatments.
T156 310648-310756 Sentence denotes At admission unilateral cervical or submandibular lymphadenopathy and malaise were detected in all patients.
T157 310757-310831 Sentence denotes One patient (20%) had suppurative lymphadenitis with spontaneous drainage.
T158 310832-310949 Sentence denotes Leukocytosis was found in one patient (20%), elevated ESR in three (60%) and elevated CRP in three (60%) of patients.
T159 310950-311069 Sentence denotes Lymph node aspiration was performed when fluctuation was detected but F. tularensis could not be grown in the cultures.
T160 311070-311177 Sentence denotes However F. tularensis subsp. holarctica DNA was detected in four lymph nodes aspirates by conventional PCR.
T161 311178-311315 Sentence denotes Micro-agglutination test was positive in four patients (80%) with titres of 1/640 in three patients (60%) and 1/160 in one patient (20%).
T162 311316-311488 Sentence denotes The patients were treated with a streptomycin and doxycycline or a ciprofloxacin and doxycycline combination for a 2 weeks period due to a delay in initiation of treatment.
T163 311489-311636 Sentence denotes One patient was received a second coures of antibiotics because of insufficient response to first therapy and continuing suppurative lymphadenitis.
T164 311637-311673 Sentence denotes No severe complication was observed.
T165 311674-311685 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T166 311686-311963 Sentence denotes Tularemia should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of patients with fever, pharyngitis or tonsillitis and cervical lymphadenopathy, especially unresponsive to b-lactam antibiotics in the endemic regions and early treatment with proper antibiotics should be started.
T167 311964-312105 Sentence denotes This work evaluated the clinical and parasitic status of malaria as a cause of fever among patients admitted to the Military fever hospitals.
T168 312106-312340 Sentence denotes Thirty six patients were included twenty already diagnosed as malarial patients, who were recruited from Peace Keeping Mission Forces in Africa and sixteen cases presented with prolonged fever coming from different locations in Egypt.
T169 312341-312445 Sentence denotes The results showed that El-Gabal El-Ahmar area (Cairo) was the most extensively infested region (37.4%).
T170 312446-312598 Sentence denotes This might be due to change of its ecolo-gical pattern since the year 2003 and the environmental conditions favoured by breeding and flaring mosquitoes.
T171 312599-312774 Sentence denotes El-Sharkia and El-Fayoum Governorates (G.) were next in order (18.7%) and (12.5%) and this might be due to increased rural areas and agricultural projects and reestablishment.
T172 312775-312960 Sentence denotes Plasmodium vivax was the main species among locally acquired patients (81.25%), while the imported patients coming back to Egypt from Africa especially (Sudan) had P. falciparum (100%).
T173 312961-313097 Sentence denotes However, P. falciparum was also present in 6.2% of cases from El Fayoum Governorate while P. ovale and P. malariae were not encountered.
T174 313098-313273 Sentence denotes Of interest, was a case recruited from Ard-El-Golf, Heliopolis, an area with high social and hygienic standard, and the same condition applied to that from El-Nozha El-Gidida.
T175 313274-313455 Sentence denotes Such cases included the "runway" or "airport" malaria, in which local transmission of disease has been attributed to an infected mosquito that was transported on a long haul flight.
T176 313456-313576 Sentence denotes The two locally acquired cases were malaria positive by bone marrow smears and negative by peripheral blood examination.
T177 313577-313638 Sentence denotes However, the thick blood film was the most sensitive (97.2%).
T178 313639-313725 Sentence denotes The patients (75%) were clinically and parasit-ologically cured, but one patient died.
T179 313726-313860 Sentence denotes The best therapeutic response for locally acquired malaria infection was the monotherapy-based one such as Chloro-quine or Mefloquine.
T180 313861-313872 Sentence denotes Background:
T181 313873-314027 Sentence denotes Cat-scratch disease (CSD),caused by Bartonella henselae, is a benign, self-limiting disease in immunocompetent children with history of contact with cats.
T182 314028-314097 Sentence denotes The organism is commonly found in the blood of cats and other felids.
T183 314098-314220 Sentence denotes Classic presentation is tender and swollen regional lymph nodes with or without a papule at the site of initial infection.
T184 314221-314305 Sentence denotes In immunocompromised patients, however, more severe forms of presentation can occur.
T185 314306-314370 Sentence denotes Diagnosis is usually possible by serology and or histopathology.
T186 314371-314384 Sentence denotes Case summary:
T187 314385-314507 Sentence denotes An 14-year-old Kuwaiti girl, previously healthy, was admitted with fever, abdominal pain, nausea and generalized weakness.
T188 314508-314563 Sentence denotes She had arrived from a trip to Egypt five days earlier.
T189 314564-314633 Sentence denotes There was no history of diarrhea, vomiting, urinary symptoms or rash.
T190 314634-314746 Sentence denotes On Examination the patient looked ill & had an oral temperature of 40 ºC with abdominal tenderness and guarding.
T191 314747-314893 Sentence denotes Initial blood investigations showed a WBC of 14.1×10 9 , ESR 44 mm/h, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) 150 mg/l, urea 3.2 mmol/l and creatinine 39 umol/l.
T192 314894-314963 Sentence denotes Urinalysis showed presence of RBC & WBC but the culture was negative.
T193 314964-315034 Sentence denotes A diagnosis of appendicitis was made and appendicectomy was performed.
T194 315035-315099 Sentence denotes The patient, however, continued to run high grade fever (>40ºC).
T195 315100-315212 Sentence denotes Therapy with piperacillintazobactam (TAZ) and metronidazole was initiated but no clinical response was observed.
T196 315213-315310 Sentence denotes CT of the abdomen showed mesenteric and para-aortic lymphadenopathy and multiple splenic lesions.
T197 315311-315377 Sentence denotes A suspicion of enteric fever prompted changing TAZ to ceftriaxone.
T198 315378-315573 Sentence denotes Blood culture, brucella agglutination, T spot test, & Widal test were all negative. several antibiotic courses including anti-TB & anti-fungal were tried but none helped to improve her condition.
T199 315574-315722 Sentence denotes Finally, splenectomy and lymph node biopsy was done and the pathology report concluded multiple splenic granulomas with a picture suggestive of CSD.
T200 315723-315769 Sentence denotes Serology, however, proved negative (IFA titre:
T201 315770-315794 Sentence denotes IgG: <1:64; IgM: <1:20).
T202 315795-315900 Sentence denotes History of contact with cats in Egypt was elicited from the patient after pathology report was available.
T203 315901-315973 Sentence denotes There was a dramatic improvement in her condition following splenectomy.
T204 315974-316060 Sentence denotes To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of CSD being reported from Kuwait.
T205 316061-316193 Sentence denotes We recommend to consider CSD in the differential diagnosis in children presenting with PUO, lymphadenopathy and splenic involvement.
T206 316194-316340 Sentence denotes Despite several antibiotic courses, which included those recommended in CSD our patient showed defervescence only after splenectomy was performed.
T207 316341-316352 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T208 316353-316439 Sentence denotes Salmonella is one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne diseases worldwide.
T209 316440-316571 Sentence denotes Recently, S. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-emerged and is now among the most common serovars isolated from humans in many countries.
T210 316572-316661 Sentence denotes This serovar is considered a monophasic variant of serovar Typhimurium (4,[5] ,12:i:1,2).
T211 316662-316883 Sentence denotes In Greece, this monophasic serovar was firstly recorded in human isolates in 2007 (0.3% of total isolates), increased sharply the next two years and in 2010, it was the 3rd most frequent serotype (9.5% of total isolates).
T212 316884-316895 Sentence denotes In Results:
T213 316896-316920 Sentence denotes As shown in Table 1 : a.
T214 316921-316997 Sentence denotes Phage typing using the Typhimurium typing phages identified 5 different PTs.
T215 316998-317067 Sentence denotes The most commonly identified PTs were DT120 (62%) and DT193 (24%), b.
T216 317068-317244 Sentence denotes Eighty-six percent of the isolates expressed resistance to ampicillin, sulphonamides, streptomycine and tetracycline (R-type ASSuT) with or without additional resistance(s), c.
T217 317245-317294 Sentence denotes PFGE analysis identified 8 unique profiles (A-H).
T218 317295-317407 Sentence denotes Eighty-eight percent of strains were represented by three profiles (A,B,C) that shared more than 95% similarity.
T219 317408-317419 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T220 317420-317783 Sentence denotes Combining phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, the most frequent pattern (54%) appeared the one with phage type DT120, R-type ASSuT (plus additional resistances) and the closely related PFGE profiles (A,B,C), followed by the pattern (18%) with phage type DT193, R-type ASSuT (with or without additional resistances) and closely related PFGE profiles (A,B,C).
T221 317784-317955 Sentence denotes These results are consistent with the possible presence of two different clones of S. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-, that prevail in both human and pig isolates in Greece.
T222 317956-318018 Sentence denotes Similar data have been recorded in several European countries.
T223 318019-318030 Sentence denotes Background:
T224 318031-318187 Sentence denotes The use of implantable cardiac devices such as permanent pacemakers (PPMs) continues to increase, with infection complicating up to 10% of inserted devices.
T225 318188-318282 Sentence denotes Management of pacemaker endocarditis generally requires surgical removal of the entire system.
T226 318283-318385 Sentence denotes Brucella suis is an uncommon cause of endocarditis, not previously reported in association with a PPM.
T227 318386-318547 Sentence denotes An 81 year old gentleman from Inuvik (Nunavut, Canada) with a PPM for 4 years was evaluated for syncope at the University of Alberta Hospital (Edmonton, Canada).
T228 318548-318644 Sentence denotes Investigation revealed evidence of cardiac lead vegetations on a transesophageal echocardiogram.
T229 318645-318847 Sentence denotes Preoperative blood cultures and intraoperative cultures taken during laser lead extraction became positive for Brucella suis (with MICs of 0.25 mg/L to each of ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, and rifampin).
T230 318848-319017 Sentence denotes Upon further questioning, the patient a subacute history of constitutional symptoms, and reported hunting, skinning, and butchering Canadian caribou (Rangifer tarandus).
T231 319018-319118 Sentence denotes The patient's brother, a hunting partner, had been treated for B. suis infection 2 years previously.
T232 319119-319256 Sentence denotes Our patient was treated with laser lead extraction and combination oral antimicrobial therapy with doxycycline and rifampin for 3 months.
T233 319257-319296 Sentence denotes Follow up blood cultures were negative.
T234 319297-319308 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T235 319309-319376 Sentence denotes Brucella suis type 4 is a known pathogen of Canadian caribou herds.
T236 319377-319619 Sentence denotes It is hypothesised that cutaneous exposures when while skinning and butchering or ingestion of undercooked meat resulted in zoonotic transmission of the organism to our patient causing bacteraemia and secondary seeding of his pacemaker wires.
T237 319620-319721 Sentence denotes From our literature search, this is the first reported case of pacemaker endocarditis due to B. suis.
T238 319722-319945 Sentence denotes It is important that clinicians be aware of the possible zoonotic transmission of B. suis to patients exposed to caribou in the Canadian north and the risk of secondary infection of underlying foreign bodies (such as PPMs).
T239 319946-320080 Sentence denotes Clinicians are also reminded to alert microbiology labs if Brucella is a suspect pathogen, to allow appropriate biosafety precautions.
T240 320081-320244 Sentence denotes Neisseria meningitidis, an agent of bacterial meningitis is classified into 13 different serogroups based on immunologic reactivity of its capsular polysaccarides.
T241 320245-320313 Sentence denotes Serogroups A, B, C, W135 and Y are among the predominant serogroups.
T242 320314-320437 Sentence denotes In Turkey, A, B, and C serogroups of N. meningitidis are encountered as the most frequent cause of menigococcal meningitis.
T243 320438-320565 Sentence denotes A meningococcal vaccine containing serogroups A and C has been used to prevent recruits from this fatal disease till May, 2009.
T244 320566-320765 Sentence denotes From then on, administration of the quadrivalent vaccine consisting of "A+C+W135+Y" serogroups has been implemented because of the emergence of menigococcal meningitis cases caused by serogroup W135.
T245 320766-320945 Sentence denotes We present the first known menigococcal meningitis case caused by N. meningitidis serogroup X since the start of the quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine administration to recruits.
T246 320946-321118 Sentence denotes Serogroup X has emerged as a cause of meningococcal disease in a susceptible population because of suppression of other serogroups not included in the quadrivalent vaccine.
T247 321119-321378 Sentence denotes The results of mass vaccination campaigns have implied that the mass vaccination programs solely cannot prevent the disease totally and the improvement in environmental conditions especially in risky populations is also essential in prevention of the disease.
T248 321379-321390 Sentence denotes Background:
T249 321391-321478 Sentence denotes Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (AH) is an extremely rare cause of infective endocarditis.
T250 321479-321661 Sentence denotes We present here an unusual case of superinfection with AH in a primary Staphylococcus aureus (SA) mitral valve endocarditis in a Hepatitis B/C positive intravenous drug user [IVDU] .
T251 321662-321767 Sentence denotes After a protracted course (with multi-organ impairment) of 3-months the patient was successfully treated.
T252 321768-321779 Sentence denotes Case study:
T253 321780-321956 Sentence denotes A 29-year-old IVDU male was transferred from emergency unit of neighbouring hospital to intensive care of this hospital on February 4, with signs of severe sepsis and seizures.
T254 321957-322143 Sentence denotes CT head revealed small parietal bleed; lumbar puncture was non-conclusive and CTPA was negative for pulmonary embolism, but showed extensive non occlusive thrombus in superior vena cava.
T255 322144-322238 Sentence denotes Systolic murmur prompted trans-esophageal echo revealing mitral regurgitation with vegetation.
T256 322239-322391 Sentence denotes Following isolation of meticillin-sensitive SA grown from two sets of blood culture, the patients was treated with Flucloxacillin IV 1g q6h for 4-weeks.
T257 322392-322542 Sentence denotes After 3 weeks of satisfactory response, the patient started getting intermittent pyrexia, elevation of CRP and WCC; mild renal and hepatic impairment.
T258 322543-322659 Sentence denotes Blood culture with AH from single bottle was not considered significant and dose of Fluclox was increased to 2g q6h.
T259 322660-322802 Sentence denotes Further pyrexia, raised inflammatory markers and impairment of renal functions prompted biopsy revealing focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis.
T260 322803-323007 Sentence denotes Vibrio vulnificus is a human pathogen, frequently transmitted to humans via raw oysters and is isolated from the majority of raw oyster and shellfish harvested from subtropical areas during summer season.
T261 323008-323172 Sentence denotes A 73year-old woman with diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis presented to the emergency department with generalized edema for one month and mental change on a day.
T262 323173-323256 Sentence denotes She was diagnosed V. vulnificus septicemia and treated ceftazidime and doxicycline.
T263 323257-323344 Sentence denotes We also isolated V. vulnificus from sea water of outbreak sea and same season (summer).
T264 323345-323438 Sentence denotes V. vulnificus septicemia was emerged in Jeju island associated with climate change in island.
T265 323439-323598 Sentence denotes This is the first report about relationship between clinical and environmental isolates according to the climate or environmental change in Jeju island, Korea.
T266 323599-323777 Sentence denotes 21st ECCMID/27th ICC, Abstracts accepted for publication only observed a radiographic pattern of areas of consolidation often associated with patchy or interstitial infiltration.
T267 323778-323873 Sentence denotes In fatal cases we observed consolidation with airbronchogram and diffuse alveolar infiltration.
T268 323874-324052 Sentence denotes Extensive involvement of both lungs, presence of bilateral opacities, interstitial infiltration, lobar consolidation, and patchy infiltration were associated with poor prognosis.
T269 324053-324288 Sentence denotes Patients with abnormal CT findings had greater risk of intubation, ventilation, ICU admission and death than those with normal CT, but some patients with similar CT findings had various outcomes from improvement and discharge to death.
T270 324289-324300 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T271 324301-324576 Sentence denotes Chest CT findings may be significant in prediction of clinical outcome and management of the disease (e.g., initiation of antibiotics) in patients with influenza infection but CT findings alone does not exactly predict the outcome and other risk factors should be considered.
T272 324577-324588 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T273 324589-324685 Sentence denotes G glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme that is present in the cell membranes of many tissues.
T274 324686-324861 Sentence denotes High GGT level is used as a prognostic factor for alcoholic liver disease, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, liver cancer and liver metastasis of different cancers.
T275 324862-324943 Sentence denotes Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever has been emerging in Turkey for the last 8 years.
T276 324944-325128 Sentence denotes Elevation of alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino trasnsferase (AST) levels are used both severity criteria and prognostic factor for fatality in the management of CCHF.
T277 325129-325214 Sentence denotes However, we observed an association between GGT levels and the course of the disease.
T278 325215-325343 Sentence denotes In this study we aimed to figure out the relation between serum GGT levels and CCHF and its effect on survival, if there is any.
T279 325344-325352 Sentence denotes Methods:
T280 325353-325436 Sentence denotes Patients with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of CCHF were included in to the study.
T281 325437-325536 Sentence denotes Serum ALA, AST, gama glutamyl trasnferase (GGT) were retrospectively investigated from the records.
T282 325537-325652 Sentence denotes Two parameters were used for evaluation of relation between CCHF and GGT; serum GGT levels and serum AST-GGT ratio.
T283 325653-325766 Sentence denotes Because of AST elevation is a prominent feature of CCHF than ALT elevation, AST/GGT ratio was chosen as a marker.
T284 325767-325775 Sentence denotes Results:
T285 325776-325811 Sentence denotes Totally 126 patients were included.
T286 325812-325845 Sentence denotes Of total, 71 (56.3%) were female.
T287 325846-325888 Sentence denotes The mean age was 50.2 years (15−83 years).
T288 325889-325953 Sentence denotes The mean hospital stay of the patients was 7.5 days (1−28 days).
T289 325954-326022 Sentence denotes Remarkable laboratory findings were as follows (mean, min-max); WBC:
T290 326023-326043 Sentence denotes 2472/mm3 (500-8900).
T291 326044-326054 Sentence denotes Platelets:
T292 326055-326084 Sentence denotes 59000/mm3 (7000-361000), AST:
T293 326085-326130 Sentence denotes 291U/L (17-3060), ALT:133U/L (9-879) and GGT:
T294 326131-326146 Sentence denotes 91 U/L (6-759).
T295 326147-326324 Sentence denotes Comparing the serum levels of GGT between fatal and non fatal cases, mean GGT levels were statistically significantly higher in fatal cases on the 2nd and 3rd days of admission.
T296 326325-326398 Sentence denotes Serum AST levels were also found higher in those days in the fatal group.
T297 326399-326485 Sentence denotes The mean GGT level continued to increase during the course of the disease (Figure 1 ).
T298 326486-326598 Sentence denotes When AST/GGT ratio was investigated, the ratio was >1 in the first 7 days of admission but <1 after the 7th day.
T299 326599-326699 Sentence denotes Higher serum GGT level was the most prominent laboratory finding in all non fatal cases (Figure 2) .
T300 326700-326779 Sentence denotes A positive correlation was detected between higher AST/GGT ratio and mortality.
T301 326780-326791 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T302 326792-326853 Sentence denotes Serum GGT levels can be used as a prognostic factor for CCHF.
T303 326854-326955 Sentence denotes However an increase of GGT level during the recovery period of CCHF has not yet been fully explained.
T304 326956-327015 Sentence denotes Therefore more studies are needed in this area of research.
T305 327016-327027 Sentence denotes Background:
T306 327028-327097 Sentence denotes Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever is a serious viral hemorrhagic fever.
T307 327098-327156 Sentence denotes Immunopathogenesis of the disease is not clear enough yet.
T308 327157-327336 Sentence denotes Interleukin (IL)-12 is a pivotal cytokine that strongly stimulates Th1-associated cellular immunity, and activates humoral immunity to both T-dependent and T-independent antigens.
T309 327337-327540 Sentence denotes IL-12 has an immunoregulatory functions which may play a role in promoting endogenous protective responses during infections and/or contribute to pathology resulting from unregulated cytokine expression.
T310 327541-327718 Sentence denotes Pathogen induction of IL-12 elicits interferon-g production by natural killer cells, which contribute to early defense during certain bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections.
T311 327720-327722 Sentence denotes S.
T312 327723-327743 Sentence denotes Tschudin Sutter*, R.
T313 327744-327752 Sentence denotes Frei, M.
T314 327753-327763 Sentence denotes Dangel, D.
T315 327764-327782 Sentence denotes Goldenberger, A.F.
T316 327783-327813 Sentence denotes Widmer (Basel, CH) Objectives:
T317 327814-327985 Sentence denotes Actinobaculum schaalii is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic coccoid rod, classified as a new species in 1997, formerly belonging to the species of Actinomyces suis.
T318 327986-328091 Sentence denotes It grows slowly and therefore is easily overgrown by other bacteria, which are often found concomitantly.
T319 328092-328307 Sentence denotes Since 1999, Actinobaculum schaalii is routinely investigated at our hospital, whenever its presence is suspected due to the detection of minute grey colonies on blood agar plates and negative reactions for catalsae.
T320 328308-328471 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to determine the clinical significance of Actinobaculum schaalii, identified in our microbiology laboratory over the last 11 years.
T321 328472-328480 Sentence denotes Methods:
T322 328481-328702 Sentence denotes All consecutive isolates with Actinobaculum schaalii were obtained from the computerized database of the clinical microbiology laboratory and patients whose cultures from any body site yielded this pathogen were analyzed.
T323 328703-328850 Sentence denotes Observation of tiny colonies of Gram-positive, catalase-negative rods triggered molecular identification based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
T324 328851-329029 Sentence denotes An infectious diseases specialist reviewed the medical charts and collected data regarding underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, antibiotic therapy, and clinical outcome.
T325 329031-329033 Sentence denotes A.
T326 329034-329049 Sentence denotes Stavrianou*, V.
T327 329050-329062 Sentence denotes Kalogeri, E.
T328 329063-329073 Sentence denotes Koukou, A.
T329 329074-329084 Sentence denotes Tsipou, S.
T330 329085-329225 Sentence denotes Pagoni (Athens, GR) Objectives: BNP, PCT and CRP are well known indexes in critically ill patients such as those in sepsis and septic shock.
T331 329226-329401 Sentence denotes The Purpose of our study was to determine which of these markers's serum levels increase more in sepsis and if they can predict the outcome or be a valuable prognostic marker.
T332 329402-329535 Sentence denotes We retrospectively examined 114 patients with febrile bacterial infections admitted to our department over a period of 2 (two) years.
T333 329536-329588 Sentence denotes No one had a history of established cardiac failure.
T334 329589-329660 Sentence denotes The diagnostic of the sepsis was based on clinical and laboratory data.
T335 329661-329756 Sentence denotes We measured BNP, PCT and CRP in blood samples, taken the first 2 (two) days of hospitalization.
T336 329757-329814 Sentence denotes The outcome was determined as survivors and nonsurvivors.
T337 329815-329823 Sentence denotes Results:
T338 329824-329862 Sentence denotes We had 66 female and 48 male patients.
T339 329863-329940 Sentence denotes Among those patients, 68 were survivors (59,6%) and 46 (40,4%) non-survivors.
T340 329941-330069 Sentence denotes There was a significant increase of BNP levels in non-survivors patients (1027) vs. BNP levels in survivors patients (432, 55) .
T341 330070-330178 Sentence denotes Also the PCT mean levels were higher in the non-survivors's group (20,65) vs. the survivors's group (3, 6) .
T342 330179-330270 Sentence denotes Finally, the mean levels of CRP in survivors was 167,21 and in the non-survivors was 166,4.
T343 330271-330283 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T344 330284-330467 Sentence denotes In our study BNP and PCT levels measured soon after admission were increased significantly in sepsis and they seem to be a valuable prognostic marker in the outcome of these patients.
T345 330468-330548 Sentence denotes The difference of the CRP mean levels in the 2 (two) groups was not significant.
T346 330549-330551 Sentence denotes T.
T347 330552-330569 Sentence denotes Cirkin Guzel*, N.
T348 330570-330580 Sentence denotes Baykam, S.
T349 330581-330599 Sentence denotes Menekse Yilmaz, A.
T350 330600-330620 Sentence denotes Kocagul Celikbas, S.
T351 330621-330633 Sentence denotes Eren Gok, H.
T352 330634-330644 Sentence denotes Esener, S.
T353 330645-330657 Sentence denotes Yaprakci, B.
T354 330658-330935 Sentence denotes Dokuzoguz (Ankara, TR) Introduction: H1N1 influenza pandemic caused higher morbidity and mortality among pregnant women than in the general population underscores the medical community's urgent need for data regarding the safe and effective use of medications during pregnancy.
T355 330936-331144 Sentence denotes Although the benefits of treatment appears to outweigh the theoretical risks of antiviral use there is few data about the newborns who borned from mothers who took medications for H1N1 during their pregnancy.
T356 331145-331324 Sentence denotes In this study we aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of H1N1 influenza in pregnant women and follow up the health status of newborns of these mothers after delivery.
T357 331325-331333 Sentence denotes Methods:
T358 331334-331477 Sentence denotes Twenty pregnant women with clinical symptoms and diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1) were included in this study from October 2009 to January 2010.
T359 331478-331624 Sentence denotes All the study population were followed up until delivery and newborns were evaluated for any complication associated with infection or medication.
T360 331625-331633 Sentence denotes Results:
T361 331634-331720 Sentence denotes Twenty of 276 hospitalized patients with pandemic H1N1 influenza were pregnant (7.2%).
T362 331721-331756 Sentence denotes The mean age was 24±3 (17−30years).
T363 331757-331905 Sentence denotes Thirteen (65%) pregnant women were in 2nd trimestre, 5 (25%) were in 3rd trimestre and 2 (10%) were in 1st trimestre when they admitted to hospital.
T364 331906-332088 Sentence denotes Although 80% of patients had pathologic respiratory auscultation findings, only 4 pregnant patients accepted chest X-ray test and all of them had bilateral patchy alveolar opacities.
T365 332089-332133 Sentence denotes Two of them required mechanical ventilation.
T366 332134-332226 Sentence denotes One of the mechanically ventilated pregnant woman died at the second day of hospitalization.
T367 332227-332289 Sentence denotes Six of the patients didn't accept to get antiviral medication.
T368 332290-332390 Sentence denotes Only one pregnant women who got antiviral medication (oseltamivir) had premature birth at 36th week.
T369 332391-332501 Sentence denotes All other deliveries were in term and no complications were detected in newborns up to 4th week of their life.
T370 332502-332513 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T371 332514-332739 Sentence denotes Although early evidence suggests that pregnant women may be at higher risk for severe complications (including stillbirth) from novel H1N1, the benefits of treatment appears to outweigh the theoretical risks of antiviral use.
T372 332740-332815 Sentence denotes Early anti-viral therapy, may bring clinical benefits to pregnant patients.
T373 332817-332819 Sentence denotes F.
T374 332820-332833 Sentence denotes Carletti*, A.
T375 332834-332844 Sentence denotes Brozzi, C.
T376 332845-332854 Sentence denotes Eleni, N.
T377 332855-332865 Sentence denotes Polici, G.
T378 332866-332879 Sentence denotes D'alterio, M.
T379 332880-332892 Sentence denotes Scicluna, C.
T380 332893-332908 Sentence denotes Castilletti, A.
T381 332909-332920 Sentence denotes Di Caro, G.
T382 332921-332933 Sentence denotes Autorino, A.
T383 332934-332946 Sentence denotes Demetrio, G.
T384 332947-332976 Sentence denotes Cardeti (Rome, IT) Objective:
T385 332977-333162 Sentence denotes In July 2009, 5 llamas, farmed in Central Italy, exhibited skin lesions at different sites evolving from nodules to crusts; some of them had a crater morphology typical for pox lesions.
T386 333163-333343 Sentence denotes On the farm, there are present many species of birds (local and exotic) and mammals (goats, cattle, pigs, donkeys, horses) none of which showed any of the above mentioned symptoms.
T387 333344-333352 Sentence denotes Methods:
T388 333353-333446 Sentence denotes From one moribund female which was euthanised samples were collected for laboratory analysis.
T389 333447-333510 Sentence denotes Skin lesions were processed for electron microscopy techniques.
T390 333511-333589 Sentence denotes Two mammal cell lines (Vero and BHK21) were used for virus isolation attempts.
T391 333590-333676 Sentence denotes Total viral DNA was extracted from both homogenized crusts and Vero cells supernatant.
T392 333677-333791 Sentence denotes Real-time PCR, targeting the crmB gene, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed to identify the virus.
T393 333792-333869 Sentence denotes Other viral and bacterial diseases were considered as differential diagnosis.
T394 333870-333878 Sentence denotes Results:
T395 333879-333964 Sentence denotes Transmission electron microscopy revealed brick particles typical of orthopoxviruses.
T396 333965-334031 Sentence denotes CPXV-antibodies were detected from llama and human sera (farmers).
T397 334032-334107 Sentence denotes A Real-Time PCR gave positive results for both crust and cells supernatant.
T398 334108-334264 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic analysis of two poxvirus genes (HA and crmB) confirmed a Cowpoxvirus infection, homologous to the CPXV-GuWi strain isolated in Germany in 2007.
T399 334265-334424 Sentence denotes After this outbreak, no other symptoms have been described among animals and human beings in the farm and no other news about CPXV have been reported in Italy.
T400 334425-334679 Sentence denotes About the origin of the infection, all the llamas were born in the farm and had had no contact with exotic mammals, as declared by the owner. we can suppose that the virus has been introduced in the farm through bred mice, used as food for birds of prey.
T401 334680-334808 Sentence denotes Such mice came from a German farm, which had sold infected rats to a zoo were mongooses have recently resulted affected by CPXV.
T402 334809-334811 Sentence denotes A.
T403 334812-334825 Sentence denotes Beltrame*, C.
T404 334826-334841 Sentence denotes Castilletti, A.
T405 334842-334850 Sentence denotes Troi, A.
T406 334851-334861 Sentence denotes Arzese, E.
T407 334862-334878 Sentence denotes Ndip Nganyuo, D.
T408 334879-334887 Sentence denotes Lapa, A.
T409 334888-334899 Sentence denotes Di Caro, B.
T410 334900-334911 Sentence denotes Del Pin, M.
T411 334912-334961 Sentence denotes Capobianchi (Udine, Rome, Veneto, IT) Objectives:
T412 334963-334965 Sentence denotes R.
T413 334966-334976 Sentence denotes Tomas*, A.
T414 334977-334986 Sentence denotes Malet, B.
T415 334987-334995 Sentence denotes Font, M.
T416 334996-335006 Sentence denotes Espasa, L.
T417 335007-335020 Sentence denotes Falgueras, J.
T418 335021-335030 Sentence denotes Prats, D.
T419 335031-335084 Sentence denotes Fontanals (Sabadell, ES) Introduction and Objectives:
T420 335085-335203 Sentence denotes Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (TRUSPB) is the technique of choice in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
T421 335204-335278 Sentence denotes There is no consensus on antibiotic, dose and duration of the prophylaxis.
T422 335279-335530 Sentence denotes The main objectives of the study were: to calculate the incidence of postbiopsy bacteremia (PB), to know the microorganisms and their antibiotic susceptibility and to evaluate the effectiveness of different antibiotic prophylaxis used in our hospital.
T423 335531-335680 Sentence denotes The PB incidence based on the prophylaxis regimen was: ciprofloxacin − 1.04% (6/575); cotrimoxazol − 2.49% (29/1166) and tobramycin − 3.60% (13/361).
T424 335681-335820 Sentence denotes The lower incidence of PB in ciprofloxacin's group is statistically significant (p < 0.05 versus cotrimoxazol; p < 0.01 versus tobramycin).
T425 335821-335858 Sentence denotes The global incidence of PB was 2.06%.
T426 335859-335908 Sentence denotes Escherichia coli was isolated in 98% of episodes.
T427 335909-336047 Sentence denotes Ciprofloxacin prophylaxis was the most effective regimen with lower PB, however susceptibility of E. coli isolates wasn't optimal (73.5%).
T428 336048-336205 Sentence denotes Taking into account that E. coli susceptibility to ceftriaxone was of 98%, the use of this antibiotic as a new prophylaxis regimen could reduce PB incidence.
T429 336206-336217 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T430 336218-336458 Sentence denotes The objectives of the study were to evaluate healthcare workers' (HCWs') compliance to the hand hygiene guidelines issued by the World Health Organization in 2009, and to assess their knowledge regarding and perceptions toward hand hygiene.
T431 336459-336541 Sentence denotes We also searched for associations between observed compliance and various factors.
T432 336542-336550 Sentence denotes Methods:
T433 336551-336692 Sentence denotes The study was conducted in "Evaggelismos" Hospital, a 950-bed, tertiary care general hospital in Athens, Greece, between March and June 2010.
T434 336693-336899 Sentence denotes Compliance data collection was based on direct and overt HCW observation during patient care, while anonymous, self-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on knowledge and perceptions.
T435 336900-336969 Sentence denotes We used the data collection forms and questionnaires provided by WHO.
T436 336970-336978 Sentence denotes Results:
T437 336979-337088 Sentence denotes During 41 observation sessions with average duration of 18.6 min, we recorded 587 hand hygiene opportunities.
T438 337089-337124 Sentence denotes Total average compliance was 13.6%.
T439 337125-337225 Sentence denotes Compliance was significantly higher among physicians than among nurses [21.6% vs. 9.5% (p < 0.001)].
T440 337226-337447 Sentence denotes Professional category (doctor vs. nurse), type of indication (before contact vs. after contact), day of observation (after "on take" day vs. other days) and activity index were found to correlate strongly with compliance.
T441 337448-337496 Sentence denotes 142/228 knowledge questionnaires were completed.
T442 337497-337679 Sentence denotes The average number of correct answers to the 25 knowledge questions was 12.38 (SD = 3.40) and differed significantly among age groups, professional categories, departments and wards.
T443 337680-337749 Sentence denotes Only 4.2% of HCWs answered correctly to more than 19 (75%) questions.
T444 337750-337799 Sentence denotes 139/228 perception questionnaires were completed.
T445 337800-337917 Sentence denotes Behavioral beliefs in favor of hand hygiene seemed to be strong and produced a positive attitude toward the behavior.
T446 337918-337996 Sentence denotes Normative beliefs were also relatively favorable with respect to hand hygiene.
T447 337997-338095 Sentence denotes As for control beliefs, most HCWs felt that a big effort is required to perform good hand hygiene.
T448 338096-338260 Sentence denotes According to HCWs' views, the most effective action to improve hand hygiene in the hospital is to make alcohol-based handrub always available at each point of care.
T449 338261-338324 Sentence denotes Patient empowerment is regarded as the least effective measure.
T450 338325-338337 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T451 338338-338474 Sentence denotes Compliance rates in "Evaggelismos" Hospital are very low compared to those of other studies carried out in Greece or in other countries.
T452 338475-338625 Sentence denotes Doctors' and nurses' level of knowledge is not satisfactory, while low perceived behavioral control seems to exert strong influence on HCWs' behavior.
T453 338626-338719 Sentence denotes Action needs to be taken, involving a combination of system change, education and motivation.
T1 338720-338857 Sentence denotes R2572 Does oral care with chlorhexidine influence bacterial epidemiology or incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in the intensive care unit?
T2 338858-338860 Sentence denotes Z.
T3 338861-338863 Sentence denotes T.
T4 338864-338873 Sentence denotes Yang*, Y.
T5 338874-338882 Sentence denotes Chen, Y.
T6 338883-338892 Sentence denotes Cai, Y.J.
T7 338893-338903 Sentence denotes Yang, S.Y.
T8 338904-338914 Sentence denotes Zhao, Z.Q.
T9 338915-338922 Sentence denotes Che, C.
T10 338923-338932 Sentence denotes Zhu, W.J.
T11 338933-338941 Sentence denotes Zhou, M.
T12 338942-338951 Sentence denotes Zhong, F.
T13 338952-338962 Sentence denotes Jing, E.Z.
T14 338963-338993 Sentence denotes Chen (Shanghai, CN) Objective:
T15 338994-339149 Sentence denotes To investigate the effect of oral hygiene with chlorhexidine influences bacterial epidemiology or incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care unit.
T16 339150-339158 Sentence denotes Methods:
T17 339159-339306 Sentence denotes Patients admitted and stayed for more than 48h to our 18bed polyvalent ICU of a Chinese tertiary care teaching hospital were enrolled in our study.
T18 339307-339546 Sentence denotes From May 2008 to April 2009, during preintervention period, protocol of oral hygiene consisted of metronidazole in the morning and boiled water in the evening and has been changed to 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate twice daily since May 2009.
T19 339547-339653 Sentence denotes Bacterial epidemiology of nosocomial pneumonia (NP) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) was studied.
T20 339654-339700 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis was performed by SAS 8.0.
T21 339701-339709 Sentence denotes Results:
T22 339710-340130 Sentence denotes Five hundred and forty-two patients admitted in our ICU from May 2008 to April 2010, of which four hundred and eighty-seven patients were screened, 234 patients, 103 episodes of NP, of which 44 VAP (21/33 for patients intubated) for 1070 device-day, occurred during the pre-intervention period; while 253 patients, 93 NP, of which 42 VAP (28/43 for patients intubated) for 1205 device-day during the intervention period.
T23 340131-340367 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference between the intubated patients for sex (60.6% vs. 78.7%, p = 0.078), age (62.6±21.3 vs. 62.2±17.7, p = 0.968), median ICU stay (37d vs. 29d, p = 0.259) and ventilator-day (1070d vs. 1205d, p = 0.496).
T24 340368-340604 Sentence denotes Overall rate of catheter related pneumonia (VAP) and rate of NP was 37.8 (episodes per 1000 ventilator-day) and 20.0 (episode per 1000 patient-day), 41.1 and 34.9; 24.3 and 16.7 for preintervention and intervention period, respectively.
T25 340605-340760 Sentence denotes Among 143 bacteria isolated for the first year, 32 (22.4%) were G+, of which were18 MRSA, 111 (77.6%) were G-, of which 63.1% were non-fermentive bacteria.
T26 340761-340919 Sentence denotes During the intervention period, among 113 bacteria, 28 (24.8%) were G+ of which were 19 MRSA, 85 (75.2%) were G-, of which 72.9% were non-fermentive bacteria.
T27 340920-341041 Sentence denotes For MRSA and non fermentive bacteria distribution, there was no significant difference between 2 studied periods for VAP.
T28 341042-341054 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T29 341055-341193 Sentence denotes Oral hygiene with 0.2% chlorhexidine twice daily changed little bacterial distribution of NP in ICU compared with pre-intervention period.
T30 341194-341630 Sentence denotes However, the slightly decreased 15% (41.1 to 34.9) incidence of VAP by episodes per 1000 catheter-day and 31% (24.3 to 16.7) incidence of NP by 1000 patient-day were observed during the intervention period suggests a possible benefit of oral hygiene for ventilated patients in ICU. (1987.9-1990 .2), period B (1990.3-1997.8), period C (1997.9-1999.2), period D (1999.3-2004.10), and period E (2004.11-2010−8) , and compared the periods.
T31 341631-341700 Sentence denotes In period B, Cefazolin and cefotiam were administered as prophylaxis.
T32 341701-341763 Sentence denotes The dosing continued for 4 days, including the day of surgery.
T33 341764-342076 Sentence denotes Moreover, nonscreening pre-emptive isolation and cohorting (NSPEI&C) were applied to the patients undergoing endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy who were admitted to single rooms (isolation) and multiple patients with similar conditions in one room (cohorting), regardless of whether or not MRSA was isolated.
T34 342077-342263 Sentence denotes Since August 1997, however, the idea of evidencebased medicine (EBM) has spread over Japan so that we had no other choice than stopping NSPEI&C because NSPEI&C had no confirmed evidence.
T35 342264-342341 Sentence denotes Since then, MRSA become isolated from postoperative patients even more often.
T36 342342-342578 Sentence denotes Then, NSPEI&C was strictly instituted again, and the dosing period of prophylactic antibiotics for postoperative infection being shortened or extended, the isolation rate of MRSA after digestive surgeries could be significantly reduced.
T37 342579-342656 Sentence denotes We report herein the method to prevent the isolation of MRSA for two decades.
T38 342657-342812 Sentence denotes However, NSPEI&C was stopped in period C, but was implemented again, and prophylactic antibiotics were administered only on the day of surgery in period D.
T39 342813-342880 Sentence denotes In period E, prophylactic antibiotics were administered for 3 days.
T40 342881-342892 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T41 342893-343005 Sentence denotes Infections of prostheses and surrounding tissue are one of the most serious complications in orthopedic surgery.
T42 343006-343087 Sentence denotes Most, these infections caused by staphylococci, especially Staphylococcus aureus.
T43 343088-343291 Sentence denotes Nowadays S. aureus often has a complete resistance against b-lactams (methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)), mostly connected with a resistance against other antibiotics, e.g. lincosamides, quinolones.
T44 343292-343448 Sentence denotes Exchange of the implant and temporary implantation of antibioticcontaining spacers is the mode of choice in treatment of these biofilmassociated infections.
T45 343449-343594 Sentence denotes Our in vitro-study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of antibiotic-containing specimens over a time period of up to three months.
T46 343595-343603 Sentence denotes Methods:
T47 343604-343772 Sentence denotes Specimens were prepared from commercially available bone cements (without antibiotics, with 12.5 mg gentamicin/g, with 25 mg gentamicin and 25 mg clindamycin/g cement).
T48 343773-343879 Sentence denotes Additionally the cement containing 12.5 mg gentamycin was supplemented with 25 mg and 100 mg/g vancomycin.
T49 343880-344014 Sentence denotes Specimens were placed in nutrient broth with five test strains (2 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), 2 MRSA, 1 S. epidermidis).
T50 344015-344150 Sentence denotes If bacterial growth was visible in the broth specimens were removed and bacteria attached to the surface of the specimens were counted.
T51 344151-344328 Sentence denotes Further, specimens were soaked into nutrient broth and phosphate buffered saline; eluates were taken for determination of antimicrobial activity by means of agar diffusion test.
T52 344329-344337 Sentence denotes Results:
T53 344338-344506 Sentence denotes Cements containing gentamicin and clindamycin showed a higher antimicrobial activity against MSSA and S. epidermidis in comparison to cement containing only gentamicin.
T54 344507-344571 Sentence denotes All specimens were infected 15 d after starting the experiments.
T55 344572-344727 Sentence denotes Specimens with gentamicin and clindamycin inhibited biofilm formation and acted antimicrobial against MSSA strains and S. epidermidis strain up to 84 days.
T56 344728-344823 Sentence denotes Cements with gentamicin also combined with clindamycin did not have any effect on MRSA strains.
T57 344824-344957 Sentence denotes Only supplementation of vancomycin was able to inhibit growth of MRSA strains; concentration of 100 mg was more active up to 25 days.
T58 344958-345040 Sentence denotes Microbiological diagnosis should exclude as fast as possible an infection by MRSA.
T59 345041-345137 Sentence denotes If infection is caused by an MSSA, combination of gentamicin and clindamycin can be recommended.
T60 345138-345230 Sentence denotes For treatment of MRSA, application of an vancomycin-containing cement seems to be necessary.
T61 345232-345334 Sentence denotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii using the supersonic wave and plasma irradiation Y.
T62 345335-345346 Sentence denotes Nakano*, S.
T63 345347-345359 Sentence denotes Fujimura, T.
T64 345360-345368 Sentence denotes Sato, H.
T65 345369-345379 Sentence denotes Takane, A.
T66 345380-345413 Sentence denotes Watanabe (Sendai, JP) Objectives:
T67 345414-345527 Sentence denotes The nosocomial infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been problem worldwide.
T68 345528-345664 Sentence denotes It is known that these bacteria contaminate the water supply environments such as faucet, sink and bath of the hospital for a long time.
T69 345665-345737 Sentence denotes And it is extremely difficult to sanitize strains on these environments.
T70 345738-345890 Sentence denotes The aim of the present study is to evaluate the bactericidal effect against biofilmformed these strains using the supersonic wave or plasma irradiation.
T71 345891-345997 Sentence denotes The clinical isolate of A. baumannii and the standard strain of P. aeruginosa PAO1were used in this study.
T72 345998-346176 Sentence denotes To form biofilm, the 5cm square stainless steel plate was added in TSB of each bacterial suspension of McFarland No.0.5 and incubated at 37ºC for 24hr under anaerobic conditions.
T73 346177-346292 Sentence denotes These stainless plates were added in water tank and irradiated a supersonic wave of 38 kHz for 5, 10 or 30 minutes.
T74 346293-346481 Sentence denotes Whereas, a plasma flow generated by a dielectric barrier discharge in air at 12 kVpp with 2 k Hz was irradiated to another plates with each biofilm-formed bacteria for 1, 10 or 30 minutes.
T75 346482-346564 Sentence denotes After irradiation, each plate was cultured on the MH agar plate at 37 oC for 24hr.
T76 346565-346683 Sentence denotes Bactericidal effect was observed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the above-mentioned cultural method.
T77 346684-346692 Sentence denotes Results:
T78 346693-346822 Sentence denotes Both strains of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa except biofilmformed strains were sterilized by the supersonic wave for 5 minutes.
T79 346823-346902 Sentence denotes However, biofilm-formed both strains were not sterilized by that of 30 minutes.
T80 346903-346994 Sentence denotes On the other hand, all strains were sterilized within 10 minutes by the plasma irradiation.
T81 346995-347099 Sentence denotes With or without biofilm, the bursting of bacteria by the plasma irradiation was confirmed using the SEM.
T82 347100-347263 Sentence denotes This study results showed that the plasma irradiation is effective for sterilization of the hospital environmental contamination by P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii.
T83 347264-347266 Sentence denotes A.
T84 347267-347279 Sentence denotes Babak*, S.M.
T85 347280-347291 Sentence denotes Zahraei, Z.
T86 347292-347304 Sentence denotes Pezeshky, Z.
T87 347305-347318 Sentence denotes Nokhodian, B.
T88 347319-347328 Sentence denotes Ataei, M.
T89 347329-347360 Sentence denotes Ataie (Isfahan, IR) Objectives:
T90 347361-347451 Sentence denotes Nosocomial infections are those which are created during hospitalization or as its result.
T91 347452-347532 Sentence denotes The health care workers' hands are the main route of microorganism transmission.
T92 347533-347612 Sentence denotes Hand washing is the most important measure to prevent spread of this infection.
T93 347613-347703 Sentence denotes Compliance of hand hygiene (HH) among healthcare workers is generally low (less than 50%).
T94 347704-347897 Sentence denotes This study aimed to determine the acceptance level of hand hygiene in Isfahan hospitals, 2010 to design interventions to increase awareness, motivation and performance among Healthcare workers.
T95 347898-347906 Sentence denotes Methods:
T96 347907-348175 Sentence denotes This cross sectional study was conducted in three large hospitals in Isfahan (a public training medical center, a public medical center, and a private medical center) and a total of seven trained observers for different working shifts at three hospitals were selected.
T97 348176-348273 Sentence denotes 7 working days during two different weeks and every day, eight 20-minute sessions was considered.
T98 348274-348389 Sentence denotes During these sessions, observers monitored healthcare workers during their routine activities through a check list.
T99 348390-348630 Sentence denotes Five indications (before touching a patient, before a procedure, after a procedure or body fluid exposure risk, after touching a patient, after touching a patient surroundings) were observed based on the World Health Organization guideline.
T100 348631-348735 Sentence denotes Four different professional groups (physician, nursing, student, others) were considered for this study.
T101 348736-348907 Sentence denotes HH compliance was calculated as "(number of positive hand hygiene actions/number of total hand hygiene indications) × 100" based on each indication and professional group.
T102 348908-348916 Sentence denotes Results:
T103 348917-349103 Sentence denotes From the total 3097 observed indications, in general, the HH compliance rate was 5.6% and statistically significant between three different hospitals (7.4%, 4.1%, and 1.4% respectively).
T104 349104-349226 Sentence denotes The most rates were observed among the nursing group (7.3%), and then the student group (6.5%), (p-value less than 0.001).
T105 349227-349382 Sentence denotes Among the various indications, the highest rate of compliance was observed after a procedure or body fluid exposure risk (9.4%), (p-value less than 0.001).
T106 349383-349394 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T107 349395-349502 Sentence denotes In this study, the hand hygiene compliance rate in hospitals studied was low and needs to plan for improve.
T108 349503-349611 Sentence denotes Phadebact monoclonal antibody typing (Boule Diagnostic AB, Hudding, Sweden) was performed on these isolates.
T109 349612-349676 Sentence denotes Penicillinase production was performed using nitrocephin method.
T110 349677-349685 Sentence denotes Results:
T111 349686-349828 Sentence denotes All 36 isolates were WII/WIII (IB serovars), yielded 100% invitro susceptibility to ceftriaxone (MIC 0.5mg/l) and spectinomycin (MIC 128mg/l).
T112 349829-349934 Sentence denotes Three isolates (8.3%) were resistance to penicillin (MIC 2mg/l) and were penicillinase producing strains.
T113 349935-350027 Sentence denotes Twenty eight isolates (77.8%) yielded reduced susceptibility to penicillin (MIC 0.12−1mg/l).
T114 350028-350132 Sentence denotes Thirty one isolates (86%) were resistance to penicillin or yielded reduced susceptibility to penicillin.
T115 350133-350324 Sentence denotes Five isolates (13.9%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin (QRNG) (MIC 1mg/l) of these five isolates three yielded penicillin reduced susceptibility pattern while two were resistant to penicillin.
T116 350325-350387 Sentence denotes Six (16.7%) were resistant to tetracycline (MIC 2mg/l) (TRNG).
T117 350388-350453 Sentence denotes All the ciprofloxacin resistant isolates were from male subjects.
T118 350454-350521 Sentence denotes Seven distinct antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were observed.
T119 350522-350583 Sentence denotes A 0.74% isolation rate was obtained in this study population.
T120 350584-350595 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T121 350596-350650 Sentence denotes Ciprofloxacin and penicillin resistance is increasing.
T122 350651-350777 Sentence denotes Cephalosporin resistance was not observed but, local continuous antimicrobial surveillance is paramount and should be ongoing.
T123 350778-350910 Sentence denotes There was no distinct link between the phadebact monoclonal typing of these isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
T124 350911-350913 Sentence denotes J.
T125 350914-350932 Sentence denotes Wojkowska-Mach, D.
T126 350933-350948 Sentence denotes Romaniszyn*, A.
T127 350949-350965 Sentence denotes Chmielarczyk, B.
T128 350966-350983 Sentence denotes Wojcik-Stojek, B.
T129 350984-350998 Sentence denotes Gryglewska, T.
T130 350999-351012 Sentence denotes Grodzicki, M.
T131 351013-351026 Sentence denotes Pobiega, P.B.
T132 351027-351179 Sentence denotes Heczko (Cracow, PL) Nosocomial infections have been a very well-know public health problem with many consequences like medical, economical, ethical etc.
T133 351180-351365 Sentence denotes Information about epidemiology and microbiology is used as a basis for legislation of special programs for infection prevention and control in hospitals and long term facilities (LTCF).
T134 351366-351419 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, is not known situation in polish LTCF.
T135 351420-351554 Sentence denotes The aim of this work was to analyze the epidemiology of infections and multidrug resistance organisms among 108 residents in one LTCF.
T136 351555-351563 Sentence denotes Results:
T137 351564-351645 Sentence denotes 108 residents and 33 968 resident days (pds) were included in the studied period.
T138 351646-351783 Sentence denotes 61,6% of studied residents had wheelchair disability or were bedridden, 10,6% were disoriented in time and/or space, the average age was:
T139 351784-351789 Sentence denotes 76,3.
T140 351790-351900 Sentence denotes Prospective epidemiological surveillance was carried out, with trained professionals using McGeer definitions.
T141 351901-351944 Sentence denotes The incidence density per 1000 pds was 3,6.
T142 351945-351956 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T143 351957-352078 Sentence denotes Foreign body (external fixator, prosthesis) infections cause a significant morbidity and mortality in orthopedic surgery.
T144 352079-352183 Sentence denotes Silver ion coating of metal external fixators can reduce bacterial colonization consequently infections.
T145 352184-352192 Sentence denotes Methods:
T146 352193-352244 Sentence denotes In the study, 66 metal external fixators were used.
T147 352245-352389 Sentence denotes Titanium (22 TiA14V) external fixator was coated with silver ion containing calcium phosphate based ceramic powder by using electrospray method.
T148 352390-352515 Sentence denotes 22 implants were coated with hydroxyapatite in the same way, and the remaining 22 external fixators were without any coating.
T149 352516-352628 Sentence denotes To induce experimental infection, Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolate which have slime factor, was used.
T150 352629-352726 Sentence denotes In the study, 1×10 4 CFU/mL suspension of the clinical isolate in tryptic soy broth was prepared.
T151 352727-352868 Sentence denotes Following 24 h incubation, quantitative culture of bacteria and determination of silver ion by atomic absorption were performed on the broth.
T152 352869-353115 Sentence denotes Quantitative culture of bacteria on the external fixators was performed in addition to microscopic examination and the possible antibacterial efficacy of implants due to silver ion coating was investigated for 8 weeks (day 2, week 2, 4, 6 and 8).
T153 353116-353224 Sentence denotes Accordingly, the implants in glass tubes (diameter 0.4 cm) were placed in shaking incubator at 35 ºC/80 rpm.
T154 353225-353301 Sentence denotes Implants were rinsed with distilled water in aseptic conditions once a week.
T155 353302-353310 Sentence denotes Results:
T156 353311-353552 Sentence denotes The bacterial growth was statistically higher in broth containing titanium external fixators compared to broth media containing silver ioncoated and hydroxyapatite-coated external fixators at 24 hours (p = 0.036 and p = 0.009, respectively).
T157 353553-353727 Sentence denotes The release of bacteria from silver ioncoated fixators was statistically less compared to hydroxyapatite-and titanium-coated fixators (p = 0.039 and p = 0.002, respectively).
T158 353728-353784 Sentence denotes MIC levels for 5% silver ion powder was 8 mg/mL for CNS.
T159 353785-353903 Sentence denotes No free silver ions were detected in broth media using this method which has a detection threshold as low as 0.02 ppm.
T160 353904-354010 Sentence denotes In electron microscopy, it was observed that less bacteria adhered to silver ion-coated external fixators.
T161 354011-354120 Sentence denotes We observed that there was no bacteria release from silver ion-coated external fixator to surrounding liquid.
T162 354121-354228 Sentence denotes As a result of silver ion coating of metal external fixators, bacterial colonization reduces significantly.
T163 354229-354354 Sentence denotes Such effect may help preventing post-operative infections caused by external fixators commonly used in orthopedic operations.
T164 354355-354815 Sentence denotes In-vivo evaluation of this effect is warranted. -the IPSE Core Curriculum for Infection Control Practitioner was submitted to the national representatives, who were asked to score(?or grade?) each item of the curriculum: -in a meeting held in Udine, results, graduation and future endorsement strategies were discussed; -after the meeting a coordination group elaborated the final document; -this document was sent again to all NCPICT for their final approval.
T165 354816-354884 Sentence denotes All 33 NCPICT participated in the process and approved the document.
T166 354885-354893 Sentence denotes Results:
T167 354894-355461 Sentence denotes The proposed European Core Competencies aim to be helpful in: -standardizing Infection Control/Hospital Hygiene Professionals (IC/HHPs) competencies in Europe; -designing and implementing training courses according to different national contexts and facilitating the mutual recognition of competence across Europe; -providing an opportunity for IC/HHPs to review their own performance and to plan their professional development; -providing an opportunity for health care institutions and organizations to evaluate their needs in terms of professional human resources.
T168 355462-355510 Sentence denotes The document is organized into three main areas:
T169 355511-355575 Sentence denotes Programme Management, Quality Improvement and Infection Control.
T170 355576-355717 Sentence denotes Each consists of different professional tasks common to infection control doctors and nurses (except one: related to antibiotic prescribing).
T171 355718-355965 Sentence denotes For each professional task, competencies were classified into foundation practice (this applies to newly appointed IC/HHP staff with little or no previous experience and expert practice (for a IC/HHP confident and experienced in all competencies).
T172 355966-355978 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T173 355979-356082 Sentence denotes We have achieved a consensus document on European Infection Control/Hospital Hygiene Core Competencies.
T174 356083-356226 Sentence denotes However, to ensure that they will make ae a positive impact it will be necessary to spread and endorse them with all the relevant stakeholders.
T175 356227-356238 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T176 356239-356449 Sentence denotes To assess the influence of a new carbapenem-based deescalating strategy of antimicrobial therapy in treatment of infectious complications of severe burn injury by resistance of nosocomial Gramnegative bacteria.
T177 356450-356458 Sentence denotes Methods:
T178 356459-356624 Sentence denotes A retrospective analysis of antibiograms from burn patients admitted to our burn care unit (BCU) of the sensitivities to common Gram-negative pathogens before (2007)
T179 356626-356829 Sentence denotes The implementation of a de-escalation strategy of treating infectious complications of thermal burns in our burn care unit increased the susceptibility of multidrug-resistance to Gram-negative pathogens.
T180 356830-357035 Sentence denotes There is a potential benefit in reducing the overall costs of treatment, due to direct costs of antibiotic treatment and shortening the length of stay in the hospital without increasing the mortality rate.
T181 357036-357047 Sentence denotes Background:
T182 357048-357201 Sentence denotes This is the first large-scale study that focused on the prevalence of LTBI in the laboratory personnel, especially in the intermediate incidence setting.
T183 357202-357210 Sentence denotes Methods:
T184 357211-357335 Sentence denotes We recruited 173 laboratory personnel and performed QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT-G) and tuberculin skin test (TST).
T185 357336-357445 Sentence denotes Agreement between QFT-G and TST was analyzed, and risk factors for the positivity of each test were assessed.
T186 357446-357575 Sentence denotes Results: QFT-G was positive in 21.4% of the enrolled laboratory personnel, and TST was positive in 33.3% with a cut-off of 10 mm.
T187 357576-357676 Sentence denotes The agreement between the two tests was fair (kappa = 0.234; 95% confidence interval = 0.054-0.414).
T188 357677-357809 Sentence denotes Age and duration of health care profession were significantly associated with positive QFT-G and TST results by univariate analyses.
T189 357810-358051 Sentence denotes With multivariate logistic regression analyses, household contact to TB patients (P = 0.013), the laboratory sections of microbiology (P = 0.045) and chemistry/immunology (P = 0.014) were significantly associated with positive QFT-G results.
T190 358052-358064 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T191 358065-358213 Sentence denotes Our data shows the high prevalence of LTBI in the laboratory personnel, and emphasizes the importance of LTBI screening for the health care workers.
T192 358214-358271 Sentence denotes QFT-G seems to be superior to TST for the LTBI screening.
T193 358272-358274 Sentence denotes T.
T194 358275-358286 Sentence denotes Panayea, G.
T195 358287-358300 Sentence denotes Petrikkos, A.
T196 358301-358316 Sentence denotes Armaganidis, H.
T197 358317-358363 Sentence denotes Giamarellou (Chaidari, Athens, GR) Objectives:
T198 358364-358518 Sentence denotes Copper has been shown to have antimicrobial properties and when used on hospital surfaces it minimized environmental contamination by pathogenic bacteria.
T199 358519-358658 Sentence denotes We investigated the effects of two copper alloys on the survival of VIM and/or KPC-producing multi-drug resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae.
T200 358659-358832 Sentence denotes Methods: MDR clinical isolates were screened for the production of VIM or KPC carbapenemase using the EDTA-imipenem or the boronic acid-meropenem synergy test, respectively.
T201 358833-358887 Sentence denotes The genes were confirmed by PCR with specific primers.
T202 358888-359175 Sentence denotes To assess the antimicrobial properties of copper, coupons (1 cm × 1 cm) of copper alloys (A and B containing Cu99% and Cu63%Zn37%, respectively) were sterilized, inoculated with 20 ml of bacterial suspension (10 8 cfu/ml) and incubated at room temperature for 0, 1, 3, 5, 6 and 24 hours.
T203 359176-359252 Sentence denotes Then coupons were placed in sterile neutralizing broth (Difco) and vortexed.
T204 359253-359344 Sentence denotes The broth was serially diluted and quantitatively cultured for recovery of viable bacteria.
T205 359345-359395 Sentence denotes The lower limit of detection was 2.6 log10 cfu/ml.
T206 359396-359472 Sentence denotes Stainless steel (C) and polyvinylchloride (D) coupons were used as controls.
T207 359473-359602 Sentence denotes Mean viable counts (log10 cfu/ml) after incubation at each time interval with each coupon were compared for statistical analysis.
T208 359603-359707 Sentence denotes Reduction of viable counts by 3 log10 from starting inoculum was characterized as bactericidal activity.
T209 359708-359716 Sentence denotes Results:
T210 359717-359861 Sentence denotes Thirteen isolates including K. pneumoniae (7), E. coli (4) and Enterobacter spp. (2) producing either VIM (2), KPC (10) or both (1) were tested.
T211 359862-360060 Sentence denotes At 3 and 5 hours, mean viable bacterial counts on coupon A decreased by 1.2 and 3.4 log10, respectively while the reduction produced by coupon B at 5 and 6 hours was 2.1 and 3.2 log10, respectively.
T212 360061-360164 Sentence denotes Controls C and D reduced bacterial counts by 2.1 log10 at 6 and by 2.3 log10 at 24 hours, respectively.
T213 360165-360250 Sentence denotes A bactericidal effect was detected by coupons A and B at 5 and 6 hours, respectively.
T214 360251-360414 Sentence denotes Viable bacteria could not be recovered from 10/13 tested strains incubated on coupon A after 5 hours and from 8/13 strains after 6 hours of incubation on coupon B.
T215 360415-360562 Sentence denotes Copper alloys reduced the number of viable carbapenemase-producing bacteria significantly at 3 hours and produced a bactericidal effect at 5 hours.
T216 360563-360598 Sentence denotes Cu99% was more effective than CuZn.
T217 360599-360761 Sentence denotes These data suggest that the use of copper as surface material in the hospital could aid in diminishing the environmental reservoir of MDR Gram-negative pathogens.
T218 360762-360764 Sentence denotes R.
T219 360765-360774 Sentence denotes Guner, I.
T220 360775-360788 Sentence denotes Hasanoglu, S.
T221 360789-360800 Sentence denotes Keske, M.A.
T222 360801-360835 Sentence denotes Tasyaran* (Ankara, TR) Objectives:
T223 360836-360937 Sentence denotes Central venous catheter (CVC) usage is becoming more and more frequent in intensive care units (ICU).
T224 360938-361095 Sentence denotes Besides its mechanical complications, catheter related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are frequent, preventable and costly with high mortality and morbidity.
T225 361096-361238 Sentence denotes Although it is essential for an ICU patient, urinary catheterisation also brings the risk of catheter related urinary tract infection (CRUTI).
T226 361239-361355 Sentence denotes We aimed to decrease our CRBSI and CRUTI rates with observation, education, feedback of infection rates, and reward.
T227 361356-361570 Sentence denotes We performed an observational intervention study in a 550bed education and training hospital in Ankara, Turkey with twelve neurology-neurosurgery, ten coronary, six cardiovascular surgery and nine general ICU beds.
T228 361571-361669 Sentence denotes The study was carried out in three phases, as preintervention, intervention, and postintervention.
T229 361670-361776 Sentence denotes After six months of preintervention period, we performed education meetings to all ICU doctors and nurses.
T230 361777-361877 Sentence denotes Education program highlighted prevention bundle of urinary catheter (UC) and CVC related infections.
T231 361878-361938 Sentence denotes We observed CVC and UC with checklists and follow-up charts.
T232 361939-362009 Sentence denotes CRBSI and CRUTI diagnosis were performed according to CDC definitions.
T233 362010-362157 Sentence denotes Six months after the education, all staffs of the departments which decreased their infection rates were promised to be awarded with 10% pay raise.
T234 362158-362166 Sentence denotes Results:
T235 362167-362295 Sentence denotes During the study period 462 CVCs and 1258 UCs were inserted to 1075 patients and catheter days were 4313 and 6918, respectively.
T236 362296-362401 Sentence denotes Most observed indications of CVC are peripheral intravenous access problem (41%) and haemodialysis (29%).
T237 362402-362454 Sentence denotes Insertion sites were 41% jugular and 41% subclavian.
T238 362455-362505 Sentence denotes 20% of CVCs were inserted in emergency conditions.
T239 362506-362549 Sentence denotes Mean lenght of catheterisation was 11 days.
T240 362550-362660 Sentence denotes Compliance to maximum barrier precautions was 41%, but this rate was correlated with doctors' education years.
T241 362661-362758 Sentence denotes Most common displacement reasons for CVC were exitus (50%) and discontinuity of indication (32%).
T242 362759-362799 Sentence denotes Compliance to prevention bundle was 13%.
T243 362800-362846 Sentence denotes Mean lenght of catheterisation was 13.25 days.
T244 362847-362982 Sentence denotes There was a relationship between the clinic which inserted the catheter and compliance to maximum barrier precautions for CVCs and UCs.
T245 362983-363076 Sentence denotes We decreased our CRBSI rates from 8.2 to 3.19 (61%) and CRUTI rates from 3.7 to 2.19 (40.8%).
T246 363077-363276 Sentence denotes Our study showed that education, feedback of infection rates, and reward are effective for reducing CRBSI and CRUTI rates but continuity of education is essential for maintaining low infection rates.
T247 363277-363279 Sentence denotes C.
T248 363280-363295 Sentence denotes Carrilho*, J.C.
T249 363296-363316 Sentence denotes Pascual Garcia, R.A.
T250 363317-363328 Sentence denotes Belei, N.S.
T251 363329-363340 Sentence denotes Paiva, N.J.
T252 363341-363355 Sentence denotes Cornetta, R.L.
T253 363356-363368 Sentence denotes Oricolli, C.
T254 363369-363378 Sentence denotes Grion, M.
T255 363379-363393 Sentence denotes Pelisson, S.F.
T256 363394-363426 Sentence denotes Costa (Londrina, BR) Objectives:
T257 363427-363574 Sentence denotes Report an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria in a university hospital, control measures and mortality associated with these pathogens.
T258 363575-363587 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T259 363588-363679 Sentence denotes Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria are a great challenge concerning control and treatment.
T260 363680-363838 Sentence denotes These outbreaks take place frequently in the Intensive Care Units, nearly half the patients manifest infections and mortality among infected patients is high.
T261 363839-363841 Sentence denotes C.
T262 363842-363862 Sentence denotes Fariñas-Alvarez*, P.
T263 363863-363885 Sentence denotes Rodriguez-Cundin, M.L.
T264 363886-363905 Sentence denotes Fernandez-Nuñez, O.
T265 363906-363927 Sentence denotes Gonzalez-Martinez, I.
T266 363928-363943 Sentence denotes De-Benito, A.B.
T267 363944-363964 Sentence denotes Campo-Esquisabel, R.
T268 363965-363974 Sentence denotes Teira, G.
T269 363975-364010 Sentence denotes Marcano (Santander, ES) Objectives:
T270 364011-364120 Sentence denotes Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important multidrug-resistant bacteria.
T271 364121-364191 Sentence denotes Its surveillance and control must be a priority in a hospital setting.
T272 364192-364330 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to describe the incidence of MRSA in our hospital after the implementation of a prevention and control programme.
T273 364331-364462 Sentence denotes The programme of prevention and control was implanted in 2003 after a nosocomial MRSA outbreak, with an incidence of 0.24% in 2002.
T274 364463-364659 Sentence denotes It is based in a bundle of recommendations: identification, isolation and control of the incidental cases, early detection of the condition of carrier and record of incidental cases in a database.
T275 364660-364815 Sentence denotes This computing record is linked to the hospital information system (HIS) that allows us to detect the hospital readmissions of colonized/infected patients.
T276 364816-364856 Sentence denotes These patients are isolated immediately.
T277 364857-364865 Sentence denotes Results:
T278 364866-365292 Sentence denotes After the programme implementation, a gradual increase of the incidence was observed in the last six years at expense of communityassociated MRSA (0.08% in 2003, 0.09% in 2004, 0.13% in 2005, 0.15% in 2006, 0.16% in 2007, 0.16% in 2008 and 0.25% in 2009 ) while the incidence of nosocomial MRSA has kept around 0.1% (0.15% in 2003, 0.10% in 2004, 0.11% in 2005, 0.07% in 2006, 0.14% in 2007, 0.12% in 2008 and 0.12% in 2009) .
T279 365293-365577 Sentence denotes The most frequent location of infection for nosocomial MRSA during these years has been always the low respiratory tract infection with or without pulmonary condensation (25.0%) followed primary bacteraemia (11, 8%) , and for communityassociated MRSA the cutaneous infections (72,7%).
T280 365578-365722 Sentence denotes All patients were isolated after detecting the MRSA: the daily average was 5 isolated patients which represented 2.5% of hospital bed occupancy.
T281 365723-365799 Sentence denotes We have not detected any nosocomial MRSA outbreak in our hospital from 2003.
T282 365800-365862 Sentence denotes The incidence of nosocomial MRSA is kept in rates around 0.1%.
T283 365863-366002 Sentence denotes It is important to emphasize the decrease of the proportion of nosocomial MRSA isolations, whereas communityassociated MRSA have increased.
T284 366003-366164 Sentence denotes A dynamic record connected to the hospital information system allows us to identify and control the colonized/infected patients before any entry to the hospital.
T285 366165-366176 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T286 366177-366467 Sentence denotes Retrospective evaluation of the results in the detection of MRSA of a commercial PCR (Genohm ® , Becton Dickinson) compared to culture (chromID™ MRSA, Biomérieux) after one year use (2009) in two geriatric wards (60 beds) and an intensive care unit (8 beds) of a 415 bed community hospital.
T287 366468-366518 Sentence denotes Any impact on MRSA epidemiology is also evaluated.
T288 366519-366527 Sentence denotes Methods:
T289 366528-366622 Sentence denotes All patients were screened on admission in the geriatric wards and in the intensive care unit.
T290 366623-366735 Sentence denotes Swabs taken from nose and perineum were pooled, tested by PCR and inoculated on chromogenic agar to detect MRSA.
T291 366736-366776 Sentence denotes No enrichment in broth culture was made.
T292 366777-366856 Sentence denotes Samples arriving on Friday evening and in the weekend were not examined by PCR.
T293 366857-366942 Sentence denotes Patients were isolated as soon as MRSA positive results of PCR or culture were known.
T294 366944-367120 Sentence denotes In our hands the Genohm ® PCR test had a rather low sensitivity and positive predictive value compared to culture even if culture was not ideal (only two sites, no enrichment).
T295 367121-367272 Sentence denotes Introduction of the PCR was meant to reduce transmission of MRSA and hence reduction of infection by faster isolation because of the speed of the test.
T296 367273-367386 Sentence denotes We can not deduce from our data that this policy has had any impact on the decrease of nosocomial MRSA infection.
T297 367387-367389 Sentence denotes A.
T298 367390-367401 Sentence denotes Guleri*, R.
T299 367402-367412 Sentence denotes Palmer, L.
T300 367413-367426 Sentence denotes Moorhouse, S.
T301 367427-367436 Sentence denotes Staff, N.
T302 367437-367447 Sentence denotes Harper, J.
T303 367448-367483 Sentence denotes Lickiss (Blackpool, UK) Background:
T304 367484-367638 Sentence denotes Blackpool Victoria, a large district teaching foundation trust hospital in NW England, operates a very successful comprehensive CDI containment programme.
T305 367639-367842 Sentence denotes There is special emphasis on antibiotic stewardship and real time programme monitoring initiatives like root cause analysis of all CDIs in community/acute trust, multidisciplinary audit and surveillance.
T306 367843-368028 Sentence denotes We present findings from 1st 6-months of an innovative pilot project "multidisciplinary CDI performance management meetings [MCPM]" aimed to spearhead the trust CDI programme in future.
T307 368029-368189 Sentence denotes The aims of MCPM include team working, problem solving, real time "shop-floor" troubleshooting, raising profile and awareness in a friendly interactive session.
T308 368190-368271 Sentence denotes The results have been used to inform a regularly monitored strategic action plan.
T309 368272-368350 Sentence denotes In 2008 we recorded one P. aeruginosa PAN-R strain, sensible only to colistin.
T310 368351-368423 Sentence denotes In May-September 2008, an unexpected high incidence of VRE was reported.
T311 368424-368534 Sentence denotes AFLP analysis of these VRE strains documented a genetic relationship between two different groups of isolates:
T312 368535-368642 Sentence denotes 2 isolates show similar AFLP patterns but different from those of the other 4 genetically related isolates.
T313 368643-368703 Sentence denotes These data suggest a possible person to person transmission.
T314 368704-368766 Sentence denotes After corrective measures no other case of VRE was documented.
T315 368767-368825 Sentence denotes No Gram-negative outbreak was recorded in the same period.
T316 368826-368931 Sentence denotes Our results showed a new increase of Gram-negative infections and a progressive antimicrobial resistance.
T317 368932-369077 Sentence denotes The high discriminatory AFLP method was fast enough to allow a 'real-time' monitoring of the outbreak, permitting additional preventive measures.
T318 369078-369183 Sentence denotes R2593 Clostridium difficile detection: identification of colonisation, subclinical and overt disease F.M.
T319 369184-369202 Sentence denotes Awadel-Kariem*, C.
T320 369203-369213 Sentence denotes Malone, H.
T321 369214-369223 Sentence denotes Gough, H.
T322 369224-369260 Sentence denotes O'Connor (Stevenage, UK) Background:
T323 369261-369336 Sentence denotes Detection of C difficile or its toxins has been observed to be problematic.
T324 369337-369425 Sentence denotes False negative results have meant that patients were tested repeatedly when symptomatic.
T325 369426-369561 Sentence denotes Among the reasons for poor negative predictive value are the labile nature of the toxins and the limitations of available technologies.
T326 369562-369628 Sentence denotes Newer and more sensitive technologies were introduced such as PCR.
T327 369629-369735 Sentence denotes These technologies have reduced the rates of false negatives and eliminated the need for multiple samples.
T328 369736-369847 Sentence denotes In recent years, and through a combination of infection control measures, CDAD rates were reduced dramatically.
T329 369848-369993 Sentence denotes However, these successes brought to the front the significance of high false positive rates especially with the ultra-sensitive new technologies.
T330 369994-370152 Sentence denotes It is wellestablished that toxin-producing C. difficile can colonise young children and older patients with history of repeated and prolonged hospitalisation.
T331 370153-370241 Sentence denotes There is a need for a new approach to determine the clinical value of a positive result.
T332 370242-370253 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T333 370254-370405 Sentence denotes This study was designed to assess the concordance between different toxin assays and clinical presentation in Antigen positive/Toxin negative patients.
T334 370406-370414 Sentence denotes Methods:
T335 370415-370539 Sentence denotes Twenty six Antigen positive/toxin negative stool samples (Techlab EIA for both GDH Ag and toxin) were included in the study.
T336 370540-370587 Sentence denotes Patients with multiple samples were identified.
T337 370588-370699 Sentence denotes Samples were then tested using VIDAS EIA, culture and ribotyping, CEPHEID GeneXPert PCR and cytotoxicity assay.
T338 370700-370807 Sentence denotes Clinical presentation and follow up data were then analysed to assess clinical significance of each result.
T339 370808-370816 Sentence denotes Results:
T340 370817-370946 Sentence denotes Patients who had alternative explanations for their transient diarrhoea (e.g. laxatives), were found to be toxin-negative by EIA.
T341 370947-371051 Sentence denotes However, 86% of these samples were positive by PCR and all produced cytotoxic effects following culture.
T342 371052-371117 Sentence denotes Isolates were from a number of ribotypes (001, 002, 015 and 054).
T343 371118-371130 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T344 371131-371258 Sentence denotes These results suggest that combined clinical/laboratory interpretation is of more value at the current epidemiological setting.
T345 371259-371407 Sentence denotes Highly sensitive technologies, such as PCR, may detect the presence of toxin genes in cases of colonisation or subclinical presence of C. difficile.
T346 371408-371590 Sentence denotes Our data suggest that samples found to be Antigen positive but toxin negative by EIA, in the presence of alternative clinical causes for diarrhoea, should be treated as colonisation.
T347 371591-371728 Sentence denotes However, these patients should be monitored closely and should be isolated, while having diarrhoea, to limit environmental contamination.
T348 371729-371731 Sentence denotes P.
T349 371732-371742 Sentence denotes Nikou*, E.
T350 371743-371759 Sentence denotes Giannitsioti, S.
T351 371760-371773 Sentence denotes Athanasia, A.
T352 371774-371784 Sentence denotes Drakou, E.
T353 371785-371799 Sentence denotes Koratzanis, V.
T354 371800-371809 Sentence denotes Sakka, K.
T355 371810-371822 Sentence denotes Kouvelas, S.
T356 371823-371836 Sentence denotes Kanellaki, A.
T357 371837-371850 Sentence denotes Fragkou, G.M.
T358 371851-371865 Sentence denotes Gourgoulis, G.
T359 371866-371876 Sentence denotes Koukos, P.
T360 371877-371893 Sentence denotes Panagopoulos, E.
T361 371894-371911 Sentence denotes Paramythiotou, D.
T362 371912-371926 Sentence denotes Plachouras, V.
T363 371927-371942 Sentence denotes Spyropoulos, H.
T364 371943-371958 Sentence denotes Giamarellou, A.
T365 371959-371975 Sentence denotes Papadopoulos, K.
T366 371976-372016 Sentence denotes Kanellakopoulou (Athens, GR) Objectives:
T367 372017-372152 Sentence denotes Chronic foot osteomyelitis (CFO) is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for appropriate regimen and length of antimicrobial therapy.
T368 372153-372207 Sentence denotes Most CFO occurred on the ground of diabetic foot (DF).
T369 372208-372321 Sentence denotes This study aims to evaluate factors influencing successful outcome in patients (pts) with CFO with or without DF.
T370 372322-372343 Sentence denotes Patients and Methods:
T371 372344-372482 Sentence denotes Pts with CFO were retrieved from a data-base of 700 pts with bone and joint infections followed in our reference clinic from 1999 to 2009.
T372 372483-372617 Sentence denotes Demographics, DF, foot vascular and neurologic complications, charcot joint and gangrene were assessed following standard definitions.
T373 372618-372710 Sentence denotes Diagnosis of CFO was based upon clinical, imaging and laboratory/microbiological evaluation.
T374 372711-372787 Sentence denotes A completely restoration of all the above parameters was considered as cure.
T375 372788-372889 Sentence denotes Chi-square and Mann Whitney tests were applied for categorical and continuous variables respectively.
T376 372890-372968 Sentence denotes A logistic regression analysis of factors predictive of outcome was performed.
T377 372969-373372 Sentence denotes Results: DFO pts (n = 137), were male (59%) with median age + IQR(25−75) = 60 (52−70) and comorbidities (n = 76) including diabetes mellitus-DM (n = 64, insulin dependent, n = 60), rheumatic arthritis (n = 3), non DM vascular disease (n = 6), vascular (n = 44), neurological (n = 27) DM complications, charcot joint (n = 22) and gangrene (n = 24) with amputations (n = 25) and orthopedic device (n = 2).
T378 373373-373400 Sentence denotes HbA1C was above 7 in32 pts.
T379 373401-373478 Sentence denotes Median IQR(25−75) time from infection onset to treatment was 5 (2−12) months.
T380 373479-373555 Sentence denotes Sinus tract and ulcer but no fever were found in 71 and 49 pts respectively.
T381 373556-373690 Sentence denotes Microbiological documentation of DFO was based on intra-operative cultures (n = 83), prone to the bone or aspiration samples (n = 21).
T382 373691-373801 Sentence denotes Gram positive bacteria (86%) included MRSA (32.5%), MRSE (17%) while Gram negative bacteria accounted for 49%.
T383 373802-373872 Sentence denotes Among 84 polymicrobial cases, 16.6% were S. aureus plus P. aeruginosa.
T384 373873-373918 Sentence denotes ESR/CRP baseline were abnormal in 90% of pts.
T385 373919-374015 Sentence denotes Combined antimicrobial therapy was given to 117/137 pts including fluoroquinolones (n = 92,67%).
T386 374016-374067 Sentence denotes Only 16 fully reversible adverse events were noted.
T387 374068-374125 Sentence denotes Median IQR (25−75) treatment duration was 6 (6−8) months.
T388 374126-374218 Sentence denotes However, 34% were treated for up to 3 months, 42% up to 6 months and 24% more than 6 months.
T389 374219-374250 Sentence denotes Median follow up was 12 months.
T390 374251-374364 Sentence denotes Cure Analysis demonstrated that only HbA1C more than 7 was independently related to adverse outcome (p = 0.0001).
T391 374365-374377 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T392 374378-374438 Sentence denotes Only normal HBA1c and n were predictive of the pts' outcome.
T393 374439-374510 Sentence denotes Strict glycemic control is mandatory in the management of pts with DFO.
T394 374511-374522 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T395 374523-374631 Sentence denotes Rapid routine screening of patients for methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus − MRSA is very important.
T396 374632-374694 Sentence denotes Improved chromogenic media can detect MRSA within 18−24 hours.
T397 374695-374940 Sentence denotes The purpuse of this study was to evaluate the abillity of two chromogenic media Oxoid Brilliance™MRSA II Agar (Oxoid, Ltd, Basingstoke, UK) and ChromID™MRSA (bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Etoile, France), for detection of MRSA from surveillance specimens.
T398 374941-374949 Sentence denotes Methods:
T399 374950-375143 Sentence denotes Brilliance and ChromID were tested using six strains of MRSA (ATCC 43300), hVISA (ATCC 700698) and hGISA (ATCC 700699), two strains of MSSA (ATCC 29213) and a strain of E. faecalis and E. coli.
T400 375144-375220 Sentence denotes The rest were strains isolated from patients (laboratory strain collection).
T401 375221-375332 Sentence denotes One to two colonies of the test strain from the third subcultivation were inoculated on Brilliance and ChromID.
T402 375333-375367 Sentence denotes 55 patient samples were processed.
T403 375368-375434 Sentence denotes Skin, nose or throat swabs were sent in an Amies transport medium.
T404 375435-375544 Sentence denotes Each sample was inoculated into Todd-Hewitt enrichment broth (THBS), blood agar (BA), Brilliance and ChromID.
T405 375545-375605 Sentence denotes The first 28 samples were inoculated in the following order:
T406 375606-375608 Sentence denotes 1.
T407 375609-375616 Sentence denotes THBS 2.
T408 375617-375623 Sentence denotes BA, 3.
T409 375624-375638 Sentence denotes Brilliance, 4.
T410 375639-375647 Sentence denotes ChromID.
T411 375648-375705 Sentence denotes The next 27 samples were inoculated in a different order:
T412 375706-375708 Sentence denotes 1.
T413 375709-375716 Sentence denotes THBS 2.
T414 375717-375723 Sentence denotes BA, 3.
T415 375724-375735 Sentence denotes ChromID, 4.
T416 375736-375747 Sentence denotes Brilliance.
T417 375748-375809 Sentence denotes The plates were inspected after 18−21h of incubation at 35ºC.
T418 375810-375871 Sentence denotes The plates were inspected after 18−21h of incubation at 35ºC.
T419 375872-375984 Sentence denotes All denim-blue colonies on Brilliance and green colonies on ChromID were processed according to CLSI guidelines.
T420 375985-376182 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for all DNAse and coagulase positive strains with positive result of methicillin-resistance screening (MRSA strains) according to CLSI guidelines.
T421 376183-376452 Sentence denotes Denim-blue and green colonies that were DNAse and coagulase negative (regardless of the result of methicillin-resistance screening) were considered false positive (CNS); DNAse and coagulase positive and oxascreen negative colonies were considered false positive (MSSA).
T422 376453-376461 Sentence denotes Results:
T423 376462-376564 Sentence denotes All MRSA strains produced denim-blue or green colonies following 18−24 hours of incubation (Table 1) .
T424 376565-376689 Sentence denotes One discrepant result was obtained from a patient sample, the colonies denim-blue were on Brilliance, and yellow on ChromID.
T425 376690-376723 Sentence denotes MRSA was confirmed in both cases.
T426 376724-376806 Sentence denotes Strains of MSSA, E. faecalis and E. coli failed to grow on both chromogenic media.
T427 376807-376818 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T428 376819-376865 Sentence denotes Both agars are fast, easy to use and reliable.
T429 376866-376991 Sentence denotes They require no additional costs and are accessible to every microbiological laboratory in comparison with rapid PCR methods.
T430 376992-376996 Sentence denotes Aim:
T431 376997-377125 Sentence denotes The compartmental immune response of ascitic fluid seems to be important, especially in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).
T432 377126-377267 Sentence denotes The aim of our study was to determine the pattern of cytokine synthesis in the ascitic fluid (AF) of cirrhotic patients, with or without SBP.
T433 377268-377289 Sentence denotes Patients and Methods:
T434 377290-377437 Sentence denotes We prospectively studied 13 cirrhotic patients with ascitis, who were admitted at the University Hospital of Patras from May 2006 to December 2007.
T435 377438-377544 Sentence denotes Patients were separated into two groups: (a) group 1: patients with SBP (b) group 2: patients without SBP.
T436 377545-377661 Sentence denotes Cirrhosis was diagnosed on the basis of typical clinical, laboratory, ultrasonographic findings and/or liver biopsy.
T437 377662-377723 Sentence denotes Upon admission a paracentesis of ascetic fluid was performed.
T438 377724-377834 Sentence denotes Ascitic levels of IL-1b, IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-10, TNFa, sTNFRI and sTNFRII were measured by using an ELISA method.
T439 377835-377912 Sentence denotes Data are presented as mean±standard deviation and were compared using t test.
T440 377913-377956 Sentence denotes A P value <0.05 was considered significant.
T441 377957-377965 Sentence denotes Results:
T442 377966-378146 Sentence denotes Characteristics of patients with SBP VS those without SBP are: age 69±12 vs 62±15, male/female ratio 5/2 vs 5/1, ethanol use 5 vs 4, viral hepatitis 1 vs 2, cryptogenic 1 vs noone.
T443 378147-378245 Sentence denotes The ascitic concentrations of individual cytokines in group 1 vs group 2 are the following: IL-10:
T444 378246-378269 Sentence denotes 160±142 vs 80±74, IL-6:
T445 378270-378300 Sentence denotes 2413±3183 vs 2257±2478, TGF-a:
T446 378301-378324 Sentence denotes 11±20 vs 0.5±1, sTNFRI:
T447 378325-378357 Sentence denotes 8191±3077 vs 5618±2384, sTNFRII:
T448 378358-378388 Sentence denotes 5259±2354 vs 2883±932, IL1-ra:
T449 378389-378415 Sentence denotes 946±703 vs 131±84, TGF-1b:
T450 378416-378435 Sentence denotes 279±681 vs 378±671.
T451 378436-378559 Sentence denotes Multivariate analysis showed significant (P < 0,05) differences in the levels of sTNFRII and IL-1ra between the two groups.
T452 378560-378741 Sentence denotes Ascitic levels of IL-10, IL-6, IL-1ra, TNF-a, STNFRII and STNFRI were higher, while TGF-b1 levels were lower in the ascitic fluid of patients with SBP (differences not significant).
T453 378742-378857 Sentence denotes It is remarkable that IL-1b was not expressed in patients either with or without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
T454 378858-379063 Sentence denotes We demonstrated an increased cytokine production in ascitic fluid of cirrhotic patients, while the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines sTNFRII and IL-1ra are significantly increased in patients with SBP.
T455 379064-379204 Sentence denotes It seems, therefore, that an ascitic fluid anti-inflammatory response is characteristic in SBP,and this might compromise the final outocome.
T456 379205-379237 Sentence denotes Enterobacteriaceae: which sites?
T457 379238-379251 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T458 379252-379377 Sentence denotes Extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL)-producing organisms belong to the most important multiresistant pathogens in hospitals.
T459 379378-379445 Sentence denotes More recently, ESBLs are also spreading in the community worldwide.
T460 379446-379584 Sentence denotes Carriers of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae remain colonized for prolonged periods, possibly representing an important source of spread.
T461 379585-379741 Sentence denotes Knowledge on the body sites most commonly colonized with these pathogens is therefore of great importance in order to develop appropriate screening schemes.
T462 379742-379841 Sentence denotes The aim of this study therefore, was to determine the frequency of colonization for each body site.
T463 379842-379854 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T464 379855-379991 Sentence denotes Urine and the rectum are the sites most commonly colonized with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (61.5%) followed by the inguinal fold.
T465 379992-380087 Sentence denotes These three sites should therefore be considered when screening for ESBL carriage is performed.
T466 380088-380321 Sentence denotes Throat swabs and wound samples were positive in less than 5% of all specimens, suggesting that these sites are not useful for screening, however should be considered in the individual patient if a decolonization regimen is performed.
T467 380322-380324 Sentence denotes A.
T468 380325-380340 Sentence denotes Pérez-Parra, M.
T469 380341-380357 Sentence denotes Sánchez-Luna, E.
T470 380358-380368 Sentence denotes Zamora, A.
T471 380369-380379 Sentence denotes Cuenca, A.
T472 380380-380391 Sentence denotes Bustinza,Á.
T473 380392-380404 Sentence denotes Carrillo, E.
T474 380405-380414 Sentence denotes Gómez, B.
T475 380415-380426 Sentence denotes Padilla, P.
T476 380427-380445 Sentence denotes Martín-Rabadán, E.
T477 380446-380622 Sentence denotes Bouza (Madrid, ES) Assessment of knowledge of CDC guidelines for the prevention of central venous catheter (CVC)-related infection is recommended for healthcare workers (HCWs).
T478 380623-380835 Sentence denotes Information on this knowledge in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units (P-ICU, N-ICU) is very scarce, and there are no comparative data on knowledge between physicians, nurses, and medical/nursing students.
T479 380836-380847 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T480 380848-381030 Sentence denotes We compared different professional groups in order to assess HCWs knowledge of guidelines for preventing CVC-related infection in the P-ICU and N-ICU of a large teaching institution.
T481 381031-381147 Sentence denotes We distributed a 12-question multiple-choice questionnaire to HCWs in both units between November 2009 and May 2010.
T482 381148-381196 Sentence denotes We also recorded participants' demographic data.
T483 381197-381260 Sentence denotes Each correct answer was scored as 1 and incorrect answers as 0.
T484 381261-381345 Sentence denotes We created individual and grouped scores of adequate responses ranging from 0 to 12.
T485 381346-381354 Sentence denotes Results:
T486 381355-381447 Sentence denotes We collected 174 questionnaires from both the P-ICU and the N-ICU (91 and 83, respectively).
T487 381448-381658 Sentence denotes Of these, 6 (3.4%) were returned by medical staff, 2 (1.1%) by medical residents, 99 (56.9%) by nurse staff, 18 (10.3%) by replacement nurses, 8 (4.6%) by nursing students, and 41 (23.6%) by nursing assistants.
T488 381659-381691 Sentence denotes The overall mean score was 7.05.
T489 381692-381860 Sentence denotes As for professional category, there were statistically significant differences between mean scores for nursing assistants (5.9) and medical/nursing staff (8.7 and 7.6).
T490 381861-382092 Sentence denotes Moreover, years of experience were associated with better scores (>10y, 8.1 vs. <1y, 6.9 and 1−5 y, 6.7) and those participants who received training sessions in the last year had better scores than those who did not (7.7 vs. 6.6).
T491 382093-382105 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T492 382106-382207 Sentence denotes Our results show that there is room for improvement in HCWs knowledge of prevention of CVC infection.
T493 382208-382311 Sentence denotes Simple, easyto-obtain scores can help to evaluate the impact of educational and interventional bundles.
T494 382312-382388 Sentence denotes Clinical epidemiology of nosocomial infections (POWI, VAP, UTI, BSI, . . . )
T495 382389-382400 Sentence denotes Background:
T496 382401-382599 Sentence denotes Aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with high antibiotic resistance rates belong to Gram positive and negative organisms isolated in 2010 using epidemiological analysis.
T497 382600-382608 Sentence denotes Methods:
T498 382609-382894 Sentence denotes A case-control study of 72 patients with Extended Spectrum b Lactamase producing organisms and 33 patients with Amp C producing organisms, 222 patients with non-ESBL organisms and 75 patients with Gram positive organisms was conducted in a subsidial care hospital ofÇanakkale province.
T499 382895-382974 Sentence denotes Demographics, co-morbidities, antibiotics usage were analysed for all patients.
T500 382975-383121 Sentence denotes Results: ESBL and AmpC (+) producing microorganisms were more isolated from patients that belong to over 65-year age and 0−1 age groups (p:0,005).
T501 383122-383298 Sentence denotes The risk factors including hospitalisation (OR:3,1; 1,19−8,1; p:0,018), co-morbidity (OR:2,1; 1,12−7,3, p:0,024), were found higher in ESBL (+) group compared to ESBL(−) group.
T502 383299-383441 Sentence denotes Hospitalisation at last three months was found as a risk factor for resistance to any 3rd generation cephalosporins (OR:2,4; 0,9−6,3; p:0,04).
T503 383442-383607 Sentence denotes There was a correlation between ESBL (+) production and resistant to many antibiotics that are generally used for ampiric treatment (p < 0,05, Pearson correlation r:
T504 383608-383660 Sentence denotes 0,78), except for piperacillintazobactam (p > 0,05).
T505 383661-383722 Sentence denotes ESBL production was significantly higher in K. pneumoniae (p:
T506 383723-383871 Sentence denotes 0,0005), E. cloacae (p:0,001), E. sakazakii (p:0,001) and A. baumannii (p:0,005) strains more than other Gram negative strains revealed in Table- 1.
T507 383872-383983 Sentence denotes Hospitalisation was single significant risk factor for patients with MRSA (OR:1,8, 0,7−1,2, p:0,005; Table-1) .
T508 383984-384035 Sentence denotes Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus was not isolated.
T509 384036-384047 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T510 384048-384243 Sentence denotes Hospitalisation and co-morbidity causing to colonisation and impairment on immunity are the most important risk factors for ESBL producing microorganisms related infections as our study revealed.
T511 384244-384442 Sentence denotes Although antibiotic usage including 2nd, 3rd generation cephalosporins and quinolones was cited as a risk factor for ESBL related infections, it was not found significant statistically in our study.
T512 384443-384752 Sentence denotes Piperacillin-tazobactam could be thought as an option to treat the resistant Gram negative infections associated with K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, E. sakazakii and A. baumannii whose ESBL rates are frequently higher in our local settings but carbapenems, should be opted for serious patients with co-morbidites.
T513 384753-384876 Sentence denotes Consequently, immunity and infection control programs are important factors against increasing antibiotic resistance rates.
T514 384877-384887 Sentence denotes Objective:
T515 384888-385012 Sentence denotes Infections in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are associated with prolonged hospitalisation and adverse outcomes.
T516 385013-385113 Sentence denotes The acknowledgement of the pre-disposing risk factors may help decrease the morbidity and mortality.
T517 385114-385253 Sentence denotes We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the incidence, bacteriology and risk factors for development of infection after TBI.
T518 385254-385379 Sentence denotes The records of patients >18 years old, admitted with head injury in Crete Univ Med Ctr between 1999 and 2005 were abstracted.
T519 385380-385409 Sentence denotes Data were analysed with SPSS.
T520 385410-385418 Sentence denotes Results:
T521 385419-385471 Sentence denotes 760 patients (75% men, median age 41) were analyzed.
T522 385472-385563 Sentence denotes Two hundred fifty eight patients (33% of the admissions) underwent 342 surgical procedures.
T523 385564-385612 Sentence denotes Burr-hole was the most common procedure (29.2%).
T524 385613-385656 Sentence denotes The median duration of surgery was 2 hours.
T525 385657-385718 Sentence denotes In 23% of the patients there was some kind of drain inserted.
T526 385719-385765 Sentence denotes Two hundred fourteen infections were observed.
T527 385766-385934 Sentence denotes The majority were infections of the lower respiratory tract (47%), mainly ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (33%), followed by surgical site infections (SSI) (17%).
T528 385935-386032 Sentence denotes Fifty three of the admissions (6.3%) were complicated with at least one SSI, superficial or deep.
T529 386033-386094 Sentence denotes The most common SSI was wound infection (2.2% of the cohort).
T530 386095-386265 Sentence denotes The patients who underwent neurosurgery had a lower Glasgow Coma scale (GCS) on admission, they were more prone to be admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and bear drains.
T531 386266-386347 Sentence denotes They were also more prone to develop meningitis, SSI and had increased mortality.
T532 386348-386689 Sentence denotes Multivariate analysis showed that SSI development was independently associated with performance of >2 procedures (p < 0.001), presence of concomitant infections, namely VAP (p = 0.004) and urinary tract infections (p = 0.001), insertion of lumbar (p = 0.002) and ventricular drains (p = 0.050) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak (p = 0.050).
T533 386690-386845 Sentence denotes Meningitis was independently associated with prolonged hospitalisation (p = 0.001) and insertion of lumbar (p < 0.001) and ventricular drains (p = 0.0017).
T534 386846-387028 Sentence denotes There was a predominance of Acinetobacter spp as a VAP pathogen (38%) whereas Gram(+) organisms (especially coagulasenegative staphylococci) remained the most prevalent in SSI (53%).
T535 387029-387041 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T536 387042-387124 Sentence denotes Respiratory tract infections were the most common among patients with head injury.
T537 387125-387269 Sentence denotes Device-related communication of the CSF with the environment and prolonged hospitalisation were independent risk factors for SSI and meningitis.
T538 387270-387425 Sentence denotes The prevalence of the pathogens must be determined upon institutional basis for the establishment of proper treatment of these life threatening infections.
T539 387426-387437 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T540 387438-387694 Sentence denotes Rates of hospital-acquired infections have varied between 5 and 10 episodes per 1000 hospital admissions and continue to be a major problem, causing high morbidity, mortality and significantly increasing the length of hospitalization and cost of treatment.
T541 387695-387810 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hospital-acquired infections at Duzce University Hospital, in Turkey.
T542 387811-387880 Sentence denotes The study was carried out at the Duzce University Hospital (350-bed).
T543 387881-387973 Sentence denotes 2009 prevalence of hospital-acquired infections in our hospital was prospectively evaluated.
T544 387974-388016 Sentence denotes A total of 11333 inpatients were searched.
T1 388017-388143 Sentence denotes During one year follow up period, 384-hospital-acquired infection episodes were detected in hospitalized patients (n = 11333).
T2 388144-388221 Sentence denotes The prevalence rates of patients with hospital-acquired infections were 3.4%.
T3 388222-388270 Sentence denotes The incidence density was 5.2/1000 patient days.
T4 388271-388483 Sentence denotes The most common hospital-acquired infections by primary site were pneumonia (47.1%), followed by urinary tract infection (19.5%), surgical site infections (16.9%), bacteremia (14.8%), and other infections (1.6%).
T5 388484-388724 Sentence denotes Hospitalacquired infections were seen frequently in the department of neurology (7.7%), internal medicine (3.3%), neurosurgery (2.9%), general surgery (2.5%), urology (2.4%), orthopedics (1.9%), infectious disease (0.5%), pediatrics (0.5%).
T6 388725-388792 Sentence denotes Hospital-acquired infection rate in intensive care units was 26.2%.
T7 388793-389013 Sentence denotes The most prevalent microorganisms were Pseudomonas spp. (33.5%), Escherichia coli (14.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.6%), Acinetobacter spp. (9.5%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (8.1%), Enterobacter spp ( Objectives:
T8 389014-389324 Sentence denotes Greece has been participating in the ARTEMIS global surveillance programme since 1997 through October 2009, in order to study the epidemiology of Candida strains in our hospital and monitor their susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole using a low cost, reproducible and accurate standard in vitro test.
T9 389325-389333 Sentence denotes Methods:
T10 389334-389483 Sentence denotes Strains isolated from patients with severe Candida infections from all body sites and all hospital locations were collected, identified and analyzed.
T11 389484-389573 Sentence denotes Susceptibility was investigated with disk diffusion testing according to CLSI M44 method.
T12 389574-389659 Sentence denotes Test results were read, interpreted and recorded with the Biomic plate reader system.
T13 389660-389668 Sentence denotes Results:
T14 389669-389715 Sentence denotes A total of 1461 Candida strains were recorded.
T15 389716-389978 Sentence denotes Most prominent species was C. albicans (63.6%), with a year-frequency ranging from 52 to 75%, followed by C. glabrata (14.5%, range 6.9-23.5%) and C. parapsilosis (7.2%, range 0.9−9.6%, except for the years 2007 and 2009 in which a 24.1% frequency was observed).
T16 389979-390031 Sentence denotes All other species together had a frequency of 5−24%.
T17 390032-390153 Sentence denotes The sensitivity of C. albicans to fluconazole equalled that to voriconazole (92.5% versus 92.6% of strains respectively).
T18 390154-390261 Sentence denotes For the C. glabrata, the respective percentages were 72.4 and 75 and for the C. parapsilosis 85.7 and 92.8.
T19 390262-390439 Sentence denotes Most of the resistant strains of all species were isolated from miscellaneous body fluids, the upper respiratory tract and blood and derived from the ICU and the surgical wards.
T20 390440-390554 Sentence denotes During the years 2006-2009, the C. albicans strains resistant to fluconazole were 13.1% and to voriconazole 14.3%.
T21 390555-390623 Sentence denotes In the previous years only 5% and 4.4% were resistant, respectively.
T22 390624-390865 Sentence denotes A comparable increase in resistant strains was noted also for C. glabrata (47.8% versus 33.4% in previous years to fluconazole and 43.9% versus 16.9% to voriconazole) and C. parapsilosis (11.2% versus 6.6% and 4.6% versus 2.3% respectively).
T23 390866-390918 Sentence denotes The remaining species did not show increasing rates.
T24 390919-390931 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T25 390932-391061 Sentence denotes Of the Candida species isolated in our hospital, the most prominent was C. albicans, followed by C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis.
T26 391062-391153 Sentence denotes The frequency of isolation of these strains varied from year to year without a clear trend.
T27 391154-391264 Sentence denotes However, an increase in strains resistant to fluconazole and voriconazole was observed in the last four years.
T28 391265-391477 Sentence denotes These results confirm the need for monitoring the local epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of Candida strains in order to optimize the empirical or targeted therapy, especially in critically ill patients.
T29 391478-391499 Sentence denotes Introduction and Aim:
T30 391500-391672 Sentence denotes Hydatid cyst is an infection of Echinococci and still represents a serious problem in endemic regions, especially in the Middle East, Mediterranean countries and Australia.
T31 391673-391771 Sentence denotes Rupture of a hydatid cyst commonly gives rise to allergic phenomena, including anaphylactic shock.
T32 391772-391855 Sentence denotes Rupture of cyst can occur spontaneously or during surgery as well as due to trauma.
T33 391856-391959 Sentence denotes We describe a patient who after trauma presented to the emergency department with scant physical signs.
T34 391960-391972 Sentence denotes Case report:
T35 391973-392095 Sentence denotes A 17-year-old girl was admitted to our emergency department after falling down of motorcycle, 15 to 20 minutes previously.
T36 392096-392182 Sentence denotes She was only complained of pain of her head and she had two minor traumas on her face.
T37 392183-392392 Sentence denotes On presentation, her Glasgow Coma Scale was 15, blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, pulse rate 110 beats per minute, temperature was 36.8ºC and her physical examination was normal except for mild abdominal tenderness.
T38 392393-392481 Sentence denotes There was no evidence of any other injury and the secondary survey was otherwise normal.
T39 392482-392604 Sentence denotes White blood cell count was 16,400/mm 3 , eosinophilia was absent and the other laboratory tests were within normal limits.
T40 392605-392753 Sentence denotes She underwent head and neck computed tomography without sciagraphic fluid and during examination general urticaria developed and it was progressive.
T41 392754-392877 Sentence denotes The examination stopped and fluid resuscitation, methyloprednisolone and diphenylhydramine were administered intravenously.
T42 392878-392997 Sentence denotes Once her condition had stabilized she underwent abdomen computed tomography to determine the cause of the abdomen pain.
T43 392998-393070 Sentence denotes There was no free fluid which usually excludes intraperitoneal bleeding.
T44 393071-393209 Sentence denotes There was one ruptured cyst on the right lobe of the liver and another cyst measuring 104 mm with thin wall on the left lobe of the liver.
T45 393210-393341 Sentence denotes The patient turned to have a rupture of a hydatid cyst and she was immediately taken to the operation room by the general surgeons.
T46 393342-393394 Sentence denotes Drainage and capitonage of the cysts were performed.
T47 393395-393526 Sentence denotes The patient was treated with albendazole for three months and at six months' follow-up she remained well without any complications.
T48 393527-393538 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T49 393539-393647 Sentence denotes Rupture of hydatid cyst is rare and can occur spontaneously following serious injuries or even minor trauma.
T50 393648-393729 Sentence denotes Anaphylaxis is the most frequent cause of death in cases of hydatid cyst rupture.
T51 393730-393821 Sentence denotes Echinococcus liver cysts should be suspected in cases of anaphylaxis of uncertain etiology.
T52 393822-393975 Sentence denotes Acute vascular collapse, generalized cutaneous erythema, urticaria and edema are suggestive of anaphylaxis from hydatidosis, especially in endemic areas.
T53 393976-393978 Sentence denotes A.
T54 393979-394002 Sentence denotes Rodriguez Guardado*, G.
T55 394003-394013 Sentence denotes Martin, L.
T56 394014-394024 Sentence denotes Casado, F.
T57 394025-394034 Sentence denotes Perez, M.
T58 394035-394048 Sentence denotes Rodriguez, V.
T59 394049-394060 Sentence denotes Carcaba, J.
T60 394061-394094 Sentence denotes Carton (Oviedo, ES) Introduction:
T61 394095-394268 Sentence denotes Travelers visiting friends or relatives (VFRs) typically demonstrate travel and behavioural patterns which render them at high risk for acquisition of preventable infection.
T62 394269-394484 Sentence denotes Pre-travel services are rarely sought by VFRs, whereas misconceptions that they possess life-long immunity against malaria make them less likely to receive or adhere to antimalarial chemoprophylaxis recommendations.
T63 394485-394495 Sentence denotes Objective:
T64 394496-394620 Sentence denotes We analyzed the adherence of this group against these measures of prophylaxis and health problems resulting from the travel.
T65 394621-394629 Sentence denotes Methods:
T66 394630-394882 Sentence denotes All VFRs travellers attended in a tropical medicine referral unit between 2007-2010 were interviewed with a questionnaire investigating use of malaria prophylaxis, vaccination, and knowledge of dietary and hygiene measures before and during the travel.
T67 394883-395002 Sentence denotes VFR was defined as all immigrants permanently established in Spain who temporarily travelling to their place of origin.
T68 395003-395050 Sentence denotes We analyzed 61 immigrants (mean time of travel:
T69 395051-395060 Sentence denotes 91 days).
T70 395061-395221 Sentence denotes They travelled to Senegal (33%) Equatorial Guinea (25%), Ecuador (18%), Bolivia (8%), Venezuela (5%), Brazil, Cameroon and Colombia (3% each) and Ethiopia (2%).
T71 395222-395381 Sentence denotes Only 23% patients received health's advice before travel, 72% of travellers didn't received any vaccine and 78% did not carry out antimalaria chemoprophylaxis.
T72 395382-395407 Sentence denotes Only 25% used safe water.
T73 395408-395430 Sentence denotes No one use repellents.
T74 395431-395493 Sentence denotes Twenty-eight patients (46%) were to be illness to return home.
T75 395494-395607 Sentence denotes Twenty-six patients had diarrhea during the trip and 20% fever, being the most frequent reasons for consultation.
T76 395608-395669 Sentence denotes In 32% of cases the diarrhea was due to parasitic infections.
T77 395670-395750 Sentence denotes Eight patients had malaria, in 6 cases due to P. falciparum and two to P. vivax.
T78 395751-395877 Sentence denotes Conclusions: VFRs are a group of high risk for imported disease due to poor adherence to vaccination and prophylaxis measures.
T79 395878-396102 Sentence denotes At present, immigrants visiting friends and relatives (VFRs) constitute the most significant group of travellers for malaria importation in developed countries, with sub-Saharan Africa destinations carrying the highest risk.
T80 396103-396190 Sentence denotes There is an urgent need to increase health's travel advice in this group of travellers.
T81 396191-396352 Sentence denotes Statistical data analysis used descriptive and and analytic methods − Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.
T82 396353-396416 Sentence denotes The value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
T83 396417-396425 Sentence denotes Results:
T84 396426-396485 Sentence denotes Within 5 years 44 patients were treated with trihinellosis.
T85 396486-396588 Sentence denotes Around 2/3 (68.18%) of them were men, average age being 41.18±14.51, mostly from urban region (65.9%).
T86 396589-396708 Sentence denotes Source of infection was known in 95% of the cases, out of which in 90% the cause was found to be with domestic animals.
T87 396709-396846 Sentence denotes Duration of the disease before making diagnosis was on the average 11.5±6.55 days, and duration the hospitalisation lasted 16.5±8.1 days.
T88 396847-397139 Sentence denotes There were no lethal outcomes, the disease have ended well with 39 patients, while 5 patients (11.36%) had a disease complications-two of them hepatitis, one neurotrichinellosis with neurological consequences, while two patients had myocarditis (one of them developed deep venous thrombosis).
T89 397140-397329 Sentence denotes Comparing groups of patients with or without complications, the statistically significant difference was shown in time between the intake of food and the appearance of symptoms (p = 0,461).
T90 397330-397619 Sentence denotes Duration of the disease before the diagnostic and treatment had no effect on the frequency of complications (p = 0,643), while there was statistically significant correlation between the duration of the sickness before the diagnosis was made and duration of the hospitalisation (p < 0.05).
T91 397620-397631 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T92 397632-397759 Sentence denotes Although trihinellosis is a rare disease, it still represents a significant medical problem which we need to be reminded about.
T93 397760-397927 Sentence denotes Timely diagnosis and beginning of treatment affects the shortening of the hospitalisation and time of recovery, but has no influence on the frequency of complications.
T94 397928-398250 Sentence denotes Spain could be a potential area in Europe for the development and spread of emerging diseases from the tropics due to its characteristics, and their important migratory flows We analyzed clinical-epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases imported by immigrants from developing countries in the north of Spain.
T95 398251-398259 Sentence denotes Methods:
T96 398260-398370 Sentence denotes A retrospective descriptive study of 341 immigrants from developing countries who live in Spain was conducted.
T97 398371-398482 Sentence denotes Demographic data, details of country of origin, time on Spain, clinical syndromes, and diagnoses were analyzed.
T98 398483-398491 Sentence denotes Results:
T99 398492-398653 Sentence denotes The countries of origin were Ecuatorial Guinea (28%), Senegal (21%), Ecuador (10%), Bolivia (7%), Nigeria (6%), Guinea-Conakry (4%), Marruecos (4%), Brazil (3%).
T100 398654-398690 Sentence denotes The mean time of Spain was 910 days.
T101 398691-398796 Sentence denotes Most common syndromes were abdominal pain (25%), diarrhea (21%), cutaneous syndrome (10%) and fever (7%).
T102 398797-398939 Sentence denotes Most frequent diagnoses were intestinal parasites (48%), filariasis (17%), Chagas disease (5,5%), malaria (4,5%) . and schistosomiasis (3.5%).
T103 398940-398984 Sentence denotes The most frequent intestinal parasites were:
T104 398985-399090 Sentence denotes Entamoeba histolytica (22%), Strongyloides spp (12.6%), Trichuris trichiura (10%) and Uncinaria spp (5%).
T105 399091-399190 Sentence denotes 70% of patients had one parasite, 17% two parasites, 9% three parasites and 4% 4 or more parasites.
T106 399191-399238 Sentence denotes 69,8% of patients were from Subsaharian Africa.
T107 399239-399304 Sentence denotes All patients diagnosed of filariasis were from Ecuatorial Guinea.
T108 399305-399402 Sentence denotes The most frequent were M. perstans (70%), filariasis Loa loa (20%) and Onchocerca volvulus (10%).
T109 399403-399415 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T110 399416-399511 Sentence denotes Increased migratory flows is a key factor for the development and spread of emerging pathogens.
T111 399512-399589 Sentence denotes Information on these diseases is essential to early diagnostic and treatment.
T112 399590-399694 Sentence denotes Intestinal parasites were the most frequent disease following to filariasis, malaria and Chagas disease.
T113 399695-399706 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T114 399707-399831 Sentence denotes World Health Organization (WHO) has determined that Leishmaniasis is considered one of the most important zoonotic diseases.
T115 399833-399840 Sentence denotes Turkey.
T116 399841-399900 Sentence denotes Transmission of L. infantum is from dog to vector to human.
T117 399901-400005 Sentence denotes The percentage of positive dogs of our study is in accordance with previous studies performed in Turkey.
T118 400006-400121 Sentence denotes Since a high proportion of infected dogs are asymtomatic, diagnosis of Leishmania infections is an serious problem.
T119 400122-400305 Sentence denotes The parasitological methods present complex interferences, such as NNN culture has a low sensitivity and seeing the parasites fixed in glass slides after Giemsa staining is difficult.
T120 400306-400419 Sentence denotes Therefore Real Time PCR is effective for especially differential diagnosis of sub-clinical and asymptomatic Dogs.
T121 400420-400422 Sentence denotes S.
T122 400423-400431 Sentence denotes Cho*, J.
T123 400432-400441 Sentence denotes Chung, J.
T124 400442-400449 Sentence denotes Ahn, K.
T125 400450-400459 Sentence denotes Chang, M.
T126 400460-400467 Sentence denotes You, J.
T127 400468-400476 Sentence denotes Chai, Y.
T128 400477-400485 Sentence denotes Kang, S.
T129 400486-400493 Sentence denotes Kim, H.
T130 400494-400504 Sentence denotes Jeoung, D.
T131 400505-400514 Sentence denotes Cheon, A.
T132 400515-400525 Sentence denotes Jeoung, E.
T133 400526-400599 Sentence denotes Choi (Seoul, KR) The morbidity of travelers' diarrhea (TD) is still high.
T134 400600-400742 Sentence denotes This study examined the incidence of common pathogens and characteristics of TD among Korean travelers who visited South-East Asian countries.
T135 400743-400938 Sentence denotes We performed a prospective study involving 479 Korean travelers with diarrheal disease from February 2009 to April 2009 and stool samples were examined and questionnaires were done after arrival.
T136 400939-401033 Sentence denotes Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was found in 36.0% of TD cases, as were the following:
T137 401034-401143 Sentence denotes Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) in 27.0%, Vibrio parahaemolyticus in 13.1%, and Norovirus in 11.5%.
T138 401144-401352 Sentence denotes The detected rate of classic TD was higher in men, in patients who had a shorter duration trip and in patients who drank more than 1 liter of water per day (P = 0.007, P = 0.023, and P = 0.037, respectively).
T139 401353-401532 Sentence denotes Positive stool culture rates were higher in men, in hospitalized patients, and in those who consumed impure water or raw foods (P = 0.005, P = 0.013, and P = 0.033, respectively).
T140 401533-401637 Sentence denotes A higher severity of disease corresponded to a significantly higher culture positivity rate (P = 0.029).
T141 401638-401826 Sentence denotes We should consider the possibility of other pathogens in addition to ETEC in patients with TD who visit South-East Asia and travelers need to educate about risk factors associated with TD.
T142 401827-401829 Sentence denotes I.
T143 401830-401842 Sentence denotes Marincu*, L.
T144 401843-401855 Sentence denotes Negrutiu, I.
T145 401856-401869 Sentence denotes Iacobiciu, M.
T146 401870-401879 Sentence denotes Mares, A.
T147 401880-401891 Sentence denotes Neghina, L.
T148 401892-401903 Sentence denotes Marincu, R.
T149 401904-401945 Sentence denotes Neghina (Timisoara, Iasi, RO) Objectives:
T150 401946-402067 Sentence denotes Diarrhea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, although its etiology remains unknown in many cases.
T151 402068-402243 Sentence denotes The present study aimed at establishing the etiological spectrum of pathogens causing diarrhea in a group of refugee arrivals to Center for Immigrants from Timisoara, Romania.
T152 402244-402252 Sentence denotes Methods:
T153 402253-402416 Sentence denotes There were retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 68 immigrants hospitalized with diarrhea at Clinic of Infectious Diseases in Timisoara during 2008-2009.
T154 402417-403150 Sentence denotes Diagnosis was established based on the epidemiological aspects (the acute onset following collective or individual consumption of food with inadequate physical and organoleptic properties, stored in poor conditions or even expired), physical examination (fever, repeated shivers, nausea, vomiting, headache, multiple watery diarrhea, fetid stools, tenesmus, abdominal colic, pyrosis, dizziness, paresthesias of lower limbs), laboratory tests (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood counts, fibrinogen, C reactive protein, glycemia, blood cultures, lingual swabs, throat swabs, stool cultures, stool parasitological examinations, natremia, kalemia, calcaemia) and other medical explorations (abdominal ultrasound, electrocardiography).
T155 403151-403252 Sentence denotes Data of the epidemiological survey were collected from the Institute of Public Health from Timisoara.
T156 403253-403371 Sentence denotes The data was statistically processed using Epi Info 3 software. (analgesics, antipyretics, antispasmodics, antacids) .
T157 403372-403498 Sentence denotes Twelve cases received antibiotics therapy prior to hospital admission, thus complicating the detection of the etiologic agent.
T158 403499-403535 Sentence denotes All patients had favorable outcomes.
T159 403536-403547 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T160 403548-403747 Sentence denotes Knowledge of the etiology of diarrhea among immigrants patients allows the proper implementation of targeted therapy and prophylaxis measures in order to limit diarrheal morbidity in persons at risk.
T161 403748-403750 Sentence denotes I.
T162 403751-403763 Sentence denotes Marincu*, L.
T163 403764-403776 Sentence denotes Negrutiu, I.
T164 403777-403790 Sentence denotes Iacobiciu, M.
T165 403791-403800 Sentence denotes Mares, A.
T166 403801-403812 Sentence denotes Neghina, L.
T167 403813-403824 Sentence denotes Marincu, R.
T168 403825-403866 Sentence denotes Neghina (Timisoara, Iasi, RO) Objectives:
T169 403867-404017 Sentence denotes Scabies is a highly contagious parasitic dermatosis with a worldwide distribution that may cause significant morbidity and large nosocomial outbreaks.
T170 404018-404165 Sentence denotes The present study aimed at analyzing the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of scabies in hospitalized patients with infectious diseases.
T171 404166-404174 Sentence denotes Methods:
T172 404175-404333 Sentence denotes Data were retrospectively collected from the medical charts of 62 patients found with scabies lesions at Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Timisoara during 2009.
T173 404334-404819 Sentence denotes The positive diagnosis was established based on the epidemiological aspects (recent travels, family or collective outbreaks, sex with multiple partners), physical examination (lesions such as papules, pustules, burrows, nodules, and occasionally urticarial papules and plaques with patognomonic distribution: interdigital web spaces of the hands, perimalleolar and periumbilical region, ribs, horizontal gluteal crease, radiocarpal joint) and intense generalized skin itching at night.
T174 404820-404929 Sentence denotes The diagnosis was confirmed either by microscopic identification of mites in skin scrapings or by dermoscopy.
T175 404930-405057 Sentence denotes Patients followed treatment with precipitated sulfur apply topically to entire trunk and extremities every 24 hours for 3 days.
T176 405058-405119 Sentence denotes Disinfection was carried out at all linen and personal items.
T177 405120-405128 Sentence denotes Results:
T178 405129-405239 Sentence denotes Of the study group, 40 (64.5%) patients were rural inhabitants and 22 (35.5%, p = 0.002) lived in urban areas.
T179 405240-405288 Sentence denotes Six familial outbreaks occured in rural regions.
T180 405289-405465 Sentence denotes Scabies was mainly associated with respiratory diseases (22.6%), liver diaseases (19.4%), intestinal diseases (12.9%), psychiatric disorders (16.1%), urinary infections (9.7%).
T181 405466-405739 Sentence denotes Scabies lesions had the following patterns: edematous and urticariform papules (26 cases), papulo-vesicular lesions (22 cases), escoriations due to scratching (48 cases), and scratching related superinfected lesions with streptococcal or staphylococcal bacteria (35 cases).
T182 405740-405871 Sentence denotes Common form of scabies was evidenced in 24 patients (38.7%) whereas 38 cases (61.3%) had atypical course of the disease (p = 0.02).
T183 405872-406096 Sentence denotes All patients had favourable outcomes following therapy with precipitated sulfur associated with symptomatic medication (calcium, antihistamincs, antibiotics in bacterial superinfections), individual hygiene and disinfection.
T184 406097-406327 Sentence denotes The study of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of scabies in hospitalized patients with infectious diseases allows early diagnosis of this parasitosis as well as timely implementation of effective prophylactic measures.
T185 406328-406339 Sentence denotes Background:
T186 406340-406431 Sentence denotes Cryptosporidium sp taxonomy has gone through a number of changes in the last three decades.
T187 406432-406575 Sentence denotes Initially a single species, C parvum − with a number of clonal genotypes loosely corresponding to specific vertebrate hosts, had been proposed.
T188 406576-406754 Sentence denotes The current nomenclature suggests, for all cryptosporidial organisms with an oocyst size of 4−6 um, a number of cryptic species that are identified based on molecular genotyping.
T189 406755-406857 Sentence denotes This is believed to facilitate better understanding of transmission and other epidemiological factors.
T190 406858-406869 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T191 406870-407035 Sentence denotes This study was designed to assess the value, to the clinician and the epidemiologist, of the new cryptic species and whether this information would improve practice.
T192 407036-407044 Sentence denotes Methods:
T193 407045-407140 Sentence denotes Isolates that were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts by auramine staining were typed by PCR.
T194 407141-407289 Sentence denotes The resulting molcular speciation was then analysed with clinical data (age, travel history, contact with animals, sporadic or part of an outbreak).
T195 407290-407298 Sentence denotes Results:
T196 407299-407397 Sentence denotes In this study 27 isolates were typed, 13 C. parum, 12 C. hominis, 1 C. meleagridis and 1 C. felis.
T197 407398-407421 Sentence denotes There were some trends.
T198 407422-407566 Sentence denotes Two isolates from Egypt and 1 from Greece were identified as C. hominis, while isolates from Pakistan and St Lucia were identified as C. parvum.
T199 407567-407653 Sentence denotes This may represent epidemiological differences between the various travel desinations.
T200 407654-407793 Sentence denotes One patient has both C. parvum and Shigella sonnei isolated, this would be strongly suggestive of a contaminated water source of infection.
T201 407794-407859 Sentence denotes A second patient had both C. felis and Campylobacter sp isolated.
T202 407860-407904 Sentence denotes This patient had recently acquired a kitten.
T203 407905-408184 Sentence denotes It is possible that both pathogens contributed to the diarrhoea, or that the Campylobacter was the cause of the diarrhoea while the presence C. felis oocysts (a primary pathogen of feline hosts) may represent oocysts passing through the patient's gut rather than tissue invasion.
T204 408185-408197 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T205 408198-408341 Sentence denotes Identification of cryptosporidial isolates either by genotype or as one of the cryptic species allows better understanding of potential source.
T206 408342-408410 Sentence denotes Further studies are needed to confirm the trends seen in this study.
T207 408411-408422 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T208 408423-408723 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to compare the Neo-Sensitabs method with the CLSI reference broth microdilution (document M27-A3, S3) method for testing the susceptibility of 98 Candida spp. isolates to five antifungal agents (amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and voriconazole).
T209 408724-408732 Sentence denotes Methods:
T210 408733-408831 Sentence denotes In this study, the broth microdilution method was performed according to the CLSI recommendations.
T211 408832-408974 Sentence denotes The Neo-Sensitabs method was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions (Neo-Sensitabs; A/S Rosco Diagnostica, Taastrup, Denmark).
T212 408975-409037 Sentence denotes C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019 was used as quality control strain.
T213 409038-409046 Sentence denotes Results:
T214 409047-409326 Sentence denotes A total of 98 isolates of Candida spp.[C. albicans (n = 56), C. tropicalis (n = 22), C. parapsilosis (n = 6), C. glabrata (n = 4), C. dubliniensis (n = 3), C. krusei (n = 3), C. famata (n = 2), C. lusitaniae (n = 1), C. pelliculosa (n = 1)] were evaluated by both of the methods.
T215 409327-409555 Sentence denotes MIC ranges were found as 0.03−8.0 mg/ml, 0.05−64 mg/ml, 0.03−0.5 mg/ml, 0.03−1.0 mg/ml, and 0.03-0.12 mg/ml for amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and voriconazole for the microdilution method respectively.
T216 409556-409625 Sentence denotes All isolates were susceptible to voriconazole by both of the methods.
T217 409626-409894 Sentence denotes Ninety one (93%) of all isolates were determined as susceptible, two (2%) (C. albicans) were found susceptible dose dependent (SDD), and five (5%) [C. krusei (n = 3), C. glabrata (n = 1), C. albicans (n = 1)] were found resistant to fluconazole by both of the methods.
T218 409895-410064 Sentence denotes Ninety two (94%) of all isolates were determined as susceptible, six (6%) [C. krusei (n = 3), C. albicans (n = 3)] were found SDD to itraconazole by both of the methods.
T219 410065-410165 Sentence denotes There was 100% agreement between two of the methods for these three antifungal agents in this study.
T220 410166-410391 Sentence denotes Two (2%; C. albicans, C. glabrata) and eight [8%; C. albicans(n = 3), C. krusei(n = 3), C. glabrata, C. tropicalis] isolates were determined as resistant to amphotericin B and ketoconazole by both of the methods respectively.
T221 410392-410620 Sentence denotes One (C. albicans) and three [C. albicans (n = 2), C. glabrata] isolates were intermediate to amphotericin B and ketoconazole by Neo-Sensitabs method, but the same strains were susceptible to these antifungals by standard method.
T222 410621-410745 Sentence denotes In this situation minor errors were calculated 0.01% for amphotericin B, and 0.03% for ketoconazole by Neo-Sensitabs method.
T223 410746-410889 Sentence denotes The Neo-Sensitabs method may be an alternative and easy method for the clinical laboratories to determine the susceptibility of yeast isolates.
T224 410890-410892 Sentence denotes C.
T225 410893-410905 Sentence denotes Tascini*, A.
T226 410906-410918 Sentence denotes Leonildi, I.
T227 410919-410929 Sentence denotes Ciullo, E.
T228 410930-410945 Sentence denotes Tagliaferri, F.
T229 410946-410979 Sentence denotes Menichetti (Pisa, IT) Objectives:
T230 410980-411173 Sentence denotes To study the activity of antifungal agents against Candida spp strains isolated from invasive candidiasis and to assess the fungicidal activity of amphotericin B, caspofungin and anidulafungin.
T231 411174-411260 Sentence denotes Fungicidal activity of azoles was not studied because they are considered fungistatic.
T232 411261-411269 Sentence denotes Methods:
T233 411270-411390 Sentence denotes All the strains of Candida spp isolated from invasive candidiasis in Pisa Hospital in the 2009-2010 period were studied.
T234 411391-411485 Sentence denotes MICs of all strains were performed with the Sensititre method under manufacturer instructions.
T235 411486-411635 Sentence denotes All the wells without growth of yeast were sub-cultured in order to measure the fungicidal activity of amphotericin B, caspofungin and anidulafungin.
T236 411636-411739 Sentence denotes Minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of these drugs was defined by a 99,9% reduction of the inoculum.
T237 411740-411748 Sentence denotes Results:
T238 411749-411811 Sentence denotes Thirty-three Candida spp isolates were included in this study.
T239 411812-411926 Sentence denotes Thirty strains were isolated from blood, 1 from liver abscess, 1 from vertebral osteomyelitis, 1 from peritonitis.
T240 411927-412080 Sentence denotes Among these strains, C. albicans were 17 strains and Candida non-albicans 16 strains (7 C. parapsilosis, 4 C. glabrata, 3 C. tropicalis and 2 C. krusei).
T241 412081-412136 Sentence denotes MIC 50 and MIC 90 for all strains are shown in table 1.
T242 412137-412325 Sentence denotes All antifungal agents, except amphotericin B have an increase of MIC 90 for Candida nonalbicans strains, with an increase of several dilutions with respect to those of C. albicans strains.
T243 412326-412363 Sentence denotes MFC50 and MFC90 are shown in table 1.
T244 412364-412519 Sentence denotes MFC50 and MFC90 of amphotericin B were 2 mg/L and between 4 and 8 mg/L, instead values for echinocandins were superior especially for Candida non-albicans.
T245 412520-412531 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T246 412532-412606 Sentence denotes Candida non-albicans strains have elevated MICs for all antifungal agents.
T247 412607-412726 Sentence denotes Amphotericin B fungicidal activity is superior to that of echinocandins, especially among Candida non-albicans strains.
T248 412727-412799 Sentence denotes If this activity might be used in the clinical ground has to be studied.
T249 412800-412802 Sentence denotes H.
T250 412803-412817 Sentence denotes Bernhardt*, M.
T251 412818-412827 Sentence denotes Knoke, G.
T252 412828-412843 Sentence denotes Schwesinger, J.
T253 412844-412854 Sentence denotes Bufler, J.
T254 412855-412910 Sentence denotes Bernhardt (Greifswald, Berlin, Rostock, DE) Objectives:
T255 412911-413100 Sentence denotes We investigated the antifungal effect of anidulafungin (AND) or voriconazole (VRC) on biofilms and MIC values of different Candida species in a small tube system of continuous flow culture.
T256 413101-413109 Sentence denotes Methods:
T257 413110-413156 Sentence denotes We carried out 21 experiments with 23 strains.
T258 413157-413424 Sentence denotes Strains of C. albicans (Ca), C. glabrata (Cgl), C. tropicalis (Ct), C. krusei (Ck), C. parapsilosis (Cp), C. orthopsilosis (Co), C. metapsilosis (Cm), C. lusitaniae (Cl) and C. guilliermondii (Cgui) from blood culture isolates were grown in small tubes (V = 0.48 ml).
T259 413425-413552 Sentence denotes Peptone-yeast extract (0.5%/0.2%) + 50 mM glucose±AND (8 mg/l) or VRC (16 mg/l) was supplied at very low flow rates (1.3 ml/h).
T260 413553-413599 Sentence denotes The flow in the tube was 63-times within 24 h.
T261 413600-413702 Sentence denotes Biomass production, glucose concentration as metabolic activity, pH and planktonic CFUs were measured.
T262 413703-413748 Sentence denotes MIC testing was performed by Etest ® on RPMI.
T263 413749-413858 Sentence denotes Morphology of adherent fungal cells was assessed microscopically after staining with lactophenol cotton blue.
T264 413859-413867 Sentence denotes Results:
T265 413868-413979 Sentence denotes In the tube system the development of biofilm varied from species and strains and took place after 2 or 3 days.
T266 413980-414182 Sentence denotes After continuous input of AND the production stopped in case of sensible species like Ca or Ct, but the metabolic activity measured by glucose concentration did seldom reach the beginning concentration.
T267 414183-414240 Sentence denotes This could partly be shown after continuous input of VRC.
T268 414241-414383 Sentence denotes Different strains of Cp showed different results against AND, but there was no increase of resistance in these long term trials up to 10 days.
T269 414384-414567 Sentence denotes Biofilm of strains with a low susceptibility against AND like some Cp strains or candidaemia strains of Cl or Cgui stopped growth after input of VRC as also metabolic activity did so.
T270 414568-414579 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T271 414580-414817 Sentence denotes The small tube system is a model to get some information from biofilms of different Candida strains under conditions of long term cultivation with supply of low nutrition more similar to real conditions than batch culture. -3 protocol) .
T272 414818-414826 Sentence denotes Results:
T273 414827-414985 Sentence denotes During the study period a total of 142 episodes of candidemia occurred in 129 patients, accounting for a global incidence of 12.1 episodes/10,000 in-patients.
T274 414986-415053 Sentence denotes Median age of the patients was 56 years and 58% of them were males.
T275 415054-415364 Sentence denotes The most common species isolated was C. albicans (79 episodes, 55.6%), followed by C. parapsilosis (26 episodes, 18.3%), C. glabrata (18 episodes,12.7%), C. tropicalis (10 episodes, 7.0%), C. guilliermondii (4 episodes, 2.8%), C. krusei (3 episodes, 2.1%), C. dubliniensis and C. norvegensis (1 episode, 0.8%).
T276 415365-415483 Sentence denotes During the study period the incidence of candidemia increased from 7.1 to 18.5 episodes/10,000 in-patients (p < 0,01).
T277 415484-415600 Sentence denotes C. glabrata and C. krusei fungemia occurred more frequently in patients admitted to intensive care units (p = 0.04).
T278 415601-415804 Sentence denotes All the isolates resulted susceptible to voriconazole, posaonazole, amphotericin B and to the three echinocandins The susceptibility rate of fluconazole and itraconazole was 99.3 and 72.5%, respectively.
T279 415805-416046 Sentence denotes The antifungal agents tested had the following MICs90: fluconazole 8 mg/dl, itraconazole 2 mg/dl, mg/dl voriconazole 0.125, mg/dl posaconazole 0.5, amphotericin B 1 mg/dl, caspofungin 0.5 mg/dl, anidulafungin 2 mg/dl, and micafungin 2 mg/dl.
T280 416047-416059 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T281 416060-416132 Sentence denotes Candidemia is still a frequent complication among hospitalized patients.
T282 416133-416419 Sentence denotes We observed a progressive increase during the study period; this trend could be due to the increase of immunocompromised patients admitted to our institution, in particular hematological patients, solid organ transplant recipients and surgical patients admitted to intensive care units.
T283 416420-416537 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, C. albicans remained the prevalent species and the resistance rates to antifungal agents were very low.
T284 416538-416540 Sentence denotes K.
T285 416541-416557 Sentence denotes Serefhanoglu, F.
T286 416558-416574 Sentence denotes Timurkaynak*, F.
T287 416575-416581 Sentence denotes Can,Ö.
T288 416582-416595 Sentence denotes Kurt Azap, H.
T289 416596-416637 Sentence denotes Arslan (Istanbul, Ankara, TR) Objectives:
T290 416638-416931 Sentence denotes The objective of this prospective, observational, multicenter study was to describe factors associated with bloodstream infections (BSIs) with Candida non-albicans (NAC) species, compared with Candida albicans BSIs, and antifungal susceptibility patterns in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
T291 416932-417015 Sentence denotes The study was conducted in adult medical/surgical ICUs at two university hospitals.
T292 417016-417162 Sentence denotes All adult patients with ICU-acquired BSI due to Candida, excluding patients with neutropenia, malignancy or AIDS, between 2007-2009 were included.
T293 417163-417398 Sentence denotes Potential factors occurring up to 30 days before candidemia, including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, exposure to antibiotics and antifungals, ICU-related factors (i.e TPN, invasive procedures) and outcome were determined.
T294 417399-417543 Sentence denotes Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution assay method described by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute.
T295 417544-417552 Sentence denotes Results:
T296 417553-417622 Sentence denotes Clinical characteristics of the patients were presented in the Table.
T297 417623-417713 Sentence denotes Seventy-six cases (59,4%) of candidemia were due to C. albicans and 52 (40,6%) to NAC spp.
T298 417714-417850 Sentence denotes Distribution of the first three NAC spp. was C. tropicalis (22/52, 42,3%), C. glabrata (12/52, 23,1%) and C. parapsilosis (9/52, 17,3%).
T299 417851-418103 Sentence denotes Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the factors showed that presence of glucocorticosteroid treatment and a central venous catheter were variables independently associated with BSI due to NAC, compared with BSI due to C. albicans (P:0,001, OR:
T300 418104-418117 Sentence denotes 7,18, 95% CI:
T301 418118-418145 Sentence denotes 2,22−23,22; and P0,001, OR:
T302 418146-418160 Sentence denotes 20,13, 95% CI:
T303 418161-418188 Sentence denotes 3,64-111,18, respectively).
T304 418189-418263 Sentence denotes A total of 65 patients died within 30 days of the diagnosis of candidemia.
T305 418264-418424 Sentence denotes The mortality rate was higher in those with NAC than C. albicans BSI (61,5% vs 43.4%) and candidemia due to NAC spp. was independently associated with death (P:
T306 418425-418431 Sentence denotes 0.04).
T307 418432-418686 Sentence denotes Except for one C. lusitaniae strain, which was resistant to amphotericin B and four C. glabrata strains, which were fluconazole susceptible dose dependent, all Candida species were susceptible to fluconazole, caspofungin, voriconazole and amphotericin B.
T308 418687-418698 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T309 418699-418821 Sentence denotes Presence of a central venous catheter and glucocorticosteroid treatment were significantly associated with BSI due to NAC.
T310 418822-418915 Sentence denotes BSI due to NAC was significantly associated with death, compared with BSI due to C. albicans.
T311 418916-419109 Sentence denotes The in-vitro activity of fluconazole is encouraging, and this agent, an efficacious, inexpensive and safe drug, can continue to play an important role in the management of invasive candidiasis.
T312 419110-419112 Sentence denotes D.
T313 419113-419127 Sentence denotes Kofteridis, D.
T314 419128-419143 Sentence denotes Dimopoulou*, A.
T315 419144-419156 Sentence denotes Valachis, S.
T316 419157-419167 Sentence denotes Maraki, A.
T317 419168-419180 Sentence denotes Thanasia, V.
T318 419181-419201 Sentence denotes Theodorakopoulou, I.
T319 419202-419216 Sentence denotes Aristeidou, N.
T320 419217-419234 Sentence denotes Spernovasilis, G.
T321 419235-419276 Sentence denotes Samonis (Heraklion Crete, GR) Objectives:
T322 419277-419364 Sentence denotes Candiduria is encountered in cancer patients (pts) but its significance is not defined.
T323 419365-419449 Sentence denotes However, it may be indicator of urinary tract infection (UTI) or invasive infection.
T324 419450-419528 Sentence denotes The study aimed to determine the significance of candiduria in neoplastic pts.
T325 419529-419550 Sentence denotes Patients and Methods:
T326 419551-419764 Sentence denotes Adult pts with neoplasia and positive urine cultures for Candida, admitted to the Oncology or Haematology department of the University Hospital of Heraklion, Greece from 2005 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed.
T327 419765-419773 Sentence denotes Results:
T328 419774-419822 Sentence denotes Seventy one pts with candiduria were identified.
T329 419823-419851 Sentence denotes Of them 48 (68%) were males.
T330 419852-419888 Sentence denotes The median age was 71 (range 40−88).
T331 419889-419979 Sentence denotes The underlying disease was solid tumor in 51 (72%) and hematologic malignancy in 20 (28%).
T332 419980-420223 Sentence denotes The most frequent risk factor was use of urinary catheter or nephrostomy (69%), followed by antimicrobial treatment (60%), corticosteroids (42%), anatomic malformations of the urinary tract (29%), neutropenia (24%) and diabetes mellitus (21%).
T333 420224-420267 Sentence denotes Fever was present on admission in 59 (83%).
T334 420268-420299 Sentence denotes Nineteen pts (27%) had dysuria.
T335 420300-420396 Sentence denotes Flank pain and vomiting were prominent clinical features in 7 (10%) and 5 (7%) pts respectively.
T336 420397-420449 Sentence denotes UTI by established criteria was present in 51 (72%).
T337 420450-420704 Sentence denotes Among the 71 positive urine cultures, C. albicans was isolated in 44 (62%), and non-albicans in 27 (38%) [C. tropicalis 9 out of 27 (33%), C. parapsilosis 7 (26%) C. glabrata 6 (22%), C. famata 3 (11%), C. guilliermondii 1 (4%) and C. lusitaniae 1 (4%)].
T338 420705-420778 Sentence denotes Blood cultures were obtained from 59 (83%) and were positive in 15 (21%).
T339 420779-420831 Sentence denotes However, only 4 pts (6%) had Candida in their blood.
T340 420832-420879 Sentence denotes Death occurred in 26 (37%) pts with candiduria.
T341 420880-420982 Sentence denotes Factors associated with death included disease progression in 7 (27%) and sepsis syndrome in 19 (73%).
T342 420983-421044 Sentence denotes Candida spp. has been present in the blood of 2 pts who died.
T343 421045-421085 Sentence denotes All pts who died had advanced neoplasia.
T344 421086-421098 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T345 421099-421295 Sentence denotes Factors predisposing to candiduria, included urinary catheter or nephrostomy, prior use of antimicrobial agents, corticosteroids, anatomic malformations of the urinary tract and diabetes mellitus.
T346 421296-421481 Sentence denotes Candiduria was rarely associated with candidemia, however, has been associated with high mortality, probably because it occurred in pts with advanced neoplasia. , 2003 -2010 Objectives:
T347 421482-421684 Sentence denotes Dermatophytoses are considered as one of the major public health problems in many parts of the world which distribution varies in different countries and geographical areas depending on several factors.
T348 421685-421893 Sentence denotes This study was conducted to investigate the aetiological agents and the clinical variants of dermatophytoses, in Western Greece during a 8-year period (2003) (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) .
T349 421894-421902 Sentence denotes Methods:
T350 421903-422123 Sentence denotes A total of 3210 samples (skin scales, nail and hair fragments) obtained from 2616 patients with suspected dermatomycoses referred to the laboratory of Clinical Microbiology at the University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece.
T351 422124-422194 Sentence denotes The causative agents were identified by direct microscopy and culture.
T352 422195-422203 Sentence denotes Results:
T353 422204-422274 Sentence denotes Dermatophytes were isolated from 524 patients (20.03%), mainly adults.
T354 422275-422477 Sentence denotes The most common type of infection was onychomycosis (34.6%) followed by tinea pedis (28.5%), tinea corporis (18.5%), tinea cruris (8.5%), tinea capitis (4.6%), tinea manum (4.0%) and tinea facei (1.3%).
T355 422478-422575 Sentence denotes In forty seven patients the same dermatophyte was isolated from two different sites of infection.
T356 422576-422723 Sentence denotes The frequency for all types of tineas was higher in males than in females, while males exceeded females in cases of tinea corporis and tinea facei.
T357 422724-423002 Sentence denotes Trichophyton rubrum was the most prevalent dermatophyte species isolated from 51.5% of the 607 positive samples, followed by T. mentagrophytes (20.3%), Microsporum canis (8.2%), Epidermophyton floccosum (5.4%), T. violaceum (3.0%), Trichophyton spp (1.8%) and M. gypseum (1.7%).
T358 423003-423095 Sentence denotes Other species as T. tonsurans, T. verrucosum and T. schoenleinii were occasionally isolated.
T359 423096-423107 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T360 423108-423253 Sentence denotes In our region, Trichophyton rubrum is the most common aetiological agent in all types of dermatophytoses except of tinea capitis and tinea facei.
T361 423254-423442 Sentence denotes The epidemiological data collected would serve as reference for future research while many factors that contribute to the change of prevalence of dermatophytoses alter to the pass of time.
T362 423443-423454 Sentence denotes Background:
T363 423455-423532 Sentence denotes Voriconazole (VRZ) remains the first line therapy for invasive aspergillosis.
T364 423533-423692 Sentence denotes Because some Aspergillus species are resistant to azoles and because the prognosis or aspergillosis remains poor; antifungal combinations could be of interest.
T365 423693-423844 Sentence denotes We tested here the in vitro combination of Anidulafungin (ANI) and VRZ against azole susceptible or resistant Aspergillus spp by two different methods.
T366 423845-423853 Sentence denotes Methods:
T367 423854-423983 Sentence denotes Thirty clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp from five various Aspergillus species identified by b-tubulin sequencing were tested.
T368 423984-424144 Sentence denotes The ANI-VRZ combination was evaluated using checkerboard (CK) based on the CLSI broth microdilution method M38-A3 and using an agar diffusion technique (Etest).
T369 424145-424183 Sentence denotes For CK, final inoculums were 10 4 /mL.
T370 424184-424243 Sentence denotes After 48h at 35ºC, both MIC and MEC were recorded visually.
T371 424244-424398 Sentence denotes The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was interpreted as synergic if FICI 0.5, no interaction if 0.5 < FICI < 4 and antagonistic if FICI 4.
T372 424399-424428 Sentence denotes Tests were run in duplicates.
T373 424429-424525 Sentence denotes For Etest, MIC of VRZ and ANI were determined alone as well as in combination after 48h at 35ºC.
T374 424526-424660 Sentence denotes In combination, ANI strip was placed on agar for 1h, removed and then VRZ strip was applied over demarcation left from previous strip.
T375 424661-424775 Sentence denotes Synergy and antagonism were defined respectively as a decrease or an increase of 3 dilutions of the resultant MIC.
T376 424776-424784 Sentence denotes Results:
T377 424785-424943 Sentence denotes Using CK method, there was no interaction between VRZ and ANI with MEC as endpoint (table) except for 1 A. nidulans isolate for which an antagonism was shown.
T378 424944-425000 Sentence denotes Using Etest, no interaction was observed in 27 isolates.
T379 425001-425125 Sentence denotes According to the endpoint used, an antagonism or a synergism was observed for 2 and 1 A. calidoustus isolates, respectively.
T380 425126-425138 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T381 425139-425303 Sentence denotes Overall no in vitro interaction was shown between VRZ and ANI against most of the azole susceptible or resistant Aspergillus isolates by using different techniques.
T382 425304-425355 Sentence denotes Confirmation of these results in vivo is warranted.
T383 425356-425358 Sentence denotes M.
T384 425359-425380 Sentence denotes Cavling Arendrup*, S.
T385 425381-425390 Sentence denotes Sulim, A.
T386 425391-425399 Sentence denotes Holm, L.
T387 425400-425413 Sentence denotes Nielsen, S.D.
T388 425414-425427 Sentence denotes Nielsen, J.D.
T389 425428-425441 Sentence denotes Knudsen, N.E.
T390 425442-425454 Sentence denotes Drenck, J.J.
T391 425455-425472 Sentence denotes Christensen, H.K.
T392 425473-425548 Sentence denotes Johansen (Copenhagen,Århus, Odense, Herlev, Hvidovre, Køge, DK) Objectives:
T393 425549-425678 Sentence denotes This study investigated diagnostic issues, underlying host factors, management and outcome factors for Danish fungaemia patients.
T394 425679-425687 Sentence denotes Methods:
T395 425688-425752 Sentence denotes Isolates and clinical information were collected at six centres.
T396 425753-425860 Sentence denotes 335 isolates from 319 episodes in 306 patients were included corresponding to 2/3 of the national episodes.
T397 425861-425869 Sentence denotes Results:
T398 425870-426107 Sentence denotes Species distribution varied by age, prior antifungal treatment (more isolates with intrinsic reduced fluconazole susceptibility P = 0.007) and clinical specialty (61% C. glabrata and C. krusei at haematology wards versus 29%, P = 0.002).
T399 426108-426218 Sentence denotes Colonisation samples were not predictive for the invasive species in 11/100 cases with species identification.
T400 426219-426284 Sentence denotes Blood culture positivity varied by system, species and procedure.
T401 426285-426519 Sentence denotes Thus, cultures drawn via arterial lines or with C. glabrata needed longer incubation and cases with concomitant bacteraemia were less common using BacT/ALERT compared to the BACTEC system (9% (11/124) versus 28% (53/192); P < 0.0001).
T402 426520-426615 Sentence denotes 56% of the patients had undergone surgery, 51% were ICU patients and 33% had malignant disease.
T403 426616-427003 Sentence denotes Mortality varied by age (increasing by age, P = 0.009), species (numerically highest for C. krusei 36%, lowest for C. parapsilosis 25% and other Candida species 14%), severity of underlying disease (47% in ICU patients versus 24%; P = 0.0001), and choice but not timing of initial therapy (12% versus 48% in patients with C. glabrata receiving caspofungin versus fluconazole, P = 0.023).
T404 427004-427165 Sentence denotes Initial antifungal choice was deemed suboptimal upon species identification in 15% of the cases, which would have been 6.5% had current guidelines been followed.
T405 427166-427177 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T406 427178-427297 Sentence denotes A high proportion of Danish fungaemia patients were severely ill and received sub-optimal initial antifungal treatment.
T407 427298-427348 Sentence denotes Optimisation of diagnosis and therapy is possible.
T408 427349-427353 Sentence denotes Aim:
T409 427354-427452 Sentence denotes To describe the role of prepared voriconazole (2%) eye drop in the management of fungal keratitis.
T410 427453-427461 Sentence denotes Methods:
T411 427462-427674 Sentence denotes It is a retrospective observational case series involving patients of culture proven fungal keratitis from April 2008 to March 2010 attending to the cornea clinic of a tertiary care eye hospital in eastern India.
T412 427675-427759 Sentence denotes Among the 144 fungal keratitis cases 66 (45.83%) cases were identified for analysis.
T413 427760-427835 Sentence denotes The ulcer size, organism, treatment modalities and MIC value were analyzed.
T414 427836-427945 Sentence denotes Voriconazole was used either topically (2%), or in AC wash (50 mg/0.1 ml),) and Intrastomally (50 mg/0.1 ml).
T415 427946-427954 Sentence denotes Results:
T416 427955-428061 Sentence denotes Among 66 cases, 39 showed healing with corneal scar formation while 27 underwent therapeutic keratoplasty.
T417 428062-428202 Sentence denotes 25 cases (64.10%) required topical use, 9 cases (23.07%) required intracameral use and 5 (12.82%) cases required intrastomal administration.
T418 428203-428421 Sentence denotes Among filamentous fungi Aspergillus sp responded well (25/66;37.87%) followed by Fusarium sp (5/66;7.57%),unidentified sp (3/66;4.54%), and equal no of Penicillium sp, Scedosporium sp, and Cladosporium sp (2/66;3.03%).
T419 428422-428632 Sentence denotes Among the cases undergoing therapeutic keratoplasty Candida keratitis was maximum with 11 cases followed by 7 cases of Fusarium sp, 5 cases of Aspergillus sp and 2 case each of Alternaria sp and Penicillium sp.
T420 428633-428808 Sentence denotes In relation with ulcer size response to voriconazole therapy obtained in (20/39;51.28%) where ulcer size is <6 mm and remaining (19/39;48.71%) cases where ulcer size is >6 mm.
T421 428809-428935 Sentence denotes The minimal inhibitory concentration of voriconazole was 0.125 mg/ml against Aspergillus sp and 0.5 mg/ml against Fusarium sp.
T422 428936-428998 Sentence denotes Candida sp showed resistance activity upto 2% of voriconazole.
T423 428999-429010 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T424 429011-429194 Sentence denotes Voriconazole has promising activity against filamentous fungi and may prove useful in the management of fungal keratitis but it shows no response in Candida keratitis from our centre.
T425 429195-429197 Sentence denotes T.
T426 429198-429217 Sentence denotes Narkwiboonwong*, K.
T427 429218-429231 Sentence denotes Trakulhun, K.
T428 429232-429254 Sentence denotes Watanakijthavonkul, P.
T429 429255-429269 Sentence denotes Paocharern, A.
T430 429270-429283 Sentence denotes Singsakul, A.
T431 429284-429294 Sentence denotes Wongsa, N.
T432 429295-429313 Sentence denotes Woracharoensri, N.
T433 429314-429329 Sentence denotes Worasilchai, A.
T434 429330-429345 Sentence denotes Chindamporn, A.
T435 429346-429355 Sentence denotes Panoi, T.
T436 429356-429370 Sentence denotes Methipisit, P.
T437 429371-429616 Sentence denotes Sithinamsuwan (Bangkok, TH) We here reported a thalassemic patient suffering from cerebral pythiosis (left common carotid pythiosis arterial aneurysms, septic embolisms evolving to brain abscess over the left anterior cerebral artery territory).
T438 429617-429774 Sentence denotes This was the first case in the world of Pythium insidiosum involving left common carotid artery and producing septic emboli, causing pythiosis brain abscess.
T439 429775-429866 Sentence denotes A 27-year-old man, developed nasal congestion with whitish discharge from the left nostril.
T440 429867-429927 Sentence denotes Three weeks before admission, he developed high grade fever.
T441 429928-430100 Sentence denotes One week later, he complained of occipital headache, followed by a focal seizure starting at right hand, and then he developed secondarily generalized tonic-conic seizures.
T442 430101-430153 Sentence denotes Computed tomography scan of the brain was performed.
T443 430154-430228 Sentence denotes A 5x6 cm hypodensity lesion was noted over the left frontoparietal region.
T444 430229-430309 Sentence denotes Intravenous ceftriaxone 4 gm/day and metronidazole 1,500 mg/day were prescribed.
T445 430310-430390 Sentence denotes One week later, fever was still persisted and right-sided weakness was worsened.
T446 430391-430425 Sentence denotes Personal and past medical history:
T447 430426-430494 Sentence denotes This patient was diagnosed with b-thalassemia haemoglobin E disease.
T448 430495-430631 Sentence denotes The pertinent physical findings were high grade fever, significant left carotid bruit, right facial palsy and spastic right hemiparesis.
T449 430632-430709 Sentence denotes MRI brain showed a large rim-enhancing brain lesion over the left hemisphere.
T450 430710-430785 Sentence denotes MRA showed multiple aneurysms at left common and internal carotid arteries.
T451 430786-430919 Sentence denotes His serum was tested for antibody against pythiosis using 3 different techniques, which were ELISA, immunodiffusion and Western blot.
T452 430920-430963 Sentence denotes The results of all the tests were positive.
T453 430964-431104 Sentence denotes We also prescribed itraconazole, terbinafine and P. insidiosum antigen immunotherapy, but the patient eventually died from brain herniation.
T454 431105-431153 Sentence denotes Autopsy revealed gross pus at left frontal area.
T455 431154-431240 Sentence denotes The left common and internal carotid arteries also found 2 cm in diameter of aneurysm.
T456 431241-431315 Sentence denotes Pus Wright's stains showed hyphae with infrequently septate and branching.
T457 431316-431501 Sentence denotes Tissue culture from his brain was confirmed the diagnosis of pythiosis by isolation the organism and proof by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers in the COX II region.
T458 431502-431513 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T459 431514-431682 Sentence denotes We couldn't eradicate infected brain tissue as well as infected carotid arteries because of the area of brain and carotid artery involvements were harmful to resection.
T460 431683-431780 Sentence denotes Cerebral pythiosis should be the differential diagnoses of brain abscess in thalassemic patients.
T461 431781-431883 Sentence denotes Early recognition and prompt surgical treatment should be considered to reduce mortality or morbidity.
T462 431884-431964 Sentence denotes We bronchoscoped 3 patients: ABPA, prior IA and COPD and Aspergillus bronchitis.
T463 431965-432292 Sentence denotes We compared (1) the UK standard method for processing respiratory cultures (BSOP57) (modified to plate 10uL instead of 1uL) with (2) high volume culture (range 20 mL − 2.3mL, avg 0.5mL) (100% plated) on Sabouraud dextrose agar (37ºC) and 3) real time PCR (MycAssay Aspergillus) preceded by DNA extraction using the MycXtra kit.
T464 432293-432376 Sentence denotes The sensitivity of this assay is <1 genome, following a >10% extraction efficiency.
T465 432377-432450 Sentence denotes Sputum samples were obtained before and after the bronchoscopy procedure.
T466 432451-432547 Sentence denotes Material obtained was split into 'highly mucoid' material and more liquid material, if possible.
T467 432548-432643 Sentence denotes Approximately equal volumes of material (33% each) were used for the PCR and 2 culture methods.
T468 432644-432652 Sentence denotes Results:
T469 432653-432678 Sentence denotes 21 samples were cultured.
T470 432679-432786 Sentence denotes All (100%) were Aspergillus negative by routine culture and 14 of 21 (67%) negative by high volume culture.
T471 432787-432904 Sentence denotes Only 2 (10%) were negative by PCR, 3 were below clinical cutoff (Ct <36) and 16 (76%) positive (Ct values 28.9-35.7).
T472 432905-433029 Sentence denotes Of the 6 sputum samples (2 split), all were positive by PCR and 5 of 8 (63%) were positive by high volume culture (1−6 CFU).
T473 433030-433125 Sentence denotes BAL samples were all Aspergillus culture negative, and 8 of 10 samples (80%) were PCR positive.
T474 433126-433404 Sentence denotes In 2 patients the highest PCR yield was the initial bronchoscopy trap aspiration (often discarded as contains lignocaine), but not in one patient; hyphae and Charcot-Leyden crystals were visible in this sample from patient with ABPA and 19 CFU were grown in high volume culture.
T475 433405-433503 Sentence denotes The UK standard method for culture is grossly sub-optimal for Aspergillus spp. and needs revision.
T476 433504-433661 Sentence denotes Improved culture methods may be of value for sputum but are inferior to real time PCR using the MycXtra DNA extraction system and MycAssay Aspergillus assay.
T477 433662-433757 Sentence denotes Bronchoscopy sampling has considerable variability in diagnostic yield; sputum may be superior.
T478 433758-433760 Sentence denotes A.
T479 433761-433778 Sentence denotes Spiliopoulou*, C.
T480 433779-433795 Sentence denotes Bartzavali, E.D.
T481 433796-433811 Sentence denotes Anastassiou, M.
T482 433812-433849 Sentence denotes Christofidou (Patras, GR) Objectives:
T483 433850-434079 Sentence denotes To evaluate the performance of a multiplex PCR (m-PCR) method for detection of dermatophytes, in general, and specifically T. rubrum as compared to conventional methods (microscopy and culture) for the diagnosis of tinea unguium.
T484 434080-434088 Sentence denotes Methods:
T485 434089-434299 Sentence denotes A total of 65 nail samples from clinically suspected tinea unguium were examined by direct microscopic examination and culture, as well as, by an m-PCR method (Dermatophyte PCR Kit − SSI Diagnostica − Denmark).
T486 434300-434883 Sentence denotes DNA from a clinical T. rubrum isolate was used as a positive control. m-PCR includes a two step extraction, a primer mix containing two primer pairs directed toward genes encoding chitin synthetase 1 (chs1) for detection of dermatophytes in general (PCR product = 366bp) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) for detection of T. rubrum (PCR product = 203 bp), an internal control (PCR product = 660bp), and two positive controls (Dermatophyte and T. rubrum genomic DNA We describe a case of disseminated Sporothrix schenckii infection in a man with underlying hairy cell leukemia.
T487 434884-435085 Sentence denotes A 44-year-old man, who was initially treated with immune suppression for a presumed autoimmune inflammatory disorder, developed disseminated sporotrichosis with involvement of his skin, lungs and eyes.
T488 435086-435196 Sentence denotes His immmunity was further impaired by a previously unrecognised hematological malignancy, hairy cell leukemia.
T489 435197-435355 Sentence denotes The degree of dissemination was so severe that the organism, S. schenckii, was isolated from blood cultures while using standard automated culture techniques.
T490 435356-435479 Sentence denotes His infection was initially refractory to antifungal therapy with traditional amphotericin B, in part due to drug toxicity.
T491 435480-435673 Sentence denotes Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and oral posaconazole, along with treatment of his underlying leukemia, resulted in dramatic clinical improvement with no residual evidence of infection.
T492 435674-435801 Sentence denotes The immunological defects associated with this malignancy, as well as the management of refractory sporotrichosis are reviewed.
T493 435802-435886 Sentence denotes All of them were grown in Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) for 24 and 48 hours at 30ºC.
T494 435887-435976 Sentence denotes We looked for macroscopic morphology in SDA and microscopic morphology in Corn Meal agar.
T495 435977-436137 Sentence denotes We differenced saccharomyces cerevisiae from other yeast by chromogenic medium (CHROMagar™ Candida) and by test of assimilation of sugars (auxacolor™, BIO-RAD).
T496 436138-436278 Sentence denotes Risk factors in this study: previous use of antibiotic/antifungal, probiotics based in S. cerevisiae, hospitalization and immunosuppression.
T497 436279-436382 Sentence denotes We followed clinical and microbiological criterias to prove if we were in an infection or colonization.
T498 436383-436391 Sentence denotes Results:
T499 436392-436553 Sentence denotes Risks factor weren't brake down into their different headings due to the difficulty of ensuring that patients received Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Ultralevura ® ).
T500 436554-436661 Sentence denotes Only we found that only patients admitted with chronic diarrhea and elderly in hospital received probiotic.
T501 436662-436698 Sentence denotes In community was impossible to know.
T502 436699-436834 Sentence denotes Vaginitis and cervicitis, due to S. cerevisiae, were the main infection after using of azoles or antibiotics to treat other infections.
T503 436835-436883 Sentence denotes We had not isolated in blood or sterile samples.
T504 436884-436923 Sentence denotes We have not had any invasive infection.
T505 436924-437030 Sentence denotes We should unify criteria to decide which patients can be given or not Ultralevura ® to prevent infections.
T506 437031-437203 Sentence denotes We should study phenotypic and genotypic factors of yeast related to its ability to invade the host and antifungal test to establish epidemiological criteria for treatment.
T507 437204-437258 Sentence denotes It is complicated to know the origin of S. cerevisiae.
T1 437259-437261 Sentence denotes P.
T2 437262-437272 Sentence denotes Mehta*, R.
T3 437273-437284 Sentence denotes Mehta, M.V.
T4 437285-437304 Sentence denotes Raghavendra Rao, M.
T5 437305-437319 Sentence denotes Balaramiah, A.
T6 437320-437356 Sentence denotes Iban Abdallah (Sirte, LY) Objective:
T7 437357-437509 Sentence denotes Fungal keratitis is one of the major causes of the ulcerative and sight threatening infection of the cornea but its incidence is usually underestimated.
T8 437510-437572 Sentence denotes Such a study has never been carried in this part of the world.
T9 437573-437688 Sentence denotes The objectives of this study was to determine its incidence and associated etiological risk factors in this region.
T10 437689-437700 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T11 437701-437829 Sentence denotes Contrary to popular perception of low incidence of fungal keratitis in this region, high incidence has been found in this study.
T12 437830-437961 Sentence denotes It can be attributed to increasing trend towards farming activity in this region which predisposes the people to vegetative injury.
T13 437962-438093 Sentence denotes Seasonal variations throughout the year in this region leads to altered tear film which again could be a major predisposing factor.
T14 438094-438192 Sentence denotes Increasing use of the contact lenses also predisposes the users to contact lens related infection.
T15 438193-438273 Sentence denotes Diabetes mellitus was found in some patients which can be a predisposing factor.
T16 438274-438307 Sentence denotes Prevalence of individual fungi T.
T17 438308-438332 Sentence denotes Dantin-Delafoulhouze, S.
T18 438333-438348 Sentence denotes Lucas-Daver, S.
T19 438349-438358 Sentence denotes Dumas, T.
T20 438359-438368 Sentence denotes Fosse, R.
T21 438369-438497 Sentence denotes Collomp (Nice, FR) Candidaemia are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitals, especially among severe patients.
T22 438498-438575 Sentence denotes Over the past decade, the epidemiology and antifungal therapies have evolved.
T23 438576-438763 Sentence denotes Our university hospital is committed since 2005 in a multidisciplinary approach to help diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFI) initially focused on costly treatments.
T24 438764-438865 Sentence denotes Our objectif was to study trends in epidemiology, susceptibility, and antifungal use in our hospital.
T25 438866-438874 Sentence denotes Methods:
T26 438875-438977 Sentence denotes All patients with a blood culture yielding yeast between January 2007 and December 2009 were included.
T27 438978-439165 Sentence denotes Patient data, epidemiology, susceptibility, treatments and interventions of our antifungal team were collected from computerized patient records, the Mycology Laboratory and the Pharmacy.
T28 439166-439174 Sentence denotes Results:
T29 439175-439201 Sentence denotes 74 patients were included.
T30 439202-439349 Sentence denotes During this period a diversification of yeast species was observed, with a significant reduction of Candida albicans (25% in 2009 vs 52% in 2007) .
T31 439350-439524 Sentence denotes The rate of resistance to fluconazole has not exceeded 6% among strains of Candida and the first strain of Candida parapsilosis resistant to caspofungin was isolated in 2009.
T32 439525-439621 Sentence denotes First line antifungal treatments have been established according to local recommendations (96%).
T33 439622-439782 Sentence denotes The antifungal team has intervened for nearly 80% of patients in 2009, to continue the initial antifungal treatment or to propose a de-escalation therapy (20%).
T34 439783-439858 Sentence denotes In 2009, 45% of patients (11/24) died, underlyng the severity of those IFI.
T35 439859-439870 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T36 439871-440072 Sentence denotes This work has underlined our local specificity both in terms of epidemiology (most important decrease in Candida albicans compared the litterature), and in terms of multidisciplinary management of IFI.
T37 440073-440286 Sentence denotes Among the proposals from this study include the systematic monitoring of Candidaemia during our antifungal team meetings wathever the drug and the search for a possible nosocomial cause of these severe infections.
T38 440287-440289 Sentence denotes A.
T39 440290-440304 Sentence denotes Navascués*, I.
T40 440305-440318 Sentence denotes Rodríguez, J.
T41 440319-440330 Sentence denotes Repáraz, S.
T42 440331-440340 Sentence denotes Salvo, A.
T43 440341-440356 Sentence denotes Gil-Setas, J.M.
T44 440357-440377 Sentence denotes Martínez-Peñuela, C.
T45 440378-440422 Sentence denotes Ezpeleta (Pamplona, Zaragoza, ES) Objective:
T46 440423-440640 Sentence denotes The increased presence of immigrants from Latin America and increased travel to that continent has increased the incidence S790 21st ECCMID/27th ICC, Abstracts accepted for publication only of Histoplasmosis in Spain.
T47 440641-440717 Sentence denotes Our aim was to review the cases of histoplasmosis diagnosed in our hospital.
T48 440718-440726 Sentence denotes Methods:
T49 440727-440858 Sentence denotes Review the diagnostic methods employed and clinical characteristics of cases of histoplasmosis diagnosed during the last six years.
T50 440859-440872 Sentence denotes Case reports:
T51 440873-441018 Sentence denotes We diagnosed 4 cases, three of whom were HIV positive (male, 28−43 years) and one patient (female 50 years) treated with immunosuppressive drugs.
T52 441019-441055 Sentence denotes All of them were from South America.
T53 441056-441167 Sentence denotes The spectrum of disease in HIV positive patients was one liver disease, one pulmonary and one gastrointestinal.
T54 441168-441307 Sentence denotes Two had a good outcome but the other, in spite of treatment with amphotericin B, had a rapidly progress to a multiorganic failure and died.
T55 441308-441388 Sentence denotes The female had a liver histoplasmosis and she also had a good clinical response.
T56 441389-441495 Sentence denotes The treatment in all cases was amphotericin B 5 mg/kg/day (two weeks) followed by itraconazole 200 mg/12h.
T57 441496-441780 Sentence denotes The laboratory diagnosis was carried out by histological (PAS and PAS-Diastase Stain) and microbiological study (culture and PCR directly): in three cases, we isolated H. capsulatum var. capsulatum and in the other, the microbiological diagnosis was thanks a direct PCR in the tissue.
T58 441781-441792 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T59 441793-441964 Sentence denotes Most infected people by histoplasmosis remain asymptomatic, but they can develop serious clinical forms depending on the level of exposure and the patient's immune status.
T60 441965-442127 Sentence denotes Usually, severe forms are seen in HIV positive patients, but as has occurred in our series of cases it's also possible in patients with immunosuppressive therapy.
T61 442128-442304 Sentence denotes In our country, histoplasmosis is an imported infection and because of this it is necessary to have a high index of suspicion and perform a detailed history to get a diagnosis.
T62 442305-442523 Sentence denotes It is an infection to be considered in the differential diagnosis in immunosuppressed patients, both HIV positive and immunosuppressive therapy, which originate from endemic areas or who have a history of stay in them.
T63 442524-442528 Sentence denotes S.N.
T64 442529-442545 Sentence denotes Khostelidi, Y.V.
T65 442546-442559 Sentence denotes Borzova, R.A.
T66 442560-442576 Sentence denotes Araviyskiy, T.S.
T67 442577-442593 Sentence denotes Bogomolova, V.A.
T68 442594-442610 Sentence denotes Zinserling, I.S.
T69 442611-442624 Sentence denotes Zjuzgin, N.V.
T70 442625-442640 Sentence denotes Vasilyeva, N.N.
T71 442641-442683 Sentence denotes Klimko* (Saint Petersburg, RU) Objectives:
T72 442685-442687 Sentence denotes O.
T73 442688-442697 Sentence denotes Kaya*, S.
T74 442698-442710 Sentence denotes Alp-Cavus,Ö.
T75 442711-442721 Sentence denotes Turhan, M.
T76 442722-442734 Sentence denotes Tasbakan, H.
T77 442735-442747 Sentence denotes Pullukcu, B.
T78 442748-442760 Sentence denotes Ertugrul, S.
T79 442761-442770 Sentence denotes Senol, B.
T80 442771-442796 Sentence denotes Cetin, B.Özhak-Baysan, S.
T81 442797-442812 Sentence denotes Sayin-Kutlu, D.
T82 442813-442822 Sentence denotes Metin, M.
T83 442823-442831 Sentence denotes Avci, G.
T84 442832-442842 Sentence denotes Mermut, V.
T85 442843-442856 Sentence denotes Avkan-Oguz, N
T86 442858-442869 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T87 442870-442954 Sentence denotes The incidence of Zygomycosis has increased due to immunosuppression in recent years.
T88 442955-443035 Sentence denotes We aimed to evaluate 16 cases of Zygomycosis from eight centers retrospectively.
T89 443036-443044 Sentence denotes Methods:
T90 443045-443103 Sentence denotes Zygomycosis patients were collected between 2004 and 2010.
T91 443104-443219 Sentence denotes Zygomycosis was diagnosed by culture positivity and/or histopathological findings in addition to clinical findings.
T92 443220-443387 Sentence denotes The clinical forms of zygomycosis have been described on the basis of organ involvement: rhinoorbito-cerebral, cutaneous, pulmonary, gastrointestinal and disseminated.
T93 443388-443462 Sentence denotes Disseminated infection was defined as infection at 2 non-contiguous sites.
T94 443463-443471 Sentence denotes Results:
T95 443472-443516 Sentence denotes There were 11 female and five male subjects.
T96 443517-443560 Sentence denotes The mean age was 52.50±14.55 (22−68) years.
T97 443561-443675 Sentence denotes The majority of cases (15 cases, 94%) were immunocompromised patients, mainly diabetes mellitus (10 cases, 62.5%).
T98 443676-443729 Sentence denotes Seven patients had received corticosteroid treatment.
T99 443730-443831 Sentence denotes The most common symptoms and clinical signs in patients was fever (n = 9), retroorbital pain (n = 7).
T100 443832-443878 Sentence denotes The most common form was rhino-orbitocerebral.
T101 443879-443957 Sentence denotes R2632 Fungemia in the intensive care unit: a five-year study in two centres E.
T102 443958-443977 Sentence denotes Paramythiotou *, F.
T103 443978-443994 Sentence denotes Frantzeskaki, A.
T104 443995-444009 Sentence denotes Antoniadou, G.
T105 444010-444022 Sentence denotes Kallitsi, M.
T106 444023-444036 Sentence denotes Haritidou, F.
T107 444037-444047 Sentence denotes Klouva, E.
T108 444048-444057 Sentence denotes Trika, H.
T109 444058-444073 Sentence denotes Giamarellou, D.
T110 444074-444087 Sentence denotes Plahouras, T.
T111 444088-444099 Sentence denotes Panagea, L.
T112 444100-444109 Sentence denotes Zerva, G.
T113 444110-444123 Sentence denotes Petrikkos, A.
T114 444124-444160 Sentence denotes Armaganidis (Athens, GR) Objectives:
T115 444161-444316 Sentence denotes Candidemia is frequently encountered in the nosocomial setting, particularly in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) causing considerable morbidity and mortality.
T116 444317-444398 Sentence denotes The increasing incidence of non-albicans Candida species could also be important.
T117 444399-444528 Sentence denotes The aim of the present study was to record the epidemiology, risk factors, mortality, strains susceptibility to antifungal drugs.
T118 444529-444684 Sentence denotes This is a clinical and microbiological retrospective study of all fungemia episodes registered in two medicalsurgical ICUs between 1/1/2005 and 31/12/2009.
T119 444685-444922 Sentence denotes The records of the research laboratory of the 4th department of Internal Medicine, the microbiology department of Attikon university hospital and the microbiology department of Thriassion Hospital were used in order to identify patients.
T120 444923-444959 Sentence denotes Medical records were then retrieved.
T121 444960-445229 Sentence denotes Special forms were completed for each patient including demographic information, concomitant conditions, Apache II and Sofa severity scores the day of ICU admission, the risk factors within the preceding 10 days, data of colonization and candidemia related information.
T122 445230-445238 Sentence denotes Results:
T123 445239-445424 Sentence denotes Attikon hospital is a 640-bed teaching tertiary care hospital with a 25-bed medical and surgical ICU and Thriassion hospital is a 433-bed tertiary care hospital with an ICU with 8 beds.
T124 445425-445500 Sentence denotes During the study period a total of 1663 pts were hospitalized in both ICUs.
T125 445501-445543 Sentence denotes Among them 67 patients developed fungemia.
T126 445544-445578 Sentence denotes Median patients' age was 56 years.
T127 445579-445617 Sentence denotes Median ICU length of stay was 37 days.
T128 445618-445669 Sentence denotes Medical cause of admission was present in 31 cases.
T129 445670-445793 Sentence denotes Species isolated were C. albicans (38.8%), C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis (8,9%), C.spp, C. glabrata, and non-albicans spp.
T130 445794-445863 Sentence denotes Median time elapsed between ICU admission and candidemia was 19 days.
T131 445864-445948 Sentence denotes Mean Apache II score was 19 on the day of admission and overall mortality was 50.7%.
T132 445949-445982 Sentence denotes Attributable mortality was 55,9%.
T133 445983-446036 Sentence denotes Ostrosky prediction rule was positive in 41 patients.
T134 446037-446123 Sentence denotes Urine or lung colonization was present in 20.5%,and multiple site colonization in 29%.
T135 446124-446182 Sentence denotes Fifteen pts were submitted to an intraabdominal operation.
T136 446183-446236 Sentence denotes Fifteen pts received TPN prior to candidemia episode.
T137 446237-446292 Sentence denotes Caspofungin was the most commonly introduced treatment.
T138 446293-446305 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T139 446306-446411 Sentence denotes Compared to other blood infections fungemias are not common among our patients but they are often lethal.
T140 446412-446590 Sentence denotes A high Apache II score at admission, multiple site colonization in combination with abdominal surgery should raise a high suspicion index and a prophylactic therapy should start.
T141 446591-446628 Sentence denotes Non-albicans species are on the rise.
T142 446629-446778 Sentence denotes In 2009 the most isolations were in May (8.53%) and August (5.00%) and in 2010 were in July (5.44%) and in October (8.23%) as cause of onychomycosis.
T143 446779-446826 Sentence denotes No dermatophytes were isolated more than these.
T144 446827-446839 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T145 446840-446904 Sentence denotes Confirmation of the diagnosis should be considered as essential.
T146 446905-446991 Sentence denotes A bad treatment predispose to advanced invasion with dermatophytes and/or other molds.
T147 446992-447047 Sentence denotes We should assay sensibility to antifungals in our area.
T148 447049-447051 Sentence denotes A.
T149 447052-447063 Sentence denotes Nazli *, M.
T150 447064-447076 Sentence denotes Tasbakan, H.
T151 447077-447089 Sentence denotes Pullukcu, O.
T152 447090-447100 Sentence denotes Sipahi, T.
T153 447101-447113 Sentence denotes Yamazhan, B.
T154 447114-447142 Sentence denotes Arda (Izmir, TR) Objectives:
T155 447143-447241 Sentence denotes In this study, it was aimed to review systematically the published mucormycosis cases from Turkey.
T156 447242-447249 Sentence denotes Method:
T157 447250-447541 Sentence denotes Published mucormycosis cases from Turkey in national and international medical literature in the last fifteen years were retrieved from three national (Ulakbim, Turkish Medical Literature and Medline Plexus) and two international databases [Pubmed and Science Citation Index Expended (SCI)].
T158 447542-447679 Sentence denotes As keywords "mukor", "mukormikoz" were used in national databases and "mucor", "mucormycosis" adding "Turkey" in international databases.
T159 447680-447829 Sentence denotes Data related to age, gender, comorbidities, signs, diagnostic tools, therapeutic modalities, and mortality were analysed from the retrieved articles.
T160 447830-447838 Sentence denotes Results:
T161 447839-448127 Sentence denotes Data for a total of 100 mucormycosis patients (47 female, 53 male, aged 46.1) with definitive diagnosis of invasive fungal infections according to criteria of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) were obtained from 48 reports (22 international, 26 national).
T162 448128-448256 Sentence denotes We could not achieve the full texts of two reports published in international databases and three reports in national databases.
T163 448257-448474 Sentence denotes In terms of common clinical findings, the most common symptom was swelling of eye and face (64%) followed by headache (56%), fever (54%), opthtalmoplegia (38%), loss of vision (31%) and other neurological signs (%27).
T164 448475-448593 Sentence denotes The most common comorbidity was diabetes (53%) followed by, hematological malignancies and corticosteroid usage (33% .
T165 448594-448724 Sentence denotes Sequence-analysis of the infecting fungal strains showed two mutations in the Cyp51Agene and a tandem repeat in the gene promoter.
T166 448725-448789 Sentence denotes During treatment, posaconazole trough levels were 0.6 microg/ml.
T167 448790-448883 Sentence denotes Blood and postmortem tissue posaconazole concentrations indicated AUC/MIC ratios of 30 to 60.
T168 448884-448893 Sentence denotes Table 1 .
T169 448894-448995 Sentence denotes Culture results and posaconazole drug concentrations in blood and tissue samples obtained at autopsy.
T170 448996-449106 Sentence denotes The efficacious AUC/MIC for posaconazole is probably above 200, but this could not be achieved in our patient.
T171 449107-449341 Sentence denotes Plasma levels >4 microg/ml would have been required to achieve the pharmacodynamic target for these A. fumigatus strains with posaconazole MIC of 0.25 and 0.5, which was impossible to achieve with the current posaconazole formulation.
T172 449342-449535 Sentence denotes Posaconazole should be used caution in invasive aspergillosis caused by strains with attenuated posaconazole susceptibility, as drug exposure may be inadequate resulting in therapeutic failure.
T173 449536-449540 Sentence denotes M.J.
T174 449541-449557 Sentence denotes Muñoz-Davila, A.
T175 449558-449573 Sentence denotes Gomez-Lopez, O.
T176 449574-449585 Sentence denotes Cores, J.L.
T177 449586-449606 Sentence denotes Rodriguez-Tudela, M.
T178 449607-449661 Sentence denotes Cuenca-Estrella* (Murcia, Majadahonda, ES) Background:
T179 449662-449734 Sentence denotes The list of uncommon fungal species causing human infections is growing.
T180 449735-449900 Sentence denotes Conventional methods of classification based on morphological, biochemical and physiological features have proven ineffective in accurately identifying such species.
T181 449901-450033 Sentence denotes Candida haemulonii has been reported among uncommon yeasts with decreased susceptibility to antifungal agents causing human disease.
T182 450034-450162 Sentence denotes We have reviewed the identification and antifungal susceptibility results of a collection of clinical isolates of C. haemulonii.
T183 450163-450171 Sentence denotes Methods:
T184 450172-450273 Sentence denotes A total of 10 isolates, received in our institution over 10-year period (2001-2010) , were evaluated.
T185 450274-450375 Sentence denotes One of them was isolated from blood and the other nine strains were recovered from superficial sites.
T186 450376-450433 Sentence denotes They were identified by morphology and biochemical tests.
T187 450434-450525 Sentence denotes In addition, molecular identification was done by sequencing of ribosomal DNA (ITS domain).
T188 450526-450601 Sentence denotes Susceptibility testing followed the recommendations proposed by the EUCAST.
T189 450602-450610 Sentence denotes Results:
T190 450611-450765 Sentence denotes A total of 90% (9/10) isolates were not discriminated by phenotyping and strains were classified as unidentifiable according to their biochemical profile.
T191 450766-450817 Sentence denotes One strain (10%) was misidentified as Candida sake.
T192 450818-450829 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T193 450830-450993 Sentence denotes Candida spp. is the fourth most common pathogen causing nosocomial blood stream infections and invasive infections in immunocompromised and seriously ill patients.
T194 450994-451002 Sentence denotes Methods:
T195 451003-451150 Sentence denotes Two retrospective data sets each with 100 patients from the time periods 1985-1990 (period 1) and 2001-2005 (period 2) respectively were evaluated.
T196 451151-451306 Sentence denotes All patients whose data were included into this study have been diagnosed with candidemia at the University Hospital of Vienna, a 2200-bed referral centre.
T197 451307-451436 Sentence denotes The aim of the study was to identify changes in the epidemiology, the clinical manifestation and the outcome in these two groups.
T198 451437-451571 Sentence denotes The demographic dissemination in terms of age, gender etc. was analysed as well as differences in underlying diseases in both periods.
T199 451572-451681 Sentence denotes The duration of hospitalisation and time until Candida albicans isolation from blood culture were determined.
T200 451682-451792 Sentence denotes The progress of candidemia, the success of therapy and the mortality rate in these two periods were evaluated.
T201 451793-451801 Sentence denotes Results:
T202 451802-451953 Sentence denotes During period 1 significantly more patients with proven candidemia were found at Intensive Care Units, in period 2 significantly more at medical wards.
T203 451954-452065 Sentence denotes The main hospitalisation duration until isolation of candida was 23 days in period 1 and 27,9 days in period 2.
T204 452066-452149 Sentence denotes In both periods two third each of the patients were diagnosed as immunocompromised.
T205 452150-452179 Sentence denotes In period 1 60 patients died:
T206 452180-452335 Sentence denotes 20 in consequence of candidemia, 10 later but from the persistent fungal infection, 16 patients from their underlying disease and 12 from bacterial sepsis.
T207 452336-452409 Sentence denotes Thirty-seven patients received antifungal therapy, 23 remained untreated.
T208 452410-452513 Sentence denotes Fifty-four percent of the treated patients died, as opposed 74 percent of the patients without therapy.
T209 452514-452543 Sentence denotes In period 2 51 patients died:
T210 452544-452697 Sentence denotes 23 in consequence of candidemia, 2 later but from the persistent fungal infection, 20 from their underlying disease and 6 patients from bacterial sepsis.
T211 452698-452787 Sentence denotes Forty-five of the 51 deceased patients received antifungal therapy, 6 remained untreated.
T212 452788-452876 Sentence denotes Fifty-four percent died in the treated group, 50 percent in the group without treatment.
T213 452877-452888 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T214 452889-453000 Sentence denotes Although much progress has been made in the treatment of Candida albicans, mortality of patients is still high.
T215 453001-453161 Sentence denotes For a further decrease in candida infections better tools for diagnosis, guidelines for management and more awareness of this pathogen are absolutely essential.
T216 453162-453166 Sentence denotes A.M.
T217 453167-453181 Sentence denotes Tortorano*, A.
T218 453182-453195 Sentence denotes Prigitano, C.
T219 453196-453204 Sentence denotes Ossi, A.
T220 453205-453217 Sentence denotes Grancini, E.
T221 453218-453228 Sentence denotes Casari, G.
T222 453229-453238 Sentence denotes Viola, G.
T223 453239-453251 Sentence denotes Giuliani, M.
T224 453252-453261 Sentence denotes Mella, M.
T225 453262-453271 Sentence denotes Longo, R.
T226 453272-453285 Sentence denotes Passerini, M.
T227 453286-453298 Sentence denotes Facchini, M.
T228 453299-453309 Sentence denotes Tejada, M.
T229 453310-453321 Sentence denotes Passera, G.
T230 453322-453336 Sentence denotes Delvecchio, E.
T231 453337-453345 Sentence denotes Sala, C.
T232 453346-453356 Sentence denotes Sturla, A.
T233 453357-453373 Sentence denotes Ceraminiello, C.
T234 453374-453385 Sentence denotes Cavanna, M.
T235 453386-453392 Sentence denotes Re, C.
T236 453393-453402 Sentence denotes Bezzi, D.
T237 453403-453412 Sentence denotes Longo, M.
T238 453413-453425 Sentence denotes Arghittu, L.
T239 453426-453434 Sentence denotes Re, M.R.
T240 453435-453443 Sentence denotes Sala, P.
T241 453444-453455 Sentence denotes Clerici, A.
T242 453456-453466 Sentence denotes Grossi, P.
T243 453467-453478 Sentence denotes Pedroni, G.
T244 453479-453489 Sentence denotes Munafò, C.
T245 453490-453501 Sentence denotes Bonetti, G.
T246 453502-453672 Sentence denotes Brigante and remained associated mainly, even if at a reduced rate, to surgery (45% of the cases vs 56% in the previous study) and intensive care treatments (35% vs 45%).
T247 453673-453922 Sentence denotes A shift of the species causing fungaemia was demonstrated by the comparison of the two periods: while the proportion due to C. albicans decreased from 58 to 52%, an increase of C. glabrata (from 13 to 20%) and C. tropicalis (from 6 to 8%) was noted.
T248 453923-453984 Sentence denotes The proportion of C. parapsilosis remained unchanged (14.5%).
T249 453985-454058 Sentence denotes A decreased of the crude mortality at day 30 from 35 to 32% was observed.
T250 454059-454181 Sentence denotes The highest mortality rate was detected in patients with C. tropicalis (41%) and C. albicans (33%) bloodstream infections.
T251 454182-454360 Sentence denotes The present study revealed an increasing incidence of candidaemia, mainly in aged subjects, and an increasing proportion of isolates with decreased susceptibility to fluconazole.
T252 454361-454363 Sentence denotes C.
T253 454364-454375 Sentence denotes Lacroix, A.
T254 454376-454387 Sentence denotes Gicquel, F.
T255 454388-454397 Sentence denotes Morio, J.
T256 454398-454409 Sentence denotes Lambert, I.
T257 454410-454425 Sentence denotes Accoceberry, E.
T258 454426-454436 Sentence denotes Bailly, G.
T259 454437-454451 Sentence denotes Desoubeaux, E.
T260 454452-454462 Sentence denotes Collin, L.
T261 454463-454474 Sentence denotes Feghoul, N.
T262 454475-454487 Sentence denotes François, F.
T263 454488-454499 Sentence denotes Gabriel, F.
T264 454500-454515 Sentence denotes Gay Andrieu, J.
T265 454516-454527 Sentence denotes Guitard, C.
T266 454528-454541 Sentence denotes Hennequin, C.
T267 454542-454563 Sentence denotes Kauffmann Lacroix, D.
T268 454564-454574 Sentence denotes Lauzin, B.
T269 454575-454585 Sentence denotes Sendid, O.
T270 454586-454602 Sentence denotes Lortholary, M.E.
T271 454603-454678 Sentence denotes Bougnoux* (Paris, Nantes, Bordeaux, Tours, Lille, Poitiers, FR) Objectives:
T272 454679-454919 Sentence denotes A prospective, multicentre observational study was conducted in France to compare the epidemiology of Candida spp. isolated in high risk patients from intensive care units (ICU), haematology units (HU) and renal transplantation units (RTU).
T273 454920-454928 Sentence denotes Methods:
T274 454929-455126 Sentence denotes From January to February 2010, all Candida spp. isolated from patients hospitalized in medical and surgical ICU, adults and paediatrics HU and RTU from 8 French university hospitals were collected.
T275 455127-455254 Sentence denotes C. albicans was identified using chromogenic agar media, and screened with BichroDubli ® (Sofibel) to identify C. dubliniensis.
T276 455255-455369 Sentence denotes C. krusei and C. glabrata were identified with KruseiColor ® (Sofibel) and Glabrata RTT ® (Sofibel), respectively.
T277 455370-455436 Sentence denotes All other Candida spp. were identified using ID32C ® (BioMérieux).
T278 455437-455618 Sentence denotes Unequivocal identification using rDNA sequencing was done for all C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. kefyr, C. inconspicua/norvegensis, and those with ID32C identification score <95%.
T279 455619-455694 Sentence denotes In vitro antifungal susceptibility was determined by E-test ® (BioMérieux).
T280 455695-455804 Sentence denotes First isolate of each Candida sp. from each different body site was tested in each patient. were C. glabrata.
T281 455805-455912 Sentence denotes Isolates with non-susceptibility to caspofungin were C. guilliermondii (n = 2) and C. parapsilosis (n = 1).
T282 455913-455924 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T283 455925-456094 Sentence denotes This epidemiological study conducted on a short period of time allowed us to point out differences in Candida spp. isolated from different clinical units and body sites.
T284 456095-456181 Sentence denotes Local epidemiology must be considered for an appropriate empirical antifungal therapy.
T285 456182-456184 Sentence denotes M.
T286 456185-456198 Sentence denotes Mahelova*, F.
T287 456199-456210 Sentence denotes Ruzicka, V.
T288 456211-456219 Sentence denotes Hola, M.
T289 456220-456435 Sentence denotes Votava (Brno, CZ) The most commonly isolated yeats Candida albicans as well as other yeasts can colonize the gastrointestinal tract of humans and be a reservoir for the development of infections at other body sites.
T290 456436-456534 Sentence denotes In 1995, a new species of the Candida genus was identified and classified as Candida dubliniensis.
T291 456535-456659 Sentence denotes This species shares many phenotypic similarities with C. albicans, which leads to its misidentification and underestimation.
T292 456660-456866 Sentence denotes It was primarily isolated and identified from the samples of HIVpositive individuals and AIDS patients suffering from oral candidiasis, and many other publications reported its prevalence in the oropharynx.
T293 456867-456956 Sentence denotes The occurrence of C. dubliniensis in the human feces samples has been tested only rarely.
T294 456957-457056 Sentence denotes C. dubliniensis is not routinely identified in most of clinical laboratories in the Czech Republic.
T295 457057-457184 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of C. dubliniensis in human clinical material, especially in stool samples.
T296 457185-457398 Sentence denotes Three common phenotypic methods were used for discriminating C. dubliniensis from C. albicans (the color of colonies on CHROMagar Candida, the inability to grow at 42 ºC and the colony morphology on Staib medium).
T297 457399-457543 Sentence denotes The identification of C. dubliniensis was verified by polymerase chain reaction with the species-specific primer pair and universal primer pair.
T298 457544-457607 Sentence denotes The experiments took place from December 2007 to December 2010.
T299 457608-457809 Sentence denotes We have collected almost 500 samples from the gastrointestinal tract and about 1500 isolates from the airways and oropharynx, all of which were originally identified in the laboratories as C. albicans.
T300 457810-457878 Sentence denotes Two to three % of these isolates were identified as C. dubliniensis.
T301 457879-457984 Sentence denotes The incidence in the oropharynx and airways (3%) was significantly higher than in the stool samples (2%).
T302 457985-458270 Sentence denotes The significance of the finding lies primarily in the fact that only a small number of publications deals with this particular clinical specimen and that not many publications about the incidence of C. dubliniensis in any other clinical materials have been published in Czech republic.
T303 458271-458287 Sentence denotes Acknowledgement:
T304 458288-458372 Sentence denotes This work was supported by The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, INGO-LA09032
T305 458373-458375 Sentence denotes A.
T306 458376-458388 Sentence denotes Candoni*, E.
T307 458389-458400 Sentence denotes Simeone, M.
T308 458401-458410 Sentence denotes Caira, M.
T309 458411-458423 Sentence denotes Mazzucco, R.
T310 458424-458433 Sentence denotes Fanin, L.
T311 458434-458470 Sentence denotes Pagano (Udine, Rome, IT) Background:
T312 458471-458561 Sentence denotes Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients are at high risk of Invasive Fungal Diseases (IFDs).
T313 458562-458625 Sentence denotes We report our real-life experience with POS prophylaxis in AML.
T314 458626-458809 Sentence denotes We also compare the performance of POS prophylaxis with an historical, well matched, control group of AML pts who received prophylaxis with Fluconazole (FLUCO) or Itraconazole (ITRA).
T315 458810-458831 Sentence denotes Patients and Results:
T316 458832-458948 Sentence denotes Fifty-five unselected and consecutive AML pts received POS prophylaxis (600 mg daily) between Jan 2009 and Oct 2010.
T317 458949-459004 Sentence denotes Median age of this population was 47 yrs (range 18−69).
T318 459005-459074 Sentence denotes All cases were given chemotherapy with anthracyclines and cytarabine.
T319 459075-459177 Sentence denotes The POS was started when neutrophil (PMN) count was less than 1000 mL and was stopped at PMN recovery.
T320 459178-459419 Sentence denotes The median duration of severe neutropenia (PMN lower than 500 mL) was 15 days (range 7−41); 10/55 (18%) of cases had an oral mucositis grade II-III CTC (common toxicity criteria) and 73% (40/55) of these pts received a proton pump inhibitor.
T321 459420-459584 Sentence denotes An active diagnostic work up was made in all cases with Galactomannan assay, standard chest X-ray and thoracic CT scan in case of fever (FUO) lasting over 48 hours.
T322 459585-459652 Sentence denotes The median duration of POS prophylaxis was 15 days (range 7 to 41).
T323 459653-459839 Sentence denotes Only 4/55 (7%) of pts required parenteral empiric or pre-emptive antimycotic therapy and only 2/55 (4%) experienced a proven IFDs (Fusarium solani fungemia and Aspergillus sp pneumonia).
T324 459840-459870 Sentence denotes Mortality IFDs related was 0%.
T325 459871-459963 Sentence denotes POS was well tolerated and only 9% (5/55) of pts experienced mild drug related side effects.
T326 459964-460051 Sentence denotes No cases of POS discontinuation, due to the side effects or intolerance, were reported.
T327 460052-460375 Sentence denotes When we compare the 55 pts who received POS with an historical control group of 55 AML pts who received FLUCO (45/55) or ITRA (10/55)prophylaxis, between Jan 2008 and Jun 2009, no significant differences were observed for underling disease status, age, IFDs risk factors, days of severe neutropenia and days of prophylaxis.
T328 460376-460553 Sentence denotes Instead, there were significant differences in breakthrough IFDs (4% in POS group vs 16% in control group; P = 0,02), and in days of parenteral antymicotic therapyn (37 vs 163).
T329 460554-460566 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T330 460567-460719 Sentence denotes This real-life experience confirms that POS prophylaxis is feasible, safe, well tolerated and effective (prevention of IFDs) in unselected AML patients.
T331 460720-460833 Sentence denotes Only 7% of these high risk pts required parenteral antimycotic therapy and only 4% experienced breakthrough IFDs.
T332 460834-460933 Sentence denotes We also confirm that POS is more effective than FLUCO or ITRA as antifungal prophylaxis in AML pts.
T333 460934-460936 Sentence denotes Y.
T334 460937-460947 Sentence denotes Toyoda, K.
T335 460948-460958 Sentence denotes Cieply, M.
T336 460959-460994 Sentence denotes Nguyen (Pittsburgh, US) Background:
T337 460995-461259 Sentence denotes The diagnosis of invasive asperigllosis (IA) is limited by poor sensitivity and specificity of microbiologic cultures, and the inability of conventional histopathologic tests to distinguish IA from invasive fungal infections (IFI) caused by non-Aspergillus moulds.
T338 461260-461394 Sentence denotes Aspergillus-specific immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) could facilitate direct diagnosis of IA within tissue.
T339 461395-461579 Sentence denotes Methods: IHC and ISH were performed on deparaffinized, formalinfixed sections from previously diagnosed cases of proven IFI, and slides interpreted by pathologist blinded to diagnosis.
T340 461580-461584 Sentence denotes IHC:
T341 461585-461734 Sentence denotes Primary Aspergillus antibody (Abcam, MA) and secondary anti-rabbit antibody were detected with Avidin Biotin Complex and visualized using liquid DAB.
T342 461735-461739 Sentence denotes ISH:
T343 461740-461845 Sentence denotes Commercially synthesized Locked Nucleic Acid probe for Aspergillus was detected using antiflourescein AP.
T344 461846-461931 Sentence denotes Poly T stained tissue section was used to determine the area of tissue to be studied.
T345 461932-461940 Sentence denotes Results:
T346 461941-462176 Sentence denotes 8 tissue sections were available from patients with IA (A. fumigatus = 5; A. niger = 1; non-speciated = 2, and 12 sections were available from patients with IFI due to other fungi (Zygomyces = 6; Candida = 5; Dactylaria gallopava = 1).
T347 462177-462289 Sentence denotes IA samples were obtained from 6 tissue biopsies (3 lungs, 2 upper airways, 1 vocal cord), and 2 autopsy samples.
T348 462290-462428 Sentence denotes 2 serial sections from one patient with IA due to A. fumigatus were excluded from the study because positive control stains were negative.
T349 462429-462510 Sentence denotes The sensitivity of IHC and ISH for IA was 83% (5/6) and 100% (6/6), respectively.
T350 462511-462572 Sentence denotes IHC was falsely negative in 1 pt with IA due to A. fumigatus.
T351 462573-462719 Sentence denotes The specificity of IHC and ISH was 100% (12/12), as the tests were each negative in all sections associated with IFI due to non-Aspergillus fungi.
T352 462720-462869 Sentence denotes IHC was associated with significant levels of non-specific background staining in 33% of the sections that could be analyzed, compared to 0% for ISH.
T353 462870-462881 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T354 462882-463032 Sentence denotes Data from this pilot study suggest that Aspergillus-specific IHC and ISH will facilitate diagnosis of IA and exclude IFI due to non-Aspergillus fungi.
T355 463033-463129 Sentence denotes ISH was superior to IHC by limiting false negative results and non-specific background staining.
T356 463130-463204 Sentence denotes We are currently assessing IHC and ISH prospectively on non-fixed tissues.
T357 463205-463216 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T358 463217-463407 Sentence denotes Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing in frequency and associated with mortality exceeding 70% in some series.
T359 463408-463623 Sentence denotes We conducted this study to find out the approximate incidence of IPA in patients hospitalized with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), its true mortality and to identify potential factors associated with mortality.
T360 463624-463737 Sentence denotes We retrospectively included all patients admitted with AECOPD and isolation of Aspergillus over the last 3 years.
T361 463738-463782 Sentence denotes IPA was defined according to Bulpa criteria.
T362 463783-463884 Sentence denotes Charts were retrospectively reviewed and patients were classified into probable IPA and colonization.
T363 463885-463893 Sentence denotes Results:
T364 463894-463987 Sentence denotes We identified 68 patients admitted in the last 3 years with AECOPD and aspergillus isolation.
T365 463988-464029 Sentence denotes Thirty-seven (54%) had COPD stage III-IV.
T366 464030-464086 Sentence denotes Forty-six (68%) were male and median age was 69 (55−90).
T367 464087-464217 Sentence denotes Fifty-five patients (81%) had increased dyspnoea and 52 (76%) had radiological alterations, mostly new infiltrates in chest x-ray.
T368 464218-464345 Sentence denotes Thirty-nine (57%) received >700 mg of steroids during admittance and 16 (24%) had received >20 mg/day during the past 3 months.
T369 464346-464408 Sentence denotes Twenty patients (28%) had more than one aspergillus isolation.
T370 464409-464494 Sentence denotes Twenty four patients (35%) received voriconazole for a median of 19 days (1−50 days).
T371 464495-464527 Sentence denotes Crude mortality was 21% (14/68).
T372 464528-464664 Sentence denotes Patients with COPD stage III-IV were older (71 vs 63 years, p = 0,02) and had higher mortality, 13/37 (35%) vs 3/32 (9%) (p = 0, 01, OR:
T373 464665-464675 Sentence denotes 3, 9 CI95:
T374 464676-464718 Sentence denotes 1, (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) .
T375 464719-464945 Sentence denotes Similarly, patients with COPD stage III-IV received more frequently high dose steroids 28/37 (76%) vs 11/32 (34%), p < 0,001, and had more frequently increased dyspnoea during admittance, 36/37 (97%) vs 20/32 (62%), p < 0,001.
T376 464946-465042 Sentence denotes Neither daily dose of steroids nor voiconazole therapy were associated with increased mortality.
T377 465043-465136 Sentence denotes In multivariate analysis, only increase dyspnoea was significantly associated with mortality.
T378 465137-465268 Sentence denotes Conclusion: COPD patients stage III-IV had increased mortality because of IPA although it is lower than described by other authors.
T379 465269-465358 Sentence denotes Neither previous nor high steroid doses during admittance were associated with mortality.
T380 465359-465370 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T381 465371-465515 Sentence denotes The diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), which affects various types of immunocompromised patients, can be at times problematic.
T382 465516-465613 Sentence denotes We sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of (1?3)-b-D-glucan (BDG) for the diagnosis of PCP.
T383 465614-465695 Sentence denotes We did a meta-analysis of relevant studies, identified through PubMed and Scopus.
T384 465696-465822 Sentence denotes Eligible studies were those that reported BDG diagnostic data in cases with documented PCP and controls with other conditions.
T385 465823-465891 Sentence denotes We excluded cases of invasive fungal infections or healthy controls.
T386 465892-466050 Sentence denotes We performed a bivariate meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity and constructed a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics (HSROC) curve.
T387 466051-466059 Sentence denotes Results:
T388 466060-466110 Sentence denotes Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis.
T389 466111-466170 Sentence denotes BDG data were provided for 334 PCP cases and 1663 controls.
T390 466171-466304 Sentence denotes The pooled (95% confidence interval) sensitivity and specificity of BDG were 94.7% (90.2-97.2%) and 86.6% (81.5-90.5%), respectively.
T391 466305-466403 Sentence denotes The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 7.1 (5.1−9.9) and 0.06 (0.03-0.12), respectively.
T392 466404-466469 Sentence denotes The area under the HSROC curve was 0.964 (0.944-0.977 Objectives:
T393 466470-466637 Sentence denotes This study assessed a pilot antifungal prevention strategy based on itraconazole levels in consecutive high risk patients with the aim of reducing empirical treatment.
T394 466638-466795 Sentence denotes The patients underwent chemotherapy or allogeneic stem cell transplantation for haematological malignancies and received itraconazole suspension prophylaxis.
T395 466796-466817 Sentence denotes The study is ongoing.
T396 466818-466826 Sentence denotes Methods:
T397 466827-466963 Sentence denotes 48 neutropenic febrile episodes, 25 of which were refractory at 4 days to broad spectrum antibiotics initiated on day one, were studied.
T398 466964-467087 Sentence denotes All patients had serum galactomannan assays (EIA) twice a week and trough itraconazole levels measured on day one of fever.
T399 467088-467159 Sentence denotes If they were still febrile after 4 days, HRCT scan chest was performed.
T400 467160-467294 Sentence denotes Antifungal treatment was required to be given only when well defined clinical, microbiological and radiological criteria were present.
T401 467295-467333 Sentence denotes Invasive Fungal Disease ( Conclusions:
T402 467334-467381 Sentence denotes The incidence of probable or proven IFD was 2%.
T403 467382-467461 Sentence denotes Three patients with possible IFD died (all had received iv antifungal therapy).
T404 467462-467529 Sentence denotes 20% of the patients overall had subtherapeutic itraconazole levels.
T405 467530-467585 Sentence denotes Our strategy reduced the rate of antifungal use by 50%.
T406 467586-467588 Sentence denotes L.
T407 467589-467606 Sentence denotes Chishimba *, R.N.
T408 467607-467616 Sentence denotes Niven, J.
T409 467617-467629 Sentence denotes Cooley, D.W.
T410 467630-467681 Sentence denotes Denning (Manchester, UK) Background and Objectives:
T411 467682-467826 Sentence denotes Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and severe asthma with fungal sensitisation (SAFS) are progressive allergic fungal lung diseases.
T412 467827-467933 Sentence denotes Current treatment with itraconazole (itra) is associated with a 40% failure rate and adverse events (AEs).
T413 467934-468060 Sentence denotes Very little is known about the response rates or appropriateness of treatment with voriconazole (vori) or posaconazole (posa).
T414 468061-468141 Sentence denotes This study assessed the effect of vori or posa as second and third line therapy.
T415 468142-468266 Sentence denotes We conducted a retrospective audit of 27 adult asthmatic patients who fulfilled diagnostic criteria for either ABPA or SAFS.
T416 468267-468317 Sentence denotes All patients had previously received itraconazole.
T417 468318-468424 Sentence denotes Vori (300-600 mg/day) or posa (800 mg/day) (adjusted by TDM) was given for at least 6 months if tolerated.
T418 468425-468505 Sentence denotes Clinical, radiological and immunological evaluation was used to assess response.
T419 468506-468610 Sentence denotes We defined response as improvement in symptoms and either fungal serology or radiological abnormalities.
T420 468611-468735 Sentence denotes The rates of clinical response or failure and their adverse effects (AEs) after 3, 6, and 12 mos of treatment were analyzed.
T421 468736-468850 Sentence denotes Co-existing diagnoses, Aspergillus antibody titre, vori and posa levels and lung function were used as covariates.
T422 468851-468859 Sentence denotes Results:
T423 468860-468945 Sentence denotes There were 27 patients, ABPA (n = 22) or SAFS (n = 5), 11 males, median age = 59 yrs.
T424 468946-469066 Sentence denotes All patients had failed itra (n = 11) or developed AEs (n = 12), had low serum concs (n = 2) or itra resistance (n = 2).
T425 469067-469199 Sentence denotes There were 34 courses of therapy analysed, 25 with vori and 9 with posa; only 2 posa courses were not preceded by vori (resistance).
T426 469200-469370 Sentence denotes Clinical response to voriconazole was observed in 17/25 (68%) at 3 mos, 15/20 (75%) at 6 mos and 12/16 (75%) at 12 mos, compared to 7/9 (78%) at 3, 6 and 12 mos for posa.
T427 469371-469468 Sentence denotes 6/25 (24%) vori pts had AEs requiring discontinuation before 6 mos compared to 0/9 posa patients.
T428 469469-469791 Sentence denotes Vori AEs included GI upset (7), skin photosensitivity (11), blistering (4), visual light flashes (10), insomnia (2), visual hallucinations (2), depression (1), adrenal suppression (2), peripheral neuropathy (4), eye irritation (2), vivid dreams (1), dizziness (1) and headache (1) but most of them were transient and mild.
T429 469792-469859 Sentence denotes Posa AEs included insomnia (2), GI upset and mild liver impairment.
T430 469860-469931 Sentence denotes Among those who discontinued, 4 relapsed (one at 3 mo, 3 at 12 months).
T431 469932-469943 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T432 469944-470072 Sentence denotes Both voriconazole and posaconazole are safe and effective treatment options as second line antifungal therapy for SAFS and ABPA.
T433 470073-470113 Sentence denotes Larger prospective studies are required.
T434 470114-470117 Sentence denotes A .
T435 470118-470129 Sentence denotes Capetti, N.
T436 470130-470144 Sentence denotes Zanchetta*, S.
T437 470145-470154 Sentence denotes Melzi, P.
T438 470155-470165 Sentence denotes Zucchi, L.
T439 470166-470177 Sentence denotes Carenzi, M.
T440 470178-470187 Sentence denotes Cossu, M.
T441 470188-470200 Sentence denotes Gismondo, G.
T442 470201-470236 Sentence denotes Rizzardini (Milano, IT) Background:
T443 470237-470421 Sentence denotes The new methods of measuring HIV-1 RNA have lowered the levels of detection, and not all those patients whose viremia was classified as undetectable have levels below the new cut-offs.
T444 470422-470548 Sentence denotes In this study we tried to assess some of the factors related to deeper HIV-1 RNA suppression among subjects on rescue therapy.
T445 470549-470557 Sentence denotes Methods:
T446 470558-470811 Sentence denotes The VERSANT HIV-1 RNA 1.0 Assay kit (kPCR, Siemens) is a procedure of kinetic polymerase chain reaction (kPCR) with reverse transcription (RT) for the direct quantification of HIV-1 RNA, with a range of detectability between 37 and 11.000.000 copies/mL.
T447 470812-470981 Sentence denotes Below 37 copies, the system can still see some signal (SS) or no signal at all (NS), suggesting that the virus concentration in the sample in this case is extremely low.
T448 470982-471202 Sentence denotes We selected our adherent patients on salvage therapy with darunavir/raltegravir-based regimens (the deep salvage patients, A) and matched each with patients on late lopinavir-based regimens (the experienced patients, B).
T449 471203-471472 Sentence denotes The two populations (A, n = 33, and B, n = 32) were homogeneous by age (48, A, vs 45.1 years, B, P = 0,13), baseline CD4+ T-cells (292 vs 338/mmc, P = 0,4) HIV-1 RNA log10 copies/mL (4,6 vs 4,8, P = 0,6) , and time on viral suppression (112,6 vs 115,1 weeks, P = 0,77).
T450 471473-471632 Sentence denotes However, group A was on average in 11th treatment line with a mean GSS = 1,88, while group B was scattered around the 5th line, having a GSS = 2,83, P < 0,001.
T451 471633-471709 Sentence denotes 21/33 subjects in group A and 16/32 in group B reached NS viremia, p = 0.32.
T452 471710-471892 Sentence denotes Reaching NS viremia does not seem to be correlated with lower baseline viral load (4,6 in NS vs 2,9 log copies/mL in SS, P = 0,69), nor even with baseline GSS (2,3 vs 2,4, P = 0,81).
T453 471893-472042 Sentence denotes Also the CD4-T cell nadir (158 vs 149, P = 0,77) and zenith HIV-1 RNA log log10 copies/mL (5,2 vs. 5,6, P = 0,21) were not predictive of NS response.
T454 472043-472198 Sentence denotes Overall, a fair proportion of subjects in rescue therapy had NS viral loads (57%), and late treatment lines were not associated to worse virologic outcome.
T455 472199-472365 Sentence denotes The relationship between extreme viral load suppression (NS) and the latently infected T-cell pool will be further investigated. in three cases a low AI was detected.
T456 472366-472437 Sentence denotes All other sera from long-standing HIV infection had a high AI (average:
T457 472438-472500 Sentence denotes 1.01+0.08), with no differences between B and non-B genotypes.
T458 472501-472513 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T459 472514-472641 Sentence denotes These results may have relevant implication in understanding the complex mechanism of maturation of the immune response to HIV.
T460 472642-472779 Sentence denotes We will expand our study to other patients with recent HIV-1 infection and to treated patients in order to confirm this preliminary data.
T461 472780-472863 Sentence denotes 23.3% of controls were on chronic steroid therapy for various reasons, mainly COPD.
T462 472864-472895 Sentence denotes Two of the controls were obese.
T463 472896-472908 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T464 472909-473101 Sentence denotes Although the HIV associated immunosuppression may initially predict a more severe clinical course of influenza, our results suggest that evolution does not differ from not HIV-infected people.
T465 473102-473187 Sentence denotes We found a higher frequency of smoking among HIV patients, with an odds ratio of 2.4.
T466 473188-473285 Sentence denotes It is striking also the high occurrence of COPD in both groups, without differences between them.
T467 473286-473413 Sentence denotes If we exclude HCV coinfected patients with liver disease, none of the HIV patients had other chronic diseases, unlike controls.
T468 473414-473418 Sentence denotes A.I.
T469 473419-473435 Sentence denotes Papadopoulos, B.
T470 473436-473448 Sentence denotes Ferwerda, V.
T471 473449-473459 Sentence denotes Sakka*, L.
T472 473460-473470 Sentence denotes Galani, A.
T473 473471-473485 Sentence denotes Antoniadou, D.
T474 473486-473497 Sentence denotes Kavatha, P.
T475 473498-473514 Sentence denotes Panagopoulos, G.
T476 473515-473527 Sentence denotes Poulakou, K.
T477 473528-473561 Sentence denotes Protopapas, J.W. van der Meer, M.
T478 473562-473573 Sentence denotes Netea, E.J.
T479 473574-473635 Sentence denotes Giamarellos-Bourboulis (Athens, GR; Nijmegen, NL) Objectives:
T480 473636-473794 Sentence denotes MyD88 adaptor-like (Mal/TIRAP) is an adaptor protein bridging activation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 after stimulation by exogenous and endogenous ligands.
T481 473795-473972 Sentence denotes We investigated the association between the presence of the S180L SNP of Mal and the risk of severe infection in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection.
T482 473973-474051 Sentence denotes The SNP S180L was determined in a cohort of 179 HIV-1 infected Greek patients.
T483 474052-474149 Sentence denotes Analysis of the prevalence of this SNP in relation to the infectious complications was evaluated.
T484 474150-474342 Sentence denotes One hundred and thirty two (73.3%) patients were bearing the wild type (WT) haplotype, 43 (24%) were heterozygous (HT) for the SNP, and four (2.2%) were homozygous (HO) for the variant allele.
T485 474343-474481 Sentence denotes 39 patients carrying the WT haplotype experienced an infection (29.5%) compared to 12 HT patients (27.3%) and one HT patient (25%) (p ns).
T486 474482-474738 Sentence denotes The individuals with a nadir CD4 count <200 cells/mm 3 who carried the S180L variant demonstrated a 4-fold decrease in the odds ratio (OR) for any serious infection compared with those who carried the wild-type 180S genotype (OR 0.58 vs OR 2.6, p = 0.016).
T487 474739-474908 Sentence denotes Six patients developed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas: two among patients bearing WT haplotypes (1.5%); and four among patients bearing the HT haplotype (9.3%, p = 0.040).
T488 474909-474921 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T489 474922-475065 Sentence denotes This study suggests a protection effect of the Mal S180L SNP against serious infections in HIV-1 infected individuals with low CD4 cell counts.
T490 475066-475068 Sentence denotes H.
T491 475069-475081 Sentence denotes Lederer*, Y.
T492 475082-475095 Sentence denotes Achermann, M.
T493 475096-475108 Sentence denotes Tinguely, F.
T494 475109-475120 Sentence denotes Stenner, J.
T495 475121-475288 Sentence denotes Fehr (Zurich, CH) In February 2010, a 55 year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was referred to our hospital with fever, weakness and diarrhea.
T496 475289-475363 Sentence denotes The past three months he has been suffering from several febrile episodes.
T497 475364-475433 Sentence denotes Extensive work-up during previous hospitalisations revealed no cause.
T498 475434-475460 Sentence denotes HIV was diagnosed in 2007.
T499 475461-475644 Sentence denotes Despite an excellent virological response to antiretroviral treatment with an undetectable plasma viral load the patient remained severely immunosuppressed with 107 CD4 cells/ml (5%).
T500 475645-475824 Sentence denotes On admission he was in reduced general condition, febrile (39.5ºC), had a normal heart rate, a low blood pressure, multiple marginally enlarged lymph nodes and an enlarged spleen.
T501 475825-475915 Sentence denotes Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia, elevated C-reactive protein and acute renal failure.
T502 475916-476005 Sentence denotes Vast examinations for bacteria, mycobacteria, helminths, protozoas remained all negative.
T503 476006-476102 Sentence denotes Upper and lower endoscopic bowel examination with tissue biopsies showed no evidence of disease.
T504 476103-476216 Sentence denotes Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)positron emission tomography scan revealed a pathological FDG-uptake in lymphatic tissue.
T505 476217-476417 Sentence denotes Immunohistochemical examination was positive for human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) latency-associated nuclear antigen ( Figure) , which allowed the diagnosis of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD).
T506 476418-476502 Sentence denotes A treatment with rituximab, etoposide and valganciclovir for six cycles was started.
T507 476503-476655 Sentence denotes Ten months later, the patient was free from new febrile episodes, was working full-time and CT scan revealed a decreased size and number of lymph nodes.
T508 476656-476773 Sentence denotes MCD is a HHV-8 associated lymphoproliferative disease and should be considered as a possible cause of episodic fever.
T509 476774-476865 Sentence denotes Disease presentation varies widely and the optimal treatment-regime is not yet established.
T510 476866-476950 Sentence denotes Improvement of the immune system and treatment of the underlying disease is crucial.
T511 476951-477004 Sentence denotes Antiviral agents have been successfully investigated.
T512 477005-477071 Sentence denotes A promising approach for treatment in selected cases is rituximab.
T513 477072-477197 Sentence denotes Antineoplastic agents such as etoposide or vinblastine are highly active in preventing the evolution of MCD towards lymphoma.
T514 477198-477312 Sentence denotes Because of the unspecific findings, MCD can be difficult to diagnose in the setting of episodic fever and malaise.
T515 477313-477573 Sentence denotes We present a case of MCD for which it was extremely challenging to establish the diagnosis and assume that MCD is still underestimated even though it is more important than ever to have MCD diagnosed timely as new very promising therapeutical approaches exist.
T516 477574-477585 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T517 477586-477704 Sentence denotes Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is more frequent and severe in HIV-infected patients than in the general population.
T518 477705-477844 Sentence denotes We assessed the impact of a 3.5-year nurse intervention to improve immunity against HBV in patients from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS).
T519 477845-477976 Sentence denotes The intervention was conducted in one center (intervention center) and 6 other centers were used as a comparator (control centers).
T520 477977-478131 Sentence denotes Methods: SHCS participants who were seronegative for HbsAg and anti-HBc in January 2007 were included in the study groups and followed up until June 2010.
T521 478132-478575 Sentence denotes Non immune patients (anti-HBs <10 IU/L) and patients with unknown immunity were eligible for nurse intervention, consisting of (1) documenting HBV serostatus in patients with previously missing information, (2) providing vaccination (3 doses with a minimal interval of 1 and 6 months) to non-immune patients, (3) measuring vaccination effectiveness 1 month after the 3rd dose and (4) providing a second course of vaccination to non-responders.
T522 478576-478584 Sentence denotes Results:
T523 478585-478735 Sentence denotes A total of 238 and 2712 patients seronegative for HbsAg and anti-HBc were included in the intervention and control centers, respectively ( Figure 1 ).
T524 478736-478937 Sentence denotes Between 2007 and 2010, the number of patients with absent immunity decreased from 124 (52%) to 56 (24%) in the intervention center, and from 1658 (61%) to 1505 (55%) in the control centers (P < 0.001).
T525 478938-479115 Sentence denotes The number of patients with undocumented immunity decreased from 76 (32%) to 0 (0%) in the intervention center, and from 174 (6%) to 131 (5%) in the control centers (P < 0.001).
T526 479116-479285 Sentence denotes Conclusions: HBV immunity in the HIV population is insufficient in Switzerland and can be significantly improved by nurse intervention. (12%) were HIV antibody positive.
T527 479286-479355 Sentence denotes Sixty six patients (65%) had HBsAg checked but only one was positive.
T528 479356-479452 Sentence denotes Fifty nine (58%) patients had a viral load measured and 31 (30%) had the virus genotype checked.
T529 479453-479495 Sentence denotes The AST was measured in 75 (74%) patients.
T530 479496-479528 Sentence denotes 99 patients were HBsAg positive.
T531 479529-479603 Sentence denotes These tests were requested by above specialist teams in 43 (43%) patients.
T532 479604-479683 Sentence denotes HIV serology was checked in 63 (64%) patients and this was positive in 6 (10%).
T533 479684-479718 Sentence denotes 52 (53%) had HCV antibody checked.
T534 479719-479808 Sentence denotes 49 (49%) patients had a HBV viral load checked and AST was measured in 77 (78%) patients.
T535 479809-479855 Sentence denotes One patient was positive for HBV, HCV and HIV.
T536 479856-480029 Sentence denotes Conclusions: HIV testing in hepatitis B and C patients is far from universal, however the same applies to testing for a second blood borne hepatitis virus in these patients.
T537 480030-480170 Sentence denotes The laboratory currently recommends referral to gastroenterology services in cases of positive viral hepatitis B & C markers on the reports.
T538 480171-480270 Sentence denotes This should be extended to include considering testing for other blood borne viruses including HIV.
T539 480271-480445 Sentence denotes The results suggest that a substantial number of requests did not come from the specialist teams in the hospital suggesting they may not have been involved with all patients.
T540 480446-480528 Sentence denotes Further investigation is warranted to establish the targets for further education.
T541 480529-480676 Sentence denotes The fusion process of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1), is mediated by the gp120 surface protein and the gp41 transmembrane protein.
T542 480677-480944 Sentence denotes To facilitate viral entry, the gp120 glycoprotein must bind to cell-surface CD4, alter its conformation to reveal a site for co-receptor attachment, and trigger conformational rearrangements in the gp41 glycoprotein to mediate fusion of viral and host cell membranes.
T543 480945-481015 Sentence denotes Therefore the gp120-CD4 interaction is critical for virus-cell fusion.
T544 481016-481103 Sentence denotes The gp120 region that binds CD4 is the target of the broadly neutralizing antibody B12.
T545 481104-481221 Sentence denotes The B12 antibody targets gp120 and recognizes a highly conserved epitope overlapping the CD4-binding region of gp120.
T546 481222-481432 Sentence denotes This antibody is one of the four known human monoclonal antibodies identified that can efficiently neutralize a broad array of primary isolates of HIV-1 in vitro and can protect against viral challenge in vivo.
T547 481433-481653 Sentence denotes The goal of this project is to evaluate the potential of CD4 targeting and virus-cell fusion inhibition of HIV-1 by a single domain antibody grafted with the gp120 highly conserved epitope recognized by the B12 antibody.
T548 481654-481807 Sentence denotes This will be done using the 23 amino acids loop of gp120, grafted at the CDR1 of a highly stable rabbit single domain VL antibody, and designated VL-B12.
T549 481808-481983 Sentence denotes The potential of this VL-B12 construct has been tested for CD4 binding by ELISA assay against soluble CD4 and by FACS analysis using HeLa, HeLa-P4, 293T and Jurkat cell lines.
T550 481984-482070 Sentence denotes VL-B12 is highly specific and exhibits a high binding to CD4 in the conditions tested.
T551 482071-482437 Sentence denotes Preliminary inhibition assays performed in Jurkat cells, a Human T lymphocyte cell line, in the presence of the VL-B12 construct show no apparent HIV-1NL4−3 inhibition, indicating that VL-B12-CD4 binding alone is not sufficient to block virus-cell fusion and that a steric effect due to the presence of a larger molecule may be necessary for HIV-1 fusion inhibition.
T552 482438-482638 Sentence denotes The VL-B12 is being tested in Cell-to-cell inhibition assays and standard Jurkat cell line inhibition assays in interaction with different molecules to further evaluate its HIV-1 inhibition potential.
T553 482639-482759 Sentence denotes In conclusion, this VL-B12 appears to be very promising for CD4 targeting and a valuable mediator of biopharmaceuticals.
T554 482760-483124 Sentence denotes To fill these gaps, the CCH Fever project proposes to create a multidisciplinary collaborative research environment by bringing together selected competitive advantages such as: operative capacity with appropriate high security research facilities, reference centers and clinical samples from endemic areas and an international network of e xperienced researchers.
T555 483125-483240 Sentence denotes This multidisciplinary research consortium will facilitate the progress in several key research areas of the field.
T556 483241-483813 Sentence denotes This program will mainly focus on (i) developing sensitive and biosafe stateof-art diagnostic tools for CCHFV, (ii) gathering the forces and resources in Europe to build a Biobank of clinical samples, (iii) building a comprehensive database consisting in clinical, laboratory and surveillance data, (iv) taking advantage of unique and state-of-art tools to progress towards vaccine candidates and specific antivirals against this bio-treat and (v) disseminating the appropriate knowledge to the health care workers in endemic regions and contributing to capacity building.
T557 483814-484041 Sentence denotes These achievements will provide tools for local and European public health authorities to prevent or counter future outbreaks and monitor the spread of the disease thanks to the established novel and unique tools and resources.
T558 484042-484085 Sentence denotes All patients were examined by gynecologist.
T559 484086-484185 Sentence denotes There was drawn the biopsy material from cervical canal of uterus, the blood serum in each patient.
T560 484186-484355 Sentence denotes At the time of relapse a PCR method and a fluorescence immunoassay were used for detection of HSV2 in biopsy material and immunoglobulin G to HSV2 in serum respectively.
T561 484356-484400 Sentence denotes Also urinalysis and urine culture were done.
T562 484401-484440 Sentence denotes All patients were treated by acyclovir.
T563 484441-484449 Sentence denotes Results:
T564 484450-484520 Sentence denotes All patients had a history of more than 4−8 episodes of LUTI per year.
T565 484521-484602 Sentence denotes The most common complaints were frequent and painful urination, itch and burning.
T566 484603-484691 Sentence denotes There was observed the relationship of LUTI relapses with menstrual cycle in each woman.
T567 484692-484772 Sentence denotes The gynecological examination was displayed no abnormal changes in each patient.
T568 484773-484854 Sentence denotes In the urinalysis there was revealed the increased amount of epitheliocytes only.
T569 484855-484888 Sentence denotes All urine cultures were negative.
T570 484889-485095 Sentence denotes All biopsy materials from cervical canal of uterus were negative for HSV2, but about 75% (45/60) patients with LUTI symptoms were found high level of immunoglobulin G to HSV2 (1:1600−1:3200) in blood serum.
T571 485096-485151 Sentence denotes Three weeks later the antibody G titer increased twice.
T572 485152-485230 Sentence denotes The patients were treated by acyclovir 400 mg three times a day for five days.
T573 485231-485319 Sentence denotes Then the suppressive therapy with acyclovir 400 mg twice a day was given for 3−5 months.
T574 485320-485389 Sentence denotes After the full course of treatment no one patient complained of LUTI.
T1 485390-485528 Sentence denotes In the patients with frequent episodes (more than 4 per year) of LUTI symptoms and normal urinalysis herpes genitalis should be suspected.
T2 485529-485612 Sentence denotes The fluorescence immunoassay may be used in case of receiving negative PCR results.
T3 485613-485621 Sentence denotes Results:
T4 485622-485691 Sentence denotes In our study, 27 patients were enrolled due to M. marinum infections.
T5 485692-485766 Sentence denotes Among thirty isolates, three were repetitively isolated from two patients.
T6 485767-485924 Sentence denotes According to the criteria of clinical outcomes mentioned in methods, 18 patient's outcomes were successful, eight were failed, and one was lost to follow-up.
T7 485925-486012 Sentence denotes Statistically, 8 failed and 1 lost to followup were pooled into "not successful" group.
T8 486013-486071 Sentence denotes In "successful" group, the mean (±SD) age is 50.1 (±21.6).
T9 486072-486134 Sentence denotes In "not successful" group, the mean (±SD) age is 45.8 (±19.3).
T10 486135-486197 Sentence denotes Twelve patients had either fish tank contact or fishing hobby.
T11 486198-486256 Sentence denotes Two had shrimp contact, and one played in a swimming pool.
T12 486257-486304 Sentence denotes One received intra-articular steroid injection.
T13 486305-486373 Sentence denotes Three patients got minor or superficial trauma on their extremities.
T14 486374-486425 Sentence denotes Eight had no documents about their contact history.
T15 486426-486602 Sentence denotes In successful group, 9 patients had ever received surgical debridement; in not-successful group, 1 patient had received surgical debridement (2sided Fisher's exact p = 0.0912).
T16 486603-486614 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T17 486615-486750 Sentence denotes In Taiwan, this is the first study to unravel the relationship between clinical outcome and susceptibility testing of bacterial strain.
T18 486751-486885 Sentence denotes Optimal anti-mycobacterial regimens have not well been established, all drugs had been reported as successful agents or failed agents.
T19 486886-487114 Sentence denotes In our study, we cannot identify the risk factors of treatment failure, but the duration of prescribing clarithromycin, rifampicin, ethambutol, and doxycycline were different between "successful" group and "notsuccessful" group.
T20 487115-487175 Sentence denotes Pulmonary NTM infection appears not to be a uniform disease.
T21 487176-487282 Sentence denotes The clinical and radiological presentation varies, but seems independent of mycobacteria species involved.
T22 487283-487377 Sentence denotes None of our patients progressed or deteriorated due to NTM-infection, four patients are cured.
T23 487378-487626 Sentence denotes In our opinion this result was achieved because of thorough interdisciplinary discussions in the ID-board considering the clinical presentations, co-morbidities and expected drug-toxicities which led finally to a favourable outcome of our patients.
T24 487627-487882 Sentence denotes Comparison between test in vivo (TST) and in-vitro (IGRA PPD) demostrated that IGRA performes better than TST when CD4 cells are below 500 cells/ml; TST is not useful in detecting immunological response to tubercular infection in case of immunodeficiency.
T25 487883-487885 Sentence denotes L.
T26 487886-487900 Sentence denotes Gkaravela*, A.
T27 487901-487909 Sentence denotes Foka, M.
T28 487910-487921 Sentence denotes Sevdali, F.
T29 487922-487937 Sentence denotes Kolonitsiou, A.
T30 487938-487956 Sentence denotes Spiliopoulou, E.D.
T31 487957-487972 Sentence denotes Anastassiou, I.
T32 487973-488009 Sentence denotes Spiliopoulou (Patras, GR) Objective:
T33 488010-488093 Sentence denotes An increase in the number of tuberculosis cases in Southwestern Greece is observed.
T34 488094-488248 Sentence denotes The re-emergence of disease combined with isolation of multidrug-resistant strains has intensified the need for rapid diagnostic methods for mycobacteria.
T35 488249-488349 Sentence denotes The rate of mycobacteria isolation with the Bactec/9000MB system and the Löwenstein-Jensen Barry, A.
T36 488350-488363 Sentence denotes Al-Somily, F.
T37 488364-488372 Sentence denotes Buba, U.
T38 488373-488382 Sentence denotes Yusuf, N.
T39 488383-488416 Sentence denotes Al Anazi (Riyadh, SA) Objectives:
T40 488417-488419 Sentence denotes 1.
T41 488420-488525 Sentence denotes Compare the baseline and post treatment values of CD4 and CD8 of patients with tuberculosis and controls.
T42 488526-488528 Sentence denotes 2.
T43 488529-488593 Sentence denotes To analyze the sequential CD4 counts during and after treatment.
T44 488594-488615 Sentence denotes Subjects and Methods:
T45 488616-488732 Sentence denotes Twenty eight (28) consecutive adult patients diagnosed with different clinical forms of tuberculosis were recruited.
T46 488733-488981 Sentence denotes Eligible patients were enrolled based on compatible symptoms of TB and positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on Ziel-Nielsen smear and/or culture of relevant specimens as determined by the Bactec system and/or Lowenstein-Jensen culture methods.
T47 488982-489100 Sentence denotes All controls were selected relying on the absence of history suggestive of tuberculosis and negative tuberculin tests.
T48 489101-489259 Sentence denotes Both subjects and controls were screened for HIV and ensured negative using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA).
T49 489260-489306 Sentence denotes Flow cytometry study was done as per protocol.
T50 489307-489516 Sentence denotes Patients and controls were excluded if they have the following conditions: any form of immunodeficiency syndromes, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and concurrent use of immunosuppressant medications.
T51 489517-489595 Sentence denotes Informed consent was sought from both subjects and controls before enrollment.
T52 489596-489604 Sentence denotes Results:
T53 489605-489692 Sentence denotes Twenty eight consecutive (28) patients with varied forms of tuberculosis were enrolled.
T54 489693-489853 Sentence denotes The baseline CD4 counts of patients (mean ±SD of 556.8±297.8) were significantly reduced as compared with matched controls (1132.3±259.9) at a p value of 0.000.
T55 489854-489969 Sentence denotes Further the pretreatment and post treatment values of patients were significantly different as recorded as follows:
T56 489970-490022 Sentence denotes 556.8±297.8 versus 954.3±210.9 with a p value 0.000.
T57 490023-490182 Sentence denotes The baseline CD8 counts were not significantly reduced (p value 0.013) as the values were 1136.0±512.1 and 1461.9±367.0 for patients and controls respectively.
T58 490183-490335 Sentence denotes However, there were improvement of the CD8 counts after treatment; baseline counts of 1136.0±512.1 versus 1316.5±286.2 after treatment (P value, 0.002).
T59 490336-490456 Sentence denotes The study showed significantly lower baseline CD4 counts among patients with tuberculosis as compared with the controls.
T60 490457-490542 Sentence denotes Further, the counts significantly rose towards normalization at the end of treatment.
T61 490543-490653 Sentence denotes We therefore conclude that tuberculosis is associated with CD4 lymphoenia independent of other notable causes.
T62 490654-490720 Sentence denotes The counts are reversible and may indicate a success of treatment.
T63 490721-490732 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T64 490733-491012 Sentence denotes To compare the use of tuberculin skin test (TST) and Interferon-g (IFN-g) Release Assay using three specific antigens (ESAT-6, CFP-10 and TB7.7) (QuantiFERON ® -TB Gold in tube) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection (TBI) and indication of treatment in health care workers.
T65 491013-491021 Sentence denotes Methods:
T66 491022-491150 Sentence denotes We conducted a prospective transversal study of health personnel who came for routine health care study (may 2007 to june 2010).
T67 491151-491261 Sentence denotes All were screened with TST and QFT (Cellestis, Australia) and risk factors were registered in a questionnaire.
T68 491262-491343 Sentence denotes Patients with a positive result (TST or QFT) were screened also with chest X-ray.
T69 491344-491482 Sentence denotes TST was performed by Mantoux method and a positive test was defined as an induration 5mm in non-vaccinated and 15 mm in vaccinated people.
T70 491483-491541 Sentence denotes QTF was made according to the manufacturer specifications.
T71 491542-491618 Sentence denotes We considered as vaccinated persons those presenting with a suggestive scar.
T72 491619-491687 Sentence denotes CDC recommendations were followed for the interpretation of the QFT.
T73 491688-491762 Sentence denotes Agreement between TST and QFT was assessed by the Cohen kappa coefficient.
T74 491763-491771 Sentence denotes Results:
T75 491772-491856 Sentence denotes We studied 316 health care workers (72.2% women) from the General Hospital of Jerez.
T76 491857-491888 Sentence denotes Average age was 43.4 years (SD:
T77 491889-491930 Sentence denotes 8.8), 76.4% had been vaccinated with BCG.
T78 491931-492006 Sentence denotes TST was not done in 104 (32.9%) persons because of a previous positive TST.
T79 492007-492082 Sentence denotes TST was positive in 50 (68.5%) and QFT in 30 (41.1%) non-vaccinated people.
T80 492083-492180 Sentence denotes Whereas, for vaccinated people TST was positive in 93 (39.1%) and QFT was positive in 53 (22.2%).
T81 492181-492396 Sentence denotes Agreement between the TST and QFT was 64.4% (Kappa 0.33, CI (0.15-0.51)) among the non vaccinated group; when we defined positive test for TST as an 10 mm induration, agreement was 71.2% (Kappa 0.43, CI (0.23-0.63).
T82 492397-492469 Sentence denotes Agreement was 64% (Kappa 0.18, CI (0.06-0.30)) for the vaccinated group.
T83 492470-492516 Sentence denotes Two indetermined results were detected by QFT.
T84 492517-492631 Sentence denotes The indication of TBI treatment made by TST and risk situation was modified in 70% of cases according to QFT test.
T85 492632-492748 Sentence denotes We prescribed treatment of TBI by QFT in 13% of the patients that did not have this indication according to the TST.
T86 492749-492751 Sentence denotes 1.
T87 492752-492829 Sentence denotes Agreement between TST and QFT was low in vaccinated and nonvaccinated people.
T88 492830-492832 Sentence denotes 2.
T89 492833-492989 Sentence denotes QFT was better than TST for recent tuberculosis infection diagnosis in health care workers because of its high specificity and no interference of booster 3.
T90 492990-493057 Sentence denotes QFT was a better indicator for treatment of tuberculosis infection.
T91 493058-493199 Sentence denotes Further studies addressing IFN-g sero-conversion and -reversion in health care workers for the follow-up of health care personnel are needed.
T92 493200-493252 Sentence denotes 2) and came for screening of tuberculosis infection.
T93 493253-493373 Sentence denotes All were screened with chest X-ray, TST, QFT (Cellestis, Australia) and risk factors were registered in a questionnaire.
T94 493374-493512 Sentence denotes TST was performed by Mantoux method and a positive test was defined as an induration 5mm in non-vaccinated and 15 mm in vaccinated people.
T95 493513-493571 Sentence denotes QFT was made according to the manufacturer specifications.
T96 493572-493648 Sentence denotes We considered as vaccinated persons those presenting with a suggestive scar.
T97 493649-493746 Sentence denotes CDC recommendations were followed for the interpretation of the QFT and the treatment of the TBI.
T98 493747-493821 Sentence denotes Agreement between TST and QFT was assessed by the Cohen kappa coefficient.
T99 493822-493830 Sentence denotes Results:
T100 493831-493934 Sentence denotes Agreement between TST and the QFT among non-vaccinated patients was 84.2% (Kappa 0.69, CI (0.56-0.82)).
T101 493935-494051 Sentence denotes When we redefined positive test for TST as an induration 10 mm, agreement rose to 86.8% (Kappa 0.74, CI 0.61-0.86)).
T102 494052-494123 Sentence denotes Agreement for vaccinated people was 70.7% (Kappa 0.38, CI (0.26-0.50)).
T103 494124-494208 Sentence denotes QFT (−)/TST (+) results was the most frequent disagreement in non-vaccinated people.
T104 494209-494281 Sentence denotes QFT was indeterminated for 5 patients, 4 of these were negative for TST.
T105 494282-494393 Sentence denotes We prescribed treatment of TBI by QFT in 14% of the patients that did not have indication according to the TST.
T106 494394-494508 Sentence denotes The indication of TBI treatment made by TST and risk situation was modified in 46% of cases according to QFT test.
T107 494509-494511 Sentence denotes 1.
T108 494512-494592 Sentence denotes Agreement between TST and QFT was good in non vaccinated intravenous drug users.
T109 494593-494595 Sentence denotes 2.
T110 494596-494732 Sentence denotes Agreement between TST and QFT was low in vaccinated intravenous drug users even if TST was considered positive with the 15 mm criterion.
T111 494733-494735 Sentence denotes 3.
T112 494736-494849 Sentence denotes QFT test is a better tool to identify infected individuals and to reduce the number of unnecessary TBI treatment.
T113 494850-494861 Sentence denotes Background:
T114 494862-495276 Sentence denotes Global control of tuberculosis is hampered by slow, insensitive diagnostic methods, particularly for the detection of drugresistant forms and in immunocompramised patient's Early detection of tuberculosis is essential to reduce the overall mortality and morbidity as well as elimination of disease transmission, but the complexity and infrastructure needs of sensitive methods limit their accessibility and effect.
T115 495277-495351 Sentence denotes R2690 Risk factors for long-term treatment in lymph node tuberculosis J.P.
T116 495352-495363 Sentence denotes Lanoix*, T.
T117 495364-495375 Sentence denotes Guimard, N.
T118 495376-495387 Sentence denotes Ettahar, A.
T119 495388-495399 Sentence denotes Grannec, C.
T120 495400-495411 Sentence denotes Flateau, C.
T121 495412-495424 Sentence denotes Chapuzet, P.
T122 495425-495439 Sentence denotes Tattevin, J.L.
T123 495440-495512 Sentence denotes Schmit (Amiens, Rennes, Tourcoing, Caen, Lille, Rouen, FR) Introduction:
T124 495513-495743 Sentence denotes Lymph node tuberculosis (LNTB) is the most frequent extrapumonary tuberculosis (TB), but some authors reported huge differences between duration of treatment instead of WHO 2003 recommendations for 6 to 9 months of antiTB therapy.
T125 495744-495872 Sentence denotes We conducted a retrospective multiple centre study in the aim to describe the clinical factors for prolongation of antiTB drugs.
T126 495873-495893 Sentence denotes Material and Method:
T127 495894-496033 Sentence denotes We included retrospectively all patients who presented with at least LNTB during 1998-2010 periods from seven hospitals in North of France.
T128 496034-496140 Sentence denotes TB was diagnosed either by culture or histology or clinical suspicion improving with antitubercular drugs.
T129 496141-496182 Sentence denotes Five universities hospitals participated.
T130 496183-496276 Sentence denotes We excluded from treatment duration analysis patients with bone and neurological involvement.
T131 496277-496285 Sentence denotes Results:
T132 496286-496375 Sentence denotes 148 patients were included, 57 of them were men (38.5%), and 58 (41.1%) were Africa born.
T133 496376-496423 Sentence denotes Median age was 43.2 years (extremes 13.2-91.3).
T134 496424-496553 Sentence denotes There were 21 (16.2%) HIV infected patients, 13 of them (54.2%) were diagnosed HIV positive at the same time at the TB diagnosis.
T135 496554-496586 Sentence denotes Mean CD4 cell was 193.7/mm3±151.
T136 496587-496774 Sentence denotes Forty two patients (28.8%) had another TB localisation (of whom 4 had bone or neurological involvement), 91 (61.9%) had superficial lymph nodes, 73 (49.6%) had cervical localisation only.
T137 496775-496835 Sentence denotes Four (2.7%) patients died, 13 (8.8%) were lost of follow up.
T138 496836-496941 Sentence denotes Duration treatment analysis was undertaken on 126 patients: median duration was 9 months (extremes 2−30).
T139 496942-497198 Sentence denotes Treatment was significantly longer in HIV positive patients (p < 0.01), in patients with other TB localisation than lymph node (p < 0.01), in patients with loss of weight (p = 0.02), and if patient had presented new lymph node during treatment (p = 0.023).
T140 497199-497345 Sentence denotes The treatment was significantly shorter when no complication occurred, and the main cause for treatment prolongation was non favourable evolution.
T141 497346-497479 Sentence denotes Seven patients presented relapse, 2 have been treated for 9 months, 2 for 6 months, 2 for 4 months, one for 30 months before relapse.
T142 497480-497545 Sentence denotes Conclusion: LNTB is treated much longer than WHO recommendations.
T143 497546-497758 Sentence denotes Only 58% of treatment length is in accordance with 2003 recommendations, and 23% with 2009 recommendations which suggest that 6 months are sufficient for all extrapulmonary TB except for bone and neurological TB.
T144 497759-497872 Sentence denotes Factors associated with treatment duration are HIV infection, loss of weight and other tuberculosis localisation.
T145 497873-498009 Sentence denotes R2691 Prevalence and aetiological pathogens of asymptomatic bacteriuria in type 2 diabetic patients with and without microalbuminuria I.
T146 498010-498021 Sentence denotes Daniil*, A.
T147 498022-498042 Sentence denotes Papazafiropoulou, S.
T148 498043-498062 Sentence denotes Konstantopoulou, A.
T149 498063-498079 Sentence denotes Sotiropoulos, E.
T150 498080-498093 Sentence denotes Balampani, A.
T151 498094-498106 Sentence denotes Kokolaki, S.
T152 498107-498121 Sentence denotes Bousboulas, S.
T153 498122-498132 Sentence denotes Pappas, D.
T154 498133-498170 Sentence denotes Petropoulou (Piraeus, GR) Objectives:
T155 498171-498270 Sentence denotes The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in diabetic patients is high, especially in women.
T156 498271-498461 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and to identify the aetiological pathogens of ASB in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) with and without microalbuminuria (MA).
T157 498462-498470 Sentence denotes Methods:
T158 498471-498565 Sentence denotes A total of 200 patients with T2D (100 with MA and 100 without MA) were recruited in the study.
T159 498566-498759 Sentence denotes Patients with overt diabetic nephropathy or nephropathy from other causes, with symptoms of urinary track infection or use of antimicrobial drugs in the last 14 days were excluded by the study.
T160 498760-498932 Sentence denotes Microalbuminuria was diagnosed measuring the albumin excretion rate (AER) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) method (Pharmacia, Pharmacia and Upjon Diagnostics AB, Uppsala, Sweden).
T161 498933-499100 Sentence denotes Midstream clean voiding urinary specimens were collected for urinalysis, examined by Gram stain and cultured on blood and MacConkey agar for detection of uropathogens.
T162 499101-499280 Sentence denotes Any isolated pathogen (after 24−48hours incubation) was identified using BBL™ Enterotube™ II (BD Diagnostic Systems, Germany), Api System and Vitek 2 Compact (Biomerieux, France).
T163 499281-499289 Sentence denotes Results:
T164 499290-499437 Sentence denotes The prevalence of ASB was increased in diabetic patients with MA compared to diabetic patients without MA (21% versus 8%, P < 0.001, respectively).
T165 499438-499706 Sentence denotes Escherichia coli was the most prevalent pathogen isolated in diabetic patients with and without MA (12% versus 3.0%, P = 0.01, respectively) followed by Proteus mirabilis (6% versus 5%, P = 0.75, respectively) and Klebsiella spp (5% versus 1%, P = 0.09, respectively).
T166 499707-499810 Sentence denotes Conclusion: ASB was more prevalent among T2D patients with MA and the main causative agent was E. coli.
T167 499811-500010 Sentence denotes Screening for ASB is warranted in diabetic patients especially if pyuria is detected in urine analysis since ASB has been found to be a risk factor for developing symptomatic urinary tract infection.
T168 500011-500019 Sentence denotes Results:
T169 500020-500089 Sentence denotes Kp strains revealed various susceptibility to imipenem and meropenem.
T170 500090-500219 Sentence denotes All strains were resistant to ertapenem, but most of them were susceptible to gentamicin, tetracycline, tigecycline and colistin.
T171 500220-500284 Sentence denotes All strains were KPC-2 producers and belonged to the same clone.
T172 500285-500331 Sentence denotes Patients' mean age was 70 years (range 25−81).
T173 500332-500461 Sentence denotes Clinical diagnosis were: nine acute leukemia, one chronic lemphogenic leukemia, one aplastic anemia and one non Hodgkin lymphoma.
T174 500462-500554 Sentence denotes The duration of patients' hospitalization was 0−24 days, before the isolation of Kp strains.
T175 500555-500647 Sentence denotes In three patients, a simultaneous isolation of KPC strains from urine cultures was observed.
T176 500648-500831 Sentence denotes Two patients with bacteremia were found to be colonized in the intestine with with KPC strains, while four patients developed first the bacteremia and intestine colonization followed.
T177 500832-500924 Sentence denotes Neutropenia was observed in eight patients, with an absolute number of neutrophils 0-400/ml.
T178 500925-501150 Sentence denotes Before the isolation of the KPC strains, all patients were treated with a combination of a b-lactam antibiotic and an aminoglycoside, while after the isolation the treatment changed to colistin, tigecycline and/or gentamycin.
T179 501151-501244 Sentence denotes The response was poor and ten patients out of twelve (83%) died because of the KPC infection.
T180 501245-501257 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T181 501258-501451 Sentence denotes Bacteremia from KPC-2 producers Kp, in hematological patients, has high mortality and consists a serious medical-nursery problem, in addition with the already existing high bacteria resistance.
T182 501452-501454 Sentence denotes T.
T183 501455-501487 Sentence denotes Damci (Istanbul, TR) Objectives:
T184 501488-501595 Sentence denotes To identify risk factors contributing treatment responses and prognoses in severe diabetic foot infections.
T185 501596-501616 Sentence denotes Material and Method:
T186 501617-501752 Sentence denotes Between April 2008 and October 2010, a prospective study was conducted by Diabetic Foot Study Group on severe diabetic foot infections.
T187 501753-501761 Sentence denotes Results:
T188 501762-501903 Sentence denotes A total of 62 patients were included in this study, the mean age was 64.09 (range 37 to 87) years and forty three (69.4%) patients were male.
T189 501904-501958 Sentence denotes Eighty patients were diabetic for more than ten years.
T190 501959-502074 Sentence denotes 56.5% of the patient had previous hospital stay and 83.9% had previous antibiotic use within the last three months.
T191 502075-502198 Sentence denotes The duration of wound infections were more than four weeks in 84% of the patients and 56.5% of them had purulent discharge.
T192 502199-502313 Sentence denotes Leucocytosis was found in 26 (46.8%) patients and 41 (66.1%) patients had elevated CRP levels more than five fold.
T193 502314-502393 Sentence denotes 14.5% of patients were classified as Wagner stage 4 and 8% were Wagner stage 5.
T194 502394-502465 Sentence denotes Thirty three (53.2%) of the patients were presented with osteomyelitis.
T195 502466-502513 Sentence denotes Etiology was identified in 41 (66.1%) patients.
T196 502514-502648 Sentence denotes Gram negative bacilli were isolated in 19 (46.3%), Gram positive cocci were isolated in 10 (24.4%) and 12 (29.2%) grew mixed bacteria.
T197 502649-502842 Sentence denotes Ten of 41 microorganisms isolated were ESBL producing Gram negative bacilli, three were MRSA, nine were MRSE, seven were multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa and three were MDR A. baumannii.
T198 502843-502989 Sentence denotes The mean duration of hospitalization was 38.4 days; 37 (59.7%) patients underwent debridement and amputation was performed in 30 (48.4%) patients.
T199 502990-503035 Sentence denotes Major amputation was reqüired in 9% of cases.
T200 503036-503047 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T201 503048-503114 Sentence denotes Complete clinical improvement was observed in 26 (41.9%) patients.
T202 503115-503511 Sentence denotes Duration of diabetes over ten years (p = 0.017), higher fever ( 38.5ºC) (p = 0.004), existance of purulent discharge (p = 0.020), higher Wagner stage of the wound (p = 0.000), elevated CRP levels (>5 fold) (p = 0.01), infection with MDR bacteria (p = 0.066), requirement of amputation (p = 0.000) and prolonged hospital stay (p = 0.01) were negative predictors of treatment success and prognosis.
T203 503512-503520 Sentence denotes Methods:
T204 503521-503716 Sentence denotes 103 CMV seropositive patients over the age of 18 − and whose donors were also seropositive − who had undergone renal transplantation between January 2007 and June 2010 were included in the study.
T205 503717-503796 Sentence denotes The data on these patients were recorded retrospectively using follow-up forms.
T206 503797-504098 Sentence denotes The form included the following information: age, gender, primary disease, cold ischemia time, type of transplantation, immunosuppressive treatment scheme, duration of valganciclovir use, adverse effects, CMV antigenemia level and whether CMV infection/ disease developed after transplantation or not.
T207 504099-504164 Sentence denotes In the prophylaxis group VGC (n = 29) was administered 450mg/day.
T208 504165-504267 Sentence denotes For the other group (n = 26) VGC was not administered only short time IV gansiklovir was administered.
T209 504268-504390 Sentence denotes If the patient received antithymocyte globulin (ATG) treatment, IV ganciclovir was administered only during the treatment.
T210 504391-504465 Sentence denotes The patients were followed using CMV antigenemia tests (1−3 times/ month).
T211 504466-504531 Sentence denotes All patients were followed for 6−30 months after transplantation.
T212 504532-504632 Sentence denotes The data were evaluated using chi-square test and t test for independent groups on SPSS 15 software.
T213 504633-504732 Sentence denotes The demographic characteristics of the RTr who did or did not receive VGC prophylaxis were similar.
T214 504733-504822 Sentence denotes Total ATG dose was significantly higher in the prophylaxis group than in the other group.
T215 504823-504984 Sentence denotes It was determined that, although not significant, the rate of CMV infection development was lower in the patients to whom prophylaxis was administered ( Results:
T216 504985-505077 Sentence denotes 2 cases of HMPV pneumonia were identified in an Australian haematology unit in spring, 2010.
T217 505078-505175 Sentence denotes The cases were in separate but adjacent rooms raising the possibility of nosocomial transmission.
T218 505176-505373 Sentence denotes Lymphopenia was present in both as a complication of chemotherapy for anaplastic large cell lymphoma (case one) and after autologous peripheral stem cell transplant for multiple myeloma (case two).
T219 505374-505442 Sentence denotes MRSA and HMPV were identified in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.
T220 505443-505603 Sentence denotes Respiratory intubation, ventilation and intensive care management was required for progressive respiratory failure whilst on maximal therapy for MRSA infection.
T221 505604-505692 Sentence denotes Bilateral ground glass infiltrates progressed to nodular, confluent parenchymal changes.
T222 505693-505775 Sentence denotes Salvage treatment with ribavirin was started more than a week after symptom onset.
T223 505776-505890 Sentence denotes Ribavirin 25mg/kg/day (intravenous) was followed by 15mg/kg/day (intravenous) for a total of 7 days in both cases.
T224 505891-506000 Sentence denotes One patient cleared virus from respiratory tract, but progress was complicated by a cerebrovascular accident.
T225 506001-506079 Sentence denotes The second patient developed extensive air space consolidation and cavitation.
T226 506080-506147 Sentence denotes HMPV was detected by PCR at 6 weeks after treatment with ribavirin.
T227 506148-506234 Sentence denotes Conclusion: HMPV infection is associated with significant morbidity and poor outcomes.
T228 506235-506355 Sentence denotes Lymphopenia is a risk factor for infection with HMPV in adult patients receiving treatment for hematological malignancy.
T229 506356-506386 Sentence denotes Co-infection with MRSA occurs.
T230 506387-506474 Sentence denotes Neutrophil recovery and hypogammaglobulinaemia may contribute to severity of infection.
T231 506475-506504 Sentence denotes Ribavirin was well tolerated.
T232 506505-506682 Sentence denotes Late treatment with intravenous ribavirin for seven days did not eradicate viral shedding in one patient, and may have contributed to clinical and virological cure in the other.
T233 506683-506980 Sentence denotes HMPV may be detected in respiratory secretions for greater than 6 weeks in adult patients with haemopoeitic malignancy, with implications for infection control measures. was an independent risk factor for PBSI, while prior blood transfusion was revealed as protective factor (OR 3, 9; 95% CI, 5) .
T234 506981-507112 Sentence denotes Empirical inappropriate antimicrobial treatment has been given to 20 patients (59%) with PBSIs, and 7 (21%) with MBSIs (p = 0.003).
T235 507113-507213 Sentence denotes The infectionrelated mortality was 29% in patients with PBSI and 12% in those with MBSI (p = 0.072).
T236 507214-507295 Sentence denotes No differences in duration of hospitalization or overall mortality were observed.
T237 507296-507388 Sentence denotes Conclusion: PBSIs represent a significant percentage of BSIs among patients with malignancy.
T238 507389-507613 Sentence denotes Although inappropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment has been given in higher percentage of patients with PBSI than those with MBSIs, no differences in duration of hospitalization or overall mortality have been observed.
T239 507614-507809 Sentence denotes Recognition of the risk factors for PBSIs and knowledge of their microbiology are important for the selection of appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment that may result in improved outcome.
T240 507810-507818 Sentence denotes Results:
T241 507819-507872 Sentence denotes Sixty-one UTI episodes were diagnosed in 51 patients.
T242 507873-507919 Sentence denotes Sixtynine percent of the patients were female.
T243 507920-507959 Sentence denotes The range of the ages were 18−60 years.
T244 507960-508011 Sentence denotes More than one UTI episodes were seen in 8 patients.
T245 508012-508088 Sentence denotes The three leading uropathogens were E. coli, Klebsiella spp and enterococci.
T246 508089-508230 Sentence denotes E. coli was detected in 41 (67%) episodes, Klebsiella spp. was detected in 11 (18%) episodes and enterococci was detected in 5 (8%) episodes.
T247 508231-508291 Sentence denotes Twenty-one of the E. coli isolates (51%) were ESBL positive.
T248 508292-508403 Sentence denotes The antimicrobial resistance rates of ESBL negative and ESBL positive E. coli isolates were shown in the Table.
T249 508404-508576 Sentence denotes The risk factors determined are hospitalization at the time of diagnosis or hospitalization within 1 month, recent (within 1 month) antibiotic use, urinary catheterization.
T250 508577-508588 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T251 508589-508841 Sentence denotes Risk factors for urinary tract infections caused by ESBL producing bacteria among renal transplant recipients are similar with the other patient groups but nearly half of the uropathogen E. coli strains are ESBL positive in renal transplant recipients.
T252 508842-508942 Sentence denotes This high percentage of resistant pathogens causes difficulties in the management of these patients.
T253 508943-509061 Sentence denotes Multidrug resistant bacteria are increasingly isolated from transplant recipients and cause high morbidity, mortality.
T254 509062-509214 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to determine the disribution and etiologic agents of bacterial infections seen in the early period after liver transplantation.
T255 509215-509392 Sentence denotes A retrospective study was conducted on 90 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation consecutively from January 2008 to October 2010 at Baskent University Hospital.
T256 509393-509527 Sentence denotes Microbiologically documented bacterial infections seen during the first month after liver transplantation were included in this study.
T257 509528-509608 Sentence denotes A total of ninety liver transplantations were performed during the study period.
T258 509609-509728 Sentence denotes Twenty eight bacterial infection episodes were diagnosed in 20 patients within 30 days after transplantation operation.
T259 509729-510020 Sentence denotes Twelve (13%) of the infections were intraabdominal (9 Gram negative and 3 Gram positive), 8 (9%) were catheter-related (4 Gram negative, 4 Gram positive), 6 (6%) urinary tract infection (5 Gram negative, 1 Gram positive), 2 ventilator associated pneumonia (1 Gram negative, 1 Gram positive).
T260 510021-510140 Sentence denotes A total of 19 episodes were caused by Gram negative bacteria and the remaining 9 were caused by Gram positive bacteria.
T261 510141-510243 Sentence denotes Strains susceptible only to colistin and tigecycline were defined as extensively drug resistant (XDR).
T262 510244-510469 Sentence denotes Seven of the isolated Gram negative strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae (2 ESBL positive, 2 XDR strains), 6 were Escherichia coli (4 ESBL positive strains), 4 Acinetobacter baumannii (3 XDR strains) , 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
T263 510470-510731 Sentence denotes The distribution of the Gram positive pathogens were 4 Enterococcus faecium (2 were vancomycin resistant), 3 methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci, 1 methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and 1 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
T264 510732-510838 Sentence denotes A total of 20 bacteremia episodes were detected of which 12 (60%) were secondary and 8 (40%) were primary.
T265 510839-510994 Sentence denotes The incidence of colonization and infection with multi-drug resistant bacteria particularly Gram negative strains has been increasing throughout the world.
T266 510995-511232 Sentence denotes Data regarding the transplantation patients are limited but common usage of extended spectrum antibiotics among these patients both during the preoperative and postoperative phases undoubtedly predispose to difficult-to treat infections.
T267 511233-511430 Sentence denotes The infection rates seen in the early postoperative period obtained in this study are comparable with the previous ones but the high percentages of multidrug resistant strain is the alarming issue.
T268 511431-511494 Sentence denotes Community-acquired infections including CAP, sepsis, STD, . . .
T269 511495-511687 Sentence denotes C. trachomatis was significantly most frequent isolated in: >1 sexual partner (17.4% vs 5.8%), discharge (18.5% vs 9.3%), dysuria (18.9% vs 9.1%) and leukocytes in GRAM stain (21.6% vs 10.1%).
T270 511688-511833 Sentence denotes U. urealyticum had significant difference for age (28.6± 7 vs 33.6±10) and we did not find significant difference for the rest of issues studied.
T271 511834-511914 Sentence denotes We did not find significant differences for the rest of isolated microorganisms.
T272 511915-511927 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T273 511928-512039 Sentence denotes Urethritis was most frequent in young men, with >1 sexual partner, with discharge and leukocytes in GRAM stain.
T274 512040-512183 Sentence denotes N. gonorrhoeae was most frequently isolated in HSH, with >1 sexual partner, with pain and discharge like symptoms and leukocytes in GRAM stain.
T275 512184-512333 Sentence denotes C. trachomatis was isolated in men with >1 sexual partner, dysuria and leukocytes in GRAM stain and U. urealyticum was most frequent in youngest men.
T276 512334-512465 Sentence denotes Microbial etiology of peritoneal dialysis (PD) related peritonitis seems to vary widely in children and data for adults are scarce.
T277 512466-512722 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to determine the microbial etiology, correlation between leucocyte (wbc) count and culture results as well as the concordance between culture and the Gram stain of PD related cases of peritonitis in both children and adults.
T278 512723-512910 Sentence denotes We reviewed the records of all patients whose peritoneal dialysate (n = 1285) was sent to the lab for microbiology of the Antwerp University Hospital between January 2005 and August 2009.
T279 512911-513004 Sentence denotes Microbial etiology, wbc count, Gram stain and antibiotic treatment were analyzed per episode.
T280 513005-513046 Sentence denotes 142 adults and 22 children were included.
T281 513047-513134 Sentence denotes From each episode, microbial etiology was based on culture results of the first sample.
T282 513135-513206 Sentence denotes Gram stain was performed when the leucocyte count exceeded 200 per mm3.
T283 513207-513399 Sentence denotes Logistical and linear regression were used in addition to a mixed effects model with repeated patient effect to determine the degree of correlation between the wbc count and positive cultures.
T284 513400-513499 Sentence denotes In 158/39 episodes of adult/pediatric peritonitis, 70.7/70.0% of samples were culture positive (+):
T285 513500-513620 Sentence denotes 72.1/52.4% of isolates were Gram positives (G+), 21.2/38.1% Gram negatives (G−), 1.9/0.0% anaerobes and 4.8/9.5% yeasts.
T286 513621-513657 Sentence denotes In 29.3/30.0% no etiology was found:
T287 513658-513728 Sentence denotes 32.6/22.0% of the culture − were taken during antimicrobial treatment.
T288 513729-513817 Sentence denotes Gram stain showed predominant morphotypes concordant with culture results in 30.5/16.7%.
T289 513818-514060 Sentence denotes In adults, the G+ were mainly coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) (70.7%), S. aureus (8.0%) and viridans streptococci (8%); in children, predominant pathogens were E. faecalis (27.3%), CNS (27.3%), Coryneforms (18.2%) and S. aureus (9.1%).
T290 514061-514223 Sentence denotes The most prevalent G− pathogens in adults were E. coli (22.7%), E. cloacae (18.2%), K. pneumoniae (18.2%), P. aeruginosa (13.6%) and other non-fermenters (13.6%).
T291 514224-514336 Sentence denotes In children, the most frequent G− were E. cloacae (25.0%), P. aeruginosa (12.5%) and other non-fermenters (25%).
T292 514337-514445 Sentence denotes A significant difference in wbc count was found between culture+ and culture− samples in adults (p = 0.001).
T293 514446-514517 Sentence denotes In conclusion, a microbial etiology was found in the majority of cases.
T294 514518-514664 Sentence denotes Gram positive related cases of peritonitis are more frequent in adults, Gram negatives in children and the distribution of pathogens also differs.
T295 514665-514724 Sentence denotes The concordance between Gram stain and culture appears low.
T296 514725-514845 Sentence denotes Finally, there are significantly less leucocytes in culture negative dialysates compared to culture positive dialysates.
T297 514846-514975 Sentence denotes R2703 International PMEN clones equal or exceed the fitness of other strains despite the accumulation of antibiotic resistance D.
T298 514976-514986 Sentence denotes Rudolf, N.
T299 514987-515019 Sentence denotes Michaylov, M. van der Linden, L.
T300 515020-515029 Sentence denotes Hoy, K.P.
T301 515030-515041 Sentence denotes Klugman, T.
T302 515042-515052 Sentence denotes Welte, M.W
T303 515054-515065 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T304 515066-515237 Sentence denotes A small number of global pneumococcal clones defined by the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network (PMEN) dominate the population of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci.
T305 515238-515405 Sentence denotes It remains unclear why PMEN clones spread so successfully despite the scientific paradigm that a loss in biological fitness is the price for acquisition of resistance.
T306 515406-515749 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to detect PMEN clone related clinical isolates from adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) collected by the German CAPNETZ surveillance study during [2002] [2003] [2004] [2005] [2006] and to compare them to unrelated clones in terms of antibioticresistance, biological fitness and clinical parameters.
T307 515750-515758 Sentence denotes Methods:
T308 515759-515886 Sentence denotes Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) data were used to define relatedness between PMEN clones and clinical pneumococcal isolates.
T309 515887-515952 Sentence denotes Relatedness was defined by the sharing of alleles at 5 of 7 loci.
T310 515953-516012 Sentence denotes Fitness was determined by the measurement of growth curves.
T311 516013-516154 Sentence denotes The bacterial growth was measured by a microplate reader at optical density of 600 nm at intervals of five minutes over a period of 16 hours.
T312 516155-516270 Sentence denotes To compare bacterial growth we analysed the maximum slope of each curve and the experiment was repeated nine times.
T313 516271-516451 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis were performed by the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorial variables and the t-test or analysis of variances (ANOVA) for continuous variables.
T314 516452-516460 Sentence denotes Results:
T315 516461-516575 Sentence denotes We analysed 154 pneumococcal isolates and 46 (30%) isolates showed a close relationship to the global PMEN clones.
T316 516576-516764 Sentence denotes These isolates were equal or exceeded the fitness of isolates without relationship to PMEN clones (1.48±0.73 vs. 1.18±0.54; P = 0.015) and constituted 80% of antibiotic-resistant isolates.
T317 516765-516862 Sentence denotes The survey of clinical parameters showed no prominent significant difference between both groups.
T318 516863-516874 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T319 516875-517059 Sentence denotes The success of international PMEN clones is based on the combination of resistance and fitness and may result in the endurance of these strains despite a reduction of antibiotic usage.
T320 517060-517263 Sentence denotes New vaccines can interrupt the transmission of resistant strains, but continued attention to the replacement of nonvaccine serotypes and development of vaccines with a broader coverage will be necessary.
T321 517264-517274 Sentence denotes Objective:
T322 517275-517453 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis, genital mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in semen samples of fertile and infertile men in Kuwait.
T323 517454-517637 Sentence denotes A total of non-duplicated 315 semen samples collected from 127 infertile and 188 control men seen at the infertility clinics in Maternity hospital were studied after informed consent.
T324 517638-517724 Sentence denotes Semen analysis was performed according to the guidelines of World Health Organization.
T325 517725-517905 Sentence denotes The specimens were examined for the presence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis by PCR using published specific primers.
T326 517906-517986 Sentence denotes Biodata, such as age, nationalities, and marital status were carefully recorded.
T327 517987-517995 Sentence denotes Results:
T328 517996-518180 Sentence denotes The frequency of genital U. urealyticum, M. hominis, M. genitalium and C. trachomatis in all semen samples was respectively 26% (82/315), 27% (86/315), 5.4% (17/315) and 8.3% (26/315).
T329 518181-518228 Sentence denotes Mixed infections were detected in 14% (44/315).
T330 518229-518544 Sentence denotes The infertile participants positive for U. urealyticum and M. hominis, respectively had semen samples that showed statistically significant difference in the mean of sperm concentration, vitality percentage, total progressive and rapid progressive motility in comparison to control fertile participants (P < 0.001).
T331 518545-518693 Sentence denotes Similar statistical significance difference was noted for those infertile and fertile men positive for M. genitalium and C. trachomatis (P < 0.001).
T332 518694-518851 Sentence denotes Infections in infertile men who had been married for less than 5 years were significantly higher than in infected fertile men of the same length of marriage.
T333 518852-519055 Sentence denotes Infections caused by these urogenital pathogens were more common among infertile men than fertile men and may possibly play a role, in part, in the etiology of male infertility in this part of the world.
T334 519056-519141 Sentence denotes Genital mycoplasmas and chlamydial infections may negatively influence semen quality.
T335 519142-519152 Sentence denotes Objective:
T336 519153-519250 Sentence denotes Pleural empyema is a serious infection characterized by accumulation of pus in the pleural space.
T337 519251-519341 Sentence denotes In the US, 65,000 patients suffer from empyema each year, with 30-day mortality up to 15%.
T338 519342-519479 Sentence denotes Many studies addressing risk factors and outcome of empyema rely on hospital discharge diagnosis codes recorded in health care databases.
T339 519480-519584 Sentence denotes We validated the ICD-10 diagnosis of pleural empyema in the Danish National Registry of Patients (DNRP).
T340 519585-519737 Sentence denotes We randomly selected hospitalized inpatients in the North Denmark Region with a first-time discharge diagnosis of pleural empyema between 1995 and 2009.
T341 519738-519855 Sentence denotes We retrieved and reviewed medical records and estimated the positive predictive value (PPV) of the empyema diagnosis.
T342 519856-520057 Sentence denotes Definite empyema was defined by frank pus aspirated from the pleural space, a positive Gram stain/subculture for pathogenic micro-organisms in the pleural fluid, and/or an autopsy diagnosis of empyema.
T343 520058-520330 Sentence denotes Patients with clinical symptoms suggestive of empyema in association with compatible radiographic features (e.g. pleural thickening, loculated and/or septated pleural effusions) who did not meet the criteria for definite empyema were classified as having probable empyema.
T344 520331-520339 Sentence denotes Results:
T345 520340-520427 Sentence denotes We could retrieve the medical records of 224/225 sampled patients with empyema (99.6%).
T346 520428-520496 Sentence denotes Of those, we classified 182 (81.3%) as being definite empyema cases.
T347 520497-520559 Sentence denotes Another 21 patients were classified as probable empyema cases.
T348 520560-520730 Sentence denotes In 21 patients whose empyema diagnosis was rejected, eight had pneumonia, one had a pulmonary abscess, one pulmonary tuberculosis, one had sarcoidosis, two had emphysema.
T349 520731-520801 Sentence denotes The overall PPV of the empyema diagnosis was 90.1% (95% CI 86.0-94.1).
T350 520802-520874 Sentence denotes The PPV was 81.3% (95% CI 81.3-86.1) when including definite cases only.
T351 520875-521132 Sentence denotes PPVs of empyema diagnosed in 1995-1999, 2000-2004, and 2005-2009 were 90.7% (95% CI 81.7-96.2), 94.6% (95% CI 86.7-98.5), and 86.7% (95% CI 76.8-93.4), respectively, indicating that no major changes in coding validity occurred over the 15-year study period.
T352 521133-521344 Sentence denotes The PPV decreased slightly from 95.7% in patients aged 15−39 years to 87.5% in patients aged 80 years and over but was uniformly high regardless of study period, hospital or department type, or cause of empyema.
T353 521345-521452 Sentence denotes The high overall PPV indicated good agreement between ICD-10 codes for pleural empyema and medical records.
T354 521453-521565 Sentence denotes Registry-based discharge codes may be a suitable source of data on pleural empyema for epidemiological research.
T355 521566-521579 Sentence denotes Introduction:
T356 521580-521679 Sentence denotes Nocardia is a rare pathogen causing predominantly pulmonary and/or skin and soft tissue infections.
T357 521680-521892 Sentence denotes Since immunosuppression is one main predisposing factor, nociardial infections may increase because of the rising number of patients on immunosuppressive therapy (e.g. solid organ or bone marrow transplantation).
T358 521893-522026 Sentence denotes Data on futher risk factors, clinical course and treatment of nocardial infections are limited to case reports and small case series.
T359 522027-522126 Sentence denotes We aim to establish a register for nocardia infections in Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands.
T360 522127-522135 Sentence denotes Methods:
T361 522136-522425 Sentence denotes Retrospective analysis of all microbiologically proven pulmonary Nocardia spp. infections in 4 hospitals in Germany and the Netherlands between 1999 and 2009, defined as detection of Nocardia spp. in respiratory samples + radiolagical changes and signs and symptoms of pulmonary infection.
T362 522426-522434 Sentence denotes Results:
T363 522435-522543 Sentence denotes Twenty-one cases of pulmonary nocardiosis could be identified (18 male, 3 female; mean age 54.7±18.1 years).
T364 522544-522668 Sentence denotes In addition to pulmonary involvement, disseminated disease was detected in 3 patients (all with cerebral abscess formation).
T365 522669-522806 Sentence denotes Eleven of 21 patients had pulmonary comorbidities (n = 4 COPD; n = 3 bronchiektasis, n = 2 cystic fibrosis, n = 1 asthma, n = 1 post-TB).
T366 522807-522965 Sentence denotes Twelve of 18 patients had identifiable causes of immunosuppression (hematological dieseases, malignancies, drug induced immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus).
T367 522966-523012 Sentence denotes All patients tested (16/21) were HIV negative.
T368 523013-523088 Sentence denotes Time from sampling to availability of microbiological results was 9.1 days.
T369 523089-523474 Sentence denotes All cases were proven by culture and in 15 patients additional PCR-sequencing was performed (N. farcinica n = 4; N. abscessus n = 3; N. asteroides n = 3; N. nova, N. carnea, N. cyriacigeorgica, N. otitidiscaviarum and N. paucivorans each n = 1) The pathogen was isolated from BAL (n = 9), sputum (n = 7), biopsy (n = 3), tracheobronchial aspirate (n = 1), and abscess aspirate (n = 1).
T370 523475-523572 Sentence denotes Most patients received cotrimoxazol treatment (15/21), mean duration of treatment was 12.2 weeks.
T371 523573-523590 Sentence denotes One patient died.
T372 523591-523602 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T373 523603-523648 Sentence denotes Pulmonary nocardiosis remains a rare disease.
T374 523649-523830 Sentence denotes Although immunosuppression (e.g. drug induced immunosuppression or malignancies) is its major risk factor, it can also occur in patients without obviously impaired immunocompetence.
T375 523831-523914 Sentence denotes These patients most frequently suffer from chronic pulmonary diseases such as COPD.
T376 523915-524060 Sentence denotes The delayed in vitro growth of Nocardia spp. may lead to misdiagnosis or underestimation of nocardiosis in patients without typical risk factors.
T377 524061-524138 Sentence denotes R2708 A prospective study on predictors for early death from bacteraemia D.C.
T378 524139-524147 Sentence denotes Lye*, S.
T379 524148-524156 Sentence denotes Pada, T.
T380 524157-524163 Sentence denotes Ng, R.
T381 524164-524174 Sentence denotes Llorin, D.
T382 524175-524182 Sentence denotes Kee, T.
T383 524183-524190 Sentence denotes Lee, P.
T384 524191-524203 Sentence denotes Krishnan, T.
T385 524204-524215 Sentence denotes Barkham, B.
T386 524216-524246 Sentence denotes Ang (Singapore, SG) Objective:
T387 524247-524364 Sentence denotes Inactive empiric antibiotic occurred in 33% of patients with bacteraemia, with mortality of 27% at discharge in 2006.
T388 524365-524481 Sentence denotes A blood culture service started in April 2007 to ensure active antibiotic within 2 days of blood culture collection.
T389 524482-524586 Sentence denotes A prospective bacteraemia study from February to June 2009 noted mortality at discharge decreased to 9%.
T390 524587-524651 Sentence denotes Death occurred in 2% before positive blood culture was notified.
T391 524652-524718 Sentence denotes We aim to study patients with early death for clinical predictors.
T392 524719-524727 Sentence denotes Methods:
T393 524728-524875 Sentence denotes Patients who died before (early death) and after (late death) positive blood culture was notified were compared, so was early death with survivors.
T394 524876-524970 Sentence denotes Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed for independent predictors of early death.
T395 524971-524979 Sentence denotes Results:
T396 524980-525068 Sentence denotes Of 452 patients with 467 cases of bacteraemia, 42 patients died, and 9 were early death.
T397 525069-525136 Sentence denotes Male comprised 60%, median age was 78 years and Charlson's score 5.
T398 525137-525347 Sentence denotes Staphylococcus aureus occurred in 10 (7 was methicillin-resistant [MRSA]), Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae 5 each (6 carried extended-spectrum b-lactamase), Proteus mirabilis 3 and Candida species 2.
T399 525348-525497 Sentence denotes On univariate analysis of early death vs. late death, age 75 years (odds ratio [OR] 9.14, confidence interval , and ventilatory support (OR 30.29, ).
T400 525498-525761 Sentence denotes On multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of early death vs. survivors were: pneumonia (AOR 18.61, CI 2.68-129.53), inactive empiric antibiotic (AOR 24.40, CI 1.57-378−23), hypotension (AOR 17.01, , and ventilatory support (AOR 59.59, CI 1.27-2786.41).
T401 525762-525943 Sentence denotes Our study showed that hypotensive patients needing ventilatory support for pneumonia with inactive empiric antibiotic were more likely to die before blood culture could be notified.
T402 525944-526011 Sentence denotes It is crucial to ensure adequate empiric antibiotic in this cohort.
T403 526012-526153 Sentence denotes Cobas ® Amplicor™ CT/GC test and SiemensVersant ® CT/GC DNA 1.0 assay (kPCR) for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoeae
T404 526154-526165 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T405 526166-526335 Sentence denotes Abbott RealTime m2000 (AR) method was compared to Roche Cobas Amplicor (RCA) for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gc) in urine samples.
T406 526336-526418 Sentence denotes Siemens Versant (SV) was the third test for the minor series of the urine samples.
T407 526419-526476 Sentence denotes AR and SV are automated systems with short hands-on-time.
T408 526477-526528 Sentence denotes Tecan miniprep was used for DNA extraction for RCA.
T409 526529-526537 Sentence denotes Methods:
T410 526538-526615 Sentence denotes Ct was tested in 297 urine samples and Gc in 200 urine samples in RCA and AR.
T411 526616-526725 Sentence denotes The samples were taken in the years 2008−10, tested with RCA within 1−2 days after the collection and frozen.
T412 526726-526786 Sentence denotes The minor selection included 75 frozen urine samples for AR.
T413 526787-526870 Sentence denotes Also these were tested within 1−2 days after the collection with RCA-and SVmethods.
T414 526871-527019 Sentence denotes Results: AR detected 170 Ct-positive while RCA 176 among 297 samples with the correlation of 0,966 for Ct-positive and of 1,05 for negative results.
T415 527020-527089 Sentence denotes In Gc-testing, RCA found 13 (confirmed) positive samples while AR 12.
T416 527090-527216 Sentence denotes AR detected as Ct-positive 45 out of 75 samples while RCA 47 with the correlation of 0,957 and SV 49 with 1,042, respectively.
T417 527217-527293 Sentence denotes All the tests gave the same 20 samples as Ct-negative and 40 as Ct-positive.
T418 527294-527447 Sentence denotes RCA and SV detected the same samples negative and SV 2 positive more than RCA, while RCA compared to AR, AR had 5 negatives and 1 positive more than RCA.
T419 527448-527528 Sentence denotes SV and AR tested the same samples Ct-negative but SV 4 Ct-positive samples more.
T420 527529-527600 Sentence denotes And, RCA detected the other 3 Ct-negative samples more than AR-and RCA.
T421 527601-527658 Sentence denotes All 3 methods detected the same 4 Gc-samples as positive.
T422 527659-527750 Sentence denotes Conclusion: RCA used the DNA extractor more sensitive for contamination than the other two.
T423 527751-527821 Sentence denotes The manual pipetting may have been the risk for false-positivity, too.
T424 527822-527952 Sentence denotes There is also possibility of false-negative samples, because of inability to detect the new variant of Ct (nvCt) unlike AR and SV.
T425 527953-528010 Sentence denotes Sample storing as frozen may have some effect on results.
T426 528011-528048 Sentence denotes AR needed sample volume less than SV.
T427 528049-528109 Sentence denotes AR offers separated units for DNA extraction and PCR itself.
T428 528110-528217 Sentence denotes Gc-positive samples detected by AR (target the opaA gene) need no confirmation because of high specificity.
T429 528218-528289 Sentence denotes These make AR a suitable system for clinical microbiology laboratories.
T430 528290-528332 Sentence denotes The prevalence of nvCt needs to be tested.
T431 528333-528335 Sentence denotes S.
T432 528336-528344 Sentence denotes Cho*, J.
T433 528345-528354 Sentence denotes Chung, S.
T434 528355-528363 Sentence denotes Choi, Y.
T435 528364-528402 Sentence denotes Kwak (Seoul, Gyeonggi, KR) Objectives:
T436 528403-528680 Sentence denotes Actinomycosis is a chronic infection caused by anaerobic or microaerophilic, Gram-positive bacteria, Actinomyces spp. classically it involves cervicofacial (55%), abdominopelvic (20%), thoracic (15%), and mixed organs (10%), including skin, brain, pericardium, and extremities.
T437 528681-528743 Sentence denotes But recent studies reveal change about types of actinomycosis.
T438 528744-528838 Sentence denotes This retrospective study describes the clinical manifestations of patients with actinomycosis.
T439 528839-528917 Sentence denotes this study, the duration of IV antibiotic treatment ranged from 10 to 30 days.
T440 528918-528985 Sentence denotes 2 patients received oral antibiotic therapy without IV antibiotics.
T441 528986-529055 Sentence denotes The duration of oral antibiotic treatment ranged from 67 to 150 days.
T442 529056-529121 Sentence denotes One patient received surgical treatment only without antibiotics.
T443 529122-529133 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T444 529134-529320 Sentence denotes Over the last three decades, the incidence of actinomycosis has declined markedly because of better oral hygiene and more extensive use of antibiotics and clinical pictures have changed.
T445 529321-529400 Sentence denotes The incidence of cervicofacial type is declined and thoracic type is increased.
T446 529401-529521 Sentence denotes The treatments of actinomycosis are also changed, short-course chemotherapy has recently been reported to be successful.
T447 529522-529524 Sentence denotes M.
T448 529525-529535 Sentence denotes Renko*, H.
T449 529536-529547 Sentence denotes Kukkola, H.
T450 529548-529557 Sentence denotes Kauma, T.
T451 529558-529571 Sentence denotes Tapiainen, M.
T452 529572-529600 Sentence denotes Uhari (Oulu, FI) Background:
T453 529601-529782 Sentence denotes Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of community acquired invasive bacterial infections both in children and adults and infects both previously healthy and diseased subjects.
T454 529783-529969 Sentence denotes Incidence of invasive pneumococcal diseases in different age groups is well known but the effect of age on the clinical outcome of invasive pneumococcal diseases has not been documented.
T455 529970-530114 Sentence denotes We wanted to analyze whether our clinical impression that children recover more quickly from invasive pneumococcal diseases than adults is true.
T456 530115-530123 Sentence denotes Methods:
T457 530124-530295 Sentence denotes We reviewed the medical records of all blood culture positive community acquired cases of pneumococcal diseases admitted to University Hospital of Oulu in years 2000-2007.
T458 530296-530439 Sentence denotes Data on clinical symptoms, laboratory values, imaging studies, medications and outcome were collected and compared between children and adults.
T459 530440-530618 Sentence denotes During the study period vaccination against pneumococcal diseases was recommended only to specific risk groups (patients with immune deficiencies and people older than 65 years).
T460 530619-530627 Sentence denotes Results:
T461 530628-530685 Sentence denotes There were 56 paediatric (<18 years) and 229 adult cases.
T462 530686-530784 Sentence denotes One hundred and seven of the patients (26% of adults and 84% of children) were previously healthy.
T463 530785-530922 Sentence denotes None of the children died while there was a 15% (35/229) mortality among the adults (difference 15%, 95% confidence interval, CI, 8−21%).
T464 530923-531058 Sentence denotes The median length of stay at the hospital (LOS) was 2 days in children and 9 days in adults (difference of the medians 6 days, CI 5−7).
T465 531059-531195 Sentence denotes When taking account only the patients with underlying conditions the median LOS was 2 days in children and 8 days in adults (P < 0.001).
T466 531196-531314 Sentence denotes The course and outcome of invasive pneumococcal infections are far more severe in adult patients compared to children.
T467 531315-531456 Sentence denotes This may explain the differences in the attitudes towards pneumococcal vaccination among physicians taking care of either children or adults.
T468 531457-531459 Sentence denotes N.
T469 531460-531473 Sentence denotes Borovkova, J.
T470 531474-531488 Sentence denotes Stsepetova, H.
T471 531489-531500 Sentence denotes Oopkaup, P.
T472 531501-531514 Sentence denotes Korrovits, M.
T473 531515-531524 Sentence denotes Punab, R.
T474 531525-531694 Sentence denotes Mändar* (Tartu, EE) Under physiological conditions, the vaginal microflora (VMF) contains high numbers of lactic acid bacteria which provide the colonization resistance.
T475 531695-531794 Sentence denotes At the same time VMF is an open ecosystem that can be significantly affected by sexual intercourse.
T476 531795-531886 Sentence denotes Our aim was to clarify the influence of sexual intercourse on partner's vaginal lactoflora.
T477 531887-531895 Sentence denotes Methods:
T478 531896-531959 Sentence denotes Study group included 17 women with mean age 29.9 (21−39) years.
T479 531960-532083 Sentence denotes Two self-collected vaginal samples were taken in the follicular phase, before intercourse and 8−12 hours after intercourse.
T480 532084-532118 Sentence denotes VMF was assessed by Nugent method.
T481 532119-532211 Sentence denotes Lactobacilli were cultured on MRS agar, typed by AP-PCR method and identified by sequencing.
T482 532212-532220 Sentence denotes Results:
T483 532221-532325 Sentence denotes According to the Nugent scores, normal vaginal flora (score 0−3) was found in 9 women in both specimens.
T484 532326-532417 Sentence denotes Intermediate score (4−6) was found in 3 women and bacterial vaginosis (score 7) in 1 woman.
T485 532418-532532 Sentence denotes In 4 women normal microflora was found in the first sample but intermediate microflora in post-intercourse sample.
T486 532533-532658 Sentence denotes In addition, the score increased in two more women, and in total, the mean score was higher after intercourse (1.94 vs 2.71).
T487 532659-532718 Sentence denotes Culturable lactobacilli were found from 15 out of 17 women.
T488 532719-532848 Sentence denotes The mean proportion of lactobacilli in total microflora was somewhat lower in afterintercourse sample (49.7±33.8% vs 34.6±26.2%).
T489 532849-532971 Sentence denotes All isolated strains were identified as Lactobacillus jensenii (in 67% of women), L. crispatus (58%) and L. gasseri (25%).
T490 532972-533027 Sentence denotes In one third of women more than 1 species was isolated.
T491 533028-533204 Sentence denotes AP-PCR allowed us to confirm the persistence of the same strains in all cases though in a quarter of women strains of the same species but different fingerprints were revealed.
T492 533205-533217 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T493 533218-533311 Sentence denotes Lactobacillus species composition in Estonian women coincides with that of described earlier.
T494 533312-533451 Sentence denotes Sexual intercourse causes shifts in vaginal lactoflora as revealed by increased Nugent score and decreased lactobacillus proportion in VMF.
T495 533452-533454 Sentence denotes J.
T496 533455-533467 Sentence denotes Blocher*, I.
T497 533468-533478 Sentence denotes Eckert, J.
T498 533479-533489 Sentence denotes Elster, J.
T499 533490-533500 Sentence denotes Wiefek, H.
T500 533501-533512 Sentence denotes Eiffert, H.
T501 533513-533548 Sentence denotes Schmidt (Göttingen, DE) Objectives:
T502 533549-533634 Sentence denotes Aquaporins (AQP) are proteins that facilitate water transport through cell membranes.
T503 533635-533836 Sentence denotes Due to the main localization of AQP1 in the plexus choroideus and of AQP4 in the perivascular endfeet of astrocytes in the brain, these channels are supposed to play a pivotal role in oedema formation.
T504 533837-533943 Sentence denotes Cerebral oedema formation is one of the main contributors of neuronal damage in bacterial meningitis (BM).
T505 533944-534198 Sentence denotes Our study aimed to determine whether AQP1 and AQP4 are present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and if BM induced an increase of these proteins in the CSF, and whether these concentrations correlated with routine CSF parameters of inflammation. ; p = 0.092).
T506 534199-534525 Sentence denotes AQP1 and AQP4 concentrations in the CSF of BM patients were inversely inter-correlated (R = −0.47, p = 0.004) but we could not find any other correlation between the concentrations of AQP1 or AQP4 with routine CSF parameters (leukocytes, lactate, protein, Qalbumin), age, a prediction-score, outcome-score or GCS at admission.
T507 534526-534537 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T508 534538-534617 Sentence denotes Bacterial meningitis causes an increased release of AQP1 and AQP4 into the CSF.
T509 534618-534780 Sentence denotes Whether the significant elevation of AQP1 is due to a higher expression on intact choroidal cells or due to the destruction of glial cells needs to be determined.
T1 534781-534783 Sentence denotes M.
T2 534784-534793 Sentence denotes Coen*, S.
T3 534794-534807 Sentence denotes Passerini, R.
T4 534808-534817 Sentence denotes Terzi, P.
T5 534818-534828 Sentence denotes Zucchi, G.
T6 534829-534863 Sentence denotes Rizzardini (Milan, IT) Objectives:
T7 534864-534891 Sentence denotes The aims of our study were:
T8 534892-535068 Sentence denotes 1) to evaluate the outcome of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) due to different microorganisms and treated with different options 2) to analyze the economical impact of PJIs.
T9 535069-535077 Sentence denotes Methods:
T10 535078-535143 Sentence denotes We consider retrospectively patients with PJIs from 2004 to 2009.
T11 535144-535258 Sentence denotes The isolation of microorganisms was obtained from blood culture and/or deep samples and/or intraoperatory samples.
T12 535259-535404 Sentence denotes We defined as cured patients without signs of local infection and negative inflammatory index >6 months after antimicrobial therapy interruption.
T13 535405-535515 Sentence denotes In order to quantify the costs of the treatment we consider the average weekly costs of antimicrobial therapy.
T14 535516-535524 Sentence denotes Results:
T15 535525-535563 Sentence denotes 50 PJIs were included in the analysis.
T16 535564-535645 Sentence denotes Only in 27 (54%) we obtained the isolation of the microrganism ( in 61% of cases.
T17 535646-535937 Sentence denotes Furthermore, we evaluated the importance of the choice of the therapeutical option: with prosthetic removal and consequent substitution we cured 89% vs 69% of patients who underwent debridement and retention and 64% of patients treated only with longterm suppressive antimicrobial treatment.
T18 535938-536064 Sentence denotes The mean weekly cost of PJIs in our analysis was 278€ but when the microrganism involved were MRSA/MRSE was increased to 404€.
T19 536065-536076 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T20 536077-536176 Sentence denotes In our analysis. there is a significant proportion of PJIs where the pathogen remains unidentified.
T21 536177-536290 Sentence denotes As previously described, the two stages substitution of the prosthesis resulted to be the most successful option.
T22 536291-536584 Sentence denotes Taken as a whole, our data suggest the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the management of prosthetic joint infections at all stages, allowing a timely identification of the microorganism whenever is possible and a medical and surgical approach that allows more favourable outcome.
T23 536585-536788 Sentence denotes MRSA/MRSE continue to be a serious challenge in patients with prosthetic infections, being associated to have a worse outcome and greater costs when compared to infections caused by other microorganisms.
T24 536789-536791 Sentence denotes H.
T25 536792-536794 Sentence denotes Y.
T26 536795-536805 Sentence denotes Kim*, N.S.
T27 536806-536813 Sentence denotes Lee, O.
T28 536814-536824 Sentence denotes Kwon, Y.K.
T29 536825-536832 Sentence denotes Kim, Y.
T30 536833-536839 Sentence denotes Uh, J.
T31 536840-536876 Sentence denotes Lee (Wonju, Chungju, KR) Objectives:
T32 536877-537044 Sentence denotes To evaluate the clinical significance of delta neutrophil index (DNI), which corresponds to the immature granulocytes in the peripheral blood, in patients with sepsis.
T33 537045-537053 Sentence denotes Methods:
T34 537054-537223 Sentence denotes We reviewed medical and laboratory records of the consecutive 116 hospitalized adult patients with sepsis from May 2007 to June 2010 in one tertiary university hospital.
T35 537224-537291 Sentence denotes DNI was measured by blood cell analyzer (ADVIA 120, Siemens, Inc.).
T36 537292-537300 Sentence denotes Results:
T37 537301-537466 Sentence denotes Of a total 116 patients with sepsis, mean age was 69.3±12.0 years and mean DNI value was 5.5±7.4% (range 0-34.6%) and mean APACHE II score was 17.8±6.9 (range 6−42).
T38 537467-537608 Sentence denotes DNI values of sepsis (n = 43), severe sepsis (n = 25) and septic shock (n = 48) were 4.2±4.3%, 6.5±8.9% and 6.0±8.6% respectively (p = 0.34).
T39 537609-537733 Sentence denotes DNI value of bacteremic patients (n = 45) was higher than non-bacteremic patients (n = 71) (7.9±8.6% vs 4.0±6.0%, p = 0.01).
T40 537734-537858 Sentence denotes DNI values were no significant difference in survivors (n = 98) and non-survivors (n = 18) (5.0±6.8% vs 7.9±9.8%, p = 0.24).
T41 537859-538006 Sentence denotes But, DNI values in bacteremic patients were significantly higher in non-survivor (n = 7) than survivor (n = 38) (14.2±12.1% vs 6.7±7.5%, p = 0.03).
T42 538007-538099 Sentence denotes The present findings indicate that DNI may be useful prognostic marker of bacteremic sepsis.
T43 538100-538102 Sentence denotes O.
T44 538103-538115 Sentence denotes Gorbich*, G.
T45 538116-538129 Sentence denotes Chistenko, Y.
T46 538130-538160 Sentence denotes Gorbich (Minsk, BY) Objective:
T47 538161-538260 Sentence denotes To evaluate epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalized Belarusian children.
T48 538261-538269 Sentence denotes Methods:
T49 538270-538484 Sentence denotes All consecutive immunocompetent children hospitalized in Main city children's infectious diseases hospital with radiographically confirmed CAP were evaluated retrospectively from January 2009 through December 2009.
T50 538485-538655 Sentence denotes We analyzed age, past history, clinical manifestations, length of hospital stay, the severity of the disease and the influence of repeated cases of CAP in the same child.
T51 538656-538664 Sentence denotes Results:
T52 538665-538708 Sentence denotes 743 patients were studied during 12 months.
T53 538709-538766 Sentence denotes Ages ranged from 1 month to 17 years old (55% were boys).
T54 538767-538847 Sentence denotes The majority of pneumonia cases (34%) were registered in two-years-old children.
T55 538848-538966 Sentence denotes The second place was occupied by one-year-old children (19%), and the third place − by three-years-old children (13%).
T56 538967-539037 Sentence denotes Children younger than 1 year of age had pneumonia only in 9% of cases.
T57 539038-539141 Sentence denotes The majority of patients were hospitalized during the first week of their illness (mostly on 2−4 days).
T58 539142-539225 Sentence denotes In only 32.23% of cases children were admitted with initial diagnosis of pneumonia.
T59 539226-539296 Sentence denotes Pneumonia had moderate severity level in 90% of hospitalized children.
T60 539297-539334 Sentence denotes While 10% of patients had severe CAP.
T61 539335-539407 Sentence denotes The mean length of hospitalization was 10.5±0.34 days (range 1−38 days).
T62 539408-539521 Sentence denotes 686 and 183 children had the history of the acute upper respiratory tract infection and bronchitis, respectively.
T63 539522-539593 Sentence denotes 68 patients experienced one or more CAP episodes in their past history.
T64 539594-539651 Sentence denotes Influenza was registered in the anamnesis of 53 patients.
T65 539652-539721 Sentence denotes 60% of studied patients attended pre-school and school organizations.
T66 539722-539968 Sentence denotes The analysis of the repeated cases of pneumonia among studied patients hasn't revealed the statistically significant interrelation between the severity of the disease and the presence of the pneumonia episode in the patient's history (odds ratio:
T67 539969-540018 Sentence denotes 1.3; 95% confidence interval 0.6−2.8, p = 0.695).
T68 540019-540060 Sentence denotes CAP cases were registered round the year.
T69 540061-540134 Sentence denotes The morbidity increased in September then slightly decreased in December.
T70 540135-540176 Sentence denotes Another increase was recorded in January.
T71 540177-540256 Sentence denotes The maximum levels were noted in November (101 cases) and in April (100 cases).
T72 540257-540268 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T73 540269-540340 Sentence denotes Children's CAP is the significant problem for Belarusian Health System.
T74 540341-540416 Sentence denotes The main group associated with CAP was children aged from 1 to 3 years old.
T75 540417-540618 Sentence denotes In the future, immunization with the use of licensed pneumococcal and influenza vaccines may reduce the frequency of pneumonia. year old man, father of the first patient, IgG= 140IU/ml, IgM= 1.08IU/ml.
T76 540619-540704 Sentence denotes They hosted stray cats at their garden and had close and long-term contact with them.
T77 540705-540798 Sentence denotes 40 year old woman, IgG= 300IU/ml, IgM= 6.60IU/ml, infection is attributed to eating raw meat.
T78 540799-540811 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T79 540812-540993 Sentence denotes 20.31% of women tested proved to be seropositive, a percentage which comes in total compliance with other studies conducted in Northern Greece (20% among women of reproductive age).
T80 540994-541124 Sentence denotes Comparing our results to previous studies we can clearly observe a decrease in seropositivity rates during the last decades (1984:
T81 541125-541137 Sentence denotes 35.6%, 1994:
T82 541138-541146 Sentence denotes 25.6%) .
T83 541147-541239 Sentence denotes 79.69% of women tested had no previous contact with T. gondii, and therfore are susceptible.
T84 541240-541353 Sentence denotes Possible sources of infection for susceptible individuals, taking into account people's habits in Drama Province:
T85 541354-541646 Sentence denotes Eating habits: low consumption of undercooked meat, high consumption of lamp, goat, sheep, smoked pork sausages, and salads consisting of raw and wild vegetables and fruits (well documented sources of T. gondii) Great number of stray cats unknown responses, was the primary efficacy endpoint.
T86 541647-541721 Sentence denotes Microbiologic response was defined as eradication or presumed eradication.
T87 541722-541897 Sentence denotes Secondary endpoints were global response at end of IV therapy (EOIVT) and 2 and 6 weeks after EOT, time to negative blood culture, survival at day 90 and adverse events (AEs).
T88 541898-541906 Sentence denotes Results:
T89 541907-541980 Sentence denotes 216 pts received study drug and 170 were included in the MITT population.
T90 541981-542072 Sentence denotes Most had candidemia (71%) and C albicans only was the most common causative pathogen (56%).
T91 542073-542237 Sentence denotes Common C/IC risk factors included broad-spectrum antibiotics (90% of pts), central venous catheter (87%), prior surgery (67%), and total parenteral nutrition (58%).
T92 542238-542346 Sentence denotes Most tested baseline isolates (153/167) were fully susceptible to all of ANI/FLU/VOR, with the exception of:
T93 542347-542475 Sentence denotes 2/96 C albicans to both FLU and VOR; 4/27C glabrata to FLU; 1/21 C parapsilosis to ANI and 5/21 to FLU; and 2/2 C krusei to FLU.
T94 542476-542560 Sentence denotes Overall MIC 90 for ANI, FLU and VOR was 0.5 mgmL, 8 mgmL and 0.5 mgmL, respectively.
T95 542561-542720 Sentence denotes Microbiologic and global response at different time points, across the selected subpopulations/baseline pathogens and by infection site are shown in the table.
T96 542721-542802 Sentence denotes Mean time to first negative blood culture was 4 days and 90-day survival was 54%.
T97 542803-542898 Sentence denotes 33/216 (15%) of patients had treatmentrelated AEs, which led to study discontinuation in 5 pts.
T98 542899-542938 Sentence denotes Infusion-related AEs occurred in 6 pts.
T99 542939-543047 Sentence denotes In these selected ICU populations, ANI was effective, safe and well tolerated as first-line therapy of C/IC.
T100 543048-543173 Sentence denotes EOT outcomes, incl. microbiologic responses, were similar across baseline pathogens, infection sites and patient populations.
T101 543174-543221 Sentence denotes pylori-positive patients with duodenal ulcer N.
T102 543222-543236 Sentence denotes Zakharova*, V.
T103 543237-543251 Sentence denotes Simanenkov, A.
T104 543252-543263 Sentence denotes Suvorov, G.
T105 543264-543304 Sentence denotes Belov (Saint Petersburg, RU) Background:
T106 543305-543418 Sentence denotes The Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication rate following standard triple therapies is decreasing worldwide.
T107 543419-543541 Sentence denotes The lowest incidence of side-effects to standard therapy has been observed when probiotics were combined with antibiotics.
T108 543542-543795 Sentence denotes Because of the low eradication rates and lack of treatment regimens alternative approaches for H. pylori have been explored to assess the efficacy and safety of synbiotic compared with prebiotic for H. pylori eradication in duodenal ulcer (DU) patients.
T109 543796-543804 Sentence denotes Methods:
T110 543805-543872 Sentence denotes Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial lasting 8 weeks.
T111 543873-544094 Sentence denotes Each of pills contained either specific synbiotic (E. faecium L-3 10 6−7 CFU/g, pectin and soy protein hydrolyzate, Laminaria saccharina) or prebiotic (pectin and soy protein hydrolyzate, Laminaria saccharina) or placebo.
T112 544095-544140 Sentence denotes Pills were manufactured to conduct the trial.
T113 544141-544230 Sentence denotes 81 H. pylori-positive patients in remission of DU were randomly assigned to three groups:
T114 544231-544312 Sentence denotes Group A received synbiotic, group B received prebiotic, group C received placebo.
T115 544313-544361 Sentence denotes All patients took three pills three times daily.
T116 544362-544461 Sentence denotes Gastroscopy was performed before and 6 weeks after the end of treatment for DU activity evaluation.
T117 544462-544614 Sentence denotes H. pylori detection was carried out by rapid urease test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the primers vacA, ureaB and ureaC in gastric biopsies.
T118 544615-544695 Sentence denotes Differences between eradication frequency were evaluated by the chi-square test.
T119 544696-544824 Sentence denotes Both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses were used for the assessment of the eradication rates of H. pylori.
T120 544825-545008 Sentence denotes Results: H. pylori eradication rates for the groups A, B, and C were 38% (11 of 29 patients), 8.7% (2 of 23 patients) and 10% (3 of 25 patients), respectively according to PP and ITT.
T121 545009-545104 Sentence denotes Synbiotic showed a higher eradication rate than prebiotic (p = 0.0156) or placebo (p = 0.0317).
T122 545105-545253 Sentence denotes Clinical or endoscopic relapses of DU or chronic gastritis were observed in 14 patients in group A, 6 patients in group B and 8 patients in group C.
T123 545254-545325 Sentence denotes Though H. pylori was eradicated, relapses still occurred in some cases.
T124 545326-545389 Sentence denotes Attributive relapse risk was 0.48, 0.26 and 0.28, respectively.
T125 545390-545442 Sentence denotes Relapse risk ratio was 2.45 (synbiotic vs. placebo).
T126 545443-545553 Sentence denotes No cases of enterococcus colonization of gastric mucosa were revealed by PCR with E. faecium specific primers.
T127 545554-545565 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T128 545566-545683 Sentence denotes Monotherapy with synbiotic based on E. faecium is more effective then prebiotic or placebo for H. pylori eradication.
T129 545684-545812 Sentence denotes Monotherapy with synbiotic increases the risk of DU relapse, indicating H. pylori is the major cause of DU but not the only one.
T130 545813-545995 Sentence denotes R2726 Phase 2 prospective randomised study investigating daptomycin 6 and 8 mg/kg versus standard antibiotic therapy in the treatment of staphylococcal prosthetic joint infections I.
T131 545996-546005 Sentence denotes Byren, A.
T132 546006-546018 Sentence denotes Wheeler*, E.
T133 546019-546032 Sentence denotes Campanaro, S.
T134 546033-546045 Sentence denotes Yankelev, D.
T135 546046-546060 Sentence denotes Anastasiou, G.
T136 546061-546075 Sentence denotes Kuropatkin, R.
T137 546076-546085 Sentence denotes Evans, D.
T138 546086-546171 Sentence denotes Osmon (Oxford, UK; Lexington, US; Samara, RU; Little Rock, Rochester, US) Objectives:
T139 546172-546330 Sentence denotes Evolving resistance of Gram-positive organisms support the investigation of higher doses of daptomycin in the management of prosthetic joint infections (PJI).
T140 546331-546544 Sentence denotes Prospective, open-label study of 75 subjects randomised to daptomycin (DAP) 6 or 8 mg/kg, or comparator (vancomycin, teicoplanin, or semi-synthetic penicillin) undergoing 2-stage replacement for a hip or knee PJI.
T141 546545-546687 Sentence denotes After removal of the prosthesis, subjects received 6 weeks treatment and a 2−6 week antibiotic-free period before implanting a new prosthesis.
T142 546688-546743 Sentence denotes Test of cure (TOC) was 1−2 weeks after re-implantation.
T143 546744-546866 Sentence denotes The primary objective was evaluation were measured to compare the prevalence of IDA and H. pylori infection in the groups.
T144 546867-546875 Sentence denotes Results:
T145 546876-547011 Sentence denotes 52.5% of cases were girls (53.1% of cases and 51.4% of control group) and 47.8% were boys (46.9% of cases group and 48.6% of controls).
T146 547012-547101 Sentence denotes H. pylori serology was positive in 46.3% of cases and 19% of control group were infected.
T147 547102-547153 Sentence denotes There were a meaningful difference (p-value >0001).
T148 547154-547165 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T149 547166-547259 Sentence denotes Our results support the proposal that H. pylori infection is associated with IDA in children.
T150 547260-547262 Sentence denotes A.
T151 547263-547284 Sentence denotes Herrera-Martinez*, Y.
T152 547285-547305 Sentence denotes Herrera-Martinez, M.
T153 547306-547358 Sentence denotes Limper (Barquisimeto, VE; Amsterdam, NL) Background:
T154 547359-547473 Sentence denotes Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) during pregnancy pose a major risk to the fetus due to vertical transmission.
T155 547474-547594 Sentence denotes Congenital disease still represents a significant public health problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries.
T156 547595-547617 Sentence denotes Methods and Materials:
T157 547618-547886 Sentence denotes A retrospective investigation was performed comprising all pregnant women with HIV and/or syphilis infections admitted at the central hospital cof two Western Cities of Venezuela, during January 2007-September 2010; pregnant women without STDs served as control group.
T158 547887-547989 Sentence denotes Epidemiological characteristics were reported, anthropometrical variables in newborns were considered.
T159 547990-548039 Sentence denotes Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.
T160 548040-548092 Sentence denotes Statistical analyses were performed on SPSS v.17 ® .
T161 548093-548101 Sentence denotes Results:
T162 548102-548215 Sentence denotes 76 pregnant HIV patients and 77 patients with syphilis infection were identified, three of them being coinfected.
T163 548216-548265 Sentence denotes 87 pregnant women without STD served as controls.
T164 548266-548383 Sentence denotes Mean age of infected mothers (HIV/syphilis) was 26 years (range 14−42 yrs) with a mean of 3 pregnancies (range 1−12).
T165 548384-548521 Sentence denotes In the control group, pregnancies of 38±1 weeks were observed; newborns had a mean birth weight of 3,220±524 and a mean height of 51±3cm.
T166 548522-548596 Sentence denotes In HIV infected patients, mean gestation was 36 weeks (range 26−41 weeks).
T167 548597-548746 Sentence denotes Mean birth weight of newborns was 2,829±686 g (range 510−3,900 g); 22,6% were low birth weight newborns; mean birth height was 49±4 cm (range 30−56).
T168 548747-548826 Sentence denotes In syphilis infected patients, mean gestation was 37 weeks (range 22−41 weeks).
T169 548827-548979 Sentence denotes Mean birth weight of newborns was 3,159±649 g (range 700−4,240 g); 11,5% were low birth weight newborns, mean birth height was 51±4 cm (range 33−59 cm).
T170 548980-549106 Sentence denotes Maternal VDRL titers were strongly associated with birth weight; higher mother VDRL titers correlated with lower birth weight.
T171 549107-549207 Sentence denotes Cephalic, thoracic and abdominal circumference did not show considerable differences between groups.
T172 549208-549293 Sentence denotes Conclusion: STDs cause considerable morbidity in women during the gestational period.
T173 549294-549398 Sentence denotes Congenital and perinatal infection of the newborn, miscarriage and low birth weight have been described.
T174 549399-549531 Sentence denotes In this study, both HIV and syphilis infections resulted in lower birth weight, particularly in newborns from HIV infected patients.
T175 549532-549657 Sentence denotes Treatment of the etiologic agent is considered effective for prevention of vertical transmission and is recommended for STDs.
T176 549658-549660 Sentence denotes A.
T177 549661-549672 Sentence denotes Kyratsa, I.
T178 549673-549685 Sentence denotes Grafakos, T.
T179 549686-549698 Sentence denotes Guahardo, P.
T180 549699-549715 Sentence denotes Giannopoulou, F.
T181 549716-549725 Sentence denotes Lykou, A.
T182 549726-549735 Sentence denotes Zabou, I.
T183 549736-549750 Sentence denotes Varzakakos, A.
T184 549751-549762 Sentence denotes Voyatzi, E.
T185 549763-549911 Sentence denotes Trikka* (Athens, GR) Parvo B19 is a DNA virus responsible for erythema infectiosum or fifth disease, an infectious benign rash, common in childhood.
T186 549912-550000 Sentence denotes Pregnant women may also develop Parvo B19 infection with severe conjenital malformation.
T187 550001-550012 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T188 550013-550118 Sentence denotes To study the epidemiologic profile of ParvoB19 infection in hospitalized paediatric population of Athens.
T189 550119-550127 Sentence denotes Methods:
T190 550128-550354 Sentence denotes During two years period (2007) (2008) IgM and IgG antibodies against Parvo B19 virus were detected in 287 blood samples from hospitalized children, aged 2 months till 15 years, with fever and suspicion of parvoviral infection.
T191 550355-550465 Sentence denotes Antibody titre was detected with immunoassay and reconfirmed with indirect immunofluorescence (Bios, Germany).
T192 550466-550474 Sentence denotes Results:
T193 550475-550594 Sentence denotes From 287 clinical samples from equal number of patients, ParvoB19 acute infection was diagnosed in 94 patients (32,7%).
T194 550595-550645 Sentence denotes IgG antibodies were detected in 27.2% of children.
T195 550646-550732 Sentence denotes A slight difference was observed in the incidence of antibody detection between sexes.
T196 550733-550898 Sentence denotes The incidence of IgG antibody detection in children aged less than 4 years (27,3%) was inferior in comparison with incidence in children aged above 10 years (34,7%).
T197 550899-550977 Sentence denotes Increased incidence of infection was observed during winter and spring months.
T198 550978-550990 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T199 550991-551214 Sentence denotes Early and accurate diagnosis of Parvo B19 infection based on IgM antibody detection or an increase of IgG antibody titre is crucial in hospitalized children with infectious rash and leukopenia or chronic haemolytic anaemia.
T200 551215-551238 Sentence denotes population of Athens T.
T201 551239-551251 Sentence denotes Guahardo, I.
T202 551252-551264 Sentence denotes Grafakos, A.
T203 551265-551276 Sentence denotes Kyratsa, F.
T204 551277-551286 Sentence denotes Lykou, P.
T205 551287-551303 Sentence denotes Giannopoulou, T.
T206 551304-551322 Sentence denotes Athanasopoulos, I.
T207 551323-551337 Sentence denotes Varzakakos, E.
T208 551338-551349 Sentence denotes Trikka*, A.
T209 551350-551431 Sentence denotes Voyatzi (Athens, GR) Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide public health disease, nowdays.
T210 551432-551561 Sentence denotes Incidence varies among different countries, depending on living standards, dietary habits and socioeconomic status of population.
T211 551562-551573 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T212 551574-551777 Sentence denotes To determine the incidence of toxoplasmosis in children with cervical or generalized lymphadenopathy, by detection of IgM and IgG antibodies, during five years (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) .
T213 551778-551786 Sentence denotes Methods:
T214 551787-552021 Sentence denotes Determination of IgM and IgG antibody titre against Toxoplasma gondii was performed with immunoassay in 1254 sera from children with lymphadenopathy, aged 1 till 14 years, who were hospitalized or admitted at the emergency department.
T215 552022-552139 Sentence denotes In every child two blood samples were drawn with a distance period of 15 days and examined for TORCH virulent agents.
T216 552140-552287 Sentence denotes Reconfirmation of acute infection was performed by indirect immunofluorescence as well as by observation of fourth time rise of IgG antibody titre.
T217 552288-552296 Sentence denotes Results:
T218 552297-552481 Sentence denotes From 1254 children examined 85 (6.8%) were positive for IgG and 25 (1.9%) for IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii 19 (1.5%) children were positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies.
T219 552482-552548 Sentence denotes Rise of seropositivity was observed according the increase of age.
T220 552549-552629 Sentence denotes Higher incidence of infection was observed in the age group between 8 and 14yrs.
T221 552630-552716 Sentence denotes There was no difference observed in the incidence of antibody detection between sexes.
T222 552717-552729 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T223 552730-552948 Sentence denotes Toxoplasma gondii is an important cause of lymphadenopathy during childhood in Greece, with low incidence, probably due to the habit of eating well-cooked meat and the good socioeconomic status of the study population.
T224 552949-552960 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T225 552961-553044 Sentence denotes Isolation of Candida spp. in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in preterm neonates is rare.
T226 553045-553192 Sentence denotes We describe the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of two cases of hospitalized premature neonates in whose Candida albicans isolated from CSF.
T227 553193-553201 Sentence denotes Methods:
T228 553202-553292 Sentence denotes The first case was about a set of female dizygotic twins, who were born at 32 w gestation.
T229 553293-553391 Sentence denotes Twin a died within few hours, while twin b was transferred to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
T230 553392-553509 Sentence denotes Their mother was treated for cervical incompetence and vaginal candidiasis during the 2nd trimester of her pregnancy.
T231 553510-553614 Sentence denotes Neonate b was started on empiric antibiotic therapy, because of elevated CRP, and low CSF glucose level.
T232 553615-553652 Sentence denotes Blood and CSF cultures were negative.
T233 553653-553736 Sentence denotes On day 8, the neonate looked slightly unwell and lumbar puncture (LP) was repeated.
T234 553737-553810 Sentence denotes The second case was about a male neonate, who was born at 28 w gestation.
T235 553811-553910 Sentence denotes The neonate presented respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal jaundice, and transferred to NICU.
T236 553911-553959 Sentence denotes Empiric antibiotic therapy was started, although
T237 553960-554143 Sentence denotes In univariate binary logistic regression models, the impact of neonatal and maternal factors on sepsis risk was estimated in terms of odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).
T238 554144-554152 Sentence denotes Results:
T239 554153-554272 Sentence denotes This study revealed the impact of bacterial pathogens, neonatal and maternal predisposing factors on sepsis as follows.
T240 554273-554379 Sentence denotes Maternal factors: PROM affect the sepsis risk to more than 3-fold (OR = 3.8; 95% CI:1.37-10.56; P < 0.05).
T241 554380-554590 Sentence denotes Neonatal factors: the mean age of neonate ±SD of whom with early-onset sepsis (1.56±0.88) was lower than that of with late-onset sepsis (10.40±5.50) and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
T242 554591-554709 Sentence denotes Low birth weight (LBW) <2500 g increase the risk of sepsis to more than 2-fold (OR = 2.9, 95% CI:1.17-9.86; P < 0.01).
T243 554710-554791 Sentence denotes Gestation age (GA) <29 weeks was significantly associated with sepsis (P < 0.01).
T244 554792-554905 Sentence denotes The septicemia in turn, increase the risk of death up to more than 5-fold (OR = 5.5; 95% CI:1.98-15.3; P < 0.01).
T245 554906-555090 Sentence denotes More than half of septic neonates had positive result for CRP whereas only 1.9% of neonates with sepsis were CRP negative and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).
T246 555091-555093 Sentence denotes T.
T247 555094-555105 Sentence denotes Tashiro, A.
T248 555106-555115 Sentence denotes Ueda*, N.
T249 555116-555125 Sentence denotes Kohda, S.
T250 555126-555164 Sentence denotes Kohno (Otsu, Nagasaki, JP) Objectives:
T251 555165-555288 Sentence denotes The fatalities caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) infection are high in the young children and the elderly.
T252 555289-555397 Sentence denotes Host-defense mechanisms against these pathogenic infections involve both innate and acquired immune systems.
T253 555398-555541 Sentence denotes In particular secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) and innate immunities in the airway mucosa play a principal role in preventing these infections.
T254 555542-555649 Sentence denotes Lactobacillus pentosus ONRICb0240 (b240) has been screened as the excellent IgAinducing bacterium in vitro.
T255 555650-555756 Sentence denotes The present study aimed to investigate whether nonviable b240 can prevent S. pneumoniae infection in mice.
T256 555757-555857 Sentence denotes Methods: CBA/J mice were administered with b240 for 3 weeks prior to lethal S. pneumoniae infection.
T257 555858-555948 Sentence denotes The survival and body weight of the mice were monitored daily for 2 weeks after infection.
T258 555949-556011 Sentence denotes Then, isolated lungs were evaluated the severity of pneumonia.
T259 556012-556181 Sentence denotes The number of S. pneumoniae, concentration of inflammatory cytokines, and expression of toll-like receptor 2 in lung homogenate on 2days after infection were determined.
T260 556182-556359 Sentence denotes In the pneumococcal pneumonia model, oral intake of b240 led to the prolongation of survival time and significantly inhibited of body weight loss, as well as reduced bronchitis.
T261 556360-556513 Sentence denotes There were a significant decrease in the secretion level of inflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptor 2 expression was promoted in b240-treated mice.
T262 556514-556612 Sentence denotes These results were exhibited in accordance with the alleviated pathological severity of pneumonia.
T263 556613-556624 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T264 556625-556792 Sentence denotes These results suggest that Lactobacillus pentosus ON-RICb0240 intake can facilitate protection against S. pneumoniae infection via the modulation of innate immunities.
T265 556793-556795 Sentence denotes T.
T266 556796-556810 Sentence denotes Matsumoto*, H.
T267 556811-556823 Sentence denotes Ishikawa, E.
T268 556824-556837 Sentence denotes Kutsukake, T.
T269 556838-556847 Sentence denotes Fukui, I.
T270 556848-556856 Sentence denotes Sato, T.
T271 556857-556867 Sentence denotes Shirai, T.
T272 556868-556880 Sentence denotes Kurihara, N.
T273 556881-556890 Sentence denotes Okada, H.
T274 556891-556902 Sentence denotes Danbara, M.
T275 556903-556911 Sentence denotes Toba, Y.
T276 556912-556921 Sentence denotes Maeda, N.
T277 556922-556967 Sentence denotes Kohda (Tokyo, Otsu, Uenohara, JP) Objectives:
T278 556968-557093 Sentence denotes One of the beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria is protection of the host against infection by various enteric pathogens.
T279 557094-557224 Sentence denotes Viable lactobacilli are used in most probiotic studies, while few studies using heat-killed probiotic bacteria have been reported.
T280 557225-557491 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of heat-killed Lactobacillus pentosus ONRICb0240 (b240) on systemic infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.Typhimurium) and to determine the mechanism by which b240 protects against infection.
T281 557492-557595 Sentence denotes To determine whether oral administration of heat-killed b240 would affect the survival of mice after S.
T282 557596-557682 Sentence denotes Typhimurium infection, mice were orally administered b240 or saline daily for 3 weeks.
T283 557683-557685 Sentence denotes S.
T284 557686-557791 Sentence denotes Typhimurium was orally inoculated and survival of the mice was monitored until 20 days after inoculation.
T285 557792-557852 Sentence denotes To study the effect of b240 on bacterial translocation of S.
T286 557853-557929 Sentence denotes Typhimurium, mice were treated orally with b240 or saline daily for 3 weeks.
T287 557930-557973 Sentence denotes Various organs were removed 6 days after S.
T288 557974-558044 Sentence denotes Typhimurium inoculation and viable numbers of bacteria were evaluated.
T289 558045-558112 Sentence denotes We also examined the effects of b240 on adhesion and invasion of S.
T290 558113-558159 Sentence denotes Typhimurium into HeLa cells by in vitro assay.
T291 558160-558270 Sentence denotes The mice treated with b240 were significantly protected against S.Typhimurium as compared to those fed saline.
T292 558271-558391 Sentence denotes Moreover, viable numbers of S.Typhimurium in each organ in b240-treated mice tended to be less than in the control mice.
T293 558392-558502 Sentence denotes In vitro study demonstrated the inhibitory effect of b240 on binding and invasion of S.Typhimurium into cells.
T294 558503-558769 Sentence denotes The oral administration of Lactobacillus pentosus ON-RICb0240 protected mice from S.Typhimurium infection through the inhibition of adhesion and invasion of S.Typhimurium to intestinal epithelial cells in association with a reduction of bacterial systemic infection.
T295 558770-558899 Sentence denotes Our results suggest that nonviable lactic acid bacteria also play an important role in preventing infection by enteric pathogens.
T296 558900-559076 Sentence denotes R2746 Immunogenicity of the pneumococcal conjugate 7-valent vaccine and impact on pneumococcal carriage in infants from Venezuela with sickle cell disease or HIV infection I.A.
T297 559077-559112 Sentence denotes Rivera-Olivero*, B. del Nogal, M.C.
T298 559113-559122 Sentence denotes Sisco, M.
T299 559123-559134 Sentence denotes Fuentes, R.
T300 559135-559145 Sentence denotes Cortez, D.
T301 559146-559159 Sentence denotes Bogaert, P.W.
T302 559160-559231 Sentence denotes Hermans, J.H. de Waard (Caracas, VE; Utrecht, Nijmegen, NL) Objectives:
T303 559232-559412 Sentence denotes To evaluate immunogenicity of the pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7) and the impact on pneumococcal carriage in infants with sickle cell disease (SCD) or HIV infection.
T304 559413-559421 Sentence denotes Methods:
T305 559422-559708 Sentence denotes Children with SCD (n = 25) and HIV (n = 12) listed at the Children Hospital in Caracas, Venezuela were enrolled in this study and vaccinated according to their age with the 7-valent conjugate vaccine followed by a booster dose of a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PS-23).
T306 559709-559940 Sentence denotes Blood samples and nasopharyngeal swabs for the determination of antibody concentrations for vaccine serotypes and for the isolation of S. pneumoniae respectively were obtained immediately before and 1 month after the PS-23 booster.
T307 559941-559949 Sentence denotes Results:
T308 559950-560133 Sentence denotes Of the 37 infants enrolled in this study, pneumococcal carriage prior the first immunization was found in 32% (n = 12) of the children with 67% (n = 8) carrying non-vaccine serotypes.
T309 560134-560302 Sentence denotes After boosting 100% of the subjects had antibody titers >0.35 mg/mL for all the 7 vaccine serotypes, ranging from 0.42 mg/mL (serotype 6B) to 62.21 mg/mL (serotype 14).
T310 560303-560468 Sentence denotes One month after completion of the vaccination scheme pneumococcal carriage was found in 27% (n = 10) of the children with 80% (n = 8) carrying non vaccine serotypes.
T311 560469-560481 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T312 560482-560614 Sentence denotes High antibody titers for the serotypes of the 7-valent conjugate vaccine were obtained with this vaccination scheme in our children.
T313 560615-560727 Sentence denotes However, no significant effect on carriage rate in general or carriage rates for vaccine serotypes was observed.
T314 560728-560902 Sentence denotes In group 1, consisting of healthy S. aureus carriers, mean levels of serum cytokines amounted as follows: IL-1b 0.31±0.3 pg/ml, TNF-a 0.56±0.22 pg/ml, IFN-g 0.21±0.095 pg/ml.
T315 560903-561139 Sentence denotes In group 2 at the first sampling levels of the cytokines were as follows: IL-1b 0.28±0.16 pg/ml, TNF-a 0.54±0.09 pg/ml, IFN-g 2.37±1.38 pg/ml, and only the level of IFN-g was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than mean level in group 1.
T316 561140-561306 Sentence denotes In turn, on the second sampling mean level of IFN-g was significantly higher (p = 0.0152) than the level noted upon the first sampling and amounted to 4.41±2.6 pg/ml.
T317 561307-561491 Sentence denotes Serum levels of IL-1b and TNF-a increased in 10 patients (2.77±2.45 pg/ml, p = 0.0005 and 1.67±0.69 pg/ml, p < 0.0001, respectively) and remained unaltered in the 6 remaining patients.
T318 561492-561629 Sentence denotes At the same time in 10 patients presence of S. aureus could not be detected in throat smears obtained at the time of the second sampling.
T319 561630-561641 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T320 561642-561825 Sentence denotes The effective immune response against S. aureus seems to depend on levels of circulating cytokines IL-1b and TNF-a, the production of which may be stimulated by S. aureus autovaccine.
T321 561826-561837 Sentence denotes Background:
T322 561838-561942 Sentence denotes Some evidence has shown a relationship between human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and pregnancy loss.
T323 561943-562126 Sentence denotes However, whether recurrent or latent CMV infection or altered immune response to CMV may relate to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is unclear and few data are available in this regard.
T324 562127-562271 Sentence denotes We evaluated CMV infection and humoral immunological response to CMV in women with RPL and compared it to women without any history of abortion.
T325 562272-562436 Sentence denotes This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in Clinical Immunology outpatient clinic, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, between 2008 and 2010.
T326 562437-562626 Sentence denotes Cases were 43 women with RPL referred by Obstetric and Gynecology outpatient clinic and controls were randomly selected from healthy age match multiparous women without history of abortion.
T327 562627-562767 Sentence denotes Inclusion criteria were at least 3 recurrent spontaneous abortions, and no history of any diagnosed underlying diseases as etiology of RP L.
T328 562768-562940 Sentence denotes Blood samples were obtained from patients and controls to evaluate CMV IgG and IgM antibodies and IgG avidity index by the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay Method (ELISA).
T329 562941-563052 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16.0, using Student's t-test, chi-squared test, and multivariate analyses.
T330 563053-563061 Sentence denotes Results:
T331 563062-563143 Sentence denotes One case (2.3%) of positive IgM in each group of RPL's and controls was detected.
T332 563144-563241 Sentence denotes Also, there were 39 (90.6%) and 30 (69.8%) cases of positive IgG in RPL's and controls, P < 0.05.
T333 563242-563314 Sentence denotes Patients and controls were similar regarding serum IgM titer (P > 0.05).
T334 563315-563378 Sentence denotes But, IgG titer was significantly higher in RPL group, P < 0.05.
T335 563379-563460 Sentence denotes No differences were found between the two groups in IgG avidity index (P > 0.05).
T336 563461-563584 Sentence denotes In multivariate analyses, only IgG positivity was related to RPL (P < 0.05) and avidity was not related to RPL (P = 0.277).
T337 563585-563736 Sentence denotes Also, IgG positivity (P = 0.159), IgM positivity (P = 0.856), or avidity index (P = 0.440) were not related to the number of abortions in RPL patients.
T338 563737-563749 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T339 563750-563864 Sentence denotes Previous exposure to CMV detected by a positive IgG antibody is significantly related to RPL in the present study.
T340 563865-563933 Sentence denotes However, we found no relationship between IgG avidity index and RPL.
T341 563934-564236 Sentence denotes Whether Latent CMV infection starting an indirect process of autoimmune etiology in RPL's or women with RPL had recurrent or reactivation of CMV infection but avidity index is not the best index to detect it, mostly because of altered immune function to CMV in RPL patients need further investigations.
T342 564237-564239 Sentence denotes A.
T343 564240-564260 Sentence denotes Atrasheuskaya*, I.A.
T344 564261-564273 Sentence denotes Karpov, G.M.
T345 564274-564411 Sentence denotes Ignatyev (Minsk, BY) Mumps virus-neutralizing antibodies are believed to be the most predictable surrogate marker of protective immunity.
T346 564412-564537 Sentence denotes The remote history of vaccination also suggests that waning immunity could have contributed to the vaccinees' susceptibility.
T347 564538-564677 Sentence denotes Mumps outbreaks in vaccinated populations are usually caused by the phylogenetically distinct from the vaccine strains mumps viruses (MuV).
T348 564678-564994 Sentence denotes To examine these issues, the kinetics of titer, avidity and neutralizing activity level and spectrum of the specific IgG were studied in 3-year follow-up serum samples from the healthy volunteers (n = 60) with no vaccination and mumps in the past, after the one vaccine dose contained "Leningrad-3" (L-3) MuV strain.
T349 564995-565135 Sentence denotes Full seroconversion, confirmed by ELISA and PRN against the vaccine MuV strain, was registered in all volunteers 3 months after vaccination.
T350 565136-565485 Sentence denotes Antibodies induced by the vaccine strain effectively neutralized five heterologous MuV strains (genotype A, B, D, and those earlier isolated during the local mumps outbreaks, C and H) starting from month 6 after vaccination at all time points tested thereafter, albeit at levels lower than those seen against the vaccine strain (>2-fold difference).
T351 565486-565593 Sentence denotes The specific IgG titers measured in ELISA demonstrated an "early" decrease after 9 months post vaccination.
T352 565594-565779 Sentence denotes At the same time, the specific IgG functional activity characterized by their avidity, level and spectrum of neutralizing activity reached its maximum within month 18 after vaccination.
T353 565780-566165 Sentence denotes Antibodies capable of neutralizing the heterologous MuV genotypes in the absence of antigenic boosting demonstrated a decrease to the critical levels ( 1:8) in a part of vaccinees after the third year post vaccination, while the specific IgG neutralizing activity against the vaccine strain still demonstrated a titer previously associated with protection against MuV infection ( 1:8).
T354 566166-566403 Sentence denotes The current study possessing several limitations demonstrated for the first time a broad-spectrum neutralizing activity of the specific IgG in recipients of one dose vaccine containing the L-3 MuV strain within 3 years after vaccination.
T355 566404-566406 Sentence denotes K.
T356 566407-566418 Sentence denotes Hamuro*, Y.
T357 566419-566429 Sentence denotes Kotani, S.
T358 566430-566439 Sentence denotes Inoue, Y.
T359 566440-566453 Sentence denotes Ogasawara, S.
T360 566454-566466 Sentence denotes Yamahira, T.
T361 566467-566476 Sentence denotes Saito, M.
T362 566477-566485 Sentence denotes Toba, N.
T363 566486-566513 Sentence denotes Kohda (Otsu, JP) Objective:
T364 566514-566650 Sentence denotes The foreign substances, such as pathogenic microorganisms, usually invade internal body via mucosal surface with ingestion or breathing.
T365 566651-566742 Sentence denotes Thus, activation of mucosal immune function is essential for maintaining and better health.
T366 566743-566855 Sentence denotes Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) play a pivotal role in mucosal immune system by the multiple protective roles.
T367 566856-566938 Sentence denotes This study objective was to find out lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for promoting IgA.
T368 566939-566947 Sentence denotes Methods:
T369 566948-567123 Sentence denotes First, we tested 150 LAB strains for IgA production capability in vitro using a murine Peyer's patch cell culture system and selected Lactobacillus pentosus ONRICb0240 (b240).
T370 567124-567220 Sentence denotes In addition, comparison of cytokine profile between b240 and low IgA inducible LAB was examined.
T371 567221-567333 Sentence denotes Next, we administrated heat-killed b240 to the mice for 3 weeks and investigated the intestinal IgA enhancement.
T372 567334-567442 Sentence denotes Moreover, we attempted an ex vivo study to assess the reactivity of murine Peyer's patch cells against b240.
T373 567443-567451 Sentence denotes Results:
T374 567452-567544 Sentence denotes We found out b240 to be exhibiting excellent IgA producing activities in 150 strains of LAB.
T375 567545-567639 Sentence denotes Interestingly, plant derived LAB including b240 tended to show higher activity than dairy LAB.
T376 567640-567781 Sentence denotes After 3weeks of b240 administration, intestinal IgA significantly increased with first vaccination at 2, 8 and 16 weeks of age, respectively.
T377 567782-567941 Sentence denotes Vaccine induced immune response, mainly the Th1 type cytokine secretion, was evaluated in different age groups following booster doses at equal time intervals.
T378 567942-568080 Sentence denotes Preliminary results show higher antigen specific IFN-g levels in response to heat shock protein and ESAT-6 family member protein antigens.
T379 568081-568246 Sentence denotes It was observed that there was no effect of age on the IFN-g producing capacity of the animals in the different age groups after stimulation of whole blood with SEB.
T380 568247-568392 Sentence denotes However, animals in the older age group responded well to the MAP multi-antigens and might need only one booster compared to the younger animals.
T381 568393-568569 Sentence denotes Findings from this work could be interesting to determine the appropriate age of vaccination so as to generate the memory T cell pool and for MAP vaccine challenge experiments.
T382 568570-568651 Sentence denotes Smallpox, caused by Variola virus, is considered as a dreadful scourge for human.
T383 568652-568750 Sentence denotes Smallpox vaccination, using strains of Vaccinia virus (VACV) has leaded to it eradication in 1980.
T384 568751-568811 Sentence denotes However, adverse reaction could result, so it was abandoned.
T385 568812-568971 Sentence denotes Current bioterrorism attack threat are feared the disease re-emergence, then new smallpox vaccines more safe but less effective in animals have been developed.
T386 568972-569048 Sentence denotes Attenuation of our candidates have been measured in Swiss Nude or SCID mice.
T387 569049-569127 Sentence denotes Mice have been vaccinated with 10 5 pfu of each viruses by tail scarification.
T388 569128-569195 Sentence denotes Signs of disease and mortality were followed over an 8 week period.
T389 569196-569357 Sentence denotes Protection of BALB/c mice against a lethal challenge have been performed, 28 days after vaccination, with 2.10 6 DICT50 of cowpoxvirus by intranasal route (i.n).
T390 569358-569440 Sentence denotes VACV neutralizing antibodies (Abs) in serum samples were titrated by plaque assay.
T391 569441-569541 Sentence denotes Serum samples were first incubated at 56ºC for 30 minutes then submitted to serial 2-fold dilutions.
T392 569542-569676 Sentence denotes The samples were mixed with an equal volume of VACV containing 35 PFU in 0.1ml for one hour at 37ºC and added to Vero cell monolayers.
T393 569677-569719 Sentence denotes Two days later virus plaques were counted.
T394 569720-569860 Sentence denotes To measure T lymphocyte responses the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes expressing intracellular IFN-g was measured by flow cytometry.
T395 569861-570028 Sentence denotes Mature bone marrow dendritic cells from uninfected BALB/c mice were infected with VACV then incubated with spleen cell suspensions from infected animals for six hours.
T396 570029-570113 Sentence denotes Brefeldin A (5 mg/ml) was added for the last four hours to block cytokine secretion.
T397 570114-570225 Sentence denotes Cells were stained with FITCcoupled anti-CD8b2 and APC-coupled anti-CD4 monoclonalAbs, fixed and permeabilised.
T398 570226-570317 Sentence denotes IFN-g was stained with a PE-coupled anti-IFN-g mAb and cells were fixed in 2% formaldehyde.
T399 570318-570508 Sentence denotes These vaccine candidates have been shown as protective as the traditional vaccine (1G) against an i.n cowpox challenge in mice, and they have been closely as safe as MVA strain in NUDE mice.
T400 570509-570624 Sentence denotes The neutralizing antibodies titration showed that every deleted viruses induced a humoral response as strong as 1G.
T401 570625-570779 Sentence denotes Finally intracellular cytokine staining showed a similar specific CD4+ response to that of 1G and a slightly lower specific CD8+ response than that of 1G.
T402 570780-570918 Sentence denotes Our results show that several deleted vaccines could advantageously complete the range of the third generation vaccines already developed.
T403 570919-571055 Sentence denotes The utilisation of one of these candidates as a viral vector for a vaccine against Ebola virus is under investigation in our laboratory.
T404 571056-571058 Sentence denotes S.
T405 571059-571069 Sentence denotes Luque*, S.
T406 571070-571078 Sentence denotes Grau, C.
T407 571079-571088 Sentence denotes Serra, P.
T408 571089-571104 Sentence denotes Pi-Sunyer, J.P.
T409 571105-571118 Sentence denotes Horcajada, N.
T410 571119-571132 Sentence denotes Berenguer, O.
T411 571133-571146 Sentence denotes Ferrández, O.
T412 571147-571157 Sentence denotes Urbina, M.
T413 571158-571168 Sentence denotes Espona, E.
T414 571169-571202 Sentence denotes Salas (Barcelona, ES) Objectives:
T415 571203-571371 Sentence denotes Several strategies have been designed to increase adherence to vaccination programs aimed at health-care professionals, though the results were not always satisfactory.
T416 571372-571610 Sentence denotes The differences between adherence to seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccination after the implementation of a vaccination program between health-care workers were assessed and compared by age, gender, professional category and workplace.
T417 571611-571718 Sentence denotes Two different prognostic models for predicting adherence to seasonal and pandemic influenza were developed.
T418 571719-571856 Sentence denotes In statistical analysis, univariate logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors associated with adherence to vaccinations.
T419 571857-571985 Sentence denotes Multiple regression analysis backwards, stepwise variable selection was used to identify independent risk factors for adherence.
T420 571986-572101 Sentence denotes The internal validation of the predictive models was evaluated by measures of calibration and discrimination power.
T421 572102-572110 Sentence denotes Results:
T422 572111-572214 Sentence denotes 7.6% of professionals were vaccinated against pandemic influenza, and 33.7% against seasonal influenza.
T423 572215-572452 Sentence denotes Statistically significant differences were observed for both vaccines when comparing vaccinated to unvaccinated professionals as for age, professional category and workplace, while sex differences were only related to pandemic influenza.
T424 572453-572576 Sentence denotes The predictive model of adherence to pandemic H1N1 vaccine, which showed a good discriminatory power (Area under ROC curve:
T425 572577-572732 Sentence denotes 0.843), included the variables age, professional category, workplace and previous vaccination against seasonal influenza as independent predicting factors.
T426 572733-572868 Sentence denotes On the contrary, the predictive model of adherence to seasonal vaccine, which showed a poor discriminatory power (Area under ROC curve:
T427 572869-572926 Sentence denotes 0.567), included the variables age, gender and workplace.
T428 572927-572976 Sentence denotes Both models showed a good calibration (table 1) .
T429 572977-572989 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T430 572990-573186 Sentence denotes Adherence to pandemic H1N1 and seasonal influenza vaccination program was very low, which suggests the need to implement new strategies into vaccination programs aimed at healthcare professionals.
T431 573187-573367 Sentence denotes A good model for predicting adherence to pandemic vaccine was developed when compared with the poor discriminating power of the predictive model for seasonal influenza vaccination.
T432 573368-573378 Sentence denotes Objective:
T433 573379-573473 Sentence denotes Adenovirus are responsible for various diseases to humans and many species of animals & birds.
T434 573474-573534 Sentence denotes There are no antiviral drugs to treat adenoviral infections.
T435 573535-573648 Sentence denotes The use of immunoinformatics has greatly revolutionized the field of vaccine research, discovery and development.
T436 573649-573786 Sentence denotes Hence approach has been made to identify the relevant B-cell & T-cell epitopes to design vaccine against adenovirus using bioinformatics.
T437 573787-573928 Sentence denotes fatality rates between 21% and 34%; and age-specific estimates from 2% to 35% among adults aged <65 years, and 30% to 43% among older adults.
T438 573929-573991 Sentence denotes The epidemiologic burden of IPD is greater among older adults.
T439 573992-574167 Sentence denotes These synthesized estimates may therefore serve as a baseline measure against which to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of new strategies for preventing pneumococcal infection.
T440 574168-574268 Sentence denotes Resistance of BPZE1-challenged MDDC to apoptosis was assessed by AnnexinV/Propidium Iodide staining.
T441 574269-574316 Sentence denotes Chemokine-driven chemotaxis was also evaluated.
T442 574317-574493 Sentence denotes Co-culture experiments with T lymphocytes were performed to assess antigen-presenting activity, T-helper cell polarizing ability and induction of functional suppressor T cells.
T443 574494-574596 Sentence denotes Results: BPZE1 is able to induce phenotypic maturation of human MDDC which are resistant to apoptosis.
T444 574597-574835 Sentence denotes BPZE1-primed MDDC produce a broad spectrum of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines, and very efficiently migrate in vitro in response to the lymphatic chemokine CCL21, due to the inactivation of the pertussis toxin enzymatic activity.
T445 574836-574969 Sentence denotes BPZE1-primed MDDC acquire antigen-presenting capacity, drive a mixed Th1/Th17 polarization, and induce functional suppressor T cells.
T446 574970-575059 Sentence denotes Suppressing activity requires cell contact rather than the production of soluble factors.
T447 575060-575071 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T448 575072-575227 Sentence denotes Our findings support the potential of BPZE1 as a novel live attenuated pertussis vaccine strongly activating the maturation of DC with full-blown activity.
T449 575228-575352 Sentence denotes BPZE1-challenged DC acquire the capacity to survive death signals and migrate from the site of infection to the lymph nodes.
T450 575353-575585 Sentence denotes BPZE1-committed DC have the ability to orchestrate a broad spectrum of Th1/Th17 responses, protective in experimental B. pertussis infection, and regulatory T cell responses, likely balancing each other to restore local homeostasis.
T451 575586-575597 Sentence denotes Background:
T452 575598-575791 Sentence denotes Patients receiving cytotoxic therapy for solid tumors are at increased risk of severe influenza, Data on flu vaccine immunogenicity are needed in those patients to improve the vaccine coverage.
T453 575792-575800 Sentence denotes Methods:
T454 575801-576015 Sentence denotes In a multicentric prospective study, 25 patients with breast (n = 13) or prostate (n = 12) cancer received one dose of a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine the same day that the IV administration of docetaxel.
T455 576016-576112 Sentence denotes Serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody response was assessed 21 days after vaccination.
T456 576113-576199 Sentence denotes The median age of the study population was 65 years (min-max, 33−87); 52% were female.
T457 576200-576363 Sentence denotes At baseline, the percentages of patients with titers of vaccine strain-specific HI antibodies 1:50 were 100%, 72%, and 100% against H1N1, H3N2 and B, respectively.
T458 576364-576457 Sentence denotes Immunogenicity results at day 21 show that this vaccine is poorly immunogenic (see Table 1 ).
T459 576458-576551 Sentence denotes No serious adverse events (AE) have been reported during the first 3 weeks after vaccination.
T460 576552-576609 Sentence denotes All the reported AE were from mild to moderate intensity.
T461 576610-576801 Sentence denotes The results show that the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine triggers a low immunogenicity in adults receiving docetaxel for solid tumors, although it demonstrated a good safety profile.
T462 576802-576900 Sentence denotes Strategies using more immunogenic influenza vaccines have to be evaluated in patients with cancer.