TextAE configuration unavailable!
CORD-19_Custom_license_subset  

CORD-19:18c80b3457039c28604e34ac230c579235d1ee2e JSONTXT 10 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE Lectin_function

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 2-10 Sentence denotes Abstract
T2 13-388 Sentence denotes Consistent with its emphasis on promoting global health, China follows the norm of "building a community of shared future for mankind", which operates as a guiding principle for China when it participates in global governance, as proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping, in keeping with the 17 United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030.
T3 389-592 Sentence denotes 1 When the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were terminated in 2015, 93 UN member states arrived at a consensus and adopted the 17 SDGs and 169 targets at the UN General Assembly in September 2015.
T4 593-654 Sentence denotes 2 The third SDG aims to promote "good health and well-being".
T5 655-710 Sentence denotes All 13 targets under it are directly related to health.
T6 711-832 Sentence denotes There are two concrete measures that have been proposed to build a community of shared future for mankind in the new era.
T7 833-1039 Sentence denotes The first is to advocate the Belt and Road Initiative that seeks to share China's experience and wisdom with the world, to promote global peace and cooperation, and to engage in joint development endeavors.
T8 1040-1318 Sentence denotes 3 By the end of 2018, China had signed 170 intergovernmental cooperation documents with 122 countries and 29 international organizations, which widened the circle of friends for the Belt and Road Initiative and included parts of Asia, Africa, Europe, Oceania, and Latin America.
T9 1319-1392 Sentence denotes 4 The second initiative is to continue deepening South-South Cooperation.
T10 1393-1493 Sentence denotes China attaches great importance and is committed to its cooperation with other developing countries.
T11 1494-1675 Sentence denotes In September 2015, President Xi announced the establishment of an assistance fund for South-South Cooperation at the 2015 UN Sustainable Development Summit that he hosted at the UN.
T12 1676-1922 Sentence denotes He also stated that China would continue to increase its investments in least developed countries in the world and set up the Center for International Knowledge on Development to provide new ideas, models, and impetus for South-South Cooperation.
T13 1923-2208 Sentence denotes During his visit to Africa in December 2015, President Xi proposed the China-Africa Cooperation -"going forward hand in hand, cooperating with a win-win strategy, and developing with each other"-and pledged to provide USD 60 billion to support 10 major cooperation plans across Africa.
T14 2209-2347 Sentence denotes 5 Thus, China will continue to play its role as a responsible country and work with other countries to create a better future for mankind.
T15 2348-2386 Sentence denotes Globalization is a double-edged sword.
T16 2387-2484 Sentence denotes When money is allowed to flow freely, the possibility of a global economic crisis becomes higher.
T17 2485-2565 Sentence denotes The international health system is centered on each nation and state, and health
T18 2567-2811 Sentence denotes Global Health Journal j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : h t t p : / / w w w . k e a i p u b l i s h i n g . c o m / e n / j o u r n a l s / g l o b a l -h e a l t h -j o u r n a l / problems encountered by each country are defined by its borders.
T19 2812-3018 Sentence denotes The resolution of these health problems typically requires cooperation among multiple countries through measures that include customs quarantine and restrictions on the spread of colonial tropical diseases.
T20 3019-3160 Sentence denotes The health sector in each country is primarily responsible for resolving these problems, and operates with "sharp divisions" among countries.
T21 3161-3261 Sentence denotes The World Health Organization (WHO) is undisputedly the leading coordinator of its member countries.
T22 3262-3330 Sentence denotes With globalization, health risks began to cross national boundaries.
T23 3331-3536 Sentence denotes As the power of non-state actors rises and the participation of non-health sectors in the health sector expands its scope, diverse global forces cooperate to respond to national and global health problems.
T24 3537-3568 Sentence denotes The WHO is one of these forces.
T25 3569-3646 Sentence denotes The prevailing situation has precipitated existing global health initiatives.
T26 3647-4119 Sentence denotes Effective global health initiatives should: (1) cross borders by promoting global health research aimed at breaking national territorial boundaries and focusing on the health of the global population; (2) be interdisciplinary by solving these health problems using knowledge from many other disciplines and through interdisciplinary collaboration; and (3) fully motivate various actors by identifying the global forces that need to be motivated to address health problems.
T27 4120-4214 Sentence denotes Global health emphasizes solutions that utilize a variety of cross-border cooperative actions.
T28 4215-4270 Sentence denotes Global health also poses security issues for countries.
T29 4271-4469 Sentence denotes The rapid movement of people, goods, capital, technology, ideas, and cultures among different countries has resulted in unprecedented development opportunities and enormous public health challenges.
T30 4470-4613 Sentence denotes Emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Avian Flu are on the rise and are changing constantly.
T31 4614-4716 Sentence denotes Traditional infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, and AIDS are resurfacing and spreading.
T32 4717-4992 Sentence denotes As a result of the increasingly serious abuse of antibiotics, the types of multidrug-resistant pathogens have also increased. [6] [7] [8] As people's behaviors and lifestyles have changed, the chronic non-communicable diseases have become more common in developing countries.
T33 4993-5073 Sentence denotes The dual burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases is a pressing issue.
T34 5074-5154 Sentence denotes In 2017, 131 million Chinese citizens went abroad to travel, work, and/or study.
T35 5155-5201 Sentence denotes Tourist arrivals in China totaled 139 million.
T36 5202-5333 Sentence denotes 9 The length of China's inland borderline is over 20,000 km and the border area accounts for about 20% of the country's total area.
T37 5334-5462 Sentence denotes Along this line, there are 136 counties spread over 9 provinces of China, and the outer boundary borders more than 10 countries.
T38 5463-5591 Sentence denotes 10 Along China's border, the northern border of China has a large population density, while the southern border has a small one.
T39 5592-5789 Sentence denotes Compared with the border areas outside China, there is greater population density in the northeast and northwest parts of Chinese frontier regions, which is much less in southwest frontier regions.
T40 5790-5950 Sentence denotes The population number in China's border areas is very low, and its density of the border areas outside China is even lower than that of inside China's frontier.
T41 5951-6027 Sentence denotes Population decline is a major feature of the border areas in recent decades.
T42 6028-6173 Sentence denotes For example, in the northwestern border areas between China and Russia and between China and Mongolia, the concentration of population decreased.
T43 6174-6342 Sentence denotes The population decreased significantly in China's northeastern frontier regions with North Korea, and in the China's southwestern regions and its neighboring countries.
T44 6343-6811 Sentence denotes The Belt and Road Initiative requires the successful implementation of global health, although there are some challenges: (1) the types of infectious diseases vary greatly in countries along the Belt and Road; (2) health monitoring and management for hundreds of thousands of Chinese engineers involved in the Belt and Road infrastructure will be difficult; and (3) the main infrastructure projects are primarily implemented in major cities, ports, and transport hubs.
T45 6812-7077 Sentence denotes To ensure the security and convenience of cooperation for global health and the influence and radiation effects of its relative projects, the layouts of funded hospitals, disease control and prevention centers, and medical laboratories should adopt some strategies.
T46 7078-7143 Sentence denotes China's economic growth is closely tied to its role in the world.
T47 7144-7207 Sentence denotes Its health development is expected to have worldwide influence.
T48 7208-7337 Sentence denotes The investment and scale of China's global strategy for health will affect the global stakeholders and their diplomatic policies.
T49 7338-7429 Sentence denotes China has always been a strong supporter of and practitioner in the field of global health.
T50 7430-7555 Sentence denotes Since 1963, China has been sending medical teams to more than 66 developing countries in Africa and other parts of the world.
T51 7556-7943 Sentence denotes In recent years, China has created the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Public Health Fund, actively participated in health cooperation efforts between the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), and hosted the first health ministers' meeting of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) in 2001.
T52 7944-8180 Sentence denotes China also contributed to the global fund to the extent of USD 30 million by 2002, hosted a fundraiser for Avian Influenza prevention and control in 2006, and donated USD 10 million to UN agencies toward addressing global health issues.
T53 8181-8340 Sentence denotes 11 After becoming the sixth largest contributor to the UN in 2013, China continued to increase the extent of its voluntary contributions to the WHO and UNAIDS.
T54 8341-8482 Sentence denotes China is also a member of the decision-making body and expert advisory group at the WHO, UNAIDS, and other major international organizations.
T55 8483-8612 Sentence denotes With abundant experience in fundamental medical and healthcare systems, China can be a role model for other developing countries.
T56 8613-8688 Sentence denotes China's new rural cooperative medical insurance has expanded significantly.
T57 8689-8795 Sentence denotes In the past decade, China increased the coverage of basic medical insurance in rural areas from 5% to 95%.
T58 8796-9087 Sentence denotes 12 Michel Sidibé, the Executive Director of UNAIDS, said that the UN is learning from the experience of the barefoot doctors of China who are a part of the basic medical insurance initiative in China, and that the UN is planning to train 2 million community health workers in Africa by 2020.
T59 9088-9257 Sentence denotes 13 With a severe shortage of grassroots doctors and the difficulty in retaining talent, the Tanzanian government has shown high interest in the Barefoot Doctors program.
T60 9258-9318 Sentence denotes China has extensive experience in training Barefoot Doctors.
T61 9319-9383 Sentence denotes Many rural doctors are local villagers and serve the local area.
T62 9384-9466 Sentence denotes This model may be useful for other countries that experience a shortage of talent.
T63 9467-9469 Sentence denotes 14
T64 9471-9670 Sentence denotes China's infant mortality rate (IMR) dropped from 28.38‰ in 2000 to 8.0‰ in 2017, 15 and the maternal mortality rate dropped from 108.7 per 100,000 persons in 1996 to 21.8 per 100,000 persons in 2015.
T65 9671-9845 Sentence denotes 16 By 2005, China achieved the global tuberculosis (TB) control target set by WHO, with at least 80% detection rate and successfully treating more than 90% of those patients.
T66 9846-10112 Sentence denotes 17 China has eliminated lymphatic filariasis, malaria, and schistosomiasis, 18 and implemented a national immunity program; it currently provides free vaccinations to prevent 15 types of diseases that include 4 vaccines for 6 diseases and 5 vaccines for Hepatitis B.
T67 10113-10413 Sentence denotes 19 All great achievements in public health in China has been supported by solid technologies such as the development of vaccines and drugs, portable ultrasound detection equipment, fetal monitoring equipment, diagnostic reagents, the Shang Ring, Artemisinine, and subepidermal contraceptive implants.
T68 10414-10495 Sentence denotes Concurrently, China is also a major producer of medicines and medical facilities.
T69 10496-10640 Sentence denotes With reliable quality and reasonable pricing, medicaments developed and produced in China have drastically supported its public health services.
T70 10641-10765 Sentence denotes Using only 5% of the world's health resources, China successfully meets the health demands of 20% of the world's population.
T71 10766-11027 Sentence denotes In March 2018, during the First Session of the 13th National People's Congress of China, the proposal to reform the state council and establish the China International Development Cooperation Agency (CIDCA) was passed, which officially opened on April 18, 2018.
T72 11028-11367 Sentence denotes The agency's primary responsibilities include: (1) developing foreign aid strategies, plans, and policies; (2) coordinating major foreign aid issues; (3) offering suggestions, promoting reforms of foreign aid models, formulating foreign aid programs and plans; and (4) supervising and evaluating the implementation of foreign aid projects.
T73 11368-11370 Sentence denotes 20
T74 11372-11568 Sentence denotes Aiming to create a new type of public health aid team and build its capacity by setting up an expert-steering committee, it is very necessary to build a talent pool and offer specialized training.
T75 11569-11678 Sentence denotes Meanwhile, developing a guideline on international public health development and cooperation is also helpful.
T76 11679-11999 Sentence denotes Measures include writing official documents on public health in English, developing and managing international public health development cooperation projects, establishing relevant overseas project departments, and respecting the ethics, etiquette, and culture of international public health development and cooperation.
T77 12000-12292 Sentence denotes In addition, it seeks to ensure the stability of overseas public health work and the implementation of public health projects, improving communication and negotiation skills used in international public health development cooperation, and understanding international public health strategies.
T78 12293-12693 Sentence denotes To improve China-Africa Cooperation in public health, there could be a variety of ways, including regularly communicating and discussing relevant topics, short-term training (10 days) and further study (3 months) programs for the Belt and Road countries in Africa, holding seminars, and sending experts to introduce the international public health development aid and enhance capacity to participate.
T79 12694-12838 Sentence denotes China's public health aid capacity building projects are solidly supported by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC).
T80 12839-13150 Sentence denotes First, with the expansion of globalization, world trade, migration, and international exchange activities, global health has become an increasingly important agenda worldwide and for individual countries, as it is closely related to national security, diplomacy, economy and trade, agriculture, and environment.
T81 13151-13491 Sentence denotes Given the outbreak of emerging and re-emerging communicable diseases in recent years and the public health measures included in many countries' national security strategies, the risk of transnational spread of diseases should also be considered in the course of strategy-and policy-making efforts, training talents, and developing projects.
T82 13492-13598 Sentence denotes Second, the world has increasingly high expectations for China, given its peaceful rise and growing power.
T83 13599-13748 Sentence denotes President Xi has shown a positive attitude and has promoted strong efforts to help African countries and to participate in global health initiatives.
T84 13749-14014 Sentence denotes These include commitments announced at the 2015 UN General Assembly and the 2015 Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation to support public health policies and strategies of African countries, and to help them optimize their public health prevention systems.
T85 14015-14265 Sentence denotes As the infrastructure and capacity of health systems in African countries are weak, especially in West Africa which is still recovering from the Ebola epidemic, the establishment of public health systems and the cultivation of talents become crucial.
T86 14266-14475 Sentence denotes This provides an opportunity for China to make progress in public health assistance in terms of public health aid, the construction of talent teams, and the establishment of an external supporting environment.
T87 14476-14835 Sentence denotes It is particularly urgent and necessary to train a team of competent experts and to design a reasonable top structure for cooperative public health projects such as the construction of the African Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) and the establishment of the West African Center for Tropical Disease Research and Control in Sierra Leone.
T88 14836-14979 Sentence denotes Third, among the Chinese government's current practices in the field of foreign aid for health, public health aid is still in its early stages.
T89 14980-15184 Sentence denotes Medical assistance in response to the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014 was the largest foreign public health assistance thus far and revealed numerous problems in policy, management, and fundraising.
T90 15185-15450 Sentence denotes The process of designing and conducting this project improved drastically and stimulated the completion of China's foreign health aid policies and practices by improving and enriching the policies, mechanisms, teams, practices, and guidelines for public health aid.
T91 15451-15595 Sentence denotes Fourth, the China CDC is a leading public health institution in China, and an important technological force in foreign public health assistance.
T92 15596-15814 Sentence denotes It is responsible for assisting in the Ebola epidemic in West Africa, the construction of the Africa CDC, the technological cooperation with the P3 Laboratory in Sierra Leone, and the control and prevention of malaria.
T93 15815-15864 Sentence denotes It has accumulated vast expertise in medical aid.
T94 15865-16036 Sentence denotes The design and implementation of this project is consistent with the Chinese government's commitments to foreign health assistance and China's strategic development goals.
T95 16037-16298 Sentence denotes 21 However, to meet the needs of public health assistance in the new era, it is necessary to comprehensively and systematically develop and improve the construction of institutions, mechanisms, modes of cooperation, and the capacity of institutions and experts.
T96 16299-16554 Sentence denotes These initiatives can help solve serious problems and urgent needs that challenge China's exploration of foreign public health assistance in the new era and can help meet the requirements for the construction of public health systems in African countries.
T97 16555-16851 Sentence denotes Global health governance and bilateral health development cooperation continue to face many challenges such as the lack of talent, knowledge, experience, and language (Chinese personnel, institutions, and health officials in embassies abroad lack capacity and experience in handling foreign aid).
T98 16852-17108 Sentence denotes Therefore, the treatment of foreign aid workers and overseas workers should be heavily monitored to ensure that their children's education and their family's health are promoted, which would encourage more businesses and talents to work and live in Africa.
T99 17109-17266 Sentence denotes Both state-owned enterprises and private enterprises seek assistance from governments to build hospitals and schools overseas for Chinese citizens in Africa.
T100 17267-17440 Sentence denotes Only when key issues concerning education and healthcare are addressed properly will overseas workers be able to work steadfastly and more talent can be attracted to Africa.
T101 17441-17518 Sentence denotes Public health cooperation and exchanges are centered on people-topeople ties.
T102 17519-17695 Sentence denotes This includes foreign health assistance from the government and the multi-level and multi-form cooperation and exchanges that take place between the authorities and the people.
T103 17696-17730 Sentence denotes Both should be equally emphasized.
T104 17731-17840 Sentence denotes Comprehensive long-term cooperation and exchanges are part of a grand project for at least the next 10 years.
T105 17841-18017 Sentence denotes However, people-topeople cooperation and exchanges have more potential and are more comprehensive and sustainable, and should thus be provided sufficient support and attention.
T106 18018-18206 Sentence denotes For example, after the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and America, there were cooperation and communication between official authorities of the two countries at all levels.
T107 18207-18347 Sentence denotes However, cooperation and communication between people, institutions, schools, enterprises, and organizations have become broader and deeper.
T108 18348-18506 Sentence denotes Although the driving power comes from many sources, the main power has come from enterprises as institutions and organizations are able to benefit monetarily.
T109 18507-18625 Sentence denotes Finding a sustainable motive for people-to-people health cooperation and exchanges is an issue that must be addressed.
T110 18626-18876 Sentence denotes These types of health cooperation and exchanges should be led by universities, research institutes, academic organizations, national and provincial hospitals, centers for disease control and prevention, and local medical and healthcare organizations.
T111 18877-19175 Sentence denotes They must include multi-level, multi-form actions that include hosting academic meetings and visits, developing exchange programs for scholars, undergraduates, and postgraduates, establishing scholarship, conducting joint research, and facilitating other kinds of research on communicable diseases.
T112 19176-19512 Sentence denotes Thus, policies and mechanisms to provide support and services for non-governmental health cooperation and exchanges are urgently needed, including overseas healthcare, accident aid, insurance, danger prevention, customs clearance of materials, tax exemption, and preferential treatment for investment in the medical and health industry.
T113 19513-19677 Sentence denotes We must recognize the current global health situation and see it from the perspective of politics, diplomacy, and development to meet the challenges that lie ahead.
T114 19678-19774 Sentence denotes China will, as always, follow its existing guidelines, work diligently, and promote development.