CORD-19-Sentences  

CORD-19:d95aa29fa61c9fd4ee5f7bc29fca44d9e124c517 JSONTXT 11 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
TextSentencer_T1 0-153 Sentence denotes Epidemiology and microbiological investigations of community-acquired pneumonia in children admitted at the emergency department of a university hospital
TextSentencer_T1 0-153 Sentence denotes Epidemiology and microbiological investigations of community-acquired pneumonia in children admitted at the emergency department of a university hospital
TextSentencer_T1 0-153 Sentence denotes Epidemiology and microbiological investigations of community-acquired pneumonia in children admitted at the emergency department of a university hospital
TextSentencer_T2 155-163 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T2 155-163 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T2 155-163 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T3 164-175 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T3 164-175 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T3 164-175 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T4 176-385 Sentence denotes The management of children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is largely influenced by the development of new molecular diagnostic tests that allow the simultaneous detection of a wide range of pathogens.
TextSentencer_T4 176-385 Sentence denotes The management of children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is largely influenced by the development of new molecular diagnostic tests that allow the simultaneous detection of a wide range of pathogens.
TextSentencer_T4 176-385 Sentence denotes The management of children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is largely influenced by the development of new molecular diagnostic tests that allow the simultaneous detection of a wide range of pathogens.
TextSentencer_T5 386-397 Sentence denotes Objectives:
TextSentencer_T5 386-397 Sentence denotes Objectives:
TextSentencer_T5 386-397 Sentence denotes Objectives:
TextSentencer_T6 398-541 Sentence denotes Evaluation of a diagnostic approach including multiplex PCR assays for revisiting the epidemiology and etiology of CAP in children at hospital.
TextSentencer_T6 398-541 Sentence denotes Evaluation of a diagnostic approach including multiplex PCR assays for revisiting the epidemiology and etiology of CAP in children at hospital.
TextSentencer_T6 398-541 Sentence denotes Evaluation of a diagnostic approach including multiplex PCR assays for revisiting the epidemiology and etiology of CAP in children at hospital.
TextSentencer_T7 542-555 Sentence denotes Study design:
TextSentencer_T7 542-555 Sentence denotes Study design:
TextSentencer_T7 542-555 Sentence denotes Study design:
TextSentencer_T8 556-718 Sentence denotes Children of all ages consulting at the Emergency Department of the University hospital of Saint-Etienne, France, during the 2012-2013 winter period were included.
TextSentencer_T8 556-718 Sentence denotes Children of all ages consulting at the Emergency Department of the University hospital of Saint-Etienne, France, during the 2012-2013 winter period were included.
TextSentencer_T8 556-718 Sentence denotes Children of all ages consulting at the Emergency Department of the University hospital of Saint-Etienne, France, during the 2012-2013 winter period were included.
TextSentencer_T9 719-1054 Sentence denotes In addition to bacterial cultures, the following pathogens were detected using biplex commercially-available rt-PCR tests: adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, bocavirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, coronavirus, influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumonia.
TextSentencer_T9 719-1054 Sentence denotes In addition to bacterial cultures, the following pathogens were detected using biplex commercially-available rt-PCR tests: adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, bocavirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, coronavirus, influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumonia.
TextSentencer_T9 719-1054 Sentence denotes In addition to bacterial cultures, the following pathogens were detected using biplex commercially-available rt-PCR tests: adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, bocavirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, coronavirus, influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumonia.
TextSentencer_T10 1055-1063 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T10 1055-1063 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T10 1055-1063 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T11 1064-1270 Sentence denotes From 85 patients with CAP, at least one pathogen was identified in 81 cases (95.3%), including 4 bacterial exclusive infections (4.7%), 53 viral exclusive infections (62.4%) and 24 mixed infections (28.2%).
TextSentencer_T11 1064-1270 Sentence denotes From 85 patients with CAP, at least one pathogen was identified in 81 cases (95.3%), including 4 bacterial exclusive infections (4.7%), 53 viral exclusive infections (62.4%) and 24 mixed infections (28.2%).
TextSentencer_T11 1064-1270 Sentence denotes From 85 patients with CAP, at least one pathogen was identified in 81 cases (95.3%), including 4 bacterial exclusive infections (4.7%), 53 viral exclusive infections (62.4%) and 24 mixed infections (28.2%).
TextSentencer_T12 1271-1340 Sentence denotes Coinfection by at least two viruses was observed in 37 cases (43.5%).
TextSentencer_T12 1271-1340 Sentence denotes Coinfection by at least two viruses was observed in 37 cases (43.5%).
TextSentencer_T12 1271-1340 Sentence denotes Coinfection by at least two viruses was observed in 37 cases (43.5%).
TextSentencer_T13 1341-1418 Sentence denotes Mean age was higher in the case of documented bacterial infection (P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T13 1341-1418 Sentence denotes Mean age was higher in the case of documented bacterial infection (P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T13 1341-1418 Sentence denotes Mean age was higher in the case of documented bacterial infection (P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T14 1419-1559 Sentence denotes In the subgroup of viral exclusive infection, the mean age of severe cases was 2.0 years vs 3.8 years in mild and moderate cases (P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T14 1419-1559 Sentence denotes In the subgroup of viral exclusive infection, the mean age of severe cases was 2.0 years vs 3.8 years in mild and moderate cases (P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T14 1419-1559 Sentence denotes In the subgroup of viral exclusive infection, the mean age of severe cases was 2.0 years vs 3.8 years in mild and moderate cases (P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T15 1560-1572 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
TextSentencer_T15 1560-1572 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
TextSentencer_T15 1560-1572 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
TextSentencer_T16 1573-1870 Sentence denotes These findings highlight the huge proportion of CAP of viral origin, the high number of coinfection by multiple viruses and the low number of bacterial CAP, notably in children under 5 years, and address the need to re-evaluate the indications of empiric antimicrobial treatment in this age group.
TextSentencer_T16 1573-1870 Sentence denotes These findings highlight the huge proportion of CAP of viral origin, the high number of coinfection by multiple viruses and the low number of bacterial CAP, notably in children under 5 years, and address the need to re-evaluate the indications of empiric antimicrobial treatment in this age group.
TextSentencer_T16 1573-1870 Sentence denotes These findings highlight the huge proportion of CAP of viral origin, the high number of coinfection by multiple viruses and the low number of bacterial CAP, notably in children under 5 years, and address the need to re-evaluate the indications of empiric antimicrobial treatment in this age group.
TextSentencer_T17 1872-1991 Sentence denotes Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of death in children under five years of age in the world [1] .
TextSentencer_T17 1872-1991 Sentence denotes Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of death in children under five years of age in the world [1] .
TextSentencer_T17 1872-1991 Sentence denotes Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of death in children under five years of age in the world [1] .
TextSentencer_T18 1992-2166 Sentence denotes In developed countries, the systematic prescription of antimicrobial drugs to patients with CAP has led to a dramatic reduction in mortality linked to this pathology [2, 3] .
TextSentencer_T18 1992-2166 Sentence denotes In developed countries, the systematic prescription of antimicrobial drugs to patients with CAP has led to a dramatic reduction in mortality linked to this pathology [2, 3] .
TextSentencer_T18 1992-2166 Sentence denotes In developed countries, the systematic prescription of antimicrobial drugs to patients with CAP has led to a dramatic reduction in mortality linked to this pathology [2, 3] .
TextSentencer_T19 2167-2303 Sentence denotes However, a bacterial origin of CAP has not been documented in a large proportion of cases despite extensive aetiological investigations.
TextSentencer_T19 2167-2303 Sentence denotes However, a bacterial origin of CAP has not been documented in a large proportion of cases despite extensive aetiological investigations.
TextSentencer_T19 2167-2303 Sentence denotes However, a bacterial origin of CAP has not been documented in a large proportion of cases despite extensive aetiological investigations.
TextSentencer_T20 2304-2600 Sentence denotes The current recommendations [4] [5] [6] encourage pediatricians to prescribe a probabilistic antimicrobial treatment, even when no bacterial infection is documented, which results in prolonged use of antibiotics and in the possible selection of resistant strains within the endogenous flora [7] .
TextSentencer_T20 2304-2600 Sentence denotes The current recommendations [4] [5] [6] encourage pediatricians to prescribe a probabilistic antimicrobial treatment, even when no bacterial infection is documented, which results in prolonged use of antibiotics and in the possible selection of resistant strains within the endogenous flora [7] .
TextSentencer_T20 2304-2600 Sentence denotes The current recommendations [4] [5] [6] encourage pediatricians to prescribe a probabilistic antimicrobial treatment, even when no bacterial infection is documented, which results in prolonged use of antibiotics and in the possible selection of resistant strains within the endogenous flora [7] .
TextSentencer_T21 2601-2914 Sentence denotes Until the beginning of the current century, the absence of documented bacterial infection was attributed to the difficulty in obtaining deep respiratory specimens that are not contaminated by bacteria from the local flora [8] together with the lower sensitivity of blood cultures in proving bacterial sepsis [9] .
TextSentencer_T21 2601-2914 Sentence denotes Until the beginning of the current century, the absence of documented bacterial infection was attributed to the difficulty in obtaining deep respiratory specimens that are not contaminated by bacteria from the local flora [8] together with the lower sensitivity of blood cultures in proving bacterial sepsis [9] .
TextSentencer_T21 2601-2914 Sentence denotes Until the beginning of the current century, the absence of documented bacterial infection was attributed to the difficulty in obtaining deep respiratory specimens that are not contaminated by bacteria from the local flora [8] together with the lower sensitivity of blood cultures in proving bacterial sepsis [9] .
TextSentencer_T22 2915-3028 Sentence denotes At this time, most of the epidemiological data from pediatric CAP relied on traditional bacteriological cultures.
TextSentencer_T22 2915-3028 Sentence denotes At this time, most of the epidemiological data from pediatric CAP relied on traditional bacteriological cultures.
TextSentencer_T22 2915-3028 Sentence denotes At this time, most of the epidemiological data from pediatric CAP relied on traditional bacteriological cultures.
TextSentencer_T23 3029-3285 Sentence denotes With the occurrence of new diagnostic tools and notably of multiplex PCR assays able to simultaneously detect a large panel of viruses and atypical bacteria, it now appears that a large proportion of CAP could be related to viral infection [10] [11] [12] .
TextSentencer_T23 3029-3285 Sentence denotes With the occurrence of new diagnostic tools and notably of multiplex PCR assays able to simultaneously detect a large panel of viruses and atypical bacteria, it now appears that a large proportion of CAP could be related to viral infection [10] [11] [12] .
TextSentencer_T23 3029-3285 Sentence denotes With the occurrence of new diagnostic tools and notably of multiplex PCR assays able to simultaneously detect a large panel of viruses and atypical bacteria, it now appears that a large proportion of CAP could be related to viral infection [10] [11] [12] .
TextSentencer_T24 3286-3518 Sentence denotes Many studies have evaluated these new tools but most of them were limited to subgroups of children notably to the young [13, 14] , to hospitalized children [11, [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] , or for selected pathogens [10, 12, 18, 19 ].
TextSentencer_T24 3286-3518 Sentence denotes Many studies have evaluated these new tools but most of them were limited to subgroups of children notably to the young [13, 14] , to hospitalized children [11, [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] , or for selected pathogens [10, 12, 18, 19 ].
TextSentencer_T24 3286-3518 Sentence denotes Many studies have evaluated these new tools but most of them were limited to subgroups of children notably to the young [13, 14] , to hospitalized children [11, [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] , or for selected pathogens [10, 12, 18, 19 ].
TextSentencer_T25 3519-3837 Sentence denotes The aim of the present study was to document the presence of a large variety of pathogens in respiratory specimens from children attending the Pediatric Emergency Department of the University hospital of Saint-Etienne, France, during a six-month period and presenting a CAP based on clinical and radiological evidence.
TextSentencer_T25 3519-3837 Sentence denotes The aim of the present study was to document the presence of a large variety of pathogens in respiratory specimens from children attending the Pediatric Emergency Department of the University hospital of Saint-Etienne, France, during a six-month period and presenting a CAP based on clinical and radiological evidence.
TextSentencer_T25 3519-3837 Sentence denotes The aim of the present study was to document the presence of a large variety of pathogens in respiratory specimens from children attending the Pediatric Emergency Department of the University hospital of Saint-Etienne, France, during a six-month period and presenting a CAP based on clinical and radiological evidence.
TextSentencer_T26 3838-4001 Sentence denotes The microbiological diagnostic approach combined bacterial cultures and biplex commercially available rt-PCR tests detecting a wide range of respiratory pathogens.
TextSentencer_T26 3838-4001 Sentence denotes The microbiological diagnostic approach combined bacterial cultures and biplex commercially available rt-PCR tests detecting a wide range of respiratory pathogens.
TextSentencer_T26 3838-4001 Sentence denotes The microbiological diagnostic approach combined bacterial cultures and biplex commercially available rt-PCR tests detecting a wide range of respiratory pathogens.
TextSentencer_T27 4002-4283 Sentence denotes A single center epidemiological observational study was conducted over a six-month period (November 2012 to April 2013) on children aging from one month to 16.5 years and presenting with CAP at the Pediatric Emergency Department of the University hospital of Saint-Etienne, France.
TextSentencer_T27 4002-4283 Sentence denotes A single center epidemiological observational study was conducted over a six-month period (November 2012 to April 2013) on children aging from one month to 16.5 years and presenting with CAP at the Pediatric Emergency Department of the University hospital of Saint-Etienne, France.
TextSentencer_T27 4002-4283 Sentence denotes A single center epidemiological observational study was conducted over a six-month period (November 2012 to April 2013) on children aging from one month to 16.5 years and presenting with CAP at the Pediatric Emergency Department of the University hospital of Saint-Etienne, France.
TextSentencer_T28 4284-4351 Sentence denotes The study was submitted for approval to the local Ethics Committee.
TextSentencer_T28 4284-4351 Sentence denotes The study was submitted for approval to the local Ethics Committee.
TextSentencer_T28 4284-4351 Sentence denotes The study was submitted for approval to the local Ethics Committee.
TextSentencer_T29 4352-4532 Sentence denotes After oral information was given together with a form explaining the content of the research, a consent form was signed by a parent or legal tutor before inclusion of each patient.
TextSentencer_T29 4352-4532 Sentence denotes After oral information was given together with a form explaining the content of the research, a consent form was signed by a parent or legal tutor before inclusion of each patient.
TextSentencer_T29 4352-4532 Sentence denotes After oral information was given together with a form explaining the content of the research, a consent form was signed by a parent or legal tutor before inclusion of each patient.
TextSentencer_T30 4533-4819 Sentence denotes A CAP case was defined [6] as a subject with fever of at least 38.5 • C, an age-corrected polypnea [20] and a chest radiograph showing images of acute pneumonia confirmed by a second examiner (a pediatric radiologist for ambulatory children or a pediatrician for hospitalized patients).
TextSentencer_T30 4533-4819 Sentence denotes A CAP case was defined [6] as a subject with fever of at least 38.5 • C, an age-corrected polypnea [20] and a chest radiograph showing images of acute pneumonia confirmed by a second examiner (a pediatric radiologist for ambulatory children or a pediatrician for hospitalized patients).
TextSentencer_T30 4533-4819 Sentence denotes A CAP case was defined [6] as a subject with fever of at least 38.5 • C, an age-corrected polypnea [20] and a chest radiograph showing images of acute pneumonia confirmed by a second examiner (a pediatric radiologist for ambulatory children or a pediatrician for hospitalized patients).
TextSentencer_T31 4820-4924 Sentence denotes A few subjects were excluded after this second reading, notably in the case of associated bronchiolitis.
TextSentencer_T31 4820-4924 Sentence denotes A few subjects were excluded after this second reading, notably in the case of associated bronchiolitis.
TextSentencer_T31 4820-4924 Sentence denotes A few subjects were excluded after this second reading, notably in the case of associated bronchiolitis.
TextSentencer_T32 4925-5206 Sentence denotes The data collected at inclusion comprised the demographic characteristics of the child, their vaccine status, the smoking habits of parents, the date of the beginning of the current respiratory episode and the drugs, including antimicrobials, that they received during this period.
TextSentencer_T32 4925-5206 Sentence denotes The data collected at inclusion comprised the demographic characteristics of the child, their vaccine status, the smoking habits of parents, the date of the beginning of the current respiratory episode and the drugs, including antimicrobials, that they received during this period.
TextSentencer_T32 4925-5206 Sentence denotes The data collected at inclusion comprised the demographic characteristics of the child, their vaccine status, the smoking habits of parents, the date of the beginning of the current respiratory episode and the drugs, including antimicrobials, that they received during this period.
TextSentencer_T33 5207-5577 Sentence denotes According to the current guidelines [4] [5] [6] , a pneumonia was defined as severe for this study if the patient presented at least one of the following criteria: respiratory rate above 70 per minute in infants less than 1 year of age and above 50 per minute for older children, a tachycardia adjusted to age, a capillary refill time >3 s and an oxygen saturation <92%.
TextSentencer_T33 5207-5577 Sentence denotes According to the current guidelines [4] [5] [6] , a pneumonia was defined as severe for this study if the patient presented at least one of the following criteria: respiratory rate above 70 per minute in infants less than 1 year of age and above 50 per minute for older children, a tachycardia adjusted to age, a capillary refill time >3 s and an oxygen saturation <92%.
TextSentencer_T33 5207-5577 Sentence denotes According to the current guidelines [4] [5] [6] , a pneumonia was defined as severe for this study if the patient presented at least one of the following criteria: respiratory rate above 70 per minute in infants less than 1 year of age and above 50 per minute for older children, a tachycardia adjusted to age, a capillary refill time >3 s and an oxygen saturation <92%.
TextSentencer_T34 5578-5794 Sentence denotes A control visit was systematically carried out at days 2 and 5 either by phone call for ambulatory-treated children or after a physical examination in the service of hospitalization for children admitted to hospital.
TextSentencer_T34 5578-5794 Sentence denotes A control visit was systematically carried out at days 2 and 5 either by phone call for ambulatory-treated children or after a physical examination in the service of hospitalization for children admitted to hospital.
TextSentencer_T34 5578-5794 Sentence denotes A control visit was systematically carried out at days 2 and 5 either by phone call for ambulatory-treated children or after a physical examination in the service of hospitalization for children admitted to hospital.
TextSentencer_T35 5795-5952 Sentence denotes A number of biological parameters were recorded systematically, including C reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), white blood cell count and natremia.
TextSentencer_T35 5795-5952 Sentence denotes A number of biological parameters were recorded systematically, including C reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), white blood cell count and natremia.
TextSentencer_T35 5795-5952 Sentence denotes A number of biological parameters were recorded systematically, including C reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), white blood cell count and natremia.
TextSentencer_T36 5953-6064 Sentence denotes Nasopharyngeal secretions obtained by sputum induction [21, 22] were sampled at entry for all the participants.
TextSentencer_T36 5953-6064 Sentence denotes Nasopharyngeal secretions obtained by sputum induction [21, 22] were sampled at entry for all the participants.
TextSentencer_T36 5953-6064 Sentence denotes Nasopharyngeal secretions obtained by sputum induction [21, 22] were sampled at entry for all the participants.
TextSentencer_T37 6065-6439 Sentence denotes The following tests were performed at inclusion: standard detection of conventional bacteria by culture, detection of five different viruses (respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza viruses, metapneumovirus and adenovirus) by indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) assay and detection of atypical bacteria by PCR as previously described [23] .
TextSentencer_T37 6065-6439 Sentence denotes The following tests were performed at inclusion: standard detection of conventional bacteria by culture, detection of five different viruses (respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza viruses, metapneumovirus and adenovirus) by indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) assay and detection of atypical bacteria by PCR as previously described [23] .
TextSentencer_T37 6065-6439 Sentence denotes The following tests were performed at inclusion: standard detection of conventional bacteria by culture, detection of five different viruses (respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza viruses, metapneumovirus and adenovirus) by indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) assay and detection of atypical bacteria by PCR as previously described [23] .
TextSentencer_T38 6440-6580 Sentence denotes In parallel, blood cultures and pneumococcal antigenuria were tested if prescribed by the clinician, notably in the case of hospitalization.
TextSentencer_T38 6440-6580 Sentence denotes In parallel, blood cultures and pneumococcal antigenuria were tested if prescribed by the clinician, notably in the case of hospitalization.
TextSentencer_T38 6440-6580 Sentence denotes In parallel, blood cultures and pneumococcal antigenuria were tested if prescribed by the clinician, notably in the case of hospitalization.
TextSentencer_T39 6581-6851 Sentence denotes In addition to the test listed above that were performed at the time of hospital attendance, a rtPCR assay was performed at the end of the study on an aliquot fraction kept frozen at −80 • C for the whole panel of nasopharyngeal aspirates, as previously described [24] .
TextSentencer_T39 6581-6851 Sentence denotes In addition to the test listed above that were performed at the time of hospital attendance, a rtPCR assay was performed at the end of the study on an aliquot fraction kept frozen at −80 • C for the whole panel of nasopharyngeal aspirates, as previously described [24] .
TextSentencer_T39 6581-6851 Sentence denotes In addition to the test listed above that were performed at the time of hospital attendance, a rtPCR assay was performed at the end of the study on an aliquot fraction kept frozen at −80 • C for the whole panel of nasopharyngeal aspirates, as previously described [24] .
TextSentencer_T40 6852-6956 Sentence denotes Briefly, 200 l of aspirate was extracted on NUCLISENS ® easyMAG TM (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France).
TextSentencer_T40 6852-6956 Sentence denotes Briefly, 200 l of aspirate was extracted on NUCLISENS ® easyMAG TM (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France).
TextSentencer_T40 6852-6956 Sentence denotes Briefly, 200 l of aspirate was extracted on NUCLISENS ® easyMAG TM (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France).
TextSentencer_T41 6957-7135 Sentence denotes The Respiratory Multi Well System (MWS) r-gene TM (Chla/Myco pneumo, Influenza A/B, RSV/hMPV, AD/hBoV, HCoV/HPIV, and Rhino&EV/CC) from bioMérieux was used for molecular testing.
TextSentencer_T41 6957-7135 Sentence denotes The Respiratory Multi Well System (MWS) r-gene TM (Chla/Myco pneumo, Influenza A/B, RSV/hMPV, AD/hBoV, HCoV/HPIV, and Rhino&EV/CC) from bioMérieux was used for molecular testing.
TextSentencer_T41 6957-7135 Sentence denotes The Respiratory Multi Well System (MWS) r-gene TM (Chla/Myco pneumo, Influenza A/B, RSV/hMPV, AD/hBoV, HCoV/HPIV, and Rhino&EV/CC) from bioMérieux was used for molecular testing.
TextSentencer_T42 7136-7334 Sentence denotes It consists of a series of biplex assays detecting either a couple of pathogens or a single pathogen and a cell control (CC) attesting for the presence of cellular nucleic acids within the specimen.
TextSentencer_T42 7136-7334 Sentence denotes It consists of a series of biplex assays detecting either a couple of pathogens or a single pathogen and a cell control (CC) attesting for the presence of cellular nucleic acids within the specimen.
TextSentencer_T42 7136-7334 Sentence denotes It consists of a series of biplex assays detecting either a couple of pathogens or a single pathogen and a cell control (CC) attesting for the presence of cellular nucleic acids within the specimen.
TextSentencer_T43 7335-7371 Sentence denotes The following pathogens were tested:
TextSentencer_T43 7335-7371 Sentence denotes The following pathogens were tested:
TextSentencer_T43 7335-7371 Sentence denotes The following pathogens were tested:
TextSentencer_T44 7372-7617 Sentence denotes Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae, influenza viruses A and B, RSV and human metapneumovirus (hMPV), adenovirus (ADV) and bocavirus (BoV), parainfluenza viruses and coronaviruses, rhinovirus/enterovirus (hREV) and a cell control.
TextSentencer_T44 7372-7617 Sentence denotes Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae, influenza viruses A and B, RSV and human metapneumovirus (hMPV), adenovirus (ADV) and bocavirus (BoV), parainfluenza viruses and coronaviruses, rhinovirus/enterovirus (hREV) and a cell control.
TextSentencer_T44 7372-7617 Sentence denotes Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae, influenza viruses A and B, RSV and human metapneumovirus (hMPV), adenovirus (ADV) and bocavirus (BoV), parainfluenza viruses and coronaviruses, rhinovirus/enterovirus (hREV) and a cell control.
TextSentencer_T45 7618-7882 Sentence denotes An univaried analysis was performed to compare the cases documented as probably related to a bacterial infection (threshold of 10 7 CFU/ml for conventional cultures [25, 26] or the presence of atypical bacterium by PCR in nasopharyngeal aspirates), and the others.
TextSentencer_T45 7618-7882 Sentence denotes An univaried analysis was performed to compare the cases documented as probably related to a bacterial infection (threshold of 10 7 CFU/ml for conventional cultures [25, 26] or the presence of atypical bacterium by PCR in nasopharyngeal aspirates), and the others.
TextSentencer_T45 7618-7882 Sentence denotes An univaried analysis was performed to compare the cases documented as probably related to a bacterial infection (threshold of 10 7 CFU/ml for conventional cultures [25, 26] or the presence of atypical bacterium by PCR in nasopharyngeal aspirates), and the others.
TextSentencer_T46 7883-7983 Sentence denotes Comparisons adjusted for age, severity of pneumonia and mono/multiple infection were also performed.
TextSentencer_T46 7883-7983 Sentence denotes Comparisons adjusted for age, severity of pneumonia and mono/multiple infection were also performed.
TextSentencer_T46 7883-7983 Sentence denotes Comparisons adjusted for age, severity of pneumonia and mono/multiple infection were also performed.
TextSentencer_T47 7984-8134 Sentence denotes The chi-square test or the Fisher exact test was used to compare qualitative variables whereas the Student t test was used for quantitative variables.
TextSentencer_T47 7984-8134 Sentence denotes The chi-square test or the Fisher exact test was used to compare qualitative variables whereas the Student t test was used for quantitative variables.
TextSentencer_T47 7984-8134 Sentence denotes The chi-square test or the Fisher exact test was used to compare qualitative variables whereas the Student t test was used for quantitative variables.
TextSentencer_T48 8135-8197 Sentence denotes A P value of 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
TextSentencer_T48 8135-8197 Sentence denotes A P value of 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
TextSentencer_T48 8135-8197 Sentence denotes A P value of 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
TextSentencer_T49 8198-8417 Sentence denotes A multivariate analysis of factors independently associated with detection of bacterial was secondarily performed; the parameters included in the logistic regression model were those with P < 0.10 by univaried analysis.
TextSentencer_T49 8198-8417 Sentence denotes A multivariate analysis of factors independently associated with detection of bacterial was secondarily performed; the parameters included in the logistic regression model were those with P < 0.10 by univaried analysis.
TextSentencer_T49 8198-8417 Sentence denotes A multivariate analysis of factors independently associated with detection of bacterial was secondarily performed; the parameters included in the logistic regression model were those with P < 0.10 by univaried analysis.
TextSentencer_T50 8418-8702 Sentence denotes Over the six-month period of the study, 95 children thought to have CAP were included; 10 of them were excluded secondarily, comprising 7 cases with non-CAP infection, 2 cases without nasopharyngeal aspirate and one case of CAP whose inclusion was not consented by the child's family.
TextSentencer_T50 8418-8702 Sentence denotes Over the six-month period of the study, 95 children thought to have CAP were included; 10 of them were excluded secondarily, comprising 7 cases with non-CAP infection, 2 cases without nasopharyngeal aspirate and one case of CAP whose inclusion was not consented by the child's family.
TextSentencer_T50 8418-8702 Sentence denotes Over the six-month period of the study, 95 children thought to have CAP were included; 10 of them were excluded secondarily, comprising 7 cases with non-CAP infection, 2 cases without nasopharyngeal aspirate and one case of CAP whose inclusion was not consented by the child's family.
TextSentencer_T51 8703-8877 Sentence denotes With reference to the total number of cases of CAP recorded over the same period in the Pediatric Emergency Department (n = 97), the representation rate was of 87.6% (85/97).
TextSentencer_T51 8703-8877 Sentence denotes With reference to the total number of cases of CAP recorded over the same period in the Pediatric Emergency Department (n = 97), the representation rate was of 87.6% (85/97).
TextSentencer_T51 8703-8877 Sentence denotes With reference to the total number of cases of CAP recorded over the same period in the Pediatric Emergency Department (n = 97), the representation rate was of 87.6% (85/97).
TextSentencer_T52 8878-9079 Sentence denotes The demographic and clinical characteristics of the 85 included cases together with the mode of management (ambulatory or hospital) and the probabilistic antimicrobial treatment are listed in Table 1 .
TextSentencer_T52 8878-9079 Sentence denotes The demographic and clinical characteristics of the 85 included cases together with the mode of management (ambulatory or hospital) and the probabilistic antimicrobial treatment are listed in Table 1 .
TextSentencer_T52 8878-9079 Sentence denotes The demographic and clinical characteristics of the 85 included cases together with the mode of management (ambulatory or hospital) and the probabilistic antimicrobial treatment are listed in Table 1 .
TextSentencer_T53 9080-9158 Sentence denotes Apyrexia was observed in 85.9 and 98.8% of cases at day 2 and 5, respectively.
TextSentencer_T53 9080-9158 Sentence denotes Apyrexia was observed in 85.9 and 98.8% of cases at day 2 and 5, respectively.
TextSentencer_T53 9080-9158 Sentence denotes Apyrexia was observed in 85.9 and 98.8% of cases at day 2 and 5, respectively.
TextSentencer_T54 9159-9281 Sentence denotes From the 35 children hospitalized at entry, 33 (94.3%) and 5 (14.3%) were still hospitalized at day 2 and 5, respectively.
TextSentencer_T54 9159-9281 Sentence denotes From the 35 children hospitalized at entry, 33 (94.3%) and 5 (14.3%) were still hospitalized at day 2 and 5, respectively.
TextSentencer_T54 9159-9281 Sentence denotes From the 35 children hospitalized at entry, 33 (94.3%) and 5 (14.3%) were still hospitalized at day 2 and 5, respectively.
TextSentencer_T55 9282-9360 Sentence denotes Only one child needed intensive care within the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.
TextSentencer_T55 9282-9360 Sentence denotes Only one child needed intensive care within the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.
TextSentencer_T55 9282-9360 Sentence denotes Only one child needed intensive care within the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.
TextSentencer_T56 9361-9422 Sentence denotes The antimicrobial treatment was modified in only three cases.
TextSentencer_T56 9361-9422 Sentence denotes The antimicrobial treatment was modified in only three cases.
TextSentencer_T56 9361-9422 Sentence denotes The antimicrobial treatment was modified in only three cases.
TextSentencer_T57 9423-9497 Sentence denotes Neither fatal cases nor immediate sequelae were observed during the study.
TextSentencer_T57 9423-9497 Sentence denotes Neither fatal cases nor immediate sequelae were observed during the study.
TextSentencer_T57 9423-9497 Sentence denotes Neither fatal cases nor immediate sequelae were observed during the study.
TextSentencer_T58 9498-9553 Sentence denotes Twenty-six cases (30.6%) were classified as severe CAP.
TextSentencer_T58 9498-9553 Sentence denotes Twenty-six cases (30.6%) were classified as severe CAP.
TextSentencer_T58 9498-9553 Sentence denotes Twenty-six cases (30.6%) were classified as severe CAP.
TextSentencer_T59 9554-9807 Sentence denotes The general biological characteristics of the included cases were as follows: the median count of leukocytes was 14.7 10 9 per liter (interquartile range 10.84-20.08), with 66.5% of neutrophils; the CRP median rate was of 64.5 mg/L (interquartile range:
TextSentencer_T59 9554-9807 Sentence denotes The general biological characteristics of the included cases were as follows: the median count of leukocytes was 14.7 10 9 per liter (interquartile range 10.84-20.08), with 66.5% of neutrophils; the CRP median rate was of 64.5 mg/L (interquartile range:
TextSentencer_T59 9554-9807 Sentence denotes The general biological characteristics of the included cases were as follows: the median count of leukocytes was 14.7 10 9 per liter (interquartile range 10.84-20.08), with 66.5% of neutrophils; the CRP median rate was of 64.5 mg/L (interquartile range:
TextSentencer_T60 9808-9874 Sentence denotes 19-163), the PCT median rate was of 0.87 g/L (interquartile range:
TextSentencer_T60 9808-9874 Sentence denotes 19-163), the PCT median rate was of 0.87 g/L (interquartile range:
TextSentencer_T60 9808-9874 Sentence denotes 19-163), the PCT median rate was of 0.87 g/L (interquartile range:
TextSentencer_T61 9875-9947 Sentence denotes 0.17-5.14); an hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) was observed in 23 cases (27%).
TextSentencer_T61 9875-9947 Sentence denotes 0.17-5.14); an hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) was observed in 23 cases (27%).
TextSentencer_T61 9875-9947 Sentence denotes 0.17-5.14); an hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) was observed in 23 cases (27%).
TextSentencer_T62 9948-10169 Sentence denotes By using IFI prospectively, only 26 of the 85 nasopharyngeal aspirates (30.6%) were found positive, including 17 RSV, 9 ADV and 4 influenzavirus B; all of these infections were confirmed by the retrospective rt-PCR assay.
TextSentencer_T62 9948-10169 Sentence denotes By using IFI prospectively, only 26 of the 85 nasopharyngeal aspirates (30.6%) were found positive, including 17 RSV, 9 ADV and 4 influenzavirus B; all of these infections were confirmed by the retrospective rt-PCR assay.
TextSentencer_T62 9948-10169 Sentence denotes By using IFI prospectively, only 26 of the 85 nasopharyngeal aspirates (30.6%) were found positive, including 17 RSV, 9 ADV and 4 influenzavirus B; all of these infections were confirmed by the retrospective rt-PCR assay.
TextSentencer_T63 10170-10324 Sentence denotes The pneumococcal antigenuria, available in 60 cases, was positive in 13 patients, 3 of them exhibiting a threshold of 10 7 CFU/ml by conventional culture.
TextSentencer_T63 10170-10324 Sentence denotes The pneumococcal antigenuria, available in 60 cases, was positive in 13 patients, 3 of them exhibiting a threshold of 10 7 CFU/ml by conventional culture.
TextSentencer_T63 10170-10324 Sentence denotes The pneumococcal antigenuria, available in 60 cases, was positive in 13 patients, 3 of them exhibiting a threshold of 10 7 CFU/ml by conventional culture.
TextSentencer_T64 10325-10398 Sentence denotes In the three other pneumococcal infections, no antigenuria was available.
TextSentencer_T64 10325-10398 Sentence denotes In the three other pneumococcal infections, no antigenuria was available.
TextSentencer_T64 10325-10398 Sentence denotes In the three other pneumococcal infections, no antigenuria was available.
TextSentencer_T65 10399-10508 Sentence denotes Blood culture, performed in 38 cases (44%), was found positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae in only one case.
TextSentencer_T65 10399-10508 Sentence denotes Blood culture, performed in 38 cases (44%), was found positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae in only one case.
TextSentencer_T65 10399-10508 Sentence denotes Blood culture, performed in 38 cases (44%), was found positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae in only one case.
TextSentencer_T66 10509-10630 Sentence denotes By combining bacterial culture and retrospective rt-PCR assays, at least one pathogen was identified in 81 cases (95.3%).
TextSentencer_T66 10509-10630 Sentence denotes By combining bacterial culture and retrospective rt-PCR assays, at least one pathogen was identified in 81 cases (95.3%).
TextSentencer_T66 10509-10630 Sentence denotes By combining bacterial culture and retrospective rt-PCR assays, at least one pathogen was identified in 81 cases (95.3%).
TextSentencer_T67 10631-10717 Sentence denotes The number of detected pathogens was of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in 4 (4.7%), 30 Table 2) .
TextSentencer_T67 10631-10717 Sentence denotes The number of detected pathogens was of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in 4 (4.7%), 30 Table 2) .
TextSentencer_T67 10631-10717 Sentence denotes The number of detected pathogens was of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in 4 (4.7%), 30 Table 2) .
TextSentencer_T68 10718-10905 Sentence denotes From the 85 cases of CAP, 4 bacterial exclusive infections were observed (4.7%), 24 infections with at least one bacterium and one virus (28.2%) and 53 viral exclusive infections (62.4%).
TextSentencer_T68 10718-10905 Sentence denotes From the 85 cases of CAP, 4 bacterial exclusive infections were observed (4.7%), 24 infections with at least one bacterium and one virus (28.2%) and 53 viral exclusive infections (62.4%).
TextSentencer_T68 10718-10905 Sentence denotes From the 85 cases of CAP, 4 bacterial exclusive infections were observed (4.7%), 24 infections with at least one bacterium and one virus (28.2%) and 53 viral exclusive infections (62.4%).
TextSentencer_T69 10906-10975 Sentence denotes Coinfection by at least two viruses was observed in 37 cases (43.5%).
TextSentencer_T69 10906-10975 Sentence denotes Coinfection by at least two viruses was observed in 37 cases (43.5%).
TextSentencer_T69 10906-10975 Sentence denotes Coinfection by at least two viruses was observed in 37 cases (43.5%).
TextSentencer_T70 10976-11179 Sentence denotes Table 3 displays the distribution of the identified pathogens and specifies the various associations, the most common being ADV/RSV (10 cases), Haemophilus influenzae/ADV(8 cases) and hREV/BoV (8 cases).
TextSentencer_T70 10976-11179 Sentence denotes Table 3 displays the distribution of the identified pathogens and specifies the various associations, the most common being ADV/RSV (10 cases), Haemophilus influenzae/ADV(8 cases) and hREV/BoV (8 cases).
TextSentencer_T70 10976-11179 Sentence denotes Table 3 displays the distribution of the identified pathogens and specifies the various associations, the most common being ADV/RSV (10 cases), Haemophilus influenzae/ADV(8 cases) and hREV/BoV (8 cases).
TextSentencer_T71 11180-11257 Sentence denotes The monthly distribution of microbiological infections is depicted in Fig. 1.
TextSentencer_T71 11180-11257 Sentence denotes The monthly distribution of microbiological infections is depicted in Fig. 1.
TextSentencer_T71 11180-11257 Sentence denotes The monthly distribution of microbiological infections is depicted in Fig. 1.
TextSentencer_T72 11259-11630 Sentence denotes As shown in Table 4 , none of the variables tested was statistically correlated to the presence of a bacterial pathogen by univaried analysis, with the exception of age that was higher in the case of documented bacterial infection (mean age of 5.45 vs 3.49 years; P < 0.05 by Student t test) and the presence of abdominal pain at clinical examination at entry (P = 0.02).
TextSentencer_T72 11259-11630 Sentence denotes As shown in Table 4 , none of the variables tested was statistically correlated to the presence of a bacterial pathogen by univaried analysis, with the exception of age that was higher in the case of documented bacterial infection (mean age of 5.45 vs 3.49 years; P < 0.05 by Student t test) and the presence of abdominal pain at clinical examination at entry (P = 0.02).
TextSentencer_T72 11259-11630 Sentence denotes As shown in Table 4 , none of the variables tested was statistically correlated to the presence of a bacterial pathogen by univaried analysis, with the exception of age that was higher in the case of documented bacterial infection (mean age of 5.45 vs 3.49 years; P < 0.05 by Student t test) and the presence of abdominal pain at clinical examination at entry (P = 0.02).
TextSentencer_T73 11631-11874 Sentence denotes Concerning biological parameters, no correlation was observed between bacterial and non-bacterial cases for the most of them, notably for CRP and PCT, with the exception of the white blood cell count that was higher in case of viral infection.
TextSentencer_T73 11631-11874 Sentence denotes Concerning biological parameters, no correlation was observed between bacterial and non-bacterial cases for the most of them, notably for CRP and PCT, with the exception of the white blood cell count that was higher in case of viral infection.
TextSentencer_T73 11631-11874 Sentence denotes Concerning biological parameters, no correlation was observed between bacterial and non-bacterial cases for the most of them, notably for CRP and PCT, with the exception of the white blood cell count that was higher in case of viral infection.
TextSentencer_T74 11875-12177 Sentence denotes Severity was statistically associated neither to the bacterial or non bacterial etiology of CAP, nor to a younger age, except in the subgroup of viral exclusive infection (n = 53), in which the mean age of severe cases was 2.0 years vs 3.8 years in mild and moderate cases (P < 0.05 by Student t test).
TextSentencer_T74 11875-12177 Sentence denotes Severity was statistically associated neither to the bacterial or non bacterial etiology of CAP, nor to a younger age, except in the subgroup of viral exclusive infection (n = 53), in which the mean age of severe cases was 2.0 years vs 3.8 years in mild and moderate cases (P < 0.05 by Student t test).
TextSentencer_T74 11875-12177 Sentence denotes Severity was statistically associated neither to the bacterial or non bacterial etiology of CAP, nor to a younger age, except in the subgroup of viral exclusive infection (n = 53), in which the mean age of severe cases was 2.0 years vs 3.8 years in mild and moderate cases (P < 0.05 by Student t test).
TextSentencer_T75 12178-12430 Sentence denotes Coinfection was not associated to a younger age or a more severe disease, even if the number of detected pathogens tended to be related to the severity of CAP (2.1 infected agents in severe cases vs 1.7 in non-severe cases, P = 0.09 by Student t test).
TextSentencer_T75 12178-12430 Sentence denotes Coinfection was not associated to a younger age or a more severe disease, even if the number of detected pathogens tended to be related to the severity of CAP (2.1 infected agents in severe cases vs 1.7 in non-severe cases, P = 0.09 by Student t test).
TextSentencer_T75 12178-12430 Sentence denotes Coinfection was not associated to a younger age or a more severe disease, even if the number of detected pathogens tended to be related to the severity of CAP (2.1 infected agents in severe cases vs 1.7 in non-severe cases, P = 0.09 by Student t test).
TextSentencer_T76 12431-12540 Sentence denotes By multivariate analysis, none of the tested variables was independently associated with bacterial infection.
TextSentencer_T76 12431-12540 Sentence denotes By multivariate analysis, none of the tested variables was independently associated with bacterial infection.
TextSentencer_T76 12431-12540 Sentence denotes By multivariate analysis, none of the tested variables was independently associated with bacterial infection.
TextSentencer_T77 12541-12707 Sentence denotes The demographic characteristics of the included patients were coherent with those of the literature [6] in terms of age (median age of 2.8 years; interquartile range:
TextSentencer_T77 12541-12707 Sentence denotes The demographic characteristics of the included patients were coherent with those of the literature [6] in terms of age (median age of 2.8 years; interquartile range:
TextSentencer_T77 12541-12707 Sentence denotes The demographic characteristics of the included patients were coherent with those of the literature [6] in terms of age (median age of 2.8 years; interquartile range:
TextSentencer_T78 12708-12768 Sentence denotes 1.5-5.7 years) and sex ratio (1.18 to the benefit of males).
TextSentencer_T78 12708-12768 Sentence denotes 1.5-5.7 years) and sex ratio (1.18 to the benefit of males).
TextSentencer_T78 12708-12768 Sentence denotes 1.5-5.7 years) and sex ratio (1.18 to the benefit of males).
TextSentencer_T79 12769-13107 Sentence denotes Those patients with CAP were shown to exhibit different risk factors as illustrated by a lower vaccination coverage as compared to that of the French population, an elevated rate of previous hospitalization (17/85, 20 .0%), a history of frequent respiratory disease (26/85; 30.6%) and a high level of smoking habits in parents (Table 1) .
TextSentencer_T79 12769-13107 Sentence denotes Those patients with CAP were shown to exhibit different risk factors as illustrated by a lower vaccination coverage as compared to that of the French population, an elevated rate of previous hospitalization (17/85, 20 .0%), a history of frequent respiratory disease (26/85; 30.6%) and a high level of smoking habits in parents (Table 1) .
TextSentencer_T79 12769-13107 Sentence denotes Those patients with CAP were shown to exhibit different risk factors as illustrated by a lower vaccination coverage as compared to that of the French population, an elevated rate of previous hospitalization (17/85, 20 .0%), a history of frequent respiratory disease (26/85; 30.6%) and a high level of smoking habits in parents (Table 1) .
TextSentencer_T80 13108-13400 Sentence denotes Approximately 4 children out of 5 reached hospital without having consulted another physician; most of them had already received an antipyretic treatment, mainly acetaminophen but also non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), despite the fact that the use of NSAID may be harmful [27] .
TextSentencer_T80 13108-13400 Sentence denotes Approximately 4 children out of 5 reached hospital without having consulted another physician; most of them had already received an antipyretic treatment, mainly acetaminophen but also non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), despite the fact that the use of NSAID may be harmful [27] .
TextSentencer_T80 13108-13400 Sentence denotes Approximately 4 children out of 5 reached hospital without having consulted another physician; most of them had already received an antipyretic treatment, mainly acetaminophen but also non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), despite the fact that the use of NSAID may be harmful [27] .
TextSentencer_T81 13401-13477 Sentence denotes At entry, 95.3% (81/85) of children had received an antimicrobial treatment.
TextSentencer_T81 13401-13477 Sentence denotes At entry, 95.3% (81/85) of children had received an antimicrobial treatment.
TextSentencer_T81 13401-13477 Sentence denotes At entry, 95.3% (81/85) of children had received an antimicrobial treatment.
TextSentencer_T82 13478-13588 Sentence denotes In most cases, the first choice for antimicrobial drug was amoxicillin, as currently recommended [4] [5] [6] .
TextSentencer_T82 13478-13588 Sentence denotes In most cases, the first choice for antimicrobial drug was amoxicillin, as currently recommended [4] [5] [6] .
TextSentencer_T82 13478-13588 Sentence denotes In most cases, the first choice for antimicrobial drug was amoxicillin, as currently recommended [4] [5] [6] .
TextSentencer_T83 13589-13850 Sentence denotes Despite the limited size of the present study and its restriction to a single center, its originality lies in the diversity of the included Table 3 Detailed presentation of cases of community-acquired pneumonia exhibiting an infection with at least 2 pathogens.
TextSentencer_T83 13589-13850 Sentence denotes Despite the limited size of the present study and its restriction to a single center, its originality lies in the diversity of the included Table 3 Detailed presentation of cases of community-acquired pneumonia exhibiting an infection with at least 2 pathogens.
TextSentencer_T83 13589-13850 Sentence denotes Despite the limited size of the present study and its restriction to a single center, its originality lies in the diversity of the included Table 3 Detailed presentation of cases of community-acquired pneumonia exhibiting an infection with at least 2 pathogens.
TextSentencer_T84 13851-13924 Sentence denotes Gray boxes indicate the total number of positive cases for each pathogen.
TextSentencer_T84 13851-13924 Sentence denotes Gray boxes indicate the total number of positive cases for each pathogen.
TextSentencer_T84 13851-13924 Sentence denotes Gray boxes indicate the total number of positive cases for each pathogen.
TextSentencer_T85 13925-13980 Sentence denotes White boxes corresponds to the cases with co-infection.
TextSentencer_T85 13925-13980 Sentence denotes White boxes corresponds to the cases with co-infection.
TextSentencer_T85 13925-13980 Sentence denotes White boxes corresponds to the cases with co-infection.
TextSentencer_T86 13981-14165 Sentence denotes From a microbiological point of view, it is first useful to justify the definition of what level of detection constitutes a causative agent in children with CAP included in this study.
TextSentencer_T86 13981-14165 Sentence denotes From a microbiological point of view, it is first useful to justify the definition of what level of detection constitutes a causative agent in children with CAP included in this study.
TextSentencer_T86 13981-14165 Sentence denotes From a microbiological point of view, it is first useful to justify the definition of what level of detection constitutes a causative agent in children with CAP included in this study.
TextSentencer_T87 14166-14315 Sentence denotes Concerning bacterial loads, the threshold of 10 7 CFU/ml was retained as recommended by European experts when induced sputum specimen are used [25] .
TextSentencer_T87 14166-14315 Sentence denotes Concerning bacterial loads, the threshold of 10 7 CFU/ml was retained as recommended by European experts when induced sputum specimen are used [25] .
TextSentencer_T87 14166-14315 Sentence denotes Concerning bacterial loads, the threshold of 10 7 CFU/ml was retained as recommended by European experts when induced sputum specimen are used [25] .
TextSentencer_T88 14316-14467 Sentence denotes It helps the discarding of pneumococcal colonization with prevalence of up to 57-65% in children of less than 5 years old [28, 29] from true infection.
TextSentencer_T88 14316-14467 Sentence denotes It helps the discarding of pneumococcal colonization with prevalence of up to 57-65% in children of less than 5 years old [28, 29] from true infection.
TextSentencer_T88 14316-14467 Sentence denotes It helps the discarding of pneumococcal colonization with prevalence of up to 57-65% in children of less than 5 years old [28, 29] from true infection.
TextSentencer_T89 14468-14770 Sentence denotes By contrast, "the asymptomatic carrier state of viruses is rather uncommon for most respiratory viruses [12, 30] , apart from the post active phase of respiratory virosis" [25] , which justifies to consider the detection of viral genome in respiratory specimens as a marker of probable viral infection.
TextSentencer_T89 14468-14770 Sentence denotes By contrast, "the asymptomatic carrier state of viruses is rather uncommon for most respiratory viruses [12, 30] , apart from the post active phase of respiratory virosis" [25] , which justifies to consider the detection of viral genome in respiratory specimens as a marker of probable viral infection.
TextSentencer_T89 14468-14770 Sentence denotes By contrast, "the asymptomatic carrier state of viruses is rather uncommon for most respiratory viruses [12, 30] , apart from the post active phase of respiratory virosis" [25] , which justifies to consider the detection of viral genome in respiratory specimens as a marker of probable viral infection.
TextSentencer_T90 14771-15045 Sentence denotes In the more exhaustive studies performed earlier, the percentage of elucidated cases from a microbiological point of view ranged from 72% to 86% [6, 11, 30] whereas it was of 95.3% in the present study detecting a wide spectrum of infectious agents with respiratory tropism.
TextSentencer_T90 14771-15045 Sentence denotes In the more exhaustive studies performed earlier, the percentage of elucidated cases from a microbiological point of view ranged from 72% to 86% [6, 11, 30] whereas it was of 95.3% in the present study detecting a wide spectrum of infectious agents with respiratory tropism.
TextSentencer_T90 14771-15045 Sentence denotes In the more exhaustive studies performed earlier, the percentage of elucidated cases from a microbiological point of view ranged from 72% to 86% [6, 11, 30] whereas it was of 95.3% in the present study detecting a wide spectrum of infectious agents with respiratory tropism.
TextSentencer_T91 15046-15213 Sentence denotes As reported earlier [30] , viral infections were shown to be predominant in children under 5 years of age and only 32% of all CAP were found to be of bacterial origin.
TextSentencer_T91 15046-15213 Sentence denotes As reported earlier [30] , viral infections were shown to be predominant in children under 5 years of age and only 32% of all CAP were found to be of bacterial origin.
TextSentencer_T91 15046-15213 Sentence denotes As reported earlier [30] , viral infections were shown to be predominant in children under 5 years of age and only 32% of all CAP were found to be of bacterial origin.
TextSentencer_T92 15214-15358 Sentence denotes Eighteen children received antimicrobial therapy before emergency consultation, which could be considered as a source of false-negative culture.
TextSentencer_T92 15214-15358 Sentence denotes Eighteen children received antimicrobial therapy before emergency consultation, which could be considered as a source of false-negative culture.
TextSentencer_T92 15214-15358 Sentence denotes Eighteen children received antimicrobial therapy before emergency consultation, which could be considered as a source of false-negative culture.
TextSentencer_T93 15359-15515 Sentence denotes However, all of them were always symptomatic at entry, which implies that a bacterium, if present, had a significant opportunity to be recovered by culture.
TextSentencer_T93 15359-15515 Sentence denotes However, all of them were always symptomatic at entry, which implies that a bacterium, if present, had a significant opportunity to be recovered by culture.
TextSentencer_T93 15359-15515 Sentence denotes However, all of them were always symptomatic at entry, which implies that a bacterium, if present, had a significant opportunity to be recovered by culture.
TextSentencer_T94 15516-15851 Sentence denotes An interesting finding of this study is the large proportion of viral coinfection (43.5%), much higher than that previously reported [10, 12, 30] , notably for bocavirus, metapneumovirus and adenovirus that were detected in association with at least one other virus in more than 80% of the CAP cases involving these agents ( Table 2 ).
TextSentencer_T94 15516-15851 Sentence denotes An interesting finding of this study is the large proportion of viral coinfection (43.5%), much higher than that previously reported [10, 12, 30] , notably for bocavirus, metapneumovirus and adenovirus that were detected in association with at least one other virus in more than 80% of the CAP cases involving these agents ( Table 2 ).
TextSentencer_T94 15516-15851 Sentence denotes An interesting finding of this study is the large proportion of viral coinfection (43.5%), much higher than that previously reported [10, 12, 30] , notably for bocavirus, metapneumovirus and adenovirus that were detected in association with at least one other virus in more than 80% of the CAP cases involving these agents ( Table 2 ).
TextSentencer_T95 15852-15963 Sentence denotes It has been suggested that infection by several viruses could enhance the severity of CAP [12, [30] [31] [32] .
TextSentencer_T95 15852-15963 Sentence denotes It has been suggested that infection by several viruses could enhance the severity of CAP [12, [30] [31] [32] .
TextSentencer_T95 15852-15963 Sentence denotes It has been suggested that infection by several viruses could enhance the severity of CAP [12, [30] [31] [32] .
TextSentencer_T96 15964-16223 Sentence denotes In the present study, a trend was observed in the association between the mean number of infectious agents and the severity of CAP as defined above (P = 0.09); a larger effective size would have been needed to determine a statistically significant difference.
TextSentencer_T96 15964-16223 Sentence denotes In the present study, a trend was observed in the association between the mean number of infectious agents and the severity of CAP as defined above (P = 0.09); a larger effective size would have been needed to determine a statistically significant difference.
TextSentencer_T96 15964-16223 Sentence denotes In the present study, a trend was observed in the association between the mean number of infectious agents and the severity of CAP as defined above (P = 0.09); a larger effective size would have been needed to determine a statistically significant difference.
TextSentencer_T97 16224-16397 Sentence denotes In terms of clinical evolution, neither death nor major complications were reported in this study, despite rates of 30.6% for severe pneumonia and 42.4% for hospitalization.
TextSentencer_T97 16224-16397 Sentence denotes In terms of clinical evolution, neither death nor major complications were reported in this study, despite rates of 30.6% for severe pneumonia and 42.4% for hospitalization.
TextSentencer_T97 16224-16397 Sentence denotes In terms of clinical evolution, neither death nor major complications were reported in this study, despite rates of 30.6% for severe pneumonia and 42.4% for hospitalization.
TextSentencer_T98 16398-16496 Sentence denotes There was no statistical difference in the severity of CAP between viral and bacterial infections.
TextSentencer_T98 16398-16496 Sentence denotes There was no statistical difference in the severity of CAP between viral and bacterial infections.
TextSentencer_T98 16398-16496 Sentence denotes There was no statistical difference in the severity of CAP between viral and bacterial infections.
TextSentencer_T99 16497-16644 Sentence denotes Almost all of the children received antibiotics, which was unnecessary in a large proportion of cases (62.4%) for which only viruses were detected.
TextSentencer_T99 16497-16644 Sentence denotes Almost all of the children received antibiotics, which was unnecessary in a large proportion of cases (62.4%) for which only viruses were detected.
TextSentencer_T99 16497-16644 Sentence denotes Almost all of the children received antibiotics, which was unnecessary in a large proportion of cases (62.4%) for which only viruses were detected.
TextSentencer_T100 16645-16806 Sentence denotes This finding raises the question of the systematic use of antimicrobials to treat childhood CAP, which is still recommended in different guidelines [4] [5] [6] .
TextSentencer_T100 16645-16806 Sentence denotes This finding raises the question of the systematic use of antimicrobials to treat childhood CAP, which is still recommended in different guidelines [4] [5] [6] .
TextSentencer_T100 16645-16806 Sentence denotes This finding raises the question of the systematic use of antimicrobials to treat childhood CAP, which is still recommended in different guidelines [4] [5] [6] .
TextSentencer_T101 16807-17027 Sentence denotes The present findings, together with those of others, allowed the identification of a subpopulation of children less than 5 years of age with mild or moderate symptoms for which a viral etiology of CAP is highly probable.
TextSentencer_T101 16807-17027 Sentence denotes The present findings, together with those of others, allowed the identification of a subpopulation of children less than 5 years of age with mild or moderate symptoms for which a viral etiology of CAP is highly probable.
TextSentencer_T101 16807-17027 Sentence denotes The present findings, together with those of others, allowed the identification of a subpopulation of children less than 5 years of age with mild or moderate symptoms for which a viral etiology of CAP is highly probable.
TextSentencer_T102 17028-17095 Sentence denotes This situation represents half of the cases recorded in this study:
TextSentencer_T102 17028-17095 Sentence denotes This situation represents half of the cases recorded in this study:
TextSentencer_T102 17028-17095 Sentence denotes This situation represents half of the cases recorded in this study:
TextSentencer_T103 17096-17236 Sentence denotes 62 children (72.9%) were less than five-years old, and 40 of them presented a mild or moderate CAP, which corresponds to 47.1% of all cases.
TextSentencer_T103 17096-17236 Sentence denotes 62 children (72.9%) were less than five-years old, and 40 of them presented a mild or moderate CAP, which corresponds to 47.1% of all cases.
TextSentencer_T103 17096-17236 Sentence denotes 62 children (72.9%) were less than five-years old, and 40 of them presented a mild or moderate CAP, which corresponds to 47.1% of all cases.
TextSentencer_T104 17237-17456 Sentence denotes The use of a rapid molecular test detecting a large set of viral and bacterial pathogens within 2 or 3 hours, such as that described in [33] , would allow an improvement in the management of the antimicrobial treatment.
TextSentencer_T104 17237-17456 Sentence denotes The use of a rapid molecular test detecting a large set of viral and bacterial pathogens within 2 or 3 hours, such as that described in [33] , would allow an improvement in the management of the antimicrobial treatment.
TextSentencer_T104 17237-17456 Sentence denotes The use of a rapid molecular test detecting a large set of viral and bacterial pathogens within 2 or 3 hours, such as that described in [33] , would allow an improvement in the management of the antimicrobial treatment.
TextSentencer_T105 17457-17805 Sentence denotes In the case of positive result, it would be recommended to avoid the use of amoxicillin as a first-intent therapy (or to prescribe erythromycin in the case of detection of an agent of atypical pneumonia) and to reconsider the use of antimicrobial treatment 24-48 h later according to the clinical evolution and to the results of bacterial cultures.
TextSentencer_T105 17457-17805 Sentence denotes In the case of positive result, it would be recommended to avoid the use of amoxicillin as a first-intent therapy (or to prescribe erythromycin in the case of detection of an agent of atypical pneumonia) and to reconsider the use of antimicrobial treatment 24-48 h later according to the clinical evolution and to the results of bacterial cultures.
TextSentencer_T105 17457-17805 Sentence denotes In the case of positive result, it would be recommended to avoid the use of amoxicillin as a first-intent therapy (or to prescribe erythromycin in the case of detection of an agent of atypical pneumonia) and to reconsider the use of antimicrobial treatment 24-48 h later according to the clinical evolution and to the results of bacterial cultures.
TextSentencer_T106 17806-17944 Sentence denotes Conversely, the negativity of the rapid test would lead to the empiric prescription of amoxicillin, as currently recommended [4] [5] [6] .
TextSentencer_T106 17806-17944 Sentence denotes Conversely, the negativity of the rapid test would lead to the empiric prescription of amoxicillin, as currently recommended [4] [5] [6] .
TextSentencer_T106 17806-17944 Sentence denotes Conversely, the negativity of the rapid test would lead to the empiric prescription of amoxicillin, as currently recommended [4] [5] [6] .
TextSentencer_T107 17945-18181 Sentence denotes It is obvious that this attitude would be dedicated to CAP with mild or moderate symptoms and that CAP with severe presentation at entry should include a systematic probabilistic antimicrobial therapy, whatever the results of PCR assay.
TextSentencer_T107 17945-18181 Sentence denotes It is obvious that this attitude would be dedicated to CAP with mild or moderate symptoms and that CAP with severe presentation at entry should include a systematic probabilistic antimicrobial therapy, whatever the results of PCR assay.
TextSentencer_T107 17945-18181 Sentence denotes It is obvious that this attitude would be dedicated to CAP with mild or moderate symptoms and that CAP with severe presentation at entry should include a systematic probabilistic antimicrobial therapy, whatever the results of PCR assay.
TextSentencer_T108 18182-18347 Sentence denotes The present results are indicative that this strategy could dramatically reduce the proportion of unnecessary antimicrobial treatments in mild or moderate child CAP.
TextSentencer_T108 18182-18347 Sentence denotes The present results are indicative that this strategy could dramatically reduce the proportion of unnecessary antimicrobial treatments in mild or moderate child CAP.
TextSentencer_T108 18182-18347 Sentence denotes The present results are indicative that this strategy could dramatically reduce the proportion of unnecessary antimicrobial treatments in mild or moderate child CAP.
TextSentencer_T109 18348-18515 Sentence denotes Wider studies are needed to prospectively evaluate the benefits of this approach in terms of patient recovery, prevention of antibiotic resistance and medical economy.
TextSentencer_T109 18348-18515 Sentence denotes Wider studies are needed to prospectively evaluate the benefits of this approach in terms of patient recovery, prevention of antibiotic resistance and medical economy.
TextSentencer_T109 18348-18515 Sentence denotes Wider studies are needed to prospectively evaluate the benefits of this approach in terms of patient recovery, prevention of antibiotic resistance and medical economy.
TextSentencer_T110 18516-18720 Sentence denotes The reagents used for the retrospective analysis were funded by a grant from the Medical Association of Pediatricians of the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne for research and studies (ADERPS), France.
TextSentencer_T110 18516-18720 Sentence denotes The reagents used for the retrospective analysis were funded by a grant from the Medical Association of Pediatricians of the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne for research and studies (ADERPS), France.
TextSentencer_T110 18516-18720 Sentence denotes The reagents used for the retrospective analysis were funded by a grant from the Medical Association of Pediatricians of the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne for research and studies (ADERPS), France.
TextSentencer_T111 18721-18845 Sentence denotes from the Medical Association of Paediatrician of the University-Hospital of Saint-Etienne for research and studies (ADERPS).
TextSentencer_T111 18721-18845 Sentence denotes from the Medical Association of Paediatrician of the University-Hospital of Saint-Etienne for research and studies (ADERPS).
TextSentencer_T111 18721-18845 Sentence denotes from the Medical Association of Paediatrician of the University-Hospital of Saint-Etienne for research and studies (ADERPS).