CORD-19-Sentences  

CORD-19:867ebb2be2d466bcb35e5a7319708eaff39c4799 JSONTXT 9 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
TextSentencer_T1 0-117 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial prescribing in Australian hospitals; antimicrobial choice and indications for inappropriate prescribing
TextSentencer_T2 119-127 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T3 128-319 Sentence denotes publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source.
TextSentencer_T4 320-430 Sentence denotes These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
TextSentencer_T5 431-654 Sentence denotes Propensity-score matched analysis comparing clinical benefits of antimicrobial de-escalation and non-switch in adults with community-onset monomicrobial Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, and Proteus mirabilis bacteremia
TextSentencer_T6 656-667 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T7 668-840 Sentence denotes The Hospital National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey is an auditing platform that enables facilities to determine the appropriateness of their antimicrobials prescribing.
TextSentencer_T8 841-950 Sentence denotes All Australian hospitals can participate in the survey which has been collecting prescribing data since 2011.
TextSentencer_T9 951-959 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T10 960-1141 Sentence denotes Data from 385 facilities and 562 surveys which were submitted between January 1st 2015 and December 31st 2016 were analysed and assessed against an appropriateness assessment guide.
TextSentencer_T11 1142-1286 Sentence denotes The top 10 antimicrobials inappropriately prescribed were determined, both as the total of all antimicrobials and percentage of each prescribed.
TextSentencer_T12 1287-1374 Sentence denotes The top 3 indications with the highest rate of inappropriate prespring were determined.
TextSentencer_T13 1375-1383 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T14 1384-1532 Sentence denotes There were 36,502 antimicrobial prescriptions analysed and the top inappropriately prescribed antimicrobial was ceftriaxone with 1123 prescriptions.
TextSentencer_T15 1533-1678 Sentence denotes Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid was the next most inappropriate, with 786 prescriptions, followed by piperacillin-tazobactam, with 575 prescriptions.
TextSentencer_T16 1679-1942 Sentence denotes The antimicrobials with the highest percentage of inappropriate prescribing were cefaclor (58%) Kenacomb (gramicidin-neomycin-nystatin) (56%) and dapsone (50%), although there were only small number of these antimicrobials prescribed, (26, 18 and 2 respectively).
TextSentencer_T17 1943-2026 Sentence denotes The indications for which antimicrobials were most inappropriately prescribed were;
TextSentencer_T18 2027-2493 Sentence denotes • Ceftriaxone; community acquired pneumonia (29%), infective exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (11%) and urinary tract infection (11%) • Amoxycillin-clavulanic acid; community acquired pneumonia (31%), infective exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (20%) and urinary tract infection (10%) • Piperacillin-tazobactam; community acquired pneumonia (14%), hospital acquired pneumonia (10%) and cellulitis/ erysipelas (7%) Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T19 2494-2736 Sentence denotes The antimicrobials that have both high numbers and percentages of inappropriate prescribing are ceftriaxone, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefalexin and azithromycin, which were most inappropriately prescribed for respiratory tract infections.
TextSentencer_T20 2737-2826 Sentence denotes It is evident that these are obvious targets for targeted quality improvement activities.
TextSentencer_T21 2827-2973 Sentence denotes of patients with critical illness, but economical and resistant impact of de-escalation strategies for bloodstream infections was rarely reported.
TextSentencer_T22 2974-2982 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T23 2983-3323 Sentence denotes Patients having community-onset monomicrobial Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, and Proteus mirabilis (EKP) bacteremia and empirically treated by broad-spectrum betalactams, including 3rd-generation cephalosporins (GC), 4th-GC, or carbapenems, were analyzed and categorized according to the antimicrobial spectrum of definitive therapy:
TextSentencer_T24 3324-3471 Sentence denotes 1st-or 2nd-GC (deescalation group), the same agents as empirical antibiotics (noswitch group), and broader-spectrum antibiotics (escalation group).
TextSentencer_T25 3472-3541 Sentence denotes Clinical information was retrospectively collected from chart record.
TextSentencer_T26 3542-3628 Sentence denotes The propensity score was calculated by the independent predictors of 4-week mortality.
TextSentencer_T27 3629-3772 Sentence denotes Patients in the deescalation group were matched on the 1:1 basis with those in the no-switch group by the closest individual propensity scores.
TextSentencer_T28 3773-3781 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T29 3782-3923 Sentence denotes The eligible 454 adults were categorized as the deescalation (231 patients, 50.9%), no-switch (177, 39.0%), and escalation (46, 10.1%) group.
TextSentencer_T30 3924-4099 Sentence denotes In general, those with de-escalation therapy were more females, had less critical illness and less fatal comorbidity, and had a higher survival rate than the other two groups.
TextSentencer_T31 4100-4547 Sentence denotes After appropriate propensity-score matching for the deescalation and no-switch groups, not only critical illness at onset (Pitt bacteremia score ≥ 4; 16.5% vs. 12.7%; P = 0.34) or day 3 (2.5% vs. 2.5%; P = 1.00), and fatal comorbidity (16.5% vs. 21.5%; P = 0.25), but also the time to defervescence (4.6 vs. 4.7 days; P = 0.89), hospital stays (11.5 vs. 10.3 days; P = 0.13), and 4-week (4.4% vs. 4.4%; P = 1.00) crude mortality rate were similar.
TextSentencer_T32 4548-4585 Sentence denotes However, lower antibiotic cost (mean:
TextSentencer_T33 4586-4759 Sentence denotes 212.1 vs. 395.6 US$, P < 0.001) and less complications of bloodstream infections due to resistant pathogens (0% vs. 5.1%, P = 0.004) was observed in the de-escalation group.
TextSentencer_T34 4760-4771 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T35 4772-4962 Sentence denotes For adults with community-onset EKP bacteremia empirically treated by appropriate broad-spectrum beta-lactams, the de-escalation to narrow-spectrum cephalosporins is safe and cost-effective.
TextSentencer_T36 4963-5126 Sentence denotes The establishment of auxiliary mechanisms of intimate reminders improves rational antibiotic utilization Hui-Yun Liang 1 , Iig-Ling Chen 1 , Hung-Jen Tang 1,2,3 *.
TextSentencer_T37 5127-5138 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T38 5139-5261 Sentence denotes Surgery is to have no time to lose, however, how to effectively manage the use of prophylactic antibiotics is a challenge.
TextSentencer_T39 5262-5387 Sentence denotes There is a reminder mechanism but not like the ad window so that users do not want to see the content and just want to close.
TextSentencer_T40 5388-5450 Sentence denotes To multi-oriented check can not affect the conduct of surgery.
TextSentencer_T41 5451-5664 Sentence denotes The establishment of auxiliary mechanisms intimate reminders, and more humane management, Not only can educate the use of the correct concept of antibiotics, but also to improve of rational antibiotic utilization.
TextSentencer_T42 5665-5673 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T43 5674-5836 Sentence denotes First, "Time out" immediately before starting the procedure, include the antibiotic prophylaxis within 1 hour prior to incision, If not, will be asked the reason.
TextSentencer_T44 5837-6131 Sentence denotes Followed by the use of antibiotics in the half-life and surgery time to calculate, and use the music to remind the team to add antibiotics; During the operation, the amount of blood loss, When more than 1000 ml will also be the same way to remind the team to assess and prepare add antibiotics.
TextSentencer_T45 6132-6140 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T46 6141-6295 Sentence denotes Up to now, the antibiotic prophylaxis within 1 hour prior to incision arrivals to 98%; The proportion of antibiotics added to the drug in surgery was 80%.
TextSentencer_T47 6296-6365 Sentence denotes From here, we can see the effectiveness of management is significant.
TextSentencer_T48 6366-6377 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T49 6378-6573 Sentence denotes At the right time to use the appropriate antibiotics to prevent the occurrence of surgical site infection, and we use the intimate reminder to achieve this goal, and improve the patient's safety.
TextSentencer_T50 6574-6720 Sentence denotes Should we continue to implement contact precautions and environmental cleaning for MRSA Hui-Yun Liang 1 , Iig-Ling Chen 1 , Hung-Jen Tang 1,2,3 *.
TextSentencer_T51 6721-6732 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T52 6733-7217 Sentence denotes Increased drug resistance is one of the most important issues of global concern, effective way to stop the transmission of drug-resistant strains must have antibiotics stewardship and isolation protection measures, Strains of MRSA were first found in the 1960s there is evidence that concerted efforts that include surveillance cultures, contact precautions and isolation in hospitals can reduce MRSA, but the implementation of isolation measures need to spend the manpower and costs.
TextSentencer_T53 7218-7510 Sentence denotes According to the TNIS System (Taiwan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System) statistics reported that 51% of MRSA detection, so the implementation of the contact for the hospital Isolation is a great burden, so the policy formulation and implementation is the need for many considerations.
TextSentencer_T54 7511-7519 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T55 7520-7580 Sentence denotes Our hospital for the MRSA patients with standard protection.
TextSentencer_T56 7581-7737 Sentence denotes Beginning in 2016 for the first detection of patients to implement contact isolation, cohorting, and the patient after discharge for the final disinfection.
TextSentencer_T57 7738-8008 Sentence denotes For the first isolated of MRSA patient must immediately check the use of antibiotics and related medical behavior, and the unit who isolated of MRSA to the hand hygiene audit, environment cleaning and disinfection of the joint inspection when the patient was discharged.
TextSentencer_T58 8009-8069 Sentence denotes Weekly fixed view of new cases detected distribution trends.
TextSentencer_T59 8070-8078 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T60 8079-8307 Sentence denotes The number of new cases isolated by MRSA was reduced from about 120 in 2013 to about 75 in 2016, while DID usage density of antibiotics ( per 1000 bed-day-occupancy) has been declined 30%, the Penicillins have been declined 35%.
TextSentencer_T61 8308-8319 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T62 8320-8696 Sentence denotes Through the continuous monitoring of the trend of drug resistance distribution at the same time prudent use of antibiotics and the use of antibiotics stewardship, the most important thing is to implement contact isolation, hand hygiene and medical environment, such as cleaning and disinfection of infection control measures, Reduce the transmission of drugresistant bacteria.
TextSentencer_T63 8697-8877 Sentence denotes Pharmacy efficiency of censor inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions with pharmacist and infection specialist in a community teaching hospital Meei-Shoue Kuo 1 *, Huei-Ming Pan 2 .
TextSentencer_T64 8878-8946 Sentence denotes 1 Pharmacy, St. Joseph Hospital, 2 Home Medicine, St Joseph Hostipal
TextSentencer_T65 8947-8955 Sentence denotes Purpose:
TextSentencer_T66 8956-9157 Sentence denotes Overuse of antibiotics should induce increase number antibiotic resistant bacteria and its side effects, there is evidence to suggest that proper use of antibiotic helps control quality and efficiency.
TextSentencer_T67 9158-9266 Sentence denotes Build up censor mechanisms with pharmacist and infection specialist can increase clinical take care quality.
TextSentencer_T68 9267-9274 Sentence denotes Method:
TextSentencer_T69 9275-9566 Sentence denotes Data were retrospectively collected on 36 items of controlled antibiotics of censor meeting at a community hospital from January to December 2016, A pharmacist analysis appropriate of antibiotic prescriptions within 24 hour, and an infection specialist censor the indication of clinical use.
TextSentencer_T70 9567-9578 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T71 9579-10058 Sentence denotes Total analysis result of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions of pharmacist are 475 cases, ranking of case first item is wrong adjust of renal function 329 cases (69%), not suitable of dose 79 cases(16.6%), incompatible with culture result 21 cases (4.4%), Mistake frequency 14 cases (2.9%), relative laboratory data 11 cases (2.3%), Improper indication 8 case (1.7%), Ignore drug allegic history 5 cases (1.1%), prolong use duration 5 cases (1.1%), side effects 1 case (0.2%).
TextSentencer_T72 10059-10475 Sentence denotes Total analysis result of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions of infection specialist are 622 cases, first item is wrong adjust of renal function 498 cases (80.1%), incompatible with culture result and change to narrow spectrum antibiotics 74 cases (12.1), Improper indication25 cases (25%), use more than 3 kinds of antibiotics12 cases (1.9%), Ignore body weight 8 cases (1.3%), prolonguse duration 1 case (0.2%).
TextSentencer_T73 10476-10630 Sentence denotes Compare result of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions between pharmacist and infection specialist there are same opinion in many ways of total results.
TextSentencer_T74 10631-10639 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T75 10640-11066 Sentence denotes Ranking of result of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions of pharmacist and infection specialist first item is wrong adjust of renal function, although the doctors can adjust antibiotic dose by dose calculate formulars, but during the procedure of censor meeting following within 24 hour after prescription, will helps the doctors use sensible and proper antibiotics and improve communication between pharmacist and doctors.
TextSentencer_T76 11067-11131 Sentence denotes On the other hands, can hoist safety of use antibiotic patients.
TextSentencer_T77 11132-11450 Sentence denotes Prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistant rectal flora in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy: a prospective multicenter study Myung Soo Kim 1 , Eu Chang Hwang 1 , Ho Song Yu 1 , Seung II Jung 1 , Dong Hoon Lim 2 , Won Jin Jo 2 , Hyun Sop Choe 3 , Seung-Ju Lee 3 , Sung Woon Park 4 .
TextSentencer_T78 11451-11722 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea, 2 Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea, 3 The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, Korea, 4 Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea Background:
TextSentencer_T79 11723-11908 Sentence denotes We estimated the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistant rectal flora in patients undergoing repeat transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy and identified high risk groups.
TextSentencer_T80 11909-11917 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T81 11918-12072 Sentence denotes From January 2015 to March 2016 rectal swabs of 557 men from 5 institutions undergoing transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy were obtained.
TextSentencer_T82 12073-12081 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T83 12082-12196 Sentence denotes A total of 268 patients had cultures positive for fluoroquinolone resistant bacteria for an overall rate of 48.1%.
TextSentencer_T84 12197-12323 Sentence denotes The incidence of fluoroquinolone resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production was 48.1% and 11.8%, respectively.
TextSentencer_T85 12324-12422 Sentence denotes The most common FQ-R bacteria was E. coli (81% of total FQ-R bacteria, 39% of total rectal flora).
TextSentencer_T86 12423-12563 Sentence denotes Univariable and multivariable analysis of clinical parameters affecting FQ-R showed no factor associated with FQ resistance of rectal flora.
TextSentencer_T87 12564-12729 Sentence denotes The clinical parameters associated with infectious complications after prostate biopsy were operation history within 6 months (RR 6.60; 95% CI 1.99-21.8, p = 0.002).
TextSentencer_T88 12730-12741 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T89 12742-12967 Sentence denotes Prevalence of FQ-R rectal flora from the rectum before transrectal prostate biopsy was 48.1% and most common FQ-R bacteria was E. coli (39%) However, antibiotic resistance of rectal flora cannot predicted by clinical factors.
TextSentencer_T90 12968-13100 Sentence denotes So Risk based approach cannot recommended and we should consider targeted antibiotic prophylaxis or extended antibiotic prophylaxis.
TextSentencer_T91 13101-13274 Sentence denotes The relationship between antibiotic consumption and antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Wei-Lung Tsai 1 , Meng-Chiao Lin 1 , Chun-Hsiang Yu 2 , Chun-Ming Lee 2 .
TextSentencer_T92 13275-13392 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Pharmacy, St. Joseph's Hospital, 2 Department of Internal Medicine, St. Joseph's Hospital Background:
TextSentencer_T93 13393-13442 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern now.
TextSentencer_T94 13443-13514 Sentence denotes The prevalence of antibiotic resistant species is increasing with time.
TextSentencer_T95 13515-13607 Sentence denotes This makes us to spend more money, more time, and more medical resources to fight with them.
TextSentencer_T96 13608-13723 Sentence denotes Diversify the use of antimicrobial agents seems to be effective in reducing the growth of antimicrobial resistance.
TextSentencer_T97 13724-13732 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T98 13733-13922 Sentence denotes Using retrospective study to evaluate the correlation of anti-pseudomonal antibiotic comsumption and antimicrobial resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa by Pearson's correlation coefficient.
TextSentencer_T99 13923-14007 Sentence denotes The data were collected from a regional hospital in middle Taiwan from 2014 to 2016.
TextSentencer_T100 14008-14112 Sentence denotes Antibiotic use was expressed as DDD(defined daily dose) per 1000 patients-days developed by WHO ATC/DDD.
TextSentencer_T101 14113-14121 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T102 14122-14227 Sentence denotes During the study, the consumption of Ceftazidime, Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin increased significantly.
TextSentencer_T103 14228-14281 Sentence denotes The consumption of Gentamicin and Amikacin decreased.
TextSentencer_T104 14282-14394 Sentence denotes There was no significant change in the consumption of Imipenem/cilastatin, Cefepime and Piperacillin/tazobactam.
TextSentencer_T105 14395-14540 Sentence denotes Susceptibility rates of pseudomonas aeruginosa to Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin and Imipenem/cilastatin were decreases, the others remained stable.
TextSentencer_T106 14541-14730 Sentence denotes The Correlation between antibiotics and their susceptibility was modestly negatively correlated with Ciprofloxacin (r = −0.36, p = 0.034) and Piperacillin/tazobactam (r = −0.40, p = 0.015).
TextSentencer_T107 14731-14838 Sentence denotes The others, although showed negatively correlated, but p-values (>0.05) were not statistically significant.
TextSentencer_T108 14839-14850 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T109 14851-14976 Sentence denotes Our study shows only modestly correlation between anti-pseudomonal antimicrobial usage and pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance.
TextSentencer_T110 14977-15076 Sentence denotes We concluded that the diversity of antibiotic use delayed the antimicrobial resistance development.
TextSentencer_T111 15077-15183 Sentence denotes But with the raising of consumption, susceptibility of pseudomonas aeruginosa to each agent is going down.
TextSentencer_T112 15184-15369 Sentence denotes Therefore, keeping antimicrobial stewardship, diversify the use of antibiotics and good infection control will be important strategies to overcome the problems of antibiotic resistance.
TextSentencer_T113 15370-15496 Sentence denotes Analysis of the C. difficile associated diarrhea and antibiotic use Hui-Yun Liang 1 , Iig-Ling Chen 1 , Hung-Jen Tang 1,2,3 *.
TextSentencer_T114 15497-15508 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T115 15509-15773 Sentence denotes Patients' expectations for antibiotics in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) have been observed to increase antibiotics prescribing in primary care clinics, but the phenomenon is less well understood in time-strapped emergency departments.
TextSentencer_T116 15774-15940 Sentence denotes We sought to assess for non-clinical factors associated with antibiotics prescribing in a 1600-bed adult acute-care hospital's emergency department (ED) in Singapore.
TextSentencer_T117 15941-15949 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T118 15950-16093 Sentence denotes We conducted a cross-sectional study on 250 consecutive patients who presented with uncomplicated URTI at the ED between May 2016 and Feb 2017.
TextSentencer_T119 16094-16248 Sentence denotes An interviewer-administered questionnaire was instituted and the medical records of the participants accessed for information on antibiotics prescription.
TextSentencer_T120 16249-16394 Sentence denotes Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to assess for independent non-clinical factors associated with antibiotics prescribing.
TextSentencer_T121 16395-16403 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T122 16404-16486 Sentence denotes Participants had a mean age of 39.4 (SD 14.9) years and tended to be male (64.0%).
TextSentencer_T123 16487-16558 Sentence denotes Almost half (47.2%) had received diplomaand university-level education.
TextSentencer_T124 16559-16610 Sentence denotes 67.6% had no major pre-existing medical conditions.
TextSentencer_T125 16611-16771 Sentence denotes Antibiotics were prescribed for about one-third (35.2%) of the participants, with amoxycillin-clavulanate being the most commonly prescribed antibiotic (72.7%).
TextSentencer_T126 16772-16964 Sentence denotes Although 117 (46.2%) participants reported that they were expecting to receive antibiotics during the ED visit for their illness, only 18.8% informed their physicians about their expectations.
TextSentencer_T127 16965-17103 Sentence denotes Those who expected to receive antibiotics (41.0%) were more likely than those who didn't (30.1%) to be prescribed antibiotics (P = 0.070).
TextSentencer_T128 17104-17331 Sentence denotes Among those who expected antibiotics, there was no difference in the antibiotics prescribing pattern between those who had informed their physicians about their expectations (36.4%) versus those who had not (42.1%) (P = 0.622).
TextSentencer_T129 17332-17630 Sentence denotes After adjusting for age, pre-existing comorbidities, and presenting complaint of fever, expectations for antibiotics (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 0.94-2.72, P = 0.086) and a higher educational level (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 0.94-2.83, P = 0.085) were marginally-significantly associated with antibiotics prescribing.
TextSentencer_T130 17631-17846 Sentence denotes Majority of participants were satisfied with the consultation at the ED, with no difference in satisfaction levels between those who received (90.9%) versus those who did not receive antibiotics (90.7%) (P = 0.965).
TextSentencer_T131 17847-17858 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T132 17859-18057 Sentence denotes Patients' higher educational levels and expectations for antibiotics, regardless of whether they were explicitly informed to their physicians, were associated with increased antibiotics prescribing.
TextSentencer_T133 18058-18203 Sentence denotes Further studies are warranted to better understand the influence of non-clinical factors such as these on antibiotic prescribing decision making.
TextSentencer_T134 18204-18414 Sentence denotes Investigation the relationships of MDR (multi-drug resistant) pathogens isolated and defined daily dosing (DDD) of antibiotics prescription in one teaching hospital at Mid-Taiwan Chung-Hsin Liao, Frank San Fan.
TextSentencer_T135 18415-18476 Sentence denotes Changhua Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare Background:
TextSentencer_T136 18477-18541 Sentence denotes Chunghua Hospital is a 700-bed available hospital at Mid-Taiwan.
TextSentencer_T137 18542-18626 Sentence denotes It contains the ability of medical, surgical, intensive and long term care facility.
TextSentencer_T138 18627-18742 Sentence denotes MDR pathogens are progressively becoming the major threats to immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised patients.
TextSentencer_T139 18743-18842 Sentence denotes So, we want to investigate the relationships of MDR pathogens and antibiotics used in our hospital.
TextSentencer_T140 18843-18851 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T141 18852-19056 Sentence denotes By way of Tamis System, we retrospectively collect the DDD of 33 inject form of antibiotics (from 7 main classes) and 6 important bacterial (including their MDR companions) during the 1st quarter of 2017.
TextSentencer_T142 19057-19172 Sentence denotes The clinical divisions of antibiotics used and regulatory or nonregulatory antibiotics are stratified and recorded.
TextSentencer_T143 19173-19368 Sentence denotes The important bacterial (including E. coli, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, S. aureus and enterococci) and their MDR companions (CRE, CRPA, CRAB, MRSA, VRE) are collected and analyzed.
TextSentencer_T144 19369-19467 Sentence denotes By way of t-student test, the DDD of antibiotics and the proportion of MDR pathogens are compared.
TextSentencer_T145 19468-19562 Sentence denotes Different cultures of each MDR pathogens are also compared with 7 main classes of antibiotics.
TextSentencer_T146 19563-19571 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T147 19572-19574 Sentence denotes 1.
TextSentencer_T148 19575-19695 Sentence denotes HIV-AIDS infected is no more deadly disease under HAART with well adherence, case management and good quality of life 2.
TextSentencer_T149 19696-19755 Sentence denotes MTR (multiple tablets regimen) is gradually repaced by STR.
TextSentencer_T150 19756-19863 Sentence denotes More and more studies about the outcome, adherence, immunologic recovery and viral suppresion are reported.
TextSentencer_T151 19864-20097 Sentence denotes Bacteremia, antimicrobial resistance and prescription pattern in pediatric patients: prospective observational study in a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan Bai-Xiu Jian 1 , Wen-Liang Lin 2 , Wen-Chuan Lin 2 , Ching-Lan Cheng 1,2 .
TextSentencer_T152 20098-20109 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T153 20110-20188 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial resistance in Taiwan is more studied in adults than in children.
TextSentencer_T154 20189-20391 Sentence denotes This study aims to estimate pediatric antimicrobial resistance, bloodstream infection rates and pathogens, and to describe the antimicrobial prescribing pattern by monthly point prevalence survey (PPS).
TextSentencer_T155 20392-20400 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T156 20401-20585 Sentence denotes We conducted a prospective observational study of all blood cultures reporting studied pathogens from pediatric patients in a tertiary teaching hospital from August 2016 to April 2017.
TextSentencer_T157 20586-20652 Sentence denotes The monthly PPS days were randomly chosen from each month of 2016.
TextSentencer_T158 20653-20793 Sentence denotes Pediatric patients with ongoing antimicrobials on the survey days or who had received antibiotic for surgery on previous days were included.
TextSentencer_T159 20794-20802 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T160 20803-20924 Sentence denotes There were 48 bacteremia isolates from 44 patients enrolled, in which 30 (62.5%) were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic.
TextSentencer_T161 20925-21052 Sentence denotes The most frequent organism was Salmonella species (n = 13) and 85% of them were yeilded from children aged more than 12 months.
TextSentencer_T162 21053-21106 Sentence denotes E. coli (n = 9) was most frequent resistant organism.
TextSentencer_T163 21107-21194 Sentence denotes The susceptibility to ampicillin/sulbactam and cefazolin was 11% and 22%, respectively.
TextSentencer_T164 21195-21252 Sentence denotes PPS were conducted in 2 ICU and 1 general pediatric ward.
TextSentencer_T165 21253-21322 Sentence denotes 371 (65%) of 573 eligible person-times were prescribed antimicrobial.
TextSentencer_T166 21323-21424 Sentence denotes 645 antimicrobials were prescribed ( Fig. 1 ), in which 71% were for therapy and 29% for prophylaxis.
TextSentencer_T167 21425-21497 Sentence denotes The most presribed for prophylaxis were sulfonamides/trimethoprim (31%).
TextSentencer_T168 21498-21579 Sentence denotes Combination of penicillins were most prescribed for therapeutic indication (28%).
TextSentencer_T169 21580-21654 Sentence denotes The most common indication for therapeutic antimicrobials was LRTIs (22%).
TextSentencer_T170 21655-21666 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T171 21667-21797 Sentence denotes Our hospital in Tangerang District, Indonesia has an Antimicrobial Restricted Antimicrobial Program (ARCP) implemented since 2015.
TextSentencer_T172 21798-21919 Sentence denotes The rate of bacteria drug-resistance and their antimicrobial susceptibility are extremely crucial to enhance the program.
TextSentencer_T173 21920-22150 Sentence denotes Therefore, through this study, we have shared information about the susceptibilty of 11 (eleven) broad-spectrum antibiotics, including carbapenems, fourth generation cephalosporines, glycylcycline, glycopeptide, and oxazolidinone.
TextSentencer_T174 22151-22159 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T175 22160-22394 Sentence denotes Limitations of broad-spectrum antibiotics therapy are applied to inpatients and outpatients in order to supervise and control prescribing systems by requesting integrated and enclosed information such as clinical and relevant reasons.
TextSentencer_T176 22395-22502 Sentence denotes Futhermore, the rationale for antibiotics utilization should be shown comprehensively in the form provided.
TextSentencer_T177 22503-22586 Sentence denotes Our data were extracted from July 2015 and December 2016 data base retrospectively.
TextSentencer_T178 22587-22595 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T179 22596-22690 Sentence denotes A total of 420 cases of infection, 284 (67.6%) were multidrug resistant gram negatif bacteria.
TextSentencer_T180 22691-22856 Sentence denotes The most common pathogens were Acinetobacter baumanii (23.1%), Klebsiella pneumonia (22.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.8%), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (8,6%).
TextSentencer_T181 22857-22995 Sentence denotes An increasing susceptibility trend for gram negative bacteria (GNB) was noticed in almost all groups of broad-spectrum antibiotic (5-14%).
TextSentencer_T182 22996-23282 Sentence denotes The drug susceptibility between July 2015 and December 2016 were cefepime (40%, 30%, 48%); cefpirome (45%, 40%, 58%); carbapenems (69%, 65%, 75%); tigecycline (62%, 65%, 67%); piperacillin/tazobactam (52%, 58%, 61%); cefoperazone/sulbactam (81%, 72%, 86%); and amikacin (63%, 64%, 77%).
TextSentencer_T183 23283-23443 Sentence denotes In the other side, the susceptibilty level of linezolide and vancomycin against gram positif bacteria, Staphylococci and Streptococci remained the same at 100%.
TextSentencer_T184 23444-23455 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T185 23456-23607 Sentence denotes Our results present the tendency towards improving susceptibility level of broad-spectrum antibiotics, although the number of MDR-GNB still quite high.
TextSentencer_T186 23608-23708 Sentence denotes Outcome of pharmacist interventions on antibiotics use Yung-Ming Huang, Yi-Shan Chen, Tsai-Yen Liu*.
TextSentencer_T187 23709-23830 Sentence denotes Department of Pharmacy, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C Background:
TextSentencer_T188 23831-23894 Sentence denotes The launch of a new antibiotic has become rare in recent years.
TextSentencer_T189 23895-24016 Sentence denotes This is impacting the therapeutic options to treat infections caused by multidrug-or extensively drug-resistant bacteria.
TextSentencer_T190 24017-24135 Sentence denotes As a response to these challenges, optimal use of antibiotics, control the resistance rate is now we need to confront.
TextSentencer_T191 24136-24144 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T192 24145-24360 Sentence denotes Pharmacists participated the Committee of Antibiotics and Infectious Disease Control and implemented some means such as direct interventions, educations, and routine evaluation to improve utilization of antibiotics.
TextSentencer_T193 24361-24545 Sentence denotes IT (Information Technology) was set up to screen each second-line antibiotics prescription and also provided real-time recommendation for poor renal function patients' dose adjustment.
TextSentencer_T194 24546-24697 Sentence denotes The consumption of antibiotics (counted by Defined Daily Dose, DDD) and the resistance rate are reported and evaluated every month and every half year.
TextSentencer_T195 24698-24709 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T196 24710-24946 Sentence denotes To prevent increasing antibiotic resistance among microbes, antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) has been performed in the outpatient clinic (OPD), wards and surgical prophylaxis, but the emergency department (ED) has not been included.
TextSentencer_T197 24947-25036 Sentence denotes However, empiric antibiotics have often been prescribed to patients during their ED stay.
TextSentencer_T198 25037-25137 Sentence denotes Previous publications addressed that initial prescriptions applied in ED often be continued in ward.
TextSentencer_T199 25138-25300 Sentence denotes As a result, we compare the differences of initial antibiotic regimens between ED and ward to evaluate whether the empiric antibiotics has been continued in ward.
TextSentencer_T200 25301-25309 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T201 25310-25400 Sentence denotes We conducted retrospective review of medical records within March 1, 2016 to May 31, 2016.
TextSentencer_T202 25401-25556 Sentence denotes Those records belonged to patients of age less than 18, patients who were not admitted and those without any antibiotic as part of treatment were excluded.
TextSentencer_T203 25557-25715 Sentence denotes The initial antibiotics prescribed in ED, the grade of medical staffs who prescribe antibiotics in ward and the initial antibiotic used in ward were recorded.
TextSentencer_T204 25716-25848 Sentence denotes We made judgement as consistence, deescalation or escalation of antibiotics by comparison of initial antibiotic between ED and ward.
TextSentencer_T205 25849-25912 Sentence denotes IBM SPSS version 22 (2013) was used as the statistics software.
TextSentencer_T206 25913-25921 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T207 25922-25994 Sentence denotes During the study period, 604 medical records were included and reviewed.
TextSentencer_T208 25995-26225 Sentence denotes The medical staffs who prescribed initial antibiotics in wards consisted of post-grade year one (PGY-1), residents of first to fifth year (R1-R5) and nurse specialists (NP) who made prescriptions under guidance of visiting staffs.
TextSentencer_T209 26226-26334 Sentence denotes The proportion of PGY-1, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 were 14.9%, 35%, 30.9%, 13.9%, 4.8%, 0.7% and 0.8% respectively.
TextSentencer_T210 26335-26499 Sentence denotes Among the antibiotic prescribed in ward, the proportion of consistence, escalation and de-escalation in comparison with ED were 69.7%, 16.9% and 13.2% respectively.
TextSentencer_T211 26500-26695 Sentence denotes In consideration of grades of staffs in wards who applied the same antibiotic as in ED, there were 80.57% of PGY-1, 75% of R4, 70.89% of R2, 69.9% of R1, 60% of R5, 52.27% of NP and 37.93% of R3.
TextSentencer_T212 26696-26820 Sentence denotes The antibiotic ordered by PGY-1 has significantly high coherent rate to ED ( p < 0.05) in comparison with R3, R2, R1 and NP.
TextSentencer_T213 26821-26832 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T214 26833-26942 Sentence denotes Antibiotics prescribed in ED, as other medications, had been continued in wards around 80% by junior doctors.
TextSentencer_T215 26943-26995 Sentence denotes As a result, implantation of ASP in ED is important.
TextSentencer_T216 26996-27187 Sentence denotes Evaluation of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescription in a Tunisian infectious diseases department Adnene Toumi*, Ikbel Kooli, Abir Aouam, Hajer Ben Brahim, Chawki Loussaief, Mohamed Chakroun.
TextSentencer_T217 27188-27271 Sentence denotes Department of Infectious Diseases, UR 12SP41, Monastir University Hospital, Tunisia
TextSentencer_T218 27272-27283 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T219 27284-27400 Sentence denotes The emergence of bacterial resistance is a public health problem, leading to broad-spectrum antibiotic prescription.
TextSentencer_T220 27401-27533 Sentence denotes Consequently, particular attention must be paid to broad-spectrum antibiotic prescription, in order to preserve their effectiveness.
TextSentencer_T221 27534-27610 Sentence denotes In our hospital, no recommendation exists for broad-spectrum antibiotic use.
TextSentencer_T222 27611-27780 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to describe the modalities of broad spectrum antibiotic prescriptions in an infectious diseases department and confront them to the guidelines.
TextSentencer_T223 27781-27789 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T224 27790-28026 Sentence denotes We carried out a professional practice evaluation to assess broad-spectrum antibiotic prescriptions made at the infectious diseases department (Fattouma Bourguiba teaching hospital, Monastir, Tunisia), between January and December 2016.
TextSentencer_T225 28027-28150 Sentence denotes We evaluate 6 broad-spectrum antibiotics: imipenem, ertapenem, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycoside, tigecycline and colimycin.
TextSentencer_T226 28151-28255 Sentence denotes Evaluation was done by two infectious disease specialist based on national and international guidelines.
TextSentencer_T227 28256-28264 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T228 28265-28322 Sentence denotes Ninety eight prescriptions were included for 95 patients.
TextSentencer_T229 28323-28363 Sentence denotes The mean age was 53 years (14-84 years).
TextSentencer_T230 28364-28383 Sentence denotes Sex ratio was 0.86.
TextSentencer_T231 28384-28515 Sentence denotes Broadspectrum antibiotics were mostly used for skin infections in 41 cases (41.8%) and urinary tract infection in 33 cases (33.7%).
TextSentencer_T232 28516-28617 Sentence denotes It was community acquired infections in 90 cases (91.8%) and nosocomial infections in 8 cases (8.2%).
TextSentencer_T233 28618-28672 Sentence denotes Antibiotic combinations were used in 68 cases (69.4%).
TextSentencer_T234 28673-28743 Sentence denotes The broad-spectrum antibiotic was first line prescribed in 58 (59.2%).
TextSentencer_T235 28744-28800 Sentence denotes Prescriptions were documented only in 24 cases (24.58%).
TextSentencer_T236 28801-28892 Sentence denotes Extended-spectrum betalactamase producing Escherichia coli was isolated in 7 cases (25.9%).
TextSentencer_T237 28893-29091 Sentence denotes Fluoroquinolones were used in 64 cases (65.3%), imipenem in 15 cases (15.3%), aminoglycoside in 8 cases (8.1%), colimycin in 6 cases (6.1%), tigecycline in 2 cases (2%) and ertapenem in 1 case (1%).
TextSentencer_T238 29092-29163 Sentence denotes Broadspectrum antibiotic usage was judged adequate in 65 cases (66.3%).
TextSentencer_T239 29164-29312 Sentence denotes Otherwise, antibiotic duration was adequate in 89 cases (90.9%), posology in 97 cases (99%) and the use antibiotic combinations in 40 cases (57.1%).
TextSentencer_T240 29313-29415 Sentence denotes Twenty-six cases (26.8%) of the initial prescriptions seemed to be adapted to the identified bacteria.
TextSentencer_T241 29416-29427 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T242 29428-29526 Sentence denotes In our department, global evaluation showed that more than third of prescriptions were inadequate.
TextSentencer_T243 29527-29638 Sentence denotes Moreover, broad-spectrum antibiotics were prescribed in communityacquired infections in more than 90% of cases.
TextSentencer_T244 29639-29877 Sentence denotes In order to improve the quality of broad-spectrum prescriptions, standardized protocols must be implemented, supervised by an antibiotic stewardship team. study was to evaluate the stability of daptomycin in serum at various temperatures.
TextSentencer_T245 29878-29886 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T246 29887-30068 Sentence denotes Daptomycin serum samples were prepared and stored long-term in a refrigerator (4°C) or in freezers (−80°C and −20°C), as well as at assumed body temperatures (35°C, 37°C, and 39°C).
TextSentencer_T247 30069-30175 Sentence denotes The stability of daptomycin under various conditions was evaluated by repeatedly measuring concentrations.
TextSentencer_T248 30176-30184 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T249 30185-30419 Sentence denotes Although the decrease of daptomycin concentration in serum samples stored in freezers was less than 10% after 168 days (6 months), the concentrations in samples stored in a refrigerator decreased by more than 70% over the same period.
TextSentencer_T250 30420-30568 Sentence denotes Furthermore, daptomycin concentrations in serum samples stored at close to body temperature decreased by more than 50% after only 24 h ( Figure 1 ).
TextSentencer_T251 30569-30716 Sentence denotes The rate of daptomycin elimination from serum samples increased with the rise of temperature, especially under conditions that assumed living body.
TextSentencer_T252 30718-30935 Sentence denotes The results of the present study demonstrate that the measurement of serum concentrations of daptomycin needs to be performed rapidly or the samples collected from patients should be stored in freezers until analysis.
TextSentencer_T253 30936-31051 Sentence denotes At close to body temperatures, daptomycin was unstable and its stability was affected by variations in temperature.
TextSentencer_T254 31052-31165 Sentence denotes The daptomycin elimination from living body and its pharmacokinetics may be affected by the instability in serum.
TextSentencer_T255 31166-31216 Sentence denotes Hsin-Wen Ko 1 , Wei-Jen Chen 1 , Shu-Wen Lin 1,2 .
TextSentencer_T256 31217-31361 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, 2 Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Background:
TextSentencer_T257 31362-31473 Sentence denotes The therapeutic range and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of vancomycin have been addressed in many researches.
TextSentencer_T258 31474-31624 Sentence denotes To ensure the optimal antibacterial efficacy and to avoid the potential toxicities, various dosing methods have been developed for non-obese patients.
TextSentencer_T259 31625-31705 Sentence denotes However, the available information is scant when it comes to the obese patients.
TextSentencer_T260 31706-31844 Sentence denotes In our study, we aimed to analyze the data from a medical center in order to further improve the current dosing method for obese patients.
TextSentencer_T261 31845-31853 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T262 31854-31983 Sentence denotes In our hospital, a vancomycin dosing calculator based on the Bauer's method was built to assist pharmacists in dosing vancomycin.
TextSentencer_T263 31984-32124 Sentence denotes The essential information, included patient profile, predicted PK parameters, and measured concentrations, was documented in a fixed format.
TextSentencer_T264 32125-32179 Sentence denotes We retrospectively collected all the records from Jan.
TextSentencer_T265 32180-32197 Sentence denotes 2016 to May 2017.
TextSentencer_T266 32198-32254 Sentence denotes The definition of obesity is body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2.
TextSentencer_T267 32255-32348 Sentence denotes All adults (≥18 years old) with at least 1 measured steady state trough levels were included.
TextSentencer_T268 32349-32510 Sentence denotes During treatment period, patients who had acute kidney injury, serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL, dialysis, concomitant use of mannitol, or missing data were excluded.
TextSentencer_T269 32511-32700 Sentence denotes To measure the performance of this dosing calculator in obese patients, the percentage of patients whose predicted Ctrough was within 2.5 and 5.0 mg/L from measured Ctrough were calculated.
TextSentencer_T270 32701-32709 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T271 32710-32751 Sentence denotes Overall, 69 obese patients were included.
TextSentencer_T272 32752-32873 Sentence denotes Sixty-two percent of obese patients whose trough concentration fell into the range of 10 to 20 mg/L after initial dosing.
TextSentencer_T273 32874-33016 Sentence denotes The mean dose per kg for those who achieved the levels of 10-20 was significantly lower in obese patients (9.7 mg/kg Q8H and 11.0 mg/kg Q12H).
TextSentencer_T274 33017-33294 Sentence denotes Comparing the difference between predicted and measured concentrations, 35.2% of obese patients had the predicted concentrations that are within 2.5 mg/L from measured concentrations; 66.2% had the predicted concentrations that are within 5.0 mg/L from measured concentrations.
TextSentencer_T275 33295-33306 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T276 33307-33487 Sentence denotes Lower dose per kg was needed to achieve therapeutic range in obese patients which may imply the PK change of vancomycin clearance doesn't correlate linearly with total body weight.
TextSentencer_T277 33488-33645 Sentence denotes Therefore, when empirically giving the guideline recommended initial dose of 30-45 mg/kg/day, lower daily dose per kg might be considered for obese patients.
TextSentencer_T278 33646-33800 Sentence denotes The performance of our calculator in obese patients was well comparable to that in nonobese patients. and epidermal lesion due to toxidermia in all cases.
TextSentencer_T279 33801-34052 Sentence denotes Drugs imputability was established by pharmacovigilance investigation: allopurinol (n = 6), salazopirin (n = 3), carbamazepine (n = 3), ceftazidime (n = 2), ampicillin (n = 2), meglumine antimoniate (n = 1), cefotaxime (n = 1) and lamotrigine (n = 1).
TextSentencer_T280 34053-34191 Sentence denotes The discontinuation of the incriminated drug was indicated in all cases with good progress without prescription of corticosteroid therapy.
TextSentencer_T281 34192-34203 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T282 34204-34326 Sentence denotes Our study showed that drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe and rare disease.
TextSentencer_T283 34327-34382 Sentence denotes Clinically, It seems to be an autoimmune-like reaction.
TextSentencer_T284 34383-34432 Sentence denotes Corticotherapy should not be systematically used.
TextSentencer_T285 34433-34497 Sentence denotes Early diagnosis allows an adequate care and a favorable outcome.
TextSentencer_T286 34498-34600 Sentence denotes Effect of antimicrobials and antifungals against human drugmetabolizing cytochromes P450 Toshiro Niwa.
TextSentencer_T287 34601-34652 Sentence denotes School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University Background:
TextSentencer_T288 34653-34789 Sentence denotes Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are a superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous chemicals.
TextSentencer_T289 34790-34931 Sentence denotes Although CYP2C subfamilies (CYP2C8/9/19) share more than 82% amino acid sequence identity, they have rather distinct substrate specificities.
TextSentencer_T290 34932-35012 Sentence denotes Piperacillin, a penicillin-based antibiotic, is partially metabolized by CYP2C8.
TextSentencer_T291 35013-35132 Sentence denotes CYP3A4 is the predominant form expressed in the human liver and intestine, whereas CYP3A5 is expressed polymorphically.
TextSentencer_T292 35133-35264 Sentence denotes Azole antifungals inhibit CYPs including CYP3A4, and macrolide-based antibiotics exhibit mechanism-based inhibition against CYP3A4.
TextSentencer_T293 35265-35407 Sentence denotes However, there have been a few reports describing the effect of these antimicrobials and antifungals on human drugmetabolizing CYP activities.
TextSentencer_T294 35408-35535 Sentence denotes Methods: CYP2C8/9/19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4/5 expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli (Bactosomes) were obtained from Cypex Ltd.
TextSentencer_T295 35536-35710 Sentence denotes Aminopyrine N-demethylation, tolbutamide hydroxylation, dopamine formation from p-tyramine, and testosterone 6βhydroxlation activities were determined as reported previously.
TextSentencer_T296 35711-35719 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T297 35720-36028 Sentence denotes Inhibition of amoxicillin, ampicillin, and piperacillin at 0.5 or 1 mM concentration was not observed for CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, however, amoxicillin and piperacillin inhibited CYP2C8-mediated aminopyrine N-demethylation at 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 0.83 and 1.14 mM, respectively.
TextSentencer_T298 36029-36282 Sentence denotes The predicted free fractions of the maximum inflow concentration of the inhibitors into the liver calculated with reported pharmacokinetic parameters are much lower than the concentration investigated in this study and estimated IC 50 values for CYP2C8.
TextSentencer_T299 36283-36624 Sentence denotes Although fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole at a concentration of 2 or 10 µM neither inhibited nor stimulated CYP2C8mediated aminopyrine N-demethylation activity, ketoconazole and miconazole noncompetitively inhibited CYP2C8-mediated aminopyrine N-demethylation with the inhibitory constant values of 1.98 and 0.86 µM, respectively.
TextSentencer_T300 36625-36790 Sentence denotes Erythromycin inhibited CYP3A4mediated testosterone 6β-hydroxylation preincubation-timedependently but had little influence on the CYP3A5-mediated metabolic activity.
TextSentencer_T301 36791-36802 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T302 36803-36963 Sentence denotes The interactions between these three penicillin-based antibiotics and other drugs that are metabolized by CYPs investigated would not be clinically significant.
TextSentencer_T303 36964-37050 Sentence denotes Ketoconazole and miconazole might inhibit CYP2C8 in addition to other CYPs clinically.
TextSentencer_T304 37051-37284 Sentence denotes resistant Gram positive pathogens, such as S. pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus, will be used to assess in vitro resistance development to nemonoxacin, in comparison to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin.
TextSentencer_T305 37285-37293 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T306 37294-37687 Sentence denotes Four strains of each bacterial species, include S. pneumoniae (one will be penicillin resistant S. pneumoniae), Staphylococcus aureus (one will be methicillin resistant S. aureus), Enterococcus faecium (one will be vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium) and Enterococcus faecalis (one will be ampicillin resistant Enterococcus faecalis) will be isolated for testing from patient specimens.
TextSentencer_T307 37688-37796 Sentence denotes All clinical isolates will be confirmed wild-type at GyrA, GyrB and ParC, ParE before further in-vitro test.
TextSentencer_T308 37797-37868 Sentence denotes A stepwise resistance selection will be conducted at 1×, 2× and 4× MIC.
TextSentencer_T309 37869-37946 Sentence denotes DNA sequencing for the QRDR of gyrase and topoisomerase genes were performed.
TextSentencer_T310 37947-37955 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T311 37956-38208 Sentence denotes Inducible in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test for ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and nemonoxacin against each three different strains of Staphylococcua aurues, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
TextSentencer_T312 38209-38267 Sentence denotes Nemonoxacin has shown the lowest MIC among all quinolones.
TextSentencer_T313 38268-38521 Sentence denotes For example, the MICs of three S. aureus strains are 0.03, 0.06, 0.03 μg/ mL for nemonoxacin, compared with 0.016, 0.125, 0.047 μg/mL for moxifloxacin, 0.125, 0.19, 0.19 μg/mL for levofloxacin, and 0.19, 0.38, 0.25 μg/mL for ciprofloxacin, respectively.
TextSentencer_T314 38522-38621 Sentence denotes In the MIC inducible test, nemonoxacin has shown low resistance potential after quinolone exposure.
TextSentencer_T315 38622-38770 Sentence denotes The MICs of nemonoxacin did not increase for S. aureus, E. faecium, E. feacalis and 4-fold increase of S. pneumoniae over three cycles of selection.
TextSentencer_T316 38771-38782 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T317 38783-38970 Sentence denotes Our in vitro inducible antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that nemonoxacin has a low propensity for selecting resistant Gram positive pathogens compared to other fluoroquinolones.
TextSentencer_T318 38971-39033 Sentence denotes Chu-Chung Lin*, Hung-Chuan Chen, Chia-Hui Wang, Chiayn Chiang.
TextSentencer_T319 39034-39079 Sentence denotes TaiGen Biotechonolgy Co., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
TextSentencer_T320 39080-39091 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T321 39092-39223 Sentence denotes The increasing of multidrug resistance in serious Gram-negative bacterial pathogens has posted an emerging threat to public health.
TextSentencer_T322 39224-39360 Sentence denotes Novel targets or mechanisms of action against multidrug resistance are needed to avoid the preexisting antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
TextSentencer_T323 39361-39550 Sentence denotes Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and serves as a permeability barrier that protects the bacterium from many antibiotics.
TextSentencer_T324 39551-39697 Sentence denotes For most GNB, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and members of the Enterobacteriaceae, the inability to synthesize the LPS has a bactericidal effect.
TextSentencer_T325 39698-39809 Sentence denotes And thus the interference of LPS assembly by a small molecule inhibitor would result in antibacterial activity.
TextSentencer_T326 39810-40010 Sentence denotes The UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (LpxC), encoded by lpxC, is an essential enzyme that controls the first committed step in LPS biosynthesis in Gram-negative bacteria.
TextSentencer_T327 40011-40061 Sentence denotes Moreover, there is no counterpart enzyme in human.
TextSentencer_T328 40062-40070 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T329 40071-40209 Sentence denotes Through computer-aid drug design and rational drug design, TaiGen has discovered a proprietary series of selective potent LpxC inhibitors.
TextSentencer_T330 40210-40218 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T331 40219-40492 Sentence denotes In this report, we demonstrated a novel class of LpxC inhibitors showed good and equal potencies against P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia and E. coli in bacterial growth inhibition assay (MIC: <1 ug/mL) and reduced LPS biosynthesis (LpxC enzyme assays IC: <50 nM) significantly.
TextSentencer_T332 40493-40504 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T333 40505-40640 Sentence denotes Our novel chemical class of LpxC inhibitors provide the potential as new antibacterial agents for treatment of Gramnegative infections.
TextSentencer_T334 40641-40819 Sentence denotes In vitro killing curves of tedizolid and linezolid against clinical strains isolated from patients in China Shan Wang, Yun Li, Yuan Lyu*, Feng Xue, Jian Liu, Wei Yang, Jia Zhang.
TextSentencer_T335 40820-40911 Sentence denotes Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
TextSentencer_T336 40912-40923 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T337 40924-41229 Sentence denotes Tedizolid is a novel antibacterial oxazolidinone derivative, which is approved in both oral and intravenous formulation for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection with Gram-positive pathogens (including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] ) in certain countries.
TextSentencer_T338 41230-41373 Sentence denotes This study determined the in vitro killing activity of tedizolid and linezolid against recent clinical strains isolated from patients in China.
TextSentencer_T339 41374-41382 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T340 41383-41595 Sentence denotes Time-kill curves were generated for recent clinical isolates of MRSA, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae [PRSP] , and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis [LREF] , using also ATCC control strains.
TextSentencer_T341 41596-41732 Sentence denotes Bacterial cultures (inoculated at approximately 1 × 10 6 CFU/mL) were grown at 35°C in the appropriate liquid medium for up to 24 hours.
TextSentencer_T342 41733-41997 Sentence denotes Tedizolid and linezolid were added to cultures at baseline, at clinically relevant concentrations based upon standard dosage for humans (200 mg once-daily and 600 mg twice-daily respectively), and also based upon recent minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data.
TextSentencer_T343 41998-42117 Sentence denotes Samples were removed at fixed time points, plated onto standard culture medium and then incubated at 35°C for 18 hours.
TextSentencer_T344 42118-42200 Sentence denotes Curves were plotted using the colony counting method, based on CLSI Guideline M26.
TextSentencer_T345 42201-42209 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T346 42210-42246 Sentence denotes Key data are displayed in the table.
TextSentencer_T347 42247-42390 Sentence denotes The control and clinical strains were susceptible to both drugs, except a linezolid-resistant E. faecalis clinical strain had an MIC = 8 µg/mL.
TextSentencer_T348 42391-42555 Sentence denotes Tedizolid and linezolid displayed notable bactericidal effects against PRSP and bacteriostatic inhibitory effect against MRSA at clinically relevant concentrations.
TextSentencer_T349 42556-42639 Sentence denotes Against LREF, both drugs exerted an inhibitory effect independent of concentration.
TextSentencer_T350 42640-42651 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T351 42652-42805 Sentence denotes Tedizolid exerted a greater bactericidal effect than linezolid against streptococcal species in vitro and exerted a bacteriostatic against MRSA and LREF.
TextSentencer_T352 42806-42817 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T353 42818-42964 Sentence denotes During the last decade, colistin ( polymyxin E) has been used as the last line defense against infections caused by multidrug resistant pathogens.
TextSentencer_T354 42965-43178 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, the re-use of this drug has been obviously followed by the emergence of colistin resistance, mediated by chromosomic gene mutations into pmrA/ pmrB, phoP/PhoQ, ccrA/ccrB, lpxA, lpxC, lpxD, and mgrB.
TextSentencer_T355 43179-43389 Sentence denotes These mutations induce a complex gene regulation cascade leading to the synthesis and addition of the 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N) to lipid A of the membrane inducing therefore the colistin resistance.
TextSentencer_T356 43390-43500 Sentence denotes However, in 2015, it has been described for the first time, a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1.
TextSentencer_T357 43501-43564 Sentence denotes Nowadays, a worldwide dissemination of mcr-1 has been reported.
TextSentencer_T358 43565-43636 Sentence denotes Here, using a phylogeny approach, we investigate the mcr-1 gene origin.
TextSentencer_T359 43637-43645 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T360 43646-43723 Sentence denotes All described mcr-1-harboring plasmids were collected from the NCBI database.
TextSentencer_T361 43724-43785 Sentence denotes Plasmid typing was performed from PlasmidFinder 1.3 database.
TextSentencer_T362 43786-43841 Sentence denotes The sizes and %GC content were estimated using infoseq.
TextSentencer_T363 43842-43906 Sentence denotes Homologous sequences of MCR-1 were collected by BlastP analysis.
TextSentencer_T364 43907-43967 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MAFT and FastTree.
TextSentencer_T365 43968-44138 Sentence denotes The "Rhizome" analysis of MCR-1 was performed by segmented this latter into 10 fragments of 50 amino acids, and then phylogenetic analysis of each fragment was conducted.
TextSentencer_T366 44139-44147 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T367 44148-44298 Sentence denotes Comparative genomics of the 59 mcr-1-harboring plasmids reveals a wide diversity of these latter composed by different incompatibility plasmid groups.
TextSentencer_T368 44299-44455 Sentence denotes These plasmids can be distinguished into three groups according to their sizes ranged from 6.36-Kb to 369.3-Kb and their %GC content ranged from 41% to 50%.
TextSentencer_T369 44456-44534 Sentence denotes They are identified into several Enterobacteriaceae and Gramnegative bacteria.
TextSentencer_T370 44535-44709 Sentence denotes Mcr-1 gene is shared by all plasmids and located into a transposon (3'442-bp; 46 .34%GC) composed by an insertion sequence ISApl1, mcr-1, and a sulfatase encoding gene, pap2.
TextSentencer_T371 44710-44785 Sentence denotes The blastP analysis reveals a total of 9'025 homologous sequences to MCR-1.
TextSentencer_T372 44786-44920 Sentence denotes The phylogenetic analysis of these sequences reveals a huge number of phosphoethanolamine transferases within the Campylobacter genus.
TextSentencer_T373 44921-45085 Sentence denotes Moreover, this analysis reveals that the most closely related homologous sequences to MCR-1 were those identified in Moraxella species, with high similarity (≥98%).
TextSentencer_T374 45086-45345 Sentence denotes This finding was confirmed by a "Rhizome" analysis of MCR-1 which clearly shows that this latter is a chimeric sequence from Moraxella catarrhalis, Moraxella pluranimalium, and Psychrobacter urativorans and the most part of the gene was from M. pluranimalium.
TextSentencer_T375 45346-45357 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T376 45358-45422 Sentence denotes Mcr-1 gene is disseminated and transmitted through a transposon.
TextSentencer_T377 45423-45508 Sentence denotes Campylobacter could be potential source of new phosphoethanolamine transferase genes.
TextSentencer_T378 45509-45589 Sentence denotes The origin of this mcr-1 gene was Moraxella genus, especially, M. pluranimalium.
TextSentencer_T379 45590-45774 Sentence denotes Identification of the molecular support of the intrinsic resistance to colistin in Proteus vulgaris by a genomic comparative approach and in vitro tests Sophie Baron, Jean Marc Rolain.
TextSentencer_T380 45775-45786 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T381 45787-45949 Sentence denotes For several years, facing, colistin has been used as the last line antimicrobial drug for the treatment of multi-drug resistant Gram negative bacteria infections.
TextSentencer_T382 45950-46176 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, the renewed interest for this antimicrobial peptide led to the emergence of acquired resistance especially in Enterobacteriaceae, but also the increase of infections due to intrinsic colistin-resistant bacteria.
TextSentencer_T383 46177-46276 Sentence denotes Mechanisms of resistance to colistin are complex and misunderstood, particularly in these bacteria.
TextSentencer_T384 46277-46586 Sentence denotes While all Proteus bacteria are naturally resistant to colistin, we were surprised to recently isolate a P. vulgaris clinical strain susceptible to colistin, and we propose in this work to understand the molecular support of colistin resistance in this species by a comparative genomic and phenotypic approach.
TextSentencer_T385 46587-46595 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T386 46596-46815 Sentence denotes Genomes of P. vulgaris susceptible strain CSUR P1868_S and a resistant one CSUR P1867_R were sequenced and compared to select groups of interesting genes that were absent, truncated or mutated in the susceptible strain.
TextSentencer_T387 46816-47048 Sentence denotes Among the group of mutated genes, we selected those that were already known to be putatively involved in antimicrobial peptide resistance and we realized a SIFT score to predict the probability mutation could alter protein function.
TextSentencer_T388 47049-47223 Sentence denotes Use of electronic microscopy and lipid A analysis by mass spectrometry after lipid A extraction help us to understand pathways involved in colistin susceptibility/resistance.
TextSentencer_T389 47224-47232 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T390 47233-47354 Sentence denotes Genome of CSUR P1868_S was 4.28 Mb in length with a GC content of 37.8% whereas CSUR P1867_R genome was 3.9 Mb and 38.1%.
TextSentencer_T391 47355-47505 Sentence denotes It contained numerous resistant genes particularly against aminosides, β-lactamines, fluoroquinolones, and cotrimoxazole, carried by various plasmids.
TextSentencer_T392 47506-47793 Sentence denotes We found significant difference in outer membrane glycoside structures in the susceptible and resistant strains, and this was corroborated by MALDI-TOF analysis, which showed the absence of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N) in outer membrane lipid A moiety of the susceptible strain.
TextSentencer_T393 47794-47967 Sentence denotes Comparative genomic analysis with others resistant strains of Proteus vulgaris available in local database found mutation in arnBCADTEF operon of studied susceptible strain.
TextSentencer_T394 47968-48253 Sentence denotes Transcriptomic analysis of genes belonging to arnBCADTEF operon showed significant decrease in mRNA expression level of tested genes in the susceptible strain, supporting that addition L-Ara4N in the outer membrane of lipid A moiety can explain the increase in colistin susceptibility.
TextSentencer_T395 48254-48434 Sentence denotes Finally, the insertion of the arnD gene in the susceptible strain led to a 32 folds increase of colistin MIC, showing the role of this gene in Proteus vulgaris colistin resistance.
TextSentencer_T396 48435-48446 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T397 48447-48537 Sentence denotes We showed that the arnD gene of the arn operon was mutated in the susceptible P. vulgaris.
TextSentencer_T398 48538-48624 Sentence denotes It is known that sugars fixation on lipid A is a key pathway for polymyxin resistance.
TextSentencer_T399 48625-48721 Sentence denotes However, it is certainly not the only one because lots of enigmas on colistin resistance remain.
TextSentencer_T400 48722-48876 Sentence denotes Other genes that were absent in the susceptible strain could be linked to colistin resistance including a whole operon involved in sialic acid metabolism.
TextSentencer_T401 48877-49033 Sentence denotes We are currently developing knock-out techniques to study these different hypothetical targets and to discover new pathways involved in colistin resistance.
TextSentencer_T402 49034-49191 Sentence denotes Bacterial defense system and antimicrobial peptides coexist for a long time, and mechanisms of resistance to colistin are complex and implied a lot of genes.
TextSentencer_T403 49192-49384 Sentence denotes This is the first report that describes genomic differences between this particular susceptible strain and a typical P. vulgaris opening new research pathway to understand colistin resistance.
TextSentencer_T404 49385-49455 Sentence denotes 1 Bunkyo Gakuin University Graduate School, 2 Bunkyo Gakuin University
T89484 49456-49467 Sentence denotes Background:
T86671 49468-49692 Sentence denotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a common cause of chronic airway infections in patients with pulmonary disorders such as diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) and cystic fibrosis (CF), and DPB and CF had a poor prognosis.
T98987 49693-49798 Sentence denotes Long-term, low-dose macrolide treatment has markedly increased 5-year survival rate of patients with DPB.
T54118 49799-50027 Sentence denotes Consequently, researchers are interested in using macrolides such as erythromycin and clarithromycin that not included in the anti-pseudomonal therapeutic weapon because of the absence of bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity.
T98669 50028-50113 Sentence denotes Previous studies have demonstrated that macrolides influence P. aeruginosa virulence.
T70925 50114-50266 Sentence denotes However, most studies evaluated the regulatory effects of macrolides on P. aeruginosa virulence factors after treatment over a short period (<48 hours).
T49859 50267-50445 Sentence denotes In this study, we subcultured P. aeruginosa for two years in the presence of low-dose macrolides, and evaluated virulence factors such as total protease, elastase, and pyocyanin.
T43634 50446-50529 Sentence denotes In addition, the effect of macrolide exposure strain on A549 cell was investigated.
T90127 50530-50695 Sentence denotes Methods: P. aeruginosa PAO1 was repeatedly subcultured 104 times over two years on Mueller-Hinton agar containing 1.6 μg/mL erythromycin or 0.8 μg/mL clarithromycin.
T83311 50696-50827 Sentence denotes The macrolide concentration was determined by referencing the maximum drug concentration (Cmax) at the time of oral administration.
T83732 50828-50925 Sentence denotes Strains that subcultured in the presence of low-dose macrolides were frozen at 2 month intervals.
T33507 50926-51067 Sentence denotes Macrolide exposure strains were used to examine the time-dependent change of total protease, elastase, pyocyanin and A549 cell survival rate.
T71046 51068-51076 Sentence denotes Results:
T39554 51077-51234 Sentence denotes The production of the virulence factors gradually decreased with macrolide exposure, and elasetase and pyocyanin were maximally affected after only 2 months.
T26974 51235-51426 Sentence denotes Also, as the period of macrolide exposure to the P. aeruginosa PAO1 increased, the death of A549 cells to which the bacterial supernatant was added decreased, and the survival rate increased.
T68962 51427-51438 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T51156 51439-51605 Sentence denotes We showed that three virulence factors gradually are inhibited by macrolide and the cytotoxicity declines as the macrolide exposure period to bacteria becomes longer.
T84677 51606-51779 Sentence denotes These findings exhibit that long-term, low-dose macrolide exposure may gradually reduce the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa via timedependent inhibition of virulence factors.
T36729 51780-51966 Sentence denotes We suggest that longterm, low-dose macrolide treatment for chronic airway infection should be administered for at least 2 months or more to achieve optimal effects against P. aeruginosa.
T49265 51967-52066 Sentence denotes isolates is associated with carbapenem treatment of ESBL-and/or AmpC-producing bacterial infection.
T11789 52067-52187 Sentence denotes One of the mechanisms is the insertion in outer membrane protein genes ompK35 and ompK36 by various insertion sequences.
T95913 52188-52395 Sentence denotes Here, we investigated the effects of different carbapenems on development of carbapenem resistance associated in ompK35 and ompK36 mutations of carbapenemsuceptible ESBL and non-ESBL producing K. pneumoniae.
T78834 52396-52404 Sentence denotes Methods:
T7415 52405-52681 Sentence denotes 10 carbapenem-susceptiblee isolates, including ESBLproducing isolates 7, 8, 17, 18 , and 21 and non-ESBLproducing isolates CLKP-2, 32, 36, 56, and 60, were incubated with ertapenem (ETP), imipenem (IMP) and meropenem (MEM) induividually at 1X and 1/6X concentrations for 36 h.
T18770 52682-52838 Sentence denotes The isolates in the inhibition zone of ETP, IPM and MEM were collected for ompK35 and ompK36 analysis of insertion sequence types ans carbapenem resistance.
T63463 52839-52847 Sentence denotes Results:
T65211 52848-52967 Sentence denotes Higher carbapenem concentration (1 X) stimulated more resistant isolates for both ESBL and non-ESBL producing isolates.
T20803 52968-53169 Sentence denotes Under high concentration, MEM and ETP treatment induced resistance to both carbapenems for ESBL producing isolates, while ETP treatment only developed resistance to ETP for non-ESBL producing isolates.
T26791 53170-53283 Sentence denotes Among selected ESBL isolates induced by carbapenems, insertion sequences were found mostly in ompK36, not ompK35.
T25503 53284-53437 Sentence denotes Few isolates with normal PCR sizes of both genes demonstrated carbapenem resistance, suggesting involvement of other mehcanism for carbapenem resistance.
T54377 53438-53449 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T53289 53450-53593 Sentence denotes Both ESBL and non-ESBL producing isolates could develop carbapenem resistance associated with carbapenem types and ompK35 and ompK36 mutations.
T85977 53594-53665 Sentence denotes Novel aminoglycosides that evade bacterial resistance mechanisms Dev P.
T63119 53666-53671 Sentence denotes Arya.
T19894 53672-53690 Sentence denotes Clemson University
T79082 53691-53702 Sentence denotes Background:
T44021 53703-53860 Sentence denotes Aminoglycosides inhibit bacterial growth by binding to the A-site decoding region of the bacterial 16s ribosomal RNA (rRNA) within the 30S ribosomal subunit.
T37724 53861-54013 Sentence denotes Previous work has shown that there is approximately a five-fold difference in the affinity of neomycin for the human A-site model and the E. coli model.
T88653 54014-54300 Sentence denotes The methodology for synthesizing, screening for both ribosomal binding/selectivity and bacterial growth inhibition, and rapid analysis of the data provides a systematic method for identification of bacterial ribosome specific antibacterials that can evade bacterial resistance pathways.
T69349 54301-54309 Sentence denotes Methods:
T33483 54310-54454 Sentence denotes We have developed rapid synthetic and screening methods that rapidly identify compounds that discriminate between the two model rRNA structures.
T15010 54455-54463 Sentence denotes Results:
T12403 54464-54587 Sentence denotes Novel potent aminoglycosides that show high selectivity for the bacterial ribosome over mammalian ribosome were identified.
T28415 54588-54599 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T31045 54600-54812 Sentence denotes Our approach, coupled with a rapid solid phase synthesis of peptidic aminosugars, has identified active aminoglycosides that show large differences in binding affinity for the E. coli A-site vs. the human A-site.
T62111 54813-55032 Sentence denotes Activation of efflux pumps accounts for low-level moxifloxacin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates causing urinary tract infection Xiang-Jun Chen 1 , Jung-Yien Chien 2 , Chong-Jen Yu 2 , Po-Ren Hsueh 1,2 .
T12534 55033-55305 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, 2 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
T31196 55306-55317 Sentence denotes Background:
T30960 55318-55479 Sentence denotes To evaluate the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates causing urinary tract tuberculosis (UTB) and the rates of resistance to moxifloxacin in Taiwan.
T36518 55480-55488 Sentence denotes Methods:
T98659 55489-55676 Sentence denotes Of the 3034 patients with culture-confirmed TB at the National Taiwan University Hospital in Taiwan during the period 2005-2012, 47 (1.5%) patients had UTB and were included in the study.
T20233 55677-55745 Sentence denotes All isolates were assessed for mutations in the gyrA and gyrB genes.
T65054 55746-55956 Sentence denotes Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of moxifloxacin were determined in the presence or absence of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), including verapamil, reserpine and carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone.
T6255 55957-56073 Sentence denotes Responders to EPIs were defined as isolates that showed at least a 4-fold reduction in MICs in the presence of EPIs.
T46713 56074-56082 Sentence denotes Results:
T34125 56083-56171 Sentence denotes During the study period, there was an increasing trend in prevalence of UTB (P = 0.029).
T50240 56172-56400 Sentence denotes Among the 47 isolates, 2 (4.3%) were resistant to rifampicin, 5 (10.6%) were resistant to isoniazid, 24 (51.1%) were resistant to ofloxacin, 22 (46.8%) were resistant to moxifloxacin and 7 (14.9%) were resistant to streptomycin.
T24580 56401-56512 Sentence denotes Among the 22 isolates with moxifloxacin resistance, 19 (86.4%) had lowlevel resistance (MIC = 1.0 to 2.0 mg/l).
T59349 56513-56669 Sentence denotes Patients with prior exposure to fluoroquinolones (FQs) were more likely than non-exposed patients to have moxifloxacin-resistant isolates (14/22, 63.6% v.s.
T79472 56670-56681 Sentence denotes Background:
T42112 56682-56853 Sentence denotes Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, is a pathogenic gram-negative bacterium commonly found in respiratory and intestinal tract in human.
T40096 56854-57031 Sentence denotes In recent years, multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae (MDRKP) is rapidly increasing because of antibiotics overuse and it has been implicated in a variety of nosocomial infections.
T96847 57032-57212 Sentence denotes MDRKP cause a problem in the clinical treatment of patients and some references demonstrate that antibody-immune response is essential for host defense against bacterial pathogens.
T9477 57213-57293 Sentence denotes In this study, we've developed a monoclonal antibody for the treatment of MDRKP.
T19426 57294-57489 Sentence denotes DCB's human single B cell antibody discovery platform allows screening of single cells to rapidly isolate and sequence fifty of antibodies with known binding specificity or functional properties.
T55501 57490-57498 Sentence denotes Methods:
T21182 57499-57787 Sentence denotes Fully Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Single Peripheral Blood B Cell Using K. pneumoniae (KP) as a sorting model, we established a platform technology that can obtain human mAbs against KP directly from each single human plasma or memory B cell by cloning the VH and VL variable regions.
T53774 57788-57977 Sentence denotes The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from human whole blood, and KPspecific single memory B cells were sorted into 96-well PCR plates by fluorescence-activating cell sorter.
T27675 57978-58099 Sentence denotes The antibody genes of these single cells were then amplified by RT-PCR, and expressed by FreeStyle 293 expression system.
T90698 58100-58185 Sentence denotes Opsonophagocytic killing assay (OPK assay) The target K. pneumoniae was grown in TSB.
T73687 58186-58249 Sentence denotes HL-60 cells was differentiation by DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide).
T32838 58250-58365 Sentence denotes For the OPK assay, contains 1 × 10 3 CFUs of bacteria, antibody, 4 × 10 5 differentiated HL60 cells and complement.
T66585 58366-58473 Sentence denotes The reaction was plating on TSA plate incubate for overnight at 37°C, then count colonies and analyze data.
T16751 58474-58485 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T53728 58486-58598 Sentence denotes We demonstrate an established platform, which generates a panel of human monoclonal antibodies from human PBMCs.
T83910 58599-58704 Sentence denotes Twenty-five antibodies clones were selected high affinity with K. pneumoniae in single B cell technology.
T57208 58705-58743 Sentence denotes The average KD value is up to 10 −10 .
T81374 58744-58885 Sentence denotes In vitro opsonophagocytic assays demonstrate that twenty anti-KP antibodies can increase the antibody-mediated phagocytosis in K. pneumoniae.
T75649 58886-59025 Sentence denotes Our results suggest that the selected antibodies can be potential lead drugs for further testing in a K. pneumoniae infection animal model.
T88742 59026-59105 Sentence denotes The recombinant Abs might play a crucial role in treatment of MDR-KP infection.
T30722 59106-59117 Sentence denotes Background:
T55453 59118-59285 Sentence denotes The rapid emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains is a global public health challenge, which has accelerated by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics.
T52828 59286-59372 Sentence denotes There is an urgent demand for antimicrobial agents effective against these super bugs.
T23427 59373-59592 Sentence denotes The natural chemopreventive compounds isothiocyanates (ITCs) are widely found in cruciferous vegetables have been shown to possess cancer chemopreventive efficacy, antioxidative properties and immunomodulatory activity.
T502 59593-59719 Sentence denotes ITCs such as allyl isothiocyanate and benzyl isothiocyanate are revealed to be bactericidal through an unidentified mechanism.
T2934 59720-59903 Sentence denotes Our previous study indicated that sulforaphane (4-methylsulfinybutyl isothiocyanate) significantly reduced the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Vibrio vulnificus.
T79749 59904-60008 Sentence denotes Though ITCs are effective in bacteria killing, the application of ITCs on MDR bacteria is still unknown.
T86313 60009-60069 Sentence denotes We aimed to evaluate the application of ITCs on MDR E. coli.
T69424 60070-60078 Sentence denotes Methods:
T34583 60079-60219 Sentence denotes Antibacterial activity of ITCs against MDR E. coli was assessed by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay and growth inhibition assay.
T77595 60220-60326 Sentence denotes Bacteria survival rate was evaluated by plate count and calculated as the percentage of the control group.
T52986 60327-60367 Sentence denotes The experiments were done in triplicate.
T36864 60368-60447 Sentence denotes All results were presented as the means ±S.D. and analyzed by Student's t-test.
T78213 60448-60456 Sentence denotes Results:
T24921 60457-60558 Sentence denotes The MICs of benzyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphane for MDR E coli were 1.25 and 0.28 mM respectively.
T88430 60559-60620 Sentence denotes MDR E. coli was effectively killed by BITC within 1h at 37°C.
T56743 60621-60864 Sentence denotes BITC treatment also inhibited MDR E coli growth, this inhibition could be reversed by adding thiol reducing agents including N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), L-Glutathione (GSH), Dithiothreitol (DTT) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) to the culture medium.
T7269 60865-60876 Sentence denotes Background:
T1641 60877-61021 Sentence denotes Economic pressures and legal constraints increasingly force hospital pharmacies to purchase generic drugs rather than original branded products.
T75433 61022-61189 Sentence denotes Yet, differences in key properties have been noted between suppliers of antibiotics with the same denomination (INN), even if all approved by local health authorities.
T76848 61190-61442 Sentence denotes This has raised concerns among clinicians about drug quality when dealing with patients in critical conditions such as in Intensive Care Units where ease of preparation, efficacy, and stability of the prescribed antibiotics are of paramount importance.
T57901 61443-61451 Sentence denotes Methods:
T72116 61452-61766 Sentence denotes We compared (i) the rate of dissolution (by experienced nurses), (ii) the coloring (spectrophotometry) and degradation (LC-MS-MS) over ward storage of the original meropenem (MERONEM ® ; AstraZeneca) vs. 4 generics of meropenem authorized in Belgium, France and/or Spain (Sandoz, Hospira, Fresenius-Kabi, Aurovit).
T44579 61767-61877 Sentence denotes Samples were prepared following manufacturer's recommendation and exposed to fixed temperatures for up to 8 h.
T40907 61878-61886 Sentence denotes Results:
T31435 61887-62120 Sentence denotes A summary of key results is presented in the Table Product Mimicking administration by motor-activated pumps for extended or continuous administration in Intensive Care Units for severely-ill patients (drug dissolved in 0.9% NaCl);
T92556 62121-62132 Sentence denotes Background:
T36461 62133-62356 Sentence denotes It is suggested that susceptibility results for cephalosporins be reported according to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), regardless of whether or not the isolate produces an extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL).
T75157 62357-62471 Sentence denotes The revised breakpoint MIC defining susceptibility to cefotaxime (1 mg/L) might be a surrogate for ESBL detection.
T33678 62472-62568 Sentence denotes Cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are challenging organisms with little treatment options.
T16873 62569-62764 Sentence denotes Carbapenems such as imipenem, ertapenem or meropenem are frequently used, but the emergence of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae is a concern issue, which may hinder the use of carbapenems.
T68809 62765-62872 Sentence denotes Although, cephamycins such flomoxef are effective against cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in vitro,
T41681 62873-62986 Sentence denotes there are a few clinical data demonstrating effect against bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by these organisms.
T79461 62987-62995 Sentence denotes Methods:
T65518 62996-63199 Sentence denotes We performed a retrospective observational study on adults with BSI caused by flomoxef-susceptible, cefotaximeresistant Enterobacteriaceae to investigate the efficacy if flomoxef compared with ertapenem.
T49830 63200-63307 Sentence denotes The outcome assessment was evaluated with propensity score-based matching and logistic regression analysis.
T82112 63308-63316 Sentence denotes Results:
T49716 63317-63520 Sentence denotes Demographics and clinical characteristics of 246 adults with BSI caused by flomoxef-susceptible, cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae treated by flomoxef (n = 58) or ertapenem (n = 188) were compared.
T56216 63521-63581 Sentence denotes Crude mortality at 28 days was found in 41 (16.7%) patients.
T68843 63582-63998 Sentence denotes After adjustments in the multivariate model, patients with severe sepsis (adjusted OR = 3.84, 95% CI = 1.16-12.78, P = 0.03), high BSI mortality score (adjusted OR = 5.59, 95% CI = 2.37-13.21, P < 0.01), ultimately or rapid fatal co-morbidity (adjusted OR = 10.60, 95% CI = 3.43-32.75, P < 0.01) and pneumonia (adjusted OR = 10.11, 95% CI = 3.43-29.81, P < 0.01) were independently associated with 28-days mortality.
T88753 63999-64241 Sentence denotes By the propensity scores, 58 patients with flomoxef therapy were matched with 116 treated by ertapenem therapy at a ratio of 1:2, and there were no significant differences in terms of BSI severity, co-morbidity, or BSI sources between groups.
T4343 64242-64342 Sentence denotes Moreover, crude mortality rates at 28 days (20.7% vs. 13.8%, P = 0.28) did not differ significantly.
T99918 64343-64465 Sentence denotes However, the length of hospitalization stay was shorter in the ertapenem group (10.2 ± 8.5 vs. 14.6 ± 9.4 days, P < 0.01).
T28894 64466-64477 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T46757 64478-64692 Sentence denotes Ertapenem therapy is associated with shorter time of hospitalization than flomoxef therapy following flomoxef-susceptibile, cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae BSI in adult patients with both guarded prognosis.
T67081 64693-64788 Sentence denotes (p = 0.04) and lower 30-days mortality ( p < 0.01) when compared with initial daptomycin group.
T21049 64789-64991 Sentence denotes By the propensity scores with age and Pittsburgh bacteremia score ≥4, 25 patients in initial high maintenance teicoplanin dosage group were matched with 25 in initial daptomycin group at a ratio of 1:1.
T24863 64992-65093 Sentence denotes There was no different significance in overall 30-days mortality rate in these two groups (p = 0.26).
T77479 65094-65288 Sentence denotes However, the Kaplan-Meier curve for 30-days mortality reveled patients in initial high maintenance teicoplanin dosage group had better survival than those in initial daptomycin group (p = 0.02).
T96620 65289-65300 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T19829 65301-65539 Sentence denotes After propensity score match with age and patient's severity, the clincal outcome in initial high maintenance teicoplanin dosage group was not inferior than in initial daptomycin treatment group. • 18 years old when antibiotics initiated.
T20766 65540-65791 Sentence denotes • Baseline serum creatinine (sCr) measurement within 48 hours of antibiotics initiation. • Received minimum one dose of PT and V within 24 hours when either PT + V initiated concurrently or if one agent initiated first followed by addition of another.
T97924 65792-65811 Sentence denotes Exclusion criteria:
T68889 65812-66089 Sentence denotes Patients excluded if medical records incomplete, receiving dialysis, had history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (Stage IV or higher) or recent history of acute kidney injury (defined as increase in sCr of 0.5 mg/dL or greater or increase of sCr of 1mg/ dL or greater for CKD).
T85113 66090-66106 Sentence denotes Data collection:
T76704 66107-66257 Sentence denotes Medical records were reviewed to collect demographic data, antibiotic use, sCr concentrations, comorbid conditions and concomitant nephrotoxic agents.
T65312 66258-66322 Sentence denotes In the event of nephrotoxicity, management and outcome recorded.
T5765 66323-66354 Sentence denotes Primary and Secondary Endpoint:
T19730 66355-66505 Sentence denotes Primary endpoint was incidence of nephrotoxicity defined as ≥ 50% increase in baseline sCr concentration or increase from baseline sCr of = 0.5 mg/dl.
T65358 66506-66582 Sentence denotes Nephrotoxicity was based on Rifle classification, focusing on change of sCr.
T98754 66583-66712 Sentence denotes Secondary endpoint was association of nephrotoxicity with potential confounding factors that may increase risk of nephrotoxicity.
T6958 66713-66734 Sentence denotes Statistical Analysis:
T13159 66735-66949 Sentence denotes Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics presented as mean standard deviation (SD) or median (interquartile range [IQR] ) for continuous variables and frequencies ( proportions) for categorical variables.
T2975 66950-67032 Sentence denotes Secondary endpoints assessed with univariate analysis (Chi-square/Fisher's exact).
T19827 67033-67070 Sentence denotes Simple logistic regression attempted.
T13990 67071-67079 Sentence denotes Results:
T9799 67080-67160 Sentence denotes 103 patients were screened for eligibility with 21 patients excluded from study.
T66405 67161-67201 Sentence denotes Final study sample included 82 patients.
T22848 67202-67229 Sentence denotes 94 patient visits recorded.
T29444 67230-67273 Sentence denotes Incidence rate of nephrotoxicity was 22.3%.
T23548 67274-67399 Sentence denotes Nephrotoxicity group had marginally significant lower baseline sCr when PT + V were initiated (mean 54.7 vs 69.1, p = 0.037).
T45955 67400-67510 Sentence denotes Nephrotoxicity group had higher mortality than non-nephrotoxicity group (Death rate 33.3% vs 9.6%, p = 0.013).
T55941 67511-67522 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T3864 67523-67563 Sentence denotes Nephrotoxicity incidence rate was 22.3%.
T4821 67564-67590 Sentence denotes Figure: (abstract PS 046).
T41470 67591-67707 Sentence denotes Abstracts of the 30th ICC 2017 / International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 50 S2 (2017) S69-S278 S86 Background:
T73161 67708-67917 Sentence denotes Tissue stroma is known to be important in regulating Hp-mediated inflammation, but the molecular basis of its interaction with Hp and its potential crosstalk with dendritic cells (DCs) remain to be determined.
T2170 67918-68045 Sentence denotes To this end, the potential crosstalk between H. pylori (Hp) infected gastric stromal cells (Hp-GSCs) and DCs were investigated.
T27977 68046-68054 Sentence denotes Methods:
T36879 68055-68199 Sentence denotes The expression of IL-23 and IL-17 indicative activation of DCs and Th17 cells, respectively, was evaluated as the primary experimental readouts.
T86897 68200-68372 Sentence denotes Primary CD90 + GSCs from cancerous and adjacent normal tissues were generated from gastric cancer patients, and monocyte-derived DCs were obtained from healthy individuals.
T7949 68373-68541 Sentence denotes Levels of cytokines and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) were measured by ELISA, and C-type lectin expression in GSCs was assessed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.
T70091 68542-68550 Sentence denotes Results:
T98349 68551-68707 Sentence denotes In a trans-well co-culture system, significantly upregulated DC-derived IL-23 expression was found when DCs were cocultured with Hp-infected GSCs (Hp-GSCs).
T84033 68708-68965 Sentence denotes Further, PGE 2 from Hp-GSCs was discovered to possess the priming effect, which could be inhibited, by anti-COLEC12 (Collectin subfamily member 12) blocking Abs, COLEC12 knockdown or when alpha3-fucosyltransferase-null ( futB; HP0651) strain of Hp was used.
T9239 68966-69062 Sentence denotes Also, the expression of COLEC12 was co-localized with CD90 + stromal cells in cancerous tissues.
T80698 69063-69215 Sentence denotes Furthermore, Hp-GSCs-conditioned DCs were able to induce the expression of IL-17 from CD4 + T cells, which could be inhibited by IL-23-neutralizing Abs.
T65300 69216-69227 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T29377 69228-69378 Sentence denotes These results suggested the importance of COLEC12 as a receptor involved in Hp-stromal cell interaction and its subsequent conditioning effect on DCs.
T41610 69379-69504 Sentence denotes cellulose, releasing cellobiose from either non-reducing or reducing ends and β-glucosidases hydrolyze cellobiose to glucose.
T58662 69505-69513 Sentence denotes Methods:
T59063 69514-69768 Sentence denotes The exo-1, 4-β-D glucanase gene CBH from the thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima MSB8 ATCC DNA was placed under the control of T5 promotor in the plasmid pQE-30 (3.46 bp) and integrated into the genome of Escherichia coli Top10F by transformation.
T82258 69769-69938 Sentence denotes The high enzymatic activity strain was selected and designed as E. coli cel-3A and cultivated in shaking flasks with IPTG induction at different concentrations and time.
T70180 69939-70054 Sentence denotes SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay for cell bound and supernatant revealed a single band at about 52 kDa.
T97938 70055-70187 Sentence denotes Moreover, the recombinant E. coli cel-3A manifests to possess the ability of carboxymethyl cellulose utilization as a carbon source.
T62279 70188-70341 Sentence denotes Results: CBH with improved catalytic and kinetic characteristics is a matter of utmost importance to withstand the current robust industrial environment.
T84115 70342-70493 Sentence denotes The recombinant cellobiohydrolase produced by E. coli exhibit maximum activity at pH 4.0 and temperature 80°C, indicating it was a thermophilic acidic.
T57256 70494-70558 Sentence denotes Exo-1, 4-β-D glucanase is worthy for denim biofinishing/washing.
T47108 70559-70641 Sentence denotes Further research was carried out in appropriate medium in 200L batch fermentation.
T13971 70642-70729 Sentence denotes Conclusion: IPTG induction magnified the exo-1, 4-β-D glucanase activity to 32.5 IU/ml.
T88463 70730-70874 Sentence denotes The exo-1, 4-β-D glucanase secreted by recombinant E. coli represents an appealing potential for both research and textile industry application.
T23067 70875-71089 Sentence denotes The effect of post translational phosphorylation on halophilic methanoarchaeal molecular chaperone DnaK ATPase and substrate protein refolding activities Wei-Ling Chen, Shih-Shan Chen, Shih-Wen Fang, Mei-Chin Lai*.
T11763 71090-71187 Sentence denotes Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C Background:
T23363 71188-71395 Sentence denotes Molecular chaperone plays an important role to assist folding and assembling of nascent polypeptides, preventing protein misfolding and aggregation which were damaged by temperature, pH and osmotic stresses.
T37235 71396-71533 Sentence denotes DnaK belong to the heat shock protein 70 of molecular chaperone and cooperates with cochaperone DnaJ and nucleotide exchange factor GrpE.
T47791 71534-71612 Sentence denotes ATP is required for DnaK to active and remodel their substrate client protein.
T60701 71613-71816 Sentence denotes Although it was generally recognized that the molecular chaperone DnaK system is highly conserved within the Three Domains of life, investigation on the molecular chaperone system in Archaea are limited.
T75916 71817-72010 Sentence denotes Genes related with molecular chaperone in halophilic methanogen Methanohalophilus portucalensis FDF1 T were analyzed and the dnak, dnaJ and grpE genes are induced by the heat and salt stresses.
T47539 72011-72146 Sentence denotes Moreover, our phosphoproteomic analysis in strain FDF1 T indicated that there are four phosphorylated sites in DnaK (Wu et al., 2016) .
T41008 72147-72155 Sentence denotes Methods:
T96310 72156-72346 Sentence denotes The phosphorylated sites of MpDnaK were mutated to alanine as the dephospho-mimic state and also to aspartic acid as the phospho-mimic state with the site-directed mutagenesis method by PCR.
T97642 72347-72503 Sentence denotes The overexpression of wild type and mutants MpDnaK were induced by IPTG in E. coli DE3(RIL)BL21 and were further purified by nickel affinity chromatography.
T96599 72504-72595 Sentence denotes The ATPase activities of MpDnaK was measured by colorimetric assay for inorganic phosphate.
T11515 72596-72703 Sentence denotes The structure modeling of MpDnaK was constructed by Easy modeler with highest identity species as template.
T85573 72704-72712 Sentence denotes Results:
T74952 72713-72940 Sentence denotes The ATPase kinetic assay revealed that substrate ATP hydrolytic velocity in phospho-mimic type MpDnaK was similar with the wild-type which suggested that the phosphorylation on Ser518 did not affect the ATP hydrolytic activity.
T93995 72941-73164 Sentence denotes Further structure modeling analysis revealed the phosphorylated Ser518 is located in the lid domain of MpDnaK which relate to the open/close of the substrate binding pocket and initiate/terminate the disaggregation process.
T18098 73165-73393 Sentence denotes Distance measurement within the wild type Ser518, dephosphomimic Ser518A and phosphomimic Ser518D to the substrate binding pocket residue Arg414 showed that after phosphorylation on Ser518, the distance are the shortest (1.8 Å).
T34313 73394-73521 Sentence denotes The shorter distance may contribute more stable conformation for lid closing and promote more efficient disaggregation process.
T41236 73522-73664 Sentence denotes This analytical result suggest that post-translational phosphorylation may involve the regulation of the substrate binding and disaggregation.
T99374 73665-73676 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T92113 73677-73917 Sentence denotes The phosphorylation on Ser518 did not affect the ATP hydrolytic activity of MpDnaK, whereas the PTM-phosphorylation on lid domain-Ser518 promote the lid-substrate binding pocket interaction, which may further enhance the refolding activity.
T1505 73918-73975 Sentence denotes Xue-Hua Ling 1,2 , Shang-Kwei Wang 2 , Chang-Yih Duh 1 *.
T98479 73976-74161 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
T74472 74162-74173 Sentence denotes Background:
T15039 74174-74320 Sentence denotes Therapeutic drugs, Bortezomib, Carfilzomib and Ixazomib, target ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) have been licensed in treating multiple myeloma.
T22349 74321-74424 Sentence denotes Moreover, UPS inhibitors are demonstrated to attenuate the progression of neural degenerative diseases.
T21495 74425-74482 Sentence denotes UPS is a versatile complex composed of multiple subunits.
T31828 74483-74578 Sentence denotes Proteolytic function of UPS is involvoed in diverse and important biochemical pathways in cell.
T94064 74579-74643 Sentence denotes Therapeutic prospect of UPS inhibitor is promising and valuable.
T71106 74644-74728 Sentence denotes We aimed to establish a high-content image-based drug screening assay directing UPS.
T19418 74729-74827 Sentence denotes Our natural compounds are purifed from Formosan soft corals with distinctive structure elucidated.
T10382 74828-74836 Sentence denotes Methods:
T11727 74837-74928 Sentence denotes Human cytomegalovirus UL76 interacts with proteasome regulatory subunits of 26S proteasome.
T10546 74929-75033 Sentence denotes In HEK293T cells, the transient-expressing EGFP-UL76 fusion protein exhibits distinct nuclear aggresome.
T59427 75034-75151 Sentence denotes Fluorescence intensities and the phenotypic behaviors of UL76-aggresome are used as markers for proteasome inhbition.
T51419 75152-75273 Sentence denotes The image acquisition is accomplished using ImageXpress Micro widefield high-content screening system (Molecular Device).
T78621 75274-75335 Sentence denotes The imagng data were analyzed by MetaXpress software package.
T98077 75336-75483 Sentence denotes Proteasome inhibitors, Bortezomib, MG132, and clasto-lactacystin β-lactone are used as paradigm control to validate the screening efficacy Results:
T23023 75484-75649 Sentence denotes The phenotypic behaviors and intensity profiles of UL76aggresome are responsive to the treatment of the three known proteasome inhibitors in a dose-dependent manner.
T53836 75650-75787 Sentence denotes This cellbased high-content screening system is established and employed in search of proteasome inhibitors from marine natural products.
T98583 75788-75863 Sentence denotes One hundred and forty structural elucidated natural products were assessed.
T74486 75864-76006 Sentence denotes Among them, three groups of structural disctinct groups purified from Formosan soft corals were shown with inhibitory activity for proteasome.
T12303 76007-76018 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T94077 76019-76108 Sentence denotes We established an efficient high-content system for screening UPS inhibitor. waste water.
T93108 76109-76431 Sentence denotes Taiwan area is small, so little arable land can be used, if the land is subjected to heavy metal pollution and water irrigation, have accumulated in the soil. the residues of heavy metals in the soil, resulting in reduced the area of cultivated land, the main is to assess P. chrysosporium to treated heavy metals ability.
T70899 76432-76640 Sentence denotes This experiment using SDB as basic medium, carbon source respectively sawdust and starch, and adding calcium sulfate 0.5 g and calcium carbon 1 g in the medium was the best, tolerance test of white rot fungi.
T9270 76641-76763 Sentence denotes We also study the influence of removing heavy metals in different pH, culture period, calcium ion, anion and common metal.
T34407 76764-77230 Sentence denotes The experiment of adding calcium in this test, calcium ion in the liquid culture that can promote the degradation of white rot fungus of heavy metals, especially for copper ion and lead ion, copper ion degradation in the concentration of 10 ppm to 1 ppm and lead ion degradation in the concentration of 20 ppm to 1.5 ppm, then explore the degradation ability of zinc, copper, mercury, lead, all have good results, but only the zinc ions in the zinc copper exception.
T70427 77231-77303 Sentence denotes The ion in the mixed solution, zinc ions can be degraded by this strain.
T43997 77304-77755 Sentence denotes Experiment that starch medium than in sawdust medium, can provide more nutrients, prompting the white rot fungi to produce catalase, may be because in adversity, this strain can secrete more peroxide dismutase to help themselves to resist adversity and sawdust medium, Although the activity of SOD in sawdust medium was low, the degradation rate was better, and it could buffer the pH value of polar acid, and stable and sustained supply of nutrients.
T2089 77756-77892 Sentence denotes Bacterial genotoxin enhances radiosensitivity in cancer stem cells by regulating autophagy Yu-An Chen 1 , Yu Chen 2 , Chih-Ho Lai 1,3 *.
T44458 77893-77904 Sentence denotes Background:
T28260 77905-78051 Sentence denotes Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) produced by Campylobacter jejuni is a genotoxin that induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in mammalian cells.
T23943 78052-78223 Sentence denotes We recently reported that CDT can overcome the radioresistance of prostate cancer (PCa) cells by intervening in the repair of radiation-induced double-strand breaks (DSB).
T77632 78224-78349 Sentence denotes However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the effects of CDT on radioresistance in PCa cells require further investigation.
T62087 78350-78358 Sentence denotes Methods:
T47142 78359-78459 Sentence denotes Recombinant C. jejuni CDT subunits were cloned, purified, and then subjected to functional analysis.
T54478 78460-78558 Sentence denotes CDT impairs radiation-induced autophagy flux was investigated using immunofluorescence microscopy.
T66217 78559-78674 Sentence denotes The molecular mechanisms underlying CDT regulates autophagy to enhance radiosensitivity in PCa cells were explored.
T607 78675-78683 Sentence denotes Results:
T43536 78684-78865 Sentence denotes Our results demonstrated that C. jejuni CDT suppresses the IR-induced autophagy pathway in PCa cells by attenuating c-Myc expression and therefore sensitizes PCa cells to radiation.
T50369 78866-79124 Sentence denotes We further showed that CDT prevents the formation of autophagosomes via decreased high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression and the inhibition of acidic vesicular organelle (AVO) formation, which are associated with enhanced radiosensitivity in PCa cells.
T76736 79125-79136 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T75491 79137-79337 Sentence denotes Our findings reveal that C. jejuni CDT inhibits c-Myc and reduces HMGB1, resulting in prolonged IR-induced DSB and impaired autophagy, thus converting radioresistance to radiosensitivity in PCa cells.
T66220 79338-79379 Sentence denotes Shih-Wen Cheng, Yu-Tze Horng, Po-Chi Soo.
T63916 79380-79486 Sentence denotes Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan Background:
T19308 79487-79664 Sentence denotes Klebsiella pneumoniae, an important opportunistic pathogen in nosocomial infection, usually causes urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) in human.
T55861 79665-79754 Sentence denotes K. pneumoniae produces many virulence factors that contribute to pathogenicity in humans.
T27465 79755-79877 Sentence denotes Bacterial biofilm represents a key virulence determinant in promoting bacterial persistence and resistance to antibiotics.
T85344 79878-79987 Sentence denotes The ability of bacterial adherence to biotic or abiotic substrate is an essential step for biofilm formation.
T82744 79988-80102 Sentence denotes Such adherence can be mediated by bacterial fimbriae, which are also important virulence factors in many bacteria.
T45689 80103-80204 Sentence denotes In enterobacteria, cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP) plays a vital role as a global regulator.
T68194 80205-80374 Sentence denotes CRP protein regulates several essential bacterial virulence gene expression, including fimbriae and biofilm formation, responsing to intracellular concentration of cAMP.
T87946 80375-80461 Sentence denotes It is reported that CRP-cAMP complex regulates type 1 fimbriation in Escherichia coli.
T96323 80462-80470 Sentence denotes Methods:
T94038 80471-80633 Sentence denotes Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 system to perform targeted gene knockout with a transgene intergration by homologous recombination (HR) using a suitable donor sequence.
T48448 80634-80655 Sentence denotes Results & Conclusion:
T24318 80656-80764 Sentence denotes Our preliminary data indicated that the gene KPN_00353 encoding EIIA homolog up-regulates biofilm formation.
T92239 80765-80852 Sentence denotes Thus, our purpose is to clarify how the CRP-cAMP complex mediate the biofilm formation.
T90399 80853-81163 Sentence denotes Loss-of-function mutagenesis is an important tool characterize gene functions, and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) system has emerged as an efficient and precise gene editing tools for targeted mutagenesis in microorganisms in recent years.
T84585 81164-81368 Sentence denotes In the present study, we show the designation of crp mutant of Klebsiella pneumoniae by using CRISPR/Cas9 system followed by evaluating the efficacy of CRISPR/ Cas9 system in K. pneumoniae genome editing.
T15041 81369-81430 Sentence denotes Then, we will examine the importance of CRP in K. pneumoniae.
T83600 81431-81544 Sentence denotes PS 055 Type VI secretion system of Proteus mirabilis N2 Yi-Hwa Chou, Zhong-Ting Chiu, Yilin Tsai, Shwu-Jen Liaw*.
T64871 81545-81713 Sentence denotes Department and Graduate Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Background:
T96668 81714-81857 Sentence denotes Proteus mirabilis is a common human pathogen causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially in patients with indwelling urinary catheters.
T73925 81858-81960 Sentence denotes Many regulatory mechanisms have been evolved for bacteria to adapt to changes of diverse environments.
T63501 81961-82210 Sentence denotes Type VI secretion systems (T6SS) are known to contribute to bacterial pathogenicity by exerting toxic effects on host cells or competing bacterial species and are involved in a broad variety of functions such as biofilm formation and stress sensing.
T39806 82211-82294 Sentence denotes This large array of functions is reflected by a diversity of regulatory mechanisms.
T96156 82295-82347 Sentence denotes The regulation of P. mirabilis T6SS remains unclear.
T28909 82348-82452 Sentence denotes Recently, our transcriptome analysis revealed P. mirabilis T6SS was regulated by a global regulator Crp.
T20964 82453-82461 Sentence denotes Methods:
T50422 82462-82690 Sentence denotes We first confirmed the regulation of T6SS by Crp using real-time RT-PCR and the promoter reporter assay and identified one T6SS main structure operon and four Hcp/VgrG effector operons by using sequence specific RT and then PCR.
T64548 82691-82794 Sentence denotes We investigated whether Crp can bind directly to T6SS promoter region using a DNaseI footprinting assy.
T90792 82795-82871 Sentence denotes Overexpression of the effector toxin was performed to disclose its function.
T68823 82872-82989 Sentence denotes The growth predominance test and killing assay were used to observe the competition between wild type and crp mutant.
T76929 82990-83088 Sentence denotes We contructed vipAB (encoding the T6SS sheath) mutant to confirm the Crpregulated killing of T6SS.
T82233 83089-83170 Sentence denotes We also purified the possible toxin to assess its function in killing of E. coli.
T8764 83171-83179 Sentence denotes Results:
T21600 83180-83322 Sentence denotes Crp positively regulated T6SS by binding directly to T6SS promoter region and also positively regulated the expression of the effector toxins.
T81918 83323-83436 Sentence denotes Overexpression of the effector toxin in wild-type P. mirabili resulted in killing of both crp mutant and E. coli.
T96508 83437-83613 Sentence denotes Accordingly, the growth predominance test and killing assay demonstrated that P. mirabilis T6SS conferred growth predominance on the wild-type over both crp mutant and E. coli.
T41846 83614-83625 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T23577 83626-83721 Sentence denotes Crp positively regulated the expression of P. mirabilis T6SS and affected its killing function.
T62239 83722-83847 Sentence denotes T6SS contributed to growth predominance over crp mutant and E. coli, suggesting P. mirabilis T6SS as an antibacterial weapon.
T97488 83848-84058 Sentence denotes Epinecidin-1 protects mice from LPS-induced endotoxemia and cecal ligation and puncture-induced polymicrobial sepsis Bor-Chyuan Su 1 , Han-Ning Huang 1 , Tai-Wen Lin 2,3 , Chwan-Deng Hsiao 2 , Jyh-Yih Chen 1 *.
T36204 84059-84070 Sentence denotes Background:
T15186 84071-84213 Sentence denotes The antimicrobial peptide, epinecidin-1 (Epi), was identified from Epinephelus coioides and may have clinical application for treating sepsis.
T3736 84214-84460 Sentence denotes Epi has been shown to ameliorate antibiotic-resistant bacteria-induced sepsis in mice, but further evaluation in mixed-flora models and a description of the protective mechanisms are essential to establish this peptide as a potential therapeutic.
T35579 84461-84469 Sentence denotes Methods:
T49985 84470-84670 Sentence denotes Therefore, we first tested the protective effects of Epi against polymicrobial sepsis-induced bactericidal infection, inflammation and lung injury that result from cecal ligation and puncture in mice.
T18022 84671-84966 Sentence denotes Furthermore, since lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key inducer of inflammation during bacterial infection and sepsis, we also tested the LPS-antagonizing activity and related mechanisms of Epi-mediated protection in mice with LPSinduced endotoxemia and LPS-treated Raw264.7 mouse macrophage cells.
T14417 84967-84975 Sentence denotes Results:
T67892 84976-85192 Sentence denotes Epi rescued mice from both polymicrobial sepsis and endotoxemia after delayed administration and suppressed both lung and systemic inflammatory responses, while attenuating lung injury and diminishing bacterial load.
T51768 85193-85284 Sentence denotes In vitro studies revealed that Epi suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production.
T88818 85285-85590 Sentence denotes Mechanistically, Epi disrupted the interaction between LPS and LPS binding protein, competed with LPS for binding on the cell surface, and inhibited Toll-like receptor 4 endocytosis, resulting in inhibition of LPS-induced reactive oxygen species/p38/Akt/NF-κB signaling and subsequent cytokine production.
T4242 85591-85602 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T97870 85603-85719 Sentence denotes Overall, our results demonstrate that Epi is a promising therapeutic agent for endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis.
T27734 85720-86152 Sentence denotes An open-label, randomized and comparative study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cefoperazone/sulbactam in comparison to cefepime for the treatment of hospital acquired pneumonia and healthcare-associated pneumonia Fu-Der Wang 1 , Jien-Wei Liu 2 , Yen-Hsu Chen 3 , Wen-Sen Lee 4 , Jung-Chung Lin 5 , Ching-Tai Huang 6 , Hsi-Hsun Lin 7 , Yung-Ching Liu 8 , Hung-Jen Tang 9 , Yao-Shen Chen 10 , Wen-Chien Ko 11 , Min-Chi Lu 12 .
T64942 86153-86547 Sentence denotes 1 Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 2 Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 3 Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 4 Wan Fang Hospital, 5 Tri-Service General Hospital, 6 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, 7 E-Da Hospital, 8 Shuang Ho Hospital, 9 Chi Mei Medical Center, 10 Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, 11 National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 12 Chung Shan Hospital Background:
T6013 86548-86716 Sentence denotes To compare the efficacy and safety of cefoperazone/ sulbactam and cefepime in treatment of hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP).
T79626 86717-86887 Sentence denotes In this open-label, randomized phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 18 years and older with HAP and HCAP to receive cefoperazone/sulbactam or cefepime.
T20284 86888-87061 Sentence denotes The primary endpoint was to compare the clinical response to cefoperazone/sulbactam with cefepime at the test of cure (TOC) visit evaluated within 7-21 days after last dose.
T86272 87062-87180 Sentence denotes Secondary endpoints were overall survival and objective response in all patients assessed by intention-to-treat (ITT).
T42931 87181-87336 Sentence denotes During the study period, all subjects who received at least one dose of study drugs were included in the safety population and monitored for safety issues.
T11512 87337-87345 Sentence denotes Results:
T27082 87346-87355 Sentence denotes From Sep.
T9531 87356-87503 Sentence denotes 22, 2009 to Aug 06, 2012, a total of 174 subjects in 12 hospitals were screened, A total of 147 subjects were included in the evaluable population.
T47736 87504-87648 Sentence denotes The clinical response rate at TOC visit was 81.8% (54/66) in the cefoperazone/sulbactam group, while it was 79.0% (64/81) in the cefepime group.
T33007 87649-87796 Sentence denotes In the ITT population, the clinical response rates were 82.1% (55/67) in the cefoperazone/sulbactam group, and 79.0% (64/81) in the cefepime group.
T20241 87797-87942 Sentence denotes Non-inferiority of cefoperazone/sulbactam to cefepime was demonstrated in both populations with a noninferiority margin at 20% ( p-value <0.001).
T61192 87943-88014 Sentence denotes Thirty-five adverse events were judged as related to study medications.
T65614 88015-88116 Sentence denotes No statistically significant difference regarding adverse events was observed between the two groups.
T82974 88117-88128 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T9742 88129-88268 Sentence denotes This study indicated that the combination of cefoperazone/sulbactam was not inferior to cefepime when used to treat patients with HAP/HCAP.
T43196 88269-88396 Sentence denotes All the reported serious adverse events were not related to study drugs, and the incidences of adverse drug reactions were low.
T99336 88397-88514 Sentence denotes Therefore, cefoperazone/sulbactam (2g/2g every 12 hours) was tolerable and effective to treat patients with HAP/HCAP.
T13118 88515-88751 Sentence denotes Study about the risk and prognostic factors of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection Hiroki Kurata 1,2 *, Naoki Iwanaga 1,2 , Yosuke Nagayoshi 1,2 , Shinnosuke Takemoto 2 , Tadayoshi Oono 1 , Keiko Hisatomi 2 , Seiji Nagashima 2 .
T86705 88752-88937 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center
T82210 88938-88949 Sentence denotes Background:
T42181 88950-89151 Sentence denotes Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is the most frequently isolated causative pathogen in communityacquired pneumonia, approximately 10% of it is considered invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).
T26677 89152-89253 Sentence denotes However, there have been only a few reports about the influence on risk and prognosis factors of IPD.
T5522 89254-89262 Sentence denotes Methods:
T33211 89263-89410 Sentence denotes 37 cases of pneumococcal isolation from two sets of blood cultures in Nagasaki Medical Center from April 2009 to March 2016 were designated as IPD.
T88348 89411-89553 Sentence denotes We compared the IPD cases with 49 cases of pneumococcal pneumonia without isolation from blood cultures about the risk and prognostic factors.
T26444 89554-89812 Sentence denotes We defined pneumococcal pneumonia in which pneumococci were isolated in sputum culture or urine antigen test was positive, in addition to respiratory symptom such as fever, cough, sputum, and dyspnea, elevated inflammatory response and chest abnormal shadow.
T18804 89813-89984 Sentence denotes Comparative study was done backwardly about the underlying disease, blood test, quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score, antibiotics regimen and prognosis.
T55264 89985-89993 Sentence denotes Results:
T51976 89994-90079 Sentence denotes Pneumonia rate in adult IPD was 62.2%, and the mortality rate of the cases was 16.2%.
T94834 90080-90209 Sentence denotes In the IPD group, there was a tendency to select broad-spectrum antimicrobials as an initial treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia.
T92887 90210-90466 Sentence denotes In the multivariate analysis, several independent risk factors of IPD, including malignant tumors [odds ratio (OR), 19.60; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.58-84.04; p = 0.0001], and initial qSOFA (OR, 19.90; 95% CI, ; p = 0.0009), were associated with IPD.
T99880 90467-90596 Sentence denotes Initial qSOFA (OR, 5.60; 95% CI, 1.14-27.13; p = 0.0343) was also elucidated as a prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis.
T11930 90597-90608 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T29762 90609-90673 Sentence denotes High initial qSOFA could be a risk and prognostic factor of IPD.
T65549 90674-90812 Sentence denotes We might suspect IPD earlier by using qSOFA and lead to the improvement of prognosis, because qSOFA was extremely easy scoring on bedside.
T64753 90813-90824 Sentence denotes Background:
T30635 90825-90913 Sentence denotes Anaerobes are rare causes of spinal infections and constitute less than 4% of all cases.
T71563 90914-90922 Sentence denotes Methods:
T98287 90923-91033 Sentence denotes In this report, we presented a case with Parvimonas micra, a gram-positive anaerobic coccus, spinal infection.
T76700 91034-91267 Sentence denotes We also searched the PubMed database using the terms "spondylodiscitis," "discitis," "spondylitis," "osteomyelitis," "spinal," "vertebral," "Peptostreptococcus," "Micromonas," "Parvimonas" to find similar cases in English literature.
T16429 91268-91373 Sentence denotes The clinical information of all cases, including ours, was extracted and analyzed using SPSS 18 software.
T7364 91374-91382 Sentence denotes Results:
T43298 91383-91476 Sentence denotes Totally, 14 additional cases with P. micra spinal infection were found in English literature.
T44894 91477-91585 Sentence denotes Table 1 shows the demographic data, co-morbidities, and outcomes of patients with P. micra spinal infection.
T73019 91586-91632 Sentence denotes The median age of these patients was 70 years.
T11643 91633-91760 Sentence denotes Over half of the patients were male and nearly half of all cases (46.7%) had dental problems or a prior history of dental work.
T86492 91761-91868 Sentence denotes Back pain (80%), but not fever, was the most common symptom and the median duration of symptom was 6 weeks.
T86350 91869-91934 Sentence denotes Thoracic and lumbar vetebrae were the most commly involved sites.
T30407 91935-92003 Sentence denotes Increased values of inflammation markers were recorded in all cases.
T31214 92004-92054 Sentence denotes Five cases (33.3%) received surgical intervention.
T9606 92055-92171 Sentence denotes The median duration of antimicrobial treatment was 8 weeks and all but one case were cured without clinical relapse.
T97746 92172-92262 Sentence denotes Abbreviation: IQR-interquartile range. a Including malaise, anorexia, fever, and headache.
T63993 92263-92274 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T39783 92275-92484 Sentence denotes In summary, P. micra spinal infection should be considered in patients with a medical history of dental problem or work acccompanied with an insidious onset of back/neck pain and elevated inflammation markers.
T25923 92485-92651 Sentence denotes Acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis caused by influenza A virus: a case report Mei-Yu Su*, Wen-Liang Yu, Che-Kim Tan.
T69758 92652-92734 Sentence denotes Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
T36910 92735-92746 Sentence denotes Background:
T49763 92747-92848 Sentence denotes Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in severe complicated influenza A has been reported in Taiwan.
T1739 92849-92982 Sentence denotes We report refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to Aspergillus pneumonia in a patient with influenza A infection.
T1602 92983-92991 Sentence denotes Methods:
T70929 92992-93117 Sentence denotes A 56-year-old man of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and old cerebrovascular accident suffered from dyspnea for days.
T16617 93118-93178 Sentence denotes He was brought to emergency department on February 20, 2016.
T92819 93179-93322 Sentence denotes Laboratory data revealed WBC, 5200/μL; platelet count, 22,800/μL; procalcitonin, 19.89 ng/ml; lactate, 5.8 mmole/L; and creatinine, 0.68 mg/dL.
T73117 93323-93478 Sentence denotes Arterial blood gas showed pH, 7.29; PCO 2 , 44.5 mmHg; PO 2 , 80 mmHg; HCO 3 , 21.1 mmol/L; Base excess, −5.1 mmol/L; FiO 2 , 65%; and P/F ratio, 123 mmHg.
T48028 93479-93518 Sentence denotes Real Time PCR for FluA showed positive.
T64051 93519-93613 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial therapy included oseltamivir, tamiflu, levofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam.
T61172 93614-93724 Sentence denotes CXR showed diffuse mixed interstitial and alveolar infiltration over bilateral lungs, suspicious of pneumonia.
T16618 93725-93787 Sentence denotes He was intubated and then was admitted to intensive care unit.
T95466 93788-93887 Sentence denotes Initial hemodynamic support with fluid resuscitation and infusion of vasopressor were administered.
T55553 93888-93976 Sentence denotes ARDS occurred with persistent hypoxemia and inhaled nitric oxide therapy on February 25.
T97585 93977-94020 Sentence denotes Aspergillus antigen index was high (>4.43).
T99602 94021-94070 Sentence denotes Intravenous voriconazole was used on February 26.
T30362 94071-94104 Sentence denotes However, spiking fever was noted.
T46615 94105-94180 Sentence denotes Sputum culture yielded Acinetobacter baumannii and Eenterobacter aerogenes.
T48263 94181-94251 Sentence denotes We adjusted antibiotic therapy to imipenem/cilastatin and teicoplanin.
T72554 94252-94260 Sentence denotes Results:
T35983 94261-94370 Sentence denotes After aggressive treatment, poor prognosis was informed to his families about the limit of medical treatment.
T98327 94371-94427 Sentence denotes The patient was critically discharged on March 14, 2016.
T40772 94428-94509 Sentence denotes Conclusion: IPA may complicate influenza pneumonia in a previously healthy adult.
T21650 94510-94619 Sentence denotes Early diagnosis and treatment of Aspergillus infection complicating influenza is mandatory as high mortality.
T7467 94620-94759 Sentence denotes Given the rapid symptom-onset and deterioration, the clinician must be vigilant in promptly diagnosing and treating influenza-like illness.
T24442 94760-94843 Sentence denotes Antibiotics for bacterial co-infection and antifungal therapy should be considered.
T47913 94844-94943 Sentence denotes Finally, corticosteroids in patients with influenza may pose a risk for invasive fungal infections.
T53129 94944-95074 Sentence denotes Concurrent cytomegalovirus colitis and Aspergillus pneumonia in a patient with plasmacytoma Mei-Yu Su*, Wen-Liang Yu, Che-Kim Tan.
T58117 95075-95157 Sentence denotes Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
T49419 95158-95169 Sentence denotes Background:
T42359 95170-95310 Sentence denotes Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections of the gastrointestinal tracts most commonly affected the colon, followed by the small bowel and esophagus.
T26637 95311-95393 Sentence denotes The clinical presentation is largely dependent on the digestive site of infection.
T41208 95394-95461 Sentence denotes Hematemesis can occur in CMV esophagitis, gastritis and duodenitis.
T43270 95462-95541 Sentence denotes We report lower gastrointestinal bleeding caused by CMV infection in a patient.
T42921 95542-95550 Sentence denotes Methods:
T26889 95551-95720 Sentence denotes This 68-year-old woman had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, right femoral neck plasmacytoma with pathologic fracture post bipolar endoprothesis on September, 2016.
T31298 95721-95760 Sentence denotes She suffered from dyspnea for two days.
T52617 95761-95819 Sentence denotes She was brought to emergency department on March 12, 2017.
T1171 95820-96026 Sentence denotes Laboratory data revealed WBC, 5500/μL with 8.9% bandemia; platelet count, 60,000/μL; C-reactive protein, 75.4 mg/L; procalcitonin, 1.28 ng/ml; lactate, 3.1mmole/L; creatinine, 1.4 mg/dL; and K, 6.62 mmol/L.
T92583 96027-96072 Sentence denotes CXR showed consolidations in bilateral lungs.
T27641 96073-96110 Sentence denotes Intubation was done for desaturation.
T23700 96111-96159 Sentence denotes Then she was transferred to intensive care unit.
T72991 96160-96211 Sentence denotes Piperacillin/tazobactam and levofloxacin were used.
T94657 96212-96256 Sentence denotes Levophed and fluid resuscitation were given.
T67608 96257-96296 Sentence denotes Initially treatment showed improvement.
T83288 96297-96402 Sentence denotes Bloody stool was noted and colonoscopy revealed ulcers of ileocecal valve and proximal colon on March 20.
T44280 96403-96531 Sentence denotes However, bloody stool persisted, repeated colonoscopy showed the same lesions and diluted bosmin was injected with hemoclipping.
T91356 96532-96582 Sentence denotes Colon biopsy showed ulceration of ileocecal valve.
TextSentencer_T405 96583-96613 Sentence denotes Blood CMV-PCR showed positive.
TextSentencer_T406 96614-96662 Sentence denotes CMV viral load showed 559,808 IU/mL on March 23.
TextSentencer_T407 96663-96685 Sentence denotes Ganciclovir was given.
TextSentencer_T408 96686-96713 Sentence denotes Bloodly stool was improved.
TextSentencer_T409 96714-96748 Sentence denotes But fever and hypotension occured.
TextSentencer_T410 96749-96816 Sentence denotes CXR showd increased infiltration at both lungs, more at right side.
TextSentencer_T411 96817-96994 Sentence denotes We shifted antibiotics to piperacillin and tigecycline because sputum culture yielded Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
TextSentencer_T412 96995-97003 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T413 97004-97060 Sentence denotes Unstable blood pressure with abdomen guarding was noted.
TextSentencer_T414 97061-97175 Sentence denotes Left decubitus showed moderate free air on liver surface, hollow organ perforation with peritonitis was impressed.
TextSentencer_T415 97176-97221 Sentence denotes Profound shock requred high dose vasopressor.
TextSentencer_T416 97222-97313 Sentence denotes We discussed with surgeons and family, and informed poor prognosis and high mortality rate.
TextSentencer_T417 97314-97364 Sentence denotes Family members declined surgery and requested DNR.
TextSentencer_T418 97365-97399 Sentence denotes She was expired on March 25, 2017.
TextSentencer_T419 97400-97467 Sentence denotes Later, the blood Aspergillus antigen index was 7.3 (normal, < 0.5).
TextSentencer_T420 97468-97566 Sentence denotes Conclusion: CMV disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients.
TextSentencer_T421 97567-97639 Sentence denotes CMV colitis in patients with plasmacytoma is quite rare but challenging.
TextSentencer_T422 97640-97762 Sentence denotes Broader use of sensitive CMV detection methods will certainly bring about more chance to early diagnosis of the infection.
TextSentencer_T423 97763-97910 Sentence denotes Although ganciclovir resulted in symtomatic improvement of blood stool, but hallow organ perforation developed, suggesting colon ulcer perforation.
TextSentencer_T424 97911-97959 Sentence denotes Concurrent Aspergillus pneumonia was unexpected.
TextSentencer_T425 97960-98095 Sentence denotes Higher mortality of severe influenza patients with probable aspergillosis than those with and without other co-infections Wen-Liang Yu.
TextSentencer_T426 98096-98240 Sentence denotes Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
TextSentencer_T427 98241-98252 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T428 98253-98410 Sentence denotes Aspergillus-associated infection might comprise up to 23-29% of severe influenza patients from the community throughout stay in an intensive care unit (ICU).
TextSentencer_T429 98411-98493 Sentence denotes In Taiwan, cases of severe influenza with aspergillosis are increasingly reported.
TextSentencer_T430 98494-98693 Sentence denotes Therefore, we describe the relative risk of mortality among severe influenza patients with aspergillosis and other coinfections compared to severe influenza patients without Aspergillus coinfections.
TextSentencer_T431 98694-98705 Sentence denotes Background:
TextSentencer_T432 98706-98758 Sentence denotes Respiratory infections are commonly seen clinically.
TextSentencer_T433 98759-98876 Sentence denotes We hereby report a young male diagnosed with Lemierre syndrome that initially presented with sore throat and dyspnea.
T24539 98877-98885 Sentence denotes Methods:
T10125 98886-99011 Sentence denotes A previously healthy 20-year-old soldier visited our emergency room (ER) with sore throat, dyspnea, and fevers for five days.
T16904 99012-99207 Sentence denotes When presented to our ER, physical examination revealed bilaterally enlarged tonsils without exudates, and right lower lung crackles; the rest of his physical findings are otherwise unremarkable.
T12813 99208-99276 Sentence denotes Lab showed neutropenia, metabolic acidosis, and acute kidney injury.
T26759 99277-99389 Sentence denotes A chest computed tomography (CT) without contrast showed a right lower lung consolidation, suggesting pneumonia.
T61818 99390-99467 Sentence denotes We thus treated him with intravenous moxifloxacin empirically upon admission.
T43796 99468-99476 Sentence denotes Results:
T36016 99477-99570 Sentence denotes Despite promptly starting antibiotics, intermittent fevers and progressive dyspnea persisted.
T22522 99571-99641 Sentence denotes Blood culture grew anaerobes in preliminary reports on hospital day 3.
T39847 99642-99693 Sentence denotes We shifted his antibiotics to intravenous imipenem.
T98876 99694-99856 Sentence denotes However, his dyspnea and fevers did not resolve after switching to imipenem, and a follow-up CT scan on the hospital day 5 showed a worsening bilateral pneumonia.
T21363 99857-99920 Sentence denotes His final blood culture report yielded Fusobacterium nucleatum.
T39328 99921-100090 Sentence denotes An ambulatory ultrasonography examination of the persistently painful right neck revealed an intravascular mass in right internal jugular vein, suggestive of thrombosis.
T44771 100091-100135 Sentence denotes The diagnosis of Lemierre syndrome was made.
T5030 100136-100231 Sentence denotes He was intubated on hospital day 6, and was added ampicillin/sulbactam in addition to imipenem.
T89013 100232-100386 Sentence denotes A neck CT scan on hospital day 8 (Figure 1 ) clearly demonstrated his right internal jugular vein thrombosis, along with surrounding fat tissue stranding.
T67166 100387-100457 Sentence denotes Right internal jugular vein ligation was performed on hospital day 10.
T77669 100458-100530 Sentence denotes He was successfully extubated after the surgery, and had no more fevers.
T11029 100531-100589 Sentence denotes He was transferred to the general ward on hospital day 11.
T88271 100590-100651 Sentence denotes We then de-escalated his antibiotics to ampicillin/sulbactam.
T34010 100652-100745 Sentence denotes The subsequent clinical course was smooth, and the patient was discharged on hospital day 24.
T37959 100746-100757 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T34316 100758-100874 Sentence denotes Leimerre syndrome has decreased in incidence and been described as "the forgotten syndrome" as antibiotics advances.
T83076 100875-101010 Sentence denotes In a young patient with acute pharyngitis accompanied with signs of septic embolization, Lemierre syndrome should always be considered.
T57081 101011-101022 Sentence denotes Background:
T77288 101023-101211 Sentence denotes Mycoplasma hominis, a well known cause of neonatal infection, has been reported as a pathogen in urogenital infections in adults; however, central nervous system (CNS) infections are rare.
T68444 101212-101361 Sentence denotes We report here the first case of M. hominis meningitis in China, post neurosurgical treatment for an intracerebral haemorrhage in a 79-year-old male.
T74758 101362-101380 Sentence denotes Case presentation:
T7403 101381-101684 Sentence denotes We describe a 79-year-old who developed M. hominis meningitis after neurosurgical treatment and was successfully treated with combined azithromycin and minocycline therapy of two weeks' duration, despite delayed treatment because the Gram stain of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) yielded no visible organisms.
T30486 101685-101770 Sentence denotes The diagnosis required 16S rDNA sequencing analysis of the cultured isolate from CSF.
T2106 101771-101887 Sentence denotes Literature review of M. hominis CNS infections yielded 16 cases (13 instances of brain abscess and 3 of meningitis).
T91571 101888-101962 Sentence denotes Delay in diagnosis and initial treatment failure was evident in all cases.
T58247 101963-102147 Sentence denotes With appropriate microbiological testing, antibiotic therapy (ranging from 5 days to 12 weeks) and often, multiple surgical interventions, almost all the patients improved immediately.
T77910 102148-102159 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T96874 102160-102408 Sentence denotes Both our patient findings and the literature review, highlighted the pathogenic potential of M. hominis together with the challenges prompted by rare infectious diseases in particular for developing countries labs with limited diagnostic resources.
T98267 102409-102513 Sentence denotes Pulmonary mucormycosis in a kidney transplant recipient Yu-An Chen 1 , Chia-Hui Chou 2 , Mao-Wang Ho 2 .
T23914 102514-102525 Sentence denotes Background:
T83346 102526-102613 Sentence denotes Fungi of the order Mucorales are ubiquitous in nature but rarely cause human infection.
T60486 102614-102741 Sentence denotes However, because of the rising amount of immunocompromised patients, the incidence of invasive fungal infection also increased.
T51803 102742-102824 Sentence denotes There was only one case report of pleural empyema related to mucormycosis to date.
T6022 102825-102915 Sentence denotes Here we report the first case in Taiwan and review the literature of the previous reports.
T4446 102916-102924 Sentence denotes Methods:
T10736 102925-103140 Sentence denotes A 54-year-old man with a history of end stage diabetic nephropathy presented to our hospital 35 days after receiving kidney transplantation, complaining progressive dyspnea and pleuritic right chest pain for 5 days.
T77496 103141-103301 Sentence denotes The initial laboratory data showed leukocytosis (WBC 16,200 cells/micro liter) and chest plain film showed right side ill-defined opacity with pleural effusion.
T79374 103302-103383 Sentence denotes Broad-spectrum antibiotic was initiated but the clinical improvement was limited.
T67730 103384-103472 Sentence denotes The pleural effusion Gram's stain and further analysis yielded mold of Rhizopus species.
T61769 103473-103481 Sentence denotes Results:
T15953 103482-103604 Sentence denotes Pig-tail was inserted for pleural effusion drainage, and we started Liposomal Amphotericin B for mold of Rhizopus species.
T20580 103605-103664 Sentence denotes Fever subsided and the respiratory condition also improved.
T87113 103665-103748 Sentence denotes The pig-tail was removed 40 days later when the drainage amount decreased to 30 ml.
T35675 103749-103870 Sentence denotes Liposomal Amphotericin B was discontinued after 25 days of therapy, and was shifted to oral Posaconazole for maintenance.
T53683 103871-103963 Sentence denotes Currently the patient is doing well and received regular follow-up in our outpatient clinic.
T36232 103964-104214 Sentence denotes The advance of solid organ or hematologic stem cell transplantation, improvement of survival in patients with hematologic malignancy, and the increasing number of HIV-infected patients all contributed the enlarged number of immunocompromised patient.
T37045 104215-104296 Sentence denotes And the number of previously rarely, opportunistic infection will rise with time.
T18150 104297-104504 Sentence denotes Obtain the adequate sample and make the right diagnosis will reverse the potentially life-threatening infection of the patients and is of paramount importance to achieve long-term survival in these patients.
T52253 104505-104691 Sentence denotes A retrospective analysis of the posaconazole prevention for acute myeloid leukemia patients receiving induction chemotherapy-induced invasive fungal infection Chia-Hsuan Wu, Hui-Chen Su.
T81961 104692-104766 Sentence denotes Department of Pharmacy, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan Background:
T89623 104767-104843 Sentence denotes Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) consists of a group of hematopoietic neoplasms.
T59291 104844-104968 Sentence denotes The treatment includes induction chemotherapy, consolidation chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.
T82695 104969-105102 Sentence denotes Induction chemotherapy induces severe neutropenia and such immunocompromised patients often become septic shock because of infection.
T33250 105103-105209 Sentence denotes Some clinicians prescribe posaconazole to prevent invasive fungal infection before induction chemotherapy.
T24972 105210-105360 Sentence denotes We want to analyze the posaconazole prevention for acute myeloid leukemia patients receiving induction chemotherapy-induced invasive fungal infection.
T25318 105361-105368 Sentence denotes Method:
T4030 105369-105399 Sentence denotes This is a retrospective study.
T68959 105400-105534 Sentence denotes Patients were diagnosed AML and received induction chemotherapy from 2014 to 2017 at a medical center in southern Taiwan are included.
T89997 105535-105789 Sentence denotes We compare the incidence of invasive fungal infection, the period of neutropenia and the survival rate between two groups, one group consist of patients with posaconazole prevention and the other group consist of patients without posaconazole prevention.
T25906 105790-105798 Sentence denotes Results:
T86293 105799-105844 Sentence denotes There were 25 patients included for analysis.
T12650 105845-105923 Sentence denotes There were 18 patients received posaconazole prevention and 7 patients didn't.
T65332 105924-106105 Sentence denotes The incidence of invasive fungal infection is both 0% in two groups and the period of neutropenia in the prevention group is 17.4 days and 16.1 days in the group without prevention.
T58281 106106-106196 Sentence denotes The survival rate is 59% in the prevention group and 100% in the group without prevention.
T62933 106197-106208 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T99439 106209-106379 Sentence denotes This retrospective analysis reveals that the incidence of invasive fungal infection and the survival rate show no statistically significant difference between two groups.
T7790 106380-106435 Sentence denotes The one month cost of posaconazole is 59769 NT dollars.
T1186 106436-106610 Sentence denotes Suggest clinicians evaluate the necessity of posaconazole prevention for AML patients with induction chemotherapy according to disease severity or the risk rate of infection.
T5955 106611-106719 Sentence denotes The limits of this retrospective analysis include the small sample size and the absence of disease severity.
T40405 106720-106785 Sentence denotes Therefore, we need more cases to evaluate the long-term efficacy.
T14079 106786-106958 Sentence denotes Valganciclovir for treatment of cytomegalovirus disease in kidney allograft recipients Hsin-Lin Lin 1 *, Yu-Feng Tian 2 , Ling-Hsien Lee 2 , Li-Ling Chu 1 , Hui-Chen Su 1 .
T1880 106959-107137 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Pharmacy, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, 2 Division of Transplantation surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan Background:
T11918 107138-107332 Sentence denotes Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a frequent complication after transplantation, with its associated morbidity and poor transplant outcome, represents a serious threat to transplant recipients.
T28556 107333-107405 Sentence denotes Valganciclovir is off-label use to CMV infection after renal transplant.
T86426 107406-107490 Sentence denotes Retrospective chart review of patients with CMV disease treated with valganciclovir.
T37047 107491-107499 Sentence denotes Methods:
T63329 107500-107715 Sentence denotes We retrospectively analyzed data on the diagnosis and treatment of CMV infective complications in 20 patients transplanted between 2008 and 2016 (98 men and 95 women), age at the time of transplantation 21-80 years.
T2751 107716-107724 Sentence denotes Results:
T58099 107725-107764 Sentence denotes The overall CMV infection rate was 10%.
T93042 107765-107937 Sentence denotes The cumulative incidences of CMV infection at 3, 6, 9, 12, 60, 120 and more than 120 months after transplant were 2.6%, 3.6%, 4.1%, 5.2%, 7.3%, 9.8% and 10.4% respectively.
T90455 107938-107986 Sentence denotes Patient survival rate and graft survival is 70%.
T91582 107987-108035 Sentence denotes Duration of Valganciclovir were 78.7 ± 38.7days.
T51851 108036-108116 Sentence denotes 70% of patients with renal function is not affected by CMV infection (P < 0.05).
T70181 108117-108207 Sentence denotes The most combination of immunosuppressant were Tacrolimus plus sirolimus and prednisolone.
T59093 108208-108295 Sentence denotes Conclusion: CMV infection after renal transplant recipients due to high mortality rate.
T58533 108296-108420 Sentence denotes CMV infection did not directly affected graft survival rate, but if immunocompromised patients can be due to patient expire.
T76826 108421-108515 Sentence denotes CMV infection with renal transplant recipients should be closely monitor and active treatment.
T39490 108516-108729 Sentence denotes Increasing risk of Pneumocystis pneumonia among newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis colonization Nan-Yao Lee 1,2,3 , Ming-Chi Li 2,3 , Po-Lin Chen 1,2,3 , Chia-Wen Li 2,3 , Wen-Chien Ko 1,2,3 .
T61213 108730-108944 Sentence denotes 1 Departments of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 2 Department of Internal Medicine, 3 Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan Background:
T89870 108945-109100 Sentence denotes Pneumocystis jirvecii pneumonia (PJP) is a lifethreatening opportunistic infection, and develops primarily among HIV-infected persons with a low CD4 count.
T35462 109101-109178 Sentence denotes The epidemiology of pneumocystis colonization among such patients is unknown.
T8734 109179-109347 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of Pneumocystis colonization and risk factors of Pneumocystis pneumonia among newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients.
T79380 109348-109356 Sentence denotes Methods:
T34213 109357-109473 Sentence denotes A prospective study was conducted at a medical center in southern Taiwan with a one-year follow-up after enrollment.
T37466 109474-109558 Sentence denotes P. jirovecii DNA was detected by real-time PCR and sequencing in oral swash samples.
T55322 109559-109638 Sentence denotes Clinical data were collected from medical charts in a uniform data record form.
T49980 109639-109647 Sentence denotes Results:
T90173 109648-109768 Sentence denotes Of 82 enrolled cases, P. jirovecii DNA was detected in 37 (45.1%) asymptomatic cases, who were recognized as colonizers.
T83551 109769-109919 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences in terms of age, sex, comorbidity, risk factor of HIV infection among participants with or without colonization.
T70984 109920-109999 Sentence denotes Eight (9.8%) cases developed PJP during follow ups and there was no fatal case.
T30286 110000-110078 Sentence denotes Pneumocystis colonization was associated with a lower CD4 count (median [IQR]:
T58619 110079-110337 Sentence denotes 144 (42-308) cells/mm 3 vs. 320 (169-492) cells/mm 3 ; P = 0.007), a higher HIV plasma viral load (1.97 × 10 5 [1.02 × 10 5 -4.24 × 10 5 ] vs. 3.59 × 10 4 (1.28 × 10 4 -7.89 × 10 4 ) HIV RNA copies/mL; P < 0.001), and receipt of steroid treatment (P = 0.03).
T50851 110338-110483 Sentence denotes The incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia for participants with or without colonization was 239.0 and 22.3 cases per 1000 person-year respectively.
T93869 110484-110653 Sentence denotes By the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the cases of Pneumocystis colonization were associated with a higher risk of PJP than those without colonization (Log-rank test, P = 0.04).
T44001 110654-110665 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T46650 110666-110795 Sentence denotes Pneumocystis colonization is not uncommon in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients and associated with an increasing risk of PJP.
T91298 110796-110986 Sentence denotes Increasing urinary tract infections among chronic kidney disease patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria Nan-Yao Lee 1 , An-Bang Wu 2 , Yu-Tzu Chang 2 , Chin-Chung Tseng 2 , Wen-Chien Ko 1 *.
T42991 110987-110998 Sentence denotes Background:
T27463 110999-111092 Sentence denotes Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is more common, and its prevalence is increasing over the world.
T80441 111093-111351 Sentence denotes Asymptomatic bacteriuria, also referred to as bacteriuria or asymptomatic urinary infection, is a common finding among CKD patients with varying prevalence by age, sex, sexual activity, and in both men and women with abnormalities of the genitourinary tract.
T3359 111352-111487 Sentence denotes The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of and the risk factors for asymptomatic bacteriuria among CKD patients.
T50020 111488-111496 Sentence denotes Methods:
T26112 111497-111565 Sentence denotes A prospective study will be conducted at a center in Tainan, Taiwan.
T89999 111566-111723 Sentence denotes Participants if they are aged >20 years with chronic renal disease attending the outpatient clinic will be enrolled in this prospective, observational study.
T14581 111724-111892 Sentence denotes At the initial visit, all subjects were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire and submitted a midstream urine specimen for evaluation of bacteriuria and pyuria.
T94264 111893-112080 Sentence denotes During the subsequent follow-up for one year, the care of participants will be followed the treatment guidelines and clinical practices for CKD according decision of attending physicians.
T91048 112081-112199 Sentence denotes Clinical data will be obtained from a standardized medical chart abstraction by use of uniform data abstraction forms.
T55497 112200-112208 Sentence denotes Results:
T40335 112209-112310 Sentence denotes 482 participants were enrolled, asymptomatic bacteriuria was identified among 41 participants (8.5%).
T94257 112311-112356 Sentence denotes The incidence was 85.1 per 1000 person-years.
T1088 112357-112435 Sentence denotes Participants with diabetes were risk for asymptomatic bacteriuria (P < 0.001).
T30027 112436-112542 Sentence denotes Of 19 (4.0%) cases developed urinary tract infections during following period and there was no fatal case.
T54316 112543-112674 Sentence denotes The participants with asymptomatic bacteriuria (P = 0.017) and diabetic (P = 0.014) participants were risk for development of UTIs.
T24215 112675-112848 Sentence denotes Escherichia coli (30, 70.7%) following Enterococcus species (6, 14.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (3, 7 .3%) were most common identified bacteria of asymptomatic bacteriuria.
T91519 112849-112860 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T85836 112861-112998 Sentence denotes The diabetic was risk factor associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria and developing UTIs among participants with chronic kidney disease.
T33890 112999-113113 Sentence denotes PS 074 CMV colitis with coexisting or false-positive amebic colitis in a HIV patient Wen-Chi Hsu 1 *, Liang Yu 2 .
T75943 113114-113270 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Nursing, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, 2 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan Background:
T22478 113271-113411 Sentence denotes Ameba and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) virus are common pathogens causing gastroenteritis in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient.
T26537 113412-113478 Sentence denotes Symptoms include abdominal pain, watery diarrhea and bloody stool.
T48307 113479-113607 Sentence denotes We report on a HIV patient with delayed diagnosis of CMV colitis, who was initially treated for amebic colitis but with relapse.
T55980 113608-113705 Sentence denotes Rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment are therefore particularly important in these contexts.
T16408 113706-113714 Sentence denotes Methods:
T60395 113715-113734 Sentence denotes Case study Results:
T41761 113735-113803 Sentence denotes A 27 year-old man with HIV infection had water diarrhea for 2 weeks.
T36525 113804-113854 Sentence denotes Fever with general skin rash was noted for 3 days.
T61820 113855-113885 Sentence denotes Then, he visited our hospital.
T45577 113886-113999 Sentence denotes On examination, the temperature was 38.1°C; the blood pressure, 107/68 mm Hg; and the pulse, 84 beats per minute.
T92610 114000-114070 Sentence denotes Diphenhydramin and methylprednisolone were used for suspected allergy.
T23205 114071-114226 Sentence denotes Initial laboratory data showed WBC, 11.200/ μL; CD4 counts, 478/uL; creatinine, 0.65 mg/dL; S-GOT, 664 U/L; S-GPT, 619 U/L and total bilirubin, 2.82 mg/dL.
T72145 114227-114311 Sentence denotes Amoebiasis antibody titer was 1:4096 by using indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA).
T1554 114312-114351 Sentence denotes Metronidazole had been used for 5 days.
T44310 114352-114545 Sentence denotes However, acute hepatitis (S-GOT, 1377 U/L and S-GPT, 1696 U/L), elevated bilirubin (total, 7.77 mg/dL and direct, 5.85 mg/dL) and severe coagulopathy ( prothrombin time, 31.6 seconds) occurred.
T35273 114546-114637 Sentence denotes He was transferred to the intensive care unit for suspected sepsis and acute liver failure.
T33641 114638-114818 Sentence denotes Colonoscopy showed mucosal hyperemia with edema in the whole colon and multiple ulcers in the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum, favoring amebic colitis.
T19563 114819-114889 Sentence denotes Piperacillin/tazobactam and metronidazole had been given for one week.
T25509 114890-114952 Sentence denotes His condition improved and he was transferred to general ward.
T96760 114953-115033 Sentence denotes However, worsening water diarrhea relapsed and episodes of hypotension occurred.
T92726 115034-115087 Sentence denotes The pathology of mucosal biopsy revealed CMV colitis.
T17201 115088-115181 Sentence denotes Meanwhile, blood CMV viral load was 889 IU/mL and CMV antigenemia was 1 cell per 200,000 PMN.
T22406 115182-115243 Sentence denotes The CMV-PCR results were positive in blood and stool samples.
T73180 115244-115337 Sentence denotes Therafter, intravenous ganciclovir achieved rapid improvement of diarrhea and liver function.
T51011 115338-115387 Sentence denotes He was discharged after 3 weeks of hospital stay.
T51344 115388-115399 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T36445 115400-115444 Sentence denotes False-positive amebic IHA was ever reported.
T2429 115445-115547 Sentence denotes Our case highlights the importance of histopathological diagnosis for watery diarrhea in HIV patients.
T29781 115548-115605 Sentence denotes Blood and stool CMV-PCR might help presumptive diagnosis.
T92821 115606-115722 Sentence denotes However, the possibility of CMV colitis alone, following or coexisting with amebic colitis was difficult to discern.
T13795 115723-115842 Sentence denotes CMV activity might be enhanced by steroids, which therapy should be careful in HIV patients even without low CD4 count.
T95303 115843-116112 Sentence denotes Mycobacterium avium complex lung infection in a patient with anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies and previous Mycobacterium abscessus neck lymphadenitis Lih-shinn Wang 1 , Chia-ching Jackie Wang 3 , Cheng-lung Ku 4,5 , Jen-jyh Lee 2 , Chia-jung Chiang 6 , Po-ren Hsueh 7 .
T78898 116113-116124 Sentence denotes Background:
T33617 116125-116206 Sentence denotes Mycobacterium abscessus is extremely difficult to treat and considered incurable.
T86360 116207-116323 Sentence denotes Pulmonary disease caused by M. avium complex (MAC) usually occurs in patients with chronic lung disease or HIV/AIDS.
T36678 116324-116448 Sentence denotes Here we report a case of MAC lung disease with a previous history of M. abscessus lymphadenitis in a 50-yearold female chef.
T21539 116449-116457 Sentence denotes Methods:
T99087 116458-116526 Sentence denotes The patient presented with chronic cough and dyspnea in April, 2013.
T60195 116527-116575 Sentence denotes Sputum was negative for acid-fast bacilli (AFB).
T17749 116576-116660 Sentence denotes Neck computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple cervical lymphadenopathy ( Figure) .
T11349 116661-116735 Sentence denotes Chest HRCT revealed a RUL alveolar lesion and right hilar lymphadenopathy.
T77743 116736-116882 Sentence denotes Multiple fixed enlarged cervical LN's were found along level II-V, right lateral neck with desmoid adhesion to surrounding soft tissue at surgery.
T36887 116883-116951 Sentence denotes Pathology revealed granulomatous inflammation, and AFB was positive.
T13414 116952-117056 Sentence denotes Antituberculosis (TB) treatment was initiated with HERZ (isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampin, pyrazinamide).
T23877 117057-117181 Sentence denotes Sputum culture later grew a non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM), and pyrazinamide was switched to azithromycin in June 2013.
T4125 117182-117278 Sentence denotes She had free T4 of 0.87 ng/ dL, TSH 0.260 uIU/mL, anti-TG 95.1 IU/mL, and anti-TPO 146.1 IU/ mL.
T44761 117279-117349 Sentence denotes Fine needle aspiration in Dec., 2013 revealed Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
T36807 117350-117400 Sentence denotes She completed her anti-TB treatment in Jan., 2014.
T27075 117401-117567 Sentence denotes Pus culture grew M. abscessus, and anti-mycobacterial treatment was switched to clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin at National Taiwan University Hospital in Feb., 2014.
T60641 117568-117664 Sentence denotes The patient could not tolerate ciprofloxacin, which was changed to levofloxacin and doxycycline.
T7936 117665-117776 Sentence denotes The patient did not respond to the new anti-NTM therapy, so she was admitted to Tzu Chi Hospital in April 2014.
T21016 117777-117785 Sentence denotes Results:
T15145 117786-117854 Sentence denotes Chest film revealed RLL infiltrate, and Mycoplasma IgM was positive.
T31183 117855-118021 Sentence denotes Anti-NTM treatment was switched to intravenous tigecycline, levofloxacin and amikacin, in addition to oral clarithromycin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim treatment.
T84653 118022-118074 Sentence denotes Antiinterferon (IFN)-γ autoantibodies were positive.
T37802 118075-118165 Sentence denotes Sputum culture grew a NTM, which was identified as MAC by an official TB Center at Tainan.
T896 118166-118254 Sentence denotes Because the patient responded to the new anti-NTM therapy, we didn't change the regimen.
T17367 118255-118411 Sentence denotes Eventually the neck lymphadenopathy relapsed when we changed her oral anti-NTM treatment to clarithromycin, levofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim.
T9244 118412-118467 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, the patient succumbed to this infection.
T54020 118468-118479 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T27689 118480-118586 Sentence denotes Patients of M abscessus lung disease could have coexisting or previous history of MAC pulmonary infection.
T52857 118587-118714 Sentence denotes Anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies may play a role in mycobacterial infections, particularly in persons without predisposing conditions.
T45413 118715-118954 Sentence denotes Patients with M. abscessus pulmonary disease should be treated with multidrug anti-mycobacterial therapy based on susceptibility test results whenever available, and surgical resection may offer a more favorable response in selected cases.
T54351 118955-119214 Sentence denotes Mycobacterium mucogenicum infection presenting with generalized follicular hyperplasia and prurigo nodularis in an immunocompetent patient Lih-shinn Wang 1 , Ting-shu Wu 2 , Chia-ching Jackie Wang 3 , Cheng-lung Ku 2,4 , Yung-hsiang Hsu 5 , Pau-yuan Chang 6 .
T67430 119215-119226 Sentence denotes Background:
T46848 119227-119358 Sentence denotes Mycobacterium mucogenicum is a rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) frequently isolated from tap water or from respiratory specimens.
T31475 119359-119476 Sentence denotes It is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts.
T86101 119477-119485 Sentence denotes Methods:
T22681 119486-119568 Sentence denotes A 69-year-old male florist had a medical history of BPH, anemia, and hypertension.
T96483 119569-119741 Sentence denotes He started taking a health drink called "Imumio Miracle Water," which was hydrogen enriched water with "Super Lutein" produced by Naturally Plus Company, in mid Aug., 2015.
T3747 119742-119834 Sentence denotes He then developed nodular skin lesions involving bilateral upper limbs 2-3 weeks thereafter.
T573 119835-119904 Sentence denotes He lost 3 kg of weight, and had intermittent fevers since Sep., 2015.
T20250 119905-119959 Sentence denotes He stopped taking the health drink in late Sep., 2015.
T7652 119960-120121 Sentence denotes Whole body Gallium scan revealed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, and chest computed tomography (CT) revealed cervical, axillary and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.
T39798 120122-120196 Sentence denotes ESR was 103 mm/hr, CRP 5.85 mg/dL, cold agglutinin 1:128 (+), and CMV IgG:
T56451 120197-120207 Sentence denotes 144 AU/mL.
T63374 120208-120295 Sentence denotes He was referred to Infectious Diseases service under the impression of Kikuchi disease.
T99119 120296-120304 Sentence denotes Results:
T35013 120305-120431 Sentence denotes The skin lesions were consistent with prurigo nodularis. ( Figure. ) Sputum culture grew a non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM).
T84651 120432-120538 Sentence denotes He was started on azithromycin, rifabutin and ethambutol for possible MAC, although HIV test was negative.
T80911 120539-120560 Sentence denotes MAC PCR was negative.
T67111 120561-120613 Sentence denotes Anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies were also negative.
T54467 120614-120670 Sentence denotes Axillary biopsy did not show lymphoma, or toxoplasmosis.
T39356 120671-120749 Sentence denotes Additional lymph node biopsy by mediastinoscopy revealed lymphoid hyperplasia.
T70877 120750-120853 Sentence denotes He remained febrile, and anti-NTM treatment was switched to tigecycline and meropenem for possible RGM.
T79228 120854-120899 Sentence denotes Bone marrow biopsy was negative for lymphoma.
T17688 120900-120958 Sentence denotes Clarithromycin was added, and the patient became afebrile.
T31509 120959-121147 Sentence denotes The isolate was finally identified as M. mucogenicum, and susceptibility testing showed susceptible to clarithromycin, tigecycline, imipenem, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and linezolide.
T95133 121148-121310 Sentence denotes The patient had oral clarithromycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and linezolide at OPD, but we soon discontinued sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim due to allergy.
T48185 121311-121568 Sentence denotes The skin lesions resolved a few weeks after initiating the combination treatment, and repeat Ga scan and chest CT demonstrated resolution of lymphadenopathy, but follow up ESR and CRP levels were still high after anti-NTM treatment for a total of 18 months.
T52760 121569-121658 Sentence denotes The patient did not have thrombocytopenia with linezolid treatment throughout the course.
T39859 121659-121715 Sentence denotes Testing of the health drink did not show M. mucogenicum.
T23534 121716-121847 Sentence denotes Conclusion: M. mucogenicum is often of no clinical significance, but it can cause systemic illness even in an immunocompetent host.
T82232 121848-121961 Sentence denotes The basis of combination antimicrobial therapy should be based on susceptibility test results whenever available.
T12213 121962-122005 Sentence denotes The optimal duration of therapy is unknown.
T85642 122006-122123 Sentence denotes Fulminant liver failure secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus reactivated in a chronic hepatitis B Hui-Chun Chao.
T21864 122124-122185 Sentence denotes Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center
T75128 122186-122197 Sentence denotes Background:
T54914 122198-122344 Sentence denotes The frequency of liver dysfunction or abnormal liver enzyme values during the course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ranges from 19% to 60%.
T70825 122345-122437 Sentence denotes Patients with SLE have a 25-50% chance of developing abnormal liver tests in their lifetime.
T61503 122438-122545 Sentence denotes In many cases, the prevalence of the concomitant hepatopathy is higher when associated with SLE than alone.
T70497 122546-122667 Sentence denotes Use of these drugs in patients with previous HBV infection can result in severe liver damage if the virus is reactivated.
T38412 122668-122680 Sentence denotes Case Report:
T33331 122681-122771 Sentence denotes This 52-year-old man, a business man working in China previously, had hepatitis B and SLE.
T56385 122772-122855 Sentence denotes He began to have leg edema and bowel habit change and hyperbilirubinemia was found.
T42802 122856-123041 Sentence denotes Gastroenterologist suspected "acute cholestatic hepatitis or chronic hepatitis B with reactivation, decompensated status." Baraclude was started, however bloody stools passage occurred.
T41373 123042-123260 Sentence denotes Colonscopy were repeated and showed a large nearly circumfrential rectal ulcer with out-pouched sac and large blood clots, and blood-covered mucosa from rectum to terminal ileum with much blood clots at terminal ileum.
T56315 123261-123349 Sentence denotes After admitted to our ICU, there were only intermittent bloody stools in the first days.
T79512 123350-123426 Sentence denotes Dyspnea aggravated and was suspected due to lung edema r/o pneumonia by CXR.
T13450 123427-123556 Sentence denotes He received endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation after failure of diuresis/albumin and high flow nasal cannula use.
T97535 123557-123686 Sentence denotes Fever was present on admission and recurred up to 40 degree Piperacillin/ tazobactam and moxifloxacin were given since admission.
T50882 123687-123826 Sentence denotes Pre-liver transplant computed tomography scan showed suspicious lower rectal perforation and then sigmoid loop colostomy performed on 3/31.
T18111 123827-124019 Sentence denotes After further discussion with radiologist, SLE vasculitis involving several major vessels was suspected, which rendered liver transplant not feasible according to the radiologist's suggestion.
T47353 124020-124069 Sentence denotes His liver function also continued to deteriorate.
T99055 124070-124126 Sentence denotes Due to severe coagulopathy, recurrent bleeding occurred.
T3136 124127-124186 Sentence denotes ICH was suspected when dilated and fixed pupils were found.
T1329 124187-124267 Sentence denotes Brain image could not be performed due to unstable oxygenation and hemodynamics.
T3683 124268-124336 Sentence denotes After discussion with his wife, she requested for comfort care only.
T9214 124337-124378 Sentence denotes He finally passed away after 2days later.
T10828 124379-124390 Sentence denotes Conculsion:
T77386 124391-124542 Sentence denotes Liver dysfunction in the presence of SLE can be caused by many factors, but when at the time of SLE onset, either SLE itself or drugs can be the cause.
T62577 124543-124649 Sentence denotes The features of liver dysfunction and its causes need to be elucidated and considered before treating SLE.
T47905 124650-124845 Sentence denotes Multiple opportunistic infections in a patient of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis Pin-Chuan Lin 4 , Li-Shinn Wang 1 , Shih-Tzu Tsai 2 , Ya-Ju Wu 5 , Chih-Bin Lin 3 , Teng-Yi Lin 6 .
T20444 124846-125133 Sentence denotes 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, 2 Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, 3 Division of Chest Medicine, 4 Department of Internal Medicine, 5 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, and 6 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan Background:
T42117 125134-125384 Sentence denotes Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA; also known as Churg-Strauss syndrome) usually presents as recurrent asthma that cannot be controlled without systemic steroids, which, unfortunately, increases the risk of opportunistic infections.
T82488 125385-125393 Sentence denotes Methods:
T32426 125394-125537 Sentence denotes We report a 36-year-old male electronics processing staff presented to the Emergency Department with a rapid onset fever with productive cough.
T47318 125538-125852 Sentence denotes He'd been hospitalized for many times in recent 5 years due to recurrent asthma requiring oral prednisolone, and pneumonia, including a Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia 2 years ago and an aspergillosis pneumonia 6 months ago He recovered from 4 months of voriconazole treatment, which had been stopped for 2 months.
T32495 125853-125924 Sentence denotes Complete blood count showed peripheral eosinophilia during the attacks.
T79404 125925-125989 Sentence denotes He also developed palpitation and neuropathy since 3 months ago.
T74307 125990-126230 Sentence denotes Physical examination demonstrated a fever of 39.7°C, tachycardia at 122 bpm, wheezing and basal crackle breath sounds, elastic nontender purplish nodules at fingers and palms, and paresthesia and muscle atrophy predominantly at both thighs.
T20899 126231-126422 Sentence denotes Chest X-ray showed interstitial infiltration and lab tests demonstrated leukocytosis of 21,940/μL, eosinophilia of 65%, elevated procalcitonin of 67.54 ng/mL, and elevated CRP of 13.37 mg/dL.
T33161 126423-126431 Sentence denotes Results:
T29739 126432-126499 Sentence denotes The patient was given piperacillin/tazobactam as empiric treatment.
T19198 126500-126622 Sentence denotes He then developed ventricular fibrillation on hospital day 2, and was intubated and transferred to medical ICU after CPCR.
T63226 126623-126704 Sentence denotes Chest X-ray showed consolidation with air bronchogram in both lungs ( Figure 1 ).
T16117 126705-126750 Sentence denotes Cardiac echo demonstrated global hypokinesia.
T8908 126751-126993 Sentence denotes EGPA was diagnosed according to the 1990 ACR diagnostic criteria, treatment with high dose intravenous methylprednisolone and rituximab started, and his eosinophilia, leukocytosis, and pulmonary infiltration on chest X-ray gradually subsided.
T85939 126994-127036 Sentence denotes His intermittent fevers persisted, though.
T84905 127037-127181 Sentence denotes Blood, urine, and stool cultures were negative for common pathogens, and influenza, HSV, CMV, Cryptococcus, P. jirovecii, and HIV were negative.
T75312 127182-127283 Sentence denotes A sputum culture grew Candida albicans, and Aspergillus DNA tests were equivocal in blood and sputum.
T5673 127284-127486 Sentence denotes The patient became afebrile and procalcitonin and CRP levels returned to normal limits after antibiotics were shifted to the combination of meropenem, tigecycline and caspofungin after several attempts.
T94747 127487-127637 Sentence denotes Finally, the patient was confirmed to have CMV replication by positive CMV pp67, and was discharged after completing 14 days of ganciclovir treatment.
T3998 127638-127650 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T40030 127651-127807 Sentence denotes Opportunistic infections should be considered when fever with abnormal procalcitonin and CRP levels persists despite that EGPA was grossly under controlled.
T32348 127808-127876 Sentence denotes Cardiac involvement may lead to life-threatening arrhythmia in EGPA.
T37982 127877-127888 Sentence denotes Background:
T37266 127889-128217 Sentence denotes Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is increasingly recognized in critically ill immunocompetent patients because of previous studies demonstrated an association between CMV disease and increased mortality rates, prolonged intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and nosocomial infections.
T5346 128218-128394 Sentence denotes Molecular assays are now considered to be the "gold standard" for assessment of human CMV infection and disease in those at risk from severe associated clinical manifestations.
T88321 128395-128546 Sentence denotes The nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay, CMV pp67 late Gene transcripts (CMVpp67) is suggested by published reports for reliable prognosis.
T46490 128547-128555 Sentence denotes Methods:
T76451 128556-128738 Sentence denotes We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of patients in medical, surgical and burn intensive care units (ICU) with positive and negative detection of human CMVpp67.
T98188 128739-128856 Sentence denotes We compared the characteristics of 18 patients with positive CMVpp67 with those of 64 patients with negative CMVpp67.
T53535 128857-128865 Sentence denotes Results:
T90963 128866-129088 Sentence denotes Under the univariate analysis, patients with positive CMV pp67 are associated with higher proportion of sepsis (56.2:83.3%, p = 0.036), longer ICU lengths of stay ( p = 0.004), and longer hospitalization days ( p = 0.002).
T9719 129089-129248 Sentence denotes However, after considering all the variables in the multivariate analysis, there were no statistical significances among all the variables and CMV pp67 status.
T57776 129249-129373 Sentence denotes In addition, we also found that CMV pp67 status was not associated with the mortality rate (OR = 0.07, 95%CI = <0.001-9.09).
T99707 129374-129693 Sentence denotes But those who died were associated with more different antibiotics use (OR = 2.3, 95%CI = 1.05-5.05), higher percentage of vasopressor use (OR = 206.5, 95%CI = 5.52->999.99), higher prevalence of end stage renal disease (OR = 195.1, 95%CI = 2.27->999.99) but shorter hospitalization days (OR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.93-1.00).
T34129 129694-129705 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T87674 129706-129962 Sentence denotes In conclusion, in our cross sectional study, within critically ill patients, there were no correlation of positive CMV pp67 with the characteristics we assumed to be; therefore, we couldn't tell if there is any parameter with higher positive CMV pp67 rate.
T72113 129963-130034 Sentence denotes In addition, positive CMV pp67 wasn't related to higher mortality rate.
T97299 130035-130190 Sentence denotes Owing to controversial results compared to previous studies, further larger sample size studies are necessary to develop more accurate correlation results.
T63230 130191-130202 Sentence denotes Background:
T41307 130203-130490 Sentence denotes The establishment of bacterial species identification through gene sequencing triggered an increase in the reported cases of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection caused by new bacterial species, which prompted the urgent need for the establishment of diagnosis and treatment regimens.
T61043 130491-130499 Sentence denotes Methods:
T6104 130500-130532 Sentence denotes The patient was a man at age 64.
T39144 130533-130626 Sentence denotes Upon being observed with minor hemoptysis in December 2011, the patient visited our hospital.
T18778 130627-130810 Sentence denotes Granular patterns were observed dominantly in the rightlung, along with bronchodilation and partial cavitary lesion, which led to the suggested diagnosis of pulmonary mycobacteriosis.
T70183 130811-130910 Sentence denotes Sputum and bronchoscopically-extracted bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were examined for mycobacteria.
T18743 130911-131107 Sentence denotes While both specimen were identified with mycobacteria specularly±and in culture positive, TB and MAC-PCR found it negative, and it was confirmed unidentifiable through DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH).
T99890 131108-131338 Sentence denotes The case was then followed up as pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection but observed with gradual progression of the lesion, which led to two courses of sputum cultivation to identify the mycobacteria in September 2016.
T53909 131339-131466 Sentence denotes While the cultures were identified positive, both TB-LAMP and MAC-PCR returned negative results, and DDH failed to identify it.
T35033 131467-131548 Sentence denotes In order to identify the causal bacteria, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted.
T40926 131549-131557 Sentence denotes Results:
T470 131558-131625 Sentence denotes 16Sr RNA gene sequencing found it 100% phasic with M. shinjukuense.
T64276 131626-131883 Sentence denotes As the clinical and bacteriological findings suffice the criteria by American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America Guideline, the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection triggered by the said bacteria.
T66522 131884-132061 Sentence denotes Conclusion: M. shinjukuense, initially reported in Japan in 2011, is a new type of non-tuberculous mycobacteria belonging to the 3rd bacterial group under Runyon classification.
T46594 132062-132307 Sentence denotes Because tuberculosis complex rapid diagnostic techniques like Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct (MTD) or Transcription-reverse transcription concerted method (TRC) occasionally return a false-positive result, diagnosis requires an extra caution.
T87975 132308-132418 Sentence denotes There are reports of chemotherapies using CAM/RFP/EB and INH/RFP/EB, suggesting the treatments' effectiveness.
T16675 132419-132651 Sentence denotes A probable case of Mycobacterium gordonae infection presenting as cervical lymphadenopathy and fever of unknown origin Sy-harn Lian 1 , Lih-shinn Wang 1,2 , Jen-jyh Lee 1,3 , Ying-huei Chen 4 , Huei-jen Chao 4 , Chia-jung Chiang 5 .
T71231 132652-132982 Sentence denotes 1 School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, 3 Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 4 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, 5 Ministry of Health and Welfare Chest Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan Background:
T94080 132983-133075 Sentence denotes Mycobacterium gordonae, a scotochromogenic nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), is ubiquitous.
T52499 133076-133170 Sentence denotes Many isolates represent colonization or contamination of the specimen, but not true infection.
T91416 133171-133179 Sentence denotes Methods:
T20221 133180-133274 Sentence denotes This 24-year-old woman, a nurse of a local clinic, presented with a 3-month history of fevers.
T15050 133275-133423 Sentence denotes She started with intermittent fevers of 40°C, with blood-tinged sputum, sore throat, vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting and headache.
T44408 133424-133486 Sentence denotes She also noted a mass on the right neck, 3 centimeter in size.
T76298 133487-133531 Sentence denotes Additionally, she had recurrent oral ulcers.
T5681 133532-133578 Sentence denotes Her grandmother had a history of tuberculosis.
T44753 133579-133618 Sentence denotes She had a history of exposure to a dog.
T92593 133619-133667 Sentence denotes No drug, toxin or travel history was identified.
T88540 133668-133676 Sentence denotes Results:
T91474 133677-133972 Sentence denotes The complete blood counts with differential count and platelet count, blood cultures, blood chemistries, ESR, CRP, urinary analysis, purified protein derivative skin test, abdominal sonography, chest radiograph and high resolution computed tomography of the chest revealed unremarkable findings.
T44539 133973-134072 Sentence denotes The acid-fast stain of sputum showed equivocal result in only one of the initially three specimens.
T40263 134073-134122 Sentence denotes Only one of the three sputum cultures grew a NTM.
T89332 134123-134234 Sentence denotes The head and neck CT showed bilaterally enlarged neck lymph nodes over level II/III, especially right level II.
T22099 134235-134527 Sentence denotes The survey of Streptococcus A, Cryptococcus, M. pneumoniae, syphilis, HIV, CMV and HSV, revealed unremarkable results, and no infectious sources were identified despite the investigations by the dermatologist, gynecologist, otolaryngologist, dentist and gallium-67-labeled leukocyte scanning.
T5018 134528-134616 Sentence denotes No malignancies were found by examining CEA, CA15-3, CA125, CA19-9, and by colonoscopy .
T47053 134617-134877 Sentence denotes The surveys of autoimmune diseases, including T3, T4, TSH, anti-TG, anti-TPO, C3, C4, ferritin, IgA, IgG, IgM, rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, anti-Jo-1, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, anti-CENPB, anti-Scl-70 , anti-Sm, anti-RNP and anti-nDNA, were negative.
T63004 134878-134934 Sentence denotes The anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies were also negative.
T57382 134935-135037 Sentence denotes The NTM was further idntified as M. gordonae by PCR at an official Mycobacterium reference laboratory.
T62765 135038-135224 Sentence denotes The diagnosis was established by one equivocal AFB stain and only one positive culture result, which did not fit American Thoracic Society Diagnosis Criteria for pulmonary NTM infection.
T81609 135225-135375 Sentence denotes However, the patient became afebrile with rifampicin, ethambutol and isoniazid treatment, and the cervical lymphadenopathy resolved a few weeks later.
T94202 135376-135530 Sentence denotes All the associated symptoms were gone and the patient cured without relapse with a total of 11months of the anti-NTM treatment and 12 months of follow-up.
T36850 135531-135542 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T8925 135543-135621 Sentence denotes The most effective treatment regimen for M. gordonae has not been established.
T29610 135622-135727 Sentence denotes However, the clinical response to specific antimycobacterial therapy indicates possible disease presence.
T240 135728-135777 Sentence denotes The recommended duration of therapy is not known.
T34388 135778-135962 Sentence denotes The accuracy of GeneXpert test as the first-line mycobacterium tuberculosis identification tool in a regional hospital in south Taiwan Chih-Hsiung Kao, Chiung-Yin Chuang, Tzu-Wei Juan.
T84301 135963-136035 Sentence denotes Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Taiwan
T30739 136036-136047 Sentence denotes Background:
T60053 136048-136261 Sentence denotes The GeneXpert test is a new automated molecular test which detects the DNA in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB), as well as testing for the genetic mutations associated with resistance to the drug Rifampicin (RIF).
T98408 136262-136387 Sentence denotes Some organizations have claimed that the GeneXpert test is going to revolutionize the diagnosis and care of patient with MTB.
T34528 136388-136459 Sentence denotes It provides results directly from sputum specimen in less than 2 hours.
T50056 136460-136613 Sentence denotes WHO recommended that the test should be used as the initial diagnosis test in individuals suspected of having Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB).
T64256 136614-136857 Sentence denotes The purpose of our study was to assess the performance to detection of drug resistant MTB of the GeneXpert Test compared to conventional culture methods when implemented into the normal clinical workflow of a regional hospital in south Taiwan.
T36251 136858-137056 Sentence denotes Methods: WHO emphasized that the GeneXpert MTB/RIF test does not eliminate the need for conventional microscopy culture and drug sensitivity testing (DST), as it detects both live and dead bacteria.
T91956 137057-137231 Sentence denotes We assessed the performance of GeneXpert test from April 2015 to April 2017 with all of new directly sputum smear acidfast bacilli (AFB) stain positive tuberculosis suspects.
T35896 137232-137402 Sentence denotes Each new AFB smear-positive patient's specimen was processed with reflecting GeneXpert test and then sent to our referral laboratory for conventional MTB culture and DST.
T49786 137403-137411 Sentence denotes Results:
T47084 137412-137538 Sentence denotes A total of 40 patients with suspected pulmonary MTB who had a smear positive AFB sputum specimen were enrolled into the study.
T29593 137539-137641 Sentence denotes Among these 40 patients, 39(97.5%) had no prior history of MTB and 1(0.25%) were retreatment MTB case.
T21993 137642-137727 Sentence denotes Overall, 32(80%) samples were culture positive, 8(20%) samples were culture negative.
T46209 137728-137818 Sentence denotes Both GeneXpert and conventional DST revealed 32 (100%) MTB isolates had no RIF resistance.
T12912 137819-137927 Sentence denotes There was 100% agreement between the GeneXpert and conventional DST results in detecting RIF resistance MTB.
T17808 137928-137939 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T91503 137940-138097 Sentence denotes This study showed and verified the accuracy of GeneXpert test, and this result was similar to those of some early experimental findings and previous reports.
T33643 138098-138270 Sentence denotes The main advantages of the GeneXpert test are, for diagnosis, reliability when compared to sputum microscopy and the speed of getting the result when compared with culture.
T6684 138271-138368 Sentence denotes For diagnosis of MTB, although sputum microscopy is both quick and cheap, it is often unreliable.
T13552 138369-138498 Sentence denotes Although culture gives a definitive diagnosis, to get the result usually takes weeks rather than the hours of the GeneXpert test.
T25557 138499-138645 Sentence denotes Multiple skin nodules in a post-renal-transplantation woman Jia-Yin Guo, Mao-Wang Ho, Chia-Hui Chou, Yuan-Ti Lee, Chiu-Ching Huang, Wen-Shin Hsih.
T94816 138646-138742 Sentence denotes Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Background:
T7057 138743-138811 Sentence denotes Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in soiil and water.
T73143 138812-138912 Sentence denotes Mostly, NTM only cause disease in whom with impaired host defense, such as immunosupressed patients.
T19420 138913-139080 Sentence denotes Mycobacterium haemophilum is belonging to the group of NTM, which frequently found in environmental habitats, and known to cause cutaneous and subcutaneous infections.
T12001 139081-139188 Sentence denotes Mycobacterium haemophilum infection is hard to treat and there is no standard guidelines are available now.
T94479 139189-139297 Sentence denotes Hence, we share a patient infected with cutaneous Mycobacterium haemophilum responded well to the treatment.
T9921 139298-139306 Sentence denotes Methods:
T14494 139307-139514 Sentence denotes A 75-year-old female with a history of type 2 DM and end stage renal disease received renal transplantation 18 years ago, was under mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone as immunosuppression drug for years.
T66857 139515-139641 Sentence denotes She got a left wrist contussion injury and received tranditional chinese herbal medicine applied on the wound 6 months before.
T73177 139642-139861 Sentence denotes Initially, the wound swelled with erythematous base, later much erythematous papules developed along forearm, fingers and face, then progressed to tender nodules, ruptured with odorous pus, and poor healing ulcers left.
T36080 139862-139988 Sentence denotes She was admitted under the impression of cellulitis, which pus culture yield NTM, Mycobacterium haemophilum by molecular test.
T86005 139989-140061 Sentence denotes She received antibiotics with rifampin, moxifloxacin and clarithromycin.
T91879 140062-140123 Sentence denotes Immunosuppression was adjusted to low dose prednisolone only.
T24616 140124-140256 Sentence denotes However, due to persistant poor healing wound, antibiotics was adjusted to rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin and doxycycline.
T54447 140257-140343 Sentence denotes Clarithromycin was withdrawn on the second week for suspected side effect of vomiting.
T14357 140344-140396 Sentence denotes Tigecycline was added for secondary wound infection.
T17626 140397-140525 Sentence denotes In addition, plastic surgeon suggested wound care with hypochlorous acid and Microdacyn 60 and performed local debridement once.
T15616 140526-140534 Sentence denotes Results:
T35439 140535-140637 Sentence denotes After admission for one month, there was progressive epithelialization over skin defects of left hand.
T85648 140638-140689 Sentence denotes No more new nodules were found over the integument.
T18994 140690-140762 Sentence denotes She was discharged with oral rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin.
T89485 140763-140830 Sentence denotes After 3 months of treatment, her skin lesion had totally recovered.
T81696 140831-140842 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T86413 140843-141060 Sentence denotes In immunocompromised host with ulcerating skin lesion, M. haemophilum infection should be taken into consideration, especially when AFB is seen by direct microscopy while routine mycobacterial cultures remain sterile.
T89004 141061-141139 Sentence denotes In most cases, recovery after prolonged antimycobacterial treatment is common.
T45666 141140-141515 Sentence denotes Control of community outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in three aboriginal villages of Hualien County in eastern Taiwan Cheng Po-Pin 1,2 , Lee Jen-Jyh 1,2 , Lin Chih-Bin 1,2 , Sun Hung-Chieh 4 , Wang Lih Shinn 1, 3 Spoligotyping identified the Beijing strain as the predominant genotype (n = 49, 65.4%), followed by Haarlem H3 (n = 19, 25.3%), and T1(n = 1, 1.3%).
T90929 141516-141591 Sentence denotes Six (8.0%) isolates did not match any spoligotype in the spolDB4 data base.
T81527 141592-141753 Sentence denotes We have determined that 18 (24.0%) isolates were determined to have a unique pattern and 57 (76.0%) were clustered pattern strains (classifying into 6 clusters).
T37723 141754-141976 Sentence denotes The largest cluster (E cluster) belonged to the Beijing genotype and included 26 cases, 12 of whom lived in the same community (ShilinTownship) of 1346 inhabitants with close relationship (relatives, neighbors or friends).
T95446 141977-142213 Sentence denotes The second largest cluster (F cluster) belonged to the Haarlem H3 genotype and comprised 19 patients, 18 of them lived in another community (Hechung Township) of 470 inhabitants with close relationship (relatives, neighbors or friends).
T35012 142214-142305 Sentence denotes All 75 MDR-TB patients in three aboriginal villages were enrolled in the DOTS-Plus program.
T60968 142306-142420 Sentence denotes Five cases were still in treatment, and among 70 patients with final outcomes, 56 (80%) were treated successfully.
T50100 142421-142501 Sentence denotes The prevalence of MDR-TB patients improved dramatically over the last ten years.
T38889 142502-142651 Sentence denotes The proportion of MDR-TB patients with a clustered pattern strain in the three aboriginal villages of Hualien County in eastern Taiwan was very high.
T34352 142652-142878 Sentence denotes The control of community outbreak of MDR-TB is successful over the last 10 years. (See figure) PS 086 Tuberculosis in patients with active malignancy and transplant recipients Louisa J Sun, Heather L Isenman, Catherine WM Ong.
T2147 142879-142968 Sentence denotes Division of Infectious Diseases, National University Health System, Singapore Background:
T26998 142969-143071 Sentence denotes Transplant recipients and patients with malignancies are at high risk of developing tuberculosis (TB).
T67447 143072-143168 Sentence denotes Diagnosis may be delayed in this group of patients as they often present with atypical symptoms.
T51537 143169-143337 Sentence denotes We reviewed the clnical characteristics and treatment outcomes cancer patients and transplant recipients who developed TB in our center in a moderate TB burden country.
T16962 143338-143346 Sentence denotes Methods:
T15364 143347-143496 Sentence denotes Patients with malignancies and transplant recipients were identified from a database of total 724 active TB cases from January 2013 to December 2015.
T42037 143497-143724 Sentence denotes Medical records were reviewed we analysed clinical characteristics including mortality outcomes, site of infection, chemotherapy regimes, duration from transplant to infection, TB drug regimens used and treatment complications.
T23458 143725-143733 Sentence denotes Results:
T8182 143734-143829 Sentence denotes In 3 years, we found 73 cancer patients and 6 transplant recipients who were diagnosed with TB.
T78528 143830-143946 Sentence denotes Lung and haematological cancers accounted for 22% each of the total number of TB cases diagnosed in cancer patients.
T2231 143947-143979 Sentence denotes The median age was 59 years old.
T2578 143980-144030 Sentence denotes Pulmonary TB was the most common site of TB (82%).
T13217 144031-144071 Sentence denotes Other sites included lymph node and gut.
T66537 144072-144166 Sentence denotes Of concern, a large majority of patients with pulmonary TB were smear negative (39 out of 60).
T62925 144167-144219 Sentence denotes Diagnosis was made by positive GeneXpert or culture.
T6836 144220-144282 Sentence denotes 89% of patients had received chemotherapy, including steroids.
T30529 144283-144488 Sentence denotes Patients were treated with standard first-line TB drugs, except for 5 haematology patients who received rifampicin-sparing regimes and 8 oncology patients who received levofloxacin instead of pyrazinamide.
T32113 144489-144543 Sentence denotes 11 patients developed treatment-related complications.
T4876 144544-144574 Sentence denotes All cause-mortality was 22.2%.
T2928 144575-144667 Sentence denotes The transplant group comprised of 4 renal and 2 haematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT).
T84783 144668-144710 Sentence denotes There were no liver transplant recipients.
T88376 144711-144743 Sentence denotes The median age was 53 years old.
T86501 144744-144845 Sentence denotes 4 patients had pulmonary TB, of which 3 had positive sputum smears, indicating high infectivity rate.
T11822 144846-144954 Sentence denotes 3 of four renal transplant recipients developed TB at a median of 6 years post-transplant (range 5-7 years).
T37666 144955-145019 Sentence denotes Both HSCT patients developed TB within 6 months post-transplant.
T56372 145020-145098 Sentence denotes All but 1 patient were still on immunosuppression at the time of TB diagnosis.
T26816 145099-145238 Sentence denotes Of the 4 patients who completed treatment, rifampicinsparing regimes were used, with drug-associated complications occurring in 2 patients.
T85483 145239-145304 Sentence denotes The median treatment duration was 9.5 months (range 9-15 months).
T19146 145305-145335 Sentence denotes All-cause mortality was 14.3%.
T96613 145336-145347 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T41680 145348-145505 Sentence denotes Transplant patients and patients with active malignancy who develop TB are at risk of complications of disease and treatment, and have a high mortality rate.
T19839 145506-145629 Sentence denotes Efforts to decrease active TB rates in this group of immunocompromised patients can reduce patient morbidity and mortality.
T3368 145630-145838 Sentence denotes Serum ferritin levels predict disease severity in pediatric dengue infections Tzong-Shiann Ho 1,2,3 , Han Lee 1 , Ning Chung 1 , Fu-Chun Kuo 1 , Ching-Fen Shen 1 , Shih-Min Wang 1,2,3 , Ching-Chuan Liu 1,3 *.
T3985 145839-145850 Sentence denotes Background:
T60645 145851-146011 Sentence denotes As one of the most prevalent mosquito-borne infectious diseases, dengue results in various clinical outcomes ranging from mild fever to fatal hemorrhagic shock.
T19468 146012-146091 Sentence denotes There is continuously an unmet clinical need for biomarkers of dengue severity.
T61321 146092-146167 Sentence denotes Macrophage activation has been recently observed in severe dengue patients.
T13660 146168-146240 Sentence denotes Serum ferritin is also one of the macrophage activation markers in vivo.
T77273 146241-146364 Sentence denotes This study aims to clarify the relationship between serum ferritin levels and the development of severe dengue in children.
T10411 146365-146373 Sentence denotes Methods:
T90483 146374-146573 Sentence denotes Patients younger than 18 years admitted to a tertiary medical center in southern Taiwan with laboratory-confirmed dengue infections during the 2015 dengue outbreak were included in the current study.
T94475 146574-146710 Sentence denotes Epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations and laboratory data of these patients were analyzed by electronic chart record.
T93701 146711-146839 Sentence denotes Serum ferritin levels were determined in patients with available specimens by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.
T42467 146840-146848 Sentence denotes Results:
T90626 146849-146975 Sentence denotes Totally seventy-two pediatric dengue patients (40 males) were grouped by the updated World Health Organization classification.
T1395 146976-147075 Sentence denotes Among them, 53 patients (73.6%) were with warning signs, 6 (8.3%) were classified as severe dengue.
T22593 147076-147286 Sentence denotes Serum ferritin levels was significantly increased in patients with clinically severe dengue (7298 ± 1497 ng/mL) compared with dengue with warning signs (1008 ± 261.3 ng/mL) and age-matched healthy participants.
T45695 147287-147520 Sentence denotes Serum ferritin levels are higher in severe cases on 4th day of dengue infection, a cut-off value of 2377 ng/mL also predicted severe dengue in children with area under curve 0.9853 in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.
T80665 147521-147529 Sentence denotes Results:
T71307 147530-147639 Sentence denotes 40 patients were histopathologically confirmed as KFD, and the mean age of the patients was 13.9 ± 3.1 years.
T17760 147640-147673 Sentence denotes The male to female ratio was 1:1.
T29949 147674-147824 Sentence denotes The lymph node involvements were often cervical (95%) with features of unilateral predisposition (75%), polyadenopathy (84.4%) and tenderness (56.3%).
T64881 147825-147899 Sentence denotes Fever, cough, rhinorrhea, and tonsillitis were other common presentations.
T31340 147900-148072 Sentence denotes Laboratory findings included leukopenia (56.5%), monocytosis (63.6%), and positive results of EB-VCA IgG (88.9%), EB-VCA IgM (22.2%), EBEA IgG (22.2%) and EBNA IgG (88.9%).
T34251 148073-148257 Sentence denotes The univariate analysis of prolonged fever with lymphopenia, monocytosis, thrombocytopenia and necrotizing type in histopathology was disclosed as statistically significant (P < 0.05).
T2049 148258-148397 Sentence denotes Glucocorticoids and Hydroxychloroquine were administered in 15.6% of patients respectively, along with symptomatic treatments for the rest.
T99307 148398-148476 Sentence denotes Recurrence occurred in 11.1% of patients without Hydroxychloroquine treatment.
T78989 148477-148643 Sentence denotes In situ hybridization was performed using internal repeat 1 fragment DNA and EBV-coded small RNA (EBER-1) for EBV, and showed that cases were negative for EBV genome.
T71891 148644-148826 Sentence denotes Conclusion: KFD should be suspected in children with febrile cervical lymphadenopathy, especially when concomitant with leukopenia, monocytosis and past Epstein-Barr virus infection.
T22410 148827-148953 Sentence denotes Lymphopenia, monocytosis, thrombocytopenia and necrotizing type in histopathology are reliable predictors for prolonged fever.
T24594 148954-149033 Sentence denotes Our results suggest EBV may not have causative role in the pathogenesis of KFD.
T28810 149034-149156 Sentence denotes Epidemiology of RSV and Non-RSV acute bronchiolitis and effectiveness of palivizumab Chia-Wan Tang 1 *, Kai-Shen Hsieh 2 .
T3290 149157-149286 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Pediatrics, An-Tai Medical Care Corporation Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, 2 Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.
T952 149287-149298 Sentence denotes Background:
T60336 149299-149393 Sentence denotes Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes 50-90% of acute bronchiolitis and 4-50% of pneumonia.
T51522 149394-149481 Sentence denotes Almost 40-60% of all infants infected in the first year and 85-90% infected by age two.
T261 149482-149618 Sentence denotes Reinfection is common, even within one respiratory season and children tend to have increased risk wheezing episode after RSV infection.
T57029 149619-149808 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to study the epidemiology of RSV and non-RSV acute bronchiolitis and the effectiveness of Palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody produced by recombinant DNA technology.
T74153 149809-149817 Sentence denotes Methods:
T45792 149818-150030 Sentence denotes A retrospective review of the medical records of children under 2 years of age with acute bronchiolitis hospitalized in a tertiary medical center (VGHKS) in southern Taiwan between January 2005 and December 2014.
T15380 150031-150095 Sentence denotes The patients were grouped in two: RSV positive and RSV negative.
T92014 150096-150228 Sentence denotes We checked the gender and age distribution from the two groups and in addition, we reviewed the duration of hospitalization as well.
T44912 150229-150237 Sentence denotes Results:
T23576 150238-150331 Sentence denotes There were 1727 patients hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis, and (16%) were RSV infections.
T71411 150332-150444 Sentence denotes The male to female distribution was 148 vs 96 in the RSV positive group and 944vs 539 in the RSV negative group.
T6272 150445-150624 Sentence denotes RSV bronchiolitis had longer hospital stays (9 vs. 7 days, P < 0.0001), and the patients suffer from RSV related bronchiolitis were younger of age (0.23 vs 0.5 years, P < 0.0001).
T75520 150625-150705 Sentence denotes Conclusion: RSV related acute bronchiolitis has different seasonality in Taiwan.
T58081 150706-150810 Sentence denotes This disease cause higher morbidity in younger infants and has a more prolonged length of hospital stay.
T18959 150811-150880 Sentence denotes Children who received Palivizumab had less RSV related bronchiolitis.
T39940 150881-151054 Sentence denotes Fever of unknown origin as the first manifestation of malignancies in Albanian adults Migena Qato, Najada Como, Arjan Harxhi, Pellumb Pipero, Iris Koshovari, Dhimiter Kraja.
T31531 151055-151133 Sentence denotes Infectious Diseases Service, UHC "Mother Theresa", Tirana, Albania Background:
T74937 151134-151369 Sentence denotes In the last 60 years, there have been many researches on the various causes of fever, as the definitions and patterns of disease have changed and serological and imaging tools are improved estabilishing in this way the diagnose sooner.
T3051 151370-151491 Sentence denotes Tumoral pathologies are often presented as prolonged febrile syndromes, with fever as the only dominant clinical pattern.
T72982 151492-151601 Sentence denotes In everyday practice they also represent a considerable number of misdiagnoses, mainly infectious nosologies.
T77763 151602-151754 Sentence denotes Considering that tumors and fever are already a solid clinical binomial, the febrile profile has become the most attractive part of tumoral pathologies.
T62807 151755-151763 Sentence denotes Methods:
T11767 151764-151835 Sentence denotes Our study includes 123 cases, during 2010-2015, age groups 20-70 years.
T37862 151836-152091 Sentence denotes The epidemiological study is based on a survey, according to gender, age group and residence; the clinicaldiagnostic study is based on detailed anamnesis, epidemiological survey, clinical, biological, biochemical, microbiological and serological research.
T33122 152092-152100 Sentence denotes Results:
T89297 152101-152158 Sentence denotes Epidemiological Males were 79 cases and females 44 cases.
T99582 152159-152225 Sentence denotes Mean age was 45 years old, resident in town 82 and countryside 41.
T84324 152226-152237 Sentence denotes Clinical A.
T29202 152238-152585 Sentence denotes Topography/tumor Head and neck 9 (Cerebral tumor 7,thyroid 2) Thorax 11(pulmonar adenocarcinoma 8, breast 3 ) Gastrointestinal tract 49 (gastric cancer 4, colon 16, pancreas 15, liver 8, billiary tract 6) Blood 46 (leucosis 19, lymphoma 17, myeloma 8, Hairy Cell Leukemia 2) Urogenita tract 8 (renal cancer 2, prostatic 2, seminoma 1, ovarian3) B.
T8926 152586-153084 Sentence denotes Type of fever/ tumor Continuous (cerebral 3, thyroid 2, pulmonar 6, colon 6, intestinal 1, pancreas 5, acute leucosis 8, billiary tract 2, renal 1, seminoma1, breast 1) Remmitent (cerebral 2, colon 5, intestinal 2, pancreas 4, liver 2, billiary tract 2, acute leucosis 2, HCL 2, seminoma 1,breast 2) Intermmitent (cerebral 2, pulmonar 2, liver 6, billiary tract 2, pancreas 6, colon 5, renal 1) Recurrent (lymphoma 7, acute leucosis 6, myeloma 2) Ondulant (lymfoma 10, acute leucosis 3, myeloma 6).
T91622 153085-153096 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T57890 153097-153186 Sentence denotes We identified 17 types of febrile tumors, with fever as the first clinical manifestation.
T52599 153187-153276 Sentence denotes Tumor fever debuted in 5 different types; continuous fever dominated with 29.3% of cases.
T37168 153277-153443 Sentence denotes Diagnostic orientation to malignances followed a detailed anamnestic, laboratory and imagery screening which excluded important infectious disease in the first place.
T10115 153444-153586 Sentence denotes At the end of this study we are convinced that the febrile profile is also an important diagnostic tool for a rapid diagnosis of malignancies.
T53000 153587-153788 Sentence denotes Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and therapeutic survey on HCV infection in hemodyalisis patients Najada Como, Migena Qato, Esmeralda Meta, Pellumb Pipero, Arjan Harxhi, Elda Zogu, Dhimiter Kraja.
T78602 153789-153853 Sentence denotes Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa"
T63971 153854-153865 Sentence denotes Background:
T62973 153866-153975 Sentence denotes Patients of hemodialysis actually represent a target group closely related to infection by hepatitis C virus.
T10641 153976-154197 Sentence denotes Efforts to manage this group of patients are strongly focused on both; the clinical profiling of infected patients and their adecuate treatment, always aiming at the efficacy and maximum safety for these patients Methods:
T93522 154198-154389 Sentence denotes During a one year period, out of 863 hemodialysis patients, we selected 55 patients who resulted anti-HCV IgM positive, agegroup 20-75 years old who had different underlying chronic diseases.
T27141 154390-154551 Sentence denotes Patients evidenced a creatine clearance of <10 ml/ min, detectable anti-HCV antibody and HCV-RNA in the serum, and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
T92440 154552-154673 Sentence denotes Patients HIV and Hepatitis B coinfections and patients with decompensated hepatic cirrhosis were excluded from the study.
T13371 154674-154768 Sentence denotes Patients underwent monotherapy with pegylated interferon Alfa 2a 135mcg per week for 24 weeks.
T81495 154769-154777 Sentence denotes Results:
T99372 154778-154816 Sentence denotes Epidemiological and clinical findings:
T8552 154817-155152 Sentence denotes 55 patients with mean age 43.5 years, F / M 1.16 ratio, average time in hemodialysis 10.5 years and underlying diseases: chronic renal failure −55 cases, acute pielonephritis −1, renal polycystosis −6, congenital renal atrophy −1, nephrolithiasis-2, transplant −2, nefrectomy-3, arterial hypertension-2, and spondiloarthrosis −1 cases.
T7587 155153-155277 Sentence denotes Laboratory data evidenced elevated serum level of ALT which varied from 98 to 2047UI/L and bilirubine levls up to 2.3 mg/dL.
T46028 155278-155391 Sentence denotes Laboratory data also evidenced anemia in 53 cases, leucopenia 43 cases and thrombocytopenia 46 cases Therapeutic:
T88288 155392-155575 Sentence denotes Peginterferon Alfa 2a monotherapy resulted with sustained virological response in 60% of cases (mean HCVRNA at baseline 3.6 × 10 (5) and in the end of 24 weeks resulted undetectable).
T31168 155576-155689 Sentence denotes Conclusion: HCV infection in hemodyalisis patients remains the major cause of chronic liver and its complication.
T35593 155690-155936 Sentence denotes Each of our patients evidenced a mild clinical form of hepatitisprobably related to immunocompromised status and HD procedure and the adverse effects of peginterferon therapy appeared minimal compared to the efficacy of treatment in our patients.
T66467 155937-156021 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, at the end, the HCV infection negatively impacts survival on dialysis.
T71717 156022-156203 Sentence denotes Monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis predicting factors: a prospective case series study in a single center Tsung-Yu Huang 1,2 , Yao-Hung Tsai 3 , Hui-Ju Chuang 3 , Wei-Hsiu Hsu 3 *.
T62696 156204-156424 Sentence denotes 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of ascertain whether the clinical presentation and outcome for patients with this disease differ for those infected with a gramnegative as compared to gram-positive pathogen.
T35568 156425-156433 Sentence denotes Methods:
T99864 156434-156548 Sentence denotes Seventy patients with monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis were examined prospectively from April 2015 to May 2017.
T81685 156549-156719 Sentence denotes All patients received prompt radical debridement, adequate broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, aggressive resuscitation with or without adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
T97825 156720-156851 Sentence denotes Thirty-nine patients were infected with a gram-negative pathogen (Group 1) and 31 patients with a gram-positive pathogen (Group 2).
T31013 156852-156860 Sentence denotes Results:
T24169 156861-157192 Sentence denotes Group 1 was characterized by a higher incidence of marine related events, hemorrhagic bullae, tachypnea and septic shock, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score, a higher rate of bandemia, bacteremia, hypoalbumenia and a lower prevalence of Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score (LRINEC score).
T86124 157193-157323 Sentence denotes Higher International Normalize Ratio (INR), lower level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen were more prevalent in Group 1.
T74394 157324-157536 Sentence denotes Shorter time to diagnosis, fewer delay diagnosis for necrotizing fasciitis, a higher rate of acute respiratory failure and higher admission rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission were more common in Group 1.
T74506 157537-157612 Sentence denotes In a multivariate analysis, marine related events (odds ratio ( Background:
T7579 157613-157808 Sentence denotes Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is widely known as the pathogen that usually causes chickenpox and shingle in primary infected patients and reactivation of endogenous latent virus host respectively.
T79213 157809-157882 Sentence denotes However, VZV-caused pneumonia is quite rare comparing to the skin lesion.
T13319 157883-157891 Sentence denotes Methods:
T20675 157892-158075 Sentence denotes This is a 42-year-old male without any chronic illness was admitted because of skin eruptions, fever up to 40 degree, coughing with little sputum, general malaise and muscle soreness.
T56456 158076-158270 Sentence denotes Laboratory data revealed leukocytosis with monocyte predominate, percentage of band form neutrophil and atypical lymphocyte elevation, and liver enzyme was two times higher than the upper limit.
T19002 158271-158279 Sentence denotes Results:
T89670 158280-158446 Sentence denotes On admission, chest X-ray film showed coarse lung markings in the bilateral lungs with diffused reticulonodular density which developed into interstitial pneumonitis.
T33281 158447-158601 Sentence denotes Under the medication of dexamethasone 5 mg Q12H and acyclovir 250 mg Q8H for 5 days, his skin lesion started crusting and his pulmonary symptoms improved.
T29373 158602-158613 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T70791 158614-158674 Sentence denotes This is our first proven case of VZV pneumonia in this year.
T69566 158675-158862 Sentence denotes Although pulmonary involvement of VZV is uncommon, we should be kept in mind in order to prevent patient from severe VZV pneumonia causing disaster which often require ventilator support.
T48776 158863-158878 Sentence denotes The Background:
T48494 158879-159261 Sentence denotes Diclofenac, one of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), was reported to be associated with the alleviation in the severity of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), due to its inhibitory effect on phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), which play important roles in disruption of epithelial integrity and gut inflammatory response induced by C. difficile toxin A.
T47262 159262-159338 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of NSAID exposure on CDI.
T48264 159339-159347 Sentence denotes Methods:
T22960 159348-159467 Sentence denotes A published mouse model of CDI, which was induced by prior exposure to antibiotics and proton pump inhibitor, was used.
T87105 159468-159609 Sentence denotes The mice were fed by diclofenac at the dose of 5 μg/kg or 10 μg/kg or phosphate buffered saline (as the control) by oral gavage prior to CDI.
T10963 159610-159780 Sentence denotes The severity of CDI, including body weight change, stool consistency, cecum and colon length, and bacterial burden of C. difficile in the cecum and stool, were evaluated.
T92937 159781-159885 Sentence denotes The mRNA and protein levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Cox-2 were determined in the colonic tissues.
T55977 159886-159894 Sentence denotes Results:
T98732 159895-159966 Sentence denotes Cox-2 and PGE2 were highly expressed in the colonic tissues during CDI.
T10491 159967-160024 Sentence denotes PGE2 levels were decreased after treated with diclofenac.
T4401 160025-160240 Sentence denotes The severity of colitis induced by C. difficile, including body weight loss, cecum weight loss, and cecum length shortening, was decreased in the diclofenac-treated mice as compared the vehicle-treated control mice.
T39373 160241-160460 Sentence denotes Besides, treatment with diclofenac at either dose can decrease the bacterial burden of C. difficile in the cecum and stool, and also reverse the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in the microbiota of cecum and stool.
T45965 160461-160472 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T47428 160473-160546 Sentence denotes Treatment of diclofenac attenuates the severity of CDI in a murine model.
T40388 160547-160692 Sentence denotes Use suppository form of metronidazole to avoid encephalopathy side-effect Huai-En Lu 1 , Li-Hsin Tsao 2 , Yuarn-Jang Lee 3,4 , Shu-Chen Chien 1 .
T35942 160693-160722 Sentence denotes Background/Case Presentation:
T84922 160723-160841 Sentence denotes A 65-year-old man was diagnosed rectal cancer in 2011 and recurrent perianal abscess since 2012 for more than 4 years.
T66702 160842-160992 Sentence denotes All his pus cultures yield Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Finegoldia magna, Eggerthella lenta, Anaerococcus prevotii, and Bacteroides uniformis.
T57350 160993-161133 Sentence denotes He was followed in infectious outpatient department and taken metronidazole plus ceftibuten for relapse perianal abscess recently since Dec.
T76975 161134-161139 Sentence denotes 2016.
T17027 161140-161202 Sentence denotes However, dizziness and ataxia developed about one month later.
T66240 161203-161355 Sentence denotes Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy was diagnosed by clinical symptoms and image study, and reversibly improved symptoms after metronidazole cessation.
T24148 161356-161482 Sentence denotes But, untolerable side-effect and uncontrolled infection noted when received other antibiotics for anaerobic pathogen covering.
T99596 161483-161601 Sentence denotes Thus, we tried to re-challenge metronidazole to achieve well infection control and to avoid it associated side-effect.
T48748 161602-161613 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T73265 161614-161712 Sentence denotes Our problem was how to avoid metronidazole related encephalopathy when re-challenge metronidazole.
T12410 161713-161834 Sentence denotes Our hospital has different dosage form of metronidazole, including entericcoated tablets, injection, suppository and gel.
T2313 161835-161953 Sentence denotes We thought suppository form (supp.) is a good choice base on pharmacokinetics of metronidazole for perianal infection.
T38805 161954-162053 Sentence denotes The rectal absorption of metronidazole was about one-half or even less of that oral administration.
T71658 162054-162150 Sentence denotes Hepatic first-pass elimination of metronidazole may partially avoid after rectal administration.
T58786 162151-162267 Sentence denotes Therefore, we used metronidazole 250 mg supp. every night for few days then titrated to 500mg supp. every six hours.
T57792 162268-162360 Sentence denotes The discharge got better and no more metronidazole related encephalopathy symptoms observed.
T34124 162361-162372 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T71695 162373-162465 Sentence denotes Encephalopathy has been reported in patients who received metronidazole or some antibiotics.
T3654 162466-162535 Sentence denotes Different dosage form of drug is another choice to avoid side-effect.
T81426 162536-162634 Sentence denotes And we also need to consider site of infection, severity of infection and bioavailability of drug.
T27803 162635-162835 Sentence denotes Salmonella osteomyelitis: a single center, retrospective case series with literature review Chin-Kang Wan 1 , Da-Wei Wang 1 , Cheng-Hua Huang 1 *, Wen-Chun Hsu 2 , Ming-Hsueh Tsai 2 , Li-Min Chang 2 .
T30816 162836-162967 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital Taipei, 2 Clinical Pathology, Cathay General Hospital Taipei Background:
T40454 162968-163122 Sentence denotes Salmonellae cause a broad spectrum of illness including gastroenteritis, typhoid fever, or extraintestinal manifestations through hematogenous metastases.
T48415 163123-163333 Sentence denotes Salmonella osteomyelitis is an uncommon extraintestinal manifestation and especially rare in patients without predisposing factors such as sickle cell disease, systemic lupus erythematosus or immunocompromised.
T74403 163334-163480 Sentence denotes Previous studies reported that Salmonella osteomyelitis accounts for only 0.8% of all Salmonella infection and 0.45% of all type of osteomyelitis.
T78418 163481-163579 Sentence denotes We herein present 5 immunocompetent cases of Salmonella osteomyelitis without sickle cell disease.
T70709 163580-163588 Sentence denotes Methods:
T74541 163589-163754 Sentence denotes 128 patients were diagnosed of Salmonella bacteremia between January 2006 and April 2017 at Cathay General Hospital, and clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.
T52998 163755-163763 Sentence denotes Results:
T89975 163764-163852 Sentence denotes All patients were older than 60 and three of them were female, showing age predilection.
T66926 163853-164024 Sentence denotes Three patients were diagnosed of vertebral osteomyelitis, one patient was diagnosed of tibial osteomyelitis and the remaining one patient was suspected to be sacroiliitis.
T54342 164025-164232 Sentence denotes All patients received protracted antibiotics treatment according to susceptibility and two patients received prolonged antibiotic administration with add-on probenecid for recurrent salmonella osteomyelitis.
T24271 164233-164315 Sentence denotes No patients underwent surgical intervention and all patients survived the disease.
T61854 164316-164327 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T76193 164328-164394 Sentence denotes Salmonella osteomyelitis is rarely seen in immunocompetent adults.
T71555 164395-164492 Sentence denotes Duration of antibiotics is of paramount in treating these patients to avoid relapses and failure.
T56187 164493-164654 Sentence denotes Add-on therapy with probenecid in relapses of salmonella osteomyelitis has never been reported in preceding studies and its efficacy is encouraging in our study.
T11244 164655-164751 Sentence denotes Further studies are needed to investigate this approach in patients of salmonella osteomyelitis.
T53591 164752-165086 Sentence denotes Distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamases, AmpC βlactamases, and carbapenemases among Enterobacteriaceae isolates causing intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections in the Asia-Pacific region from 2008 through 2014: results of the study for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends (SMART) Shio-Shin Jean 1 , Po-Ren Hsueh 2 .
T20380 165087-165098 Sentence denotes Background:
T73409 165099-165387 Sentence denotes To investigate the antimicrobial resistance and assess the molecular characteristics of β-lactamases (ESBL, AmpC βlactamases, carbapenemases) among Enterobacteriaceae isolates that caused intra-abdominal infections (IAI) in patients hospitalized in the Asia-Pacific region during 2008-14.
T4565 165388-165396 Sentence denotes Methods:
T87852 165397-165524 Sentence denotes Multiplex PCR assay was applied for detecting the specific types of β-lactamases in 2893 isolates with ertapenem MICs >0.5 g/L.
T18003 165525-165594 Sentence denotes In-hospital acquisition times for most isolates were also delineated.
T34513 165595-165603 Sentence denotes Results:
T1434 165604-165850 Sentence denotes Among 2728 isolates proven with β-lactamase production, the rates of non-susceptibility to imipenem were low (average= 7.9%) among IAI Enterobacteriaceae isolates from all Asia-Pacific countries except Vietnam (17.7%) and the Philippines (10.2%).
T17587 165851-165962 Sentence denotes A stepwise and significant increase in annual rates of carbapenemase production among these isolates was noted.
T11973 165963-166057 Sentence denotes CTX-M-15, and CTX-M-14 were the dominant ESBL variants in most IAI Enterobacteriaceae species.
T87346 166058-166206 Sentence denotes The most abundant AmpC β-lactamase variants were bla CMY-2 among isolates of Escherichia coli and bla DHA-1 among isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
T4874 166207-166385 Sentence denotes In addition, the IAI Enterobacteriaceae isolates harboring the bla CMY-2 and bla DHA-1 alleles were associated with high community-acquired rates (38.0% and 42.6%, respectively).
T18385 166386-166461 Sentence denotes AmpC ACT and MIR variants were mostly detected in IAI Enterobacter species.
T75536 166462-166642 Sentence denotes The IAI bla NDM-1, 4, 5, 7harboring isolates of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae were mostly commonly identified among IAI isolates from Vietnam and the Philippines.
T41698 166643-166740 Sentence denotes Also of note, bla OXA-48 -harboring IAI Enterobacteriaceae isolates were detected in the Vietnam.
T61272 166741-166752 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T37358 166753-166964 Sentence denotes The high resistance burden in Vietnam and the Philippines warrants aggressive control policies to combat the worsening resistance trend in antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae isolates causing IAIs.
T657 166965-166976 Sentence denotes Background:
T4516 166977-167201 Sentence denotes The Brugada syndrome is a well-known autosomal dominant genetic disorder (sodium channel SCN genes: SCN5A or SCN10A…etc) which predominates in male, and one of the major reasons for sudden cardiac death in middle age adults.
T4651 167202-167332 Sentence denotes Brugada syndrome had been widely discussed but the prevalence has not been well studied, and the risk factors are still in debate.
T3731 167333-167399 Sentence denotes We found a case of influenza A infection induced Brugada syndrome.
T32507 167400-167408 Sentence denotes Methods:
T52017 167409-167535 Sentence denotes Patient was a 64-year-old previously healthy nonsmoker man who had been traveled to Taitung four days prior to this admission.
T26303 167536-167641 Sentence denotes He denied any contact experiences but suffered from dry cough with rhinorrhea and myalgia for three days.
T57557 167642-167773 Sentence denotes He visited Fenglin Veterans Hospital where rapid flu test was positive for influenza A, and the patient received Relenza treatment.
T43144 167774-167974 Sentence denotes Two days before the admission, he had a new onset of intermittent retrosternal pain which was not aggravated by exertion or relieved at rest, and could be radiated to upper back and last 5-10 minutes.
T22338 167975-168049 Sentence denotes There was no fever, no nausea or vomiting during chest tightness attacked.
T31732 168050-168170 Sentence denotes At our Emergency room, he was afebrile with 36 o C, blood pressure was 118/53 mmHg; Heart rates was 63 beats per minute.
T73942 168171-168251 Sentence denotes On physical examination, he had cold sweats, regular heart beats without murmur.
T9493 168252-168311 Sentence denotes Chest x-ray film showed bilateral lower lungs infiltration.
T32655 168312-168393 Sentence denotes Serial ECG showed intermittent AV dissociation, downsloping ST-elevation at V2-4.
T42564 168394-168402 Sentence denotes Results:
T54235 168403-168471 Sentence denotes On admission, troponin I levels were elevated from 0.05 to 0.1ng/ml.
T3478 168472-168529 Sentence denotes He had no obvious chest pain or cardiopulmonary distress.
T7558 168530-168604 Sentence denotes Repeat throat swab for influenza PCR test confirmed influenza A infection.
T76357 168605-168700 Sentence denotes The serial ECG showed Brugada pattern and cardiac echo revealed mild anterior wall hypokinesis.
T4685 168701-168810 Sentence denotes Coronary angiogram revealed non-significant stenosis of left main artery and left anterior descending artery.
T42998 168811-168848 Sentence denotes Aspirin and statin were administered.
T77272 168849-168963 Sentence denotes His general condition was much improved after treatment, and chest x-ray showed decreased bilateral infiltrations.
T6856 168964-169087 Sentence denotes He was discharged with much improvement six days after admission, and followed up at Infectious Disease and Cardiology OPD.
T96689 169088-169175 Sentence denotes Later, the gene laboratory at National Taiwan University confirmed SCN5A gene mutation.
T13905 169176-169187 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T42962 169188-169336 Sentence denotes Brugada electrocardiographic changes has not yet been associated with Influenza in current medicine, only two case reports were found on the Pubmed.
T51598 169337-169536 Sentence denotes However, this time we had genetic with clinical evidence shows that Infuenza A may had related to induce Brugada syndrome, which gives more information in study groups for Brugada syndrome in Taiwan.
T32022 169537-169693 Sentence denotes Herpes zoster sacral with dysfunction of the urinary bladder and anorectal muscle Como Najada, Meta Esmeralda, Kraja Dhimiter, Pipero Pellumb, Harxhi Arjan.
T68086 169694-169767 Sentence denotes Infectious Diseases Departament UHC "Mother Theresa" Tirane Introduction:
T74269 169768-169949 Sentence denotes Affect of visceral organs during herpes zoster is rare phenomena, althought very important because can occur diagnostic and therapeutic errors, exacerbated the progress of diseases.
T48022 169950-169968 Sentence denotes Case Presantation:
T67850 169969-170059 Sentence denotes A 61 years old men was hospitalized in our clinic as herpes zoster sacral multidermatomes.
T54209 170060-170240 Sentence denotes He presents vesicular eruption in the sacral region including 4 dermatomes, associated with urinary retension and combustion, preceded by pain of lower limbs started a week before.
T81916 170241-170433 Sentence denotes After 5 days abdominal pain occours, pain in the right testicle, fever, the hipersensitivity during palpacion on right part of abdomen; urinary catheter settled as result of urinary retension.
T74 170434-170692 Sentence denotes In lab exams resulted high level of leukocytes, pyuria, (blood culture sterile, urinary culture P aeruginosa), in abdominal imaging (ultrasound, CT scan) identified fluid in duglas, and hydrocele at the right epidedimis, which resulted an orchioepididimitis.
T62743 170693-170740 Sentence denotes EMG was in its normal physiological parameters.
T58481 170741-170818 Sentence denotes The case is being treated with acyclovir oral and locally, antibiotics, NSAI.
T52337 170819-171003 Sentence denotes Defecation was settled in 6th day of hospitalization;eruption began to disappear by the 13th day, while during persist urinary retention and urinary catheter was removed after 5 weeks.
T22215 171004-171016 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T72921 171017-171225 Sentence denotes Case was considered Herpes Zoster sacral complicated with urinary bladder dysfunction, the extended urinary retension, urosepsis by P Aeruginosa, anorectal dysfunction with constipation and erectile emphatic.
T46493 171226-171387 Sentence denotes Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacteremia: an uncommon zoonotic pathogen Chu-chun Lin 1 , Lih-shinn Wang 1,2 , Huei-jen Chao 3 , Si-shiuan Peng 3 , Teng-yi Lin 3 .
T68000 171388-171657 Sentence denotes 1 School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Hualien Tzu-Chi Hospital, Taiwan, 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Buddhist Hualien Tzu-Chi Hospital, Taiwan Background:
T88843 171658-171726 Sentence denotes Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae usually infects animals but not humans.
T9008 171727-171858 Sentence denotes Patients with history of wild animals contacts should be considered as having an infection caused by an uncommon zoonotic pathogen.
T49039 171859-171867 Sentence denotes Methods:
T86091 171868-171994 Sentence denotes Patient was a 44-year-old man with HBV infection, alcoholic liver cirrhosis, gastric and esophageal varices, and hypertension.
T64844 171995-172153 Sentence denotes He just had an admission for cellulitis and blood culture grew Streptococcus equinus, which is always abundant in the feces of horses, but uncommon in humans.
T19492 172154-172255 Sentence denotes He was sent to Yu-Li Tzu Chi hospital for altered consciousness with bloody vomiting for a few hours.
T91599 172256-172385 Sentence denotes At ER, he had a mild fever of 38.5°C, with blood pressure of 169/72 mmHg, and pale conjunctivae and icteric sclerae were noticed.
T46917 172386-172438 Sentence denotes Then he was transferred to Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital.
T4617 172439-172621 Sentence denotes Lab data showed normocytic anemia with hemoglobin of 7.3 g/dL, thrombocytopenia with platelet count of 38,000/uL, and a white blood cell count of normal range but with bandemia (7%).
T61062 172622-172697 Sentence denotes Elevated NH3, AST, TBI, DBI, PT and aPTT, and decreased albumin were noted.
T3381 172698-172894 Sentence denotes He was diagnosed of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and a systemic infection with unknown source, and was given PRBC and platelet transfusion, pantoprazole, tranexamic acid, and terlipressin.
T71544 172895-172955 Sentence denotes Flomoxef was initiated as an empirical antibiotic treatment.
T4908 172956-172964 Sentence denotes Results:
T79179 172965-173126 Sentence denotes Panendoscopy revealed gastric varices and small erosive shallow bleeding ulcers at antrum and body, and he had histoacryl injection and Argon plasma coagulation.
T49423 173127-173218 Sentence denotes Because of previous S. equinus bacteremia, the patient might have a unique contact history.
T12152 173219-173354 Sentence denotes On the second hospital day, blood culture grew an uncommon gram-positive bacillus, with borderline gram-negative staining ( Figure A) .
T4792 173355-173419 Sentence denotes Clear rod-shaped bacteria were seen on blood smear ( Figure B ).
T85083 173420-173561 Sentence denotes The colonies grew selectively on blood agar plate ( Figure C) , and the H 2 S precipitation was seen on triple sugar iron media ( Figure D) .
T59264 173562-173621 Sentence denotes The isolate was identified as Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.
T64420 173622-173703 Sentence denotes The patient indeed had a recent exposure to wild boars, deer and Formosa muntjac.
T24652 173704-173751 Sentence denotes Flomoxef was switched to ceftriaxone treatment.
T11467 173752-173895 Sentence denotes Echocardiography did not reveal vegetation, and Gallium-67 whole body inflammation scintigraphy did not demonstrate any source of inflammation.
T83933 173896-173937 Sentence denotes The patient was afebrile after admission.
T98 173938-173994 Sentence denotes All laboratory data were improving during hospital stay.
T45523 173995-174057 Sentence denotes Then he was discharged after 15 days of ceftriaxone treatment.
T64580 174058-174135 Sentence denotes Conclusion: E. rhusiopathiae occurs most commonly as an occupational disease.
T23305 174136-174205 Sentence denotes Penicillins and cephalosporins are the drugs of choice for treatment.
T6839 174206-174342 Sentence denotes A fatal case of primary sternal osteomyelitis presenting as anterior wall abscess Chen Peichen 1 , Wang Lishin 1,2 , Chang Paoyuan 1,3 .
T19096 174343-174547 Sentence denotes 1 School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, 3 Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
T39894 174548-174559 Sentence denotes Background:
T12454 174560-174651 Sentence denotes Primary sternal osteomyelitis (PSO) is rare, yet potentially carries a devastating outcome.
T76620 174652-174791 Sentence denotes It is generally caused by Staphylococcus aureus, but can be caused by S. epidermidis, gramnegative bacilli, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
T56096 174792-174899 Sentence denotes Clinicians need to consider PSO when a patient presents with anterior chest pain, swelling, and bacteremia.
T78136 174900-175004 Sentence denotes We report the case of a 41 years old female presented with PSO without previous chest surgery or trauma.
T13076 175005-175114 Sentence denotes The patient was a 41-year-old woman with a medical history of diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis, Child C.
T93457 175115-175183 Sentence denotes She presented a painful, anterior chest wall swelling for one month.
T77879 175184-175254 Sentence denotes The patient denied any cardiac surgery, trauma or acupuncture history.
T49162 175255-175320 Sentence denotes She began with a fever, and had progressive dyspnea 2 days prior.
T39491 175321-175474 Sentence denotes The patient was sent to the emergency room of another hospital, and had a debridement of the chest wall abscess than admitted to the intensive care unit.
T99543 175475-175570 Sentence denotes Pus and blood cultures grew Klebsiella pneumoniae, and cefoperazone/sulbactam was administered.
T29159 175571-175640 Sentence denotes Liver abscess was considered as a possible source, but not confirmed.
T22611 175641-175682 Sentence denotes She was then transferred to our hospital.
T85848 175683-175691 Sentence denotes Results:
T20597 175692-175832 Sentence denotes On physical examination, there was a 7 cm long, 4 cm wide, and 3 cm deep open, clean surgical wound with some cauterized granulation tissue.
T89221 175833-175865 Sentence denotes White blood count was 11,400/uL.
T49525 175866-175970 Sentence denotes Wound culture grew oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (ORSA), and sputum culture grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
T98503 175971-176050 Sentence denotes Cefoperazone/ sulbactam was switched to pipercillin/tazobactam and tigecycline.
T62267 176051-176107 Sentence denotes The patient had a second debridement on hospital day 14.
T1568 176108-176240 Sentence denotes Whole body inflammation scan and chest computed tomography ( Figure. ) showed sternal osteomyelitis, mediastinitis and pericarditis.
T40447 176241-176301 Sentence denotes Tigecycline was switched to daptomycin for coverage of ORSA.
T78124 176302-176370 Sentence denotes She had sternectomy on day 47, and wound culture grew K. pneumoniae.
T89156 176371-176422 Sentence denotes Pipercillin/tazobactam was switched to cefmetazole.
T6134 176423-176469 Sentence denotes However, the infection wasn't well controlled.
T84426 176470-176531 Sentence denotes She had an altered consciousness and died on hospital day 90.
T81125 176532-176543 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T29452 176544-176615 Sentence denotes Due to rare clinical experiences, we have no standard approach for PSO.
T82120 176616-176700 Sentence denotes However, the presentation of PSO is insidious, and a diagnosis can often be delayed.
T51342 176701-176783 Sentence denotes PSO should be borne in mind when a patient presents with an anterior wall abscess.
T76742 176784-176922 Sentence denotes Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome presenting as purpura fulminans Yuh-shyan Wu 1 , Lih-shinn Wang 1,2 , Ya-ru Wu 1,3 , Si-shiuan Peng 4 .
T466 176923-176934 Sentence denotes Background:
T52052 176935-177109 Sentence denotes Purpura fulminans is a rare syndrome of intravascular thrombosis and hemorrhagic infarction accompanied by vascular collapse and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
T92906 177110-177193 Sentence denotes It is typically associated with meningococcal infection and is rapidly progressive.
T55649 177194-177346 Sentence denotes Our patient is a case of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome presented as symmetric peripheral gangrene and necrosis of large areas of the skin of limbs.
T40071 177347-177355 Sentence denotes Methods:
T19403 177356-177394 Sentence denotes Patient was a 59-year-old obese woman.
T38949 177395-177492 Sentence denotes She came to the hospital with yellowish productive cough for one week, and had fevers for 2 days.
T36873 177493-177603 Sentence denotes Septic shock developed during hospital stay, and she was transferred to intensive care unit for resuscitation.
T32891 177604-177654 Sentence denotes She had progressive swollen face, eyelid and neck.
T78120 177655-177734 Sentence denotes Head and neck, chest and abdomen CT disclosed extensive cellulitis of the neck.
T22360 177735-177743 Sentence denotes Results:
T29251 177744-177854 Sentence denotes Laboratory data at admission revealed leukocytosis with left shift, acute kidney injury, and lactate acidosis.
T50682 177855-177914 Sentence denotes Blood cultures showed group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus.
T37901 177915-177974 Sentence denotes Examination of pleural fluid disclosed gram-positive cocci.
T42937 177975-178044 Sentence denotes Cultures of sputum, pleural fluid and urine showed negative findings.
T39772 178045-178112 Sentence denotes The patient was treated with vancomycin, meropenem and clindamycin.
T42997 178113-178202 Sentence denotes 5 days after admission, she had a fever of 40°C, and blood culture grew Candida albicans.
T25484 178203-178268 Sentence denotes Sputum culture also grew Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis.
T97103 178269-178310 Sentence denotes Catheter and urine cultures were sterile.
T54330 178311-178345 Sentence denotes Antifungal agent was administered.
T81289 178346-178440 Sentence denotes She had gangrene of bilateral upper and lower limbs, and right upper chest on hospital day 14.
T20658 178441-178572 Sentence denotes The manifestations were consistent with purpura fulminans and DIC, and she was treated with platelet transfusion and anticoagulant.
T22693 178573-178638 Sentence denotes 23 days after admission, she had bilateral below knee amputation.
T75554 178639-178810 Sentence denotes 13 days after admission, DIC developed and laboratory data revealed prolonged aPTT (>180 sec), low platelet (91 × 10 3 /uL), and elevated level of D dimer (8261.93 ng/mL).
T45984 178811-178897 Sentence denotes Amputation of the hands was also suggested, but the family refused further management.
T40409 178898-178972 Sentence denotes Then the patient had hospice and was discharged due to terminal condition.
T82925 178973-178984 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T69054 178985-179097 Sentence denotes Purpura fulminans is rare and most commonly occurs in babies and small children, but can be more rare in adults.
T44026 179098-179238 Sentence denotes In severe sepsis, purpura fulminans typically develops in the distal extremities and progresses proximally affecting the whole body surface.
T92301 179239-179325 Sentence denotes 40-70% of adult patients with sepsis-associated purpura fulminans die. histoplasmosis.
T35424 179326-179398 Sentence denotes It is usually self-limiting or localized in immunocompetent individuals.
T29189 179399-179501 Sentence denotes Disseminated disease usually occurs in immunocompromised patients or in patients with chronic illness.
T60223 179502-179594 Sentence denotes We describes a Taiwanese who have human immunodeficiency viral infection and histoplasmosis.
T65381 179595-179603 Sentence denotes Methods:
T52834 179604-179744 Sentence denotes A 23-year-old man, denied major systemic disorder or foreign country travel before admission, presented to emergency room with 2-week fever.
T90421 179745-179808 Sentence denotes Cough, abdominal fullness and body weight loss were associated.
T53947 179809-179924 Sentence denotes Thrombocytopenia (Platelet 19,000/ ul), cavity in left upper lung zone and hepatosplenomegaly were noted initially.
T96076 179925-180001 Sentence denotes After admission, acute human immunodeficiency viral infection was diagnosed.
T68354 180002-180075 Sentence denotes The laboratory data also revealed hypertriglyceridemia and high ferritin.
T69358 180076-180181 Sentence denotes He received antiretroviral therapy immediately due to suspected virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome.
T19761 180182-180225 Sentence denotes The bone marrow studies were also arranged.
T64510 180226-180335 Sentence denotes Hypotension, metabolic acidosis with respiratory failure still developed on the fifth day of hospitalization.
T36374 180336-180344 Sentence denotes Results:
T32971 180345-180448 Sentence denotes The bone marrow studies revealed abundant yeast-like microorganism in histiocytes and hemophagocytosis.
T81893 180449-180503 Sentence denotes The serum Galactomannan test was positive result also.
T61022 180504-180576 Sentence denotes Liposomal Amphotericin B was administered for invasive fungal infection.
T82410 180577-180713 Sentence denotes Three weeks later, the blood fungal culture which collected when admission and the bone marrow fungal culture all yield Histoplasma spp.
T46292 180714-180779 Sentence denotes The Liposomal amphotericin B was switched to Voriconazole orally.
T60080 180780-180871 Sentence denotes He was extubation successfully and discharge on the 42th day of hospitalization Conclusion:
T1368 180872-180989 Sentence denotes Histoplasmosis is a rare disease in Taiwan, and few microbiologically documented cases have been previously reported.
T32628 180990-181139 Sentence denotes It is commonly diagnosed in areas of endemicity but frequently overlooked in areas of nonendemicity due to a low index of suspicion among physicians.
T18471 181140-181322 Sentence denotes In HIV-infected patient who present with thrombocytopenia, hemophagocytotic syndrome and cavitary pulmonary lesion, a differential diagnosis of histoplasmosis should be kept in mind.
T14594 181323-181420 Sentence denotes Imaging in sepsis-associated encephalopathy Masaki Fujioka 1 *, Akihiro Shindo 2 , Kei Suzuki 1 .
T20736 181421-181569 Sentence denotes 1 Mie University Hospital, the Emergency and Critical Care Center, 2 Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neurology Background:
T46904 181570-181700 Sentence denotes Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) refers to acute neurological dysfunction that arises in the context of extracranial sepsis.
T46964 181701-181911 Sentence denotes Despite use of variety of diagnostic techniques, however, SAE remains a clinical diagnosis and could represent a variety of pathophysiological processes that are both related and unrelated to coexistent sepsis.
T78195 181912-181970 Sentence denotes Herein we describe impressive imaging in patient with SAE.
T53470 181971-181979 Sentence denotes Methods:
T88479 181980-182099 Sentence denotes We experienced a 66-year-old man with prolonged fever and diarrhea progressed into a coma, who brought to our hospital.
T8147 182100-182219 Sentence denotes Laboratory tests revealed multiple organ failure, and a computed tomography scan showed severe intestinal inflammation.
T3833 182220-182297 Sentence denotes Initial resuscitation was initiated for septic shock due to severe enteritis.
T34183 182298-182374 Sentence denotes His general condition gradually improved, without consciousness restoration.
T31981 182375-182464 Sentence denotes On day 15, his Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 3, and MRI was continuousuly performed.
T17527 182465-182565 Sentence denotes Results: MRI showed enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal in the white matter.
T93208 182566-182628 Sentence denotes Susceptibility-weighted imaging revealed multiple microbleeds.
T7391 182629-182704 Sentence denotes These findings indicated SAE, which is associated with extracranial sepsis.
T62082 182705-182775 Sentence denotes The pathophysiology is thought to involve blood-brain-barrier leakage.
T85122 182776-182874 Sentence denotes His GCS score improved to 7, and FLAIR signal enhancement in the white matter decreased on day 36.
T50220 182875-182977 Sentence denotes Furthermore, MRI showed decreased enhancement on day 60, without further improvement of consciousness.
T51026 182978-183118 Sentence denotes The diffuse and severe white matter abnormalities like those we observed in our patient are rare and have been associated with poor outcome.
T46395 183119-183230 Sentence denotes This case shows that severe encephalopathy with extensive white matter lesions might be a reversible condition.
T11473 183231-183360 Sentence denotes Clinicians should realize that this condition and give cautious eyes to the first signs of improvement of the clinical condition.
T21274 183361-183421 Sentence denotes We deem it necessary to do follow-up and repeated MRI study.
T25038 183422-183608 Sentence denotes A scheme to test Clostridium difficile and rapid to improve performance of detection for C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) Jiann-Yuan Chen, I-Jen Wang, Ling-Na Shih, Jiin-Chyr Hsu.
T88570 183609-183699 Sentence denotes Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
T53868 183700-183711 Sentence denotes Background:
T85176 183712-183845 Sentence denotes Clostridium difficile (CD) is a common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea, which is usually associated with previous antibiotic use.
T90280 183846-184035 Sentence denotes C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is most strongly associated with fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and clindamycin. most common cause of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC).
T26775 184036-184293 Sentence denotes Clostridium difficile should be considered in diarrhea cases with a history of antibiotic use within the last 8 weeks (community-associated CDI) or with a hospital stay of at least 3 days, regardless of the duration of antibiotic use (hospitalacquired CDI).
T47511 184294-184302 Sentence denotes Methods:
T4881 184303-184441 Sentence denotes 43 stools were collected from the suspected CD infection cases (all > 25 years of age) admitted in two regional hospitals in north Taiwan.
T35090 184442-184501 Sentence denotes The samples during the period of November 2016 to May 2017.
T24868 184502-184688 Sentence denotes The effectiveness analysis of glutamate dehydrogenase antigen (GDH)and toxin A/B combined assay (brand A: RIDA ® QUICK) versus a two-step algorithm for optimal detection of toxigenic CD.
T96106 184689-185007 Sentence denotes Each two-step algorithm, stools were using the RIDA ® QUICK GDH for screening, if positive, tested for toxin by RIDA ® QUICK Toxin A/B and tested for Toxin A &Toxin B single each other (brand B:Mascia Brunelli) to double check, then were underwent anaerobic stool culture on Cycloserine Cefoxitin Fructose Agar (CCFA).
T55068 185008-185016 Sentence denotes Results:
T23310 185017-185119 Sentence denotes Over 7 months, we can calculate the laboratories' expenses were 37% less than if combined assay alone.
T34277 185120-185229 Sentence denotes The brand A&B testing kits provide a rapid turnaround time than anaerobic stool culture (1 hour vs 72 hours).
T89438 185230-185339 Sentence denotes A total of 43 suspected CDI patients, 34.9% (15/43) were GDH positive and Toxin A/B positive was 9.3% (4/43).
T9387 185340-185463 Sentence denotes Distribution of sex and age with CD colonization (GDH + ) were 6 males and 4 females in age group ≧65 years (66.7%, 10/15).
T36332 185464-185537 Sentence denotes Two (13.3%, 2/15) were GDH-positive and toxin A/B positive by both tests.
T6799 185538-185655 Sentence denotes The risk of toxigenic CD (GDH + , Toxin A/B + ) infection between male and female was not significant (2.3% vs 2.3%).
T12967 185656-185667 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T5413 185668-185803 Sentence denotes Our study suggested one or two-step algorithm for the detection of CD infection is a reliable, cost-effective, and timesaving strategy.
T86657 185804-185937 Sentence denotes The prevalence of toxicgenic CD infection based on a two-step algorithm is similar to that reported in previous literature in Taiwan.
T60510 185938-186054 Sentence denotes When GDH antigen positive had 100% match compared to the culture on CCFA agar was indentified Clostridium difficile.
T14377 186055-186181 Sentence denotes Also proved that C. difficile strains appear to produce the cell wall-associated enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase antigen (GDH).
T59823 186182-186496 Sentence denotes Clinical characteristics of bacteraemia caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex species and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates in a medical centre in Taiwan Ying-Chun Chien 1 *, Chun-Hsing Liao 2 , Wang-Huei Sheng 1 , Jung-Yien Chien 1 , Yu-Tsung Huang 2,3 , Chong-Jen Yu 1 , Po-Ren Hsueh 1, 3 Background:
T69573 186497-186613 Sentence denotes Data about bacteraemia caused Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) among patients without cystic fibrosis are limited.
T65718 186614-186755 Sentence denotes This study is intended to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with bacteraemia due to different species of BCC.
T70192 186756-186764 Sentence denotes Methods:
T18638 186765-186882 Sentence denotes Patients with BCC bacteraemia who were treated at a medical centre from January 2013 to February 2015 were evaluated.
T90198 186883-187012 Sentence denotes BCC isolates were identified to species level by Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS and sequencing analysis by 16S rRNA and recA genes.
T55593 187013-187104 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates were determined by the agar dilution method.
T44558 187105-187113 Sentence denotes Results:
T43354 187114-187366 Sentence denotes Sequencing of the recA gene in the 54 blood isolates revealed 37 (68.5%) isolates of B. cenocepacia, 9 (16.7%) B. cepacia, 4 (7.4%) isolates of B. multivorans and one isolate each of B. arboris, B. pseudomultivorans, B. seminalis, and B. vietnamiensis.
T73022 187367-187576 Sentence denotes The overall performance of the Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS system for correctly identifying the 54 BCC isolates to the species level was 79.6% that was better than that (16.7%) by 16S RNA sequencing analysis.
T69643 187577-187703 Sentence denotes Bacteraemic pneumonia (n = 23, 42.6%) and catheterrelated bacteraemia (n = 21, 38.9%) were the most common types of infection.
T25779 187704-187940 Sentence denotes Higher rates of ceftazidime and meropenem resistance were found in B. cepacia isolates (33.3% and 22.2%, respectively) than in isolates of B. cenocepacia (21.6% and 10.8%, respectively) and other species (12.5% and 12.5%, respectively).
T15167 187941-187994 Sentence denotes Overall, the 30-day mortality rate was 38.9% (21/54).
T5031 187995-188202 Sentence denotes Bacteraemia caused by BCC species other than B. cenocepacia and B. cepacia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 20.005, P = 0.024) and high SOFA score (aOR 1.412, P = 0.003) were predictive of higher 30-day mortality.
T82010 188203-188214 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T51606 188215-188423 Sentence denotes Correct identification of BCC complex to species level is important because different BCC complex species was associated with different outcomes of bacteraemia and exhibited different susceptibility patterns.
T12701 188424-188561 Sentence denotes Evaluation of TPLA as an initial syphilis-screening test Ryosei Murai 1 , Koji Yamada 1 , Nozomi Yanagihara 1,2 , Satoshi Takahashi 1,2 .
T65306 188562-188750 Sentence denotes 1 Division of Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, 2 Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Background:
T59617 188751-188877 Sentence denotes Syphilis serological tests are divided into nontreponemal and treponemal tests, and neither is sufficient alone for diagnosis.
T17564 188878-189124 Sentence denotes Traditionally, initial syphilis screening begins with the nontreponemal test (traditional algorithm); however, recent advancements in instrumentation have enabled more automated and objective approaches to the treponemal test (reverse algorithm).
T91924 189125-189257 Sentence denotes The reverse algorithm for initial syphilis screening was limited to enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA).
T23394 189258-189407 Sentence denotes Recently, a TPLA method that uses Treponema pallidum components coated on latex particles using a chemical wide use automatic analyzer was developed.
T66229 189408-189525 Sentence denotes We evaluated the use of this reagent, instead of EIA or CIA, for initial syphilis screening in the reverse algorithm.
T5850 189526-189534 Sentence denotes Methods:
T64923 189535-189695 Sentence denotes A total of 90 stored samples were reacted with Mediace ® TPLA (Sekisui Medical Co, Tokyo, Japan) or Mediace ® RPR (Sekisui Medical Co, Tokyo, Japan) and tested.
T72743 189696-189976 Sentence denotes We evaluated four different automated syphilis serological tests, including Architect Syphilis TP ® (Abbott Diagnostics, Tokyo, Japan), Lumipulse ® presto TP (Fujirebio Inc, Tokyo, Japan), Serodia ® -TP·PA (Fujirebio INC, Tokyo, Japan), Esplain ® TP (Fujirebio Inc, Tokyo, Japan).
T66899 189977-190047 Sentence denotes Samples were stored at −40°C and thawed immediately prior to analysis.
T40895 190048-190095 Sentence denotes We confirmed the results with FTA-ABS and TPPA.
T64428 190096-190104 Sentence denotes Results:
T49609 190105-190211 Sentence denotes In the analysis, 46 of 90 samples tested positive with Mediace ® TPLA, and the false positive rate was 0%.
T37453 190212-190375 Sentence denotes However, the false-negative rate of Mediace ® TPLA was 2.27% (1 of 44), whereas that of Lumipulse ® presto TP was 0% and that of Architect Syphilis TP ® was 2.27%.
T66387 190376-190387 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T69061 190388-190502 Sentence denotes The performance of Mediace ® TPLA is nearly equivalent to that of Lumipulse ® presto and Architect Syphilis TP ® .
T99860 190503-190575 Sentence denotes The cost per test for Mediace ® TPLA is lower than that for other tests.
T40293 190576-190744 Sentence denotes Because Mediace ® TPLA has various advantages such as low cost, high IgM-detection power, and easy operability, it should be recommended for the initial screening test.
T30195 190745-190867 Sentence denotes Using a new method to culture the C. difficile from environment Chih-Chen Lin 1,2 , Chang-Pan Liu 1,2 , Fu-Chieh Chang 1 .
T12746 190868-191078 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Center, MacKay memorial Hospital, 2 Department of Infection, MacKay memorial Hospital Background: C. difficile is a gram-positive bacillus that belong anaerobic bacteria which contain spore.
T6617 191079-191168 Sentence denotes In previous studies, this bacterium can survive in hard situation for 3 months or longer.
T22847 191169-191252 Sentence denotes In clinical, if we don't disinfect complete, it will provide a chance to spread it.
T14214 191253-191377 Sentence denotes So, if we had a efficient method that can culture this bacterium from environment, it would be useful for infection control.
T7756 191378-191386 Sentence denotes Methods:
T63794 191387-191444 Sentence denotes In this study, we used Banana broth as a selective broth.
T99036 191445-191519 Sentence denotes We collected the sample from the environment that CDI patient used before.
T13613 191520-191613 Sentence denotes We use the swab and 0.9% normal saline to touch the surface then put the swab into the broth.
T47646 191614-191670 Sentence denotes Then we culture it on 35°C without anaerobic incubacted.
T92204 191671-191792 Sentence denotes After 48 hours, we checked the color of the broth, if C. difficile growth on this broth, the color will become to yellow.
T16165 191793-191801 Sentence denotes Results:
T97785 191802-191861 Sentence denotes In this study, we collected 12 sample from the environment.
T62194 191862-191904 Sentence denotes And there were 2 broths changed to yellow.
T66984 191905-191963 Sentence denotes After PCR checked, all of the bacterium were C. difficile.
T43831 191964-192032 Sentence denotes That's to say, this broth can be a selective broth for C. difficile.
T18771 192033-192044 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T68289 192045-192166 Sentence denotes In this study, we found the Banana broth was a great selective broth to culture C. difficile without anaerobic incubated.
T56635 192167-192296 Sentence denotes Otherwise, through the change of color, its very easy for staff to check the result and don't need to culture by using CCFA agar.
T26012 192297-192569 Sentence denotes Burkholderia pseudomallei causing urinary tract infection and fever: a case report Yin-Tai Tsai 1 , Tzu-Ying Lee 1 , Ruo-Tzu Li 1 , Chuan-Ru Wang 1 , Chia-Hsin Hsieh 1 , Jui-Hua Hsu 1 , Meng-Ting Hsieh 1 , Wen-Shyang Hsieh 1,2,3 , Hsaio-Wei Wang 4,5 , Yung-Ching Liu 4,5 .
T4380 192570-192719 Sentence denotes We present a case of urinary tract infection and fever caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei who was admitted at a Northern Reginal hospital in Taiwan.
T315 192720-192952 Sentence denotes The case is presented to highlight the identification of this rare pathogenic organism in the laboratory from the samples collected and to start the treatment early for better prognosis since the mortality is high without treatment.
TextSentencer_T434 192953-192961 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T435 192962-193070 Sentence denotes 46-year-old male presented to Emergency Department with symptoms of breathe heavily and hematuria and fever.
TextSentencer_T436 193071-193128 Sentence denotes On examination patient suspected urinary tract infection.
TextSentencer_T437 193129-193313 Sentence denotes Samples of urine, blood and pus collected using sterile swabs from the discharge of cellulitis was sent to microbiology laboratory for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
TextSentencer_T438 193314-193418 Sentence denotes Microbiological culture and identification revealed the etiologic agent to be Burkholderia pseudomallei.
TextSentencer_T439 193419-193519 Sentence denotes The organism was susceptible to ceftazidime (30 μg), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (1.25/ 23.75 μg).
TextSentencer_T440 193520-193590 Sentence denotes The strain was resistant to amikacillin (30 μg), and colistin (10 μg).
TextSentencer_T441 193591-193631 Sentence denotes His fasting blood glucose was 233 mg/dl.
TextSentencer_T442 193632-193640 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T443 193641-193743 Sentence denotes Patient was started with Ciprofloxacin, Ceftazidime, or Doripenem/Imipenem/Meropenem at least 14 days.
TextSentencer_T444 193744-193779 Sentence denotes He was put on antidiabetic therapy.
TextSentencer_T445 193780-193854 Sentence denotes Second sample of blood collected after five days was negative for culture.
TextSentencer_T446 193855-193866 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T447 193867-193994 Sentence denotes Urinary tract infection is common in diabetics, and in a diabetic patient B. pseudomallei, a rare pathogen can cause infection.
TextSentencer_T448 193995-194135 Sentence denotes This organism can be overlooked in routine cultures as contaminant especially if the bacterial growth on the culture plate is polymicrobial.
TextSentencer_T449 194136-194252 Sentence denotes Identification requires a great deal of clinical suspicion as well as alertness on the part of laboratory personnel.
TextSentencer_T450 194253-194438 Sentence denotes Melioidosis caused by should be considered in the differential diagnosis in diabetic men with urinary tract infection, especially if they come from areas where melioidosis is prevalent.
TextSentencer_T451 194439-194504 Sentence denotes Appropriate treatment must be initiated to prevent complications.
T76111 194505-194662 Sentence denotes Diagnostic accuracy of Interferon-γ Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in children above the age of 5 years Fang-Ching Liu 1 , Yuan-Hsin Chu 2 .
T48406 194663-194776 Sentence denotes 1 Division of Infectious Disease, Jen-Ai Hospital, 2 Department of Infection Control, Jen-Ai Hospital Background:
T92070 194777-195017 Sentence denotes Taiwan CDC promoted the TB preventive program which introducing international recommended new LTBI diagnostic tests such as IGRAs (Interferon-γ release assays) and treatment prescription for TB contacts of all age groups from March 1, 2016.
T95255 195018-195193 Sentence denotes IGRAs have been widely used for the diagnosis of latent and active tuberculosis in adults, but their role in diagnosing LTBI in children younger than 5 years remains debating.
T25166 195194-195304 Sentence denotes Here we perform an EBM approach to evaluate diagnostic accuracy for LTBI in children above the age of 5 years.
T5214 195305-195313 Sentence denotes Methods:
T98496 195314-195448 Sentence denotes A PICO was formulated, P: children above 5 years old; I: (IGRAs OR interferon-gamma OR Interferon-γ); O: diagnostic accuracy for LTBI.
T79826 195449-195583 Sentence denotes These terms and synonyms were engaged with Boolean character (AND, OR) into a keyword to search Cochrane Library and PubMed databases.
T92290 195584-195764 Sentence denotes Clinical diagnostic questions, according to the Oxford Level of Evidence 2011, systematic review (SR) of cross-sectional studies with reference standard would be the best evidence.
T83355 195765-195854 Sentence denotes In PubMed a relevant SR was retrieved out of 87 searching results for critical appraisal.
T82292 195855-195866 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T48803 195867-195960 Sentence denotes Though Taiwan CDC still use TST as diagnostic tool for LTBI in children younger than 5 years.
T12390 195961-196077 Sentence denotes Probably due to blood draws can be more difficult in young kids, or other considerations such as cost-effectiveness.
T66921 196078-196276 Sentence denotes However, this Level 1 evidence showed that the diagnostic performance of IGRAs were slightly higher than TST and can be used as supporting assays to detect LTBI in children above the age of 5 years.
T75919 196277-196456 Sentence denotes PS 114 10 cases of hematologic malignancy that caused gastrointestinal perforation Kazuhiko Natori, Daisuke Nagase, Akiko Shibuya, Yurika Mitsui, Yasunobu Kuraishi, Haruka Fujino.
T12599 196457-196552 Sentence denotes Division of Hematology and Oncology, Toho University Medical Center Oomori Hospital Background:
T28065 196553-196622 Sentence denotes It is common that malignant lymphoma infiltrates the digestive tract.
T20144 196623-196747 Sentence denotes It may also cause gastrointestinal perforation after starting chemotherapy, resulting from its good response to the therapy.
T23260 196748-196846 Sentence denotes The occurrence of gastrointestinal perforation during chemotherapy often leads to a fatal outcome.
T17550 196847-196976 Sentence denotes We report our experience with 10 patients who developed gastrointestinal perforation while being observed for malignant lymphoma.
T16694 196977-196985 Sentence denotes Methods:
T27652 196986-197142 Sentence denotes Among patients with histopathologically diagnosed hematologic malignancy between 1988 and 2015, 10 patients with gastrointestinal perforation were selected.
T36952 197143-197291 Sentence denotes The histopathological diagnosis was consistent with the WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, fourth edition (2008).
T58730 197292-197300 Sentence denotes Results:
T84168 197301-197374 Sentence denotes The ratio of men to women was 8:2 and the median age was 64 years (range:
T46584 197375-197388 Sentence denotes 40-77 years).
T21806 197389-197667 Sentence denotes The histopathologic type was non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in all patients, with a subtype of T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in 1 patient, follicular lymphoma in 1 patient, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in 6 patients, diffuse large Tcell lymphoma in 1 patient, multiple myeoma 1 case.
T4717 197668-197814 Sentence denotes About malignant lymphoma, according to the Ann Arbor staging system, the clinical stage was IE in 2 patient, IIIE1 in 1 patient, IV in 5 patients.
T32956 197815-198133 Sentence denotes Perforation occurred prior to chemotherapy in 2 patients, after completion of the first cycle of chemotherapy in 6 patients, after 4 cycles in 1 patient, after 6 cycles in 1 patient, during the advanced stage of chemotherapy-refractory lymphoma in 1 patient, and during recurrence after complete response in 1 patient.
T78047 198134-198145 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T12668 198146-198494 Sentence denotes According to our experience, it was suggested that curative resection is not mandatory in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal perforation and it is important to start chemotherapy in the early postoperative period and select a safer surgical procedure, such as limited surgery, flexibly assessing the necessity of removing the lesions.
T15778 198495-198506 Sentence denotes Background:
T30463 198507-198621 Sentence denotes Serum procalcitonin (PCT) has been touted as a diagnostic marker to predict severe bacterial infection these days.
T99175 198622-198792 Sentence denotes This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of PCT in diagnosis of various types of bacterial infection in children, by comparing with other inflammatory markers.
T91372 198793-198801 Sentence denotes Methods:
T61665 198802-199009 Sentence denotes We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 447 patients under the age of 18 years who were admitted to Chung Ang University Hospital between 2011 July and 2014 June, for whom PCT value had been obtained.
T89348 199010-199101 Sentence denotes Patients were categorized into bacterial infection group and non-bacterial infection group.
T85273 199102-199308 Sentence denotes Furthermore, bacterial infection group were categorized into invasive bacterial infection (IBI), mucosal bacterial infection (MBI), toxigenic bacterial infection (TBI), and mycoplasma infection (MI) groups.
T3635 199309-199429 Sentence denotes IBI was defined as the infection of sterile body site such as bacteremia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, and pyelonephritis.
T26497 199430-199508 Sentence denotes Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and scarlet fever were included into TBI.
T40036 199509-199582 Sentence denotes MI was defined as positive mycoplasma IgM (≥770 IU/mL) or mycoplasma PCR.
T83391 199583-199591 Sentence denotes Results:
T45633 199592-199670 Sentence denotes Of 447 patients, 104 (23.3%) patients were diagnosed with bacterial infection.
T5424 199671-199829 Sentence denotes Among bacterial infection group, 73 cases (70.2%) were identified to IBI, 17 cases (16.4%) were MBI, 7 cases (6.7%) were TBI and 9 cases (8.4%) were MI group.
T806 199830-200110 Sentence denotes The values of PCT (9.53 ± 32.10 vs. 0.60 ± 2.13), C-reactive protein (CRP; 57.86 ± 55.63 vs. 33.66 ± 51.55), and white blood cell (WBC; 12388.29 ± 6805.38 vs. 10439.30 ± 7437.23) count were higher in bacterial infection group than non-bacterial infection group (P < 0.05 for all).
T74807 200111-200294 Sentence denotes However, only the value of PCT was higher in IBI group than other bacterial groups (13.11 ± 38.01 vs. 1.26 ± 1.65 in MBI, 1.10 ± 1.87 in TBI, and 1.69 ± 2.06 in MI, P < 0.05 for all).
T29336 200295-200476 Sentence denotes In the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the curve was 0.706 for PCT, 0.691 for CRP, 0.603 for WBC and 0.501 for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
T6928 200477-200665 Sentence denotes The specificity for serum PCT (80%) in diagnosing invasive bacterial infection was significantly larger than those of other inflammatory markers (0.35 for CRP, 0.54 for WBC, 0.22 for ESR).
T36067 200666-200809 Sentence denotes Conclusion: PCT is a highly effective diagnostic marker of IBI but not effective to differentiate MBI, TBI, or MI from non-bacterial infection.
T65166 200810-200892 Sentence denotes Also, PCT is more useful marker to predict bacterial infection than CRP, WBC, ESR.
T47874 200893-201113 Sentence denotes Investigate the incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility test of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica in a teaching hospital Yao-Shen Tung 1,2,3 , An-Chi Chen 1,2 , Shen-Min Huang 1,2 , Yui-Yein Yang 1,2,3 , Li-Hung Wu 1,3 .
T62293 201114-201184 Sentence denotes 1 Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 2 Departments of Medical Laboratory, 3
T29372 201186-201197 Sentence denotes Background:
T98042 201198-201292 Sentence denotes The increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant nosocomial infections is a worldwide concern.
T96614 201293-201408 Sentence denotes E. meningoseptica infection inhumans have been presented as meningitis outbreaks in premature newborns and infants.
T61547 201409-201459 Sentence denotes It has a unique antibiotic susceptibility pattern.
T8505 201460-201563 Sentence denotes It is resistant to many antibiotics commonly used to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
T85827 201564-201617 Sentence denotes This is a challenge for clinicians to treat patients.
T94541 201618-201626 Sentence denotes Methods:
T78208 201627-201738 Sentence denotes In this study, 100 E. meningoseptica clinical isolates were collected from teaching Hospital from 2012 to 2016.
T19977 201739-201893 Sentence denotes The phoenix 100 Automated Microbiology System (Becton Dickinson) with the GN panel was used to identify bacteria and confirm antimicrobial susceptibility.
T79977 201894-201971 Sentence denotes The antimicrobial susceptibility against 14 kinds of antibiotics were tested.
T36705 201972-201980 Sentence denotes Results:
T23046 201981-202064 Sentence denotes The incidence of E. meningoseptica isolates increased from 7 in 2012 to 41 in 2016.
T72544 202065-202178 Sentence denotes Among them, 52% from sputum, 33% from blood, and more than 50% samples isolated form intensive care units (ICUs).
T42498 202179-202260 Sentence denotes The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test results are presented in Table 2 .
T60308 202261-202425 Sentence denotes E. meningoseptica was most often susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxzole (97.3%) and fluoroquinolones, including levofloxacin (23.7%) and ciprofloxacin (28.5%).
T4155 202426-202519 Sentence denotes However, most antibiotics that target Gram-negative bacteria were not very effective against.
T6385 202520-202604 Sentence denotes Conclusion: E. meningoseptica had a high resistance to various antimicrobial agents.
T242 202605-202712 Sentence denotes Pneumonia was the most common infection caused by E. meningoseptica, and the mortality rate was quite high.
T55365 202713-202810 Sentence denotes However, despite the high mortality rate, the rate of appropriate antibiotic use was notably low.
T52530 202811-202999 Sentence denotes Clinicians should pay attention to the disease progression and evaluate the response to current antibiotics, and if possible, consider using effective antibiotics based on culture reports.
T34850 203000-203288 Sentence denotes Co-resistance to antimicrobial agents of extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing E. coli in a regional teaching hospital in southern Taiwan: implication on clinical treatment Yi-Ping Chen 1 , Po-Liang Lu 2 , Chun-Chi Huang 1 , Jeng-Yih Wu 1 , Chen-Min Kuo 1 , Tung-Nan Liao 3 Background:
T9494 203289-203399 Sentence denotes Extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing E. coli (ESBL-E. coli) is an important nosocomial pathogen in Taiwan.
T11300 203400-203496 Sentence denotes It has been reported that ESBL-E. coli isolates were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents.
T3471 203497-203560 Sentence denotes The related data is less known in regional hospitals in Taiwan.
T29412 203561-203569 Sentence denotes Methods:
T22263 203570-203664 Sentence denotes We retrospectively analyze the antimicrobial resistance profile of E. coli collected from Sep.
T93863 203665-203677 Sentence denotes 2015 to Aug.
T42961 203678-203725 Sentence denotes 2016 in a regional hospital in southern Taiwan.
T52909 203726-203809 Sentence denotes Only the first isolates recovered from one person is included for further analysis.
T27788 203810-203908 Sentence denotes The ESBL phenotype and the drug susceptibility testing were performed with Vitek 2 compact system.
T6148 203909-203969 Sentence denotes Odds ratio was estimated with SAS JMP software 12th version.
T86550 203970-203978 Sentence denotes Results:
T21822 203979-204048 Sentence denotes Among the 2113 E. coli isolates, 286 (13.52%) isolates produced ESBL.
T20786 204049-204130 Sentence denotes The susceptibility rates to antimicrobial agents of ESBL-E. coli were ampicillin:
T74684 204131-204144 Sentence denotes 0%, amikacin:
T30328 204145-204165 Sentence denotes 99.30%, ceftazidime:
T439 204166-204180 Sentence denotes 0%, cefazolin:
T57089 204181-204194 Sentence denotes 0%, cefepime:
T7262 204195-204205 Sentence denotes 0% 2.47 ).
T21882 204206-204369 Sentence denotes Co-resistance to ESBL phenotype is observed for ampicillin, ceftazidime, cefazolin, cefepime, gemtamicin, sulfamethoxazole, levofloxacin, and ampicillin/sulbactam.
T78009 204370-204381 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T88147 204382-204555 Sentence denotes The epidemiology data in a regional hospital in Taiwan revealed ESBL-E. coli were most susceptible to amikacin, ertapenem, tigecycline, colistin and piperacillin/tazobactam.
T11171 204556-204732 Sentence denotes Besides the co-resistance of ESBL phenotype to all tested beta-lactams, Coresistance was also observed for gemtamicin, sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin/sulbactam, and levofloxacin.
T63118 204733-204818 Sentence denotes The extent of co-resistance may impact the choice of empirical antimicrobial therapy.
T72929 204819-204975 Sentence denotes Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex, Taiwan Tsai-Ling Yang Lauderdale*, Hui-Ying Wang, Yih-Ru Shiau, Jui-Fen Lai, I-Wen Huanag, TSAR Hospitals.
T58346 204976-205217 Sentence denotes National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes Background: A. calcoaceticus-A baumannii (ACB) complex comprises four genospecies: A. baumannii, A. calcoaceticus, A. nosocomialis, and A. pittii.
T81885 205218-205364 Sentence denotes Considerable differences exist in their epidemiology and clinical relevance but routine differentiation of these genospecies is not commonly done.
T18563 205365-205547 Sentence denotes The present study investigated the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of the ACB complex genospecies in the Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (TSAR) program.
T18146 205548-205556 Sentence denotes Methods:
T16867 205557-205716 Sentence denotes Acinetobacter isolates were collected biennially as part of the TSAR program between 2010 and 2016 from 26 to 28 hospitals using the same collection protocols.
T10347 205717-205860 Sentence denotes Susceptibility to different antimicrobial agents was determined by broth microdilution in every study year but colistin was not tested in 2010.
T44416 205861-205959 Sentence denotes All ACB complex isolates were subjected to gyrB genospecies typing to differentiate the 4 species.
T96341 205960-206052 Sentence denotes Data from 2010 to 2012 were grouped together to compare with combined data of 2014 and 2016.
T230 206053-206061 Sentence denotes Results:
T22707 206062-206356 Sentence denotes A total of 1321 ACB complex isolates were identified, including 337, 405, 290, and 289 isolates from 2010 337, 405, 290, and 289 isolates from , 2012 337, 405, 290, and 289 isolates from , 2014 337, 405, 290, and 289 isolates from , and 2016 337, 405, 290, and 289 isolates from , respectively.
T57638 206357-206685 Sentence denotes From 2010 337, 405, 290, and 289 isolates from -2012 337, 405, 290, and 289 isolates from to 2014 337, 405, 290, and 289 isolates from -2016 , the proportion of A. baumannii decreased from 85.7 to 79.4% while that of A. nosocomialis increased from 4.4 to 11.2% ( p < 0.001 for both), with A. pitti remaining stable at around 9%.
T79909 206686-206899 Sentence denotes The specimen distribution differed among A. baumannii, A. nosocomialis, and A. pitti isolates, with 55.1, 51.0, and 34.5%, respectively, from respiratory tract, and 13.9, 43.9, and 35.3%, respectively, from blood.
T8873 206900-207115 Sentence denotes Carbapenem nonsusceptibility in ACB complex was 64.6% in 2010-2012 and 59.9% in 2014-2016 overall ( p = NS), but was significantly higher in A. baumannii (71.1%) than in A. nosocomialis (23.5%) and A. pitti (15.1%).
T92119 207116-207213 Sentence denotes Colistin resistance was not detected in 2012 and was 3.1% in 2014-2016 but no mcr-1 was detected.
T61216 207214-207225 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T35700 207226-207310 Sentence denotes The prevalence of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii remains very high in Taiwan.
T42284 207311-207542 Sentence denotes The changes in ACB complex genospecies distribution in recent years plus differences in their antimicrobial susceptibility and specimen distribution indicate the need for continued surveillance of this important group of pathogens.
T85318 207543-207653 Sentence denotes Study of integrons in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates Chao-Tsai Liao*, Ya-Chi Shin, Tien-Yu Yeh.
T81365 207654-207777 Sentence denotes Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology Background:
T3054 207778-207905 Sentence denotes Integrons are genetic elements capable of integrating or mobilizing gene cassettes encoding antibiotic resistance determinants.
T77281 207906-208202 Sentence denotes Escherichia coli is often resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents and is often associated with the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), which are frequently described as a part of complex integrons, facilitate their horizontal transfer to other related and unrelated microbes.
T43945 208203-208457 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to define the current prevalence and phenotypes of 100 multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates from clinical specimens in central Taiwan and to investigate associations between multidrug resistance and existence of integrons.
T52389 208458-208466 Sentence denotes Methods:
T62972 208467-208556 Sentence denotes Non-duplicate 100 MDR E. coli isolates from January to July 2013 were used in this study.
T77898 208557-208652 Sentence denotes Firstly, susceptibility of 100 isolates to 12 antibiotics was determined by the Vitek 2 system.
T45752 208653-208749 Sentence denotes The extended-spectrum β-lactamases production was detected by disk diffusion confirmatory tests.
T39839 208750-208899 Sentence denotes Then, prevalence and class of integrons was detected in MDR strains by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).
T37473 208900-209027 Sentence denotes Finally, the gene cassette arrays of class 2 integrons were identified by PCR, DNA sequencing and restriction enzyme digestion.
T76080 209028-209036 Sentence denotes Results:
T19259 209037-209169 Sentence denotes The extended-spectrum β-lactamases production was detected in 82% (82/100) of E. coli isolates by disk diffusion confirmatory tests.
T5845 209170-209457 Sentence denotes Antibiotic resistance patterns were as follows: ampicillin 100%, ampicillin/sulbactam 89%, amikacin 96%, ceftazidime 100%, ciprofloxacin 82%, ceftriaxone 100%, cefazolin 100%, imipenem 0%, gentamicin 87%, cefoxitin 38%, sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim 87%, and piperacillin/tazobactam 5%.
T3310 209458-209552 Sentence denotes PCR-RFLP results showed that the prevalence of integrons was confirmed in 20% of MDR isolates.
T11393 209553-209633 Sentence denotes Class 1 and 2 integrons were detected respectively in 5% and 20% of MDR strains.
T12644 209634-209705 Sentence denotes Moreover, 5 strains were found to contain both class 1 and 2 integrons.
T77676 209706-209762 Sentence denotes No integron class 3 was detected in any of the isolates.
T23366 209763-209926 Sentence denotes All of these integron 2-positive isolates contained constant gene cassette arrays of dfrA1 + sat2 + aadA1 which confer resistance to trimethoprim and streptomycin.
T73586 209927-209938 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T90328 209939-210041 Sentence denotes In this study, MDR E. coli isolates with resistance to four or more different antibiotics were common.
T24015 210042-210255 Sentence denotes The data suggest that multiple and complex mechanisms involving mobile genetic elements in class 1 and class 2 integrons and antibiotic resistance have been developed in the evolution of E. coli strains in Taiwan.
T22731 210256-210493 Sentence denotes Clinical characteristics of patients with bloodstream infection caused by metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a tertiary hospital in Japan Nobuaki Mori 1 , Yasuko Aoki 1 , Akiko Higuchi 2 , Shoko Hirose 3 , Shiko Seki 4 .
T70910 210494-210850 Sentence denotes 1 Department of General Internal medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2 Departmet of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 3 Department of Pharmacology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 4 Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center Background:
T60298 210851-210992 Sentence denotes Infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae have been reported worldwide and have become a great threat to public health.
T34543 210993-211156 Sentence denotes However, clinical characteristics of patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) due to metallo β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are not well studied.
T55464 211157-211276 Sentence denotes Therefore, we investigated the clinical characteristics of patients infected with the MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
T77464 211277-211285 Sentence denotes Methods:
T52829 211286-211496 Sentence denotes We retrospectively conducted a chart review of the patients with MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, which were isolated from blood samples, in a tertiary care hospital in Japan between April 2013 and March 2017.
T78117 211497-211763 Sentence denotes MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was defined as isolates from blood culture showing decreased susceptibility to meropenem (minimum inhibitory concentration, ≥2 mg/dL), and a positive result in the test using metallo-β-lactamase SMA Eiken (Eiken Chemical Co., Japan).
T15591 211764-211870 Sentence denotes Clinical and microbiological characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of these patients were investigated.
T59542 211871-211879 Sentence denotes Results:
T4769 211880-211949 Sentence denotes During the study period, a total of 6 adult patients were identified.
T58733 211950-212002 Sentence denotes The median age was 55 years, and 3 (50%) were women.
T10897 212003-212241 Sentence denotes All patients had severe underlying disease at the time of admission (cardiopulmonary arrest (n = 3), invasive pneumococcal infection (n = 1), bleeding esophageal varices (n = 1), and peritonitis due to diverticulitis perforation (n = 1)).
T46918 212242-212302 Sentence denotes Of the patients, 5 were admitted to the intensive care unit.
T85919 212303-212514 Sentence denotes The sources of MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae BSI were as follows: catheter-related BSI (n = 2), pyelonephritis (n = 1), cholangitis (n = 1), bacterial peritonitis (n = 1), and bacterial translocation (n = 1).
T47741 212515-212595 Sentence denotes Of the 6 isolates, 4 were Enterobacter cloacae and 2 were Klebsiella pneumoniae.
T67962 212596-212665 Sentence denotes The immunochromatography assay showed that all isolates were IMPtype.
T82912 212666-212728 Sentence denotes No isolates were resistant to levofloxacin and aminoglycoside.
T77757 212729-212863 Sentence denotes All patients had a previous history of antibiotic treatment and all isolates were isolated after more than 12 days of hospitalization.
T46638 212864-212955 Sentence denotes All patients were treated with either levofloxacin only or levofloxacin and aminoglycoside.
T53002 212956-213081 Sentence denotes Microbiologic response rates based on the results of culture tests using samples from the original infection sites were 100%.
T77362 213082-213135 Sentence denotes However, the all-cause 30-day mortality rate was 50%.
T94188 213136-213147 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T20946 213148-213290 Sentence denotes This study showed MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae BSI was fatal, although rare, in patients with severe disease and longterm hospitalization.
T46710 213291-213471 Sentence denotes Further research is necessary to study the appropriate treatment options for MBL-producing BSI, including levofloxacin treatment based on antimicrobial susceptibility test results.
T43842 213472-213482 Sentence denotes Objective:
T50468 213483-213635 Sentence denotes With the increasing of methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) all over the world, the surgical sit infection caused by MRSA also increased.
T68212 213636-213731 Sentence denotes Health care workers (HCWs) carried by MRSA is the role of transmission of MRSA in the hospital.
T3301 213732-213903 Sentence denotes Our study will investigate the carriage rates of S. aureus and MRSA of surgical HCWs in our hospital, and have a molecular epidemiology analysis for all S. aureus strains.
T98033 213904-213912 Sentence denotes Methods:
T26950 213913-214053 Sentence denotes There were 242 pharynx swabs collected from 242 HCWs working in surgical wards, medical wards and an operating room during March-April 2016.
T94063 214054-214130 Sentence denotes The swabs were cultured on mannitol salt agar for choosing suspicion colony.
T69387 214131-214225 Sentence denotes The isolates were identified as S. aureus based on morphology, coagulase test, and VITEK test.
T96373 214226-214336 Sentence denotes Antibiotic susceptibility testing of all isolates was performed by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.
T87028 214337-214411 Sentence denotes The isolates were recognized as MRSAs if they were resistant to oxacillin.
T17974 214412-214516 Sentence denotes All of isolates were analyzed for epidemiological relatedness by pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
T36055 214517-214525 Sentence denotes Results:
T22859 214526-214617 Sentence denotes Out of the 242 healthcare workers, 70 (28.9%) carried S. aureus, and 10 (4.1%)carried MRSA.
T79400 214618-214713 Sentence denotes MRSA carriage rate was highest among nurses (7.5%), while carriage rate among doctors was 1.9%.
T51444 214714-214770 Sentence denotes However, the difference was not significant (P = 0.812).
T11105 214771-214875 Sentence denotes The carriage rates of surgical ward A, ward B, ward C, ward D and the operating room were all above 30%.
T51407 214876-214959 Sentence denotes Similarly, the difference of departments and wards was not significant (P = 0.420).
T65375 214960-215044 Sentence denotes After the PFGE analysis, the isolates were grouped into five similarity groups: A-E.
T32612 215045-215133 Sentence denotes The largest number of isolates belonged to the group D and E, which accounted for 78.2%.
T79844 215134-215237 Sentence denotes On the other hand, two MRSA isolates of surgical ward C were identical in the term of PFGE denderogram.
T17546 215238-215249 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T42989 215250-215377 Sentence denotes The mean carriage rate of S. aureus is 30% among our healthcare workers, which is similar to the other countries' in the world.
T62966 215378-215443 Sentence denotes The MRSA carriage rate is lower than other developing countries'.
T32120 215444-215643 Sentence denotes The carriage rates of surgical wards are not significantly different to other wards', so the surgical sit infection cause by S. aureus is not related with the difference of HCWs' S. aureus carriages.
T72493 215644-215760 Sentence denotes The PFGE denderogram gave the popular gene groups of S. aureus, which might help the surgical sit infection control.
T85794 215761-216056 Sentence denotes Ribotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility among clinical toxigenic Clostridium difficile isolates in Taiwan Yuan-Pin Hung 1,4,5 , Yuan-Ti Lee 6 , Hung-Jen Tang 7 , Hsiao-Ju Lin 1,4,5 , Hsiu-Chuan Liu 2,3 , Jen-Chieh Lee 4 , Pei-Jane Tsai 8 , Bo-Yang Tsai 8 , Po-Ren Hsueh 9 *, Wen-Chien Ko 4 *.
T96565 216057-216068 Sentence denotes Background:
T324 216069-216173 Sentence denotes Some Clostridium difficile hypervirulent strains, including RT027 and RT126 had been reported in Taiwan.
T19038 216174-216282 Sentence denotes The data of toxin gene or ribotype distribution of toxigenic C. difficile isolates in Taiwan remain limited.
T12320 216283-216291 Sentence denotes Methods:
T32014 216292-216379 Sentence denotes The study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2016 in five hospitals in Taiwan.
T33169 216380-216464 Sentence denotes Stool culture for C. difficile was done in fecal sample from patients with diarrhea.
T98706 216465-216626 Sentence denotes Multiplex PCR was used to detect tcdA, tcdB, cdtA, cdtB, and tcdC deletion, and antimicrobial susceptibility was investigated in toxigenic C. difficile isolates.
T50733 216627-216712 Sentence denotes Ribotypes (RTs) of those isolates with tcdC deletion and tcdA-/tcdB+ were determined.
T10531 216713-216721 Sentence denotes Results:
T43426 216722-216867 Sentence denotes Of 1199 C. difficile isolates collected from five hospitals, 904 isolates were toxigenic: tcdA+/tcdB+ (794, 87.8%) and tcdA-/ tcdB+ (110, 12.2%).
T13191 216868-216979 Sentence denotes Of the toxigenic isolates, 81 (9.0%) isolates had tcdC deletion and binary toxin, i.e., hypervirulent isolates.
T25863 216980-217006 Sentence denotes RT078 family (61 isolates:
T84203 217007-217077 Sentence denotes 75.3%, including RT033, RT078, RT126, and RT127) and RT027 family (15:
T76912 217078-217137 Sentence denotes 18.5%, including RT027, RT034, and RT075) were predominant.
T98971 217138-217213 Sentence denotes Of 110 tcdA-/tcdB+ isolates, 100 (90.9%) isolates were identified as RT017.
T23763 217214-217416 Sentence denotes Metronidazole and vancomycin resistance, though rare, was present in 1.2% and 2.0%, respectively, of toxigenic isolates, and of note there were 9 isolates resistant to both metronidazole and vancomycin.
T474 217417-217636 Sentence denotes Irrespective of toxigenic or non-toxigenic isolates, MIC 90 of doxycycline (8 μg/mL) was higher than that of tigecycline (≤0.0625 μg/mL), suggestive of more potent antibacterial activity of tigecycline than doxycycline.
T79432 217637-217648 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T93142 217649-217777 Sentence denotes Hypervirulent isolates accounted for 9% of toxigenic isolates in Taiwan, and the dominant ribotypes were RT078 and RT027 family.
T43606 217778-217872 Sentence denotes Metronidazole or vancomycin remains active against the vast majority of C. difficile isolates.
T13479 217873-218111 Sentence denotes Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones: preferences for nasal and extranasal sites and acute and subacute healthcare settings Angela Chow 1 , Jani Ong 2 , Jia-Wei Lim 1 , Aung-Aung Hein 1 , Grace Tin 1 , Vanessa Lim 1 .
T27336 218112-218235 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 2 Infection Control Unit, Tan Tock Seng Hospital Background:
T35405 218236-218357 Sentence denotes Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most common healthcare-associated multidrug-resistant organism.
T598 218358-218515 Sentence denotes Intermediate-care (ITC) and long-term care (LTC) facilities have been observed to have greater diversities of MRSA clones than in acute-care hospitals (ACH).
T82390 218516-218618 Sentence denotes Differential factors associated with colonization of different MRSA clones have not been well studied.
T35268 218619-218807 Sentence denotes We sought to compare and contrast factors associated with colonization with various MRSA clones among patients contemporaneously hospitalized across acute and subacute healthcare settings.
T87595 218808-218816 Sentence denotes Methods:
T40151 218817-219040 Sentence denotes Over two consecutive years during June-July 2014 and June-July 2015, we screened randomly-selected inpatients with >48 hours stay at a 1600-bed ACH and all inpatients at its 6 affiliated ITC and LTC facilities in Singapore.
T40306 219041-219153 Sentence denotes Separate nasal, axillary, and groin swabs were cultured for MRSA and isolates subject to wholegenome sequencing.
T23459 219154-219216 Sentence denotes Clinical data were subsequently obtained from medical records.
T18048 219217-219409 Sentence denotes To account for clustering, multivariable 2-level multinomial regression models were constructed to assess for factors associated with colonization of major MRSA clones, using SAS Proc Glimmix.
T22697 219410-219418 Sentence denotes Results:
T25791 219419-219484 Sentence denotes A total 10,367 samples from 3483 patients were screened for MRSA.
T48011 219485-219526 Sentence denotes MRSA was isolated in 9.4% of the samples.
T17446 219527-219635 Sentence denotes Sequence type ( However, the groin was 7 times as likely as the nares to be colonized with ST45 (aOR 7.19, .
T96425 219636-219647 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T95068 219648-219772 Sentence denotes Colonization of MRSA clones differed between nasal and extranasal sites and between acute and sub-acute healthcare settings.
T31773 219773-219909 Sentence denotes Regardless of healthcare facility, contact precautions should be taken for recent MRSA-colonizers/infected to prevent MRSA transmission.
T81238 219910-220086 Sentence denotes Epidemiology of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in different health care associated workers Hsin-I Shih 1 , Hsiang-Chin Hsu 2 , Chia-Yu Chi 3 *.
T62098 220087-220098 Sentence denotes Background:
T8216 220099-220207 Sentence denotes Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a main cause of health care-associated disease burden.
T527 220208-220314 Sentence denotes Health care workers (HCWs) have been identified as the source of MRSA in numerous outbreak investigations.
T26630 220315-220456 Sentence denotes Epidemiology of MRSA nasal colonization in a range of HCWs have been studied, and yet out-ofhospital health care providers have limited data.
T75841 220457-220644 Sentence denotes This study aims to characterize the risk factors and molecular epidemiologic characteristics of MRSA colonization in out-of-hospital health care providers and HCWs in a teritary hospital.
T11004 220645-220653 Sentence denotes Methods:
T14473 220654-220683 Sentence denotes This was a prospective study.
T54975 220684-220905 Sentence denotes Participants included outof-hospital health providers such as Emergency Medical Technicians, paramedics, nurses working in the long term care facilities and in-hospital health care providers such as physicians and nurses.
T80003 220906-220988 Sentence denotes Swabs were obtained from nares and processed using standard laboratory techniques.
T43725 220989-221085 Sentence denotes Standard microbiologic methods were used to identify methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and MRSA.
T54207 221086-221249 Sentence denotes Molecular epidemiologic methods included pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, PCR detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and SCCmec and multilocus sequence typing.
T10402 221250-221258 Sentence denotes Results:
T25646 221259-221350 Sentence denotes A total of 112 out-of-hospital health care providers and 137 in-hospital HCWs participated.
T14505 221351-221395 Sentence denotes The combined prevalence rate of MRSA was 7%.
T49054 221396-221498 Sentence denotes The majority of the MRSA colonization were in female (16/17, 94%) and in-hospital nurses (12/17, 71%).
T64663 221499-221562 Sentence denotes Five (29%) of the out-hospital providers had MRSA colonization.
T34446 221563-221574 Sentence denotes Nurses (OR:
T64309 221575-221588 Sentence denotes 9.33, 95% CI:
T56579 221589-221654 Sentence denotes 2.03-42.90) and clinical service year between 5 and 10 years (OR:
T90926 221655-221668 Sentence denotes 3.66, 95% CI:
T90392 221669-221716 Sentence denotes 1-13.67) had higher risk for MRSA colonization.
T13512 221717-221801 Sentence denotes Eight different strains of MRSA were identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
T57516 221802-221907 Sentence denotes The majority of the MRSA was SCCmec IV and V strains, three of which carried Panton-Valentine leukocidin.
T89086 221908-222010 Sentence denotes A unique ST typing 398 from a hospital nurse who ever traveled to Europe was identified in this study.
T8774 222011-222022 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T92717 222023-222148 Sentence denotes The findings suggest that there is substantial colonization of MRSA among in-hospital and out-hospital health care providers.
T95778 222149-222243 Sentence denotes Implementations of infection control strategies should be applied high priority in those HCWs.
T48884 222244-222499 Sentence denotes Trends in Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Taiwan, 2012-2015 Sheng-Kang Chiu 1,2 , Ling Ma 3 , Ming-Chin Chan 4 , Chang-Phone Fung 5 , Tsu-Lan Wu 6 , Yin-Ching Chuang 7 , Po-Liang Lu 8 , Jann-Tay Wang 9 , Jung-Chung Lin 1 , Kuo-Ming Yeh 1 *.
T87458 222500-222511 Sentence denotes Background:
T94030 222512-222689 Sentence denotes Before 2011, the prevalence rates of carbapenemaseproducing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPKP) among carbapenem nonsusceptible K. pneumoniae (CnSKP) isolates were below 10% in Taiwan.
T68091 222690-222767 Sentence denotes We present the dissemination trends of CPKP from January 2012 to August 2015.
T89682 222768-222776 Sentence denotes Methods:
T84049 222777-222835 Sentence denotes Twenty-one hospitals in Taiwan were enrolled in the study.
T42954 222836-223032 Sentence denotes K. pneumoniae isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of >1 mg/L for imipenem or meropenem were collected for carbapenemase genes screening and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
T78717 223033-223041 Sentence denotes Results:
T51956 223042-223170 Sentence denotes A total of 1457 CnSKP isolates were collected and screened for carbapenemase genes, and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.
T81351 223171-223271 Sentence denotes Among 457 CPKP isolates, three classes of carbapenemase genes were identified: class A ( Background:
T87962 223272-223382 Sentence denotes Lancefield group B streptococci (GBS) are increasing as a cause of invasive disease among non-pregnant adults.
T79280 223383-223460 Sentence denotes We set out to characterize GBS isolated from adults in Portugal in 2009-2015.
T74620 223461-223469 Sentence denotes Methods:
T64027 223470-223653 Sentence denotes All GBS isolates (n = 555) were serotyped, assigned to clonal complexes (CCs) by multilocus sequence typing and characterized by surface protein and pilus islands (PI) gene profiling.
T90330 223654-223761 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by disk diffusion and resistance genotypes identified by PCR.
T98615 223762-223830 Sentence denotes High throughput sequencing of representative isolates was performed.
T58034 223831-223839 Sentence denotes Results:
T6176 223840-223971 Sentence denotes Overall, serotype Ia was the most frequently found in the population (31%), followed by serotypes Ib (24%), V (18%), and III (13%).
T14511 223972-224098 Sentence denotes Serotype Ib increased significantly throughout the study period ( p < 0.001), to become the most frequent serotype after 2013.
T42006 224099-224262 Sentence denotes Over 40% of the isolates belonged to CC1, including most isolates of serotypes Ib (n = 110) and V (n = 65), all sharing surface protein gene alp3 and PI-1 + PI-2a.
T81927 224263-224399 Sentence denotes Overall erythromycin and clindamicin resistance rates were 35% and 34%, respectively, both increasing throughout 2009-2015 ( p < 0.010).
T88632 224400-224487 Sentence denotes Macrolide resistance was associated with CC1 ( p < 0.001) and serotype Ib ( p < 0.001).
T89200 224488-224717 Sentence denotes Genomic analysis revealed that the Ib/CC1 lineage probably resulted from the acquisition of the type Ib capsular operon in a single large recombination event (≈300 Kb) by a representative of the V/CC1 macrolide resistant lineage.
T91024 224718-224729 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T72620 224730-224925 Sentence denotes The serotype Ib/CC1 genetic lineage was detected for the first time and expanded in Portugal in the last six years and is now dominant among the GBS population causing invasive disease in adults.
T33075 224926-225189 Sentence denotes High percentage of multidrug-resistant pathogens among long-term care facility residents hospitalized due to urinary tract infections in southern Taiwan Chia-Ming Chang 1,2 , Hsin-I Shih 3 , Chi-Chang Huang 1,2 , Deng-Chi Yang 1 , Yu-Wei Chen 1 , Wen-Chien Ko 2 .
T90781 225190-225488 Sentence denotes 1 Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, 2 Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, 3 Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan Background:
T77245 225489-225611 Sentence denotes Fever and infections are the major causes of transferal to hospitals among residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs).
T79725 225612-225714 Sentence denotes There were rare studies on the infections in LTCFs and pathogens if these residents were hospitalized.
T55794 225715-225900 Sentence denotes This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility from LTCF residents who were hospitalized due to urinary tract infections (UTIs).
T30351 225901-225909 Sentence denotes Methods:
T81105 225910-226088 Sentence denotes During February 2013 to January 2015, patients from the LTCFs that were sent to emergency room (ER) due to diagnosis of UTIs were enrolled in a medical center in southern Taiwan.
T7314 226089-226221 Sentence denotes Clinical information including demographic data, co-morbid conditions, functional status, catheterization status, will be collected.
T34017 226222-226298 Sentence denotes Urine cultures were obtained at emergency room within 24 hours of admission.
T27045 226299-226420 Sentence denotes The cultured gram-negative rods from urine and their susceptibility results by disc diffusion methods were also obtained.
T40393 226421-226429 Sentence denotes Results:
T82348 226430-226507 Sentence denotes A total of 185 patients were enrolled between February 2013 and January 2015.
T71688 226508-226707 Sentence denotes Among these patients, 90(48.6%) were male, mean age was 77 years (range, 20-100 years),156 (84%) were totally dependent in ADLs, 129 (70%) were bed bound and 96 patients (52%) used urinary catheters.
T84718 226708-226806 Sentence denotes E. coli (117 isolates), K. pneumoniae (45), and P. aeruginosa (28) were the most common pathogens.
T84835 226807-226917 Sentence denotes Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers accounted for about 38% of E. coli and 24% of K. pneumoniae.
T46583 226918-227108 Sentence denotes The non-ESBL isolates also showed lower percentage (<60%) of susceptibility to 2nd generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides, but susceptible to fosfomycin and carbapenem.
T21057 227109-227248 Sentence denotes Multidrugresistance (MDR, resistance to ≥3 classes) accounted for 57% and 70% of non-ESBL E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively.
T93813 227249-227392 Sentence denotes P. aeruginosa also showed high percentage (>80%) of resistance to fluoroquinolones, but lower resistance (<20%) to ceftazidime and carbapenems.
T51825 227393-227462 Sentence denotes Two isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were pandrug-resistant (PDR).
T80092 227463-227557 Sentence denotes All 7 A. baumannii isolates were fluoroquinolone resistant, 30% were resistant to carbapenems.
T37252 227558-227569 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T9778 227570-227737 Sentence denotes Our findings highlight MDR and resistance to commonly used oral antimicrobial agents among LTCF residents with UTIs, especially to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins.
T66226 227738-227807 Sentence denotes Empirical antimicrobial therapy might be optimized in these patients.
T69474 227808-228058 Sentence denotes Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus faecium clinical isolates in a Japanese hospital Asami Matsumoto 1 , Yuka Yamagishi 1,2,3 , Hiroyuki Suematsu 3 , Kentaro Oka 2 , Motomichi Takahashi 2 , Hiroshige Mikamo 1,2,3 .
T90971 228059-228070 Sentence denotes Background:
T41864 228071-228179 Sentence denotes Enterococcus spp. are well-known indigenous bacteria that often isolated from human and/or animal specimens.
T96979 228180-228301 Sentence denotes Generally, these species are non-pathogens but it can sometime induce infectious diseases especially in compromised host.
T13705 228302-228543 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to assess the molecular typing of Enterococcus faecium which isolated from single site to evaluate the association and/or differentiation of genotype, infection site, patient group and antimicrobial sensitivity.
T15166 228544-228552 Sentence denotes Methods:
T92995 228553-228734 Sentence denotes We extracted DNA from 159 of E. faecium isolates at Aichi Medical University Hospital in 2015 and assesed random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR method to analysed genotypeing.
T44169 228735-228851 Sentence denotes The antimicrobial sensitivity were examined by the RAISUS automated method (Nissui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Tokyo).
T37680 228852-229001 Sentence denotes Retrospectively analysed with the patients background and/or infection site by medical records to characterize with the correlation between genotype.
T87472 229002-229010 Sentence denotes Results:
T20904 229011-229208 Sentence denotes The results of RAPD-PCR showed that 159 clinical isolates of E. faecium classified into 8 genotypes (Type 1; 52.8%, Type 2; 4.4%, Type 3; 20.8%, Type 4; 11.9%, Type 5; 8.2%, Type 6, 7 and 8; 0.6%).
T34200 229209-229472 Sentence denotes As a result of classification, more than 50% of strains isolated from pus, urine, urinary catheter and venous blood were categorized into Type 1 and more than 80% of strains isolated from choler and ascites were categorized into Type 1 or Type 3 (choler; Type 1 :
T36465 229473-229489 Sentence denotes Type 3 = 39.5% :
T95456 229490-229514 Sentence denotes 44.2%, ascites; Type 1 :
T28111 229515-229531 Sentence denotes Type 3 = 47.4% :
T78928 229532-229539 Sentence denotes 36.8%).
T20639 229540-229708 Sentence denotes In addition, the results of the comparison between genotype and the clinical department where the strains isolated has shown the statistically significant correlations.
T80945 229709-229853 Sentence denotes Moreover, the result of antimicrobial sensitivity, resistant to ampicillin, levofloxacin and minomycin was 69.2%, 67.9% and 30.8%, respectively.
T95627 229854-229932 Sentence denotes However, all isolates were sensitive to linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin.
T82904 229933-230055 Sentence denotes Furthermore, more than 90% of strains were categorized into Type 1, 2 and 4 were resistant to ampicillin and levofloxacin.
T68827 230056-230067 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T8195 230068-230266 Sentence denotes These results clearly suggested the correlation of genotype and infection site of the E. faecium and need to be further analysis of detailed virulence/antimicrobial resistant genes in each genotype.
T64930 230267-230432 Sentence denotes Epidemiological study of Salmonella serogroup from November 2010 to December 2014 in a regional teaching hospital in middle Taiwan Fang-Ching Liu, Chien-Sheng Cheng.
T84221 230433-230464 Sentence denotes Pediatrics Jen-Ai Hospital Tali
T49498 230465-230476 Sentence denotes Background:
T8703 230477-230584 Sentence denotes The frequency with which Salmonella cause diarrhea and antibiotics resistant was increasing in these years.
T61880 230585-230779 Sentence denotes We attempted to determine the pattern of Serogroups and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella infections in a regional teaching hospital during the period of November 2010 to December 2014.
T71455 230780-230788 Sentence denotes Methods:
T10007 230789-230985 Sentence denotes Children with Salmonella enterocolitis were retrospectively reviewed and epidemiology, age, sex, clinical manifestations, laboratory results were recorded between November, 2010 to December, 2014.
T37259 230986-231103 Sentence denotes The isolates and susceptibility of these Salmonella were carried out accordingly to standard microbiological methods.
T86824 231104-231112 Sentence denotes Results:
T35837 231113-231196 Sentence denotes Case records from 205 children were reviewed beteen November 2012 to December 2014.
T82767 231197-231372 Sentence denotes Of the 199 patients whose stool underwent complete testing for Salmonella Serogroup and the majotiry was D1 group (42%), then B group (39%), C1 (10.2%), D2 (5.9%) and C2 (1%).
T90535 231373-231449 Sentence denotes Eight stools (3.5%) tested positive for Salmonella and Rotavirus infections.
T72898 231450-231548 Sentence denotes Overall, 75.6% of cases were under three year of age, with 6.3% being younger than 1 years of age.
T10484 231549-231786 Sentence denotes Fever (95.5%), diarhea (87.4%), vomiting (25.6%) and bloody stool (15.1%) were the most common symptoms for Salmobella infections and abdominal pain (( p < 0.041)were associated with Salmonella Serogroup D1 (17%) and C1 (19%) infections.
T7322 231787-231949 Sentence denotes The resistance rates were 48.2%, 30.7%, 2.5%, 1.5%, and 2.5%, to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ceftriaxone, cefixime and ciprofloxacin, respectively.
T79615 231950-232047 Sentence denotes The majority (98.5%) of CRP was elevated with 53.1% between 0.05 and 5 mg/dl, and 45.5% >5 mg/dl.
T45893 232048-232205 Sentence denotes The symptoms with Salmonella infection to admission was about 2.58 ± 0.96 days and the average hospital date with Salmonella infections was 6.07 ± 1.35 days.
T34465 232206-232217 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T66824 232218-232353 Sentence denotes Salmonella gastroenteritis is the important causing pathogens in infants and children and 75.6% in our study was less than 3 years age.
T25451 232354-232506 Sentence denotes The prevalence of Salmonella Serogroup B decreased from 48% in 2007, 36.8% in 2010 and 39% in 2015 and Serogroup D2 (42%) was predominated in our study.
T3865 232507-232587 Sentence denotes 3.4% of our patients had co-infections with Rotavirus and Salmonella infections.
T97148 232588-232763 Sentence denotes Most of the salmonella serogroups isolated in this study were highly susceptible to the third cephalosporins (97.5%) while resistant to ampicillin (48.2%) and bactrin (30.7%).
T40471 232764-232888 Sentence denotes The rising resistant antimicrobial agents informed us the rational antibiotics uage and the importance of infection control.
T36709 232889-232900 Sentence denotes Background:
T1811 232901-233107 Sentence denotes There are many currently available epidemiologic strain typing methods including antibiogram, pulsed-filed gel electrophoresis, restricted fragment length polymorphism and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
T81543 233108-233188 Sentence denotes Among them, MLST is the most widely used method for the evaluation of clonality.
T1261 233189-233331 Sentence denotes MLST is an unambiguous procedure for characterizing isolates using pairwise sequence analysis of the internal fragments of seven housekeeping.
T23239 233332-233401 Sentence denotes However, major disadvantage of MLST is high-cost and labor-intensity.
T31778 233402-233521 Sentence denotes We designed Microsoft Excel-based macro system for the automated analysis of DNA sequences of seven housekeeping genes.
T71043 233522-233530 Sentence denotes Methods:
T75548 233531-233623 Sentence denotes Using excel-based macro, sequencing data were called to the spreadsheet as string-type text.
T53869 233624-233709 Sentence denotes Next, sequences with reverse primer were replaced with a complementary base sequence.
T16703 233710-233854 Sentence denotes Forward sequence and complementary base-replaced reverse sequence were assembled and aligned by matching 100-consecutive 20-identical sequences.
T38849 233855-234026 Sentence denotes Finally, assembled sequence were compared to the pre-built database constructed from online MLST database (http://www.mlst.net/databases/) to determine the type of allele.
T1746 234027-234106 Sentence denotes In case of non-typable allele, we manually checked through the online database.
T46534 234107-234230 Sentence denotes To evaluate the accuracy, we compared the result of our program with the result of pre-manually determined sequence typing.
T62463 234231-234239 Sentence denotes Results:
T68160 234240-234348 Sentence denotes We chose the fasta-format text files as the raw data which should be called to the spreadsheet for analysis.
T40722 234349-234540 Sentence denotes For process of the raw data calling, all the fasta files in the specified folder was automatically loaded, which takes most of the running time, however, is the main advantage of our program.
T40950 234541-234703 Sentence denotes The running-time of the whole process was 10 minutes per 50 strains, which is much faster than the manual typing method, which would generally take several hours.
T99104 234704-234775 Sentence denotes Comparing with the results of manual typing, concordance rate was 100%.
T56501 234776-234882 Sentence denotes All the non-typable alleles through our program were revealed as new allelic type when confirmed manually.
T39246 234883-234998 Sentence denotes Conclusion: MLST is a good method for epidemiologic evaluation, however, labor-intensity is the major disadvantage.
T50252 234999-235101 Sentence denotes We designed macro-based automated analysis, and the concordance rate with manual typing was excellent.
T23991 235102-235165 Sentence denotes Also, this program may prevent clerical error of manual typing.
T49487 235166-235260 Sentence denotes Excel-based macros can be used by anyone, and can be constructed through uncomplicated coding.
T81941 235261-235324 Sentence denotes This might be useful for the large scale epidemiologic studies.
T36388 235325-235466 Sentence denotes Accuracy of bleaching concentration used in a medical center in Taiwan Pei-Chun Pan 1 , Ying-Chun Chen 1 , Hui-Mei Huang 2 , Zhi-Yuan Shi 1 .
T69572 235467-235635 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, 2 Nursing Department, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Background:
T23332 235636-235777 Sentence denotes The cleaning and disinfection of contaminated equipment and environment are essential for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections.
T96987 235778-235874 Sentence denotes The most common chemical used to clean the hospital environment is bleach (sodium hypochlorite).
T65682 235875-235948 Sentence denotes The concentration of bleach will decay by chang of temperature and light.
T86725 235949-236045 Sentence denotes As a result, the bleach with suboptimal concentration cannot kill the microorganism effectively.
T43279 236046-236139 Sentence denotes However, the concentration of bleach is not routinely checked in the daily cleaning practice.
T88841 236140-236312 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to investigate the concentrations of various brands of bleaches used in hospital, and ensure the optimal concentration of bleaches can be achieved.
T61772 236313-236321 Sentence denotes Methods:
T11922 236322-236413 Sentence denotes Twelve bleaches from 5 chemical companies were purchased during February 2016 to July 2017.
T51182 236414-236554 Sentence denotes The bleaches were diluted with tap water to a presumed concentration of 500 PPM, according to the procedures suggested by the manufacturers.
T57771 236555-236630 Sentence denotes The diluted concentrations were determined by a bleach concentration meter.
T89781 236631-236633 Sentence denotes 1.
T60644 236634-236693 Sentence denotes The concentration of 12 bleaches varied from 234 to 466PPM.
T75398 236694-236696 Sentence denotes 2.
T86727 236697-236743 Sentence denotes The average diluted concentration was 370 PPM.
T12379 236744-236801 Sentence denotes The concentrations of the bleaches could decay gradually.
T94216 236802-236899 Sentence denotes We are concerned about that the suboptimal concentration will not kill the pathogens effectively.
T56417 236900-236967 Sentence denotes For quality assurance, the manufacturers should focus on 3 aspects.
T71319 236968-237066 Sentence denotes First, they should provide product certificate that meets the required specification in contracts.
T31848 237067-237157 Sentence denotes Second, they should assure appropriate storage, transport, and dispensing of the products.
T20684 237158-237215 Sentence denotes Third, they should perform the product monitoring system.
T86235 237216-237310 Sentence denotes The hospitals have to carefully inspect the quality of the bleaches that are reliable for use.
T45379 237311-237492 Sentence denotes Could the HOCl as a high level disinfection solution for environment cleaning Wen-Jun Yeh 1 , Fu-Chieh Chang 1 , Ya-Ling Chen 1 , Chang-Pan Liu 1,2 , Nan-Chang Chiu 3 , Hsin Chi 3 .
T72773 237493-237601 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, 2 Department of Infection, MacKay Memorial Hospital, 3
T77098 237603-237644 Sentence denotes Background: HOCl is a unstable weak acid.
T56327 237645-237689 Sentence denotes In vitro, this production can kill pathogen.
T9807 237690-237774 Sentence denotes So in this study, we wanted to investigate the function of this produce in clinical.
T91083 237775-237883 Sentence denotes As we know, if this can kill pathogen from surface, then we could not culture any pathogen from the surface.
T56142 237884-237939 Sentence denotes So we used the traditional method to check its fuction.
T30105 237940-237948 Sentence denotes Methods:
T34254 237949-237994 Sentence denotes In this study, we choice 15 beds for culture.
T30706 237995-238068 Sentence denotes Before the terminal disinfection, we collect the sample from environment.
T9481 238069-238158 Sentence denotes Then we used the HOCl as a high level disinfection solution to cleaning and disinfection.
T62652 238159-238238 Sentence denotes After that, we still collected the sample from the environment then culture it.
T54871 238239-238285 Sentence denotes After incubated 48 hours, we check the result.
T80589 238286-238294 Sentence denotes Results:
T27967 238295-238371 Sentence denotes The result showed 26% culture positive after HOCl cleaning and disinfection.
T12203 238372-238457 Sentence denotes Otherwise, the culture positive ratio of chlorine solution was 21% before this study.
T59714 238458-238524 Sentence denotes So, the result showed there were no different between each method.
T56912 238525-238581 Sentence denotes But the price of HOCl are higher than chlorine solution.
T68904 238582-238593 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T15146 238594-238686 Sentence denotes In this study, the HOCl solution function were not good enough to replace chlorine solution.
T62714 238687-238734 Sentence denotes Even though the experiment were great in vitro.
T95424 238735-238876 Sentence denotes So, according to this study, we didn't suggest the hospital use HOCl solution as a High level disinfection solution for environment Cleaning.
T83285 238877-238982 Sentence denotes The improvement of food safety through tableware washing at hospital in Taiwan Yu-Hong Tsai, Lin-Lin Pan.
T96601 238983-239054 Sentence denotes Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi
T70609 239055-239066 Sentence denotes Background:
T64179 239067-239135 Sentence denotes The quality of meals provided in hospitals is essential to patients.
T47674 239136-239242 Sentence denotes The nosocomial food contamination can cause various food-borne illnesses of patients and healthcare staff.
T5173 239243-239347 Sentence denotes The Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) abrogated and amended the regulations about tableware in 2014.
T92358 239348-239471 Sentence denotes We examine whether the regulation is enough to monitor the food safety base on our experience about non-conformity in 2016.
T99437 239472-239480 Sentence denotes Methods:
T97461 239481-239631 Sentence denotes The surveillance was performed based on the standard "Methods of test for food microorganisms-test of coli-form bacteria" announced by MOHW in Taiwan.
T84665 239632-239818 Sentence denotes The lauryl tryptose broth (LST) and eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar were used to measure the most probable number (MPN) of coli-form bacteria and Escherichia coli in tableware and meals.
T39686 239819-239827 Sentence denotes Results:
T87569 239828-239877 Sentence denotes The spoiled meal was informed from wards in 2016.
T10148 239878-239977 Sentence denotes At first, the negative result was reported in the MPN of Escherichia coli from tableware and meals.
T46782 239978-240216 Sentence denotes However, the result revealed that 1150 MPN/g of coli-form bacteria in the meals was more than the threshold (1000 MPN/g) from the regulation "Sanitation Standard for General Foods" approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in Taiwan.
T42984 240217-240335 Sentence denotes Klebsiella pneumonia was isolated from contaminated simultaneously tableware and meals through further identification.
T44975 240336-240488 Sentence denotes Thus, the infection control team-driven intervention was activated immediately to correct the procedure of tableware washing performed by subcontractor.
T61067 240489-240593 Sentence denotes We implement the condition with dry-heat 110°C for 30 min from food industry to disinfect the tableware.
T36013 240594-240682 Sentence denotes The surveillance was continued monitored to confirm the cleanness of reusable tableware.
T43993 240683-240694 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T92569 240695-240824 Sentence denotes In summary, we identified the contaminated meals were resulted from inadequate tableware washing and improved abnormal procedure.
T43912 240825-241030 Sentence denotes We suggest that the regulation about pathogens isolated from reusable and disposable tableware should be considered and established in hospitals to improve the food safety of patients and healthcare staff.
T2925 241031-241157 Sentence denotes Investigation of an abnormal result in dialysis water Ya-Ling Chen 1 , Jih-Roung Lu 2 , Fu-Chieh Chang 1 , Chang-Pan Liu 1,3 .
T4215 241158-241169 Sentence denotes Background:
T15006 241170-241293 Sentence denotes According to TSN2013 guideline, dialysis water have to exam every month, and the reference range was lower than 200 CFU/mL.
T5910 241294-241453 Sentence denotes If the data was under 200 CFU/mL higher than 50 CFU/mL, clinical staff or engineer have to find the possible reason that caused the data higher than 50 CFU/mL.
T17712 241454-241557 Sentence denotes In this investigation, we report a situation that caused the data higher than 50 CFU/mL for two months.
T1219 241558-241690 Sentence denotes And after finding the possible origin, we did some change, then the result showed its useful that no cases present after the change.
T2356 241691-241699 Sentence denotes Methods:
T88635 241700-241777 Sentence denotes In this study, we drew a picture to check the possible site of the RO system.
T26324 241778-241835 Sentence denotes Otherwise, we collected 35 dialysis water from RO system.
T10159 241836-241882 Sentence denotes Then we used the TGEA agar as a culture media.
T38499 241883-241944 Sentence denotes After 168 hours incubated in 20°C, we check the colony count.
T96022 241945-241953 Sentence denotes Results:
T40721 241954-242088 Sentence denotes After incubated, we found the RO system's dialysis water were qualified, but the outlet of RO system's dialysis water was unqualified.
T12858 242089-242169 Sentence denotes Otherwise, we found all the unqualified water were cultured positive for fungus.
T32016 242170-242235 Sentence denotes The result showed the fungus belonged to Candida and Aspergillus.
TextSentencer_T452 242236-242293 Sentence denotes After checked the data, we tried to find possible source.
TextSentencer_T453 242294-242305 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T454 242306-242407 Sentence denotes Finally, we found all the positive culture site that something inside or something nearby the outlet.
TextSentencer_T455 242408-242477 Sentence denotes And the goods were tooth mug、toothbrush and some personal belongings.
TextSentencer_T456 242478-242560 Sentence denotes So we suggested the clinical staff clean the space that empty the space of outlet.
TextSentencer_T457 242561-242644 Sentence denotes Thanks to the supporting of nurse, there are no more culture positive data present.
T53239 242645-242800 Sentence denotes Systemic analysis of the culture data after terminal disinfection Ya-Ling Chen 1 , Fen-Mei Chen 2 , Li-Chuan Kao 2 , Fu-Chieh Chang 1 , Chang-Pan Liu 1,3 .
T49715 242801-242969 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Center, MacKay memorial Hospital, 2 Department of Nursing, MacKay memorial Hospital, 3 Department of Infection, MacKay memorial Hospital Background:
T75953 242970-243079 Sentence denotes As we know, the terminal disinfection is very important to prove new patient avoid bacteria from environment.
T85421 243080-243143 Sentence denotes In clinical, we suggested to use the disposable wipe for clean.
T33010 243144-243216 Sentence denotes And the chlorine solution had to over 500 ppm for terminal disinfection.
T84664 243217-243267 Sentence denotes Otherwise, we taught the cleaner the way to clean.
T65033 243268-243389 Sentence denotes So, in this study, we wanted to check if the environment still have Multi-drug resistant organisms after cleaning or not.
T9588 243390-243398 Sentence denotes Methods:
T91259 243399-243475 Sentence denotes In this study, we chose 41 beds 492 sites that contain MDRO before cleaning.
T62382 243476-243529 Sentence denotes Then we used the chromogenic agar as a culture media.
T62319 243530-243596 Sentence denotes After 48 hours incubated, we can check the bacteria growth or not.
T36072 243597-243686 Sentence denotes Finally we did the Antibiotic susceptibility test to check the MDRO still present or not.
T18528 243687-243695 Sentence denotes Results:
T93738 243696-243772 Sentence denotes After experiment, we found 21% (9/41) of bed that culture positive for MDRO.
T24231 243773-243898 Sentence denotes And the bacteria were Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (8/9) and Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae (1/9).
T67740 243899-243963 Sentence denotes Most culture positive bed were from Medical Intensive Care Unit.
T70748 243964-243975 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T18305 243976-244066 Sentence denotes According to this study, we did the education of the staff in Medical Intensive Care Unit.
T50211 244067-244136 Sentence denotes Besides that, we ask the cleaner used the disposable wipe every time.
T32767 244137-244212 Sentence denotes Then have to check the concentration of the chlorine solution before clean.
T7029 244213-244224 Sentence denotes Background:
T64633 244225-244303 Sentence denotes According to the chemotherapy bleach detection of the bacteria assessment SOP.
T55719 244304-244362 Sentence denotes After the environment is clean to perform a bacteria test.
T4547 244363-244444 Sentence denotes The culture dish needs to be left 1 hour and then sent to the laboratory culture.
T60010 244445-244490 Sentence denotes To facilitate environmental clean monitoring.
T34775 244491-244572 Sentence denotes But after the petri dish inspection, often more than the laboratory to work time.
T46443 244573-244702 Sentence denotes So for the evaluation of postharvest petri dish placed in the chemotherapy room until the next morning to the laboratory culture.
T5731 244703-244768 Sentence denotes And the original work manual implementation process is different.
T31822 244769-244851 Sentence denotes The traps are evaluated after the test feasibility of inspection for the next day.
T30840 244852-244860 Sentence denotes Methods:
T13988 244861-245078 Sentence denotes Each time the implementation of the bacteria test will be divided into the control group (immediately check after the colletion) each time 8 pieces, test group ( petri dish every other day checked) each time 8 pieces.
T5712 245079-245111 Sentence denotes Observe the results of training.
T5582 245112-245226 Sentence denotes The control group was tested on October 13, November 17, 2016 and January 5, February 23, March 9, April 13, 2017.
T59558 245227-245279 Sentence denotes The test group was on October 14, November 18, 2016.
T39845 245280-245365 Sentence denotes January 6, February 24, March 10 April 14, 2017 respectively implementation training.
T62654 245366-245374 Sentence denotes Results:
T26911 245375-245504 Sentence denotes In the chemotherapy room to blood agar plate (BAP, 90 mm) for 1 hour and the collection was complete sent to laboratory training.
T44014 245505-245571 Sentence denotes The control group was submitted six times (48 pieces of specimen).
T34072 245572-245631 Sentence denotes The test group submitted six times (48 pieces of specimen).
T17548 245632-245682 Sentence denotes Total of ninty-six samples no colonies were grown.
T72318 245683-245764 Sentence denotes The results of the control group and the test group were consistent ( Figure 1 ).
T44113 245765-245776 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T3579 245777-245958 Sentence denotes From the experimental results that whether the postharvest petri dish is immediately sent to the bacterial chamber culture or after the inspection of the petri dish every other day.
T55636 245959-246088 Sentence denotes As long as the chemical deployment room environment clean thoroughly And colony culture dish inspection and disposal appropriate.
T7763 246089-246157 Sentence denotes Can get a good environment for the deployment of chemotherapy drugs.
T93762 246158-246201 Sentence denotes To protect the patient's medication safety.
T4910 246202-246472 Sentence denotes Reducing HAI by implementation of environment clean separation management measures using 4 different color disposable wipes Swee Siang Wong 1 *, Chiu Chu Yang 2 , Yi Pei Hsieh 2 , Chen Ni Kuo 2 , Yi Ru Chen 2 , Li Ching Chen 1 , Ko chung Tsui 1,3,4 , Cheng Hua Huang 1 .
T35043 246473-246484 Sentence denotes Background:
T58297 246485-246579 Sentence denotes Environmental cleaning is a fundamental principle of infection control in healthcare settings.
T16388 246580-246735 Sentence denotes However, the comparative application methods and contamination assessment techniques is unknown, and no consensus exists around benchmarks for cleanliness.
T63641 246736-246926 Sentence denotes We sought to determine whether implement environment clean separation management measures in a medical intensive care unit (MICU) could reduce the density of healthcare associated infection.
T4870 246927-246935 Sentence denotes Methods:
T77831 246936-247089 Sentence denotes We performed a 4-month prospective cohort intervention study, August ∼ December 2013, at medical intensive care unit in a 700-bed tertiary care hospital.
T30651 247090-247346 Sentence denotes Following one month of preintervention phase, implementing education and training for all cleaning staff and related personnel to use environment clean separation management measures by using 4 different color disposable wipes to clean high tough surfaces.
T70367 247347-247645 Sentence denotes The cleaning staff was asked to use red wipe to clean the toilet door knobs, isolation room and waste room, yellow wipe to clean the patient's bedside, green wipe to clean the nursing station and meeting room, blue wipe to clean the procedure tables, refrigerator handle and water dispenser button.
T11417 247646-247732 Sentence denotes The cleaning effect of the MICU environment was measured by using ATP bioluminescence.
T30864 247733-247824 Sentence denotes Then the density of health-care associated infection of the MICU was monitored every month.
T6345 247825-247833 Sentence denotes Results:
T49044 247834-247922 Sentence denotes The ATP bioluminescence value <100 is determined as pass and >200 is determined as fail.
T17576 247923-248288 Sentence denotes Within the study period, the value of pass increase from 13% to 53%, the value of fail decrease from 47% to 20%; numerical difference trend of the pass value increase from −7% to 20% and fail value decrease from 13% to −20%, showing the use of different color disposable wipes and the correct wiping method or wiping process can improve the environment cleanliness.
T74109 248289-248438 Sentence denotes The density of health-care associated infection one month before the intervention phase is 12.8‰ and one month after the intervention phase is 12.6‰.
T30096 248439-248450 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T38650 248451-248554 Sentence denotes Using environment clean separation management measures is effective in cleanliness of MICU environment.
T21473 248555-248635 Sentence denotes However, there is no decline of the density of health-care associated infection.
T82863 248636-248717 Sentence denotes Experience sharing of improving surgical hand scrub water quality Chih Hao Tseng.
T88731 248718-248786 Sentence denotes Infection Control Office; Clinical Laboratory Department Background:
T53990 248787-248832 Sentence denotes According to 2006 New Hospital Accreditation:
T95915 248833-249107 Sentence denotes The Surgery and Anesthesia departments should regularly implement bacteriological examination, yet relevant literatures did not suggest regular inspections, and these inspections should be implemented only when associated epidemiology data was required to confirm outbreaks.
T430 249108-249352 Sentence denotes However, in consideration of healthcare quality and patient safety, infection control (IC) team had routinely collected and cultured surgical hand scrub water samples from total 4 faucets in our operation room (OR) by IC technician every month.
T58713 249353-249394 Sentence denotes The results had been less than 50 cfu/ml.
T31308 249395-249657 Sentence denotes On Sep 23, 2015, the cultured result of 4 water samples showed abnormal increase: from 70 to over 200 cfu/ml Methods: IC team had discussed with OR head nurse and ruled out anthropic factors but we were not conscious of ultraviolet germicidal lamp (UVGL) factor.
T65514 249658-249798 Sentence denotes After further discussion with public works department, "decay of UVGL" was recognized as the primary cause of decreased germicidal efficacy.
T65517 249799-250387 Sentence denotes Improvement measures were subsequently developed and implemented as described below: (1) Check and wipe off the dust on the surface of UV lamp every week to avoid penetration reduction that might affect germicidal efficacy (executed by sanitary staff, and included the practice in the routine clean work). (2) Staffs should always be aware of the status of UVGL, and once UV system is in alarm, beeping, immediately report to the OR leader nurse to call the manufacturer. (3) Renew UVGL and filter cartridge every year and every six months, respectively, to ensure the germicidal ability.
T43301 250388-250396 Sentence denotes Results:
T5868 250397-250436 Sentence denotes The measures were taken and carried on.
T20795 250437-250535 Sentence denotes We follow up in the next 6 months and the water quality of all 4 faucets were normal (<50 cfu/ml).
T32228 250536-250600 Sentence denotes Conclusion: UV germicidal lamp is widely used for sterilization.
T51545 250601-250700 Sentence denotes It is generally thought that UVGL has sustained germicidal intensity until the lamp is full dimmed.
T37181 250701-250756 Sentence denotes Thus, decay of UVGL tends to be neglected in such case.
T65644 250757-250847 Sentence denotes In fact, its germicidal ability is associated with Irradiation intensity (I) and Time (T).
T84490 250848-250952 Sentence denotes Therefore, the dust and grease on the surface of UV lamp may reduce penetration and germicidal efficacy.
T11594 250953-251128 Sentence denotes Hopefully, the experience sharing can remind IC healthcare workers of the link between decay of UV lamp and incomplete sterilization that is closely related to patient safety.
T63724 251129-251388 Sentence denotes The experience of ameliorating abnormal reverse osmosis water quality in hemodialysis room of the reginal teaching hospital Hui-Ying Chuang 1,2 , Yea-Fang Wu 2 , Shu-Jiuan Tsai 1,2 , Ya-Lan Chen 1,2 , Mei-Lan Shen 3 , Chorng-Jang Lay 1,4 , Chen-Chi Tsai 1,4 .
T48256 251389-251400 Sentence denotes Background:
T58024 251401-251566 Sentence denotes After typhoon in July, 2014, we found that the 67% of dialysis machines had >50CFU/ml bacterial count of the reverse osmosis (RO) dialysate in the hemodialysis room.
T83158 251567-251575 Sentence denotes Methods:
T20182 251576-251684 Sentence denotes After survey, we found that the typhoon-induced turbid tap water contributed shortening life of RO membrane.
T11576 251685-251844 Sentence denotes So, we made some provisions for this problem, including changing RO membrane, disinfection of pipeline every week, and sampling RO dialysis after disinfection.
T85285 251845-251991 Sentence denotes When the result of RO dialysis sampling achieves <50CFU/ml for 6 months, the frequency of pipeline disinfection was prolonged to every other week.
T878 251992-252070 Sentence denotes In addition, RO dialysis sampling must be performed immediately after typhoon.
T23229 252071-252079 Sentence denotes Results:
T91699 252080-252172 Sentence denotes Three months after these procedures, <5% of dialysis machines had >50CFU/ml of RO dialysate.
T42821 252173-252245 Sentence denotes In 2017, there were no dialysis machines with >50CFU/ml of RO dialysate.
T6204 252246-252257 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T88298 252258-252350 Sentence denotes After typhoon, sampling of RO dialysate for bacterial count should be performed immediately.
T25784 252351-252506 Sentence denotes When water quality is abnormal, it is necessary to change RO membrane and reinforce disinfection of pipeline for guaranteeing good quality of RO dialysate.
T7061 252507-252678 Sentence denotes Effectiveness of an ultraviolet-C disinfection system for reduction of multidrug-resistant pathogens Jui-Hsuan Yang 1 , Un-In Wu 1 , Huei-Min Tai 1 , Wang-Huei Sheng 1,2 .
T48056 252679-252850 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, 2 Center for Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
T92788 252851-252862 Sentence denotes Background:
T69733 252863-253010 Sentence denotes Healthcare-associated infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens are significantly associated with increased mortality and morbidity.
T87841 253011-253101 Sentence denotes Environmental cleaning can reduce transmission of these pathogens but is often inadequate.
T26866 253102-253284 Sentence denotes Adjunctive, no touch methods are warranted to enhance the effectiveness of disinfection particularly in hospital settings where healthcare-associated infections are of major concern.
T46511 253285-253293 Sentence denotes Methods:
T46078 253294-253468 Sentence denotes The study was conducted at National Taiwan University Hospital, a 2400-bed acute care medical center in Taipei, northern Taiwan, during the period October 2015 to March 2016.
T90732 253469-253568 Sentence denotes We examined the effectiveness of a mobile, automatic device, Hyper Light Disinfection Robot (model:
T63844 253569-253907 Sentence denotes Hyper Light P3), which utilized ultraviolet-C (UV-C) (254 nm) to kill clinical strains of MDR-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MDR-Acinetobacter baumannii, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), ATCC strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Mycobacterium abscessus and Aspergillus fumigatus in experimental setting.
T66465 253908-254002 Sentence denotes The device was wheeled into different strategic position that was 1 meter from the agar plate.
T34744 254003-254142 Sentence denotes Then, the device was wheeled to a distance of 2 and 3 meters from other sets of agar plates with the same number of colonies, respectively.
T91079 254143-254222 Sentence denotes The above experiments were repeated with 5, 10 and 15 minutes of exposure time.
T99043 254223-254364 Sentence denotes The performance of this device in disinfecting three hospital rooms previously admitted by patients harboring MRSA and VRE was also assessed.
T18928 254365-254373 Sentence denotes Results:
T68750 254374-254569 Sentence denotes In vitro, more than 3 log 10 reduction of vegetative bacteria colonies was observed after UV-C irradiation of 5 minutes at a distance of 3 meters from the device, except for VRE and M. abscessus.
T96544 254570-254715 Sentence denotes At the distance of 1 meter, substantial and comparable reduction of colonies was observed across all tested bacteria regardless of exposure time.
T39541 254716-254815 Sentence denotes The killing effect was less pronounced for A. fumigatus particularly at the distance of 2-3 meters.
T88820 254816-255003 Sentence denotes In uncleaned hospital rooms, there was significant reduction in the number of bacteria colonies sampled from different surfaces after UV-C irradiation for 15 minutes (24 hours incubation:
T70625 255004-255054 Sentence denotes 35 CFUs vs 0 CFUs, p= 0.0005; 48 hours incubation:
T42470 255055-255088 Sentence denotes 165 CFUs vs. 0 CFUs, p < 0.0001).
T50807 255089-255101 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T20508 255102-255252 Sentence denotes The Hyper Light P3 device was effective in killing MDR pathogens and could be considered as an adjunctive method in disinfecting hospital environment.
T35440 255253-255437 Sentence denotes Urinary tract infections associated with cross-contamination of ureteroscopes Jung-Hui Chen 1 , Mei-Hua Lin 1 , Wei-Rong Huang 1 , Yi-Ching Hsieh 1 , Chun-Yi Lee 1,2 , Mei Huang 1,2 *.
T4331 255438-255449 Sentence denotes Background:
T44852 255450-255571 Sentence denotes Ureteroscope is a minimally invasive procedure widely used for examination and treatment of the urinary tract conditions.
T29241 255572-255758 Sentence denotes Cleaning and disinfection of the ureteroscopes used for the sterile procedure should follow standardized guidelines to prevent iatrogenic infections associated with cross-contaminations.
T38659 255759-255909 Sentence denotes In May 2016, the urology department of a hospital found that 4 patients fevered and urine cultures were positive about 1 to 3 days after ureteroscope.
T40433 255910-256029 Sentence denotes The Infection Control Group investigated and took relevant measures in order to avoid a similar situation happen again.
T49963 256030-256038 Sentence denotes Methods:
T98203 256039-256154 Sentence denotes The urology department of a hospital informed that 4 patients underwent ureteroscope during 17, 18 and 23 May 2016.
T45632 256155-256242 Sentence denotes They had fever and urine cultures were positive about 1 to 3 days after returning home.
T73724 256243-256461 Sentence denotes The Infection Control Group tracked data and found that there were 5 people fevered and urine cultures were positive among those patients who underwent ureteroscopy since 1 May, and 4 of them use the same ureteroscope.
T16322 256462-256533 Sentence denotes Furthermore, their urine cultures were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA*3).
T39769 256534-256577 Sentence denotes By preliminary judge, it's a cluster event.
T72090 256578-256698 Sentence denotes Further investigation revealed that ureteroscope cleaning staffs didn't performe in accordance with standard procedures.
T86201 256699-256808 Sentence denotes The Infection Control Group intervened immediately and implemented the infection control measures as follows:
T7791 256809-256811 Sentence denotes 1.
T60773 256812-256917 Sentence denotes To modify the disinfection method, and soak ureteroscope into the enzyme for 1 minute before cleaning; 2.
T25956 256918-257026 Sentence denotes To purchase ureteroscope brushes, and clean lumens by using the brushes while cleaning all ureteroscopes; 3.
T51145 257027-257093 Sentence denotes To strengthen the examination of ureteroscope cleaning process; 4.
T74487 257094-257165 Sentence denotes To suspend the use of problem ureteroscope until the test is qualified.
T44831 257166-257174 Sentence denotes Results:
T2859 257175-257282 Sentence denotes After the intervention, there were no cases of infection due to ureteroscope from that day to 21 June 2016.
T38753 257283-257370 Sentence denotes But 4 cases of infection appeared when the problem ureteroscope was re-used on 22 June.
T72432 257371-257523 Sentence denotes Therefore, prompted another investigation which indicated that the ureteroscope was suspected to be damaged and should no longer be used on any patient.
T34340 257524-257535 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T46768 257536-257683 Sentence denotes Contaminated ureteroscope could lead to transmission of infections resulting in increased healthcare cost and even life-threatening adverse events.
T96546 257684-257860 Sentence denotes Competency training, periodic auditing and biologic testing, and maintenance of ureteroscope are important to ensure the quality of ureteroscopy and the safety of the patients.
T83999 257861-258044 Sentence denotes Investigation of a suspected outbreak of nontuberculous mycobacteria infected associated with bronchoscopy Chun-Ming Lee 1 , Hsiu-Tzu Chiang 2 , Fu-Chieh Chang 2 , Chang-Pan Liu 2,3 .
T14763 258045-258056 Sentence denotes Background:
T88859 258057-258182 Sentence denotes Genus Bacillus, especially Bacillus cereus is a pathogen in patients who are immunocompromised or have underlying conditions.
T82281 258183-258317 Sentence denotes Also contamination of reused hand towels by Bacillus cereus spores sometimes causes severe sepsis, wound infections following surgery.
T4515 258318-258426 Sentence denotes However, treatment of the towels with disinfectants in the washing process hardly removes the contamination.
T75386 258427-258542 Sentence denotes In Japan, beauty salon also use the steamed reused towel for removing the cream after facial treatment and healing.
T70628 258543-258631 Sentence denotes However, there are few reports about the bacterial contaminations for the steamed towel.
T98197 258632-258755 Sentence denotes In this study, we investigated the contaminations of bacteria from reused towel and steam warmer for beauty salon in Japan.
T13332 258756-258764 Sentence denotes Methods:
T81604 258765-258853 Sentence denotes The five steamed towels before using were randomly selected from the steam towel warmer.
T99822 258854-258951 Sentence denotes The test objects were cut off 1 piece (1 cm 2 ) from each towel and extracted bacteria by saline.
T57573 258952-259055 Sentence denotes For examination for contamination of steam warmer, the samples were collected by cotton swab in saline.
T48130 259056-259138 Sentence denotes The extracts were spread on the blood agar and incubate them on 37C for overnight.
T50677 259139-259205 Sentence denotes Then, the bacterial identification were done by 16sRNA sequencing.
T34105 259206-259214 Sentence denotes Results:
T66147 259215-259290 Sentence denotes Cultures from towels showed Bacillus spp. contamination of all of 5 towels.
T32009 259291-259368 Sentence denotes Each bacterial number of towels were from 6.8 × 10 2 to 3.4 × 10 3 cfu/cm 3 .
T87088 259369-259417 Sentence denotes No bacteria were detected from the steam warmer.
T26412 259418-259429 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T55455 259430-259509 Sentence denotes The steamed towels from beauty salon were heavily contaminated by Bacillus spp.
T94658 259510-259600 Sentence denotes Accordingly, we recommend the use of disposable hand towels for treatment in beauty salon.
T62832 259601-259723 Sentence denotes The impact of regular urine drainage bag outlet disinfection on the urine cultures Yu-Yi Yang, Mei-Yu Wu, Chun-Hsing Liao.
T63909 259724-259779 Sentence denotes Infection Control Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital
T15522 259780-259791 Sentence denotes Background:
T91761 259792-259998 Sentence denotes In the Taiwan CDC "Prevention of catheter related urinary tract infection bundle care" program, the board asks participating hospitals to disinfect the outlet of the urinary drainage bag after each opening.
T32886 259999-260050 Sentence denotes This recommendation is based with limited evidence.
T97353 260051-260198 Sentence denotes In order to understand the effect, we perform a prospective study to analyze the urine cultures from urinary bags with/without outlet disinfection.
T57058 260199-260207 Sentence denotes Methods:
T12964 260208-260407 Sentence denotes Due to significant risk differences of contamination for short-term and long-term urinary catheters, we separated the study group into short-term catheter (<3 days) and long-term catheters (>7 days).
T94888 260408-260537 Sentence denotes For test group, we asked the nurses and family members to disinfect the outlet with alcohol swab every time the outlet is opened.
T77008 260538-260587 Sentence denotes For control group, no disinfection was performed.
T38341 260588-260764 Sentence denotes The samples for urine cultures from urine bag and swab culture for urine bag outlet (cotton swab inserted into the outlet) were collected when the urinary catheter was removed.
T20228 260765-260773 Sentence denotes Results:
T49681 260774-260901 Sentence denotes For short-term catheter, the positive urine culture rate was 0% (0/10) for the test group and 10% (1/10) for the control group.
T31328 260902-260945 Sentence denotes The outlet swab positive rate was the same.
T29645 260946-261073 Sentence denotes For long-term catheter, the positive urine culture rate was 80% (8/10) for the test group and 40% (4/10) for the control group.
T85758 261074-261144 Sentence denotes The outlet swab positive rate was 40% for both control and test group.
T55675 261145-261215 Sentence denotes The most common isolated microorganisms were E-coli, Enterococcus spp.
T70162 261216-261227 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T66333 261228-261367 Sentence denotes Disinfection of urinary drainage bag outlet with alcohol swab after each opening is not found to be useful in this small group of patients.
T91215 261368-261379 Sentence denotes Background:
T29632 261380-261458 Sentence denotes Observation and feedback is a core strategy for hand hygiene (HH) improvement.
T55007 261459-261534 Sentence denotes Direct overt observation is currently the most common method to monitor HH.
T22977 261535-261630 Sentence denotes Observation bias, also known as the Hawthorne effect, was one major disadvantage of the method.
T29072 261631-261782 Sentence denotes Although the magnitude of the Hawthorne effect has been described in several studies, subgroup analysis of the Hawthorne effect has not been clear yet.
T37615 261783-261791 Sentence denotes Methods:
T61025 261792-261884 Sentence denotes A case-control study was conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital during a 15-month period.
T82452 261885-262034 Sentence denotes The HH overt observation results were matched for category, department, observation time and location with those observed covertly at a ratio of 1:1.
T58934 262035-262119 Sentence denotes The matched pairs were then analyzed for the Hawthorne effect by different variable.
T4545 262120-262128 Sentence denotes Results:
T88588 262129-262260 Sentence denotes Among the study period, a total of 31,522 HH opportunities were observed (4581 by overt observation, 26,941 by covert observation).
T42804 262261-262323 Sentence denotes There were 3047 matched pairs after 1:1 case control matching.
T36086 262324-262453 Sentence denotes The overall HH compliance by overt and covert observation was 78.2% and 54.6%, respectively (the overall Hawthorne effect 23.6%).
T62799 262454-262656 Sentence denotes The Hawthorne effect in nurses (30.0%) was almost three times as large as that in physicians (10.5%), and tended to be more obvious in outpatient clinic (40.6%) than in the intensive care units (11.4%).
T40461 262657-262894 Sentence denotes Further analysis revealed the Hawthorne effect was significantly different between by categories of healthcare workers and observation location (p value both <0.001), but not different by department, observation time, and HH indications.
T36720 262895-262906 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T35841 262907-263028 Sentence denotes The heterogenicity of the Hawthorne effect in hand hygiene may influence the interpretation of overt observation results.
T75377 263029-263143 Sentence denotes We suggest covert observation be performed at least once in health facilities in which HH observation are routine.
T60943 263144-263258 Sentence denotes Realizing the heterogenicity of the Hawthorne effect may help identify target population with lower HH compliance.
T47719 263259-263454 Sentence denotes A project to improve rates of correct Hand Hygiene among healthcare workers in intermediate care nursery Chia-Ying Wu*, Liang Ling Ling, Shu-Ting Chang, Sheng-Fen Hung, Shu-Ling Chen, Mi-Hua Lee.
T99095 263455-263506 Sentence denotes Yung Kung Campus Chi-Mei Medical Center Background:
T6333 263507-263556 Sentence denotes Since 2009, the WHO has launched the "Save Lives:
T76599 263557-263941 Sentence denotes Clean Your Hands" campaign promoting the provision and use of alcoholic hand sanitizer in patient care areas to enhance accessibility of hand hygiene facilities and developed guidelines, including "Five Moments for Hand Hygiene," aiming for minimal complexity of the process and time spent on hand hygiene to ensure maximum protection and embed hand hygiene into an integral practice.
T21915 263942-264229 Sentence denotes To promote hand hygiene in hospitals, the CDC of the Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare established hand hygiene model centers and implemented a hand hygiene accreditation program from 2010 to 2011, in an effort to improve hand hygiene behavior and practices among healthcare workers.
T63514 264230-264238 Sentence denotes Methods:
T75706 264239-264338 Sentence denotes A quality improvement project was conducted and the fishbone diagram was used to identify problems.
T95785 264339-264607 Sentence denotes The main problems identified to such as lack of awareness and knowledge regarding hand hygiene timing, the boundaries between patient care and non-patient care areas are not well-defined, steps for hand hygiene are not performed properly… and other seven major issues.
T48128 264608-264716 Sentence denotes Improvement in educational and training, evaluation and feedback, and systematic strategies was implemented.
T40178 264717-265330 Sentence denotes In-ward medication dispensing procedure was changed to distinct patient care and non-patient care areas, the importance of hand hygiene was promoted to health-care workers at ward or division meetings, standard hand-washing was repeatedly demonstrated by hand hygiene auditors to reinforce hand hygiene compliance, and crossaudits were conducted by infection control link nurses/hand hygiene representatives on a monthly basis to assess compliance of Five Moments for Hand Hygiene and Seven Steps of Hand Washing in the Intermediate Care Nursery, with provision of feedback to the teams for continual improvement.
T20151 265331-265532 Sentence denotes In addition to increasing the number and locations of hand sanitizer placement, all mouse pads were replaced with the ones printed with hand washing diagram to strengthen memories and foster retention.
T82369 265533-265541 Sentence denotes Results:
T32965 265542-265711 Sentence denotes After implementation of the project, rates of correct hand hygiene improved from 81% to 100% for eight consecutive months and the compliance rates rose from 91% to 100%.
T8912 265712-265723 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T70623 265724-265895 Sentence denotes Interventions and approaches used in the project successful improved correct hand hygiene and hand hygiene compliance rates, both achieving 100%, for 8 consecutive months.
T6734 265896-266107 Sentence denotes We hope that this model can be extended to other pediatric units to enhance the quality of care, reduce healthcare resource consumption and social costs, and ensure the safety of patients and healthcare workers.
T31153 266108-266191 Sentence denotes A data review of staffs' hand hygiene compliance in a local hospital Tsao Ya Ching.
T8466 266192-266230 Sentence denotes Longtan Min-Sheng Hospital Background:
T4634 266231-266323 Sentence denotes Since past decades, hand hygiene in infection control prevention has been proof by research.
T26994 266324-266443 Sentence denotes It is one of the most effective methods in decreased healthcare associated infection transmission among patients' care.
T4091 266444-266537 Sentence denotes Therefore, the attitudes of healthcare staffs and hospital workers perform an essential role.
T40330 266538-266680 Sentence denotes The purpose of the survey was to discover the relationship between hand hygiene compliance and attitudes of the employees in a local hospital.
T65338 266681-266729 Sentence denotes 41% staffs of it have been worked over 10 years.
T63140 266730-266837 Sentence denotes The yearly average rate of its hand hygiene compliance was decreased from 77% to 71% between 2015 and 2016.
T26167 266838-266846 Sentence denotes Methods:
T61727 266847-266899 Sentence denotes The study was conducted by means of a questionnaire.
T26649 266900-266951 Sentence denotes It divided into three sections within 26 questions.
T31137 266952-267043 Sentence denotes The first section was dealt with personal background and hand hygiene training experiences.
T43783 267044-267137 Sentence denotes The second part of the questionnaire was concerned with hand hygiene knowledge and attitudes.
T28887 267138-267194 Sentence denotes The third section was related to hand hygiene behaviors.
T54505 267195-267260 Sentence denotes Questionnaires were given to the staffs in two different periods:
T2473 267261-267295 Sentence denotes September 2015 and September 2016.
T14704 267296-267387 Sentence denotes 73% of staffs in the hospital were submitted their questionnaires during these two periods.
T70293 267388-267468 Sentence denotes Hand hygiene surveillances also applied before and after the surveys submission.
T78232 267469-267477 Sentence denotes Results:
T37449 267478-267505 Sentence denotes 251 surveys were collected.
T53022 267506-267576 Sentence denotes 93% of participant explained they had been to a hand hygiene training.
T51862 267577-267635 Sentence denotes 99% of questionnaires followed 5 moments for hand hygiene.
T46581 267636-267702 Sentence denotes It showed significantly higher than the handwashing surveillances.
T44910 267703-267790 Sentence denotes Indeed, only 73% staffs washed hands in hand hygiene 5 moments during the observations.
T45648 267791-267929 Sentence denotes In the second section of questionnaire discovered, 86% staffs had positive attitudes toward hand hygiene and infection control prevention.
T30090 267930-268049 Sentence denotes By contrast to hand hygiene compliances, just 67% staffs completed hand washing process while they provided healthcare.
T26229 268050-268133 Sentence denotes Moreover, 34% interviewers answered they wore dual gloves when they cared patients.
T55607 268134-268243 Sentence denotes From these interviewers, the results found out they only changed gloves by handwashing opportunities as well.
T93823 268244-268255 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T89381 268256-268386 Sentence denotes This study investigated, most staffs knew hand hygiene is one of the effective and easy methods for infection control preventions.
T59922 268387-268431 Sentence denotes Virtually, they are difficult to perform it.
T32241 268432-268485 Sentence denotes They even wore gloves to replace handwashing moments.
T69435 268486-268573 Sentence denotes However, a regularly hand hygiene training and handwashing audit programs are required.
T19457 268574-268668 Sentence denotes The investigation of clusters of diarrhea in the staffs Hui-ju Hu, Meng-Chuan Lu, Hsiu-Wen Yu.
T72626 268669-268725 Sentence denotes Infection Control Unit, Cheng Ching Hospital Background:
T40614 268726-268804 Sentence denotes There were twenty staffs attending a staff trip to Yilan on 6-7 January, 2016.
T34762 268805-268880 Sentence denotes The symptoms of vomiting or diarrhea were found continually in some staffs.
T63209 268881-268989 Sentence denotes The clusters of diarrhea were assumed and we reported to the Department of Health, Taichung City Government.
T77704 268990-269119 Sentence denotes The investigation and samples collection were implemented soon and we also educated the staff to keep caution to avoid spreading.
T88551 269120-269128 Sentence denotes Methods:
T35147 269129-269207 Sentence denotes There were twenty staffs attending a staff trip to Yilan on 6-7 January, 2016.
T719 269208-269300 Sentence denotes They had lunch on the second day at a seafood restaurant in Gonglian and sashimi was served.
T83561 269301-269380 Sentence denotes There were three staffs suffered from vomiting and diarrhes on 8 January, 2016.
T73685 269381-269500 Sentence denotes We reported to our trade union of welfare, and the Department of Health, Taichuny City Government as diarrhea clusters.
T12405 269501-269636 Sentence denotes There were eleven staffs suffered from gastrointestinal symptoms and one staff even resulted in hospitalization until 14 January, 2016.
T65172 269637-269789 Sentence denotes All the eleven staff received examination of stool bacterial culture and three stool samples were sent to the laboratory of Centers for Disease Control.
T97504 269790-270187 Sentence denotes Our implementing measures are as followings: (1) Educate the staff with symptoms should keep aerosol and contact isolation, rest at home. (2) The other staff who took care of these patients should wear masks and keep hand hygiene. (3) The environment that the patients worked should enhance cleansing. (4) Watch out for the possible symptoms of infection and informed infection control department.
T89287 270188-270196 Sentence denotes Results:
T84467 270197-270250 Sentence denotes All three stool samples revealed Norovirus infection.
T20706 270251-270262 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T69495 270263-270348 Sentence denotes Norovirusis a very contagious virus, it can live in stool or vomitus for a long time.
T44503 270349-270524 Sentence denotes The virus is transmitted by fecally contaminated food or water, by person-to-person contact, and via aerosoli zation of vomited virus and subsequent contamination of surfaces.
T84972 270525-270711 Sentence denotes Norovirus is rapidly in activated by either sufficient heating or by chlorine-based disinfectants and polyquaternary amines, but the virus is less susceptible to alcohols and detergents.
T68081 270712-270779 Sentence denotes Early implementation is helpful and important to prevent spreading.
T53543 270780-270884 Sentence denotes We hoped to share this special experience to prevent possible clusters and save the resources and costs.
T46421 270885-270998 Sentence denotes Outcomes of implementing infection control strategies in a psychiatric unit Ching-Feng Huang 1 , Shiu-Feng Lu 2 .
T57355 270999-271211 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Chang Gung University of Science and Technology at Chiayi Campus Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, 2 Department of Nursing Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
T31921 271212-271223 Sentence denotes Background:
T91521 271224-271328 Sentence denotes A psychiatric unit is usually closed space; there are many interactions among patients and their family.
T24882 271329-271381 Sentence denotes The chance of cross and cluster infection is higher.
T83132 271382-271517 Sentence denotes Infection control strategies are implemented to prevent cross and cluster infection among patients, visitors, and health professionals.
T84556 271518-271526 Sentence denotes Methods:
T39842 271527-271595 Sentence denotes The infection control strategies were conducted in the year of 2016.
T79928 271596-271662 Sentence denotes The strategies include four aspects. (1) Patient and their family:
T30802 271663-271794 Sentence denotes The poster was posted to remind individuals suffering from fever, cough, and cold should wear a mask, or educate them not to visit.
T40824 271795-271929 Sentence denotes The knowledge of hand hygiene and mask was promoted through patient group education session monthly and family forums every two month.
T43433 271930-272001 Sentence denotes Chest X-ray was performed for each inpatient. (2) Health professionals:
T21451 272002-272127 Sentence denotes The staff should take three-hour lessons to strengthen his or her knowledge regarding infection control and reporting system.
T7684 272128-272228 Sentence denotes The unit audited staff's compliance with hand washing to reinforce practice and develop good habits.
T54785 272229-272274 Sentence denotes Each staff checked own body temperature (BT).
T7517 272275-272339 Sentence denotes The staff should be arranged off if his or her BT is above 37.5.
T85752 272340-272392 Sentence denotes The staff could on duty after no fever for 24 hours.
T25634 272393-272512 Sentence denotes The unit also evaluated the infection signs and symptoms of inpatients who were implemented an intrusive cauterization.
T68942 272513-272575 Sentence denotes Validity period of all healthcare products should be examined.
T72990 272576-272727 Sentence denotes Staff should take at least one-hour lesson of needlestick and sharps injuries prevention yearly; new staff should complete this course in three months.
T60352 272728-272870 Sentence denotes One registered nurse (RN) was assigned to be responsible for infection control; another acted as an infection control consultation liaison RN.
T71293 272871-272987 Sentence denotes They were responsible for monitoring safety use of healthcare products and reporting suspected cases. (3) Equipment:
T81057 272988-273032 Sentence denotes Hand sanitizer was provided at fixed places.
T5897 273033-273095 Sentence denotes The gate of the unit was equipped a vending machine for masks.
T17823 273096-273217 Sentence denotes If there was diarrhea or vomiting, it is important to strengthen environment clean and disinfection. (4) Suspected cases:
T80820 273218-273315 Sentence denotes The suspected patients should be held on isolated rooms in order to decrease contact with others.
T1351 273316-273376 Sentence denotes Related library tests or examinations should be followed up.
T87552 273377-273379 Sentence denotes 1.
T65370 273380-273445 Sentence denotes Patients and visitors can compliance with hand hygiene and masks.
T43089 273446-273502 Sentence denotes There was no reported cluster infection in year of 2016.
T22252 273503-273564 Sentence denotes The rate of completing chest X-ray examination was above 95%.
T96946 273565-273567 Sentence denotes 2.
T14964 273568-273639 Sentence denotes The rate of compliance with hand hygiene correctly among staff is 100%.
T55437 273640-273651 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T60437 273652-273798 Sentence denotes It is effective to decrease and prevent cross infection by promote infection control strategies for patients, visitors, and health care providers.
T20382 273799-273838 Sentence denotes It further enhances healthcare quality.
T15738 273839-274055 Sentence denotes The effectiveness of environmental cleansing to improve infection control of upper respiratory infection in a psychiatric center Yu-Ping Liu 1 , Shiun-Yin Jeng 1 , Huei-Lan Lu 1 , Tso-Jen Wang 1 , Chung-Shin Liao 2 .
T40367 274056-274117 Sentence denotes 1 Jianan Psychiatric Center, 2 Chang Hua hospital Background:
T71606 274118-274683 Sentence denotes Environmental cleansing was a key point in the prevention of medical care, psychiatric patients generally had poor personal hygiene and habits, therefore while infectious disease occurred, indirect easy to make the environment contaminated by bacteria, when cleaning staff cannot effectively clean the disinfection environment, and contact with the patient with a infectious disease, would increase the medical care-related infections, in order to put an end to the breeding of infectious diseases, environmental cleansing to improve intervention is very important.
T23358 274684-274692 Sentence denotes Methods:
T93755 274693-274848 Sentence denotes Retrospective monitoring data found that the average upper respiratory tract infection rates were 2.5‰, 1.9‰ and 2.8‰ in a psychiatric center in 2013-2015.
T80191 274849-275112 Sentence denotes A investigating of the cleaners' cleanliness status in acute and rehabilitation ward in 2016, the result showed that the cleaner was not familiar with the process of cleaning, the bleach concentration is not correct, the cleaning equipment is not used separately.
T89523 275113-275830 Sentence denotes Environment cleaning intervention was provided for improving, the content included: (1) Education and training: through the video, to strengthen the priority of the clean process, from clean area to the contaminated area, the correct bleach concentration of the way and reply to the effectiveness of teaching acceptance. (2) The provisions of unified cleaning appliances: measuring cups, bucket clearly marked. (3) Clean appliances management: planning area and mop to the red tape clearly identified to use the division of cloth wiping. (4) Conducting internal and external audits: audit by the ward staffs and infection control division to understand the cleanliness and implementation of the cleaners' environment.
T63734 275831-275839 Sentence denotes Results:
T7556 275840-276170 Sentence denotes After the improvement of environmental cleanliness, the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection from 2.8‰ down to 2.24‰, cleaning staff also expressed that through the in-service education, unified cleaning appliances and management, can more clearly implement the environmental clean disinfection of the operating process.
T85246 276171-276182 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T53163 276183-276539 Sentence denotes Environmental improvement can effectively reduce the upper respiratory infection, the in-service education will be included in the cleaning staff in future, to develop cleaners on the environment clean operation process familiarity, and continue to audit the implementation of the situation in order to maintain the best hospital environment clean quality.
T60493 276540-276727 Sentence denotes Pseudo-outbreak of nontuberculous mycobacterium infection caused by bronchoscope contamination Yi-Chuan Chen 1 , Ting-Ying Chung 1 , Chun-Sui Lin 1 , Mao-Cheng Ge 1,2 , Ting-Shu Wu 1,3 *.
T7831 276728-276760 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Committee, 2
T64955 276762-276773 Sentence denotes Background:
T92529 276774-276909 Sentence denotes The growth rate of non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) from bronchial wash specimen reached 9 cases/month (infection control threshold:
T54599 276910-277031 Sentence denotes 6 cases/month) was reported by the microbiology laboratory in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou branch, in March 2017.
T35008 277032-277077 Sentence denotes Five out of 9 cases were M. chelonae complex.
T79515 277078-277086 Sentence denotes Methods:
T47993 277087-277334 Sentence denotes Infection Control Committee investigated the outbreak by enhancing hand-washing in the bronchoscope room, performing culture of individual bronchoscopes and the surfaces, filtered water, cleaning chemicals and tubing of automatic washing machines.
T89074 277335-277343 Sentence denotes Results:
T42969 277344-277405 Sentence denotes There was no growth of NTM from culture of the bronchoscopes.
T73806 277406-277493 Sentence denotes After the investigation, handwashing compliance of the bronchoscope staff reached 100%.
T16943 277494-277694 Sentence denotes All specimen (N = 4) from the filtered water of 3 automatic washing machines and tap water culture showed growth of NTM, however, the strain was different from the outbreak M. chelonae complex strain.
T84792 277695-277813 Sentence denotes After re-sterilizing all tubing system and staff re-education, there was no more NTM outbreak in the following months.
T79435 277814-277825 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T13580 277826-277969 Sentence denotes Threshold monitoring and alertness from microbiology laboratory and clinical staff are important measures in infection control in the hospital.
T25825 277970-278155 Sentence denotes The vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) case study and disposal experience of intensive care unit in a regional hospital Chun-Feng Chiu 1,2 , Min-Han Hsieh 1,3 , Tun-Chieh Chen 1,3 .
T69688 278156-278167 Sentence denotes Background:
T12100 278168-278324 Sentence denotes In a regional hospital in southern Taiwan, vancomycin-resistant entorococci (VRE) was isolated from four patients in intensive care unit (ICU) in one month.
T25289 278325-278399 Sentence denotes The sites where VER was isolated were bloodstream, urine, pus and ascites.
T50410 278400-278473 Sentence denotes One of the four patients was healthcare-associated bloodstream infection.
T50856 278474-278573 Sentence denotes This study was intended to analysis the possible cause of VRE transmission and to prevent outbreak.
T68580 278574-278633 Sentence denotes All of the four patients were at the risk of VRE infection.
T62758 278634-278766 Sentence denotes About the hand hygiene in medical staff, the mean compliance rate was 70% in previous 3 months, which is lower than the stander 80%.
T78987 278767-278868 Sentence denotes In this ICU, there's no audit for the terminal cleaning of the ward when patient transferred to ward.
T16897 278869-279084 Sentence denotes Therefore, once culture result of multidrugresistant organism (MDRO) was obtained after patient transferred out of ICU, the ward can't accomplish the terminal cleaning according to the standard of MDRO-exposed ward.
T30922 279085-279093 Sentence denotes Methods:
T53533 279094-279236 Sentence denotes First, patients from whom VRE was isolated were placed in single ward for isolation and selected cleaning tools were exclusively to this ward.
T21972 279237-279297 Sentence denotes Second, hand hygiene of medical staff was regular monitored.
T15762 279298-279376 Sentence denotes The goals of accuracy rate and compliance rate were 90% and 85%, respectively.
T23657 279377-279439 Sentence denotes Third, take preventive segregation measures and regular check.
T34262 279440-279506 Sentence denotes Fourth, the terminal cleaning of the ward was regularly monitored.
T31690 279507-279585 Sentence denotes Fifth, the education of appropriate antibiotic use was held for medical staff.
T71950 279586-279594 Sentence denotes Results:
T88685 279595-279680 Sentence denotes The results of following six months after these measurements included the followings.
T96537 279681-279714 Sentence denotes No more VRE isolated in this ICU.
T27890 279715-279826 Sentence denotes The mean accuracy rate and compliance rate of hand hygiene in medical staff were 92.8% and 88.3%, respectively.
T16727 279827-279883 Sentence denotes The mean rate of monitoring terminal cleaning was 96.7%.
T32250 279884-279895 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T62550 279896-280029 Sentence denotes With the increasing use of antibiotics, the vancomycin-resistant in enterococci was kept increasing in ICU in Taiwan region hospital.
T12946 280030-280170 Sentence denotes In this study, all four isolates of VRE were from different site and the antibiogram was also different, which means outbreak is not likely.
T61438 280171-280373 Sentence denotes During the investigation and intervention measurements, we found that reduction of healthcare associated infection can be achieved by improvement of hand hygiene and making sure of environment cleaning.
T56355 280374-280540 Sentence denotes Outbreak investigation of influenza at pediatric intensive care unit of a medical center in southern Taiwan Shu-Ching Hsu 1 , Iig-Ling Chen 1 , Hung-Jen Tang 1,2,3 *.
T70163 280541-280552 Sentence denotes Background:
T73464 280553-280826 Sentence denotes A total of 16 medical staff had symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, including 12 nurses, 3 physicians and 1 nursing caregiver, who were diagnosed with a group of pandemics in a pediatric intensive care unit of a medical center in southern Taiwan in mid-May 2015.
T19740 280827-280981 Sentence denotes A type of influenza confirmed a total of 8 (50%) symptoms, including fever (≧38°C) 7 (43.8%), cough 14 (87.5%), sore throat 14 (87.5%) and other symptoms.
T99210 280982-281093 Sentence denotes Which involved in the relevant infection control measures, making the influenza group sudden effective control.
T216 281094-281102 Sentence denotes Methods:
T65248 281103-281226 Sentence denotes The hospital for the southern Taiwan 1273 bed of medical center, pediatric intensive care unit a total of 34 medical staff.
T81086 281227-281392 Sentence denotes Received units in charge of the notification unit recently staff have fever, upper respiratory tract and other symptoms, and the rapid diagnosis of influenza A type.
T63133 281393-281437 Sentence denotes The investigation interval from 5/18 to 6/5.
T3350 281438-281623 Sentence denotes In order to avoid the expansion of the incident, the Infection control division visited the site and discussed with the unit supervisor, and initially judged the A-type influenza group.
T8820 281624-281900 Sentence denotes In order to avoid the event, The incident was conducted to describe, analyze and review the epidemiological changes in the course of treatment, the control measures for segregation infection, and the influenza vaccination of the staff, and actively informed the health bureau.
T42700 281901-281909 Sentence denotes Results:
T80651 281910-282246 Sentence denotes Through the intervention investigation, the daily monitoring of the epidemic and return to the Health Bureau, a comprehensive staff health monitoring log, and the implementation of measures, including strengthening the environment disinfection, unnecessary time should be fully wear masks, strengthen the implementation of hand hygiene.
T29439 282247-282345 Sentence denotes After the relevant intervention measures, this influenza cluster event was effectively controlled.
T48923 282346-282357 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T56541 282358-282496 Sentence denotes Medical personnel when there is a history of exposure to influenza respiratory symptoms should seek medical diagnosis and early treatment.
T35341 282497-282563 Sentence denotes Personnel should implement abnormal body temperature notification.
T31532 282564-282830 Sentence denotes In order to provide a safe medical environment, the Infection control division by monitoring temperature feedback system and daily active surveillance, as soon as possible to find the ward and unit influenza abnormal cluster events and early control of the epidemic.
T67280 282831-283009 Sentence denotes The efficacy of infection control courses for caregivers at a hospital in southern Taiwan Hsiuo Kuo 1,2 *, Huiwen Sung 1,2 , Tepei Tang 1,3 , Chelung Su 1,3 , Shufeng Chang 1,3 .
T31067 283010-283127 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Committee, 2 Department of Nursing, 3 Department of Medicine, Mingjong Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
T21349 283128-283139 Sentence denotes Background:
T81655 283140-283256 Sentence denotes The study is to discuss education and training to promote the efficacy of caregivers' infection control recognition.
T51175 283257-283265 Sentence denotes Methods:
T73780 283266-283388 Sentence denotes Thirteen caregivers at a southern hospital were studied to use "infection control recognition evaluation chart" as a tool.
T74356 283389-283464 Sentence denotes Tests were performed two weeks before and after the education and training.
T91978 283465-283473 Sentence denotes Results:
T82853 283474-283538 Sentence denotes At this study, the average work year of these caregivers is 6.6.
T31752 283539-283695 Sentence denotes The nationalities are 7 Taiwaneses (53.9%) and 6 Vietnameses (46.2%) 38.5% of them felt by themselves the related knowledge of infection control inadequate.
T73752 283696-283786 Sentence denotes The general recognition of infection control progressed to reach 9.5% (238/25) (Table 1) .
T92701 283787-283798 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T83868 283799-283953 Sentence denotes The intervention of education and training could promote a caregiver's infection control recognition and protect the safety of a patients hospitalization.
T43042 283954-284189 Sentence denotes An investigation regarding a tuberculosis cluster happened in intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in eastern Taiwan Yun-cheng Wang 1 , Xin-yi Zheng 2 , Hui-Li Jiang 1 , Lih-Shinn Wang 3 , Hsiu-tzy chiang 4 , Soon-Hian Teh 1,3 *.
T8319 284190-284255 Sentence denotes To reduce this high rate of CLABSI an action plan was worked out:
T23324 284256-284258 Sentence denotes 1.
T39031 284259-284309 Sentence denotes Intensive training session of the nursing staff 2.
T78727 284310-284383 Sentence denotes Implementation of the Clear MicroClave, a needle free connector system 3.
T97673 284384-284616 Sentence denotes Implementation of a custom made closed IV system, with less risk of introducing infection in the system The whole process was intensively supported by the infection control department and the multi-professional vascular access team.
T26161 284617-284625 Sentence denotes Results:
T19433 284626-284807 Sentence denotes These actions resulted in a dramatic decrease in CLABSI, from 7.6/1000 tunneled catheter days to 0 at the end of 2015, and from 5.74/1000 port catheter days to 0 at the end of 2015.
T59940 284808-284819 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T75725 284820-285023 Sentence denotes Intensive staff training, introduction of a new IV prepared system and the introduction of a needle free system resulted in a dramatic fall of central line infections on a pediatric hemato-oncology ward.
T27283 285024-285190 Sentence denotes Applying system-oriented event analysis model to the safety of center catheter care systems Lin Shi-Hua 1 , Chuang Sheu-Wen 2 , Hsueh Kuei-hsia 1 , Chen Han-Hsing 1 .
T5744 285191-285281 Sentence denotes 1 Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2 Taipei Medical University Background:
T10713 285282-285344 Sentence denotes At 1990 Institute of Medicine (IOM) proposed "To Err is Human:
T8773 285345-285479 Sentence denotes Building a Safer Health System," the construction of safe sanitation systems have become a modern medical industry objectives pursued.
T21981 285480-285594 Sentence denotes Central line (CL) bundles to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are widely promoted.
T89954 285595-285754 Sentence denotes However, in 2010 the studies also a policy for the CL bundle is often present but frequently not well implemented by National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN).
T89137 285755-285899 Sentence denotes Therefore, understanding the center catheter care systems during the depth of the interaction cross relationship becomes a very important issue.
T17365 285900-286017 Sentence denotes In addition, in recent years, to develop resilience engineering bringing new opportunities to enhance patient safety.
T46754 286018-286165 Sentence denotes Therefore, the study Applying System-Oriented Event Analysis Model (SOEA) and resilience engineering to the safety of center catheter care systems.
T82414 286166-286174 Sentence denotes Methods:
T73821 286175-286268 Sentence denotes Used SOEA and qualitative research interviews in an Intensive Care Unit of regional hospital.
T81284 286269-286277 Sentence denotes Results:
T89277 286278-286489 Sentence denotes The study found the goals of central catheter care systems to save patients live and control the CLABSI, in system-wide, there are three important sub-systems of working system functions to achieve system goals.
T77701 286490-286579 Sentence denotes Use SOEA, we found that there are 9 kinds of hazards in the central catheter care system.
T93467 286580-286721 Sentence denotes However, sampling a total of 15 cases of exposure to hazard among those in January 1, 2015 to March 31, 2015, only 3 cases to get the CLABSI.
T78573 286722-287005 Sentence denotes In view of this situation, interview doctors and nurses, found that in the same system hazers caused by the various states, have the same or different reaction practices to maintain their system and can implement functions continue to work, and may reduce the risk of patient injury.
T35562 287006-287438 Sentence denotes In the other hand, the SOEA can clarify the relationship between the various elements of central catheter care systems, combined with resilience engineering to understand HealthCare worker that how to respond the system in daily hazards, and under the anticipated and unanticipated occurrence of various adaptively adjust its central catheter combined practices, rather than blindly follow, and to maintain patient safety practices.
T81080 287439-287450 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T53775 287451-287653 Sentence denotes Applying SOEA in addition to the ability to the structure of the system can complete presentation, including relevance of the system, orderly, purposeful, providing system improve important information.
T13910 287654-287904 Sentence denotes SOEA analysis of the resilience of the system, allowing the HealthCare worker to understand the occurrence and learning control method reaction only after full cognitive system structure in order to achieve the goal to Building a Safer Health System.
T64859 287905-288132 Sentence denotes Staffs' cognition, attitude and behavior for central venous catheter bundle care program in medical intensive care units of a medical center in southern Taiwan Wan-Ching Wu 1 , Po-Lin Chen 2 , Wen-Chien Ko 1 , Nai-Ying Ko 1,3 .
T21836 288133-288144 Sentence denotes Background:
T10391 288145-288381 Sentence denotes To promote the quality of care for central venous catheters (CVCs) and reduce the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections, a CVC bundle intervenion program was implemented in the electronic health management system in 2012.
T37332 288382-288543 Sentence denotes In order to understand the staffs' cognition, attitude and behavior for CVC bundle care program, an investigation with questionnaire was underwent in July, 2016.
T76707 288544-288552 Sentence denotes Methods:
T53741 288553-288734 Sentence denotes The staff members, including doctos and nurses of 54bed medical intensive care units (ICUs), were invited to annyomously fill out the questionnaire for CVC bundle culture awareness.
T40618 288735-288908 Sentence denotes The itmes incldued in the study questionnaire were based on the Taiwan CDC guideline for CVC bundle care, which addressed the critical procedures for CVC placement and care.
T34258 288909-289042 Sentence denotes The study was ethically approved by The Institutional Review Borad of National Cheng Kung University Hospital (IRB no.: B-ER-105-82).
T80186 289043-289051 Sentence denotes Results:
T21021 289052-289143 Sentence denotes A total of 138 members (128 nurses and 10 doctors) of medical ICUs participated this study.
T61967 289144-289200 Sentence denotes The average year of service of the nurses was 5.1 years.
T49320 289201-289544 Sentence denotes Most of the study subjects (123, 89.1%) admitted "catheter-related bloodstream infections is zero-tolerance." All of them agreed "the doctors should evaluate the necessity of catheter for patient every day." The majority (116, 84.1%) of the participants agreed that CVC must be removed within 48 h, if it was inserted in an emergent situation.
T56254 289545-289662 Sentence denotes In addition, a significant proportion (83, 60.1%) ever proposed removal of CVC catheters inserted in such situations.
T88270 289663-290036 Sentence denotes Major contributing factors for catheter-releated bloodstream infections recognized by our colleagues included critical patients who need multiple venous lines for treatment (n = 42), overt bleeding during the process of CVC placement, prolonged procedure time (n = 23), incomplete disinfection of CVC conector (n = 34), and patients with multiple chronic diseases (n = 30).
T48348 290037-290133 Sentence denotes However, 63.8% of the respondents conisdered that the bunde care would increase their work load.
T42277 290134-290259 Sentence denotes Most of the study subjects (108, 78.3%) admitted the bundle program would fail, if the practioners did not take it seriously.
T58149 290260-290271 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T53181 290272-290388 Sentence denotes All respondents recognized CVC bundle care program would reduce the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections.
T9861 290389-290501 Sentence denotes However, most of the practitioners worried that heavy workload would be an obstacle to practice the bundle care.
T11889 290502-290738 Sentence denotes Investigation of outbreak caused by Elizabethkingia meningoseptica at a respiratory care center in Taiwan Guan-Jhou Chen 1 , Ning Ting 2 , I-Chen Hung 2 , Jann-Tay Wang 1,2 , Wang-Huei Sheng 1,2 *, Yee-Chun Chen 1 , Shan-Chwen Chang 1 .
T13756 290739-290750 Sentence denotes Background:
T35074 290751-290874 Sentence denotes Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a ubiquitous pathogen that could be found in clinical environment and equipment surfaces.
T82100 290875-290989 Sentence denotes E. meningoseptica had the nature characteristics of resistant to various antimicrobial agents, such as carbapenem.
T19932 290990-291116 Sentence denotes Increasing frequency of human infection, especially from healthcare associated infections, had been reported in recent decade.
T60368 291117-291217 Sentence denotes However, efforts of infection control of outbreak caused by E. meningoseptica remains less reported.
T94201 291218-291226 Sentence denotes Methods:
T89046 291227-291375 Sentence denotes The Respiratory Care Center (RCC) at the National Taiwan University Hospital is a 15-bed unit which provides care for ventilator-dependent patients.
T59904 291376-291560 Sentence denotes During October 2016 to November 2016, 3 patients developed bacteremia due to E. meningoseptica during the stay at RCC, which was significantly higher comparing to background incidence.
T51151 291561-291631 Sentence denotes All three isolates had identical antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
T84469 291632-291796 Sentence denotes An environmental investigation and infection control measures of outbreak, such as strict hand hygiene, contact isolation and environmental cleaning were conducted.
T28130 291797-291994 Sentence denotes Molecular typing by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to investigate the relatedness of isolates and isolates with more than 90% of similarity were considered the same cluster.
T41255 291995-292003 Sentence denotes Results:
T42275 292004-292155 Sentence denotes In the investigation of outbreak, eight clinical isolates were cultured from six patients, including 6 isolates from blood and two isolate from sputum.
T66571 292156-292224 Sentence denotes Two additional isolates were cultured from the hospital environment.
T22011 292225-292340 Sentence denotes PFGE of the 10 isolates revealed three different clusters, including three, three and two isolates in each cluster.
T94462 292341-292463 Sentence denotes A blood isolate from one patient was identical to one of the isolates from the medical environment (Cluster 3, Figure 1 ).
T34826 292464-292641 Sentence denotes There was no linkage to the environmental isolates of the other two clusters indicate the possibility of cross transmission by healthcare personnel (Cluster 1 and 2, Figure 1 ).
T90286 292642-292747 Sentence denotes After use of strict cohort nursing, hand hygiene and environmental cleaning, the outbreak was controlled.
T52103 292748-292759 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T73352 292760-292864 Sentence denotes We reported the investigation of an E. meningoseptica outbreak at the RCC of a medical center in Taiwan.
T10895 292865-292986 Sentence denotes Our results demonstrate potential transmission of E. meningoseptica via medical environment and person-to-person contact.
T99147 292987-293096 Sentence denotes Vigorous infection control measures should be applied to prevent spreading of E. meningoseptica at hospitals.
T31283 293097-293241 Sentence denotes Implementation of care bundle to reduce the ventilatorassociated pneumonia Yu-Hsia Hen 1 , Ying-Chun Chen 1 , Hui-Mei Huang 2 , Zhi-Yuan Shi 1 .
T26093 293242-293353 Sentence denotes 1 Departments of Infection Control, 2 Nursing, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Background:
T58357 293354-293455 Sentence denotes According to previous studies, some 5% of hospitalized patients had healthcare-associated infections.
T61764 293456-293574 Sentence denotes Ninety percent of the healthcare-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit were ventilator-associated pneumonia.
T99530 293575-293734 Sentence denotes Compared with pneumonia which are not ventilator-associated, the risk of using ventilators gets six to twenty times higher than patients not using ventilators.
T61320 293735-293877 Sentence denotes Each ventilator-associated pneumonia was estimated to increase by 19.2 days of the length of hospital stay and US$5,335 of the cost in Taiwan.
T50213 293878-294047 Sentence denotes To prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia and improve the quality of medical care, we launched a campaign to promote the care bundle of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
T6687 294048-294056 Sentence denotes Methods:
T87862 294057-294182 Sentence denotes We implemented many strategies to promote the care bundle of ventilator-associated pneumonia from June 2015 to December 2016.
T9887 294183-294462 Sentence denotes The daily checklist was developed for five elements, including elevation of the head of the bed to at least 30 degrees, daily sedation vacation, daily assessment of readiness to extubation, mouth care with 0.2% chlorhexidine and emptying the water from the tubing of ventilators.
T98355 294463-294557 Sentence denotes Furthermore, we educated the healthcare workers and monitored the compliance with care bundle.
T41577 294558-294566 Sentence denotes Results:
T69009 294567-294781 Sentence denotes Compared to the data in 2015, after introducing the care bundle of ventilator-associated pneumonia in 2016, the infection rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia reduced from 2.31 to 0.86 per 1000 ventilator days.
T68506 294782-294871 Sentence denotes The utilization rates of ventilators decreased from 28.98 to 26.80 per 100 resident days.
T53582 294872-294933 Sentence denotes The compliance rate of care bundle increased from 80% to 95%.
T13038 294934-295060 Sentence denotes By the decrease of ventilator-associated pneumonia from 32 to 14 each year, we saved medical cost about US$ 100,000 each year.
T57783 295061-295072 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T38766 295073-295283 Sentence denotes There are many benefits to adopted care bundle, including improving the quality of medical care for the hospitals, avoiding suffering from infections for patients and reducing medical cost for social insurance.
T63866 295284-295485 Sentence denotes Outbreak of surgical site infections related to mastectomy with/ without reconstruction at a medical center Ju-Chun Lo 1 , Ying-Ying Chang 2 , Ya-Hui Huang 1 , Jann-Tay Wang 1,2 , Wang-Huei Sheng 1,2 .
T69204 295486-295669 Sentence denotes 1 Center for Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, 2 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Background:
T22470 295670-295835 Sentence denotes The National Healthcare Safety Network classifies breast operations as clean procedures with an expected cumulative incidence of 1%-2% surgical site infection (SSI).
T76130 295836-295920 Sentence denotes SSI will increase hospital days, mortality, medical costs and the workload of staff.
T39604 295921-296033 Sentence denotes The prevention of healthcare-associated infections have always been the important topic of medical institutions.
T95663 296034-296093 Sentence denotes The incidence of mastectomy-related SSI increased from Nov.
T86456 296094-296119 Sentence denotes 2016 at a medical center.
T4552 296120-296193 Sentence denotes An outbreak investigation and some relevant interventions were conducted.
T85281 296194-296202 Sentence denotes Methods:
T43879 296203-296310 Sentence denotes In recent four years, the incidence of mastectomyrelated SSI at the medical center ranges from 0.1 to 0.2%.
T42398 296311-296426 Sentence denotes An active surveillance by infection control nurse found that the SSI incidence increased since Aug., Sep., and Nov.
T25093 296427-296461 Sentence denotes 2016, and even went higher in Dec.
T5228 296462-296475 Sentence denotes 2016 and Jan.
T15485 296476-296481 Sentence denotes 2017.
T2274 296482-296515 Sentence denotes Outbreak was therefore suspected.
T44095 296516-296784 Sentence denotes In order to realize the cause for the unusually increased SSI, an outbreak investigation was conducted to analyze the probable factors, including staff's daily work, environment and equipment cleaning, the operation procedures, and post-operation wound care processes.
T89299 296785-296793 Sentence denotes Results:
T53271 296794-297193 Sentence denotes It was found that the concentration of antimicrobial detergent was not enough, the prophylactic antibiotics were not used properly, surgical hand preparation using alcohol-based handrub was not adequate, wound coverage when re-draping was also not proper, alcohol-based hand hygiene equipment was insufficient in the treatment room, and there was no standard procedure for tissue expander injection.
T28076 297194-297359 Sentence denotes After discussion with the operation team, we establish a new standard procedure of for tissue expander injection, and improve the hand hygiene and aseptic technique.
T42557 297360-297429 Sentence denotes The SSI incidence data was thereafter also feedback to the operators.
T69464 297430-297524 Sentence denotes After these interventions, the incidence of mastectomy-related SSI decreased since April 2017.
T95814 297525-297536 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T61444 297537-297637 Sentence denotes A timely implemented outbreak investigation and effective intervention can stop the outbreak of SSI.
T21614 297638-298141 Sentence denotes PS 164 10 years' experience in implementing VAP bundle in the medical intensive care unit of a regional hospital to reduce ventilatorassociated pneumonia incidence Chin-Te Lu 1 , Hui-Chen Kuan 2 , Chia-Chun Chi 2 , Liang-Wen Ding 3 . (1) readiness-to-wean assessment daily, (2) check endotracheal cuff pressure daily, (3) diary "sedation vacation" (4) hand hygiene, (5) oral care every 8 hours, (6) head-of-bed elevation above 30 degrees, (7) suctioning of both the oropharynx and the endotracheal tube.
T66366 298142-298280 Sentence denotes We correct the data including: compliance rate of VAP bundle, ICU stay days, rate of ventilator usage, case number of VAP cases, VAP rate.
T78999 298281-298437 Sentence denotes For analysis the effects of VAP bundle, we divide into 4 periods: (1) Pre-intervention period (2004) (2005) (2006) , (2) Intervention Period (2007) Results:
T78677 298438-298571 Sentence denotes The compliance rate of VAP bundle was 16.7% in the Preintervention period increasing to 80.0% after the implementation of first year.
T96756 298572-298748 Sentence denotes The ventilator usage rate decreased 10.3% after implanted VAP bundle, and ICU stay days decreased 1.96 days of each patient from Pre-intervention period to Confirmation Period.
T48691 298749-298920 Sentence denotes The VAP cases decreased from annual average of 8 cases before VAP bundle implementing to an average of 1.33 cases a year after VAP bundle implementing (decrease of 83.3%).
T7450 298921-299018 Sentence denotes The implementation of the VAP bundle during three years got a total reduction of 20 cases of VAP.
T70448 299019-299203 Sentence denotes A record of 20 month period of zero VAP case from March 2008 to October 2009 in Confirmation Period, and 37 months form January 2011 to January 2014 in Maintenance Period had achieved.
T81237 299204-299215 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T99370 299216-299350 Sentence denotes Our experience has shown that the implementation of VAP bundle, can be effective in reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia occurred.
T91600 299351-299504 Sentence denotes Upgrade bundle care to reduce the catheter-associated urinary tract infection rate Pai Mei Chao 1 , Mei Fang Liang 2 , Yu Chen Yang 2 , Pao Tsuan Kao 3 .
T18076 299505-299566 Sentence denotes Director of Nursing Department, 2 Infection Control Center, 3
T7572 299568-299579 Sentence denotes Background:
T49071 299580-299694 Sentence denotes According to literature review, urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infection site in many hospitals.
T67948 299695-299785 Sentence denotes UTI exists 30-40% of all health care associated infection (HAI), also one of common sites.
T79887 299786-299849 Sentence denotes Urinary catheter is utilized in about 15% to 20% of inpatients.
T6797 299850-299927 Sentence denotes Every more one day use of urinary catheter can increase UTI rate by 3% to 8%.
T21364 299928-300096 Sentence denotes During 2015-2016, in medical ward and intensive care unit, overall urinary catheter utilization rate is 27.1% to 28.3% resulting in UTI rate ranged from 0.83‰ to 0.72‰.
T5426 300097-300244 Sentence denotes In order to implement more complete and effective strategy for reducing UTI rate, we participate in Invasive Health Care Procedure Program in 2017.
T87218 300245-300390 Sentence denotes The previous strategy for prevention of UTI is not adequate, and we expect for reducing of UTI rate by implementation of current UTI bundle care.
T30307 300391-300399 Sentence denotes Methods:
T97678 300400-300469 Sentence denotes Since February 2017, we start to implement the strategy as following:
T22249 300470-300472 Sentence denotes 1.
T46038 300473-300627 Sentence denotes Educate all health care providers and selected special personnel, arrange small unit training for basic and new knowledge of urinary catheter application.
T54631 300628-300746 Sentence denotes The selected health care personnel are trained for application of urinary catheterization and skills of catheter care.
T98902 300747-300822 Sentence denotes Through this training course, they can share these skills to other members.
T63001 300823-300825 Sentence denotes 2.
T88849 300826-301065 Sentence denotes In order to promote the facility and procedure method, use the appropriate disposable urinary catheter package which can facilitate health care providers to apply and shorten the duration of catheterization, also reduce contamination rate.
T68768 301066-301419 Sentence denotes There is utilization of 2% chlorhexidine for disinfection, preconnection of urinary catheter and urine collecting bag, using sealed valve designed urine collection bag if urine specimen is necessary to be obtained which can avoid for damaging the closed circuit, wiping the catheter opening with alcohol based paper before and after collection of urine.
T34082 301420-301422 Sentence denotes 3.
T20620 301423-301686 Sentence denotes Warning for hand hygiene before and after contact with urinary catheter and urine bag by using small card attached to urine bag, and warning for catheter care by using picture in language of Chinese, English and Vietnam easily to be recognized by main care giver.
T59275 301687-301784 Sentence denotes Catheter placement checklist and daily care checklist are monitored for effective implementation.
T44535 301785-301793 Sentence denotes Results:
T2399 301794-301953 Sentence denotes Followed from February, 2017 to June, 2017, in medical ward and ICU, the utilization of urinary catheter rate is 28.4%, the catheter related UTI rate is 0.46‰.
T13800 301954-302111 Sentence denotes Although the utilization rate is not differed from previous rate, the UTI incidence is reduced significantly after implementation of current UTI bundle care.
T82154 302112-302230 Sentence denotes Because health care providers strictly follow the strategy in all aspects, the incidence of UTI reduced significantly.
T69097 302231-302365 Sentence denotes At the same time, nursing department adjust and standardize the urinary catheter placement procedure and urinary catheter care manual.
T18343 302366-302377 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T75509 302378-302533 Sentence denotes During this UTI bundle care strategy, reusable urinary catheter package is replaced by disposable urinary catheter package supported by hospital authority.
T44239 302534-302807 Sentence denotes All health care providers strengthen to implement all aspect of UTI bundle care, keep awareness of catheter care knowledge, keep proper disinfection before urinary catheterization, and assess daily for catheterization requirement, avoid unnecessary urinary catheterization.
T75136 302808-302874 Sentence denotes Therefore, catheter related UTI rate can be reduced significantly.
T84713 302875-303096 Sentence denotes The survey for the effectiveness of implementing VAP (Ventilator-associated Pneumonia) bundle in the ICU of a regional hospital in Taiwan Catheter utilization ratios and microbiological characteristics were also analyzed.
T22421 303097-303105 Sentence denotes Results:
T37408 303106-303332 Sentence denotes The incidence rates of both CLABSI and CRBSI decreased significantly from the baseline to the intervention periods (from 9.27 to 7.66 per 1000 CL-days, and from 1.51 to 0.89 per 1000 CLdays, respectively, with both p < 0.001).
T64166 303333-303560 Sentence denotes The yearly incidence rate decreased by up to 31% (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-0.81) for CLABSI and 59% (IRR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.26-0.65) for CRBSI since the initiation of the interventions.
T60589 303561-303662 Sentence denotes The incidence rate by quarter also showed a trend of decrease for both CLABSI and CRBSI ( Figure 1 ).
T69645 303663-303735 Sentence denotes The catheter utilization ratio decreased from 0.71 to 0.63 ( p < 0.001).
T65811 303736-303906 Sentence denotes Microbiological analysis showed that among all CLABSI isolates, the proportion of coagulase-negative staphylococci significantly decreased during the intervention period.
T99072 303907-303918 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T85756 303919-304080 Sentence denotes Implementing multimodal interventions focusing on CL bundle improvement was effective in reducing the incidence rates of CLABSI and CRBSI in Taiwan's adult ICUs.
T85094 304081-304321 Sentence denotes Effectiveness of insertion and maintenance bundles to prevent central-line-associated bloodstream infections in critically ill patients: experiences and challenges in a medical intensive care unit Ya-Wen Chang 1 *, Miao-Fang Tai Background:
T20037 304322-304524 Sentence denotes To determine the effectiveness of a care bundle, with a novel line maintenance procedure, in reducing the rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in the intensive care unit (ICU).
T25964 304525-304650 Sentence denotes We aimed to quantify the effectiveness of centralline bundles (insertion or maintenance or both) to prevent these infections.
T14266 304651-304659 Sentence denotes Methods:
T82823 304660-304785 Sentence denotes This was a prospective interventional quality improvement project aiming to decrease CLABSI in one adult intensive care unit.
T94226 304786-305071 Sentence denotes The intervention study was conducted over a period of 7 months. "Plan-Do-Study-Act" cycles, checklists for insertion and a standardized real-time ultrasound-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein was adopted to implement the central line insertion bundle in clinical practice.
T52910 305072-305171 Sentence denotes The compliance of health care staff with central venous catheter bundle elements was also measured.
T49855 305172-305513 Sentence denotes The implemented CLABSI prevention bundle that included: implementation of central-line insertion and maintenance bundles that proper hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, maximal barrier precautions and iodine alcohol skin preparation during line insertion, daily discussion of catheter necessity, and meticulous site and tubing care.
T73247 305514-305684 Sentence denotes The rate of CVC related infections during the intervention period (1 October 2016 to 30 April 2017) was compared with the average of the 6 months prior to implementation.
T87334 305685-305693 Sentence denotes Results:
T45765 305694-305777 Sentence denotes The rate of CLABSI decreased from 10.86 to 5.02 per 1000 catheter days ( p < 0.05).
T13786 305778-305910 Sentence denotes The length of ICU stay and catheter duration was associated with a higher risk of infection associated to these devices ( p < 0.05).
T46878 305911-306000 Sentence denotes Annulation of the internal jugular vein was achieved in all patients by using ultrasound.
T35822 306001-306115 Sentence denotes Average access time (skin to vein) and were significantly reduced in the ultrasound group of patients ( p < 0.05).
T89250 306116-306163 Sentence denotes The staff adherence to the bundle was over 95%.
T22449 306164-306175 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T98710 306176-306262 Sentence denotes Improving the reliability of the central line insertion bundle has reduced infections.
T67703 306263-306388 Sentence denotes Key steps in the process were setting clear aims and ensuring staff understand the change process and measurement of results.
T75868 306389-306459 Sentence denotes This is fundamental to the success of any quality improvement process.
T25611 306460-306729 Sentence denotes Using ATP bioluminescence technique to reduce surgical site infection in orthopaedic surgeriesthe clinical experience by a regional hospital Liang-YI Wu 1 , Yueh-Ying Hsieh 2 , Wen-Chuan Lin 1 , Ya-Fang Wang 1 , Hsiao-Yun Wen 3 , Yang-Hwei Tsuang 2 , Yong-Ching Lau 4 .
T71483 306730-306806 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Office, 2 Department of Orthopedics, 3 Operating Room, 4
T1871 306808-306819 Sentence denotes Background:
T74253 306820-307015 Sentence denotes The annual rate of surgical site infection associated with orthopedic operation in our hospital was 1.43‰ (25/17468) in 2015, which increased by 0.91‰ when compared with 0.52‰ (9/ 17128) in 2014.
T21722 307016-307322 Sentence denotes According to the investigation and analysis, it was found that part of the surgical instruments used during the implantation of prosthesis and implant were provided by the orthopedic implant suppliers who were also in charge of the cleaning and sterilization of the surgical instrument after the operation.
T22371 307323-307506 Sentence denotes After intense testing the passing rate of the adenosine triphosphate [ATP] bioluminescence assay test was only 38.5% (5/ 13) for the instruments from the orthopedic implant suppliers.
T96228 307507-307515 Sentence denotes Methods:
T60856 307516-307585 Sentence denotes The followings are the methods we used to improve the infection rate.
T35237 307586-307675 Sentence denotes 1st, develop the protocol for the use of Managing Rental Equipment in the Operation Room.
T12941 307676-307772 Sentence denotes 2nd, standardize the protocol for the process of surgical instrument cleaning and sterilization.
T24741 307773-307775 Sentence denotes 1.
T81754 307776-307938 Sentence denotes Develop the processing protocol of surgical instruments which includes: itemization, decontamination, soaking, cleaning, inspection, packaging, and sterilization.
T96394 307939-307941 Sentence denotes 2.
T16446 307942-308062 Sentence denotes Conduct the educational training program for the personnel who are responsible for equipment cleaning and sterilization.
T82165 308063-308065 Sentence denotes 3.
T33351 308066-308222 Sentence denotes Use of 3M™ Clean-Trace™ ATP Surface Test and 3M™ Clean-Trace™ NG Luminometer as the testing tools, and randomly test the operation equipment after cleaning.
T14044 308223-308464 Sentence denotes The passing value is <150RLU, and the passing rate was calculated as the number of qualified items divided by the total number of testing items (%), to make sure that the extent of cleanliness has reached our goal of effective sterilization.
T47055 308465-308473 Sentence denotes Results:
T44841 308474-308657 Sentence denotes The passing rate of ATP randomized testing was increased from 72.5% (50/13, 2015/01) to 72.9% (140/192, 2015/20-2015/12) and continued to increase to 92.8% (205/221, 2016/01-2016/12).
T8864 308658-308727 Sentence denotes The infection rate of SSI decreased from 1.43‰ (25/17468, 2014) to 1.
T65561 308728-308795 Sentence denotes 07‰ (20/18628, 2015) and kept improving to 0.82‰ (15/18203, 2016) .
T44515 308796-308807 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T65837 308808-309038 Sentence denotes This study used ATP bioluminescence assay as an objective and rapid tool to determine the environmental cleanliness and effectively demonstrated a decrease in the rate of surgical site infection caused by the surgical instruments.
T38764 309039-309115 Sentence denotes Therefore, we now include this protocol in our standard operating procedure.
T61824 309116-309348 Sentence denotes Creating an health environment by the implementation of bundle care for prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections at a medical center Hsin-Hsin Chang 1 , Jann-Tay Wang 1,2 , Yee-Chun Chen 1,2 , Wang-Huei Sheng 1,2 .
T54692 309349-309516 Sentence denotes 1 Center for Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, 2 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Background:
T71536 309517-309678 Sentence denotes According to the 2006-2016 Taiwan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System (TNIS), the most common HAI is catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs).
T99695 309679-309747 Sentence denotes CAUTIs result in significant morbidity, mortality, and medical cost.
T67944 309748-309848 Sentence denotes This prompted us to investigate the impact of infection control measures, such as CAUTI bundle care.
T16995 309849-309925 Sentence denotes Bundle care has been proven to effectively reduce CAUTI in many literatures.
T88473 309926-310014 Sentence denotes Well-structured infection control programs are imperative in order to the prevent CAUTI.
T87551 310015-310023 Sentence denotes Methods:
T15009 310024-310138 Sentence denotes Prospective surveillance was performed on all patients admitted to the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH).
T62921 310139-310309 Sentence denotes All patients developing healthcare-associated uninary tract infection (HAUTI), including CAUTI while their staying at NTUH during 2008 to 2016 were enrolled for analysis.
T68790 310310-310407 Sentence denotes A CAUTI bundle care was implemented in the entire hospital, particular focus on ICUs, since 2010.
T88752 310408-310519 Sentence denotes The bundle care emphasized 4C elements: clean practice, clean products, clean equipment, and clean environment.
T1115 310520-310863 Sentence denotes A comprehensive educational program including optimization of the catheterization process, demonstrating by teaching videos for learning purposes, clinical audit, Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) for nurses and interns, and competitions to test the operators' practical knowledge and skills was also conducted at the same time.
T46886 310864-310994 Sentence denotes A computer-based infection surveillance system and checklist was also developed to monitor the adherence to the CAUTI bundle care.
T64790 310995-311052 Sentence denotes The outcomes were analyzed on Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.
T58415 311053-311124 Sentence denotes A p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significantly.
T4583 311125-311133 Sentence denotes Results:
T42597 311134-311266 Sentence denotes During the study period, there were 6557,971 patient-days with a total of 9845 episodes of HAUTIs in the entire hospital identified.
T54587 311267-311309 Sentence denotes CAUTIs accounts for about 56.7% of HAUTIs.
T75369 311310-311423 Sentence denotes Among them, 1922 episodes of CAUTIs were assessed in 620,019 patientdays over 353,609 catheter-days in adult ICU.
T77387 311424-311643 Sentence denotes Comparing the incidence density of CAUTI in adult ICU patients before and after the implementation of bundle interventions, CAUTI incidence density remarkably decreased from 7.9 to 4.8 per 1000 patient-days ( p = 0.02).
T15118 311644-311815 Sentence denotes Foley utilization was seen significantly decreased, from 1148.5 catheter-days to 956.1 catheter-days ( p = 0.028) monthly between the pre-CAUTI and post-CAUTI bundle care.
T51066 311816-311937 Sentence denotes Conclusion: CAUTI incidence density decreased in response to the implementation of an effective bundle care intervention.
T68044 311938-312106 Sentence denotes Multidisciplinary teamwork, education, a comprehensive checklist and from time to time audit feedback to improve healthcare workers' compliance are the keys to success.
T47940 312107-312316 Sentence denotes Efficacy of daily bathing with 2% chlorhexidine for reducing healthcare-associated bloodstream infections in hematology patients Kuei-Lian Tien 1 *, Jann-Tay Wang 1,2 , Wang-Huei Sheng 1,2 , Chi-Tai Fang 2,3 .
T72557 312317-312566 Sentence denotes 1 Center for Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, 2 Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 3 Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University Background:
T73518 312567-312688 Sentence denotes Hematology patients undergoing immunocompromising cytotoxic chemotherapy are at risk for healthcareassociated infections.
T2497 312689-312772 Sentence denotes It remains unclear whether daily bathing with 2% chlorhexidine can reduce the risk.
T57911 312773-312981 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to compare the incidence of healthcare-associated bloodstream infection (HABSI) between patients using of 2% CHG daily bath and those using general antibacterial cleansers daily bath.
T14596 312982-312990 Sentence denotes Methods:
T44681 312991-313046 Sentence denotes This was a single-arm prospective interventional study.
T96887 313047-313168 Sentence denotes Patients admitted to two hematological units during the period from December 2015 to June 2016 were the study population.
T91720 313169-313241 Sentence denotes We recruited patients to receive 2% CHG daily bath (intervention group).
T46208 313242-313353 Sentence denotes Those who refused to participate were provided with general antibacterial cleansers daily bath (control group).
T31808 313354-313587 Sentence denotes The incidence rate of skin flora-related bloodstream infection (SKIN_BSI), central venous catheter (CVC)-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI_CVC), and HABSI of the intervention group were compared with that of the control group.
T57744 313588-313596 Sentence denotes Results:
T62686 313597-313712 Sentence denotes In total, 485 patients were enrolled as the intervention group, and the other 408 patients served as control group.
T80846 313713-314084 Sentence denotes Compared with the control group, the incidence rate of first SKIN_BSI was reduced by 65.5% (1.0 vs 2.9 per 1000 patient-day, p = 0.012), the incidence rate of first CLABSI_CVC was reduced by 61% (6.6 vs 16.9 per 1000 patient-day, P = 0.005) and the incidence rate of first HABSI was reduced by 34.2% (7.9 vs 12.0 per 1000 patientday, P = 0.042) in the intervention group.
T79550 314085-314392 Sentence denotes After adjusting for effects of confounding variables by logistic regression, the 2% CHG daily bath reduces the risk of first SKIN_BSI by 70% (adjusted OR = 0.3, P = 0.02), the risk of first CLABSI_CVC by 68% (adjusted OR = 0.32, P = 0.01), and the risk of first HABSI by 59% (adjusted OR = 0.41, P = 0.002).
T86361 314393-314570 Sentence denotes In contrast, the risk of gut-origin bacteremia, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae-related bloodstream infection, did not change (adjusted OR = 0.993, P = 0.99).
T90345 314571-314582 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T95754 314583-314708 Sentence denotes Daily bathing with 2% CHG is effective in reducing skin flora-related bloodstream infection and cathether-related bacteremia.
T37907 314709-314839 Sentence denotes We recommend routine adoption of this simple and low-cost intervention to reduce BSI among patients with hematological malignancy.
T77818 314840-315045 Sentence denotes Investigation of orthopedic arthroscopic surgery of Staphylococcus aureus infection outbreak Li Chen Chen 1 *, Tuzz Guang Young 1 , Wan Chen Lin 2 , Hui Chien Hung 3 , Hsiu Yu Peng 1 , Yuh Chyun Chiang 4 .
T6097 315046-315178 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Infection Control, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, 3 Department of Nursing, 4 Administration Office Background:
T68692 315179-315305 Sentence denotes October 2016 three patients underwent arthroscopic surgery have Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection in our hospital.
T10660 315306-315377 Sentence denotes We used Fisher's exact test and found there's significance ( p < 0.05).
T13124 315378-315521 Sentence denotes Infection control team immediately responded and investigated environmental survey, the relevant infection control measures was also initiated.
T94428 315522-315530 Sentence denotes Methods:
T24 315531-315644 Sentence denotes In our hospital, orthopedic department has a total of 35 patients underwent arthroscopic surgery in October 2016.
T54172 315645-315737 Sentence denotes Infection control nurses reviewed daily bacteriologic reports and medical records routinely.
T46702 315738-315920 Sentence denotes We have surveyed doctor and nurses with total of seven nasal swabs and hand specimens before and after hand scrub to identify the source of pathogen, including carrier and colonizer.
T95440 315921-316091 Sentence denotes All the pathogen specimen will compare with RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic DNA) to reconstruct ribonucleic acid and to distinguish whether the strains were identical.
T46311 316092-316100 Sentence denotes Results:
T26036 316101-316170 Sentence denotes We found all 3 infected patients received their surgery on October 3.
T84330 316171-316207 Sentence denotes The causative pathogen is S. aureus.
T55479 316208-316279 Sentence denotes Thirty nine of the environmental specimens were negative for S. aureus.
T69744 316280-316348 Sentence denotes Three of seven staffs have been found S. aureus in the nasal cavity.
T98157 316349-316464 Sentence denotes Two circulating nurses showed positive identification of S. aureus before and after they had scrubbing their hands.
T94492 316465-316610 Sentence denotes We conducted RAPD Analysis Typing for the pathogens and found that all patient's pathogens and pathogens from 2 circulating nurse were identical.
T98051 316611-316670 Sentence denotes The outbreak of surgical site infection has been confirmed.
T95671 316671-316682 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T95208 316683-316773 Sentence denotes During investigation, we found that the circulating nurse was not required to wear gloves.
T1976 316774-316963 Sentence denotes Furthermore, we have confirmed S. aureus moved from the nurse's hands to surgical site, because of ineffective clean process while the nurses has severe eczematous skin lesion in her hands.
T95543 316964-317116 Sentence denotes After group meetings and discussions, we have revised the process for circulating nurse, which including hand hygiene and personal protective equipment.
T33178 317117-317201 Sentence denotes From November 2016 to May 2017, there was no more S. aureus surgical site infection.
T42024 317202-317291 Sentence denotes It can be well explained that our efforts for this outbreak are effective and successful.
T10940 317292-317454 Sentence denotes The effect of bundle care intervention on catheter-associated urinary tract infections rate in medical intensive care unit Meng-Yi Liu, Chien-I Su, Yi-Hsuan Chen.
T47187 317455-317581 Sentence denotes Registered Nurse, Department of Nursing, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
T15829 317582-317593 Sentence denotes Background:
T93406 317594-317780 Sentence denotes Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are the most common health care-associated infections (HAI) in medical intensive care units (MICU), accounting for 30-40% of all HAI.
T17560 317781-317840 Sentence denotes CAUTIs prolong hospital stay and exacerbate mortality rate.
T41037 317841-318051 Sentence denotes According to the 2016 nosocomial infection records provided by the Infection Control Center of Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, the infection density of CAUTIs in MICU was elevated to 4.17‰ and medical costs increased.
T33114 318052-318205 Sentence denotes Therefore, the collaboration practice team assembled from Infection Control Center and Center of Quality Management promote the bundle care intervention.
T86409 318206-318214 Sentence denotes Methods:
T52685 318215-318328 Sentence denotes The collaborating team surveyed the bundle care intervention through brainstorming and cause-and-effect analysis.
T8317 318329-318593 Sentence denotes After reviewing literatures, the team investigated the current states of indwelling catheter implementation of three aspects: the "care knowledge," "placement," and "care checklist." Different understandings of the bundle care process were survey for medical team.
T19005 318594-318677 Sentence denotes The completion rate of accurate catheter care calculated from nursing team scoring.
T7871 318678-318752 Sentence denotes Daily evaluation instruments for catheter placement and care investigated.
T97378 318753-319065 Sentence denotes Finally, the team invited external infection control experts to MICU for intervention measures of bundle care implementation, standards of the placement and daily care, professional training sessions, instructional films for placement, daily care for patients, and a digitized platform for daily care evaluation.
T37529 319066-319135 Sentence denotes The team expected that these measures would alleviate the CAUTI rate.
T62798 319136-319144 Sentence denotes Results:
T26934 319145-319400 Sentence denotes The research team enhanced health care professionals' knowledge of bundle care intervention for CAUTI through revised standard operating procedures of indwelling catheter placement and care, lecture instructions, and self-learning via instructional films.
T69100 319401-319559 Sentence denotes Furthermore, this study ensured accurate implementation through an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), group discussions, and subsequent audits.
T27512 319560-319669 Sentence denotes The CAUTI infection rate was decreased from 4.17‰ to 1.68‰, indicating the effectiveness of the intervention.
T50469 319670-319939 Sentence denotes The OSCE results demonstrated that after educational training, both nurses in the nurse postgraduate nursing year training program (NPGY program) and the clinical nursing teachers had higher levels of knowledge on bundle care intervention of CAUTI than clinical nurses.
T81349 319940-320104 Sentence denotes The NPGY nurses received 2 years of dedicated training, whereas the clinical nursing teachers must receive relevant training continually when mentoring NPGY nurses.
T58746 320105-320239 Sentence denotes Therefore, clinical nurses should regularly receive the latest information to enhance their expertise and improve health care quality.
T78607 320240-320348 Sentence denotes Lung cancer post-surgical with pleural effusion caused by Aspergillus infection: a case report Ching I Ting.
T22849 320349-320402 Sentence denotes ChiMei Medical Center Intensive Care Unit Background:
T93217 320403-320485 Sentence denotes Lung infections can be severe consequences of chemotherapy-induced immune defects.
T34932 320486-320555 Sentence denotes Aetiological causes of infection include bacteria, viruses and fungi.
T34654 320556-320642 Sentence denotes Most infections are caused by bacteria, but viruses are being increasingly identified.
T1655 320643-320696 Sentence denotes Diagnosis is difficult and frequently time-consuming.
T9779 320697-320889 Sentence denotes Other immunosuppression conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, alcoholism, connective tissue diseases and prolonged corticosteroid therapy, are also situations of increased risk.
T48629 320890-320902 Sentence denotes Case Report:
T25874 320903-321192 Sentence denotes This 76-year-old female, patient has past history of (1) Right side Low Lung bronchioalveolar carcinoma post operation on 88-04 (2) Hepatitis B related with liver cirrhosis (3) Hepatocellular carcinoma (4) Tachy-brady syndrome post Permanent pacemaker in 105-04 (5) Chronic kidney disease.
T10566 321193-321226 Sentence denotes She was just discharged due to 1.
T39609 321227-321282 Sentence denotes Adenocarcinoma, right upper lobe post CT guided biopsy.
T16222 321283-321351 Sentence denotes In this hospitalization, chest CT revealed Right Up Lung mass (size:
T56068 321352-321413 Sentence denotes 3 × 2.7 cm) and chest CT-guided biopsy was performed on 4/14.
T33076 321414-321468 Sentence denotes The pathology showed Adenocarcinoma, right upper lobe.
T32972 321469-321520 Sentence denotes This time, she was admitted for surgical treatment.
T20411 321521-321582 Sentence denotes We arranged Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery operation on 5/2.
T50942 321583-321630 Sentence denotes Post operation transfer to intensive treatment.
T97408 321631-321719 Sentence denotes In the ICU, empiric antibiotic treatment with Piperacillin Sodium for infection control.
T94526 321720-321771 Sentence denotes Successful ventilator weaning, extubation on 05/03.
T81142 321772-321839 Sentence denotes However, sudden onset of PEA and apnea with cyanosis were occurred.
T68186 321840-321937 Sentence denotes Emergent intubation and resuscitation were provided. suspected pulmonary embolism further survey.
T93087 321938-321989 Sentence denotes May 19th the Chest CT was arranged that impression.
T51472 321990-322145 Sentence denotes Discussion the Chest CT report to her family and suggest insertion pig tail, they are agree then Chest CT guide for Pigtail drainage was performed on 5/23.
T19608 322146-322174 Sentence denotes 5/29 right pleural effusion:
T3608 322175-322195 Sentence denotes Aspergillus species.
T18193 322196-322236 Sentence denotes We add voriconazole 250 mg q12h therapy.
T10780 322237-322264 Sentence denotes 6/5 right pleural effusion:
T54028 322265-322281 Sentence denotes Aerobic culture:
T66943 322282-322334 Sentence denotes No Growth. voriconazole treatment course (5/29-6/9).
T32330 322335-322454 Sentence denotes However, unstable hemodynamic was done with renal, liver function failure, condition poor response, discharged on 6/11.
T27415 322455-322466 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T49338 322467-322621 Sentence denotes The definite diagnosis is made through the histological demonstration of tissue invasion by the fungus and the growth of Aspergillus species in a culture.
T18626 322622-322737 Sentence denotes Therapy with voriconazole or itraconazole has emerged as the first-line treatment and is safer than amphotericin B.
T7239 322738-322808 Sentence denotes The long-term prognosis for patients with CNPA is not well documented.
T22520 322809-323004 Sentence denotes The ideal treatment duration has not yet been defined and depends on the extension of the disease, the patient's response to treatment, the base disease and the patient's immunological condition.
T4774 323005-323053 Sentence denotes In some cases, lifelong therapy may be required.
T11228 323054-323217 Sentence denotes Enhancing the quality of bundle care in patients with Ventilator associated pneumonia through crossdisciplinary teamwork Wan-Ling Hsu, Ni-Huang Lin, Yi-Hsuan Chen.
T36786 323218-323313 Sentence denotes Department of Nursing, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Background:
T90397 323314-323425 Sentence denotes Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) commonly occurs in intensive care unit patients who have a tracheal tube.
T69065 323426-323538 Sentence denotes In Taiwan, approximately 13.7-25.3% of hospitalized patients contract VAP, which has a mortality rate of 20-33%.
T30072 323539-323756 Sentence denotes Hospital infection control center reported the VAP infection rate in our medical intensive care units was 1.17‰ in 2015, which was higher than the nationwide in medical centers (0.6‰) and which has steadily increased.
T68045 323757-323830 Sentence denotes Accordingly, hospitalization days and medical costs in Taiwan have risen.
T84634 323831-324080 Sentence denotes For this study, we collaborated with the infection control center, respiratory therapist team, information management center, and medical quality management center to develop and implement a bundle care intervention to reduce the VAP infection rate.
T43527 324081-324089 Sentence denotes Methods:
T74471 324090-324214 Sentence denotes A medical intensive care unit that has 45 patient beds and which averages a 96.4% occupancy rate was adopted for this study.
T47034 324215-324465 Sentence denotes Through cross-team cooperation and brainstorming, we analyzed several crucial factors related to VAP, and developed a VAP bundle care scale by referring to previous studies for investigating medical employees' knowledge of VAP bundle care procedures.
T8376 324466-324608 Sentence denotes The results showed that their knowledge varied, and that they did not adopt consistent care standards or have adequate daily assessment tools.
T51357 324609-325042 Sentence denotes In response, we invited external infection control experts to train hospital medical personnel on how to provide bundle care, modify daily VAP care standards (e.g., raising bedhead to 30°-45°, adopting daily sedation cessation, using 0.2-0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate for oral care, draining ventilators water, and washing hands), provide training, develop a daily care assessment form, and establish an information sharing platform.
T59019 325043-325051 Sentence denotes Results:
T8429 325052-325225 Sentence denotes In this study, we modified VAP bundle care standards and the medical team enhanced their knowledge of VAP bundle care through classroom learning and digital training videos.
T70516 325226-325360 Sentence denotes Through visual management and reminders from an information system, the accuracy of the VAP bundle care increased from 44.6% to 95.9%.
T23542 325361-325422 Sentence denotes Moreover, the VAP infection rate reduced from 1.17‰ to 0.44‰.
T11835 325423-325607 Sentence denotes We found that when bedheads were raised to 30°-45°, alert conscious patients could not fall asleep and experienced sacrum pain; accordingly, these patients refused this care procedure.
T52745 325608-325619 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T4689 325620-325852 Sentence denotes The bundle care information system not only improved the comprehensiveness of the bundle care that patients received, but also reminded medical team members or helped them to keep track of its tasks and the quality of care provided.
T62009 325853-325956 Sentence denotes The effectiveness of the medical team was critically enhanced through the information-sharing platform.
T17191 325957-326172 Sentence denotes Using bundle care approach to reduce the ICU VAP and CAUTI infection density Yu-Wen Huang 1 , Yih-Giun Cherng 2 , Ya-Fang Wang 1 , Yu-Lan Wang 1 , Yong-Ching Lau 3 , Chun Mah 4 , Chien-Ling Su 5 , Wen -Chuan Lin 1 .
T39813 326173-326295 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Office, 2 Dean Chamber, 3 Infectious Diseases, 4 Department of Nursing, 5 Respiratory Room Background:
T59156 326296-326465 Sentence denotes We implemented an invasive medical intervention bundle care quality improvement program in 2015-2016, the VAP had remarkably decreased from 3.10‰ (2011) to 0.65‰ (2015).
T5616 326466-326589 Sentence denotes The incidence rate of CAUTI was 1.77‰ (2015), a significant reduction relative to the pre-intervention period 2.34‰ (2013).
T29983 326590-326598 Sentence denotes Methods:
T28641 326599-326794 Sentence denotes Comparing to the Taiwan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System (TNIS) in 2010, the VAP for medical centers and regional hospitals was 0.9‰ and 1.2‰, respectively, but our ICU was 3.1‰ in 2011.
T14035 326795-326873 Sentence denotes The incidence of CAUTI in ICU was increased from 1.29‰ (2012) to 2.34‰ (2013).
T58637 326874-327013 Sentence denotes Because of the results, our hospital has implemented bundle care in the adult ICU with special focus on VAP and CAUTI prevention 2015-2016.
T69364 327014-327330 Sentence denotes Several wrong interventions were noted after quality control circle for VAP (2011): (1) Not implemented hand hygiene (2) lack of the recognition of appropriate sputum suction timing (3) did not elevate the head of the bed to an angle of 30-45°(4) did not drain and discard any condensate that collects in the tubing.
T25969 327331-327610 Sentence denotes For CAUTI, the problems were included: (1) did not implement sterilize procedure of catheter insertion. (2) hand hygiene adherence and accuracy before and after 5 moments. (3) the audit for CAUTI bundle was 58%, the implementation arte for daily insert urinary catheters was 60%.
T25151 327611-327937 Sentence denotes Five intervention measures (1) video for hand hygiene and hand hygiene activity was performed (2) superintendent, vice superintendent and director of nursing department were participated for video performance. (3) monthly audit was done (4) certificate activities for VAP and CAUTI bundle care prevention. (5) monthy feedback.
T66834 327938-327946 Sentence denotes Results:
T43795 327947-327949 Sentence denotes 1.
T37370 327950-328008 Sentence denotes Hand hygiene adherence and accuracy rates was 85% and 80%.
T97113 328009-328011 Sentence denotes 2.
T50959 328012-328055 Sentence denotes Implementation of VAP+ CAUTI was above 90%.
T72176 328056-328058 Sentence denotes 3.
T4912 328059-328223 Sentence denotes The incidence rate of VAP and CAUTI of our ICU in 2015 was 0.65‰ and 1.77‰, which was lower than other medical centers (0.9‰) and regional hospitals (1.4‰) in 2015.
T28062 328224-328235 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T46127 328236-328391 Sentence denotes Bundle care is an effective measure for promoting medical care quality, monthly meeting and surveillance system should be applied to evaluate its efficacy.
T11036 328392-328599 Sentence denotes Using Hepac Lock Flush for reducing Port-related bloodstream infection Shu-Jiuan Tsai 1,2 , Chen-Chi Tsai 1,3 , Chorng-Jang Lay 1,3 , Hui-Ying Chuang 1,2 , Ya-Lan Chen 1,2 , Lin-Jia Lin 1,2 , Hsiu-Lun Su 2 .
T92238 328600-328611 Sentence denotes Background:
T99120 328612-328747 Sentence denotes Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is defined as pneumonia that developed 48 hours or longer after the use of mechanical ventilator.
T85846 328748-329005 Sentence denotes According to previous studies, oral hygiene care using 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) as an element of the ventilator bundle is supposed to decontaminate the mouth, avoid aspiration of contaminated secretions into the respiratory tract, and prevent VAP.
T37017 329006-329142 Sentence denotes The aim of the study was to evaluate the antiplaque efficacy by using oral care with 0.2% CHG gel in an adult intensive care unit (ICU).
T51650 329143-329151 Sentence denotes Methods:
T6023 329152-329251 Sentence denotes This study was conducted in an adult ICU at a regional hospital from February, 2016 to April, 2016.
T99636 329252-329588 Sentence denotes During the study period, VAP bundle care was implemented, including (1) head-ofbed elevation 30°−45°, (2) maintenance of ventilator circuit free from accumulated water, (3) daily interruption of sedation, (4) daily assessment of readiness to extubate, (5) hand hygiene, and (6) performance of oral hygiene with 0.2% CHG gel twice daily.
T75122 329589-329658 Sentence denotes Plaque disclosing solution was used to evaluate the amount of plaque.
T44805 329659-329779 Sentence denotes Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (MQHPI) score was recorded before and after each oral hygiene care with 0.2% CHG gel.
T56165 329780-329856 Sentence denotes Independent t test was perfomred to evaluate the significance of difference.
T56038 329857-329865 Sentence denotes Results:
T3697 329866-329939 Sentence denotes There were 15 patients enrollwed in this study during the 2-month period.
T1612 329940-330011 Sentence denotes All of the study subjects were male with a mean age more than 75 years.
T94197 330012-330072 Sentence denotes The mean difference of MQHPI score was 0.28 ± 0.38 (95% C.I.
T4021 330073-330128 Sentence denotes 0.07-0.49, p = 0.01) before and after 0.2% CHG gel use.
T57283 330129-330140 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T96837 330141-330250 Sentence denotes Oral hygiene care with 0.2% CHG gel can significantly lower the MQHPI score in adult critically ill patients.
T18488 330251-330367 Sentence denotes Further largescaled investigations are warranted to evaluate whether it had impact on reducing the incidence of VAP.
T17950 330368-330698 Sentence denotes To evaluate the effectiveness of Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) care bundle and to enhance the ratio of recognition and compliance in a district hospital Chia-Yun Pan 1 , Yu-Chiao Chen 1 , Yu-Jen Chang 2 , Hui-Ling Tsai 2 , Man-Ling Yu 2 , Li-Chu Lee 2 , Ming-Chi Tsai 3 , Wen-Chi Cheng 4 , Wen-Chih Wu 4 , Cho-Chin Sun 5 .
T55874 330699-330710 Sentence denotes Background:
T62915 330711-330847 Sentence denotes According to previous studies, there were many evidences suggested that bundle care can reduce healthcare related infection effectively.
T39994 330848-330953 Sentence denotes However, clinical staff didn't know the meaning of bundle care clearly and didn't obey the measures well.
T46775 330954-331057 Sentence denotes That's why we implemented ventilation-associated pneumonia (VAP) bundle care since June 1, 2015 to now.
T19604 331058-331175 Sentence denotes In the beginning, the accuracy of bundle care was only 76.6%, which may cause in low compliance rates of bundle care.
T99230 331176-331231 Sentence denotes Compliance rates of VAP were merely 57.1% respectively.
T27401 331232-331309 Sentence denotes The lack of recognition can affect the compliance of performing the measures.
T46648 331310-331318 Sentence denotes Methods:
T34234 331319-331596 Sentence denotes The VAP bundle care intervention include: head-of-bed elevation above 30 degrees, twice "oral hygiene" for patients daily, patency control on ventilator circuit, daily assessment of sedation cessation, hand hygiene, and evaluation ventilator need for patients every single day.
T82048 331597-331664 Sentence denotes We made up a special group that led by our assistant administrator.
T16258 331665-331848 Sentence denotes After observation of promotion to bundle care in clinical unit, we found that most of clinical staffs were poor recognition about bundle care and were not wellknowing in the measures.
T41473 331849-332159 Sentence denotes We elaborated corrective measures, including holding education training activity and bench-marking, instituting bundle care checklist and demonstration, hold "King of Knowledge" responder game, making informational materials for promotion and carrying out examination seriously to promote bundle care smoothly.
T93157 332160-332168 Sentence denotes Results:
T38100 332169-332283 Sentence denotes After promotion of corrective measures, compliance rates of VAP bundle care were from 83.3% to 100%, respectively.
T65336 332284-332359 Sentence denotes Improvement rate of the test before and after education training reach 20%.
T38222 332360-332406 Sentence denotes Correction rate of performing policy was 100%.
T57821 332407-332495 Sentence denotes And the most important was that our VAP achieved zero tolerance for 16 months continued.
T48906 332496-332507 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T89142 332508-332642 Sentence denotes Improving recognition of clinical staffs can enhance compliance rates of bundle care, leading to reduced healthcare related infection.
T77627 332643-332726 Sentence denotes So, we will still follow this study and hope to achieve the goal of zero tolerance.
T11441 332727-333083 Sentence denotes Cephalosporin-glycopeptide combinations for use against clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates enhanced in vitro antibacterial activity Hung-Jen Tang 1,2 , Chih-Cheng Lai 3 , Chi-Chung Chen 4,5 , Chun-Cheng Zhang 1 , Tzu-Chieh Weng 1 , Wen-Liang Yu 1,4 , Hung-Jui Chen 1 , Yu-Hsin Chiu 6 , Wen-Chien Ko 7,8 *, Yin-Ching Chuang 4,6 *.
T51925 333084-333095 Sentence denotes Background:
T62894 333096-333287 Sentence denotes The empirical combination of both a beta-lactam and glycopeptide to counter potential staphylococcal pathogens may improve the clinical outcomes for cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
T7864 333288-333296 Sentence denotes Methods:
T2353 333297-333647 Sentence denotes We reported comparative in vitro studies of combination effects of different cephalosporins (i.e., cefazolin, cefmetazole, cefotaxime, and cefepime) combined with glycopeptides for 34 randomly selected methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates by three methods, including the checkerboard, time-killing, and combination MIC measurement methods.
T61435 333648-333656 Sentence denotes Results:
T65231 333657-333889 Sentence denotes Thirteen SCCmec type III isolates with a cefazolin MIC of ≥128 µg/mL were classified as the high-cefazolin MIC (HCM) group, whereas 13 SCCmec type IV and 8 SCCmec type V isolates were classified as the low-cefazolin MIC (LCM) group.
T47853 333890-334114 Sentence denotes With the checkerboard method, synergism was present for vancomycinbased combinations at 30.8-69.2 and 13.6-66.7%, as well as teicoplanin-based combinations of 38.5-84.6 and 0-47.6%, of the HCM and LCM isolates, respectively.
T84981 334115-334139 Sentence denotes No antagonism was noted.
T99981 334140-334317 Sentence denotes The in vitro inhibitory activity was evident even at a low concentration of 1/512x MIC of cephalosporin combined with sub-inhibitory concentrations (1/2x MIC) of a glycopeptide.
T4507 334318-334489 Sentence denotes With time-killing assays, synergism was noted at 1/2x or 1x susceptible breakpoint concentrations (SBCs) of a cephalosporin combined with 1/4 or 1/2 MIC of a glycopeptide.
T90254 334490-334636 Sentence denotes In the presence of 1/2 SBC of a cephalosporin, vancomycin or teicoplanin MICs decreased an average of 2.0-to 6.6-or 1.6-to 5.5-fold, respectively.
T57113 334637-334747 Sentence denotes With 8 µg/ mL cephalosporin, the decline of glycopeptide MICs was most obvious in the presence of cefmetazole.
T46910 334748-334759 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T74889 334760-334927 Sentence denotes Cephalosporin-glycopeptide combinations at clinically achievable concentrations can exhibit in vitro synergistic antibacterial activity against clinical MRSA isolates.
T68998 334928-335035 Sentence denotes Such combinations require more clinical data to support their application for use in human MRSA infections.
T41284 335036-335209 Sentence denotes The impact of inoculum size on the activity of cefoperazonesulbactam Chih-Cheng Lai 1 , Chi-Chung Chen 2,3 , Ping-Chin Chang 4 , Yin-Ching Chuang 2,4 *, Hung-Jen Tang 5,6 *.
T74548 335210-335221 Sentence denotes Background:
T47943 335222-335411 Sentence denotes This study was performed to assess the in vitro activity of cefoperazone alone and different cefoperazonesulbactam ratios against different inoculum sizes of ESBL-E. coli and K. pneumoniae.
T81556 335412-335420 Sentence denotes Methods:
T61469 335421-335654 Sentence denotes Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cefoperazone, cefoperazone-sulbactam at fixed ratio of 1:1 and 2:1 against a normal inoculum size of 5 × 10 5 CFU/mL CFU/mL and a high inoculum size of 5 × 10 7 CFU/mL CFU/mL were measured.
T92802 335655-335663 Sentence denotes Results:
T54909 335664-335752 Sentence denotes After the addition of sulbactam at a 1:1 ratio, most MIC 50 and MIC 90 values decreased.
T21249 335753-335963 Sentence denotes The susceptibility rate of cefoperazone-sulbactam at a 1:1 ratio is greater against most organisms, except P. aeruginosa; for P. aeruginosa, the susceptibility rate of cefoperazone-sulbactam was at a 2:1 ratio.
T41956 335964-336182 Sentence denotes For extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli, the susceptibility rate of cefoperazonesulbactam at ratios of (1:1) and (2:1) decreased from 97.0 to 87.9% and 90.9 to 60.6%, for normal to high inoculum, respectively.
T8883 336183-336373 Sentence denotes For ESBL K. pneumoniae, both susceptibility rate of cefoperazonesulbactam at ratios of (1:1) and (2:1) decreased from 75.8%, and 63.6% at normal inoculum to 51.5% and 42.4% at high inoculum.
T89197 336374-336385 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T22695 336386-336540 Sentence denotes Cefoperazone-sulbactam at a 1:1 ratio has greater in vitro activity against most multidrug resistant organisms than cefoperazone-sulbactam at a 2:1 ratio.
T72416 336541-336699 Sentence denotes Such combinations were not influenced by the inoculum size of ESBL E. coli and K. pneumoniae and could be a therapeutic option for treating severe infections.
T99693 336700-336929 Sentence denotes Clinical experience of patients receiving doripenem-containing regimens for the treatment of healthcare-associated infections Chien-Ming Chao 1 , Chi-Chung Chen 2,3 , Yin-Ching Chuang 2,4 , Chih-Cheng Lai 1 , Hung-Jen Tang 5,6 *.
T51097 336930-336941 Sentence denotes Background:
T27661 336942-337232 Sentence denotes In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical experience of patients receiving doripenem-containing regimens for the treatment of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) in a tertiary care center and assessed the clinical usefulness of doripenem therapy in this clinical setting.
T34765 337233-337241 Sentence denotes Methods:
T99881 337242-337604 Sentence denotes In this retrospective study, the medical records of all adult patients who had ever received doripenem-containing therapy for the treatment of HCAIs were reviewed between September 1, 2012 and August 31, 2014, and the following data were extracted: age, gender, type of infection, disease severity, underlying comorbidities or conditions, and laboratory results.
T49092 337605-337717 Sentence denotes Additionally, we also extracted data regarding the rates of mortality and clinical and microbiological response.
T63147 337718-337726 Sentence denotes Results:
T72053 337727-337842 Sentence denotes A total of 184 adult patients with HCAIs who had received doripenem-containing therapy were included in this study.
T72793 337843-338029 Sentence denotes Respiratory tract infections (n = 91, 49.5%) were the most common type of infection, followed by urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections and skin and soft tissue infections.
T78828 338030-338064 Sentence denotes The mean APACHE II score was 14.5.
T4776 338065-338163 Sentence denotes The rate of clinical success was 78.2%, and the overall in-hospital mortality rate was only 13.0%.
T84191 338164-338388 Sentence denotes Among patients, in-hospital mortality was independently and significantly associated with APACHE II score (odds ratio (OR), 1.2825; 95% CI, 1.1123 ± 1.4788) and achieving clinical success (OR, 0.003; 95% CI, 0.0003 ± 0.409).
T99141 338389-338400 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T60647 338401-338537 Sentence denotes The overall in-hospital mortality rate was low and the clinical success rate was high among HCAI patients receiving doripenem treatment.
T73285 338538-338640 Sentence denotes These results suggest that doripenem may be judiciously used for the treatment of patients with HCAIs.
T99447 338641-338918 Sentence denotes Combination of cephalosporins with vancomycin or teicoplanin enhances antibacterial effect of glycopeptides against heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) and VISA Chih-Cheng Lai 1 , Chi-Chung Chen 2,3 , Yin-Ching Chuang 2,4 *, Hung-Jen Tang 5,6 *.
T88083 338919-338930 Sentence denotes Background:
T44696 338931-339043 Sentence denotes Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) is one of the most common health care associated infection.
T12593 339044-339138 Sentence denotes The most imprtant risk factor for development of CAUTI is prolonged use of a urinary catheter.
T30213 339139-339263 Sentence denotes Active surveillance and infection control are needed to disclose in each hospital and to deal with this problem effectively.
T55603 339264-339272 Sentence denotes Methods:
T14985 339273-339444 Sentence denotes Prospective surveillance was conducted according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) procedures at a major teaching hospital from 2013 through 2016.
T62506 339445-339516 Sentence denotes Fisher's exact probability test and Kruskal-Wallis test ware performed.
T83963 339517-339525 Sentence denotes Results:
T79981 339526-339641 Sentence denotes During the study period, 3,229,898 patient-days and 659,165 catheter-days were evaluated, and 2,144 CAUTI occurred.
T41666 339642-339700 Sentence denotes The overall rate of CAUTI was 3.25 per 1000 catheter-days.
T30829 339701-339770 Sentence denotes The mean age of 71 ± 19 years, and female gender accounted for 44.8%.
T69321 339771-339829 Sentence denotes The length of hospital stay was 75 (1-105) days in median.
T43060 339830-339933 Sentence denotes Parts of patients had past history of diabetes mellitus (31.9%), cancer (27.8%) and bedriddern (30.2%).
T79866 339934-340064 Sentence denotes Those patients who were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) was 31.7%, and the length of ICU stay was 14±11.4 days in average.
T67610 340065-340076 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T2879 340077-340145 Sentence denotes The cases of CAUTI and the distribution of risk factors were stable.
T9368 340146-340361 Sentence denotes Then, we intervene infection control measures such as using computer reminder to reduce usage of urinary catheterization, that can be attributed to obvious decrease in the rate of urinary catheter utilization ratio.
T27428 340362-340669 Sentence denotes Early detection of healthcare-associated urinary tract infection by using an electronic active surveillance system at a medical center Hui-Chi Lin 1 , Yi-Ju Tseng 2,3 , Hsin-Hsin Chang 1 , Ming-Yuan Chen 4 , Jann-Tay Wang 1,6 , Wang-Huei Sheng 1,6 , Yee-Chun Chen 1,6 , Feipei Lai 4,5 , Shan-Chwen Chang 6 .
T52956 340670-341226 Sentence denotes 1 Center for Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, 2 Department of Information Management, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 4 Information Systems Office, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, 5 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 6 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
T48106 341227-341238 Sentence denotes Objectives:
T1049 341239-341399 Sentence denotes We apply a hospital-wide electronic automatic system to early detection and intervention for healthcare-associated urinary tract infections at a medical center.
T85855 341400-341408 Sentence denotes Methods:
T51615 341409-341632 Sentence denotes A real-time information technique integrated clinical and laboratory data into a signal entry point user interface to assist infection control personnel in making decision for healthcare-associated urinary tract infections.
T50880 341633-341792 Sentence denotes We use web services techniques based on Service-Oriented Architecture, which are suitable for integrating heterogeneous platforms, protocols, and applications.
T58359 341793-341801 Sentence denotes Results:
T38247 341802-341832 Sentence denotes Provider of Quality Indicator:
T29351 341833-341975 Sentence denotes During study period, 269 episodes of ICP-detected HAUTIs and 325 episodes of computerdetected HAUTIs were found throughout the 20 departments.
T99489 341976-342098 Sentence denotes The correlation of HAI events counted with and without the HAUTI surveillance system in different department is displayed.
T16850 342099-342196 Sentence denotes The square of the sample correlation coefficient was 0.995 (by departments) and 0.958 (by weeks).
T39414 342197-342228 Sentence denotes Accuracy of the Detection Rule:
T97965 342229-342309 Sentence denotes A total of 396 episodes were verified during June 1, 2015 and November 30, 2015.
T17353 342310-342428 Sentence denotes The episodes of computer-detected HAUTIs correlated closely with the infection control personnel detected (P < 0.001).
T33027 342429-342632 Sentence denotes Compared with reference standards, this system performed excellently with regard to sensitivity (84.89%), specificity (99.87%), positive predictive value (93.65%), and negative predictive value (99.65%).
T33869 342633-342677 Sentence denotes Decrease in the Delay of HAUTI Confirmation.
T93543 342678-342807 Sentence denotes The system shortened the delay in confirmation of HAUTI cases, on average, by 30.78 days (59.9 days versus 29.1 days, P < 0.001).
T92800 342808-342819 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T9537 342820-342991 Sentence denotes An electronic active HAUTI surveillance system simplifies the workflow of hospital infection control, and provides convenient service and is time-saving for detecting HAI.
T69774 342992-343064 Sentence denotes It allows specialists to have more time to deal with ad hoc occurrences.
T68259 343065-343189 Sentence denotes In the process of improving efficiency, was also manage to strengthen the quality of medical care as well as patient safety.
T47942 343190-343249 Sentence denotes Shu-Ling Chen, Chi-Fen Tsou, Ying-Ling Chen, Hung-Jen Tang.
T8351 343250-343261 Sentence denotes Background:
T40294 343262-343336 Sentence denotes July 7, 2016, the neurosurgery resident informed infection control center.
T34799 343337-343471 Sentence denotes He found that was an increase in the number of patients who had suspected postoperative infection in neurosurgical outpatient clinics.
T34422 343472-343540 Sentence denotes He suspected that It related to construction work of operating room.
T62039 343541-343620 Sentence denotes The construction period of the operating room was from June 8 to July 24, 2016.
T15784 343621-343824 Sentence denotes Based on chi-square test, the null hypothesis was that the operation of neurosurgery in different operating rooms, and postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) chance was the same during construction.
T50042 343825-343833 Sentence denotes Methods:
T1079 343834-343959 Sentence denotes During 2016 June to September, on healthcareassociated infection's SSI numbers were the highest in July, there were 13 cases.
T81805 343960-344064 Sentence denotes SSI patient surgery divisions distributed in the largest number of neurosurgery, it was 7 cases (53.8%).
T45701 344065-344204 Sentence denotes From the control chart was not difficult to find that SSI (0.92%) had exceeded 2 times the standard deviation of the control chart in July.
T52469 344205-344290 Sentence denotes The department of neurosurgery had 177 knife times (7th of the all surgical numbers).
T68968 344291-344323 Sentence denotes There were 87 knife times in No.
T27680 344324-344366 Sentence denotes 2 operating room and 47 knife times in No.
T31484 344367-344446 Sentence denotes 9 operating room in the majority, the rest operating rooms only 43 knive times.
T91873 344447-344453 Sentence denotes In No.
T8827 344454-344497 Sentence denotes 2 operating room SSI was 6 cases and In No.
T26332 344498-344577 Sentence denotes 9 operating room SSI was 5 cases, other operating rooms were without infection.
T2917 344578-344709 Sentence denotes Based on the chisquare test, the event of SSI was not significant with construction work of operating room (P = 0.2570, >α = 0.05).
T99561 344710-344718 Sentence denotes Results:
T46002 344719-344872 Sentence denotes Definition from the Taiwan CDC 2009 edition healthcareassociated infection surveillance, SSI's follow-up survey is divided into implants and no implants.
T47041 344873-344931 Sentence denotes So, there are implants to track until July 7, 2017 so far.
T29479 344932-344964 Sentence denotes Up to now SSI has not increased.
T99442 344965-345020 Sentence denotes The construction range of the operating room was In No.
T34685 345021-345054 Sentence denotes 8 operating room, adjacent to No.
T40217 345055-345064 Sentence denotes 7 and No.
T19069 345065-345083 Sentence denotes 9 operating rooms.
T66204 345084-345087 Sentence denotes No.
T86689 345088-345154 Sentence denotes 9 operating room mainly perform neurosurgical surgical procedures.
T45322 345155-345271 Sentence denotes The result of the survey was no correlation between postoperative infection and construction work of operating room.
T97294 345272-345283 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T86125 345284-345505 Sentence denotes Here is the suggestion, surgery room if the construction plan, it should notice surgeon to evaluate the surgical schedule postponed or canceled, or to make a mandatory stop disposed of operating by the surgical committee.
T15334 345506-345647 Sentence denotes Moreover, after the completion of the construction, it should to commission qualified manufacturers for dust detection and bacteria sampling.
T30674 345648-345710 Sentence denotes Until normal environmental testing result to begin to surgery.
T35876 345711-345753 Sentence denotes In order to ensure the quality of surgery.
T42354 345754-345765 Sentence denotes Background:
T14821 345766-345919 Sentence denotes The incidence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) related healthcare-associated infection (HAI) has increased in recent year worldwide.
T15812 345920-346119 Sentence denotes This study is to investigated the risk factor of CRPA infections in a universityaffiliated teaching hospital in Taiwan in order to provide more information under the current infection control system.
T47293 346120-346128 Sentence denotes Methods:
T31133 346129-346354 Sentence denotes A retrospective cross-sectional study included P. aeruginosa HAIs events from January 1, 2009 to June 30, 2014, and divided to CRPA infected case group and carbapenem-susceptible P. aeruginosa (CSPA) infected reference group.
T97030 346355-346442 Sentence denotes The medical records were collected to identify risk factors for CRPA HAI and mortality.
T25982 346443-346538 Sentence denotes Patients with prior use of any anti-pseudomonal carbapenems were included in subgroup analysis.
T81117 346539-346547 Sentence denotes Results:
T42790 346548-346649 Sentence denotes 395 P. aeruginosa infection case enrolled from total 3,263 HAI events; 63were CRPA and 332 were CSPA.
T45225 346650-346692 Sentence denotes The prevalence of CRPA was 15.9% (63/395).
T79783 346693-346874 Sentence denotes A significant risk factor related to CRPA infection were longer time at risk, prior use of anti-pseudomonal carbapenems, and prior use of aminoglycoside ( p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.05).
T19921 346875-346979 Sentence denotes Besides, anti-pseudomonal carbapenem monotherapy did not significantly increase risk for CRPA infection.
T53861 346980-347061 Sentence denotes Conclusion: CRPA prevalence tended to be elevated worldwide as well as in Taiwan.
T86013 347062-347154 Sentence denotes Antimicrobials use should be monitored carefully, especially carbapenems and aminoglycoside.
T96432 347155-347331 Sentence denotes Further study on bigger population with carbapenems use would be needed to confirm the association between using carbapenems in monotherapy and the risk to get CRPA infections.
T28586 347332-347566 Sentence denotes The implementation of care bundle to prevent catheterassociated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) in medical wards of a Taiwan regional hospital Hsiao Yung-Tsung, Jian Shu-Min, Lin Yi-Chih, Lin Shi-Hua, Hsueh Kuei-Hsia, Hsu Jiin-Chyr.
T37223 347567-347614 Sentence denotes Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare
T26399 347615-347626 Sentence denotes Background:
T59875 347627-347824 Sentence denotes Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are one of the most common health care-associated infections; thus, CAUTI reduction metrics have been included in the Health and Human Services.
T95458 347825-348052 Sentence denotes According to a survey in 2016, the incidence of CAUTI was 1.38‰, accounting for 85.71% of all urinary tract infections, and the catheter utilization rate was 25.29% in a Taiwan regional hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare.
T10841 348053-348147 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to reduce the incidence of CAUTI by the introduction of bundle care.
T66816 348148-348156 Sentence denotes Methods:
T7543 348157-348280 Sentence denotes A total of 49 beds when placed with indwelling catheter were study from a general medical ward of Taiwan regional hospital.
T3491 348281-348373 Sentence denotes From January to May 2017, we recruited and analyzed 69 cases who received CAUTI bundle care.
T22993 348374-348418 Sentence denotes The CAUTI bundle care included 4 components.
T68655 348419-348505 Sentence denotes First, avoid unnecessary urinary catheter in situ, and check for clinical indications.
T72533 348506-348606 Sentence denotes Second, prior to every catheter care procedure, perform hand hygiene and then wear gloves and apron.
T10708 348607-348821 Sentence denotes Third, maintain the quality of urinary catheter, including regularly empty urinary drainage bags into a clean container, and urinary drainage bags should be placed lower than the bladder level but not on the floor.
T67041 348822-348960 Sentence denotes Lastly, the physician checked the necessity of using catheter every day, and the catheter was removed as soon as possible if not required.
T85786 348961-349163 Sentence denotes In addition, an internal audit team led by the chief physician of the ward conducted internal audits monthly using a table specifically designed for CAUTI bundle bare, and provided feedback to the ward.
T27431 349164-349311 Sentence denotes Our project team had regular meetings to check the compliance of the intervention plan and important index of the results of the review to improve.
T54751 349312-349320 Sentence denotes Results:
T93735 349321-349407 Sentence denotes The compliance rate of CAUTI bundle care increased from 66.7% in the beginning to 80%.
T44891 349408-349559 Sentence denotes Based on 20.44% of urinary catheter utilization rate, the incidence of CAUTI improved from 1.38‰ in 2016 to zero infection during the 5 months in 2017.
T70425 349560-349571 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T8558 349572-349795 Sentence denotes Our study demonstrated that the catheter-associated urinary tract infections can be effectively reduced through the implementation of CAUTI bundle bare coupled with the establishment of the management organizational system.
T47300 349796-349930 Sentence denotes A project to improve Ventilator-associated pneumonia bundle care in a respiratory care center Zin-Min Huang, Yi-Sin Lu, Shih-Han Tung.
T42903 349931-350025 Sentence denotes Department of Nursing, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University Taipei, Taiwan
T11177 350026-350037 Sentence denotes Background:
T64303 350038-350446 Sentence denotes Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection in respiratory care center (RCC), our respiratory care center began implementing ventilator-associated pneumonia bundle care in March 2016, but the compliance rate of bundle care intervention was poor and the ventilator associatedpneumonia infection rate increased by 3.5‰ in December, led to high mortality and prolonged hospital stays.
T39430 350447-350623 Sentence denotes So the aim of this project was to upgrade knowledge, improve the compliance rate and the correctness of bundle care, and reduce the infection rate for the patients in our unit.
T7441 350624-350632 Sentence denotes Methods:
T55034 350633-350677 Sentence denotes The project was established on January 2017.
T77484 350678-350837 Sentence denotes A previous evaluation on our unit found that the compliance rate of VAP bundle care intervention of nursing care was 70.6% and care correctness was only 78.0%.
T35523 350838-351141 Sentence denotes The causes of the low compliance rate for bundle care and low care correctness were: lack of recognition by the nurses, lack of remind system on daily assessment for patient, lack of standard care guidelines for Mouth care, the lack of standard to make sure the correct elevation of the head of the bed.
T87825 351142-351457 Sentence denotes For these shortcomings, we (1). conducted education and elearning programs about VAP bundle care, (2) . developed a remind system on medical operating system for VAP bundle daily assessment, (3) . established the standard care guidelines for mouth care and for checking the correct elevation of the head of the bed.
T77516 351458-351466 Sentence denotes Results:
T43277 351467-351783 Sentence denotes After implementing our intervention, we found the project effectively improved the compliance rate of VAP bundle care intervention of nursing care(from 70.6% to 96.0%), increased the care correctness (from 78.0% to 97.4%), upgraded the knowledge about VAP bundle care in our nursing staff (from 71.6 to 96.6 points).
T77131 351784-351903 Sentence denotes The ventilator associated-pneumonia infection rate decreased and reached zero tolerance from February to April in 2017.
T71496 351904-351915 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T29253 351916-352123 Sentence denotes With effective implementation, the ventilator associated-pneumonia infection risks can be lowered, mortality and days of hospitalization reduced, protecting patients from disease and ensuring patient safety.
T4124 352124-352257 Sentence denotes Systemic analysis of the bacteria of urinary tract infections and its risking factor I-min Che 1 , Ning-jen Tsai 2 , Pei-wen Tsai 2 .
T32197 352258-352413 Sentence denotes 1 En Chu Kong hospital Medical Quality Division specialist, 2 En Chu Kong hospital Infection Control, Department Infection control practitioner Background:
T36691 352414-352592 Sentence denotes Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) is a common infection, in Taiwan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System database, UTI was the first infection in Hospital association infection.
T69016 352593-352850 Sentence denotes In this study, we wanted to analysis the bacteria of UTI and its risking factor According to previous studies, the bacteria caused UTI were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans, and the most risking factor is the day that foley used.
T76258 352851-352859 Sentence denotes Methods:
T98584 352860-352919 Sentence denotes In this study, we collected the UTI data from 2014 to 2016.
T29775 352920-352983 Sentence denotes Then we analyzed the strain of bacteria and its risking factor.
T10349 352984-353077 Sentence denotes Otherwise, we used the SPSS tool to analyzed the UTI ratio of the day that foley used or not.
T99989 353078-353086 Sentence denotes Results:
T3331 353087-353256 Sentence denotes Through the analyzed of statistical, we found the top 3 bacteria were: E.coli, candida spp, Enterococcus spp, and the 51% (106/206) UTI cases were associated with foley.
T41870 353257-353300 Sentence denotes The average of foley used day was 8.8 days.
T23527 353301-353312 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T37895 353313-353398 Sentence denotes According to our analyze, the foley used or not would not arise the ratio of HAI-UTI.
T5851 353399-353475 Sentence denotes That's to say, if we can execute the UTI bundle, we still can avoid the UTI.
T3599 353476-353651 Sentence denotes Otherwise, according to our analyze, the E.coli was the popular bacteria in UTI, so if we can prove the AST data for doctor, the doctor can quickly treat and avoid bacteremia.
T40662 353652-353744 Sentence denotes Finally, the average of foley used day was higher than other, so we had to try to reduce it.
T24183 353745-353893 Sentence denotes Risk factors of healthcare-associated Elizabethkingia meningoseptica infections in Taiwan medical center Chia-Ping Chen*, Yin-Yin Chen, Fu-Der Wang.
T43824 353894-353953 Sentence denotes Infection Control, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
T6800 353954-353965 Sentence denotes Background:
T58016 353966-354092 Sentence denotes Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (Chryseobacterium meningosepticum) is a non-glucose-fermenting, Gram-negative aerobic bacillus.
T35539 354093-354261 Sentence denotes The incidence of E. meningoseptica healthcareassociated infection (HAI) has increased in a major teaching hospital in the northern part of Taiwan over the past 5 years.
T82649 354262-354270 Sentence denotes Methods:
T61695 354271-354456 Sentence denotes Between Jan 1, 2012 and Dec 31, 2016, a total of 250 patients with Chryseobacterium spp. associated HAI at a major medical center and teaching hospital in northern Taiwan were enrolled.
T33435 354457-354616 Sentence denotes Host factors, hospital services, surgical and medical interventions, infection sites, and the treatment and complications of HAI were analyzed retrospectively.
T32061 354617-354625 Sentence denotes Results:
T11266 354626-354891 Sentence denotes During 2012-2016, the incidence of Chryseobacterium spp. associated HAI has increased from 0.05 episode per 1000 inpatientdays to 0.08 episode ( p = .001). the major infection sites were bloodstream infections (79.2%), urinary tract infection (12.8%) were secondly.
T92175 354892-354914 Sentence denotes Overall, 67.8% were E.
T47225 354915-354960 Sentence denotes Meningoseptica and 31.3% were C. indologenes.
T87327 354961-355032 Sentence denotes The mean age was 74.9 ± 18.5 years, and 174 patients (69.6%) were male.
T73775 355033-355114 Sentence denotes APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) scores were 21 ± 9.
T391 355115-355221 Sentence denotes Admission days prior to HAI was 29 (3-227) days, and 191 patients (76.4%) was ever exposed to antibiotics.
T34391 355222-355312 Sentence denotes 55.6% has urinary catheter and the median duration of catheterization were 13 (1-62) days.
T88502 355313-355403 Sentence denotes 36.4% received central venous line and the median placement durations were 10 (1-74) days.
T24809 355404-355415 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T2223 355416-355530 Sentence denotes There was a secular trend of an increasing number of E. meningoseptica HAIs in our hospital over the past 5 years.
T48378 355531-355701 Sentence denotes In addition to reinforcement of standard infection measures and hand hygiene, Antibiotic stewardship is a key to reduce healthcareassociated E. meningoseptica infections.
T28255 355702-355821 Sentence denotes Elimination of catheter-associated urinary tract infection: the CAUTI Bundle Ya-Ling Shih, Hsiang-Ju Chiu, Chia-Wei Yu.
T9535 355822-355890 Sentence denotes Department of Nursing, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
T35661 355891-355902 Sentence denotes Background:
T68345 355903-356138 Sentence denotes The density of catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) in the surgical intensive care unit was 4.14‰ in the 3 quarters of 2016 which was higher then Taiwan clinical performance medicating from 30 regional hospitals (2.70‰).
T35505 356139-356295 Sentence denotes Infection control unit, medical quality management center, department of medical, purchasing department were involved to be a team in order to reduce CAUTI.
T5636 356296-356304 Sentence denotes Methods:
T54166 356305-356482 Sentence denotes There were 5 implementation strategies: (1) Revising a clear standard for the insertion of a urine catheter; (2) Interdisciplinary education for CAUTI prevention and evaluation;
T8263 356483-356840 Sentence denotes (3) Embracing bundle concepts-A.B.C.D.E., A: aseptic insertion, B: bag empty regularly with an individual collection container, C: close the drainage system, D: do not use the indwelling catheter, E: early remove. (4) Using reminder system. (5) unscheduled audits to assess the members' three abilities, including: cognition, affection and technical skills.
T95236 356841-356849 Sentence denotes Results:
T72438 356850-357171 Sentence denotes Regarding these strategies, we gained three effective outcomes as follows: (1) the catheter associated urinary tract infection density reduced from 4.14‰ in the 3 quarters to 2.81‰ in the fourth quarter of 2016 (implementation period); (2) compliance and accuracy rates of proper hand-hygiene techniques increased to 90%.
T8130 357172-357229 Sentence denotes Conclusion: CAUTI density was still maintain low in SICU:
T83469 357230-357262 Sentence denotes 0‰ in the first quarter of 2017.
T75672 357263-357391 Sentence denotes An important lesson learned is that interdisciplinary team leads to improved collaboration and outcomes for critically patients.
T95535 357392-357575 Sentence denotes Furthermore, even though we each possessed the knowledge to execute our individual professional responsibilities, realizing the exceptional outcomes achieved through genuine teamwork.
T1734 357576-357810 Sentence denotes Outbreak investigation of Citrobacter koseri related urinary tract infection after bed bath Yi-Ru Hsiao 1 , Jen-Hsien Wang 2 , Ya-Wen Chang 3 , Shu-Yen Hsu 4 , Shiao-Yin Hung 5 , Hsiao-Hui Chen 6 , Chia-Yu Tsai 7 , Jui-Hsing Wang 8 *.
T47901 357811-357822 Sentence denotes Background:
T61991 357823-357897 Sentence denotes Enterobacteriae is the most important pathogen of urinary tract infection.
T66978 357898-358011 Sentence denotes It is an international serious problem as regarding the antimicrobial resistant strains in the healthcare system.
T23429 358012-358136 Sentence denotes For these, the medical personnel keep going to reduce healthcare associated urinary tract infection in medical institutions.
T28420 358137-358230 Sentence denotes Once the cluster infection develops, it is difficult to estimate the further harm and impact.
T7884 358231-358433 Sentence denotes In March 2016, Infection Control Center in our hospital found several events of urinary tract infection with Citrobacter koseri in respiratory care ward through the microbiology laboratory daily report.
T4733 358434-358524 Sentence denotes For the case number was above the mean threshold, we initiated the outbreak investigation.
T72428 358525-358533 Sentence denotes Methods:
T58685 358534-358678 Sentence denotes We collected the information according to the clinic observation, laboratory result and medical recording in the past half year retrospectively.
T69939 358679-358826 Sentence denotes Furthermore, we performed 10 items environmental test, such as ward ground, drainage hole, shifting plate,bathing bed, shared shampoo and bath gel.
T76399 358827-358835 Sentence denotes Results:
T55781 358836-359021 Sentence denotes Three urinary specimens and one blood culture in three patients with Foley catheter revealed Citrobacter koseri with similar antimicrobial susceptibility testing in Feb and March, 2016.
T94882 359022-359120 Sentence denotes Six patients with Citrobacter koseri infection from Sep, 2015 to Jan, 2016 developed sporadically.
T48233 359121-359248 Sentence denotes Besides, environmental sample culture reported Citrobacter koseri in bathing bed, shared shampoo and subpacking bath gel, also.
T29896 359249-359347 Sentence denotes Intervention of infection control measure and education for caregivers were performed immediately.
T11461 359348-359429 Sentence denotes Shampoo and bath gel without re-using of empty bottles were applied individually.
T88036 359430-359564 Sentence denotes With bathing, the drainage system of Foley catheter must be shut down temporarily to avoid the countercurrent urine related infection.
T83336 359565-359718 Sentence denotes Besides, we emphasized principle and infection control policy of respiratory care ward about equipment, environment and daily care in personnel training.
T47649 359719-359844 Sentence denotes No more Citrobacter koseri related infection was reported and followed environmental tests revealed negative result till now.
T45677 359845-359856 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T5523 359857-359962 Sentence denotes Enterobacteriae induced outbreak of urinary tract infection in the healthcare system is a notified issue.
T71308 359963-360116 Sentence denotes In this presentation, our experience about outbreak of Citrobacter koseri related urinary tract infection after bed bath was rare to be mentioned before.
T60346 360117-360198 Sentence denotes Transmission of enterobacteriae via equipment and environment should be reminded.
T59566 360199-360461 Sentence denotes Effectiveness of bundle care intervention in reducing catheterrelated urinary tract infection: sharing in a reginal hospital in Taiwan Jeng-Hua Ling 1,3 , Chia-Hung Liao 1,2 *, Pei-Chen Chen 3 , Hong-Chang Hong 2 , Li-Yue Ye 3 , Ya-Chin Lee 1 , Yu-Shiue Chen 3 .
T45341 360462-360526 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Center, 2 Department of Internal Medicine, 3
T55438 360528-360539 Sentence denotes Background:
T55966 360540-360776 Sentence denotes In the hospital, the urinary tract infection accounted for 58.82% of the healthcare-associated infection in the intensive care unit, which catheter-related urinary tract infection (CAUTI) accounted for 90%, infection density were 4.05‰.
T78557 360777-360899 Sentence denotes Literature reviews that hospitalized patients CAUTI high medical-related infections the highest, accounting for about 36%.
T78304 360900-361183 Sentence denotes According to the empirical medical literature, it can be seen that the combination of care measures can effectively reduce CAUTI, so the unit to promote the prevention of urinary tract infection combined care measures, hoping to reduce the rate, to provide high-quality medical care.
T53701 361184-361192 Sentence denotes Methods:
T88104 361193-361285 Sentence denotes Started implementation of CAUTI Care Bundle in January 2015 for all patients with catheters.
T67360 361286-361657 Sentence denotes According to the literature, five nursing measures were established: (1) Daily assessment of whether the catheter can be removed; (2) Hand hygiene should be performed when care of the catheter; (3) Daily check the catheter for fixation; (4) Confirm the catheter drainage system to maintain a closed, sterile and smooth; (5) Clean the urethra with soap or water every day.
T83386 361658-361724 Sentence denotes Use checklist daily to check whether or not all care is performed.
T51499 361725-361895 Sentence denotes Through the establishment of consensus, operational standards revision, improvement of care tools and education and training and other intervention measures to implement.
T68745 361896-361998 Sentence denotes Through the audit mechanism and CAUTI detection, the results of feedback units to discuss and improve.
T17379 361999-362007 Sentence denotes Results:
T95664 362008-362223 Sentence denotes Between January 2015 and December 2015, urinary tract infection is still the most common infection site in the intensive care unit, accounting for 57.14% (4/7), slightly lower than the intervention before the 1.68%.
T32440 362224-362397 Sentence denotes In the case of no significant difference between the date of hospitalization and the previous year, the number of indwelling catheters decreased from 2264 days to 2060 days.
T4505 362398-362434 Sentence denotes CAUTI decreased from 4.05‰ to 1.46‰.
T7704 362435-362446 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T10453 362447-362570 Sentence denotes The Care bundle is effective in reducing CAUTI while improving health care-related infections and improving patient safety.
T74408 362571-362642 Sentence denotes Enhance the intensive care unit to prevent health-associated infection.
T38095 362643-362746 Sentence denotes Tigecycline susceptibility of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates from central Taiwan Background:
T57313 362747-362875 Sentence denotes Tigecycline has a wide range of anti-bacterial spectrum, including methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS).
T92409 362876-362930 Sentence denotes Not much is known about tigecycline resistance in CNS.
T73136 362931-363014 Sentence denotes This study is aimed to exploring tigecycline resistance in CNS from central Taiwan.
T3600 363015-363023 Sentence denotes Methods:
T259 363024-363131 Sentence denotes Totally 311 isolates of CNS were collected from Central Laboratory of the Central Region Hospital Alliance.
T90999 363132-363189 Sentence denotes The speciation was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
T28899 363190-363283 Sentence denotes Tigecycline susceptibility was determined using both Vitek 2 and broth microdilution methods.
T42036 363284-363341 Sentence denotes Interpretation was done according to the EUCAST standard.
T71373 363342-363350 Sentence denotes Results:
T26858 363351-363548 Sentence denotes By gene sequencing, the most prevalent three species were found to be Staphylococcus epidermidis (108 isolates), Staphylococcus capitis (68 isolates), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (38 isolates).
T24797 363549-363659 Sentence denotes The tigecycline resistance rate using Vitek 2 and broth microdilution methods was 6.4% and 1.6%, respectively.
T17429 363660-363749 Sentence denotes The MIC consistency (within one doubling dilution) rate among the 311 isolates was 91.0%.
T91570 363750-363866 Sentence denotes The consistency rates of S. epidermidis, S. capitis, and S. haemolyticus were 90.7%, 88.2%, and 84.2%, respectively.
T13025 363867-364031 Sentence denotes In S. haemolyticus, 9 isolates (23.7%) were interpreted as susceptible using broth microdilution method, however, they were regarded as resistant by Vitek 2 method.
T50680 364032-364043 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T26096 364044-364117 Sentence denotes Tigecycline resistance toward CNS from central Taiwan was first revealed.
T23041 364118-364270 Sentence denotes The inconsistency MIC using commercial Vitek 2 method and standard broth microdilution method, especially in S. haemolyticus, deserves continuous study.
T97569 364271-364282 Sentence denotes Background:
T15421 364283-364531 Sentence denotes The goal of this performance improvement study was to evaluate the effect of a targeted intervention to decrease catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and urinary catheter utilization by implementing quality improvement initiatives.
T26925 364532-364658 Sentence denotes Methods: CAUTI rates and urinary catheter utilization between 2013 and 2016 were calculated from 4 adult intensive care units.
T21898 364659-364723 Sentence denotes The intervention study was conducted over a period of 12 months.
T29997 364724-364902 Sentence denotes During a pre-intervention phase, the base line catheter associated CAUTI incidence rates were determined and compared with the incidence rates during the post-intervention phase.
T33704 364903-364995 Sentence denotes The compliance of health care staff with urinary catheter bundle elements was also measured.
T22237 364996-365567 Sentence denotes The implemented CAUTI prevention bundle that included: setting clear expectations for indications for indwelling urinary catheter use (an indwelling catheter policy which included criteria for catheter use); catheter insertion using aseptic technique and sterile equipment; acatheter maintenance; hand hygiene; documentation of catheter placement); daily assessment of the continued need for indwelling urinary catheter by physician; audit of checklists, checking insertion procedures and reviewing with supervisors were done by a multidisciplinary team once a fortnight.
T20309 365568-365576 Sentence denotes Results:
T87431 365577-365655 Sentence denotes During the study period, 108 of the 6650 patients were diagnosed with a CAUTI.
T81019 365656-365911 Sentence denotes There was a statistically significant reduction in the rate of CAUTI in ICUs, from 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-3.1) before the intervention to 2.6 per 1,000 catheter-days (95% CI, 1.1-1.6; P <.05) after the intervention.
T42099 365912-366038 Sentence denotes The urinary catheter use rate decreased from 64.6% (95% CI, 60.9%-73.4%) at baseline to 52.2% (95% CI, 46.3%-58.1%; P = 0.09).
T50143 366039-366175 Sentence denotes The compliance rate of the ICU nurses to the bundle elements was raised to 100% during the last 6 months of the post intervention phase.
T68387 366176-366187 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T36366 366188-366334 Sentence denotes Increased compliance to recommended catheter associated urinary tract infections preventive practices reduced the incidence of CAUTI in ICU units.
T94068 366335-366417 Sentence denotes It is simple and effective and is recommended as a part of patient safety culture.
T40849 366418-366697 Sentence denotes Screening and analysis of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) in patients from long-term care facility in Taiwan: experience in a community hospital in southern Taiwan Hsaio-jung Huang 1 , You-yu Shen 1 , Ying-ling Chen 2 , Tzu-Chieh Weng 2 , Han-siong Toh 2 , Ping-Yu Chen 1 .
T76198 366698-366768 Sentence denotes 1 Chi Mei Medical Center, Chiali, 2 Chi Mei Medical Center Background:
T5439 366769-366844 Sentence denotes More than 40% of patients in our hospital are from long-term care facility.
T5213 366845-366937 Sentence denotes These patients have higher possibilities of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) infection.
T11084 366938-367024 Sentence denotes It is commonly detected during admisssion period, and its culture periond is 3∼5 days.
T18763 367025-367194 Sentence denotes In order to early detect these special organism and strain early intervention including contact isolation, we started routine screening of MDRO in our hospital from Jan.
T65824 367195-367206 Sentence denotes 1st to Dec.
T46748 367207-367218 Sentence denotes 31th, 2016.
T46570 367219-367227 Sentence denotes Methods:
T77489 367228-367329 Sentence denotes We assessed all our inpatients on the admission day for the risk of multiple drug-resistant bacteria.
T56140 367330-367559 Sentence denotes For those who from long-term care facility and hospitalized history in six month, we did routine rectal swab with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) medium and urine culture.
T31282 367560-367637 Sentence denotes We also performed preventive contact isolation on the first day of admission.
T12885 367638-367716 Sentence denotes Laboratory staff received the sample and repored according to 2015 CLSI norms.
T10315 367717-367728 Sentence denotes Background:
T46173 367729-367787 Sentence denotes Both measles and rubella are vaccine-preventable diseases.
T56405 367788-367953 Sentence denotes According to the guideline of Taiwan CDC for healthcare workers (HCWs), we aimed to evaluate the boost efficacy of 1-dose or 2-doses of MMR vaccine among young HCWs.
T24736 367954-367962 Sentence denotes Methods:
T78160 367963-367972 Sentence denotes From Jan.
T32858 367973-367985 Sentence denotes 2016 to Dec.
T48058 367986-368103 Sentence denotes 2016, the elegible individuals included new junior staffs and interns working in the hospital for at least one month.
T95039 368104-368310 Sentence denotes For anti-measles virus-IgG, VIDAS ® Measles IgG test kit (bioMérieux) was used, and the results were read by mini VIDAS ® immunoanalyzer (bioMérieux) and were expressed as negative, equivocal, and positive.
T71973 368311-368419 Sentence denotes For anti-rubella virus-IgG, Elecsys Rubella IgG test kits (Roche) was used on Cobas ® 6000 analyzer (Roche).
T25530 368420-368476 Sentence denotes The results were expressed as non-reactive and reactive.
T6538 368477-368575 Sentence denotes Second or third measurement of serum antibodies were performed at one month after MMR vaccination.
T41560 368576-368779 Sentence denotes At their discretion of the staffs, one or two doses of MMR vaccines at one month interval were freely provided only for the staffs with negative/equivocal or non-reactive results of serum IgG antibodies.
T97659 368780-368788 Sentence denotes Results:
T55929 368789-368878 Sentence denotes A total of 1,291 and 1,430 individuals were tested for measles and rubella, respectively.
T80621 368879-369020 Sentence denotes At baseline, the positive rate of anti-measles or -rubella IgG was 69.5% or 83.9% in interns, and 57.9% or 94.3% in the staffs, respectively.
T2338 369021-369142 Sentence denotes The number of junior staffs tested requiring vaccination was 418/993 (42.1%) for measles and 65/1,132 (5.7%) for rubella.
T3170 369143-369248 Sentence denotes Among the vaccinated staffs, 225/269 (83.6%) had seroconversion for measles after the first dose vaccine.
T67257 369249-369346 Sentence denotes Among 28 staffs receiving the second vaccine, there were additional seroconversion in 15 (53.6%).
T7341 369347-369525 Sentence denotes Among 19 seronegative staffs vaccined for rubella, 18 (94.7%) had seroconversion after the first vaccine, and among the latter one remained seronegative after the second vaccine.
T72147 369526-369537 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T34986 369538-369787 Sentence denotes Our results suggested 42% and 6% of the junior staffs need MMR vaccination for inadequate serum IgG titers to measles and rubella virus, and after one dose of MMR vaccine, 84% and 95% of the vaccinees exhibited seroconversion to measles and rubella.
T30049 369788-369947 Sentence denotes To prevent the occurrence of measles or rubella among young hospital staffs during patient care, MMR vaccination should be advised for the seronegative staffs.
T63112 369948-370063 Sentence denotes The improvement project of scabies infection in a regional teaching hospital Meng-Chuan Lu, Hui-ju Hu, Hsiu-Wen Yu.
T56483 370064-370114 Sentence denotes Infection Control Department, Cheng Ching Hospital
T13095 370115-370126 Sentence denotes Background:
T58258 370127-370268 Sentence denotes There are three nurses and one caretaker suffered from itchy skin continually between 12 January and 16 January, 2016 in our 3F medical ward.
T47801 370269-370504 Sentence denotes Our infection control department investigated it and found that one nursing staff, one caretaker and one patient were diagnosed as scabies infection, we assumed that they were infected by a patient who was transfered from nursing home.
T22451 370505-370637 Sentence denotes The patient had thick black crust in his two fingers and two lower limbs when he was admitted to our hospital since 1 January, 2016.
T98234 370638-370759 Sentence denotes We consulted the dermatologist, he was diagnosed as subacute dermatitis and contact isolation was implemented thereafter.
T58708 370760-370825 Sentence denotes He was referred to other hospital and then scabies was diagnosed.
T38749 370826-370834 Sentence denotes Methods:
T84687 370835-371024 Sentence denotes The spread of scabies clusters were due to delayed diagnosis and contact isolation (No wearing a protective clothing when contact with the patient, not using of personal medical equipment).
T72073 371025-371381 Sentence denotes The infection control department implemented the following strategies: (1) Organizing the education and training of scabies. (2) Formulate the rules of those patients who were transferred from nursing home should implement contact isolation, and the skin should be checked such as: fingers, palms, wrist, armpit, hip, around the navel, genitourinary parts.
T56755 371382-371706 Sentence denotes If any abnormality are found we should consult the dermatologist. (3) Set up the computer information system to order the contact isolation according to the diagnostic code and medication of scabies. (4) Use personal sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. (5) Make sure cleaning and disinfection of the equipment and environment.
T97944 371707-371715 Sentence denotes Results:
T61675 371716-371980 Sentence denotes Long-term care institutions patients are at the high risk of scabies infection, and the symptoms are often atypical, and caused medical staff easy to ignore the isolation measures and resulted in outbreak, and also increases the risk of infection in medical staff.
T72409 371981-372227 Sentence denotes In order to reduce the spread of scabies, the implementation of longterm care institutions patients with contact isolation on his own initiative and skin assessment is very important, and the setting of information reminding system can also help.
T96137 372228-372462 Sentence denotes Following the implementation of the above measures, tracking the incidence of scabies in the medical ward of the third floor from February 2016 to April 2017, and we found no spread of scabies, showing that the strategy was effective.
T91754 372463-372599 Sentence denotes Experience report on surveillance of vancomycin-resistant enterococci Lin-Hui Chao 1 *, Ya-Wen Chang 1 , I-Ling Chen 2 , Ing-Kit Lee 3 .
T12139 372600-372611 Sentence denotes Background:
T62667 372612-372719 Sentence denotes Hospitals use many strategies to control nosocomial transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).
T69106 372720-372987 Sentence denotes Strategies include "passive surveillance," with isolation of patients with known previous or current VRE colonization or infection, and "active surveillance," which uses admission cultures, with subsequent isolation of patients who are found to be colonized with VRE.
T76997 372988-373149 Sentence denotes To study epidemiologic features of and risk factors for intestinal colonization and infection by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in hospitalized patients.
T23814 373150-373158 Sentence denotes Methods:
T46257 373159-373262 Sentence denotes We analyzed surveillance data from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016 in a center where VRE is endemic.
T81256 373263-373347 Sentence denotes All clinically significant enterococci were tested for susceptibility to vancomycin.
T3982 373348-373432 Sentence denotes All intensive care unit admissions were screened on admission and weekly thereafter.
T4832 373433-373684 Sentence denotes Interventions included isolating/ cohorting VRE patients, monthly prevalence surveys of VRE patients, the introduction of an electronic alert system, programmes to improve hand and environmental hygiene, and the appointment of an antibiotic Physician.
T44329 373685-373693 Sentence denotes Results:
T43024 373694-373906 Sentence denotes In the sample of 264 patients investigated, 11.7% of patients had positive VRE while in the performance of periodic surveillance directed at patients at risk (193 cases), 8.08% showed positive result for the VRE.
T10478 373907-373968 Sentence denotes 11.0% out of 161 VRE colonized patients developed BSI by VRE.
T89630 373969-374020 Sentence denotes 43.9% had central venous catheter inserted as well.
T55624 374021-374144 Sentence denotes Most patients had one or more of the known risk factors associated with colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
T21129 374145-374236 Sentence denotes 94.7% of the patients received antibiotics during the study, and 15.2% received vancomycin.
T14988 374237-374249 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T88782 374250-374340 Sentence denotes Colonization by VRE was mostly endemic and the colonized patients were not often infected.
T29354 374341-374459 Sentence denotes However, when clustered cases of colonization occurred, they were then associated with an increased rate of infection.
T95937 374460-374626 Sentence denotes Routine surveillance for VRE together with other measures can control VRE infection and colonization, even where VRE is endemic, and where facilities are constrained.
T68375 374627-374781 Sentence denotes Evidence of colonization of patient's means it can be empirical precaution and thus provide patient safety by minimizing the risk of nosocomial infection.
T90637 374782-374956 Sentence denotes Influenza A outbreak investigation and control measures of regional teaching hospital Chun-Hua Chung 1 , Ya-Chi Li 1 , Ya-Fang Wang 1 , Yung-Ching Liu 2 , Wen-Chuan Lin 1,3 .
T84110 374957-375161 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control office, 2 Division of infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, 3 Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Background:
T78344 375162-375278 Sentence denotes In November year 2016, an outbreak caused by influenza A occurred in the nursing home of regional teaching hospital.
T57555 375279-375378 Sentence denotes Ninety residents of a total of Twenty four residents of respiratory symptoms, with fever and cough.
T32065 375379-375410 Sentence denotes Clinical attack rate was 26.7%.
T26486 375411-375419 Sentence denotes Methods:
T18220 375420-375529 Sentence denotes Among 10 residents with flu symptoms, eight were laboratory-confirmed influenza A with rapid antigen testing.
T80883 375530-375690 Sentence denotes Influenza virus chain reaction with polymerase nucleic acid detection (Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR) and virus isolation and culture.
T86582 375691-375871 Sentence denotes At the same time the application of epidemiological methods: to investigate, to collect suspected cases, to determine the clinical epidemiological data for analysis and monitoring.
T25639 375872-375880 Sentence denotes Results:
T79867 375881-375967 Sentence denotes Influenza A H3 was confirmed among 4 patients, only one was confirmed with swine H1N1.
T34266 375968-376061 Sentence denotes Confirmed that the pathogenesis of respiratory tract infection incident is Influenza A virus.
T79672 376062-376171 Sentence denotes Immediately take care of patients with strict infection control measures, the epidemic soon to be controlled.
T82924 376172-376183 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T73205 376184-376423 Sentence denotes Strict infection control measures were applied including isolation of infective resident, early rapid test for those with flu symptoms, using mask for all our staff and family members and reinforce hand washing and environmental cleansing.
T17946 376424-376475 Sentence denotes Effective chemoprophylaxis was given for all staff.
T91371 376476-376570 Sentence denotes To lessen the impact of this infection, very strict infection control measures should be done.
T77033 376571-376613 Sentence denotes No more new case reported by 9th November.
T80324 376614-376799 Sentence denotes Intervention programs for healthcare-associated infections control in a teaching hospital in Taiwan (from 2011 to 2016) Frank Lien 1 , Yu-Hong Tsai 1 , Wan-Ling Tai 2 , Lin-Lin Pan 1 *.
T50805 376800-376811 Sentence denotes Background:
T89158 376812-376928 Sentence denotes According to WHO's report, healthcare associated infections (HAIs) is the most frequent adverse event in healthcare.
T14383 376929-377059 Sentence denotes Previous studies also showed HAIs results in prolonged hospital stays, increased medical cost, and leads to significant mortality.
T26246 377060-377068 Sentence denotes Methods:
T45767 377069-377164 Sentence denotes Cases meeting the CDC's criteria of HAIs are categorized and included into surveillance system.
T52699 377165-377309 Sentence denotes Interventions for infection control was implemented including HAI related staff education, internal auditing and antibiotic stewardship program.
T50207 377310-377497 Sentence denotes Of all infection control methods, hand hygiene remains one of the most fundamental and critical part, thus hand hygiene compliance rate was set as threshold and monitored for improvement.
T56271 377498-377687 Sentence denotes Data of HAIs and internal auditing of hand hygiene at Chiayi Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, a regional teaching hospital of southern Taiwan, between 2011 and 2016 was collected and analyzed.
T96331 377688-377860 Sentence denotes Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between hand hygiene compliance rate, and overall and ICUs' HAIs incidence per thousand inpatient-days.
T32597 377861-377936 Sentence denotes Linear regression method was adopted to reveal the trend of the HAIs' rate.
T24149 377937-378000 Sentence denotes Trend analysis is based on the slope of regression trend lines.
T24893 378001-378009 Sentence denotes Results:
T1296 378010-378123 Sentence denotes Slopes for overall inpatient and ICU inpatient HAIs are −0.018 (R 2 = 0.65) and −0.201(R 2 = 0.72), respectively.
T41423 378124-378214 Sentence denotes Results show over the period of time (from 2011 to 2016), ICUs HAIs has declined markedly.
T86699 378215-378313 Sentence denotes During 2016, the overall and ICU HAIs per thousand patients-day are 1.38‰ and 4.52‰, respectively.
T58133 378314-378520 Sentence denotes Using our linear regression model, the average of first 4 months of 2017, overall and ICU HAI rates will be approximately 1.37‰ and 4.45‰, showing large portion of HAI reduction will be contributed by ICUs.
T12432 378521-378632 Sentence denotes Preliminary data of first 4 months of 2017 showed, overall and ICU HAI rates are 1.43‰ and 3.43‰, respectively.
T75721 378633-378836 Sentence denotes Such result showed HAI rate has an overall slight increase (0.05‰) and a markedly decrease in ICU (1.02‰) in the first four month of 2017, which is compatible to our assumption based on prediction model.
T45636 378837-379027 Sentence denotes Pearson correlation showed hand hygiene compliance rate has significantly strong correlation with ICU HAI rate (r = −0.843, p = 0.035), but not with overall HAI rate (r = −0.532, p = 0.277).
T86437 379028-379039 Sentence denotes Background:
T35879 379040-379238 Sentence denotes Blood culture contamination (BCC) results in not only increased workload on lab staffs but overuse and abuse of antibiotics, which causes a raised cost, prolong hospital stay, and invalid treatment.
T46034 379239-379288 Sentence denotes Therefore, decreasing BCC rate is very important.
T13827 379289-379442 Sentence denotes During 2015-2016, ICU in a regional teaching hospital in midland of Taiwan showed average BCC rate was 14.9-18.1%, much higher than threshold value (3%).
T17389 379443-379620 Sentence denotes The infection control team had inspected the procedure of blood sample collection and found 3 improper operation procedures as the followings: (1) hand hygiene, to (4.17∼4.76%).
T27026 379621-379632 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T37129 379633-379920 Sentence denotes Although the BCC improvement program did not reduce the BCC rate to be below 3%, yet the use of 2% CHG to execute skin disinfection did decrease the BCC rate, shorten the waiting time of skin disinfection, increase working efficiency of medical staffs, and elevate quality of healthcare.
T77105 379921-380077 Sentence denotes Improve the quality of Ventilator associated pneumonia bundle unit by means of team cooperation Hsiao-Shan Chen 1 , Hung-Jen Tang 1,2,3 , Iig-Ling Chen 1 *.
T25203 380078-380089 Sentence denotes Background:
T55000 380090-380211 Sentence denotes With the innovation and progress of medical technology, invasive devices are also important factors related to infection.
T14850 380212-380310 Sentence denotes In the intensive care unit, respirator-associated pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death.
T29497 380311-380488 Sentence denotes Reference to the Taiwan Clinical Performance Indicator (TCPI), The incidence of respiratorassociated pneumonia in the intensive care unit was slightly higher than that of peers.
T88832 380489-380574 Sentence denotes Combined with the prevention of respiratoryrelated pneumonia infection combined care.
T30386 380575-380711 Sentence denotes Improve the quality of combined care and reduce the rate of respiratory-related pneumonia infection in a team-based mode of cooperation.
T65159 380712-380720 Sentence denotes Methods:
T83034 380721-380904 Sentence denotes The hospital in June 2015 to December 2016, In the intensive care unit to use the prevention of breathing apparatusrelated pneumonia combined care -checklist a total of five projects:
T14884 380905-381174 Sentence denotes (1) Daily out of respirator assessment, (2) Daily suspension of sedatives, (3) At least 2 times a day with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate gel for oral care, (4) Bed head raised 30-45°, (5) Drain the ventilator pipe apply to patients who use respirators for clinical care.
T87067 381175-381183 Sentence denotes Results:
T44331 381184-381366 Sentence denotes The correct rate of combination of respirator-associated pneumonia infections between June 2015 and March 2016 is increasing, from 75% to 100%, infection rate decreased by about 43%.
T81438 381367-381674 Sentence denotes After the implementation of the respiratory tract although the number of days is not reduced, But the number of cases of infection was reduced from an average of 2.25 cases per quarter to an average of 1 per quarter (22% reduction), after the implementation of VAP Bundle, about 8 cases of VAP were reduced.
T54173 381675-381822 Sentence denotes It can be seen that the correct rate of combination of respirator-associated pneumonia infection is associated with a decrease in respiratory rate.
T47756 381823-382098 Sentence denotes Conclusion: "VAP Bundle implementation" of the team to establish the need for cross-departmental staff common participation and cooperation, to educate people to correct the correct training, establishment of staff attention and identity, and then willing to put into action.
T45796 382099-382348 Sentence denotes Regularly provide the implementation of respirator-associated pneumonia infection combination of correct rate and respiratory-related pneumonia infection rate and other relevant information, feedback to the implementation unit for continuity review.
T78300 382349-382526 Sentence denotes Effect of the implemention of multidimentional infection control measures on healthcare associated infections in an intensive care unit Ya-Ling Lee, Chiung-Hui Ho, Tzu-Ting Kuo.
T90443 382527-382578 Sentence denotes Infection Control Office, Da Chien General Hospital
T72565 382579-382590 Sentence denotes Background:
T49831 382591-382778 Sentence denotes There was an outbreak of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoinae (CRKP) in our intensive care unit (ICU) for that multi-faceted interventions were implemented in two stages since 2015.
T95302 382779-382929 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that the infection control response may have had a secondary benefit of reducing incidence of healthcare associated infections (HAIs).
T26984 382930-382938 Sentence denotes Methods:
T79036 382939-383114 Sentence denotes We implemented first stage of infection control measures since October 2015 including complete terminal disinfection and cohort isolation of patients with CRKP or CRPA or VRE.
T82012 383115-383332 Sentence denotes Second stage of interventions started since April 2016 and comprised applying chlorhexidine (CHG) bathing to patients in ICU as well as finding and disinfection or eradication of niduses from which MDRO were cultured.
T38130 383333-383510 Sentence denotes The items of niduses discovered were feeding cups and plastic baskets belonging to individual bed but not individual patient, working tables of nurses, and two communal bedpans.
T47667 383511-383800 Sentence denotes We analyzed data retrospectively from a prospective infection control database since May 2015 at the ICU of 41 beds and calculated the monthly trends of HAIs before and after two stages of infection control measures in ICU after adjusting the effects of hand hygiene and antibiotics usage.
T26902 383801-383899 Sentence denotes In order to assess the changes of HAIs in 3 periods, we used the generalized additive model (GAM).
T73917 383900-384044 Sentence denotes The fixed effects were period, time ( per 1 month), DID, the compliance and the accuracy of hand washing, and the random effect was period*time.
T26277 384045-384109 Sentence denotes The random effect showed the change of HAIs after interventions.
T92184 384110-384118 Sentence denotes Results:
T96118 384119-384243 Sentence denotes After implementation, the trend of UTI showed reversely downward although the trend of HAP was as same as before ( Figure) .
T64949 384244-384363 Sentence denotes There was a significant reduction trend in UTI after second stage of interventions (RR 0.48, 95%CI 0.23-0.99) (Table) .
T99692 384364-384372 Sentence denotes Results:
T1658 384373-384609 Sentence denotes There were 53 patients infected with CRE, whose specimens including sputum (n = 18), urine (n = 13), wound (n = 9), ascites (n = 2), line (n = 2), bile (n = 1), and blood (n = 8 The group had 19% non-compliance in hand microbial counts.
T60456 384610-384691 Sentence denotes 15% of the acceptable group had microbial load close to the upper limit (>10 6 ).
T62853 384692-384853 Sentence denotes Observation revealed they all did not have thorough scrubbing during HH but most of them achieved 90% or above reduction of bacterial load after using sanitizer.
T49964 384854-384935 Sentence denotes All participants used <40 seconds in hand washing (WHO recommends 40-60 seconds).
T296 384936-385010 Sentence denotes Over 50% reported washing their hands only when observable dirt was found.
T88825 385011-385151 Sentence denotes Cohort at the most crowded location had the highest microbial count per individual but lowest incidence and counts of Staphylococcus aureus.
T22539 385152-385254 Sentence denotes MRSA isolates were found in 4 participants before HH but they were all removed after use of sanitizer.
T35301 385255-385286 Sentence denotes Coliform counts were compliant.
T98817 385287-385328 Sentence denotes Yeast and mould count was relatively low.
T69477 385329-385406 Sentence denotes 80% of them claimed that their employment agencies provided hygiene training.
T3873 385407-385514 Sentence denotes Discussion revealed that they all welcome further enhancement in hygiene knowledge and on the job training.
T51944 385515-385526 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T92348 385527-385590 Sentence denotes Domestic helpers require enhanced supports on hygiene training.
T43855 385591-385646 Sentence denotes Special attention should be given on infection control.
T28079 385647-385729 Sentence denotes Carriers could have the risk of spreading MRSA/resistant species in the community.
T57593 385730-385784 Sentence denotes On-the-job training for Domestic helpers is desirable.
T53954 385785-385965 Sentence denotes Improve the quality of self-made ice consumption of the number of bacteria to improve the quality of the project Yi-Chia Chen 1 *, Yu-Hsiu Lin 1 , Yee-Huang Ku 1 , Jyh-Jou Chen 2 .
T94283 385966-386033 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Center, 2 Intensive Care Department of Medicine
T52866 386034-386045 Sentence denotes Background:
T29756 386046-386144 Sentence denotes The hospital has a Western restaurant and Chi Mei coffee food sales, all use self-made edible ice.
T9749 386145-386454 Sentence denotes October 2014 to January 2016 Chi Mei coffee homemade edible ice number of bacteria were more than the standard test, in addition to the temporary suspension of the use of the number of additional raw bacteria to meet the ice, but also continue to explore the reasons, but the improvement measures are invalid.
T24984 386455-386463 Sentence denotes Methods:
T68954 386464-387246 Sentence denotes March 2016 by the nutrition department, infection control center, safety and health room, public affairs room, jade meal company to improve the project team, through the "characteristics of the map" and "true verification" and other quality management practices and tools, establish five issues and set the target pass rate of 100%, and to develop improvement measures (1) the development of equipment, equipment, cleaning and disinfection norms, check the mechanism and training methods, (2) formulate the standard of inspection and operation standards, check the mechanism and training methods, (3) formulate inspection standard operating rules, check the mechanism and training methods, 4. update of water quality filtration equipment, through the above four measures to improve.
T73413 387247-387255 Sentence denotes Results:
T49722 387256-387335 Sentence denotes Since March 2016 intervention to improve, until September 2016 pass rate of 0%.
T36688 387336-387586 Sentence denotes But completed the development of three standard operating manual, and continued in accordance with the standard implementation of the implementation process, October 2016 to November 2016 to achieve self-made consumption of ice 100% pass rate target.
T80175 387587-387809 Sentence denotes But, From December 2016 to January 2017, the number of bacteria and more than the standard(100 cfu/ mL), may be due to lack of ice machine pipeline sterilization equipment and ice machine surrounding environment pollution.
T45622 387810-388096 Sentence denotes So the development of countermeasures: (1) Regular cleaning of the ice machine's surroundings (once a month) and (2) ice machine lines use ozone (once a month) and disinfectant (once a quarter) sterilization, Finally, in February 2017 to April 2017 monitoring results pass rate of 100%.
T81519 388097-388287 Sentence denotes The hospital provides safe food for the staff and the public, use teamwork to develop a standard operating process and check for the extent to which the problem and the staff can be matched.
T35508 388288-388435 Sentence denotes Therefore, we will continue to monitor the number of bacteria, and to assess the increase in E. coli flora test, to ensure food safety and hygiene.
T39472 388436-388620 Sentence denotes To explore the practical utility of chlorhexidine gel in clinical care unit Shu-Yuan Kuo 1 *, Yu-Hsiu Lin 1 , Yee Huangku 1 , Pak-On Leung 2 , Mei-Fe Sie 3 , Jyh-Jou Chen 4 Conclusion:
T34044 388621-388730 Sentence denotes We concluded that in addition to early ART, safe sex education should be enhanced in HIV prevention campaign.
T58423 388731-388845 Sentence denotes Evidence-based assessment of mortality of patients infected with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP)
T14479 388846-388857 Sentence denotes Background:
T40529 388858-389032 Sentence denotes Carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) has aroused widespread attention due to its very limited therapeutic options, and in recent years this strain has increased rapidly.
T65346 389033-389178 Sentence denotes Though it seems inferable that drug resistance is associated with higher mortality in general, but some other studies found no such relationship.
T29830 389179-389452 Sentence denotes We utilize EBM methods to obtain and critically appraised best evidence to estimate mortality of patients infected with CRKP in general and analyze factors for mortality of this infection, for awaking to awareness of infection control and working out preventive strategies.
T4553 389453-389461 Sentence denotes Methods:
T15579 389462-389472 Sentence denotes The terms:
T58388 389473-389677 Sentence denotes Carbapenem, Klebsiella pneumoniae, CRKP, motality, and associated synonyms were combined with Boolean characters (AND, OR) to formulate as keyword to search Cochrane Library, PubMed and C.E.P.S databases.
T33310 389678-389822 Sentence denotes No relevant systematic review (SR) or trials were found in Cochrane and C.E.P.; In PubMed, Three SRs were filtered out of 126 searching results.
T85189 389823-389957 Sentence denotes The titles and abstracts of 3 SRs were subsequently reviewed and one latest 2017 SR/meta-analysis was selected for critical appraisal.
T20455 389958-390248 Sentence denotes We analyzed data retrospectively from a prospective infection control database since May 2015 at the ICU of 41 beds and calculated the monthly trends of MDROs before and after two stages of infection control measures in ICU after adjusting the effects of hand hygiene and antibiotics usage.
T53699 390249-390348 Sentence denotes In order to assess the changes of MDROs in 3 periods, we used the generalized additive model (GAM).
T94173 390349-390493 Sentence denotes The fixed effects were period, time ( per 1 month), DID, the compliance and the accuracy of hand washing, and the random effect was period*time.
T64193 390494-390559 Sentence denotes The random effect showed the change of MDROs after interventions.
T12202 390560-390568 Sentence denotes Results:
T65283 390569-390722 Sentence denotes The changes of the four MDROs were subtle in period 1 (baseline, before interventions) and still non-significant in periods after interventions (Table) .
T61811 390723-390793 Sentence denotes The fixed effects of hand hygiene and DID were either non-significant.
T35356 390794-390805 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T1960 390806-390950 Sentence denotes Although our CRKP outbreak was controlled by these infection control measures, the trends of previously stationary MDROs did not change as well.
T62494 390951-391104 Sentence denotes Pulmonary tuberculosis in cancer patients at a medical center in northern Taiwan Chi-Lan Kao 1 , Yen-Ping Tsai 2 , Hsin-Yen Chen 1 , Wan-Tsui Huang 1,3 .
T55093 391105-391116 Sentence denotes Background:
T81509 391117-391188 Sentence denotes Pulmonary tuberculosis and cancer are two major public health problems.
T89925 391189-391275 Sentence denotes The association between pulmonary tuberculosis and cancer is interesting and distinct.
T60428 391276-391349 Sentence denotes Cancer is a known risk factor for the development of active tuberculosis.
T7175 391350-391468 Sentence denotes This retrospective study aims to investigate the characteristics of active tuberculosis in cancer at a medical center.
T51446 391469-391477 Sentence denotes Methods:
T72165 391478-391609 Sentence denotes Data of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were retrieved from the electronic medical records from January 2012 to December 2016.
T75532 391610-391794 Sentence denotes Pulmonary tuberculosis documented with microbiologically Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was defined when sputum were found to be positive by culture or polymerase chain reaction.
T47026 391795-391924 Sentence denotes The study was emphasis on patient characteristics, cancer type, and the development of pulmonary tuberculosis in cancer patients.
T80808 391925-391933 Sentence denotes Results:
T14816 391934-392018 Sentence denotes There were 29 cancer patients with pulmonary tuberculosis during the period studied.
T52891 392019-392056 Sentence denotes Twenty-one patients (72.4%) were men.
T49009 392057-392106 Sentence denotes The median age was 68 years (range, 47-92 years).
T24776 392107-392150 Sentence denotes Twenty patients had one solid-organ tumors.
T21434 392151-392227 Sentence denotes The most common site for underlying malignancy was lung (6 patients, 20.7%).
T65728 392228-392277 Sentence denotes Two patients had two kinds of solid-organ tumors.
T62649 392278-392361 Sentence denotes One patient had gastric cancer, oral and tongue cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia.
T18566 392362-392396 Sentence denotes Four patients had B-cell lymphoma.
T218 392397-392429 Sentence denotes One patient had T-cell lymphoma.
T33363 392430-392463 Sentence denotes One patient had multiple myeloma.
T37326 392464-392569 Sentence denotes The pulmonary tuberculosis was developed in 5 patients (17.2%) within 30 days of the diagnosis of cancer.
T86108 392570-392654 Sentence denotes Pulmonary tuberculosis was developed during chemotherapy in only 3 patients (10.3%).
T11151 392655-392666 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T1810 392667-392775 Sentence denotes As a result, physicians should be aware of the risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis in cancer patients.
T77010 392776-392889 Sentence denotes investigate the influence of antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery and effect of probiotics on the gut microbiome.
T40383 392890-392898 Sentence denotes Methods:
T10624 392899-392999 Sentence denotes The patients who underwent spine surgery between July and December 2016 were included in this study.
T91976 393000-393209 Sentence denotes Twenty patients were classified into two groups according to permuted block method: control (n = 10) and postoperative administration of drugresistant lactic acid bacteria for 5 days (treatment group, n = 10).
T78544 393210-393279 Sentence denotes The patients received surgery and antimicrobial prophylaxis as usual.
T9313 393280-393369 Sentence denotes The feces of the patients were sampled at preoperation, postoperative day (POD) 5 and 10.
T24175 393370-393454 Sentence denotes The gut microbiome were analyzed by using Ion-PGM system and CLC genomics workbench.
T24212 393455-393463 Sentence denotes Results:
T16021 393464-393628 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences between control and treatment groups in the basic characteristics, such as age, gender, underlying diseases and surgical site.
T33858 393629-393875 Sentence denotes The antimicrobial agents at perioperative period in the control group were cefazolin (CEZ) (n = 8), clindamycin (n = 1) and combination of CEZ and vancomycin (VAN). those in treatment group were CEZ (n = 8) and combination of CEZ and VAN (n = 2).
T67979 393876-393983 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences in antimicrobial agents and administration period between two groups.
T24244 393984-394045 Sentence denotes In the control group, two patients showed soft stool at POD5.
T45589 394046-394196 Sentence denotes The mean number of (operational taxonomic units) OTUs at preoperation, POD5 and 10 in the control group were 487, 370 and 418, respectively (Fig. 1) .
T31278 394197-394312 Sentence denotes The number of OTUs in the control group was significantly decreased in POD5, compared with preoperation (P < 0.05).
T7451 394313-394409 Sentence denotes The mean number of OTUs in the treatment group were 490, 423 and 439, respectively ( Figure 1 ).
T80452 394410-394469 Sentence denotes The changes of the gut microbiome were showed in Figure 2 .
T81573 394470-394620 Sentence denotes In PERMANOVA analysis (weighted UniFrac), the composition of the gut microbiome in POD10 was significantly different between both groups ( p = 0.012).
T24095 394621-394632 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T48901 394633-394758 Sentence denotes The gut microbiome was influenced by the antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery, and the probiotics might reduce the influence.
T6004 394759-394906 Sentence denotes Evidence-based efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy Yi-Ching Huang 1 , Yuan-Hsin Chu 2 .
T22112 394907-395008 Sentence denotes 1 Division of Infectious Disease, Jen-Ai Hospital, 2 Department of Infection Control, Jen-Ai Hospital
T58613 395009-395020 Sentence denotes Background:
T11798 395021-395169 Sentence denotes Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy may result in surgical site infections (SSI), which may increase length of hospital stay and healthcare costs.
T97966 395170-395353 Sentence denotes Antibiotic prophylaxis in the form of a single dose of cephalosporin is still administered before the skin incision in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in many clinical settings.
T1785 395354-395491 Sentence denotes There has been a controversy over the use of routine antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
T58351 395492-395687 Sentence denotes We apply EBM methods to search systematically analyzed evidence to evaluate the safety and efficacy of routine antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
T32719 395688-395696 Sentence denotes Methods:
T36323 395697-395955 Sentence denotes The terms elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Antibiotic prophylaxis, surgical site infections and the synonyms were used to formulate a PICO and were engaged as keywords to search Cochrane Library, and PubMed to filter systematic review (SR) in priority.
T28515 395956-396081 Sentence denotes One relevant 2016 SR (and meta-analysis) was included out of 33 searching results in PubMed afterward for critical appraisal.
T41215 396082-396090 Sentence denotes Results:
T23361 396091-396131 Sentence denotes The SR included 21 RCTs (5207 patients).
T87024 396132-396500 Sentence denotes Antibiotic prophylaxis decreased the incidence of surgical site infections [risk ratio (RR) 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45 to 0.82, P = 0.001) and global infections (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.79, P = 0.001) during hospitalization or after discharge, and postoperative length of hospital stay (weighted mean difference −0.16 (95% CI −0.28 to −0.04, P = 0.008).
T69518 396501-396533 Sentence denotes No adverse events were reported.
T17523 396534-396859 Sentence denotes Subgroup analyses revealed that two doses of antibiotic and 3-10 doses of antibiotic significantly reduced the incidence of surgical site infections compared with placebo or no antibiotics (two doses: RR 0.16, 95% CI 0.06-0.47; 3-10 doses: RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.27-0.80), while a single dose of antibiotic administration did not.
T35785 396860-396871 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T32589 396872-397150 Sentence denotes Antibiotic prophylaxis is safe and effective in decreasing the incidence of surgical site infections and global infections during hospitalization or after discharge, and postoperative length of hospital stay in low-risk patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
T23400 397151-397245 Sentence denotes Two or more doses of antibiotic prophylaxis should be recommended for such patients (Level 1).
T45141 397246-397373 Sentence denotes To reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection in psychiatric patients in a regional teaching hospital experience
T96078 397375-397413 Sentence denotes (ICN) and timely reminders were given.
T24421 397414-397416 Sentence denotes 4.
T45456 397417-397484 Sentence denotes We cohort care the patients with upper respiratory tract infection.
T91476 397485-397487 Sentence denotes 5.
T2532 397488-397588 Sentence denotes We increased the frequency of inter-patient environment cleaning including bed, dining table, chair.
T28267 397589-397651 Sentence denotes After these interventions, this event was stop on June 24 th .
T55021 397652-397663 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T95616 397664-397758 Sentence denotes Since the influenza is transmission by droplet and contact especially in psychiatric patients.
T92051 397759-397816 Sentence denotes They always share their food or can't control themselves.
T72543 397817-397931 Sentence denotes So the healthcare workers need more alertness to patients and inform the message to infection section immediately.
T39218 397932-398203 Sentence denotes Prognostic factors of healthcare-associated bloodstream infection in adult patients older than 40 years Hsuan-Yin Ma 1 , I-Chen Hung 2 , Ya-Huei Huang 2 , Ying-Ying Chang 2 , Wang-Huei Sheng 2,3 , Jann-Tay Wang 2,3 , Wei-Chu Chie 4,5 , Jen-pei Liu 6 , Yee-Chun Chen 2,3 .
T60628 398204-398656 Sentence denotes 1 Derchen Women and Children Hospital, Kaoshiung, Taiwan, 2 Infection Control Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, 3 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, 4 Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, 5 School of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 6 Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
T99089 398657-398668 Sentence denotes Background:
T59754 398669-398814 Sentence denotes Healthcare-associated bloodstream infection (HABSI) may worsen clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients, especially in geriatric population.
T66273 398815-398922 Sentence denotes We aim to known the characteristic and search the prognostic factors regarding HABSI of geriatric patients.
T57905 398923-398931 Sentence denotes Methods:
T85554 398932-399139 Sentence denotes The demographic characteristics, comorbids, laboratory data and 30-day mortality after HABSI from electronic chart records between January and December 2014 at a medical center were reviewed retrospectively.
T26882 399140-399285 Sentence denotes Differences of demographic characteristics and outcomes between the middle aged (40-64 year) and geriatric population (≧65 years) were performed.
T25870 399286-399391 Sentence denotes Prognostic factors associated with 30-day mortality were identified through multiple logistic regression.
T34016 399393-399520 Sentence denotes Investigation on the needle and sharp injuries of healthcare workers at a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan Chien Chen Wang.
T60860 399521-399573 Sentence denotes Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
T82464 399574-399585 Sentence denotes Background:
T30653 399586-399888 Sentence denotes Needle and sharp injuries is the most common occupational injury in the hospital, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a common cause of occupational exposure to health care workers, Infection can cause physical and psychological discomfort.
T84986 399889-400049 Sentence denotes This article explores the incidence of needle and sharp injuries in a hospital and the investigation and analysis after the implementation of the safety needle.
T3426 400050-400058 Sentence denotes Methods:
T52769 400059-400137 Sentence denotes The hospital have standard for the Staff were injured by the needle and sharp.
T36255 400138-400192 Sentence denotes The process includes: (1) wound treatment, Conclusion:
T82702 400193-400319 Sentence denotes The promotion of safety needles belongs to Taiwan's legislative policy, and provides 105 years to be fully used safety needle.
T41683 400320-400491 Sentence denotes We investigated the behavior of the medical staff in 2016 and the types of items, obviously the use of safety needles does reduce the incidence of scraps (reduced by 19%).
T3087 400492-400713 Sentence denotes The only safety needle is not the only needle, It also contains special needles for inspection, and the promotion of safety tools also includes changes in the use of habits, will also affect the occurrence of acupuncture.
T87811 400714-400881 Sentence denotes It is still the industry for the special safety needle research and development and medical staff habits, period can reduce the incidence of needle and sharp injuries.
T21485 400882-400893 Sentence denotes Background:
T46684 400894-401072 Sentence denotes The hospital will begin in 2015 to execute "invasive medical treatment care quality upgrade program" from the Ministry of Health and Welfare Department of Disease Control Agency.
T84404 401073-401207 Sentence denotes The project is needed to complete the catheter placement checklist and daily care table, which is a big burden for the clinical staff.
T67378 401208-401609 Sentence denotes However, comparing of before and after the implementation of the project, arrangements for staff to fill out the cognitive questionnaire, it was found that the implementation of CAUTI Bundle for the patient is meaningful and recognized, but if the form of information can reduce the burden of paper work, can increase the implementation of combined care of health care workers to implement the wishes.
T14820 401610-401618 Sentence denotes Methods:
T30130 401619-401700 Sentence denotes In October 2016, the CAUTI Bundle form was compiled into the participating units.
T42341 401701-401832 Sentence denotes When nurses added pipelines to the familiar piping system, they set up the table and brought the basic information into the future.
T18304 401833-401979 Sentence denotes In addition, when the doctor opened the urinary catheter surgeon, that is, start the placement of the table to fill the reasons for the placement.
T73220 401980-402324 Sentence denotes In the future when opening of the doctor's advice, then jumping out of the doctor's account and checking the table, you can immediately know the number of days placed, and to assess the reasons for indwelling, a substantial reduction in clinical staff to fill out the time of the paper form, and missed the fill or assessment of the phenomenon.
T25835 402325-402553 Sentence denotes In addition, with the project to give the quarterly report, the information program can be transferred out of materials of physician and cares, significantly reduce the quarterly report of the typing time, and paper consumption.
T68 402554-402562 Sentence denotes Results:
T1172 402563-402816 Sentence denotes In September, 2016, the hospital started to promote in every unit of departments, from October to December to participating unit began to fill the form, the form completion rate of the doctor was about 20%, while the rate of nursing staff was about 90%.
T68193 402817-403039 Sentence denotes In January 2017, the hospital began to promote (except pediatric), and to the department, the units of education and training, and in the competent meeting of the propaganda, and continue to review and improve the project.
T54600 403040-403205 Sentence denotes As of May 2017, the physician form completion rate has been as high as 70%, caregiver form completion rate of 98% or more, a substantial increase in completion rate.
T97947 403206-403217 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T1853 403218-403380 Sentence denotes Combination care is not difficult for health care workers, the difficulty is the time spent to fill out the form, and the time of find physician to fill the form.
T46951 403381-403502 Sentence denotes The effective use of information programs can indeed increase the implementation of medical care for health care workers.
T2127 403503-403687 Sentence denotes Scoring systems for identifying hospitalized critical patients at risk of imipenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli septicemia at sepsis onset I -Ling Chen 1 , Cing-Ling Tai Background:
T49330 403688-403926 Sentence denotes The emergence of carbapenem resistance among Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) has been increasingly reported worldwide and is a matter of great concern, since it complicates both empirical and guided treatment for severe critical ill patients.
T68466 403927-404034 Sentence denotes Inappropriate administration of empirical antibacterial may increase the mortality rate of septic patients.
T58532 404035-404160 Sentence denotes We aimed to derive a clinical prediction score to predict the risk of acquisition of imipenem-resistance (IR) GNB septicemia.
T1514 404161-404169 Sentence denotes Methods:
T94309 404170-404434 Sentence denotes This retrospective cohort study enrolled all patients suffered from GNB bacteremia 48 hours after admission to Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (KCGMH), a 2700 bed tertiary-care medical centre in southern Taiwan between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2015.
T8012 404435-404529 Sentence denotes Adjusted analyses were performed by multivariate analysis and propensity score-based matching.
T22299 404530-404709 Sentence denotes Risk factors for IR-GNB septicemia were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression with backward selection (<0.05) and a novel prediction score (IR-GNB septicemia) was derived.
T96263 404710-404718 Sentence denotes Results:
T43374 404719-404819 Sentence denotes Three hundred and seventy episodes were included, after controlling for age, Charlson index and sex.
T95829 404820-405103 Sentence denotes The following independent risk factors were obtained by a multivariable logistic regression analysis: prior extended-spectrum cephalosporins exposure days ( Youden's index statistics indicated a score of > 10 as best cutoff value that had a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 73%.
T35459 405104-405115 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T65739 405116-405268 Sentence denotes This score might help clinicians to stratify the risk of IR-GNB septicemia infection when deciding empirical therapy for these patients at sepsis onset.
T30181 405269-405400 Sentence denotes The effectiveness of application information technology to improve tuberculosis phase assessment Ya-Jhen Ji 1 *, Yueh-Ying Tsai 2 .
T88927 405401-405521 Sentence denotes 1 Yunlin Christian hospital of Tuberculosis case manager, 2 Yunlin Christian hospital of Supervise of Nursing Department
T17139 405522-405533 Sentence denotes Background:
T98020 405534-405630 Sentence denotes The medical service followed the update progress with the development of information technology.
T83266 405631-405723 Sentence denotes The rate of tuberculosis assessment at all stages was 33-45% in a regional hospital in 2010.
T55054 405724-405880 Sentence denotes It may lead to treatment failure and drug resistance occured if the patient was not assessed by chest X-ray examination and bacteriological testing on time.
T70880 405881-406014 Sentence denotes The outpatient message list was used to remind the physician to take the chest Xray examination and the bacteriological test in 2013.
T13123 406015-406084 Sentence denotes But, the rate of each tuberculosis phase assessment was about 73-76%.
T49230 406085-406192 Sentence denotes Therefore, we hoped that the rate of achievement will be improved by application of information technology.
T9077 406193-406201 Sentence denotes Methods:
T9555 406202-406430 Sentence denotes We developed electronic message board in the medical information system in order to remind the physician to order chest X-ray examination and bacteriological test in the outpatient medical system before the prescription in 2014.
T36151 406431-406493 Sentence denotes Each stage of continuous improvement was up to 93-96% in 2015.
T87248 406494-406596 Sentence denotes We applied mobile phone Line to contact the public health care division to communicate in August 2015.
T23554 406597-406704 Sentence denotes So, the health care division can enhance the case to remind the sputum test and side effects of medication.
T3930 406705-406713 Sentence denotes Results:
T70012 406714-406781 Sentence denotes The rate of tuberculosis assessment of phase three was 97% in 2016.
T64456 406782-406809 Sentence denotes Other phase was up to 100%.
T97120 406810-406939 Sentence denotes It can really improve the continuity of tuberculosis assessment using the electronic message board and Line information software.
T20522 406940-407109 Sentence denotes The income of tuberculosis stage continuous assessment of Health insurance payment was 154,000 NTD in 2010, we lose 92500 NTD because the low rate continuous assessment.
T100 407110-407170 Sentence denotes The health insurance payment rose up to 138,000 NTD in 2016.
T61962 407171-407266 Sentence denotes The estimated amount of loss was 500 NTD and the amount of loss has been reduced significantly.
T42710 407267-407278 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T1992 407279-407450 Sentence denotes The application of information technology can improve the continuity of stage assessment to remind patients to perform chest X-ray examination and bacteriological testing.
T4319 407451-407657 Sentence denotes However, the case take medicine regular although, but there are treatment failure occurred such as three case CXR deterioration and the sputum smear turned positive in four case before the end of treatment.
T5172 407658-407744 Sentence denotes Medical staff should pay attention to precaution the Line leaked personal information.
T22142 407745-407753 Sentence denotes Results:
T22255 407754-407955 Sentence denotes Whole data from our HIS database, including surgical scheduling system, medical system, birth notification system, anesthesiology system, operating room management system, and nursing operation system.
T20915 407956-408030 Sentence denotes And booking surgical scheduling was the key point to start the SSI system.
T91970 408031-408190 Sentence denotes We created three table into HIS to increase the data collection integrity; we found that the manager support was the key point that provide this system useful.
T89615 408191-408320 Sentence denotes According to this study result, the cover ratio of SSI data was from 0% (July 2016) to 96.6% (October 2016), 100% (January 2017).
T44710 408321-408359 Sentence denotes And 3 surgical data can automatically.
T36053 408360-408509 Sentence denotes Supervisor support and practice of medical personnel are indeed the important antecedents of system quality, information quality and service quality.
T74475 408510-408621 Sentence denotes Service quality of IT department has positive significant influences on system quality and information quality.
T41343 408622-408633 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T70435 408634-408969 Sentence denotes Through this experience to prove that the integration of medical information system, can reduce the burden on clinical staff, automatically bring the information to avoid multiple input caused by inconsistencies. genomes, the T. pallidum Amoy strain owns eight strain-specific genes, however, miss ten universal genes in other genomes.
T83143 408970-409081 Sentence denotes For instance, the Amoy strain loss some tpr family genes, which likely answer for the increasing immune escape.
T22791 409082-409317 Sentence denotes Interestingly, we also identified the 23S rRNA A2059G mutation in the Amoy stain, which is the first report outside of its initial identification in Czech Republic and is different from the frequent A2058G mutation identified in China.
T53236 409318-409329 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T66365 409330-409412 Sentence denotes In summary, we sequenced the whole genome of T. pallidum Amoy stain in this study.
T97543 409413-409680 Sentence denotes This work will aid our better understanding of the different pathogenesis of syphilis and as well the geographical distribution of syphilis epidemiology. phenotypic and MALDI-TOF MS identification methods were compared for their performance in species identification.
T7448 409681-409689 Sentence denotes Methods:
T35057 409690-409829 Sentence denotes The fungal isolates were rechecked to certify their authentication by mycology methodologies and then characterized by ITS gene sequencing.
T12429 409830-410000 Sentence denotes Then we evaluated D1/D2 regions sequencing, SCGE and two MALDI-TOF MS systems (Vitek MS and Bruker MS) and Vitek 2 Compact system in C. haemulonii complex identification.
T59999 410001-410130 Sentence denotes A susceptibility assay was performed using the Sensititre YeastOne TM YO10 methodology following the manufacturer's instructions.
T63278 410131-410139 Sentence denotes Results:
T79849 410140-410394 Sentence denotes Twelve of 13 (92.3%) isolates were identified as C. nivariensis and one as C. bracarensis using ITS sequencing as the reference method; results obtained by D1/D2 sequencing and ITS SCGE were concordant with ITS sequencing results for all (100%) isolates.
T34502 410395-410476 Sentence denotes SCGE was able to subtype 12 C. nivariensis into four ITS SCGE length types (LTs).
T58636 410477-410788 Sentence denotes All isolates failed to be identified by the Vitek MALDI-TOF MS system (bioMérieux), whilst the Bruker MS system (Bruker Daltoniks) correctly identified all C. nivariensis isolates but using a lowered (≥1.700) cut-off score for species assignment; the C. bracarensis isolate was identified but with score <1.700.
T90498 410789-410954 Sentence denotes The Vitek 2 Compact system could not identify 11 C. nivariensis and one C. bracarensis isolate and misidentified the remaining C. nivarensis strain as "C. glabrata".
T839 410955-411041 Sentence denotes All isolates had low MICs for azoles, echinocandins, amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine.
T13113 411042-411053 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T96360 411054-411162 Sentence denotes Our results reinforce the need for molecular differentiation of species of C. nivarensis and C. bracarensis.
T99511 411163-411275 Sentence denotes The performance of MALDI-TOF may be improved by adding mass spectral profiles (MSPs) into the current databases.
T92231 411276-411346 Sentence denotes The antifungal susceptibility profile of isolates should be monitored.
T46805 411347-411436 Sentence denotes More researches are needed to study its effectiveness and its role as first-line therapy.
T54868 411438-411601 Sentence denotes Clinical manifestations of candidemia caused by uncommon Candida species and antifungal susceptibility of the isolates in a regional hospital in Taiwan Background:
T4483 411602-411792 Sentence denotes This retrospective study investigated clinical manifestations of candidemia caused by uncommon Candida species and antifungal susceptibility of the isolates in a regional hospital in Taiwan.
T33411 411793-411801 Sentence denotes Methods:
T82438 411802-411970 Sentence denotes The uncommon Candida species was initially defined as Candida species other than C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata complex, C. parapsilosis complex and C. krusei.
T4265 411971-412052 Sentence denotes All uncommon Candida isolates were identified and confirmed by molecular methods.
T2283 412053-412288 Sentence denotes In vitro susceptibility testing of the uncommon Candida species to nine antifungal agents was conducted using the broth microdilution method with the Sensititre YeastOne (SYO) system (Trek Diagnostic Systems, Ltd., East Grimstead, UK).
T56698 412289-412297 Sentence denotes Results:
T54034 412298-412400 Sentence denotes Twenty-one patients, comprising 11 males and 10 females with a median age of 69 years, were recruited.
T48463 412401-412552 Sentence denotes Cancer (n = 11) was the most common underlying disease, 19 (90.5%) cases had prior antibiotic exposure, and only two patients had prior antifungal use.
T99052 412553-412602 Sentence denotes The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 38.1%.
T25946 412603-412691 Sentence denotes C. guilliermondii (n = 11) was the most common pathogen, followed by C. curvata (n = 3).
T98787 412692-412931 Sentence denotes C. guilliermondii isolates exhibited relatively high rates of azole minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) above epidemiological cut-off values (ECVs), whereas C. pelliculosa and C. lusitaniae isolates all remained susceptible to azoles.
T24663 412932-413067 Sentence denotes All three C. curvata isolates had high caspofungin (>8 mg/L) and fluconazole MICs (8 mg/L) and could be defined as multidrug-resistant.
T48853 413068-413079 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T51142 413080-413172 Sentence denotes Uncommon Candida species frequently exhibit high rates of non-susceptibility to antifungals.
T72764 413173-413278 Sentence denotes Identification of all Candida isolates at the species level from blood samples is of value for treatment.
T51072 413279-413379 Sentence denotes The incidences and outcomes of cryptococcosis among different risk populations in Taiwan Background:
T13277 413380-413555 Sentence denotes Invasive fungal diseases are life-threatening infections in prolonged neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies who are treated with intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy.
T9931 413556-413835 Sentence denotes Although liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) or an echinocandin class agent is administered as an emperical antifungal therapy in such patients, adverse events including breakthrough infections despite treatment and substantial drug toxicity have been becoming significant problems.
T60339 413836-413937 Sentence denotes There is therefore a critical need for antifungal treatment strategies to overcome these impediments.
T23433 413938-414278 Sentence denotes We conducted a single-arm, multicenter (5 institutions), prospective study in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sequential administration of L-AmB after micafungin (MF) as an empirical antifungal therapy for antibiotics-refractory febrile neutropenia in patients with hematologic malignancies who received cytotoxic chemotherapy.
T49557 414279-414287 Sentence denotes Results:
T8136 414288-414407 Sentence denotes A total of 18 adult patients were enrolled, and 12 patients who fulfilled the protocol defined criteria were evaluated.
T31730 414408-414531 Sentence denotes Underlying diseases consisted of acute leukemia (n = 10), malignant lymphoma (n = 1), and myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 1).
T15792 414532-414585 Sentence denotes Prior antifungal prophylaxis was given in 9 patients.
T15378 414586-414639 Sentence denotes Treatment success was achieved in 8 patients (66.7%).
T57546 414640-414751 Sentence denotes None of the patients showed pulmonary lesions in the radiological imaging or developed breakthrough infections.
T77851 414752-414914 Sentence denotes Serum galactomannan antigen increased in one patient, and plasma (1-3)-β-D glucan test was positive in 2 patients, but these tests improved in any of these cases.
T14963 414915-414960 Sentence denotes Treatment failure was observed in 4 patients.
T64817 414961-415034 Sentence denotes Among them, 3 patients discontinued the study drug due to adverse events.
T12401 415035-415257 Sentence denotes These events were drug-related toxicities such as hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, skin eruption, and muscle stiffness, but all of them were below grade 2 toxicity, and were reversible after finishing the drug.
T41266 415258-415386 Sentence denotes One patient revealed a persistent fever probably due to cytomegalovirus infection, which subsided by ganciclovir administration.
T97064 415387-415398 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T9960 415399-415665 Sentence denotes Although the number of patients studied was limited, sequential therapy with MF and L-AmB seems to be an encouraging antifungal treatment strategy for those with hematologic malignancies who experience antibiotics-refractory neutropenia after cytotoxic chemotherapy.
T90787 415666-415722 Sentence denotes Further investigation in large-scale studies are needed.
T19023 415723-415734 Sentence denotes Background:
T5895 415735-415823 Sentence denotes Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAF) has become a growing public health concern.
T84341 415824-415983 Sentence denotes International consensus suggests that empirical therapy for A. fumigatus aspergillosis should be guided by the local clinical and environmetal resistance rate.
T92396 415984-416105 Sentence denotes This study investiagted the current status of aozle resistance among A. fumigatus clinical isolates in Taiwan Background:
T18296 416106-416251 Sentence denotes Candidemia has become an emerging healthcareassociated infection with significant mortality, and Candida tropicalis is a common pathogen in Asia.
T85 416252-416352 Sentence denotes The present study aimed to identify specific biomarkers to predict patient survival by metabolomics.
T15129 416353-416361 Sentence denotes Methods:
T61338 416362-416530 Sentence denotes Patients aged >20 with candidemia caused by Candida tropicalis with blood samples available within 4 days of the onset (Day 0) of candidemia were included for analysis.
T96162 416531-416607 Sentence denotes They were categorized into two groups depending on their survival at Day 14.
T50375 416608-416786 Sentence denotes Metabolomic profiles of the blood specimens collected at Day 0-4 of survival and death groups were compared to identify specific biomarkers to predict patient survival at Day 14.
T51417 416787-417007 Sentence denotes The partial least square-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) were performed, and the scores of the first two components were plotted to visualize how well the relevant metabolites could identify the death and survival groups.
T42784 417008-417106 Sentence denotes Statistical differences between death and survival groups were compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test.
T99794 417107-417115 Sentence denotes Results:
T63946 417116-417183 Sentence denotes A total of 31 patients with C. tropicalis candidemia were included.
T30410 417184-417383 Sentence denotes The median interval from the candidemia onset to the collection of blood specimens was 3 days (interquartile range 1-3.5 days), and 11 patients (35%) received antifungal agents before blood sampling.
T2361 417384-417416 Sentence denotes Day 14 mortality was 29% (9/31).
T34448 417417-417492 Sentence denotes The PLS-DA scores plot separated the survival and death groups (Figure 1 ).
T78403 417493-417609 Sentence denotes The identified potential markers to predict day 14 mortality were phenylalanine, deuteroporphyrin IX, and hippurate.
T30230 417610-417845 Sentence denotes The area under the curve (AUC) and coefficient of logistic regression model, and results of Wilcoxon rank sum test of the three metabolites are shown in Table 1 The age-stratified uptake rates of once-weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid.
T79383 417846-417930 Sentence denotes The rate for the permanent discontinuation due to 3HP intolerance was similar to 9H.
T34560 417931-418069 Sentence denotes However, overall, patients with 3HP experienced significantly lower rates for the permanent discontinuation of treatment compared with 9H.
T20698 418070-418230 Sentence denotes Further evaluation of factors facilitating treatment completion of LTBI will be crucial to achieving our End TB goal, reducing incidence to 32/ 100,000 by 2020.
T3364 418231-418521 Sentence denotes Surveillance of severe community-acquired pneumonia of unknown etiologyresult from unknown pathogen detection/ investigation group (UPDIG), Taiwan Tsung-Pei Tsou 1 *, Wan-Chin Chen 2 , Min-Nan Hung 3 , Sung-Hsi Wei 4,5 , Hsin-Chun Lee 3 , Chia-Ping Su 2 , Jung-Jung Mu 6 , Ming-Tsan Liu 6 .
T32962 418522-418697 Sentence denotes Patients with pathogen identified by isolation or PCR from respiratory tract specimens or blood, or those with seroconversion will be classified as having a definite etiology.
T89691 418698-418811 Sentence denotes Patients with pathogen identified by means of antigen detection will be classified as having a possible etiology.
T21141 418812-418823 Sentence denotes Background:
T32409 418824-418974 Sentence denotes Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that can also asymptomatically colonize the nares of between 20% and 40% of the adult population.
T40776 418975-419136 Sentence denotes Methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA,) which may also display resistance to multiple other drugs, are a major cause of healthcare associated infections worldwide.
T62553 419137-419378 Sentence denotes There is increasing concern that strains of S. aureus in the clinical setting can also harbour genes (qacA/B and smr) for reduced susceptibility to commonly used antiseptics and disinfectants, such as benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine.
T21666 419379-419580 Sentence denotes It is well recognised that elderly subjects residing in long-term care facilities (LTCF) can act as reservoirs of MRSA, but little is known of its prevalence in healthy elderly living in the community.
T41541 419581-419735 Sentence denotes We aimed to determine prevalence of MRSA and presence of biocide resistance genes in healthy elderly subjects attending community centres for the elderly.
T51399 419736-419744 Sentence denotes Methods:
T52377 419745-419848 Sentence denotes Elderly attendees at seven community centres for the elderly were screened for MRSA nasal colonization.
T62938 419849-419934 Sentence denotes Swabs were cultured on chromogenic agar for MRSA and isolates confirmed by MALDI-TOF.
T74804 419935-420039 Sentence denotes Susceptibility testing was performed following EUCAST guidelines. qacA/B and smr were determined by PCR.
T93009 420040-420048 Sentence denotes Results:
T70264 420049-420095 Sentence denotes A total of 450 elderly subjects were screened.
T85914 420096-420166 Sentence denotes 31% (140/ 450) of subjects were positive for S. aureus nasal carriage.
T67649 420167-420223 Sentence denotes Of these isolates, 11 (7.8%) were methicillin resistant.
T24369 420224-420293 Sentence denotes Overall 14.8% of isolates were positive for qacA/B and 13.5% for smr.
T84682 420294-420418 Sentence denotes There was a significant association between methicillin resistance and presence of qacA/B genes ( p = 0.034; CI 1.024-14.8).
T71981 420419-420471 Sentence denotes Four MRSA strains were resistant to ≥ 3 other drugs.
T69231 420472-420483 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T23091 420484-420693 Sentence denotes Overall carriage of MRSA in these subjects (2.4%) is marginally higher than the figures reported for the general population (0.5-1%,) but considerably less rates reported for elderly subjects in LTCF (15-50%).
T34840 420694-420839 Sentence denotes The presence of biocide resistance genes is of concern as multi-drug resistant strains with resistance to biocides may be difficult to eradicate.
T76296 420840-420951 Sentence denotes Tolerance to biocides may contribute to persistence of MRSA in the community as well as the healthcare setting.
T33944 420952-421186 Sentence denotes Continued monitoring of such strains is essential, as well as education on the proper use of biocides and antiseptics to prevent residue remaining in the environment which could act as a facilitator for induction of biocide tolerance.
T23705 421187-421329 Sentence denotes Emphysematous cystitis in the geriatric patients with Escherichia Chih-Cheng Lu 1,2 , Wen-Chou Fan 1 . cytoplasmic antibody were all negative.
T97815 421330-421402 Sentence denotes The serum microscopic agglutination test for leptospirosis was positive.
T89539 421403-421498 Sentence denotes The kidney and liver biopsies confirmed leptospirosis by immunohistochemical stain (Figure 1 ).
T28822 421499-421699 Sentence denotes 3 weeks after admission, he remained intubated with mechanical machine support, still had intermittent fevers and hemoptysis despite transfusions of erythrocyte and platelet and antibiotics treatment.
T2811 421700-421803 Sentence denotes We started 5 sessions of plasma exchange with 1.5 plasma volumes on 22, 24, 26, 28, 30th hospital days.
T5231 421804-421917 Sentence denotes After 5 times of plasma exchange, his consciousness, pulmonary hemorrhage and icterus were improved dramatically.
T7698 421918-421957 Sentence denotes He was extubated on 31th admission day.
T19502 421958-422019 Sentence denotes He recovered well and was discharged 38 days after admission.
T26607 422020-422031 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T17233 422032-422258 Sentence denotes Although the role of plasma exchange in management of Weil's disease is not well defined, our experience shows that combined antibiotics and plasma exchange may be helpful in severe leptospirosis with pulmonary renal syndrome.
T48162 422259-422498 Sentence denotes Association of scabies and psychiatric disorders in childhood: a nationwide population-based study Chien-Yu Lin 1,2 *, Hsin Chi 3 , Shey-Chaing Su 1 , Cheng-Yin Tseng 1 , Po-Huang Liu 1 , Nan-Chang Chiu 3 , Jui-Ming Liu 4 , Ren-Jun Hsu 5 .
T43664 422499-422510 Sentence denotes Background:
T90256 422511-422646 Sentence denotes Streptococcus sanguis is a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium found in oral cavity and proven to be related with infective endocarditis.
T6630 422647-422757 Sentence denotes Leptospirosis and scrub typhus are zoonoses with worldwide distribution, and co-infections have been reported.
T29530 422758-422870 Sentence denotes We present a case of S. sanguis bacteremia in a farmer who also had scrub typhus and leptospirosis co-infection.
T20515 422871-422995 Sentence denotes A 73 year-old male farmer referred for altered consciousness, sepsis related multi-organ failure, GI bleeding and pneumonia.
T49615 422996-423076 Sentence denotes He was admitted to intensive care unit once arrived at the Emergency Department.
T51723 423077-423230 Sentence denotes Blood culture showed S. sanguis bacteremia but the patient did not respond to empirical antibiotics with Tapimycin and his multi-organ failure got worse.
T39322 423231-423463 Sentence denotes On examination, the patient still had fevers, low blood pressure (100/ 60 mm Hg) with tachycardia (120/min), and presented more symptoms such as yellowish skin color, diffused petechiae of body surface, and oliguria (0.7 mL/kg/day).
T6329 423464-423548 Sentence denotes Troponin I was 2.42 ug/ L, but ECG revealed no ST elevation, consistent with NSTEMI.
T99403 423549-423591 Sentence denotes Echocardiogram did not reveal vegetations.
T98211 423592-423651 Sentence denotes Gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed bleeding gastric ulcer.
T22460 423652-423804 Sentence denotes Laboratory studies revealed platelet count of 9,000/uL, elevated D-dimer and fibrinogen, which could not explain DIC as the cause of bleeding diathesis.
T50093 423805-423955 Sentence denotes He also had liver dysfunction, jaundice, high blood level of ammonia (130 umol/L), A/G reverse and acute kidney injury with hyperkalemia (5.5 mmol/L).
T26676 423956-424033 Sentence denotes Abdomen sonography revealed ascites, splenomegaly and cirrhosis of the liver.
T54044 424034-424123 Sentence denotes Picture above showed multiple petechiea found on gastric wall during panedoscope on 6/29.
T68674 424124-424132 Sentence denotes Methods:
T10701 424133-424250 Sentence denotes Female BALB/c mice (7 weeks old) were infected with approximately 1 × 10 9 CFU of MRSA strain MW2, intraperitoneally.
T57326 424251-424382 Sentence denotes Subsequently, mAbs, vancomycin hydrochloride (VCM) and daptomycin (DAP) were injected intraperitoneally (alone or in combinations).
T98029 424383-424439 Sentence denotes The animals were monitored and their mortality recorded.
T52409 424440-424544 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis was done using the log-rank test to determine differences between treatment groups.
T18717 424545-424553 Sentence denotes Results:
T35438 424554-424746 Sentence denotes There is a significant difference ( p < 0.05) in treatment groups (single and combination therapies) with the most effective lifesaving activities exhibited by the 3H + DAP combination at 65%.
T34757 424747-424964 Sentence denotes The finding of this study shows higher survival rates after 8 days in the lethal sepsis model with combination mAbs (3H + 5H at 0.5 mg each) at 60%, than single mAbs used as 1 mg of 3H (45%) or 1 mg of 5H (35%) alone.
T21949 424965-425169 Sentence denotes Also, combination mAb and antibiotics (3H at 1 mg + VCM at 5 µg or 3H at 1 mg + DAP at 5 µg) showed higher survival rates (55% and 65% respectively) compared with VCM (20%) or DAP (25%) alone ( p < 0.05).
T64551 425170-425181 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T93418 425182-425337 Sentence denotes Combinations including ZBIA3H and antibiotics represent an attractive alternative to antibiotic monotherapies currently used to treat S. aureus bacteremia.
T31646 425338-425532 Sentence denotes Epidemiology of sepsis in children: a nationwide cohort study Conclusion: BCG-osteitis/osteomyelitis is more strongly correlated with the vaccination of newborns than with that of older infants.
T86036 425533-425769 Sentence denotes The question of whether postponing BCG vaccination could lead to decreased risk of BCG-osteitis/osteomyelitis without increasing TB meningitis, BCG-lymphadenitis, and injection site suppuration in young infants needs careful evaluation.
T4414 425770-425996 Sentence denotes The prevalence of bone loss and short term effect of antiretroviral therapy on bone mineral density in male Japanese naïve patients with HIV Yusuke Yoshino, Keita Misu, Kazunori Seo, Ichiro Koga, Takatoshi Kitazawa, Yasuo Ota.
T66541 425997-426080 Sentence denotes Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
T35602 426081-426092 Sentence denotes Background:
T33721 426093-426175 Sentence denotes It is well known that low bone mineral density (BMD) is prevalent in HIV patients.
T76283 426176-426340 Sentence denotes Many studies in North America, Europe and Oceania revealed the relationship between HIV and low BMD, and there were still few studies about that in Asian countries.
T40114 426341-426469 Sentence denotes Especially, research of the anti-HIV drug early impact on BMD after treatment initiation is underrepresented in Asian countries.
T24053 426470-426626 Sentence denotes We studied the prevalence of bone loss and changes of BMD after initiation of continuous anti-retroviral therapy (cART) in Japanese naïve patients with HIV.
T22688 426627-426635 Sentence denotes Methods:
T3132 426636-426788 Sentence denotes Male patients with HIV who visited the outpatient clinic of Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan between April 2010 and November 2016 were enrolled.
T48122 426789-426922 Sentence denotes Patients underwent BMD analyses before and 44-56 weeks after initiation of cART with the same dual energy X-ray absorptiometory scan.
T16806 426923-427046 Sentence denotes Both the lumbar spines BMD and the average of bilateral femoral necks BMD were analyzed and employed to calculate Z-scores.
T18525 427047-427182 Sentence denotes Clinical factors were collected, including age, body mass index, smoking status, corticosteroid use, cART regimens and laboratory data.
T11631 427183-427249 Sentence denotes We assessed changes in BMD after cART initiation by paired t-test.
T41065 427250-427415 Sentence denotes To determine risk factors for low bone mass in naive patients and influencing factors on BMD after the start of cART, stepwise multiple regression analysis was used.
T36326 427416-427424 Sentence denotes Results:
T62639 427425-427462 Sentence denotes Thirty-one patients were followed up.
T22591 427463-427565 Sentence denotes Median lumbar spines Z-score was −0.500 and median femoral necks Z-score was −0.350 in naïve settings.
T13275 427566-427677 Sentence denotes Age, serum AST level and serum ALT level were the independent risk factors for low bone mass in naïve patients.
T78069 427678-427741 Sentence denotes The change of BMD after cART initiation was shown in Figure 1 .
T83309 427742-427906 Sentence denotes Use of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF), use of protease inhibitors (PIs) and low CD4 cell counts were independent risk factors on BMD loss in the lumbar spines.
T14669 427907-428005 Sentence denotes N-terminal telopeptide/creatinine (urinary test) was the independent risk factor in femoral necks.
T74623 428006-428017 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T91542 428018-428090 Sentence denotes Slight decrease of BMD was observed in Japanese naïve patients with HIV.
T78919 428091-428141 Sentence denotes BMD decreased significantly after cART initiation.
T73940 428142-428231 Sentence denotes In lumbar spines, using TDF or/and PIs more significantly increased the risk of BMD loss.
T33128 428232-428338 Sentence denotes In femoral necks, cART more significantly affected on BMD of patients with higher bone metabolic activity.
T12976 428339-428622 Sentence denotes Short-term and long-term effect of highly active antiretroviral treatment on incident tuberculosis in people living with HIV/ AIDS Yung-Feng Yen 1,2,3,4 , Pei-Hung Chuang 5,6 , Ian Jen 7 , Marcelo Chen 8,9 , Yu-Ching Lan 10 , Chun-Yuan Lee 11 , Yun Lee 4 , Yi-Ming Arthur Chen 4,12 .
T12126 428623-428668 Sentence denotes 1 Section of Infectious Diseases, Taipei City
T16723 428669-428680 Sentence denotes Background:
T52531 428681-428837 Sentence denotes The short-term and long-term effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) exposure on incident tuberculosis (TB) has not been extensively studied.
T53765 428838-429027 Sentence denotes This nationwide populationbased cohort study was aimed to determine the short-term and long-term effect of HAART on incident TB in people living with HIV/ AIDS (PLWHA) in Taiwan Background:
T68231 429028-429181 Sentence denotes In the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, bacteremia is the one of an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients.
T96062 429182-429224 Sentence denotes Few studies have described these patients.
T33556 429225-429401 Sentence denotes The study aimed to assess the etiologic pathogens, sites of infection, mortality rate and the factors associated with the mortality in HIV-infected patients who had bacteremia.
T22818 429402-429410 Sentence denotes Methods:
T23598 429411-429585 Sentence denotes Retrospective electronic database and chart review of the HIV-infected patients with bacteremia at Vajira Hospital between January 1, 2009 to November 30, 2014 was performed.
T7786 429586-429594 Sentence denotes Results:
T35255 429595-429754 Sentence denotes Of the 115 HIV-infected patients, 67 (57.4%) were male, of these 83 (59.7%) were not receiving antiretroviral drug and 65 (46.8%) had CD4 below 50 cells/mm 3 .
T30446 429755-429904 Sentence denotes Among 150 isolates of bacteremia, we found that the most common organism was Salmonella spp. (46, 30.67%) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) (35, 23.33%).
T82322 429905-429988 Sentence denotes Ceftriaxone resistance was high (91.3%) in bacteremia caused by Salmonella group C.
T52593 429989-430085 Sentence denotes The common sites of infection were primary bacteremia (38%) and urinary tract infection (15.1%).
T39046 430086-430425 Sentence denotes The mortality rate was 23% and the factor that affected the mortality were albumin level (P = 0.002), underlying disease (P < 0.005), cirrhosis (P < 0.005), chronic renal failure (P = 0.009), malignancy (P = 0.012), focal site of infection (P < 0.005), lower respiratory tract infection (P < 0.05), and intraabdominal infection (P < 0.05).
T25665 430426-430437 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T14276 430438-430537 Sentence denotes Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli are the leading caused of bacteremia in HIV-infected patients.
T87377 430538-430592 Sentence denotes The common sites of infection were primary bacteremia.
T9575 430593-430686 Sentence denotes Dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 induces platelet activation Wei-Chueh Wu, Trai Ming Yeh.
T20748 430687-430791 Sentence denotes Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan Background:
T53305 430792-430998 Sentence denotes Dengue virus (DENV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is responsible for ∼390 million infections annually, and leads to dengue fever or potentially lethal dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or shock syndrome (DSS).
T54367 430999-431089 Sentence denotes DHF/DSS patients often show severe symptoms such as vascular leakage and thrombocytopenia.
T13721 431090-431205 Sentence denotes During dengue infection, DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) can be secreted into blood and causes vascular leakage.
T98348 431206-431295 Sentence denotes However, whether NS1 is involved in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia remains unclear.
T44683 431296-431394 Sentence denotes In this study, we hypothesized that NS1 may play a critical role of DENV-induced thrombocytopenia.
T41095 431395-431403 Sentence denotes Methods:
T7171 431404-431621 Sentence denotes To verify this hypothesis, freshly isolated platelets from healthy donors were treated with DENV type 1 recombinant NS1 from drosophila and were evaluated for markers of activation, cytokine secretion and aggregation.
T34887 431622-431630 Sentence denotes Results:
T68561 431631-431697 Sentence denotes We found that NS1 could bind to toll-like receptor 4 of platelets.
T41979 431698-431828 Sentence denotes Furthermore, P-selectin expression and macrophage migration inhibitory factor secretion were increased in NS1stimulated platelets.
T6034 431829-431920 Sentence denotes Last, platelets aggregation with suboptimal dose of ADP was enhanced after NS1 stimulation.
T66859 431921-431932 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T62351 431933-432045 Sentence denotes Taken together, our results demonstrate that NS1 could directly bind to platelet and induce platelet activation.
T52801 432046-432156 Sentence denotes These results suggest that NS1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia during dengue infection.
T80760 432157-432318 Sentence denotes MARVAS09 acts as a potent inhibitor of human enterovirus A71 replication through suppressing viral IRES Gunaseelan Saravanan, S/O 1 , Justin Jang Hann, CHU 1,2 .
T51036 432319-432437 Sentence denotes 1 MARVAS, Department of Microbiology and Immunology 2 National University of Singapore 2 CTU, IMCB, A*STAR Background:
T92480 432438-432601 Sentence denotes Human Enterovirus A71 (HEVA71) is the main causative agent for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in young children in many parts of the world especially in Asia.
T18589 432602-432718 Sentence denotes The neurotropic nature of HEVA71 can cause severe infection and complications including encephalitis and even death.
T69657 432719-432945 Sentence denotes Due to the lack of effective antivirals to curb HEVA71 infections, this study adopted an approach of identifying potential therapeutic agents through reverse genetics and high throughput screen of a flavonoid compound library.
T93084 432946-432954 Sentence denotes Methods:
T83229 432955-433110 Sentence denotes A 500-compound flavonoid derivatives library was screened with the HEVA71 Bi-cistronic IRES construct to identify compounds with anti-HEVA71 IRES activity.
T21362 433111-433189 Sentence denotes Chosen hits were further verified with cell viability and viral plaque assays.
T3763 433190-433198 Sentence denotes Results:
T33967 433199-433310 Sentence denotes The high throughput screen with the flavonoid compounds has identified MARVAS09 as a potent inhibitor of HEV71.
T3009 433311-433451 Sentence denotes Downstream secondary assays reaffirmed that MARVAS09 can disrupt viral protein and viral RNA synthesis through reducing HEV71 IRES activity.
T50600 433452-433632 Sentence denotes Further studies deduced that MARVAS09 was a narrow-spectrum antiviral, which is only effective against human enteroviruses but not chikungunya virus or herpes simplex type 1 virus.
T65243 433633-433796 Sentence denotes The development of HEVA71 resistant mutants against MARVAS09 demonstrated the effectiveness of MARVAS09 against a critical target of HEVA71, namely the viral IRES.
T8869 433797-433920 Sentence denotes More importantly, we are able to show the strong in-vivo efficacy of MARVAS09 with the murine model challenged with HEVA71.
T28835 433921-433932 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T24325 433933-434107 Sentence denotes In conclusion, MARVAS09 is a potent antiviral against HEVA71 and possibly other human enteroviruses which can be further developed as a potential clinical antiviral for HFMD.
T54973 434108-434320 Sentence denotes Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus type 8 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cheng-Chuan Su 1,2 *, Shih-Ming Tsao 3,4 , Chun-Liang Lai 1,5 , Ming-Nan Lin 1,6 , Jen-Pi Tsai 1, 3, 5 Background:
T96200 434321-434431 Sentence denotes Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) is high in patients with various immunologic abnormalities.
T37162 434432-434580 Sentence denotes Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are immunocompromised, but HHV-8 seroprevalence in COPD patients has not been documented.
T76430 434581-434589 Sentence denotes Methods:
T48610 434590-434766 Sentence denotes Blood samples collected from 64 COPD patients and from 64 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were used to determine lymphocyte and monocyte counts and HHV-8 antibody and DNA.
T1595 434767-434907 Sentence denotes Results: COPD patients had a lower lymphocyte count and a higher monocyte count than healthy controls (P = 0.0006 and 0.0003, respectively).
T37046 434908-435031 Sentence denotes The seroprevalence of HHV-8 antibodies was moderately higher in COPD patients than in controls (37.5% vs. 26.6%, P = 0.18).
T3097 435032-435119 Sentence denotes Three patients who were positive for HHV-8 antibodies were also positive for HHV-8 DNA.
T36967 435120-435301 Sentence denotes Lymphocyte counts were higher in COPD patients positive for HHV-8 antibodies than in negatives (P = 0.014) and in COPD patients positive for HHV-8 DNA than in negatives (P = 0.048).
T50018 435302-435443 Sentence denotes Lymphocyte count increased (from 1,688 to 2,856 and 3,184 cells/μL) with increasing HHV-8 viral load (from 133 to 1,450 and 2,090 copies/mL).
T67525 435444-435534 Sentence denotes Conclusion: COPD patients have a modely higher HHV-8 seroprevalence than healthy controls.
T17780 435535-435648 Sentence denotes Lymphocyte count is significantly higher in COPD patients positive for HHV-8 antibodies or DNA than in negatives.
T89991 435649-435745 Sentence denotes Lymphocyte count increases with increase in HHV-8 viral load in patients positive for HHV-8 DNA.
T8929 435746-435754 Sentence denotes Methods:
T72688 435755-435860 Sentence denotes Multiple and sequential specimens of serum, nasopharynx swab and sputum/tracheal aspirate were collected.
T53155 435861-435932 Sentence denotes The virus (A/Taiwan/1/2017) was isolated from the respiratory specimen.
T13907 435933-436061 Sentence denotes The important and different molecular signatures of the A/Taiwan/1/ 2017, compared with previous H7N9 viruses were investigated.
T1748 436062-436070 Sentence denotes Results:
T77618 436071-436292 Sentence denotes The important and different molecular signatures of the A/Taiwan/1/2017 virus included an insertion of three basic amino acid residues (RKR) at the cleavage site connecting the HA1 (hemagglutinin) and HA2 peptide regions.
T14016 436293-436479 Sentence denotes For antiviral resistance, R292K substitution in the NA (neuraminidase) protein was found in the A/Taiwan/1/2017 virus, suggesting that this virus had developed resistance to oseltamivir.
T44551 436480-436583 Sentence denotes The NS1 of A/Taiwan/1/2017 is 237 amino acids in length and the previous isolates were 217 amino acids.
T507 436584-436728 Sentence denotes The extended C-terminal region of 20 amino acids contains PDZ (PSD-95/Discs-large/ZO-1) binding domain, which also contributes to pathogenicity.
T40559 436729-436740 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T43357 436741-436897 Sentence denotes The signatures of high avian pathogenicity and oseltamivir resistance is of a concern and may have implication on clinical management and antiviral therapy.
T15595 436898-437145 Sentence denotes Current guideline that specifies neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) as drug of choice to treat patients infected with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus, should be revised based on geographic distribution of resistance, especially in Asia-Pacific region.
T54042 437146-437266 Sentence denotes Trends in the molecular epidemiology of HCV: an individualpatient-and sequence-level analysis Siao-Ru Lin, Ming-Huei Gu.
T65994 437267-437383 Sentence denotes Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan Background:
T76634 437384-437621 Sentence denotes Regional and genotype-specific mutational patterns of HCV are essential for informing direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) and designing diagnostic assays for use in regions where standard genotypic resistance testing is not affordable.
T6768 437622-437754 Sentence denotes We try to understand the molecular epidemiology of drugresistance associate variants (RAVs) in treatment-naïve HCVinfected patients.
T69728 437755-437763 Sentence denotes Methods:
T75112 437764-437901 Sentence denotes First, we set up a workflow for specimen collection, viral nucleic acid extraction, performing PCR assays, and directedsequence analysis.
T26705 437902-438002 Sentence denotes Then, we performed 2-step PCR assays on several specimens to find HCV genotype 1b-infected patients.
T28002 438003-438168 Sentence denotes To investigate the prevalence of RAVs to DAAs in treatment-naive HCV genotype 1b-infected patients, we amplify HCV viral regions of NS5A, and 5′ untranslated-region.
T69563 438169-438248 Sentence denotes Using Bioedit ® and Genotype tool on NCBI website analyzed the sequencing data.
T24367 438249-438257 Sentence denotes Results:
T56529 438258-438358 Sentence denotes We collected 34 reference genome of HCV from NCBI genebank as templates for HCV-specific primer set.
T52386 438359-438423 Sentence denotes The amplified target in silico was submitted in Genotyping tool.
T462 438424-438449 Sentence denotes It showed 100% agreement.
T65919 438450-438545 Sentence denotes From November 2016 to May 2017, a total of 159 patients were enrolled in HCV genotype analysis.
T8906 438546-438742 Sentence denotes The genotype or subtype 1a, 1b, 2, 2a, 2b, 3, 3a, 6, 6a and 6w were identified in 6.9%, 56.0%, 5.0%, 20.8%, 4.4%, 0.6%, 0.6%, 3.1%, 1.3% and 1.3% of the successfully amplified cases, respectively.
T51916 438743-438919 Sentence denotes At same period, we performed HCV NS5A mutation analysis on 54 patients, mutation of codon 31, 93, and both of them were detected in 3.7%, 18.5% and 1.9% of cases, respectively.
T12079 438920-438931 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T53514 438932-438998 Sentence denotes This study is still in progress, the conclution remaining unclear.
T58803 438999-439104 Sentence denotes However, naturally occurring RAVs to DAAs pre-exist in treatment-naive HCV genotype 1b-infected patients.
T6891 439105-439178 Sentence denotes Clinicians should consider RAVs before start DAA-based antiviral therapy.
T47860 439179-439285 Sentence denotes He suffered from upper airway infections (cough, running nose and sorethroat) 4-5 days prior to admission.
T44763 439286-439371 Sentence denotes He also fell onto the ground but brain CT showed no obvious intra-cranial hemorrhage.
T48658 439372-439537 Sentence denotes He suffered from rapid respiration and chest CT revealed subpleural consolidations at LUL and bilateral lower lobes, more at RLL, which favoured bilateral pneumonia.
T8759 439538-439643 Sentence denotes He had to be admitted to our intensive care unit after ET tube intubation and mechanical ventilation use.
T37381 439644-439684 Sentence denotes Influenza rapid test showed influenza A.
T73883 439685-439830 Sentence denotes Oral Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) was initiated and 600mg Peramivir (Rapiacta) was added in use as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) developed.
T96745 439831-439856 Sentence denotes FiO2 100% had to be used.
T14098 439857-439977 Sentence denotes However, his ARDS improved soon after Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and intra-venous Peramivir (Rapiacta) were continued in use.
T56612 439978-440168 Sentence denotes RT-PCR of Taiwan CDC confirmed influenza A (H3) infection. (Oseltamivir and Peramivir (Rapiacta) had been used for 5 days and 7 days respectively.) His ET tube could be removed 1 week later.
T82170 440169-440220 Sentence denotes He became stable and could be discharged on day 14.
T55492 440221-440543 Sentence denotes Discussion: (1) This patient suffered from severe respiratory complications induced by influenza but could get well soon after proper prompt use (within 24 hours) of the neuraminidase inhibitor. (2) There was not any guideline or studies about concurrent use of neuraminidase inhibitors Oseltamivir and Peramivir together.
T80080 440544-440624 Sentence denotes In our patient, his fever subsided after Peramivir use and no need for ECMO use.
T49966 440625-440725 Sentence denotes It seemed that Oseltamivir and Peramivir could be used together and had no antagonism to each other.
T62995 440726-440855 Sentence denotes After Peramivir binds to NA enzyme, they are not easily dissociated, and Peramivir can inhibit the NA activity for longer period.
T36165 440856-441068 Sentence denotes Reactivation of cytomegalovirus during the hospital course of sepsis and its association with outcome Hsin-Pai Chen 1 , Ping-Liang Hung 2 , Wan-Huai Teo 3 , Yuan-Ming Lee 4 , Yu-Jiun Chan 5 , Cheng-Yu Chen 2,6 *.
T75711 441069-441174 Sentence denotes Accumulating evidence suggests that CMV reactivates in critically ill patients such as those with sepsis.
T46953 441175-441360 Sentence denotes Controversy exists with respect to the association between CMV reactivation and outcome of sepsis, and how the virus reactivates during the course of sepsis were not fully investigated.
T50642 441361-441517 Sentence denotes In this study, we systemically investigated the reactivation pattern of CMV during the course of sepsis and correlated the results to the outcome of sepsis.
T64042 441518-441526 Sentence denotes Methods:
T91342 441527-441666 Sentence denotes For sepsis patients admitted to the intensive care unit, blood samples were collected on day 1, 4, 8, 14 , and 28 during the hospital stay.
T56172 441667-441745 Sentence denotes CMV was detected by PCR and the viral loads were measured by quantitative PCR.
T38414 441746-441798 Sentence denotes Serum cytokine and CMV IgG were determined by ELISA.
T9185 441799-441923 Sentence denotes Patients' clinical characteristics and survival within 28 days were recorded and correlated to the results of CMV detection.
T73421 441924-441932 Sentence denotes Results:
T96972 441933-441993 Sentence denotes All the 262 included patients were seropositive for CMV IgG.
T68911 441994-442114 Sentence denotes During the 28-day in-hospital follow-up course, CMV was detected by PCR at least once in 25.2% (66/262) of the patients.
T76011 442115-442204 Sentence denotes The positive rate of CMV PCR increased from the initial 7.7% on day 1 to 36.7% on day 28.
T14856 442205-442359 Sentence denotes The median viral load was lower during the early (day 1−8) than the late (day 14−28) follow-up phase (relative median viral load 1.42 vs 4.29, p = 0.020).
T35050 442360-442511 Sentence denotes Detection of CMV on day 1 was associated with a lower 28-day survival rate compared with those whose blood was negative for CMV on day 1 ( p = 0.0057).
T99913 442512-442656 Sentence denotes A higher serum interleukin (IL)-2 level, which denoted monocyte activation, was observed in patients with positive CMV PCR, especially on day 1.
T2409 442657-442668 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T87697 442669-442741 Sentence denotes The frequency of CMV reactivation increased during the course of sepsis.
T29611 442742-442840 Sentence denotes Early reactivation of CMV during the initial phase of sepsis was associated with a poorer outcome.
T99222 442841-442933 Sentence denotes Interaction between CMV and host monocytes may play a role in the pathophysiology of sepsis.
T11937 442934-443030 Sentence denotes Methanoculleus taiwanensis CYW4 T Wen-Hsin Wei, Chieh-Yin Weng, Sheng-Chung Chen, Mei-Chin Lai*.
T3531 443031-443117 Sentence denotes Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
T39293 443118-443129 Sentence denotes Background:
T47271 443130-443225 Sentence denotes Viruses infect all Three Domains of life, however the knowledge of archaeal viruses is limited.
T29004 443226-443416 Sentence denotes Lately, the diverse virus morphology and the independent virus development outside the extreme thermophilic/acidophilic archaeal host attracted the attention on archaea viral investigations.
T20720 443417-443552 Sentence denotes Currently, over 100 archaeal viruses have been discovered, most related to thermophilic Crenarchaea and extreme halophilic Euryarchaea.
T41811 443553-443634 Sentence denotes However, almost none methanoarchaeal virus was reported for the past two decades.
T97137 443635-443828 Sentence denotes From the core sediment on the top of gas hydrate habitat in the deformation front site offshore south-western Taiwan, Methanoculleus taiwanensis CYW4 T was enriched, isolated and characterized.
T71610 443829-443972 Sentence denotes Cell lysis was observed at stationary phase and a lytic virus (designed as Mta) which caused the lysis of strain CYW4 T was observed under TEM.
T32070 443973-443981 Sentence denotes Methods:
T88574 443982-444053 Sentence denotes The stationary phase grown M. taiwanensis CYW4 T culture was harvested.
T76126 444054-444152 Sentence denotes And virus was purified by PEG precipitation and gel filtration through a Sephacryl S-500HR column.
T43658 444153-444250 Sentence denotes The purified viral DNA was obtained after phenol/chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation.
T69950 444251-444323 Sentence denotes Whole genome sequencing of virus Mta was performed using Illumina MiSeq.
T33325 444324-444417 Sentence denotes Functions of predicted ORFs and putative conserved domain were analyzed by BLASTP and BLASTX.
T3715 444418-444496 Sentence denotes The distant homologs searches were performed by HHpred (Söding et al., 2005) .
T62272 444497-444508 Sentence denotes Background:
T70489 444509-444594 Sentence denotes Chronic active EBV disease (CAEBV) is a rare and fatal complication of EBV infection.
T70363 444595-444751 Sentence denotes Unlike the cases in western countries, where EBV infected B cells, the majority cases in Asia and South American are found in T cell or natural killer cell.
T69263 444752-444958 Sentence denotes CAEBV is characterized by (1) markedly elevated EBV antibody or EBV DNA in blood (2) histologic evidence of organ infiltrated with virusinfected cells (3) detection of EBV protein or nucleic acid in tissue.
T84960 444959-445080 Sentence denotes We report a fatal case of EBV positive clonal T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder presenting as pulmonary cryptococcosis.
T10040 445081-445089 Sentence denotes Methods:
T32148 445090-445229 Sentence denotes This 69 year-old farmer, was admitted in mid July, 2014, because of intermittent fever up to 39^C, cough with whitish sputum for two weeks.
T58630 445230-445359 Sentence denotes Cryptococcal pneumonia was confirmed by sono-guided lung biopsy in March, 2014, with blood cryptococcal antigen at titer of 1:64.
T77439 445360-445474 Sentence denotes Ineffective initial fluconazole treatment was replaced with combining liposomal amphotericin B and 5flurocytosine.
T25738 445475-445587 Sentence denotes Later, however, even adding pip/tazo treatment for possible nosocomial infection, the patient was still febrile.
T52231 445588-445596 Sentence denotes Results:
T47254 445597-445686 Sentence denotes On admission day 11, diffuse skin rash and multiple lymph nodes in level I∼IV were found.
T48099 445687-445783 Sentence denotes Chest and abdomen CT revealed multiple lymphadenopathy in neck, mediastinum and retroperitoneum.
T86411 445784-445838 Sentence denotes Skin rash biopsy showed dermis infiltrated by T cells.
T23931 445839-445947 Sentence denotes Neck lymph node showed necrotizing lymphadenitis with eosinophilic necrotic debris and lymphoid hyperplasia.
T50060 445948-446098 Sentence denotes Immunohistochemistry by staining CD3 was performed on fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, compared with in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER).
T76177 446099-446208 Sentence denotes Both skin biopsy and lymph node were positive for EBER and CD3, confirming EBV infected T cells ( Figure A) .
T51052 446209-446272 Sentence denotes Also, EBV viral load was markedly elevated of 72,888 copies/mL.
T95801 446273-446399 Sentence denotes Other study met the characteristics of CAEBV, including positive EBV-VCA-IgG, EBV-NA-IgG and negative EBV-VCA-IgM, EBV-EA-IgG.
T51335 446400-446538 Sentence denotes CD4 was 104/uL, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was initiated for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia, although HIV negative.
T30648 446539-446579 Sentence denotes Anti-IFN-gamma antibodies were negative.
T61437 446580-446666 Sentence denotes The patient became afebrile with tigecycline, and was discharged in late August, 2014.
T5821 446667-446766 Sentence denotes He completed 1 year oral itraconzole treatment, but died of sepsis at other hospital in June, 2017.
T56963 446767-446778 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T56693 446779-446974 Sentence denotes This case presented with pulmonary cryptococcosis was diagnosed with fatal T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with CAEBV which is characterized by generalized lymphadenopathy, fever, and rashes.
T27008 446975-447026 Sentence denotes EBV is detected in T cells by immunohistochemistry.
T5633 447027-447078 Sentence denotes Studies for T-cell clonality confirm the diagnosis.
T14421 447079-447203 Sentence denotes Topical use of antimicrobials for surgical prophylaxis in Australian hospitals Rodney James*, Kirsty Buising, Karin Thursky.
T38836 447204-447326 Sentence denotes National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000
T49656 447327-447338 Sentence denotes Background:
T76853 447339-447516 Sentence denotes There have been many studies supportive of the use of appropriately administered surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in reducing surgical site and other postoperative infections.
T89973 447517-447741 Sentence denotes Guidance for the appropriate use of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in Australia is available via national prescribing guidelines and suggested principles of antimicrobial prescribing in regard to surgical procedures are:
T96512 447742-447875 Sentence denotes • only prescribe prophylaxis if there is a clear need • the use of topical antimicrobials is not recommended for surgical prophylaxis
T89108 447876-448036 Sentence denotes The use of topical antimicrobials for prophylaxis during surgical procedures has been a practice commonly utilised by surgeons with limited evidence of benefit.
T40763 448037-448124 Sentence denotes There has currently been no major study into their general use in Australian hospitals.
T10511 448125-448133 Sentence denotes Methods:
T27038 448134-448253 Sentence denotes A Pilot Surgical National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey was conducted from the 18th April 2016 to 3rd November 2016.
T49906 448254-448437 Sentence denotes Using data from the 67 hospitals that participated in this pilot, the procedure groups for which topical antimicrobials were prescribed and appropriateness of these will be described.
T61779 448438-448449 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T8394 448450-448645 Sentence denotes Although topical antimicrobial surgical prophylaxis accounts for only a small percentage of intra-operative prescribing, more than three-quarters of these prescriptions were deemed inappropriate.
T42948 448646-448816 Sentence denotes Due to reported poor documentation of the use of topical antimicrobials in surgical procedures, this would represent an underestimate of the true proportion of their use.
T35910 448817-448979 Sentence denotes There were several procedures for which prophylaxis was prescribed with little to no evidence for their use highlighting areas where practices should be reviewed.
T19393 448980-449154 Sentence denotes Experiences share of antibiotics stewardship in four years and effectively reduce the multidrug-resistant organisms Hui-Yun Liang 1 , Iig-Ling Chen 1 , Hung-Jen Tang 1,2,3 *.
T37220 449155-449166 Sentence denotes Background:
T56193 449167-449237 Sentence denotes Drug resistance issues are worrisome and concerned all over the world.
T49108 449238-449306 Sentence denotes The appropriate use of antibiotics has been mentioned all the times.
T17522 449307-449551 Sentence denotes However, facing up to the constantly detection of the various multi drug resistance microorganisms, brings out that the rigor examinations and the control execution effectiveness of the antibiotic needs to be reviewed and improved all the time.
T78233 449552-449660 Sentence denotes Coordination from the antibiotics stewardship and the database system can make the control more effectively.
T64107 449661-449763 Sentence denotes Our hosptial since the beginning of the implementation of antibiotics stewardship has been four years.
T2058 449764-449857 Sentence denotes Both of the detection of drugresistant strains and the use of antibiotics have been declined.
T69511 449858-449866 Sentence denotes Methods:
T30107 449867-450274 Sentence denotes Our hospital has utilizing the database systems to assist executing in the antibiotic medication control, the infectious disease specialist would follow the "laboratory reports" and "current medical orders" at the analysis systems to exam then provide the professional commends especially before the report of the blood culture, it could only approved three days of antibiotics for the upgrade or downgrade.
T32175 450275-450425 Sentence denotes The quick identification of the equipments and methods can shorten the reporting time, so that clinicians can choose the appropriate anti-auxiliaries.
T92104 450426-450514 Sentence denotes Drugresistant bacteria were checked out immediately then proceed to isolate immediately.
T87053 450515-450631 Sentence denotes When the patient moves out then implement the disinfection of environmental cleaning and proceed the joint auditing.
T34093 450632-450640 Sentence denotes Results:
T59723 450641-450934 Sentence denotes Overview of the antibiotics stewardship in a 4-year study period (2013-2016) The DID Usage density of antibiotics (per 1,000 bed-day-occupancy) have been declined 30%, the Penicillins have been declined 35%, and Carbapenems declined 40%, Glycopeptide and Fluoroquinolone use to show stability.
T37025 450935-451062 Sentence denotes Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus reported a 50% drop in new cases.
T84967 451063-451074 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T66526 451075-451245 Sentence denotes The original use of antibiotics is for the treatment of bacterial infection, but must pay attention to the use of the period and follow the rules and the recommendations.
T55799 451246-451439 Sentence denotes To avoid the occurrence of bacteria cause by the filter pressure of orthodontic, need to pay attention to monitoring or induced bacterial resistance to follow up, Surely it should be monitored.
T55210 451440-451696 Sentence denotes Clinical impact of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in combination with antimicrobial stewardship intervention in adults with candidemia Nan-Yao Lee 1 , Ching-Lung Lo 2 , Wen-Liang Lin 3 , Jen-Chieh Lee 1 , Ming-Chi Li 1 , Chin-Shiang Tsai 1 , Wen-Chien Ko 1 *.
T32001 451697-451708 Sentence denotes Background:
T38585 451709-451783 Sentence denotes Candidemia is one of the severe infections associated with a poor outcome.
T28254 451784-452085 Sentence denotes Integration of rapid species identification via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) with antimicrobial stewardship intervention (ASI) has the potential to early customization of appropriate antifungal therapy and improvement in patient outcomes.
T5287 452086-452201 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to assess the impact of such an approach on the outcomes of adults with candidemia.
T61604 452202-452210 Sentence denotes Methods:
T40176 452211-452335 Sentence denotes A pre-post quasi-experimental study was conducted in a medical center in southern Taiwan from January 2015 to December 2016.
T91656 452336-452520 Sentence denotes The ASI team, mainly infection disease specialists, provided evidence-based antimicrobial recommendations after the receipt of the causative Candida species for the intervention group.
T55882 452521-452591 Sentence denotes Clinical outcomes were compared to that of a historical control group.
T44850 452592-452600 Sentence denotes Results:
T61834 452601-452677 Sentence denotes A total of 303 patients with candidemia were included in the final analysis:
T6437 452678-452755 Sentence denotes 151 patients in the intervention group and 152 patients in the control group.
T33500 452756-452926 Sentence denotes The intervention group had shorter time to Candida species identification (73.6 ± 31.7 vs. 105.2 ± 63.5 hours, P < 0.001) and to optimal antifungal therapy (1.2 ± 1.2 vs.
T47698 452927-452954 Sentence denotes 2.0 ± 1.6 days, P < 0.001).
T1158 452955-453180 Sentence denotes Of note, the sepsis-related mortality rate (17.2% vs. 27.6%; P = 0.038), 30-day crude mortality rate (27.2% vs. 39.5%; P = 0.028), in-hospital crude mortality (39.1% vs. 46.1%; P = 0.246) were lower in the intervention group.
T58837 453181-453395 Sentence denotes Conclusion: MALDI-TOF-MS in adjunction with ASI can result in rapid species identification, early initiation of optimal antifungal therapy, and most importantly a better clinical outcome for adults with candidemia.
T93291 453396-453503 Sentence denotes Klebsiella pneumoniae perirenal abscess complicated by endogenous endophthalmitis Shu Hua Lin, Che-Kim Tan.
T1883 453504-453545 Sentence denotes Chimei Medical Center Intensive Care Unit
T96950 453546-453557 Sentence denotes Background:
T26330 453558-453698 Sentence denotes Endogenous endophthalmitis is an uncommon but severe ocular infection caused by hematogenous bacterial seeding in bacteremia and septicemia.
T26195 453699-453882 Sentence denotes In East Asia, there is an increasing incidence of disease caused by gram-negative organisms, with Klebsiella pneumonia (KP) now as the most common cause of endogenous endophthalmitis.
T20988 453883-454042 Sentence denotes KP can produce infection at a variety of sites, with the risk being increased in patients with impaired host defenses (e.g., diabetes mellitus, liver abscess).
T96140 454043-454149 Sentence denotes KP is the main cause of Taiwan induced liver abscess, accounting for about 80% of all liver abscess cases.
T64587 454150-454220 Sentence denotes KP perirenal abscess complicated by endogenous endophthalmitis is few.
T26879 454221-454320 Sentence denotes Endogenous KP Endophthalmitis has an extremely poor prognosis, is exacerbated by delayed diagnosis.
T63362 454321-454442 Sentence denotes A 75 year-old female has been past histories of type II diabetes mellitus poor controlled and recent HbA1c revealed 9.9%.
T65759 454443-454530 Sentence denotes She was complained of left lower quadrant pain, sleepy and septic shock was also noted.
T42318 454531-454641 Sentence denotes The abdomen computed tomography revealed right perirenal abscess, that pigtail drainage catheter was inserted.
T47030 454642-454746 Sentence denotes The blood culture and pig tail drainage abscess culture showed KP, emperical antibiotic of flomoxef use.
T10305 454747-454935 Sentence denotes However, she started to have redness of left eye within 24 hr then she had sudden pain, eyelid swelling and conjunctival chemosis was found and endogenous KP endophthalmitis was suspected.
T69886 454936-455109 Sentence denotes A orbital computed tomography revealed left orbital intraconal/extraconal space and left periorbital abscess and postseptal cellulitis, consistent with left endophthalmitis.
T75783 455110-455118 Sentence denotes Results:
T29271 455119-455235 Sentence denotes Thus, the ophthalmology was given intravitreal injection of antibiotic of ceftazidime 2 mg/0.1 cc and eye drops use.
T39215 455236-455365 Sentence denotes Visual acuity in the left eye deteriorated to no light perception over a 48-hour period, the intraocular pressure was 47-49 mmHg.
T1259 455366-455457 Sentence denotes We adjusted antibiotic to meropenem and prescuded mannitol to reduced intraocular pressure.
T97862 455458-455591 Sentence denotes The left eye received intravitreal injection one dose, mannitol intravenous injection three dose and meropenem for two weeks therapy.
T7442 455592-455723 Sentence denotes Although, the left eye no bacteria could be cultured and blindness, but stable hemodynamic status and transferred to ordinary ward.
T88412 455724-455735 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T67815 455736-455781 Sentence denotes Acute endophthalmitis is a medical emergency.
T69444 455782-455880 Sentence denotes Endophthalmitis is a clinical diagnosis that is confirmed by positive aqueous or vitreous culture.
T33580 455881-455940 Sentence denotes However, a negative culture does not exclude the diagnosis.
T31940 455941-456099 Sentence denotes The primary part of the specimen culture and blood culture has a high diagnostic value, but because the eye is not easy to obtain a large number of specimens.
T57361 456100-456222 Sentence denotes Eye culture of the positive rate is low, even less than 30%, so usually as long as the clinical symptoms can be diagnosed.
T84165 456223-456588 Sentence denotes Decrease in ambulatory consumption of cephalexin and cotrimoxasole in the period of five years (2001) (2002) (2003) (2004) (2005) (2006) was observed, followed by significant decline in antimicrobial resistance of E. coli to these two drugs (to 10.2% and 23.3% in 2010, and to 6.7% and 24.5% in 2015, respectively), especially in females aged <65 years ( p < 0,01).
T37327 456589-456725 Sentence denotes The highest resistance rates for any isolate-antimicrobial combination ( particularly to fluoroquinolones) were detected in older males.
T56995 456726-456910 Sentence denotes The total proportion of ESBL producing E. coli strains rose from 1.6% in 2005 to 4.0% in 2010, and to 5% in 2015, with especially high resistance rate in older age groups ( p < 0.001).
T74396 456911-456922 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T44446 456923-457036 Sentence denotes Decrease in consumption of certain antibiotics in the community leads to improvement in bacterial susceptibility.
T50001 457037-457164 Sentence denotes Due to the updates in Croatian guidelines on empirical treatment of CA-UTIs, changes in ambulatory use of antibiotics occurred.
T64270 457165-457405 Sentence denotes Withdrawal of amoxicillin, cephalexin and co-trimoxasole from the list of first line agents for empirical treatment of uncomplicated cystitis, elicited significant improvement in susceptibility of uropathogenic E. coli to these antibiotics.
T23185 457406-457673 Sentence denotes Since no obvious rise in fluoroquinolones use occurred, the increasing trend in resistance which might be caused by the spread of highly epidemic fluoroquinolone-resistant uropathogenic E. coli clonal groups, particularly in older men, requires further investigation.
T96046 457674-457866 Sentence denotes Treatment of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli bacteremia at a medical center in northern Taiwan Tsai-Wei Wang 1,2 , Ting-Ching Wu 1 , Chi-Lan Kao 1 , Wan-Tsui Huang 1 .
T17336 457867-457884 Sentence denotes Clinical outcome:
T69575 457885-458126 Sentence denotes In the total duration of antibiotics treatment, the ETC-flomoxef was 14.5 ± 6.28 days, the ETC-quinolone was 11.5 ± 3.35 days; the DTC-flomoxef was 11 ± 3.6 days, the DTC-quinolone was 12.3 ± 5.2 days, the DTC-carbapenem was 15.7 ± 6.3 days.
T12338 458127-458247 Sentence denotes In the 30-day mortality rate, all groups of ETC were 0%; the DTCcarbapenem was 8.6%, whereas the other 2 groups were 0%.
T15797 458248-458413 Sentence denotes In the 30-day relapse rate, the ETC-flomoxef was 35%, the ETCquinolone was 0%; the DTC-flomoxef was 33.3%, the DTC-quinolone was 16.7%, the DTC-carbapenem was 31.4%.
T21446 458414-458633 Sentence denotes In DTC-carbapenem, its higher rate of mortality and relapse may relate to the patients' characteristics of more percentage of DM (45.7%), malignancy (45.7%), immunosuppression (42.9%), and nosocomial bacteremia (25.7%).
T36104 458634-458715 Sentence denotes All the data of clinical outcomes showed no statistically significant difference.
T59933 458716-458727 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T51274 458728-458811 Sentence denotes Compared to ETC-quinolone, ETC-flomoxef revealed a tendency of higher relapse rate.
T73470 458812-458910 Sentence denotes In the definitive therapy, the flomoxef use in our hospital was restricted due to lack of the MIC.
T99783 458911-458997 Sentence denotes Next-step, we should take comorbid conditions and disease severity into consideration.
T91279 458998-459086 Sentence denotes Recruiting more patients validated by Charlson score should be done in the future study.
T90561 459087-459197 Sentence denotes Invasive pulmonary aspergillus with lung fibrosis, probably the sequelae of influenza infection Chia-Chen Hsu.
T57488 459198-459245 Sentence denotes Chi Mei Medical Center, Intensive Care Medicine
T2909 459246-459257 Sentence denotes Background:
T96631 459258-459341 Sentence denotes Fatal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) may follow viral influenza infections.
T34709 459342-459444 Sentence denotes Superinfection or coinfections are major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with influenza.
T68112 459445-459608 Sentence denotes We conducted a patient with IPA following influenza infection with refractory hypoxemia by Veno-venous mode extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) therapy.
T5807 459609-459621 Sentence denotes Case report:
T55915 459622-459682 Sentence denotes A 60-year-old man with hypertension history presented to ED.
T31592 459683-459795 Sentence denotes According to his family, he visited a friend about 7 days ago, and his friend had the symptoms of a common cold.
T20459 459796-459896 Sentence denotes Few days later, fever, frequent cough during spiking fever, scanty sputum and sore throat developed.
T26831 459897-459934 Sentence denotes Shortness of breath was also noticed.
T49428 459935-460090 Sentence denotes In emergency department, acute respiratory failure developed, so endotracheal intubation was performed and the patient was admitted to intensive care unit.
T71258 460091-460206 Sentence denotes Oseltamivir, intravenous (iv) with broad-spectrum antibiotic, vasopressor and iv albumin supplement were initiated.
T53180 460207-460291 Sentence denotes However, refractory hypoxemia was noticed so lung recruitment therapy was performed.
T86885 460292-460385 Sentence denotes After the discussion with cardiovascular surgeon and family members, the VV-ECMO was applied.
T48189 460386-460465 Sentence denotes The serum Aspergillosis antigen was positive; therefore voriconazole was added.
T21499 460466-460598 Sentence denotes Owing to the development of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), unstable hemodynamic status and oxygenation did not improve.
T48004 460599-460658 Sentence denotes Another 5-day course of oseltamivir was then administrated.
T19394 460659-460764 Sentence denotes Repeated Real Time PCR for FluA showed positive result, so another 5-day course of oseltamivir was given.
T71521 460765-460867 Sentence denotes Antibiotics were shifted to Imipenem, voriconazole and Sulbactam sodium because of intermittent fever.
T9480 460868-460977 Sentence denotes However, desaturation and profound shock developed despite of vasopressor and aggressive fluid resuscitation.
T79469 460978-461022 Sentence denotes Progressive hepatic failure developed later.
T38470 461023-461114 Sentence denotes We discussed with the family about the grave prognosis and they requested for hospice care.
T5612 461115-461173 Sentence denotes We removed ECMO and the patient expired three weeks later.
T30930 461174-461185 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T16913 461186-461269 Sentence denotes In summary, Aspergillus is a potential complication of severe influenza infections.
T35524 461270-461411 Sentence denotes Progressive pulmonary infection after the initial diagnosis of influenza should raise the suspicion of superinfections including Aspergillus.
T40048 461412-461572 Sentence denotes It is important to take heed of positive sputum microscopy and cultures for Aspergillus in this setting and to follow up with appropriate diagnostic procedures.
T45270 461573-461662 Sentence denotes Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to this fatal complication of influenza disease.
T99054 461663-461790 Sentence denotes Empirical caspofungin for severe influenza suspected with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis Hui-Chun Chao 1 , Wen-Liang Yu 1,2 .
T79659 461791-461918 Sentence denotes During recent years, a rising incidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in critically ill patients has been reported.
T64 461919-462099 Sentence denotes IPA was diagnosed in critically ill patients with H1N1 virus infection after 3 days of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, which render them more vulnerable for fungal infections.
T93308 462100-462147 Sentence denotes The mortality of IPA remains as high as 30-50%.
T47989 462148-462298 Sentence denotes Backbone of management are prophylaxis, early diagnosis and early initiation of antifungals for reduction of invasive aspergillosis related mortality.
T47609 462299-462311 Sentence denotes Case report:
T92628 462312-462439 Sentence denotes A 53 years old man has a major past history of hyperuricemia with gout, dyslipidemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD), stage 5.
T92332 462440-462497 Sentence denotes He suffered from progressive dyspnea in recent 1∼2 weeks.
T28183 462498-462673 Sentence denotes Then, he was brought to our emergency room and the laboratory data revealed anemia, hyperkalemia, acute on CKD with uremia, elevated cardiac enzyme, severe metobolic acidosis.
T15355 462674-462788 Sentence denotes Rapid Influenza virus antigen revealed positive and chest X-ray showed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
T38821 462789-462877 Sentence denotes Due to respiratory failure, intubation was done and emergent hemodialysis was performed.
T93914 462878-462943 Sentence denotes Empiric antibiotics with tazobactam, caspofungin and oseltamivir.
T41334 462944-462982 Sentence denotes All culture revealed negative finding.
T91360 462983-463075 Sentence denotes Meanwhile, the result of a serum aspergilus galactomannan (GM) antigen assay was 0.88 index.
T94266 463076-463102 Sentence denotes So we kept antifungus use.
T92899 463104-463255 Sentence denotes Clinical significance of regional multicenter surveillance on antimicrobial consumption and resistance in Japanese acute care hospitals Arufumi Shiota.
T95041 463256-463393 Sentence denotes Aichi Prefectural Infection Control Network; Department of Infection Control and Prevention Aichi Medical University Hospital Background:
T85930 463394-463532 Sentence denotes Regional continuous monitoring of antimicrobial consumption is very important to prevent the development of drug resistance in the region.
T39892 463533-463716 Sentence denotes Aichi Prefectural Infection Control Network, which is led by the regional administration in Japan, has performed a surveillance of antimicrobial consumption and resistance after 2010.
T28973 463717-463856 Sentence denotes Herewith, we present the results of the regional multicenter evaluation of the antimicrobial consumption and resistance within seven years.
T68918 463857-463868 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T32650 463869-463954 Sentence denotes We had clarified the regional transition of antimicrobial consumption in seven years.
T40255 463955-464154 Sentence denotes Notably, although analysis of carbapenems consumption showed an increase based on the values measured by AUD and DOT after 2013, no increase was noted in the carbapenems resistance for P. aeruginosa.
T52083 464155-464255 Sentence denotes The AUD/DOT ratio of carbapenems might contribute decreased carbapenems resistance in P. aeruginosa.
T70081 464256-464357 Sentence denotes Previous studies also showed that high plasma concentration of linezolid may induce thrombocytopenia.
T71068 464358-464535 Sentence denotes Only few studies demonstrated the relationship between plasma concentration and clinical outcomes, and to our knowledge, no research was conducted in the Han Chinese population.
T25720 464536-464645 Sentence denotes This study aimed to investigate the association between concentration of linezolid, AEs and clinical outcome.
T4996 464646-464654 Sentence denotes Methods:
T41828 464655-464777 Sentence denotes A prospective observational study was performed in a tertiary teaching hospital between December 1, 2016 and May 15, 2017.
T50923 464778-464859 Sentence denotes Adult patients with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of linezolid were included.
T45422 464860-464988 Sentence denotes Linezolid peak and trough concentrations were measured by HPLC and then used to calculate the 24 hour areaunder-the-curve (AUC).
T86088 464989-465053 Sentence denotes All patients' data were collected via electronic medical charts.
T41097 465054-465221 Sentence denotes The safety and clinical outcomes were assessed throughout the treatment course until 7 days after the completeness of linezolid and 30-day mortality was also recorded.
T83710 465222-465358 Sentence denotes All AEs were evaluated by Naranjo score, and the definite/probable AEs were defined as linezolid-related adverse events in the analysis.
T85269 465359-465367 Sentence denotes Results:
T65612 465368-465456 Sentence denotes Among 49 patients enrolled in the study, mean age were 61.2 years old and 49% were male.
T94187 465457-465544 Sentence denotes There were 66 linezolid TDMs collected, and most (80.4%) were performed within 14 days.
T41088 465545-465746 Sentence denotes The median trough, peak and AUC of standard dose (600 mg twice daily) and reduced dose (600 mg daily) were 9.19 mg/L, 24.33 mg/L, 360.98 mg/L-hr and 3.48 mg/L, 21.59 mg/L, 199.97 mg/L-hr, respectively.
T38021 465747-465885 Sentence denotes Plasma concentrations were 1.5-to 2 folds higher than which in the prescribing information but similar to the results in Japanese studies.
T2579 465886-465995 Sentence denotes Thrombocytopenia was the most common adverse events (62%) and peripheral neuropathy appeared infrequent (6%).
T16073 465996-466094 Sentence denotes Median trough concentration was significantly higher in patients with thrombocytopenia (total AEs:
T36227 466095-466140 Sentence denotes 13.06 vs. 6.97 mg/L, p = 0.0292; related AEs:
T5785 466141-466174 Sentence denotes 17.55 vs. 6.97 mg/L, p = 0.0007).
T46656 466175-466284 Sentence denotes Median trough level was also significantly higher in related leukopenia AE (22.54 vs. 9.62 mg/L, p = 0.0291).
T3520 466285-466436 Sentence denotes No association was identified between plasma concentration and anemia, lactic acidosis, peripheral neuropathy or clinical outcomes including mortality.
T4211 466437-466448 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T342 466449-466615 Sentence denotes Linezolid plasma concentrations of standard dose were 1.5-to 2 folds higher than which in the prescribing information, but similar to the results in Japanese studies.
T51965 466616-466811 Sentence denotes Higher trough concentration was associated with thrombocytopenia and leukopenia; however, no significant difference was observed between linezolid concentration and other AEs or clinical outcome.
T61329 466812-466926 Sentence denotes Dose adjustment tailored by TDM may be considered to prevent linezolid associated thrombocytopenia and leukopenia.
T95698 466927-467065 Sentence denotes Investigation of the outcome of patients infected with MDR (multi-drug resistant) pathogens in one regional hospital at Southern Taiwan 2.
T73861 467066-467176 Sentence denotes The culture sites of clinical specimens were more on sputum (110), urine (51), than blood (24) and wound (13).
T81967 467177-467179 Sentence denotes 3.
T43856 467180-467274 Sentence denotes The distribution of age was more above 60 year-old (80%) and male predominant (54%) was noted.
T64540 467275-467277 Sentence denotes 4.
T42212 467278-467401 Sentence denotes The outcome of our cohort was more on refer to medical center (59%), still admission (22%) than died (13%), discharge (6%).
T69171 467402-467413 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T66961 467414-467416 Sentence denotes 1.
T72617 467417-467553 Sentence denotes More and more MDR pathogens were isolated from clinical specimens and morbidity and mortality were increasing in these elderly patients.
T43976 467554-467556 Sentence denotes 2.
T72960 467557-467664 Sentence denotes The curde mortality rate of our cohort was 13% and MRSA, CRAB were predominant (69%) between MDR pathogens.
T13376 467665-467667 Sentence denotes 3.
T32332 467668-467819 Sentence denotes Limitation of staff and equipment available, there were many patients refer to medical center (59%) and transfer back to long term care facility later.
T44319 467820-467822 Sentence denotes 4.
T31417 467823-467949 Sentence denotes Respiratory and urinary tract infection were two major sites of infection at our hospital, especial at these elderly patients.
T31050 467950-467952 Sentence denotes 5.
T20567 467953-468075 Sentence denotes Targeted group (elderly and long term care) was our focus of infection control and well antibiotic stewardship was needed.
T61072 468076-468217 Sentence denotes Effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship programme in reducing incidence of ESBL cases Lau Hui Shan 1 *, Wong Ke Juin 2 , Fong Siew Moy 3 .
T25426 468218-468334 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Pharmacy, 2 Infection control Unit, 3 Infection control Unit, Hospital Wanita dan Kanak kanak, Sabah
T8169 468335-468346 Sentence denotes Background:
T94236 468347-468520 Sentence denotes Since the first reported case of Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) in 1983, these resistant beta-lactamases has been reported worldwide and its presence is ubiquitous.
T83769 468521-468633 Sentence denotes Cefuroxime is one of the cephalosporin that has been implicated in the emergence of ESBL gram negative organism.
T3243 468634-468832 Sentence denotes The ESBL rate in paediatric surgical ward in Hospital Wanita and Kanak-kanak Sabah (HWKKS) was alarmingly high from our surveillance study and it could be linked with the common usage of cefuroxime.
T84089 468833-469053 Sentence denotes The objective of this study is to describe the effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programme in reducing the incidence of ESBL producing Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kleb Pneumoniae).
T83499 469054-469062 Sentence denotes Methods:
T91422 469063-469159 Sentence denotes This study was conducted from July 2015 to December 2016 in a peadiatric surgical ward in HWKKS.
T82073 469160-469304 Sentence denotes For first six months, usage of Intraveneous (IV) cefuroxime 750 mg, described in number of vials and total number of ESBL cases were calculated.
T26143 469305-469365 Sentence denotes All positive ESBL cultures from any specimens were included.
T29876 469366-469496 Sentence denotes Starting January 2016 AMS team suggested IV ampicilin/sulbactam 1.5 g as an alternative to cefuroxime in peadiatric surgical ward.
T42136 469497-469568 Sentence denotes After the intervention, a 6 monthly post interventional audit was done.
T66076 469569-469676 Sentence denotes Occurence rate of ESBL case pre and post intervention were compared with mean score of iv cefuroxime usage.
T71057 469677-469685 Sentence denotes Results:
T97534 469686-469751 Sentence denotes Two hundred and forty-seven patients were included in this study.
T88669 469752-469936 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences in the variation of Clcr with vancomycin treatment in daily dose (≧30 mg/kg /day vs <30 mg/kg/day) and duration of treatment (≧7 days vs <7 days).
T69207 469937-470196 Sentence denotes However, the creatinine clearance decreased after vancomycin treatment, comparing with baseline (before treatment), were a significant difference in the total dose of vancomycin treatment (≧14 g or <14 g) and the vancomycin trough level (≧15 mg/L or <15 m/L).
T76206 470197-470208 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T6966 470209-470345 Sentence denotes This study demonstrates the higher vancomycin cumulative dosage and trough level were associated with higher incidence of kidney injury.
T97979 470346-470577 Sentence denotes Further studies should be performed to evaluate the correlation between dosage and trough level to treatment response, and assess the applicability of high dose regimen of vancomycin in Taiwanese population based on IDSA guideline.
T17183 470578-470778 Sentence denotes Impact of antibiotic stewardship and rapid diagnostic testing on coagulase-negative staphylococcus blood cultures Wen-Liang Lin 1 *, Nan-Yao Lee 2 , Hui-Hung Yu 1 , Wen-Chien Ko 2 , Pheng-Ying Yeh 1 .
T736 470779-470790 Sentence denotes Background:
T78439 470791-470948 Sentence denotes A part of Escherichia coli most frequently isolated as a causative agent on urinary tract infection is a strain called UPEC (Uropathogenic Escherichia coli).
T39040 470949-471120 Sentence denotes UPEC is involved in chronicity and refractory urinary tract infections due to adhesion and invasion to the urothelial cell surface by type I pili and formation of Biofilm.
T60863 471121-471292 Sentence denotes It is elucidated in our previous study that proanthocyanidin A2(PAC), a cranberry-specific component, influences the adhesion and invasiveness of UPEC to urothelial cells.
T41653 471293-471443 Sentence denotes In addition, there are reports that PACs affect the quorum-sensing mechanism contributing to the formation of Biofilm and decrease pathogenic factors.
T58957 471444-471452 Sentence denotes Methods:
T10047 471453-471673 Sentence denotes As strains to be used, 3 strains (BK1, BK2, BK3) of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), standard strain E. coli K12, Pseudomonas aeruginosa standard strain PAO1 and blood derived Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1 strain (568).
T93568 471674-471810 Sentence denotes First, the Microtiter Plate Assay was performed to evaluate biofilm formation and compared with non-addition of PAC and addition of PAC.
T62102 471811-471955 Sentence denotes Second, expression of csgA, csgD, crl, fimH which are biofilm related genes of Escherichia coli was examined by Polymerase Chain Reaction assay.
T79494 471956-472063 Sentence denotes Moreover, the inhibitory effect of PAC on the expression of biofilm associated genes was also investigated.
T24182 472064-472072 Sentence denotes Results:
T19736 472073-472173 Sentence denotes Biofilm formation was more decreased in case of addition of PAC than in case of non-addition of PAC.
T30527 472174-472245 Sentence denotes K12, BK1, BK2 and BK3 all expressed the genes of csgA, csgD, crl, fimH.
T6047 472246-472337 Sentence denotes However, even if PAC is added, it did not affect to expression of biofilm genes of E. coli.
T7557 472338-472349 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T82822 472350-472491 Sentence denotes Our study showed that PAC suppresses biofilm formation and proved that its cause is not inhibiting the expression of biofilm associated gene.
T37308 472492-472697 Sentence denotes In addition, it was inferred that the cause of inhibition of biofilm formation by PAC is not by the gene mutation but the PAC itself influences intermolecular relationship such as quorum-sensing mechanism.
T20366 472698-472786 Sentence denotes Therefore, we need to further investigate how PAC affects quorum-sensing intermolecular.
T53780 472787-472841 Sentence denotes Chih-Hao Hung 1 *, Tien-Yuan Wu 1,2 , Chi-Hua Chen 1 .
T33085 472842-473047 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan, 2 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan Background:
T60219 473048-473122 Sentence denotes Colistin is a polymyxin class of antibiotics with bactericidal properties.
T75061 473123-473339 Sentence denotes It has excellent bactericidal ability for many nosocomial infections, including Acinetobacter species, Enterobacter species, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
T3020 473340-473512 Sentence denotes Due to the limitations of antibiotics selection for multidrug resistance gram-negative bacteria (MDR-G(-)) infected pneumonia, the risk of infection mortality is very high.
T48009 473513-473594 Sentence denotes In this case, colsitn is the most common used antibiotic for MDR-G(-) infections.
T12626 473595-473765 Sentence denotes Except conventional intravenous(iv) injection of colistin, inhaled colistin increasing the concentration in lung tissue is a new administration route as an off-label use.
T90376 473766-473840 Sentence denotes However, the uncertainty effectiveness and safety need more investigation.
T93831 473841-473943 Sentence denotes Therefore, the effectiveness of inhalation colistin was compare with injection colistin in this study.
T46480 473944-473952 Sentence denotes Methods:
T21948 473953-474088 Sentence denotes Patients from January to December in 2016 using iv injection and inhaled colistin for more than 72 hours were enrolled into this study.
T5801 474089-474256 Sentence denotes The assessment criteria included bacterial culture results, down-grade or withdrawal colistin after treatment, the average length of hospital stay, and mortality rate.
T51570 474257-474265 Sentence denotes Results:
T96250 474266-474364 Sentence denotes The total number of patients treated with colistin iv vs. inhalation were 106 vs. 56 respectively.
T42665 474365-474434 Sentence denotes The mean age was 74.01 ± 14.51 years old vs. 75.82 ± 13.19 years old.
T54179 474435-474515 Sentence denotes The days of drug use were 10.09 ± 4.56 days vs. 11.06 ± 6.40 days, respectively.
T52278 474516-474624 Sentence denotes Down-grade or withdrawal colistin after treatment was 55 cases (51.89%) vs. 24 cases (42.86%), respectively.
T22067 474625-474757 Sentence denotes The average hospital stay was 28.50 ± 17.17 days vs. 46.00 ± 25.41 days after treatment, the mortality rates were 50.94% vs. 53.57%.
T524 474758-474769 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T36066 474770-474877 Sentence denotes In the study, iv injection of colistin in patients with complex infection was still better than inhalation.
T1081 474878-475039 Sentence denotes At present, iv injection of colstin treating hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) or ventilator acquired pneumonia (VAP) was still recommended as the primary route.
T21902 475040-475202 Sentence denotes Since the patients used colistin with very complicated infections, the effectiveness and safety may need the largescale clinical studies to approve in the future.
T67014 475203-475398 Sentence denotes Hypersensitivity to betalactam antibiotics: results of a 10-year study based on clinical history, skin and challenge tests Adnene Toumi 1 *, Karim Aouam 2 , Mohamed Chakroun 1 , Amel Chaabane 2 .
T2386 475399-475559 Sentence denotes 1 Infectious Diseases Department, UR 12SP41, Monastir University Hospital, Tunisia, 2 Pharmacology Department, Monastir University Hospital, Tunisia Background:
T17287 475560-475716 Sentence denotes Betalactams hypersensitivity remains overestimated because of the lack of an objective diagnosis tool which leading to unjustified therapeutic alternatives.
T415 475717-475966 Sentence denotes This study has been performed in order to analyze the epidemiological, clinical and chronological features of betalactams hypersensitivity, to evaluate the skin tests value, and to establish a practical approach exploring such drug hypersensitivity.
T28815 475967-475975 Sentence denotes Methods:
T96783 475976-476118 Sentence denotes We included all adverse effects suspected to be induced by betalactams and notified to the pharmacovigilance unit of Monastir during 10 years.
T3682 476119-476183 Sentence denotes The drug imputability was established according to Begaud et al.
T86286 476184-476191 Sentence denotes Method.
T35358 476192-476241 Sentence denotes Skin tests were performed as recommended by ENDA.
T50527 476242-476250 Sentence denotes Results:
T50778 476251-476334 Sentence denotes Betalactams hypersensitivity was retained for 168 cases (25% of all notifications).
T94642 476335-476403 Sentence denotes Almost all of reactions were cutaneous mainly macula-papular rashes.
T32010 476404-476440 Sentence denotes The severity was estimated at 11.3%.
T93911 476441-476487 Sentence denotes The delayed reactions occurred 60.7% of cases.
T58862 476488-476533 Sentence denotes All reactions resolved after drug withdrawal.
T91104 476534-476574 Sentence denotes We identified 19 positive rechallengers.
T74559 476575-476650 Sentence denotes Skin tests were performed for 386 cases and were positive in 26.2% of them.
T74482 476651-476697 Sentence denotes Penicillins were implicated in 62.5% of cases.
T23815 476698-476760 Sentence denotes Almost all of immediate reactions were induced by penicillins.
T33352 476761-476838 Sentence denotes The hypersensitivity was selective to one betalactam in nearly half of cases.
T59803 476839-476998 Sentence denotes Cross-reactivity was objectified among penicillins and cephalosporins in 19% of cases, involving piperacillin-tazobactam in two cases and imipenem in one case.
T48499 476999-477010 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T90521 477011-477151 Sentence denotes Through the present study, we determined the betalactams hypersensitivity reactions feature and developed an exploration practical approach.
T60812 477152-477229 Sentence denotes The diagnosis was confirmed using skin tests and a possible dreg rechallenge.
T62783 477230-477304 Sentence denotes To improve these findings, drug provocation test would be a reliable tool.
T2631 477305-477596 Sentence denotes PS 296 ATP has antimicrobial activity based on the chelating action of the ferric ions and shows its combined effect with anti-Mycobacterium avium complex drugs Yutaka Tatano 1 *, Yuichi Kanehiro 2 , Seiko Yamabe 2 , Chiaki Sano 2 , Toshiaki Shimizu 4 , Hideki Yagi 1 , Haruaki Tomioka 2,5 .
T79538 477597-478001 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2 Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 3 Department of Nutritional Sciences, Yasuda Women's University, 4 Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Nursing, Department of Primary Education, Yasuda Women's University Background: ATP up-regulates macrophage antimycobacterial activity in a P2X 7 -dependent manner.
T64388 478002-478115 Sentence denotes However, whether ATP directly exhibits antimicrobial effects against intracellular mycobacteria is still unknown.
T2536 478116-478268 Sentence denotes Since we recognized direct antibacterial activity in ATP against bacteria including mycobacteria, we studied the mechanism of its antimicrobial effects.
T38564 478269-478424 Sentence denotes Additionally, we examined the detailed profile of the anti-Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) activity of some antimicrobial agents in combination with ATP.
T21771 478425-478433 Sentence denotes Methods:
T52586 478434-478545 Sentence denotes We used mycobacteria including MAC, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and common bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus.
T73041 478546-478739 Sentence denotes To confirm the mediation of antibacterial activity of ATP by its ironchelating effect, we established an enterobactin-deficient mutant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae by deleting the entB gene.
T47524 478740-478817 Sentence denotes Bacterial siderophore production was measured by CAS (Chrome Azurol S) assay.
T76753 478818-478959 Sentence denotes We used clarithromycin, ethambutol, rifampin and rifabutin to evaluate the combined effects of ATP with anti-MAC drugs against MAC organisms.
T25449 478960-478968 Sentence denotes Results:
T2724 478969-479065 Sentence denotes The species and strain dependency of common bacteria were examined for their ATP susceptibility.
T9528 479066-479121 Sentence denotes ATP markedly inhibited the growth of M. intracellulare.
T93032 479122-479189 Sentence denotes Meanwhile, M. avium was moderately susceptible or resistant to ATP.
T26261 479190-479237 Sentence denotes S. aureus was moderately to highly susceptible.
T67800 479238-479310 Sentence denotes ATP's anti-MAC activity was significantly reduced by MgCl 2 and FeCl 3 .
T24784 479311-479443 Sentence denotes ATP-resistant Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae produced significant levels of siderophores when cultivated in the presence of ATP.
T56289 479444-479534 Sentence denotes ATP exhibited moderate levels of antimicrobial effects on the mutant K. pneumoniae strain.
T37254 479535-479661 Sentence denotes Moreover, it was found that the anti-MAC activity of the selected drugs was markedly potentiated in a strain-dependent manner.
T88008 479662-479814 Sentence denotes In this case, the onset of the regrowth of antimicrobial agent-treated mycobacteria during cultivation was significantly delayed in the presence of ATP.
T62912 479815-479826 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T29733 479827-479930 Sentence denotes In this study, ATP's antibacterial activity was found to be attributable to its iron-chelating ability.
T24282 479931-480070 Sentence denotes We also found that ATP inhibited the growth of various bacteria, including mycobacteria, without damaging the bacterial surface structures.
T35267 480071-480188 Sentence denotes Thus, ATP is promising as an adjunctive agent for chemotherapy against mycobacterial infections using anti-MAC drugs.
T56481 480189-480300 Sentence denotes We are currently examining the change in anti-MAC activity on increasing the intramacrophage ATP concentration.
T48561 480301-480515 Sentence denotes Evaluation of synergistic antibacterial mechanism between SC5005 and a natural product against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Chui-Hian Lim 1 , Chia-Min Yuan 1 , Chung-Wai Shaiu 2 , Hao-Chieh Chiu 1 *.
T17500 480516-480527 Sentence denotes Background:
T7207 480528-480626 Sentence denotes The emergence of antibiotic resistance has imposed a serious challenge to public health worldwide.
T4043 480627-480747 Sentence denotes In the United States, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections claim nearly 11,300 lives each year.
T1620 480748-480883 Sentence denotes As conventional antibiotics are not sufficient to treat MRSA infections, a new antibiotic with novel action mechanism is highly needed.
T44530 480884-481030 Sentence denotes Previously, our group showed a small-molecule compound, SC5005, exhibiting synergistic antibacterial activity with a natural product against MRSA.
T26930 481031-481115 Sentence denotes Here, we aim to uncover the synergistic antibacterial mechanism of this combination.
T8346 481116-481124 Sentence denotes Methods:
T45291 481125-481252 Sentence denotes The antibacterial activity of SC5005 combined with HRCA7 against MRSA was assessed by MIC assay, MBC assay and Time-Kill assay.
T28729 481253-481373 Sentence denotes The cell toxicity of this combination was examined in different epithelial cell lines by using MTT cell viability assay.
T62238 481374-481493 Sentence denotes Furthermore, in vivo efficacy of SC5005 in combination with HRCA7 is evaluated in a mouse model of MRSA skin infection.
T33648 481494-481502 Sentence denotes Results:
T86662 481503-481645 Sentence denotes The screening of nature products identified HRCA7, which is capable of potentiating SC5005's antibacterial activity for more than 8,000 times.
T69281 481646-481796 Sentence denotes This combination also displayed a fast-killing activity against MRSA as demonstrated by an over 97% eradication of bacteria in broth within 5 minutes.
T34930 481797-481897 Sentence denotes In contrast, no effect of HRCA7 on SC5005's cytotoxicity toward human epithelial cells was observed.
T34971 481898-482021 Sentence denotes Subsequent experimental result indicated that short exposure of MRSA to SC5005 increased bacterial susceptibility to HRCA7.
T43853 482022-482355 Sentence denotes While the combinatory effect of SC5005 and HRCA7 can be reduced by antioxidants with long acyl-chain, including astaxanthin and alpha-tocopherol, in a dose-dependent manner, the addition of phenolic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), by contrast, stablized HRCA7 and increased the antibacterial activity of this combination.
T79052 482356-482466 Sentence denotes Currently, studies to evaluate the efficacy of SC5005 combined with HRCA7 on MRSA skin infection are underway.
T2179 482467-482478 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T79486 482479-482625 Sentence denotes The findings provide strong evidences that HRCA7's prooxidant activity plays an important role in the synergistic bactericidal effect with SC5005.
T64691 482626-482719 Sentence denotes This combination could be further developed as a topical medication for MRSA skin infections.
T51292 482720-482868 Sentence denotes In vitro activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae isolates from medical center in Taiwan Background:
T77314 482869-482999 Sentence denotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae are leading nosocomial gram-negative pathogens which are often multi-drug resistant.
T34670 483000-483307 Sentence denotes Ceftolozane-tazobactam (TOL/TAZ), an antipseudomonal cephalosporin with a β-lactamase inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (in combination with metronidazole) and complicated urinary tract infections by FDA in the United States and by European Medicines Agency.
T48203 483308-483316 Sentence denotes Methods:
T64165 483317-483608 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial susceptibility of TOL/TAZ and ten comparators (cefepime, cefoperazone-sulbactam, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, colistin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam (PIP/TAZ) and tigecycline) was evaluated against isolates collected from medical centers in Taiwan.
T62700 483609-483732 Sentence denotes All testing of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) followed 2016 CLSI guidelines at a central laboratory (IHMA, Inc.).
T3785 483733-483841 Sentence denotes Results were interpreted using CLSI guidelines for all drugs except colistin (EUCAST) and tigecycline (FDA).
T89446 483842-483899 Sentence denotes Quality control strains were used in each day of testing.
T52682 483900-483911 Sentence denotes Background:
T14982 483912-484016 Sentence denotes Antibiotic therapy is the recommended choice for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections currently.
T13100 484017-484091 Sentence denotes Multidrug therapy is a standard practice, but few treatment options exist.
T45570 484092-484184 Sentence denotes Solution of intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance is a major difficulty of treatment.
T82831 484185-484372 Sentence denotes Several previous studies suggest that single extracts or formulations of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) alone or in combination with antibiotics may treat common bacterial infections.
T18903 484373-484473 Sentence denotes Therefore, synergistic combination therapy with antibiotics plus TCM could be an effective solution.
T64337 484474-484605 Sentence denotes This study is to provide an evidence for combination of TCM and antibiotics which may yield synergy in treatment of NTM infections.
T90433 484606-484614 Sentence denotes Methods:
T30824 484615-484814 Sentence denotes Two standard mycobacterial strains, Mycobacterium abscessus (College of American Pathologists, CAP) (RGM) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (serotype 2) ATCC25291 (SGM), were chosen in this study.
T66554 484815-485035 Sentence denotes Three Scientific TCM formulations in extract subtly granule including Scute & Cimicifuga Combination (SCC), Dandelion & Wild Chrysanthemum Combination (DWCC) and Gleditsia Combination (GC) were applied to our experiment.
T68109 485036-485321 Sentence denotes Three steps of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements for a preset concentration of both mycobacteria were performed: monotherapy of CLSI recommended antibiotics, monotherapy of TCM formulations with serial dilution concentrations and combination with antibiotic plus SCC.
T3777 485322-485403 Sentence denotes All of the above steps were repeatedly performed to estimate the average of MICs.
T75365 485404-485412 Sentence denotes Results:
T37628 485413-485506 Sentence denotes Bacteriostatic effects of 3 TCM formulations were observed on both M. abscessus and M. avium.
T2952 485507-485636 Sentence denotes The inhibitory concentrations for SCC, DWCC and GC were above 60, 100 and 70 mg/mL, and above 60, 80 and 100 mg/mL, respectively.
T22816 485637-485815 Sentence denotes Significant reductions of MIC for M. abscessus and M. avium were also measured when SCC was added with a concentration of more than 25 mg/ml onto the commercial antibiotic wells.
T14219 485816-486081 Sentence denotes The MICs of M. abscessus for clarithromycin, tigecycline, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, and cefoxitin, M. avium for clarithromycin and ethambutol were significantly decreased when they were combined with 12.5 mg/mL of SCC.
T93528 486082-486191 Sentence denotes Conclusion: TCM formulation alone yielded a similar bacteriostatic effect as antibiotics on NTM was observed.
T35844 486192-486309 Sentence denotes Combination treatment with the TCM formulation plus antibiotics could have a synergistic antibacterial effect on NTM.
T64612 486310-486397 Sentence denotes The machanism of TCM formulation on the antibiotics resistance in NTM will be explored.
T31965 486398-486600 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial resistance to various antibiotics against Escherichia coli in Western part of Japan -9 years study Tetsuro Muratani 1,2,3 , Haruhisa Saku 1,2,4 , Tomoko Kobayashi 1,2,3 , Jun-ichi Ohno 1 .
T88063 486601-486727 Sentence denotes 1 IHibiki AMR Laboratory, Kitakyushu, Japan, 2 Hibiki Research Group for Clinical Microbiology, 3 Kyurin Medical Laboratory, 4
T59246 486729-486740 Sentence denotes Background:
T80598 486741-487017 Sentence denotes Although Escherichia coli is one of bacteria consisted of human intestinal normal flora, E. coli is a bacteria that has been able to cause infectious diseases at various site, such as urinary tract, intestinal tract, respiratory tract, wound, biliary tract, blood stream, etc.
T41285 487018-487070 Sentence denotes E. coli had been susceptible to various antibiotics.
T71955 487071-487160 Sentence denotes It is major problem that multi drug resistant E. coli have been emergence and increasing.
T56337 487161-487269 Sentence denotes We investigated the susceptibility to various antibiotics against E. coli isolated in Western part of Japan.
T52940 487270-487278 Sentence denotes Methods:
T81147 487279-487402 Sentence denotes A total of 8,079 non-duplicate E. coli isolated from urinein the period from 2008 to 2016 in Japan were used in this study.
T60476 487403-487549 Sentence denotes We divided the isolates to isolation period every 3 years, duration A is 2008 to 2010, duration B is 2011 to 2013, and duration C is 2014 to 2016.
T18351 487550-487691 Sentence denotes The MICs of various antimicrobials against the isolates were determined by the two-fold serial agar dilution method as described by the CLSI.
T96871 487692-487789 Sentence denotes The resistant isolates to antimicrobials were basically interpreted according to CLSI breakpoint.
T80777 487790-488002 Sentence denotes Results: E. coli isolates from urinary tract, respiratory tract, wound, and blood stream accounted for 72.6% (58.7/81.9 inpatients/outpatients), 12.4% (25.1/4.1), 4.0% (6.0/2.6), and 3.0% (4.6/2.0), respectively.
T32399 488003-488068 Sentence denotes Table shows the ratio of ESBL producers and quinolone-resistants.
T46999 488069-488140 Sentence denotes ESBL producers have been increasing in both inpatients and outpatients.
T41838 488141-488304 Sentence denotes The ratio of quinolone-resistants from inpatients have no change between 2008 and 2016, however, the ratio of them from outpatients have been increasing, oviously.
T15683 488305-488316 Sentence denotes Background:
T8274 488317-488410 Sentence denotes Increased with resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone (CTRX) is a global problem.
T13060 488411-488552 Sentence denotes We conducted a molecular epidemiological analysis of N. gonorrhoeae isolated in Japan for the purpose of examining CTRX resistance mechanism.
T26083 488553-488561 Sentence denotes Methods:
T93791 488562-488679 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial susceptibility to cefixime (CFIX) and CTRX was measured using N. gonorrhoeae isolated in Japan in 2014.
T91324 488680-488776 Sentence denotes Thirty two isolates were analyzed by amino acid sequence of penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2).
T50678 488777-488908 Sentence denotes Furthermore, the molecular epidemiological similarity was analyzed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST).
T82538 488909-488917 Sentence denotes Results:
T10709 488918-489134 Sentence denotes Thirty two isolates were classified into three groups (group A: CFIX susceptible/CTRX susceptible, group B: CFIX resistance/CTRX susceptible, group C: CFIX resistance/CTRX resistance) based on susceptibility records.
T42054 489135-489278 Sentence denotes The common mutations of PBP2 were group A: pattern V (5/15, 33.3%), group B: pattern X (9/ 15, 60.0%), and group C: pattern XXXIV (1/2, 50.0%).
T99585 489279-489350 Sentence denotes Patterns X and XXXIV were mosaic-like mutations in amino acid sequence.
T22984 489351-489499 Sentence denotes The common sequence type (ST) by MG-MAST were group A: ST5887 and ST6771 (2/15, 13.3%), group B: ST6778 (3/15, 20.0%), group C: ST1407 (1/2, 50.0%).
T54364 489500-489562 Sentence denotes In each group, characteristic ST by NG-MAST was not confirmed.
T85582 489563-489685 Sentence denotes In addition, 1 isolates with the same PBP2 (XXXIV-A501P) as the high-level CTRX resistant strain in France were confirmed.
T12310 489686-489740 Sentence denotes However, we detected the strain was sensitive to CTRX.
T74687 489741-489752 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T8927 489753-489855 Sentence denotes We indicated the mutation of PBP2 was significantly associated with decreased susceptibiliies to CFIX.
T56449 489856-489955 Sentence denotes But the mutation of PBP2 did not confer a clear influence on the decreased susceptibiliies to CTRX.
T95503 489956-490091 Sentence denotes This study suggested that the resistance mechanism of CTRX is not only due to the mutation of PBP2 but also by a complicated mechanism.
T85991 490092-490288 Sentence denotes The plasmid carrying the bla OXA-72 carbapenem resistance gene was transferred between Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis Hsing-Yu Chen 1 , Hung-Sheng Shang 2 , Jun-Ren Sun 2 .
T43232 490289-490300 Sentence denotes Background:
T42620 490301-490422 Sentence denotes Acinetobacter nosocomialis has been found to serve as a reservoir of resistance determinants in the health care settings.
T69815 490423-490527 Sentence denotes In our hospital, the carbapenem non-susceptible rate in Acinetobacter nosocomialis is approximately 20%.
T1208 490528-490623 Sentence denotes However, the carbapenem resistant mechanisms of Acinetobacter nosocomialis were rarely studied.
T33831 490624-490791 Sentence denotes The main objective of this work was to investigate the resistant mechanism and molecular epidemiology of imipenem non-susceptible Acinetobacter nosocomialis in Taiwan.
T3647 490792-490800 Sentence denotes Methods:
T34956 490801-490932 Sentence denotes Forty-one imipenem non-susceptible Acinetobacter nosocomialis isolates were collected from bloodstream infection from 2012 to 2016.
T95706 490933-491055 Sentence denotes All of them were identified using the automated VITEK 2 system and confirmed by 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer sequencing.
T75478 491056-491138 Sentence denotes Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the broth microdilution method.
T59048 491139-491261 Sentence denotes All 41 imipenem non-susceptible isolates were examined by PCR assays for the presence of the carbapenemase-encoding genes.
T69579 491262-491364 Sentence denotes The plasmid was sequenced and transformed into Acinetobacter baumannii to assess the transfer ability.
T26569 491365-491373 Sentence denotes Results:
T31835 491374-491432 Sentence denotes The carbapenemase gene was detected in forty-one isolates.
T82449 491433-491505 Sentence denotes The most common carbapenemase gene was blaOXA-24/ 40-like (n = 29; 41%).
T60786 491506-491597 Sentence denotes Furthermore, six blaOXA-23-like, five blaOXA-58-like, and one blaOXA-51-like were detected.
T65491 491598-491709 Sentence denotes The blaOXA-24/40-like gene products were all sequencing as the blaOXA-72 gene and was conformed at the plasmid.
T50701 491710-491787 Sentence denotes The plasmid was sequenced as pAB-NCGN253 with one copy of the blaOXA-72 gene.
T71762 491788-491920 Sentence denotes In previous studies, the plasmid, pAB-NCGN253, was transmitted in Acinetobacter baumannii rather than in Acinetobacter nosocomialis.
T53588 491921-492037 Sentence denotes The plasmid was extracted from the clinical Acinetobacter nosocomialis and transformed into Acinetobacter baumannii.
T96521 492038-492246 Sentence denotes The minimum inhibitory concentrations of imipenem, meropenem, doripenem and ertapenem were increased from 0.25 mg/L, 0.38 mg/L, 0.125 mg/L and 6 mg/L to ≧16 mg/L, ≧32 mg/L, ≧8 mg/L and ≧32 mg/L, respectively.
T51218 492247-492258 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T74398 492259-492416 Sentence denotes In conclusion, it was found that the plasmid pAB-NCGN253 carrying blaOXA-72 was dominant in the imipenem non-susceptible Acinetobacter nosocomialis isolates.
T28454 492417-492544 Sentence denotes The plasmid contributes to carbapenem resistance and may spread between Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis.
T41228 492545-492556 Sentence denotes Background:
T81954 492557-492667 Sentence denotes Carbapenem resistance is a serious global concern and efforts to find novel resistance mechanisms is on-going.
T86273 492668-492840 Sentence denotes The well-known mechanisms include loss of both the porins (OmpK35 or OmpK36), derepression of AmpC-β-lactamase, ESBL production along with loss of either one of the porins.
T2911 492841-492972 Sentence denotes In this study, we isolated two Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from a single patient, before (K1) and after (K2) meropenem treatment.
T1391 492973-493073 Sentence denotes The two strains showed identical PFGE pattern, but differed only in their carbapenem susceptibility.
T47980 493074-493082 Sentence denotes Methods:
T58265 493083-493219 Sentence denotes Hodge test, DDS, SDS-PAGE, WGS along RNASeq were performed to get the holistic views on the changes of all alleles and their expression.
T46308 493220-493387 Sentence denotes We developed a K. pneumoniae network system (KlebsiellaNet) covering 88% of 5316 coding genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae HS11286 strain with 161,507 co-functional links.
T45294 493388-493596 Sentence denotes The putative candidate genes were shortlisted comparing the WGS, transcriptome analysis and the use of KlebsiellaNet. pUC-19 plasmid carrying zeocin marker was used for complementation of these genes into K2.
T71510 493597-493687 Sentence denotes Disk diffusion using meropenem and ertapenem was performed to check the diffusion pattern.
T95272 493688-493696 Sentence denotes Results:
T3990 493697-493777 Sentence denotes Both the strains lacked OmpK35, while OmpK36 was present only in the K1 isolate.
T54082 493778-493843 Sentence denotes While, K1 was susceptible to meropenem, K2 were highly resistant.
T29447 493844-493956 Sentence denotes 14 putative candidate genes were short-listed for further analysis ( p < 0.05) among the 78 putative candidates.
T75316 493957-494068 Sentence denotes A transport protein exhibited a tendency towards meropenem susceptibility when complemented into K2 (Table 1) .
T91176 494069-494080 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T31085 494081-494162 Sentence denotes 14 putative candidate genes were selected from >200 genes by using KlebsiellaNet.
T2758 494163-494257 Sentence denotes A protein belonging to MFS family transporter protein was obtained after gene complementation.
T21998 494258-494321 Sentence denotes Interestingly, the transporter was specific to meropenem alone.
T75064 494322-494415 Sentence denotes This is the first report on the contribution of this protein to meropenem resistance profile.
T5130 494416-494503 Sentence denotes While the transport protein mostly acts as efflux pump, the above results are contrary.
T23713 494504-494662 Sentence denotes Identification of a new plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase from a clinical isolate of Citrobacter freundii Chih-Ming Chen 1,2 , Hwa-Jene Wu 3 , Lii-Tzu Wu 4 *.
T70821 494663-494674 Sentence denotes Background:
T34102 494675-494960 Sentence denotes Citrobacter freundii in recent years have demonstrated resistance not only to traditional agents such as ampicillin, carbenicillin and cephalothin, but also to newer β-lactam agents such as third-generation cephalosporins, and monobactams; and some of them even produce carbapenemases.
T41340 494961-495114 Sentence denotes This study was performed to characterize a C. freundii isolates JA3 collected in Taiwanese hospital, carrying a novel AmpC-type β-lactamaseencoding gene.
T57298 495115-495123 Sentence denotes Methods:
T8868 495124-495382 Sentence denotes Using antibiotic susceptibility testing, plasmid analysis, transconjugation, clonimg and sequences analysis AmpC-type βlactamase-encoding gene. β-Lactamase gene-containing recombinant plasmids transformed into Escherichia coli were selected using ampicillin.
T38093 495383-495391 Sentence denotes Results:
T81681 495392-495529 Sentence denotes The resistance phenotype of JA3, was found to produce a β-lactamase that conferred resistance to oxyimino-cephalosporins and cephamycins.
T91629 495530-495663 Sentence denotes Resistance arising from production of a betalactamase could be transferred by conjugation with an IncW plasmid pJA3 into E. coli J53.
T76574 495664-495760 Sentence denotes The substrate and inhibition profiles of this enzyme resembled those of the AmpC beta-lactamase.
T37750 495761-495922 Sentence denotes The resistance gene of pJA3 proved to contain an open reading frame showing 96% amino acid identity with the plasmid-mediated enzyme CEF-1 of C. freundii KU6400.
T53215 495923-496061 Sentence denotes DNA sequence analysis also identified a gene upstream of ampC whose sequence was 91.0% identical to the ampR gene from C. freundii KU6400.
T38663 496062-496301 Sentence denotes In addition, a fumarate operon (frdABCD) and an outer membrane lipoprotein (blc) surrounding the ampR-ampC genes in C. freundii were identified, and insertion sequence (IS26) elements were observed on one sides of the sequences identified.
T88377 496302-496313 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T89428 496314-496412 Sentence denotes These results clearly show that a new plasmidencoded AmpC gene with an ampR gene from C. freundii.
T4388 496413-496644 Sentence denotes The presence of the resistance region in this isolates, with diverse genetic determinants of resistance and mobile element, may further contribute to the emergence and spread of the gene, both at a chromosomal or/and plasmid level.
T78665 496645-496743 Sentence denotes Hiroshi Hasegawa 1 , Keita Noguchi 1 , Yoko Mano 2 , Katsumi Fujitani 1,2 , Nobuhiko Furuya 1,2 *.
T51792 496744-496755 Sentence denotes Background:
T63277 496756-496856 Sentence denotes Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are responsible for 70-90% of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
T54500 496857-496995 Sentence denotes Additionally, 20-40% of women who have been treated for UTIs experience recurrence at least once within 6 months of the initial infection.
T89319 496996-497147 Sentence denotes Despite proper antibacterial treatment, recurrent UTIs are secondary infections caused by the same strain of E. coli that caused the primary infection.
T88868 497148-497312 Sentence denotes The first-line agents for the treatment of UTIs are fluoroquinolones (FQs); however, in recent years, FQresistant E. coli have been increasingly reported worldwide.
T36666 497313-497493 Sentence denotes Proanthocyanidins (PACs), which are abundant in cranberries, have been used for the prevention of UTIs for over a century; however, the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown.
T13214 497494-497639 Sentence denotes In this study, A-type PAC was used to prevent recurrent UPEC infection via a different mechanism from that of conventional antibacterial therapy.
T41703 497640-497648 Sentence denotes Methods:
T53718 497649-497736 Sentence denotes The E. coli strain K-12 and the UPEC strains BK1, BK2, and BK3 were used in this study.
T46765 497737-497851 Sentence denotes The checkerboard method was used to evaluate the effect of the combination of an antibacterial and PAC on E. coli.
T6314 497852-497923 Sentence denotes Swarming and twitching motility was assessed using a plate-based assay.
T67699 497924-498075 Sentence denotes PAC was added at a concentration of 500 μM and was tested for its ability to inhibit the adhesion of E. coli to human bladder epithelial cells (HTB-9).
T30289 498076-498137 Sentence denotes Cell invasion inhibition was also tested in a similar manner.
T66119 498138-498146 Sentence denotes Results:
T40228 498147-498213 Sentence denotes The combination of PAC and CAZ showed a synergistic effect on BK1.
T59519 498214-498336 Sentence denotes PAC treatment significantly reduced the mean spreading range for swarming and twitching motility in K-12 and UPEC strains.
T20933 498337-498492 Sentence denotes The results for inhibition of the attachment of the UPEC strain to HTB-9 cells showed a statistically significant difference ( p < 0.05) with PAC (500 μM).
T75741 498493-498569 Sentence denotes Conversely, PAC did not inhibit the adherence of K-12 strain to HTB-9 cells.
T8974 498570-498690 Sentence denotes Mean values for HTB-9 cell invasion in PAC-treated UPEC strains were significantly smaller than those in untreated UPEC.
T79729 498691-498750 Sentence denotes Furthermore, K-12 did not show any invasion of HTB-9 cells.
T52442 498751-498762 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T62205 498763-498826 Sentence denotes The combination of PAC and CAZ has an inhibitory effect on BK1.
T70109 498827-499062 Sentence denotes Because flagella-mediated motility has been suggested to be essential for UPEC to disseminate into the upper urinary tract, we propose that inhibition of flagellamediated motility may be a key mechanism through which PAC prevents UTIs.
T87912 499063-499245 Sentence denotes The in vitro anti-adhesive and anti-invasive activity of cranberry-derived PAC against UPEC suggests that its presence in urine can reduce bacterial colonization and UTI advancement.
T81724 499246-499251 Sentence denotes food.
T56793 499252-499414 Sentence denotes Clinical manifestations include gastroenteritis, cellulitis, soft tissue infections, and a series of clinical syndromes that appear in immunocompromised patients.
T76435 499415-499546 Sentence denotes Due to the extensive use of antibiotics in clinical practice, the isolates of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas strains were increased.
T77123 499547-499697 Sentence denotes The pumps of the resistancenodulation-cell division (RND) superfamily are ubiquitous in Gram-negative bacteria and have the broadest substrate ranges.
T88773 499698-499844 Sentence denotes Increased expression of chromosomal genes for RND-type efflux systems plays a major role in the multidrug resistant of some Gramnegative bacteria.
T57312 499845-499993 Sentence denotes However, the contributions of RND efflux genes in development of multidrug resistant Aeromonas strains have not been evaluated in clinical settings.
T74605 499994-500002 Sentence denotes Methods:
T37511 500003-500162 Sentence denotes Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was used for determination of the patterns of resistance to antibiotics in the presence or absence of efflux inhibitors.
T50030 500163-500272 Sentence denotes Multidrug resistance (≥3 antimicrobial drug classes) in Aeromonas strains were selected for further analysis.
T26305 500273-500393 Sentence denotes The bactericidal effects of treatments that combined efflux inhibitors with antibiotics were evaluated by survival rate.
T3343 500394-500473 Sentence denotes Real-time PCR was used to investigate the expression level of RND efflux genes.
T93514 500474-500514 Sentence denotes The experiments were done in triplicate.
T22105 500515-500593 Sentence denotes All results were presented as the means±S.D. and analyzed by Student's t-test.
T56606 500594-500602 Sentence denotes Results:
T35564 500603-500735 Sentence denotes Multidrug resistant Aeromonas strains were resistant to antibiotics including β-lactam, sulfonamides, quinolones and aminoglycoside.
T32576 500736-500914 Sentence denotes The MICs of piperacillin/tasobactam, erythromycin and imipenem were significantly reduced in multidrug resistant clinical isolates in the presence of efflux pump inhibitors PAßN.
T31989 500915-501011 Sentence denotes The expression level of RND efflux genes were elevated in multidrug resistant Aeromonas strains.
T76829 501012-501098 Sentence denotes Conclusion: RND efflux systems contribute to the drug resistance of Aeromonas strains.
T70294 501099-501183 Sentence denotes Higher level of RND efflux genes are found in multidrug resistant clinical isolates.
T87601 501184-501319 Sentence denotes More studies are needed to elucidate whether over expression of efflux systems confer intrinsic resistance to antibiotics in Aeromonas.
T45890 501320-501567 Sentence denotes Hydrogen peroxide enhances bactericidal effects of toluidine blue-mediated photodynamic therapy on Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus Yi-Ching Tsai 1 , Shin-Bei Wu 2,3 , Ya-Fang Tsai 2 , Yu-Chen Hsu 2 , Chia-Lun Yu 2 , Tak-Wah Wong 2,3 *.
T23244 501568-501579 Sentence denotes Background:
T73052 501580-501706 Sentence denotes The emergence of multiple-drug resistant bacteria, including Salmonella, has been a serious threat to public health worldwide.
T50528 501707-501841 Sentence denotes On top of that, Salmonella is capable of avoiding antibiotic attack after invading into host cells, leading to a problem in treatment.
T29675 501842-501983 Sentence denotes Thus, a novel therapeutic intervention to eradicate intracellular bacteria as well as to reduce the incidence of resistance is highly needed.
T1349 501984-502156 Sentence denotes Previously, we identified a small-molecule anticancer agent, AR-12, showing potent activity against Salmonella Typhimurium in macrophages and in a salmonellosis mice model.
T62359 502157-502338 Sentence denotes To dissociate its antibacterial activity from antiproliferative activity, a focused library of AR-12 was synthesized and screened for antibacterial activity against intracellular S.
T2877 502339-502405 Sentence denotes Typhimurium in macrophages and cytotoxicity toward the host cells.
T99440 502406-502414 Sentence denotes Methods:
T36746 502415-502543 Sentence denotes The antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of AR-12 derivatives were first assessed by using an image-based highcontent system.
T40470 502544-502709 Sentence denotes Compounds showing good selectivity of antibacterial activity over cytotoxicity were further analysed with intracellular infection assay and MTT cell viability assay.
T37247 502710-502796 Sentence denotes The effect of compounds on bacterial growth in broth was evaluated by using MIC assay.
T95042 502797-502805 Sentence denotes Results:
T2270 502806-502914 Sentence denotes Among the 125 compounds tested, Cpd42 and Cpd9 exhibited a better antibacterial activity than that of AR-12.
T7626 502915-503041 Sentence denotes Cpd22 and Cpd24 showed an antibacterial activity equal to that of AR-12, but have a much lower cytotoxicity toward host cells.
T86331 503042-503246 Sentence denotes The result of MIC assay indicated that these compounds have no inhibitory activity on bacteria in growth medium, suggesting that the suppression of intracellular bacteria is via a host-targeted mechanism.
T15561 503247-503362 Sentence denotes Currently, studies to evaluate the efficacy of selected AR-12 derivatives on Salmonella-infected mice are underway.
T71746 503363-503374 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T79772 503375-503538 Sentence denotes The findings provide a proof-of-concept that the antibacterial activity of AR-12 can be dissociated from its antiproliferative activity via structure optimization.
T7122 503539-503675 Sentence denotes AR-12 represents a promising scaffold for the development of novel hosttargeted antibacterial agents for the treatment of salmonellosis.
T47314 503676-503687 Sentence denotes Background:
T68964 503688-503797 Sentence denotes Clinical antibiotic failure may result from bacterial resistance but also from persistent forms of infection.
T99497 503798-503900 Sentence denotes Intracellular bacteria are protected from host immune defences and partly also from antibiotic action.
T8217 503901-504127 Sentence denotes Here, we study the activity of moxifloxacin in a model of intracellular infection of S. aureus (localized in phagolysosomes), comparing a reference strain to clinical isolates collected from patients with persistent infection.
T44470 504128-504136 Sentence denotes Methods:
T46545 504137-504165 Sentence denotes Reference strain: ATCC25923.
T44764 504166-504348 Sentence denotes Clinical isolates: collected at the Bachmai Hospital (Hanoi) from patients still infected after 5 days treatment with an active antibiotic or with recurrence of a previous infection.
T91343 504349-504432 Sentence denotes MICs: microdilution (CLSI recommendations) with susceptibility according to EUCAST.
T83655 504433-504707 Sentence denotes Intracellular infection: human THP-1 monocytes (1 h phagocytosis and elimination of non-internalized bacteria by exposure to gentamicin; intracellular activity: change in CFU from initial inoculum at 24 h using a wide range of extracellular concentrations (0.003-100 × MIC).
T34989 504708-504885 Sentence denotes Static concentrations (C s ) and maximal efficacy (E max ): calculated from Hill equation fitted to concentration-response data (see Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006,50:841-51).
T44895 504886-504894 Sentence denotes Results:
T50825 504895-505132 Sentence denotes As shown in the table, moxifloxacin C s was always close (1.5-4.2×) to its MIC for all strains, whatever their susceptibility in broth, but E max was significantly lower (less negative) for clinical isolates compared to reference strain.
T63404 505133-505144 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T61250 505145-505393 Sentence denotes Intracellular forms of the clinical isolates obtained from patients with persistent infections are significantly less eradicated than the reference strain, suggesting a state of less responsiveness to moxifloxacin in the phagolysosomal environment.
T42570 505394-505470 Sentence denotes A potential link with therapeutic failure in vivo remains to be established.
T87152 505471-505559 Sentence denotes Hsiow-Yun Hsue 1 , Wen-Po Tseng 2 , Huei-Ying Chen 3 , Shy-Ming Lee 4 , Wy-Chan Lee 5 *.
T23170 505560-505737 Sentence denotes 1 Chung Shan Hospital Infection Control Committee Leader, 2 Department of Medicine, 3 Laboratory of Department, 4 Chairman of the Committee, 5 Chung Shan Hospital Superintendent
T4399 505738-505749 Sentence denotes Background:
T93455 505750-505872 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health problem both in hospital and community acquired infections.
T76386 505873-506051 Sentence denotes The knowledge and attitude of the public toward the use of antibiotics are the key factors influencing the antibiotics prescription and the consequence of antibiotics resistance.
T11913 506052-506254 Sentence denotes The antibiotics educational interventional program is designed to deliver the correct knowledge regarding the appropriate use of antibiotics in order to reduce the possibility of antibiotics resistance.
T46433 506255-506263 Sentence denotes Methods:
T92370 506264-506536 Sentence denotes The intervention was conducted by the educational intervention group with self-constructed survey list and the Cronbach's alpha value of 0.873 and the results were evaluated by using t test ( paired t-test) with random participants located around Da-an district in Taipei.
T70271 506537-506604 Sentence denotes There were 162 participants in the period from March to June, 2016.
T69325 506605-506708 Sentence denotes Results suggested that most participants have the correct knowledge after the educational intervention.
T55001 506709-506717 Sentence denotes Results:
T87610 506718-506918 Sentence denotes Participants still prefer to take their antibiotics by their ways rather than follow the doctors' prescription, mostly because they didn't realize the important consequences of antibiotics resistance.
T55975 506919-507085 Sentence denotes Importantly, the educational intervention improved the knowledge of antibiotics use but have very limited influence on the attitude and behaviors of the participants.
T82960 507086-507252 Sentence denotes The study suggested that a suitable way to deliver the correct knowledge regarding the use of antibiotics to the public is still an issue of concern to the authority.
T1043 507253-507261 Sentence denotes Methods:
T23626 507262-507485 Sentence denotes Each of 2 strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa were exposed to Ciprofloxacin DC ranging from 0.01-0.1 µg/mL; 50 µL, 100 µL and 200 µL of organism suspension was plated to ciprofloxacin containing agar plates.
T70755 507486-507661 Sentence denotes Following incubation at 35-37°C in O 2 for 18-24 hours, colonies selected off drug containing plates were tested to determine MIC and compared to pre-drug exposure MIC values.
T7353 507662-507768 Sentence denotes MIC values identical or within 1 doubling dilution were taken to indicate no impact on the tested strains.
T66100 507769-507960 Sentence denotes For killing, 10 5 cfu/mL of each organism was exposed to 0.01, 0.5, 0.1 Ciprofloxacin DC and log 10 reduction (and % kill) measured at 5,10,15,20,25,30,60,120,180 minutes after drug exposure.
T87388 507961-508073 Sentence denotes Results: MIC (µg/mL) values were as follows: E. coli 0.25 and 0.25, K. pneumoniae 0.5, 4; P. aeruginosa 0.25, 2.
T91019 508074-508246 Sentence denotes In all instances, regardless of the ciprofloxacin DC from 0.01-0.1µg/ml, post exposure MIC values were the same or within 1 doubling dilution to the pre-exposed MIC values.
T75145 508247-508609 Sentence denotes For kill experiments, log 10 reduction and percent kill of viable cells was not different than the organisms tested without drug; organism growth was minimal for the first 60 minutes of drug exposure after which organism growth was observed following 120 and 180 minutes following drug exposure and was not different between drug exposed and without drug assays.
T75256 508610-508621 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T48501 508622-508759 Sentence denotes Ciprofloxacin DC of 0.01-0.1 µg/mL below the MSW did not select for resistant subpopulations of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa.
T45793 508760-508935 Sentence denotes Similarly, exposure of the organisms in kill assays to 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 µg/mL of ciprofloxacin did not show any difference between drug exposed bacteria and those without drug.
T691 508936-509067 Sentence denotes Low ciprofloxacin DC as observed after Cipro DPI administration does not appear to select for resistance with the organisms tested.
T2227 509068-509079 Sentence denotes Background:
T13422 509080-509216 Sentence denotes Fluoroquinolone is a commonly prescribed antimicrobial agent, and up to 20% of its users registers adverse gastroenterological symptoms.
T59701 509217-509324 Sentence denotes We aimed to evaluate the association between use of fluoroquinolone and gastrointestinal tract perforation.
T599 509325-509333 Sentence denotes Methods:
T77540 509334-509444 Sentence denotes We conducted a nested case-control study on a national health insurance claims database between 1998 and 2011.
T32742 509445-509599 Sentence denotes The use of fluoroquinolones was classified into current (<60 days), past (61-365 days prior to the index date) and any prior year use of fluoroquinolones.
T85323 509600-509733 Sentence denotes We used the conditional logistic regression model to estimate rate ratios (RRs), adjusting or matching by a disease risk score (DRS).
T75997 509734-509742 Sentence denotes Results:
T76867 509743-509871 Sentence denotes We identified a cohort of 17,510 individuals diagnosed with gastrointestinal perforation and matched them to 1,751,000 controls.
T85521 509872-510043 Sentence denotes Current use of fluoroquinolone was associated with the greatest increase in risk of gastrointestinal perforations after DRS score adjustment (RR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.62-2.22).
T1432 510044-510192 Sentence denotes The risk of gastrointestinal perforation was attenuated for past (RR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.20-1.47) and any prior year use (RR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.34-1.59).
T85111 510193-510356 Sentence denotes Current use of macrolide, an active comparator, was not associated with a significant increased risk of gastrointestinal perforation (RR, 1.11, 95% CI, 0.15-7.99).
T44560 510357-510521 Sentence denotes To mitigate selection bias, we have also excluded people who have never used fluoroquinolone before or people with infectious colitis, enteritis or gastroenteritis.
T75315 510522-510646 Sentence denotes In both of the analysis, a higher risk of gastrointestinal perforation was still associated with the use of fluoroquinolone.
T86250 510647-510658 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T77849 510659-510842 Sentence denotes We found that use of fluoroquinolones was associated with a non-negligible increased risk of gastrointestinal perforation, and physicians should be aware of this possible association.
T27912 510843-510854 Sentence denotes Background:
T30528 510855-510993 Sentence denotes Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), especially multidrug-and extensively drug-resistant (M/XDR-) TB are the emerging menace in the world.
T41901 510994-511111 Sentence denotes In recent years, to shorten the time for drug susceptibility testing (DST), the molecular diagnostics become popular.
T19164 511112-511174 Sentence denotes The accuracy of such methods depends on the reliable DST data.
T97463 511175-511467 Sentence denotes Then, we compared the whole genome sequencing (WGS) data with our DST results about 108 M. tuberculosis (MTB) isolates including MDR and XDR, to detect the mutations and evaluate those using the "all-in-one web-based WGS analysing tool" and to identify novel resistance responsible mutations.
T1050 511468-511476 Sentence denotes Methods:
T44752 511477-511665 Sentence denotes 108 MTB were collected basically from DR-TB patients in Osaka Habikino Medical Center (Osaka, Japan) from 1998 to 2016 and we conducted WGS analysis of the isolates using MiSeq (illumina).
T9224 511666-511761 Sentence denotes TGS-TB (https://gph.niid.go.jp/tgs-tb/) was used to predict the mutations in responsible genes.
T15338 511762-511943 Sentence denotes The phenotypic DST results were obtained using the proportion method (Welpack-S, Kyokuto) for 10 anti-tuberculosis drugs and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 16 drugs.
T34295 511944-511952 Sentence denotes Results:
T87114 511953-512092 Sentence denotes 108 DR-TB included 44 MDR and 34 XDR, as the results of DST, and consisted of 88% lineage 2 (East-Asian) and 12% lineage 4 (Euro-American).
T10161 512093-512138 Sentence denotes To date, we analysed 30 isolates for 6 drugs.
T71941 512139-512251 Sentence denotes The Potential AMR prediction program of TGS-TB site (as of June 28th, 2017) predicted 85% of M/XDR-TB correctly.
T2818 512252-512433 Sentence denotes The proportion of the discrepancy between the phenotypic and the predicted DST was 6.7% in Isoniazid and Kanamycin, 10.0% in Rifampicin and Ethambutol, and 3.3% in Fluoroquinolones.
T39715 512434-512573 Sentence denotes To increase the quality of molecular DST, we need to establish high quality genome database for DR-TB strains with reliable phenotypic DST.
T10022 512574-512659 Sentence denotes We will show the more detailed results of the DR-TB gene analysis including MIC data.
T55876 512660-512809 Sentence denotes Li-Li Liu 1 , Shao-Gang Zhu 1 , Yong-Lin 1 , Ning-Ning Zhang 1 , Man-Li Tong 1 , Hui-Lin Zhang 1 , Li-Rong Lin 1 , Jiang-Hua Yan 2 , Tian-Ci Yang 1 .
T25676 512810-512818 Sentence denotes Methods:
T89732 512819-512981 Sentence denotes To analysis lncRNAs expression profiles and identify differentially expressed lncRNAs in CD4+ T cells response to T. pallidum infection in neurosyphilis patients.
T31932 512982-513049 Sentence denotes CD4+ T cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
T61700 513050-513110 Sentence denotes RNA extraction was performed to conduct further experiments.
T73673 513111-513266 Sentence denotes Expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs in CD4+ T cells isolated from neurosyphilis patients and healthy controls were analyzed by using microarray assay.
T67609 513267-513494 Sentence denotes Four lncRNAs were selected to conduct validation by using real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the expression levels of those above mentioned lncRNAs in neurosyphilis patients and healthy controls were compared.
T4750 513495-513503 Sentence denotes Results:
T98540 513504-513684 Sentence denotes In total, 17, 278 lncRNAs and 15, 840 mRNA were found to be differentially expressed when comparing the CD4+ T cells between neurosyphilis patients and healthy control individuals.
T72682 513685-513792 Sentence denotes Of these transcripts, 2258 lncRNAs and 1728 mRNAs were significantly over or under expressed, respectively.
T97908 513793-513849 Sentence denotes Compared with healthy controls, AC068282.3 (fold change:
T94255 513850-513887 Sentence denotes 21.90) and CTD-3064M3.3 (fold change:
T88198 513888-513978 Sentence denotes 23.93) were the most over-expressed and under-expressed lncRNAs in neurosyphilis patients.
T94777 513979-514168 Sentence denotes The majority of differentially expressed lncRNAs are from intergenic regions (∼57.5%), intronic antisense to protein-coding loci (∼15.0%), natural antisense to protein-coding loci (∼12.1%).
T53953 514169-514272 Sentence denotes It is worth noting that 59 lncRNAs were significant difference along with significantly different mRNA.
T75255 514273-514518 Sentence denotes Among the 59 pairs of genes, LOC7999 mRNA was positively correlated with lncRNA RP11-160E2.16, RP11-160E2.11, RP11-160E2.19, respectively; NKX1-1 mRNA was positively correlated with lncRNA RP11-1398P2.1, RP11-160E2.19, XLOC_003422, respectively.
T82835 514519-514642 Sentence denotes The following five mRNAs were correlated with two differential lncRNAs, namely DUSP16, AP000349.1, FAM115C, TIMM8A, SMCHD1.
T26538 514643-514959 Sentence denotes GO analysis revealed that the differentially expressed coding genes were mainly involved in the biological processes, and among them, the most significant association was observed in defense response to fungus, defense response to bacterium, killing cells of other organism and disruption of cells of other organism.
T69056 514960-515172 Sentence denotes Subsequent pathway analysis was also conducted, and T cell receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, etc. were found out to be associated with differentially expressed mRNAs.
T57666 515173-515184 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T91920 515185-515336 Sentence denotes The present study revealed the differential expression profiles of lncRNAs in CD4+ T cells response to T. pallidum infection in neurosyphilis patients.
T19990 515337-515437 Sentence denotes LncRNAs are involved in the key biological process in CD4+ T cell response to T. pallidum infection.
T95235 515438-515564 Sentence denotes CovS regulates the expression of rgg through differential phosphorylation level CovR Chih-Yuan Kao 1 , Chuan Chiang-Ni 1,2,3 .
T63008 515565-515570 Sentence denotes Spd3.
T81383 515571-515752 Sentence denotes In addition, the inactivation of rgg enhances the ability to resistance stress conditions, which is thought to provide survival advantage to bacteria against the host immune system.
T76548 515753-515841 Sentence denotes Our previous study found that the expression of rgg is downregulated in the covS mutant.
T37786 515842-516006 Sentence denotes In this study, we aims to further elucidate whether CovS participates in the regulation of the rgg expression through modulating the levels of CovR phosphorylation.
T18544 516007-516015 Sentence denotes Methods:
T98222 516016-516083 Sentence denotes CovS has been shown to have both kinase and phosphatase activities.
T3969 516084-516297 Sentence denotes To elucidate how CovS influences on the CovR phosphorylation status and to regulate the rgg, the kinase and phosphatase activities were inactivated by the site-directed mutagenesis (H280A and T284A, respectively).
T41379 516298-516404 Sentence denotes Phos-tag western blot analysis was performed to detect the CovR phosphorylation level in the covS mutants.
T85775 516405-516495 Sentence denotes In addition, the expression of rgg in covS isoallelic strains was analyzed by the RT-qPCR.
T47129 516496-516504 Sentence denotes Results:
T6364 516505-516624 Sentence denotes The present study found that nonphosphorylated CovR inhibits rgg expression more strongly than the phosphorylated CovR.
T34854 516625-516735 Sentence denotes In addition, the expression of Rgg is regulated in the isoallelic strains (CovS H280A and CovS T284A strains).
T4427 516736-516947 Sentence denotes The results showed that the expression of rgg is decreased significantly in the CovS H280A strain; however, the expression of rgg is increased gradually in the CovS T284A strain compared to the wild-type strain.
T42807 516948-517060 Sentence denotes These results suggest that CovS regulates the expression of rgg through differential phosphorylation level CovR.
T90407 517061-517072 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T44540 517073-517158 Sentence denotes CovS regulates the expression of rgg through differential phosphorylation level CovR.
T88485 517159-517365 Sentence denotes Campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin suppresses HMGB1 and mobilizes RAGE into lipid rafts in response to inflammatory response Zhi-Pei Jiang 1 , Mei-Zi Huang 1 , Yu-An Chen 2 , Chih-Ho Lai 1,3 .
T26531 517366-517377 Sentence denotes Background:
T14371 517378-517469 Sentence denotes Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) produced by Campylobacter jejuni contains three subunits:
T95044 517470-517491 Sentence denotes CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC.
T16624 517492-517635 Sentence denotes The interaction of CdtA and CdtC with membrane lipid rafts delivers CdtB into the nucleus, follows by induction of inflammation and cell death.
T92848 517636-517807 Sentence denotes High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), one of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), is a nuclear DNAbinding protein that stabilizes nucleosome and promotes DNA repair.
T27167 517808-517970 Sentence denotes Activation of HMGB1 signals is mediated by the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), which is important for defending against bacterial infections.
T92759 517971-518132 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to explore how CDT regulates HMGB1-mediated autophagy and what DAMP triggers RAGE's mobilization to lipid rafts to induce inflammatory.
T15878 518133-518141 Sentence denotes Methods:
T39333 518142-518276 Sentence denotes The molecular mechanisms underlying CDT regulates autophagy process that conferred cell death and cell cycle arrest were investigated.
T18207 518277-518428 Sentence denotes Biochemical analyses were conducted for exploring DAMP-mediated triggering of RAGE mobilization to lipid rafts in response to CDT-induced inflammation.
T64468 518429-518437 Sentence denotes Results:
T69407 518438-518611 Sentence denotes Our study showed that CDT induces RAGE expression, but suppresses that of HMGB1, indicating that DAMPs other than HMGB1 trigger RAGE activation in the inflammatory response.
T51848 518612-518764 Sentence denotes As the intracellular availability of HMGB1 activates autophagy, our results revealed that CDT controls HMGB1 that is important for regulating autophagy.
T78384 518765-518859 Sentence denotes We also found that DAMPs mobilize RAGE to lipid rafts in response to CDT-induced inflammation.
T16478 518860-518871 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T86808 518872-519040 Sentence denotes Our findings demonstrate that CDT suppresses HMGB1-mediated autophagy and triggers the DAMP-RAGEinflammation axis, which are important to the pathogenesis by C. jejuni.
T51593 519041-519223 Sentence denotes Comparison of intravenous anesthetics in inhibition of IL-1β secretion and ROS production in S. aureus infected RAW264.7 cells Wen-Chun Lin 1 , Ming-Shan Chen 2 , Shew-Meei Sheu 3 *.
T34098 519224-519235 Sentence denotes Background:
T1064 519236-519367 Sentence denotes One of key pathways employed by the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa to establish pathogenesis is by the formation of biofilms.
T9760 519368-519518 Sentence denotes Apart from biofilm formation, this bacterium is able to produce different virulence factors which will help in drug resistance and nutritional uptake.
T27164 519519-519601 Sentence denotes To overcome this problem, there is a need to establish alternative antimicrobials.
T33154 519602-519762 Sentence denotes Hence, this study was taken up to investigate the antibacterial and antivirulent properties of a flavonoid, quercetin against catheter associated P. aeruginosa.
T45309 519763-519771 Sentence denotes Methods:
T15942 519772-519977 Sentence denotes Selective P. aeruginosa strains were used to evaluate the effect of quercetin at different concentrations in, Bactericidal, biofilm viability, elastase, siderophore, pyocyanin, twitching motility, biofilm.
T43747 519978-519986 Sentence denotes Results:
T64172 519987-520242 Sentence denotes Bactericidal assay showed that, except one clinical strain (YU-V28) all the isolates were completely inhibited by quercetin at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, but quercetin did not show any significant effect on siderophore, pyocyanin and elastase production.
T2924 520243-520370 Sentence denotes The motility assay showed that in all the concentrations the strains formed microbial colony but unable to spread on the plate.
T6028 520371-520439 Sentence denotes Quercetin showed significant inhibitory effect on biofilm formation.
T48896 520440-520694 Sentence denotes At the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL except YU-V28 (OD 580 0.25) all the strains formed weak biofilm (OD 580 0.087-0.174) and at the highest concentration two clinical isolates formed weak biofilm (OD 580 0.12) and other strains were unable to form biofilm.
T77775 520695-520706 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T41772 520707-520790 Sentence denotes Our study revealed that quercetin has good antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity.
T66167 520791-520930 Sentence denotes We suggest that this compound can be used in treating P. aeruginosa either as food supplement or in developing new antibiotic combinations.
T253 520931-520942 Sentence denotes Background:
T48511 520943-521113 Sentence denotes Colistin resistance (CR) in Gram negative bacteria is a worldwide concern that increased recently with the discovery and spread of mcr-1 and mcr-2 plasmid-mediated genes.
T35531 521114-521276 Sentence denotes Active efflux is a mechanism that is known in various bacteria to confer resistance to various antibiotics, including tigecyclin, fluoroquinolones and carbapenem.
T34108 521277-521608 Sentence denotes Recently, one efflux pump inhibitor (EPI), the carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) showed an ability to reverse colistin resistance in colistin resistant Gram negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter baumannii) with an unknown mechanism of action.
T37852 521609-521877 Sentence denotes The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of this EPI on a collection of well defined colistin-resistant strains isolated in our laboratory, including naturally-resistant Gram negative bacteria and acquired-resistant bacteria (mcr-1, mgrB, pmrAB…) Methods:
T58584 521878-522077 Sentence denotes We have compared diameters of inhibition of colistin disk or Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) realized by E-test method on Mueller-Hinton medium (MH) and on MH supplemented with 10 mg/L CCCP.
T39836 522078-522152 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis was performed using a Student test at a risk of 0.05.
T84760 522153-522600 Sentence denotes We studied a collection of 103 strains including 24 mcr-1 CR strains (19 Escherichia coli, 4 K. pneumoniae, 1 Enterobacter cloacae), 6 with a known mechanism of resistance (PmrA, PmrB, mgrB) for which 4 associated with mcr-1, 46 with unknown mechanism (Enterobacter spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Salmonella enterica) and 27 intrinsically resistant Enterobacteriaceae (Serratia marcescens, Proteus spp., Providencia spp. and Morganella morganii).
T70079 522601-522609 Sentence denotes Results:
T77655 522610-522788 Sentence denotes Preliminary results showed a mean increase of colistin diameter of 6.44 ± 2.42 mm in mcr-1 positive strains when CCCP was added to the medium (diameters with colistin disk alone:
T42401 522789-522843 Sentence denotes 14.8 ± 1.66 mm; diameters with colistin disk with CCP:
T55496 522844-522879 Sentence denotes 21.3 ± 2.52; p-value = 1.72.10-13).
T3396 522880-523001 Sentence denotes In S. marcescens, MICs of colistin decrease from >256 mg/L to a mean of 0.132 [0.064; 0.19] mg/L ( p-value = 6.92.10-59).
T67874 523002-523124 Sentence denotes Genomic analysis is ongoing to identify the efflux pump(s) that could be involved in this mechanism of action due to CCCP.
T31010 523125-523136 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T42205 523137-523358 Sentence denotes Here we show that CCCP, an efflux pump inhibitor, is able to reverse resistance to colistin in all colistin-resistant Gram negative bacteria and that this phenomenon is independent of the mechanism of resistance involved.
T35552 523359-523545 Sentence denotes Since other genes of resistance are implicated in resistance to colistin in these bacteria (mcr-1, mgrB…), this means that efflux pumps play an additional role in resistance to colistin.
T78134 523546-523660 Sentence denotes Genomic analyses are ongoing to identify such pumps that could be further targeted by specific EPIs in the future.
T60200 523661-523770 Sentence denotes This work opens a new area of research for the development of adjunctive therapy for CR bacterial infections.
T34599 523771-523830 Sentence denotes Two lysine 2,3-aminomutases genes (AblA) in Methanoarchaea:
T25122 523831-523981 Sentence denotes AblA1 function as compatible solute synthesis gene and AblA2 as translational modification Yi-Shan Wu, Chuan-Chuan Hung, Cheng-Yu Chen, Mei-Chin Lai*.
T74027 523982-524079 Sentence denotes Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C Background:
T92703 524080-524382 Sentence denotes N ε -acetyl-β-lysine is a ubiquitous compatible solute (osmolyte) among all methanoarchaea to counter the osmotic stress, which is synthesized from lysine through lysine 2,3aminomutase (AblA) to form β-lysine and the acetyl group is further transferred to β-lysine by β-lysine acetyltransferase (AblB).
T88618 524383-524681 Sentence denotes Whole genome sequences of the halophilic methanoarchaeon Methanohalophilus portucalensis FDF1 T revealed that there are two ablA genes; ablA1 and its co-transcribed ablB are responsible for N εacetyl-β-lysine synthesis, whereas ablA2 located within translation associated proteins and without ablB.
T27569 524682-524738 Sentence denotes Methods: RNA-seq was performed with Illumina HiSeq 2000.
T45958 524739-524895 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic relationship of AblA2 and 16S rRNA gene from methanogenic archaea and bacteria were constructed with Neighbor-joining method by MEGA 6 program.
T78963 524896-525036 Sentence denotes Both MpAblA1 and MpAblA2 were heterologously overexpressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3)-RIL and further purified by nickel affinity chromatography.
T68707 525037-525161 Sentence denotes And maintained both overexpressed proteins under the reduction state in the dihydrolipoic acid and sodium dithionite buffer.
T5570 525162-525277 Sentence denotes The enzymatic activity assay was determined by β-lysine production through ultra performance liquid chromatography.
T22177 525278-525286 Sentence denotes Results:
T89134 525287-525585 Sentence denotes Transcriptomic anslysis showed that the transcriptional expression of ablA2 are higher than ablA1 at the optimal growth condition and also under salt stress (29-457 fold) and temperature stress (16-669 fold), which indicated that demand for β-lysine was higher than compatible N ε -acetyl-β-lysine.
T26218 525586-525776 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid of AblA2 from archaea and bacteria indicated that this halophilic methanoarchaeal ablA2 may be horizontally transferred from Deltaprotebacteria.
T89031 525777-525930 Sentence denotes The amino acid sequence similarity between AblA1 and AblA2 are 41%, AblA2 and lysine 2,3-aminomutase from Desulfuromonadales bacterium C00003107 are 75%.
T40959 525931-526103 Sentence denotes As AblA1, homology modeled structure of AblA2 contains the Fe-S cluster, SAM binding domain, PLP binding site, but the C-terminal zinc binding sites was not found in AblA2.
T85229 526104-526253 Sentence denotes To further investigate the enzyme activities of AblA1 and AblA2, both genes are transformed and overexpressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) RIL, respectively.
T22976 526254-526380 Sentence denotes Both MpAblA1 and A2 proteins were maintained at reduction state with the addition of dihydrolipoic acid and sodium dithionite.
T99944 526381-526512 Sentence denotes And the UPLC system used to identify the end product β-lysine was established for future AblA1 and A2 enzyme kinetic investigation.
T27828 526513-526524 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T83397 526525-526802 Sentence denotes Through genomic, transcriptomic and phylogenetic analysis, we identified two lysine 2,3-aminomutases genes (AblA) in Methanoarchaea: which AblA1 functions as compatible solute synthesis gene and AblA2 may function as translational modification that involve in PTM-β-lysylation.
T64661 526803-526964 Sentence denotes Methanoarchaea community in the cold seep area at four way closure ridge offshore southwestern Taiwan: by culturedependent method Sheng-Chung Chen, Mei-Chin Lai.
T6205 526965-527043 Sentence denotes Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
T77746 527044-527055 Sentence denotes Background:
T55903 527056-527245 Sentence denotes Widespread accumulations of methane hydrate within the accretionary prism offshore SW Taiwan are postulated to occur based on the presence of the intensity of bottom simulating reflections.
T35481 527246-527400 Sentence denotes Four Way Closure Ridge (FWCR) is one of the sites with intensive methane seepages and the chemosynthetic community with highly dense mussel bed was found.
T74127 527401-527552 Sentence denotes The carbon isotopic composition of fluxed methane indicates the biogenic methane source known only produced by methanoarchaea is dominant in this area.
T55616 527553-527655 Sentence denotes Here we describe the methanoarchaea community in this cold seep area through culture-dependent method.
T82772 527656-527664 Sentence denotes Methods:
T4240 527665-527836 Sentence denotes We used video-guided multi-corer (V-corer) to collect sediment samples in the cold seep area, C5 station at FWCR, during the OR3-1900 cruise of R/V OR3 on 16-20 Nov, 2015.
T4045 527837-527993 Sentence denotes Methanoarchaea in sediment samples were enriched at room temperature using rich media (MB/W) with mixed substrates, including acetate, formate and methanol.
T44273 527994-528084 Sentence denotes The growth of methanoarchaea was monitored by methane production using gas chromatography.
T10902 528085-528251 Sentence denotes Pure or partial pure methanoarchaeal isolates were purified through roll-tube technique and were identified by using phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences.
T64826 528252-528260 Sentence denotes Results:
T13040 528261-528371 Sentence denotes Total 4 sediment cores and 30 methanoarchaea enrichments were retrieved from the cold-seep region of the FWCR.
T84633 528372-528556 Sentence denotes After 4 months incubation, 20 bottles of methanoarchaea enrichments contained methane production (∼14 to 6900 μmole/bottle), which indicated that there were methanoarchaea grew inside.
T14312 528557-528674 Sentence denotes And anaerobic roll-tube technique was performed to obtain single colony from the methane produced enrichment samples.
T51567 528675-528686 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T38512 528687-528874 Sentence denotes Through culture-dependent method, we reveal that dominant methanoarchaea are Methanoculleus strains which occur ∼73% relative abundance in the cold seep region of FWCR offshore SW Taiwan.
T20509 528875-528968 Sentence denotes This may indicate that Methanoculleus strains are prevailing methane producers in cold seeps.
T15130 528969-529086 Sentence denotes In addition, endemic and potential new species of methanoarchaea from cold seep regions were collected in this study.
T8902 529087-529331 Sentence denotes Inhibitory effect of Ganoderma neojaponicum water extract on osteoclast differentiation via up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 and down-regulation of NFATc1 expression Chin-Huei Lee 1 , Hai-Wei Cheng 2,3 , Jiin-Tsuey Chen 1 , Chi-Liang Chern 3 .
T37239 529332-529612 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 2 Department of Orthopedic surgery, Fooyin university Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan 3 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Background:
T27653 529613-529801 Sentence denotes Osteoclasts are multinucleated bone-resorbing cells that are differentiated by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF).
T74343 529802-529955 Sentence denotes Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by NADPH oxidase upon RANKL stimulation, has been demonstrated to play a key role in osteoclast differentiation.
T39441 529956-530178 Sentence denotes Our previous studies have shown that Ganoderma neojaponicum water extract (GNES) increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression and decreased hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in murine RAW264.7 macrophages.
T199 530179-530414 Sentence denotes Methods: GNES, isolated from water extract of Ganoderma neojaponicum, was used to test its osteoclastogenesis inhibition effect in RANKL-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) or murine monocytic cell line RAW264.7 in vitro.
T95991 530415-530518 Sentence denotes The results showed that GNES could inhibit RANKLinduced ROS production and the formation of osteoclast.
T76462 530519-530727 Sentence denotes Moreover, GNES treatment decreased the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic-1 (NFATc1), a master regulator of osteoclast differentiation, and of osteoclast marker such as cathepsin K.
T68836 530728-530890 Sentence denotes In addition, GNES impaired the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).
T57077 530891-530902 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T81443 530903-531037 Sentence denotes Our data suggested that GNES inhibited osteoclastogenesis through downregulation of RANKL-induced ROS production by HO-1 upregulation.
T78276 531038-531220 Sentence denotes The amino acid residue Histidine-65 of a novel Enzyme-IIA affects 1,3-popanediol production in Klebsiella pneumoniae Novaria Sari Dewi Panjaitan 1 , Yu-Tze Horng 2 , Po-Chi Soo 1,2 .
T75887 531221-531618 Sentence denotes 1 Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan 1, , also known as trimethylene glycol, a multifunctional valuable organic compound, recently has been used in various industry field, such as the synthesis of biodegradable polyesters, polyurethanes and polyethers.
T80281 531619-531768 Sentence denotes Besides the chemical methods, 1,3-PD can be produced through fermentation processes of glycerol in certain bacteria, including Klebsiella pneumoniae.
T63198 531769-531871 Sentence denotes Glycerol is metabolized fermentatively to 1,3-PD in bacterial aerobic or anaerobic metabolic pathways.
T34459 531872-532082 Sentence denotes Aerobically, glycerol can be uptaken into bacterial cell through glycerol facilitator protein (GlpF), then will be phosphorylated by glycerol kinase (GlpK) to become glycerol-3-P, for being further metabolized.
T88873 532083-532276 Sentence denotes In Enterobacteriaceae, phosphotransferase system (PTS) protein Enzyme-IIA Glc (also called Crr, for catabolite repression resistance) was found to be the central regulator of carbon metabolism.
T56234 532277-532347 Sentence denotes Unphosphorylated Crr protein can bind to GlpK to inhibit its function.
T7035 532348-532489 Sentence denotes In previous study we found that KPN00353, a novel KpEIIA, could inhibit 1,3-PD production in Klebsiella pneumoniae by direct binding to GlpK.
T82910 532490-532658 Sentence denotes Based on the protein-protein interaction site prediction, amino acid residue Histidine-65 (His-65) is predicted to be the important residue for KpGlpK-KPN00353 binding.
T36208 532659-532795 Sentence denotes Several mutations at His-65 of KPN00353 were designed in order to mimic either unphosphorylation or phosphorylation of KPN00353 protein.
T95756 532796-533001 Sentence denotes We found that the unphosphorylated KPN00353 could bind stronger to KpGlpK than the phosphorylated form, resulting in higher nonuptaken glycerol concentration in the used medium and lower 1,3-PD production.
T13005 533002-533013 Sentence denotes Background:
T3245 533014-533157 Sentence denotes Proteus mirabilis is a common human pathogen causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially in patients with indwelling urinary catheters.
T91759 533158-533260 Sentence denotes Many regulatory mechanisms have been evolved for bacteria to adapt to changes of diverse environments.
T83478 533261-533510 Sentence denotes Type VI secretion systems (T6SS) are known to contribute to bacterial pathogenicity by exerting toxic effects on host cells or competing bacterial species and are involved in a broad variety of functions such as biofilm formation and stress sensing.
T5670 533511-533594 Sentence denotes This large array of functions is reflected by a diversity of regulatory mechanisms.
T44905 533595-533647 Sentence denotes The regulation of P. mirabilis T6SS remains unclear.
T19941 533648-533745 Sentence denotes Recently, our transcriptome analysis revealed P. mirabilis T6SS was regulated by many regulators.
T25773 533746-533754 Sentence denotes Methods:
T8139 533755-534009 Sentence denotes We first confirmed the regulation of T6SS by regulators using real-time RT-PCR and the promoter reporter assay and identified one T6SS main structure operon and four Hcp/VgrG effector operons in P. mirabilis N2 by using sequence specific RT and then PCR.
T88079 534010-534124 Sentence denotes We investigated whether the regulators can bind directly to T6SS promoter region using a DNaseI footprinting assy.
T70159 534125-534201 Sentence denotes Overexpression of the effector toxin was performed to disclose its function.
T65414 534202-534329 Sentence denotes The growth predominance test and killing assay were used to observe the competition between wild type and the regulator mutant.
T82056 534330-534434 Sentence denotes We contructed vipAB (encoding the T6SS sheath) mutant to confirm the regulator-mediated killing of T6SS.
T17160 534435-534513 Sentence denotes We also purified the possible toxin to assess its function in E. coli killing.
T13308 534514-534522 Sentence denotes Results:
T56450 534523-534677 Sentence denotes Many regulators positively regulated T6SS by binding directly to T6SS promoter region and also positively regulated the expression of the effector toxins.
T82847 534678-534803 Sentence denotes Overexpression of the effector toxin in wild-type P. mirabili resulted in increased killing of regulator mutants and E. coli.
T14529 534804-534982 Sentence denotes Accordingly, the growth predominance test and killing assay demonstrated that P. mirabilis T6SS conferred growth predominance on the wild-type over regulator mutants and E. coli.
T21929 534983-534994 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T72606 534995-535112 Sentence denotes The expression of P. mirabilis T6SS was positively regulated by many regulators, which affected its killing function.
T2875 535113-535245 Sentence denotes T6SS contributed to growth predominance over regulator mutants and E. coli, suggesting P. mirabilis T6SS as an antibacterial weapon.
T97903 535246-535257 Sentence denotes Background:
T67424 535258-535320 Sentence denotes Rapid diagnosis of Bacteremia is critical for sepsis patients.
T93300 535321-535526 Sentence denotes The new generation blood culture system, VirtuO™, possesses fully automatic functions including sign-in, loading and unloading bottles which reduce hands on time and is easy to operate for hospital staffs.
T16590 535527-535879 Sentence denotes To improve the delay-entry into blood culture system for the specimens in the evening and night shifts for lacking manpower to run a 24-hour microbiology service, VirtuO™ was introduced into a emergency room (ER) of a Taiwan hospital that allows nursing staffs to load blood culture bottles immediately after collection in day, evening and nigh shifts.
T39085 535880-535971 Sentence denotes The benefit of the intervention in turnaround time (TAT) of blood culture was investigated.
T70190 535972-535980 Sentence denotes Methods:
T1635 535981-536028 Sentence denotes The study was conducted in a 1500-bed hospital.
T61628 536029-536318 Sentence denotes The efficacy of introducing VirtuO™ into ER was compared to an existed procedure that blood culture specimens were loaded into BacT/ Alert 3D system only in the day-shift in a microbiology Lab with regards to TAT from medical order to detection time for evening and night shifts specimens.
T59745 536319-536327 Sentence denotes Results:
T85255 536328-536392 Sentence denotes Application of VirtuO™ in ER has achieved the following results.
T84744 536393-536511 Sentence denotes First, The time from medical order to blood culture bottle loading into incubator shortened for 13.7 hours in average.
T8384 536512-536770 Sentence denotes Second, TAT from medical order to positive detection in 90% positive cultures when VirtuO™ in ER were within 43.3 hrs, while this TAT in 90% positive cultures for the previous procedure with only BacT/Alert 3D in microbiology laboratory were within 55.7 hrs.
T1605 536771-536897 Sentence denotes Third, 56% VirtuO™ bottles were positive in 24 hours, while 19% in previous BacT/Alert 3D procedure were positive in 24 hours.
T70605 536898-536909 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T27987 536910-536989 Sentence denotes VirtuO™ is an automated blood culture system and easy to operate for ER staffs.
T73055 536990-537309 Sentence denotes Introducing VirtuO™ in ER solves the problem of delayed entry including the time for transportation of blood culture bottles from ER to microbiology room and avoids the need of manpower for transportation in evening and night shifts, while loading blood specimens into blood culture system can be performed immediately.
T18792 537310-537460 Sentence denotes The intervention resulted in faster blood culture results, and therefore would be helpful for treatment of sepsis patients and antibiotic stewardship.
T25373 537461-537472 Sentence denotes Background:
T45353 537473-537743 Sentence denotes Tedizolid phosphate 200mg, once-daily, 6-day treatment has been demonstrated to be non-inferior to linezolid 600 mg, twice-daily, 10-day treatment in patients with ABSSSI, which was further investigated in a multicentre phase 3 study in a predominantly Asian population.
T86510 537744-537752 Sentence denotes Methods:
T25952 537753-538047 Sentence denotes Adult patients with ABSSSI (i.e. cellulitis/erysipelas, major abscess, or wound infection), due to suspected/confirmed Gram-positive pathogen, were randomised to receive intravenous/ oral (IV/PO) once-daily tedizolid phosphate (200 mg, 6 days) or IV/ PO twice-daily linezolid (600 mg, 10 days).
T9928 538048-538237 Sentence denotes The primary endpoint was early clinical response rate based on ≥20% lesion size reduction at 48-72 hours after treatment initiation in the intent-to-treat (ITT [all randomised]) population.
T53345 538238-538378 Sentence denotes Non-inferiority was predefined as the lower limit of 95% confidence interval (CI) for the betweentreatment difference was greater than -10%.
T99417 538379-538387 Sentence denotes Results:
T47323 538388-538477 Sentence denotes Patients (N = 598) from Mainland China, Taiwan, Philippines, and the USA were randomised:
T88089 538478-538544 Sentence denotes N = 300 and N = 298 in tedizolid and linezolid arms, respectively.
T75519 538545-538787 Sentence denotes Baseline characteristics were similar between tedizolid and linezolid arms regarding mean age (45.7 years, 47.5 years), proportion of Asian patients (63.7%, 64.8%), males (69.7%, 64.4%), and cellulitis/erysipelas (64.0%, 64.1%), respectively.
T15686 538788-538875 Sentence denotes As for the primary endpoint, the treatment difference was -4.6% (95% CI: -11.2%; 2.2%).
T71894 538876-539106 Sentence denotes In the modified ITT population (mITT; excluding patients without taking any dose of study drug [tedizolid: n = 8, linezolid: n = 1]), the treatment difference was -2.7%, with the lower and upper limits of 95% CI as -9.4% and 3.9%.
T73156 539107-539346 Sentence denotes Secondary endpoints including clinical response rate at end-of-therapy (EOT) and investigator's assessment of clinical success at post-therapy evaluation (PTE) showed high clinical efficacy in ITT and clinically evaluable (CE) populations.
T5874 539347-539455 Sentence denotes Microbiological eradication rates were favourable for both treatments, including MRSA infections (tedizolid:
T52848 539456-539473 Sentence denotes 72.4%, linezolid:
T84009 539474-539481 Sentence denotes 62.5%).
T94609 539482-539636 Sentence denotes Treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) rates for tedizolid and linezolid were 49.7% and 45.8%, and drug-related TEAEs were 20.9% and 15.8%, respectively.
T26416 539637-539748 Sentence denotes Drug-related injection site phlebitis was slightly more frequent with tedizolid (n = 8) than linezolid (n = 0).
T30003 539749-539800 Sentence denotes Discontinuations due to TEAEs were ∼2% in each arm.
T15525 539801-539825 Sentence denotes No deaths were reported.
T7879 539826-539837 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T77224 539838-540057 Sentence denotes Non-inferiority of 6 days of IV-to-oral, once-daily 200 mg tedizolid phosphate to 10 days of IV-to-oral, twice-daily 600mg linezolid in early clinical response was inconclusive at 48-72 hours after treatment initiation.
T59177 540058-540194 Sentence denotes Tedizolid showed consistent high clinical efficacy at the later timepoints (EOT and PTE) comparable with the pivotal ESTABLISH studies1.
T38370 540195-540275 Sentence denotes Tedizolid was highly efficacious against MRSA infections and was well tolerated.
T9562 540276-540457 Sentence denotes Tigecycline treatment for severe C. difficile infection: CDI BI/NAP1/027 Tse-Hao Chen 1 , Soon-Hian Teh 1,2 , Lih-shinn Wang 1,2 , Wei-Yi Lei 1,3 , Huei-jen Chao 4 , Siao-ru Lin 5 .
T28681 540458-540574 Sentence denotes 1 School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, 3 Background:
T75039 540575-540654 Sentence denotes Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a common cause of iatrogenic diarrhea.
T35496 540655-540815 Sentence denotes Hypervirulent toxinotype III BI/NAP1/027 strain of C. difficile was easily found in the North America, but only three cases were previously described in Taiwan.
T71082 540816-540886 Sentence denotes Metronidazole and vancomycin are used as first-line treatment for CDI.
T94274 540887-541123 Sentence denotes As refractory/severe CDI becomes more frequent and the drug of choice, fidaxomicin, is not available in most hospitals in many countries, we may need to consider an alternative treatment, such as tigecycline, for NAP1/BI/027 strain CDI.
T20662 541124-541132 Sentence denotes Methods:
T44227 541133-541316 Sentence denotes We retrospectively reviewed all patients with diagnosis of CDI confirmed by stool culture, Ag testing or PCR, from January 2016 to March 2017 in a tertiary hospital in eastern Taiwan.
T36647 541317-541458 Sentence denotes GeneXpert C. difficile/Epi Assay was used to identify NAP1/BI/027 strain CDI in selective cases when the physicians in charge felt necessary.
T57510 541459-541467 Sentence denotes Results:
T9051 541468-541512 Sentence denotes A total of 71 cases were diagnosed with CDI.
T39178 541513-541621 Sentence denotes Among them, two were identified as NAP1/BI/027 strain CDI by GeneXpert, both were also confirmed by culture.
T74746 541622-541755 Sentence denotes Both of our cases can be classified as severe complicated CDI because they had consciousness change accompanied with severe bandemia.
T85918 541756-541840 Sentence denotes Both failed to conventional combination treatment with metronidazole and vancomycin.
T81832 541841-541928 Sentence denotes As a result, intravenous tigecycline treatment was prescribed as an adjunctive therapy.
T95069 541929-542003 Sentence denotes Both of our patient recovered uneventfully from this hypervirulent strain.
T15564 542004-542119 Sentence denotes The successful results were shown by sigmoidoscopy before and after tigecycline treatment in one patient (Figure) .
T36941 542120-542131 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T48694 542132-542254 Sentence denotes In this study, the advantage of adding tigecycline to standard treatment of NAP1/BI/027 strain CDI was clearly manifested.
T35957 542255-542389 Sentence denotes Tigecycline combined with either metronidazole or vancomycin appears to be a reasonable therapy for severe and severe-complicated CDI.
T82723 542390-542765 Sentence denotes Clinical characteristics of bacteremia caused by vancomycinsusceptible Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus feacium in a tertiary hospital; a case-control study: alert to Enterococcus faecium strains with high minimum inhibitory concentrations of daptomycin Hiroki Namikawa 1 , Hiroshi Kakeya 1 , Koichi Yamada 1 , Wataru Shibata 1 , Hiroki Fujimoto 1 , Yukihiro Kaneko 2 .
T97400 542766-542912 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Science, 2 Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
T50285 542913-542924 Sentence denotes Background:
T79138 542925-542990 Sentence denotes The mortality of bacteremia due to Enterococcus faecium was high.
T58695 542991-543139 Sentence denotes Further, E. faecium strains with high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of daptomycin (DAP) have recently been a problem in clinical practice.
T9610 543140-543330 Sentence denotes This study aimed to assess the predictor factors and prognosis of patients with bacteremia due to E. faecium and the antimicrobial susceptibility focusing on DAP against E. faecium isolates.
T28400 543331-543339 Sentence denotes Methods:
T57607 543340-543568 Sentence denotes The medical records of 60 patients with E. faecalis bacteremia and 48 patients with E. faecium bacteremia who had been admitted to Osaka City University Hospital between January 2011 and March 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.
T9339 543569-543714 Sentence denotes Patient backgrounds, predictor factors for infection, prognosis, and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates from bacteremia were evaluated.
T90595 543715-543723 Sentence denotes Results:
T26830 543724-543838 Sentence denotes The mean Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and the mortality did not differ between the two groups.
T36618 543839-544047 Sentence denotes However, independent predictors associated with E. faecium bacteremia in the multivariate analysis were the use of quinolones ( p = 0.025), malignancy ( p = 0.021), and prolonged hospitalization ( p = 0.016).
T38037 544048-544111 Sentence denotes Cardiovascular disease was the opposite predictor ( p = 0.015).
T47501 544112-544218 Sentence denotes Further, the number of E. faecium isolates with DAP MIC ≥3 was more than that of E. faecalis ( p = 0.036).
T95970 544219-544230 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T10054 544231-544314 Sentence denotes Careful use of DAP is crucial when administering therapy for E. faecium bacteremia.
T8215 544315-544326 Sentence denotes Background:
T7523 544327-544462 Sentence denotes Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome, which was first described in 1920, is defined as perihepatitis concomitant with pelvic inflammatory disease.
T4627 544463-544520 Sentence denotes Chlamydia trachomatis is considered the culprit pathogen.
T23502 544521-544674 Sentence denotes This syndrome usually features with right upper quadrant abdominal pain mimicking other hepatobiliary diseases, posing a clinically diagnostic challenge.
T54422 544675-544687 Sentence denotes Case report:
T94032 544688-544818 Sentence denotes A 29-year-old female was admitted because of fever, chills, persistent right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and vaginal discharge.
T56574 544819-544890 Sentence denotes The laboratory data revealed leukocytosis with neutrophils predominant.
T73741 544891-545012 Sentence denotes On admission, the abdominal CT revealed mild right side pelural effusion, and a 3.8-cm-sized mass lesion below the cecum.
T6195 545013-545146 Sentence denotes The transvaginal ultrasound indicated fluid accumulation in the pelvic cul de sac, and bilateral adnexa mass, favouring endometrioma.
T67671 545147-545210 Sentence denotes The serum serology revealed Chlamydia trachomatis IgA positive.
T83699 545211-545289 Sentence denotes Clinical and laboratory findings were suggestive of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome.
T28803 545290-545408 Sentence denotes Two weeks after treatment with intravenous Flumarin and Clinicin, the patient showed significant clinical improvement.
T55258 545409-545420 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T18670 545421-545573 Sentence denotes Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome should be included as a differential diagnosis in women with right upper quadrant pain, especially at their reproductive ages.
T20340 545574-545701 Sentence denotes Positive Aspergillus galactomannan assay in a severe influenza patient co-infected with fungal Curvularia species Wen-Liang Yu.
T15657 545702-545858 Sentence denotes Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Background:
T25937 545859-545939 Sentence denotes Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) might occur in severe influenza patients.
T33689 545940-546012 Sentence denotes In Taiwan, cases of severe influenza with IPA are increasingly reported.
T40872 546013-546116 Sentence denotes Aspergillus galactomannan (GM) antigen assay greatly facilitates early diagnosis in high-risk patients.
T18978 546117-546292 Sentence denotes However, GM antigen could be positive in infections caused by other filamentous fungi, such as Penicillium and Curvularia species, and careful clinical correlation is advised.
T76781 546293-546301 Sentence denotes Methods:
T45504 546302-546367 Sentence denotes A 58 y/o man of COPD had fever and productive cough for 2-3 days.
T4517 546368-546401 Sentence denotes He denied other systemic disease.
T67076 546402-546497 Sentence denotes Dyspnea on exertion (like climbing stairs), wheezing sound and mild chest tightness were noted.
T21659 546498-546595 Sentence denotes He was brought to our ER, where his temperature was 39.7 degree Celsius and BP was 141/116 mm Hg.
T7730 546596-546692 Sentence denotes Emergent intubation with mechanical ventilation was performed for impending respiratory failure.
T33583 546693-546808 Sentence denotes Lab data revealed leukocytosis, elevated lactate level (8.8 mmole/L), and mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis.
T40829 546809-546842 Sentence denotes Influenza A antigen was positive.
T96547 546843-546901 Sentence denotes PCR methods confirmed FluA but different to H1N1 and H3N2.
T51750 546902-546971 Sentence denotes CXR showed emphysematous change with mild infiltration in both lungs.
T66939 546972-547062 Sentence denotes Hypotension occurred at ER, so fluid resuscitation with inotropic agent infusion was used.
T27063 547063-547230 Sentence denotes Under the impression of septic shock, COPD with acute exacerbation, and influenza A infection, he was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for further management.
T3586 547231-547239 Sentence denotes Results:
T92467 547240-547298 Sentence denotes In ICU, piperacillin-tazobactam and oseltamivir were used.
T95037 547299-547351 Sentence denotes Sputum culture yielded a mold species of Curvularia.
T38558 547352-547418 Sentence denotes Blood Aspergillus GM antigen index was >9.24 (normal index, <0.5).
T8398 547419-547457 Sentence denotes Therefore, voriconazole was initiated.
T85081 547458-547547 Sentence denotes Another sputum culture yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica.
T22209 547548-547599 Sentence denotes Antibiotic was shifted to imipenem and tigecycline.
T98065 547600-547643 Sentence denotes However, dyspnea became air-hunger pattern.
T31912 547644-547747 Sentence denotes CXR showed bilateral consolidation in progression, compatible with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
T30140 547748-547832 Sentence denotes He developed profound shock status and was expired after 10 days of hospitalization.
T57182 547833-547844 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T52131 547845-547928 Sentence denotes Aspergillus GM positive has been found in patients with severe influenza in Taiwan.
T86697 547929-548033 Sentence denotes We first report positive Aspergillus GM testing in a severe influenza patient with Curvularia infection.
T90239 548034-548086 Sentence denotes Early diagnosis and management for IPA is important.
T62611 548087-548172 Sentence denotes Treatment of Curvularia infection usually consists of amphotericin B or itraconazole.
T98731 548173-548209 Sentence denotes Voriconazole also appears promising.
T66658 548210-548314 Sentence denotes Our case highlights that positive Aspergillus GM testing could occur in other invasive fungal infection.
T89730 548315-548453 Sentence denotes Therefore, GM assay must be interpreted with caution due to cross reactions to other fungi, which might need different antifungal therapy.
T5661 548454-548465 Sentence denotes Background:
T98808 548466-548562 Sentence denotes Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) might comprise up to 23-29% of severe influenza patients.
T285 548563-548649 Sentence denotes In Taiwan, epidemiological association of severe influenza with IPA has been reported.
T51769 548650-548798 Sentence denotes Meanwhile, prior high-level ambient fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres (PM 2.5 ) before influenza epidemic was also noticed.
T82749 548799-548893 Sentence denotes However, detailed evidence of epidemiological linkage between PM 2.5 and IPA has been limited.
T99628 548894-549094 Sentence denotes Therefore, we compare the correlation of PM 2.5 (as monthly average level) by different exposure periods and critical level to the development of IPA among severe influenza and non-influenza patients.
T78262 549095-549103 Sentence denotes Methods:
T9018 549104-549245 Sentence denotes We retrospectively reviewed adult patients with severe influenza in a tertiary medical center in Taiwan from January 2015 through March 2016.
T16173 549246-549398 Sentence denotes The definition of probable IPA required abnormal radiological findings and positive Aspergillus galactomannan (GM) antigen and/or Aspergillus isolation.
T55189 549399-549553 Sentence denotes Platelia Aspergillus Ag EIA (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Marnes-La-Coquette, France) was used to detect GM in blood with a positive cut-off value of ≥0.5 index.
T47959 549554-549669 Sentence denotes PM 2.5 as an index of ambient air pollution in Tainan city was obtained from Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Network.
T33749 549670-549779 Sentence denotes Spearman's correlation was used to measure the strength of epidemiological association between two variables.
T44242 549780-549788 Sentence denotes Results:
T6071 549789-549870 Sentence denotes A total of 124 patients with severe influenza were found during the study period.
T49395 549871-550145 Sentence denotes Monthly average PM 2.5 level and exposure to monthly critical level of >30 μg/m 3 within previous 1-2 months has significant correlation with the development of IPA in severe influenza patients, but has no significant correlation with IPA in non-influenza patients (Table) .
T93179 550146-550253 Sentence denotes Influenza cases significantly increased when average PM 2.5 exceeded critical level during prior 1st month.
T55308 550254-550437 Sentence denotes Conclusion: PM 2.5 exposure within previous 1-2 months, particularly above critical level, may be positively correlated with the development of IPA in the setting of severe influenza.
T97523 550438-550446 Sentence denotes Results:
T65291 550447-550548 Sentence denotes Among these 7 cases, only one patient was more than 65 years old, and 5 patients were female (71.4%).
T27464 550549-550681 Sentence denotes Clinical manifestations include life threatening encephalitis, pneumonitis, generalized lymphadenopathy and multi-organ involvement.
T46368 550682-550757 Sentence denotes Two patients received PCR for Toxoplasma; one showed positive result (50%).
T18745 550758-550815 Sentence denotes Two patients was confirmed to have HIV infection (28.5%).
T81816 550816-550909 Sentence denotes Two patients had fever or sepsis during the course, one of them presented with brain lesions.
T96177 550910-550970 Sentence denotes Four patients (57%) presented with multiple lymphadenopathy.
T67004 550971-551135 Sentence denotes Three patients with CNS involvement had ICU stay for one to two months, with one mortality; alsoToxoplasma antibodies were undetectable in two of these three cases.
T256 551136-551366 Sentence denotes In the two cases taking IFN-γ profile study, anti-IFN-γ auto-antibodies were not detected in plasma; however, IFN-γ levels in whole blood were both lower compared with control group, which might be indicative of immune deficiency.
T55344 551367-551378 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T81633 551379-551622 Sentence denotes Most patients with multiple sites of lymphadenopathy could be controlled well with medications after excision; however, CNS involvement may cause more complicated clinical course, which need intensive medical care and may even cause mortality.
T34036 551623-551763 Sentence denotes Lab tests for Toxoplasma antibody is usually a rapid tool for detection but has its limitation especially in patients with immunodeficiency.
T33207 551764-551861 Sentence denotes IFN-γ profile could provide information of patients' immune status in disseminated toxoplasmosis.
T42615 551862-551969 Sentence denotes Chun-yu Chang 1 *, Lih-shinn Wang 2 , Tsung-lang Chiu 3 , Pau-yuan Chang 4 , Chih-ming Hu 5 , Chia-ching J.
T81042 551970-551981 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T81149 551982-552072 Sentence denotes Previous publications have reported ischemic stroke complicating meningococcal meningitis.
T23236 552073-552202 Sentence denotes However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of subdural effusion secondary to meningococcemia and meningitis in an adult.
T68027 552203-552269 Sentence denotes Early detection and appropriate treatment may improve the outcome.
T60618 552270-552383 Sentence denotes Streptococcus acidominimus endocarditis presenting as acute coronary syndrome Yen-Chen Lin 1 , Lih-shinn Wang 2 .
T59235 552384-552395 Sentence denotes Background:
T61652 552396-552480 Sentence denotes Filamentous basidiomycetes are emerging fungal pathogens in immunocompromised hosts.
T44823 552481-552594 Sentence denotes Volvariella volvacea is a non-sporulating filamentous basidiomycete that is commonly known as the straw mushroom.
T4372 552595-552744 Sentence denotes We describe a case of invasive fungal infection by Volvariella volvacea in a patient with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) on chemotherapy.
T27865 552745-552820 Sentence denotes This infection involved the brain, lung and skin, and was eventually fatal.
T97152 552821-552829 Sentence denotes Methods:
T32934 552830-552924 Sentence denotes A 45-year-old male Chinese Singaporean resident was diagnosed with T-cell ALL in October 2016.
T52581 552925-553039 Sentence denotes He was treated with the first cycle of hyper-CVAD regimen and intrathecal cytarabine with fluconazole prophylaxis.
T97062 553040-553136 Sentence denotes His treatment was complicated by a linerelated bloodstream infection and intermittent confusion.
T23975 553137-553185 Sentence denotes MRI brain showed several ring-enhancing lesions.
T11090 553186-553227 Sentence denotes CT thorax showed nodules with cavitation.
T43256 553228-553325 Sentence denotes He was started on empiric IV ceftriaxone 4 gm daily and was switched to posaconazole prophylaxis.
T16476 553326-553426 Sentence denotes He underwent bronchoalveolar lavage, lumbar puncture and brain biopsy but these were not diagnostic.
T40322 553427-553515 Sentence denotes 3 weeks later, a repeat MRI brain and CT thorax demonstrated improvement of the lesions.
T65251 553516-553584 Sentence denotes He was continued on the second cycle of hyper-CVAD in December 2016.
T85647 553585-553700 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, he deteriorated 1 day later with another line-related infection and new nodules on repeat MRI brain.
T44660 553701-553747 Sentence denotes Again, brain biopsy did not yield a diagnosis.
T86373 553748-553900 Sentence denotes The patient became progressively obtunded and was commenced on empiric pyrimethamine, clindamycin, folinic acid, meropenem and liposomal amphotericin B.
T26740 553901-553956 Sentence denotes He then developed new skin nodules which were biopsied.
T62827 553957-554006 Sentence denotes Histology revealed broad-appearing fungal hyphae.
T27695 554007-554063 Sentence denotes The patient succumbed to the infection a few days later.
T84491 554064-554072 Sentence denotes Results:
T92342 554073-554138 Sentence denotes Skin biopsy culture grew colonies of a light browncoloured mould.
T12930 554139-554205 Sentence denotes It was identified as Volvariella volvacea by molecular sequencing.
T18580 554206-554217 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T32079 554218-554385 Sentence denotes Our patient may have partially responded to the switch in prophylaxis from fluconazole to posaconazole, which paradoxically may have made the diagnosis more difficult.
T92637 554386-554509 Sentence denotes This patient's infection resembled other forms of invasive fungal infections with lung-brain syndrome and skin involvement.
T64849 554510-554622 Sentence denotes On histopathologic examination, it was difficult to distinguish Volvariella volvacea from other invasive moulds.
T52192 554623-554752 Sentence denotes The key to managing this infection is in obtaining tissue diagnosis by microbiology, assisted by molecular sequencing techniques.
T32383 554753-554942 Sentence denotes Volvariella volvacea is an emerging and potentially fatal cause of invasive fungal infection in patients with haematologic malignancies, for which prompt diagnosis and treatment is crucial.
T56806 554943-555377 Sentence denotes Staphylococcus warneri bacteremia complicating peritonitis in a patient with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) Wen-Sen Lee 1 , Fu-Lun Chen 1 , Shio-Shin Jean 2 , Tsong-Yih Ou 1 . erythromycin (≧8 mg/L), oxacillin (≧4 mg/L), gentamicin (≧16 mg/ L) and tetracycline (≧16 mg/L), and susceptible to vancomycin (≦1 mg/L), linezolid (≦2 mg/L), moxifloxacin (≦0.5 mg/L), ciprofloxacin (≦0.5 mg/L) and clindamycin (≦0.5 mg/L).
T79984 555378-555460 Sentence denotes The examination of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed negative finding.
T67125 555461-555635 Sentence denotes The pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of Staphylococcus warneri of the strain 1 ( peripheral blood) and strain 2 (ascites) showed the same identical pattern (Figure 1 ).
T64598 555636-555646 Sentence denotes Figure 1 :
T70305 555647-555812 Sentence denotes The pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of Staphylococcus warneri of the strain 1 (peripheral blood) and the strain 2 (ascites) showed the same identical pattern.
T70719 555813-555824 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T33538 555825-555860 Sentence denotes Pulmonary aspergillosis was proved.
T6240 555861-555963 Sentence denotes However, the tissue prove of brain and liver was not performed due to patient's will and complication.
T72604 555964-556066 Sentence denotes However, the patient's condition and image study showed improve after the Voriconazole was prescribed.
T39508 556067-556150 Sentence denotes Hence, the invasive aspergillosis involve lung, liver and brain was highly suspect.
T68006 556151-556162 Sentence denotes Background:
T66609 556163-556337 Sentence denotes Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is more common in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and is associated with higher mortality than in Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.
T58270 556338-556424 Sentence denotes CMV disease may occur in ESRD patients without the presence of overt immunodeficiency.
T94134 556425-556491 Sentence denotes The gastrointestinal tract is the most common site of involvement.
T94280 556492-556577 Sentence denotes Clinicians should be aware of this possibility in ESRD patients who have GI symptoms.
T29827 556578-556687 Sentence denotes We reported a case of ESRD with regular hemodialysis (HD) accompanied with severe GI bleeding by CMV colitis.
T97614 556688-556700 Sentence denotes Case report:
T59417 556701-556767 Sentence denotes This 70 years old female had a past history of ESRD on regular HD.
T77202 556768-556832 Sentence denotes This time, she suffered from coffee ground and vomiting tonight.
T98371 556833-556918 Sentence denotes His husband said she recived HD program with weight loss only one kilogram yesterday.
T56785 556919-556986 Sentence denotes Due to above reasons, she was sent to emergency room (ER) for help.
T23846 556987-557076 Sentence denotes At ER, laboratory data showed severe hyperkalemia, with atrial flutter and coffee ground.
T22627 557077-557262 Sentence denotes Emergency HD was done, then she was then admitted for intensive care ward due to coronary artery disease with three veneral disease (CAD with 3-V-D), and intermittent tachy-bradycardia.
T52390 557263-557376 Sentence denotes After ICU, blood transfusion was performed and high dose protonpump inhibitor (PPI) infusion were also performed.
T68546 557377-557524 Sentence denotes Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGI endoscopy) was was done, which showed gastric ulcers, antrum, with bleeding, post hemoclips; duodenal ulcers.
T73947 557525-557719 Sentence denotes Electrocardiogram revealed T wave -inversion so echocardiography and cardiologist was consulted due to CAD with 3-V-D, with the suspicious of non STelevation myocardial infarction due to anemia.
T71716 557720-557832 Sentence denotes However, echocardiography showed no evidence of hypokinease so medication use after clinical condition improved.
T88399 557833-557931 Sentence denotes Chest X-ray showed right upper lobe consolidation, and sputum culture was Acinetobacter baumannii.
T10650 557932-558011 Sentence denotes So we added antibiotics with ceftazidime plus vancomycin for infection control.
T45609 558012-558111 Sentence denotes We informed the condition to her family and repeated UGI endoscopy due to high risk for rebleeding.
T15266 558112-558203 Sentence denotes Due to easy bleeding and positive CMV-polymerase chain reaction in gastric fluid was noted.
T28871 558204-558268 Sentence denotes GI bleeding was stopped after ganciclovir infusion for two days.
T81800 558269-558423 Sentence denotes General condition got much better, so we shifted iv form ganciclovir to valganciclovir from 2016/11/29 to 2016/12/05 and she was discharged on 2016/12/05.
T16645 558424-558539 Sentence denotes Discussion: CMV can be established as a potential infection, which can lead to reactivation with immunosuppression.
T94970 558540-558633 Sentence denotes It can affect almost any organ system, gastrointestinal tract involvement is the most common.
T9557 558634-558874 Sentence denotes Because of the rare occurrence of CMV-associated fatal multiple gastric and duodenal bleeding, high index suspicion is needed in immunocompromised patients with gastrointestinal bleeding for early diagnosis and possible beneficial outcomes.
T19802 558875-559063 Sentence denotes Histoplasma blood stream infection with bone marrow involvement in an AIDS patient Da-Chuan Yeh 1 , Yu Huai Ho 1 , Lih-Shinn Wang 1 , Ming-Huei Gu 2 , Huei-jen Chao 2 , Yung-Hsiang Hsu 3 .
T40844 559064-559246 Sentence denotes 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, 3 Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
T95577 559247-559258 Sentence denotes Background:
T30557 559259-559308 Sentence denotes Histoplasma capsulatum are rarely seen in Taiwan.
T34555 559309-559381 Sentence denotes Here we report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in an AIDS patient.
T2116 559382-559390 Sentence denotes Methods:
T34120 559391-559478 Sentence denotes A 37-year-old man was admitted with one-month history of high fever and abdominal pain.
T87014 559479-559578 Sentence denotes He was newly diagnosed AIDS two weeks before and transferred to our hospital for further treatment.
T22749 559579-559638 Sentence denotes On physical examination the patient appeared weak and thin.
T66239 559639-559733 Sentence denotes His temperature was 38.5°C, with a pulse 105 beats per minute, respiration rate 21 per minute.
T89147 559734-559919 Sentence denotes Laboratory studies revealed hemoglobin of 8.5 g/dL, leukocyte count 1,310/μL, platelet count 45,000/μL, AST 165 IU/L, ALT 96 IU/L, CD4 count 0/mm 3 , and HIV viral load 3,570 copies/mL.
T94680 559920-560035 Sentence denotes Abdominal to pelvic CT showed splenomegaly, enlarged retroperitoneal, mesenteric LNs and massive amount of ascites.
T76375 560036-560112 Sentence denotes Lung CT showed consolidation at left lower lung field with pleural effusion.
T4270 560113-560282 Sentence denotes Opportunistic infection surveys were negative except PCR assays for herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus from blood and bronchial alveolar lavage were both positive.
T23270 560283-560349 Sentence denotes Lymph node biopsy was not feasible due to severe thrombocytopenia.
T84883 560350-560527 Sentence denotes We managed to perform bone marrow aspiration and biopsy after platelet transfusion which showed hypocellular marrow with marrow content less than 5% and negative for malignancy.
T57669 560528-560601 Sentence denotes Patient's condition deteriorated and he was transferred for hospice care.
T38020 560602-560610 Sentence denotes Results:
T81905 560611-560689 Sentence denotes Six weeks later, the TB culture of the peripheral blood showed growth of mold.
T23603 560690-560766 Sentence denotes The microorganism was subsequently identified as H. capsulatum by PCR assay.
T37103 560767-560866 Sentence denotes Blood culture and fungal culture were reported as sterile after one and two week incubation period.
T79168 560867-561021 Sentence denotes Bone marrow biopsy was revised with GMS stain which showed numerous intracellular yeast-like micro-organisms, consistent with histoplasmosis ( Figure A) .
T75062 561022-561033 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T55905 561034-561127 Sentence denotes Histoplasmosis is rarely seen in Taiwan and only a limited number of cases had been reported.
T37599 561128-561233 Sentence denotes It could be missed by laboratories if incubation for recovery of fungi is shorter than four to six weeks.
T56842 561234-561374 Sentence denotes It would be advisable for laboratories to review their culture policies and extend fungal culture incubation to at least four weeks or more.
T45724 561375-561477 Sentence denotes Slow growing mold would be underestimated by a short incubation time for fungus in service laboratory.
T96856 561478-561596 Sentence denotes Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension in HIV patients Yu-Huai Ho 1 , Lei Wei Yi 2 , Yung-hsiang Hsu 3 , Lih-shinn Wang 1 .
T87774 561597-561649 Sentence denotes Based on these findings, liver biopsy was performed.
T6289 561650-561852 Sentence denotes Histology analysis of the biopsy (Figure 1 ) revealed focal spotty necrosis and swelling of hepatocytes with lymphocytic satellitosis, compatible with mild acute hepatitis and mild portal area fibrosis.
T92508 561853-561900 Sentence denotes Noncirrhotic portal hypertension was diagnosed.
T41927 561901-561912 Sentence denotes Background:
T39268 561913-562009 Sentence denotes Voriconazole is an antifungal medicine by killing the growth of the fungi that cause infections.
T32567 562010-562154 Sentence denotes It is usually used for the treatment of patients with invasive aspergillosis, especially for chemotherapy patients to their infectious diseases.
T64307 562155-562257 Sentence denotes Voriconazole has a nonlinear pharmacokinetic profile with wide inter-and intra individual variability.
T11776 562258-562386 Sentence denotes High total voriconazole concertration also induce the toxicity in live, and unbounded form is more poisonous in sepsis patients.
T33922 562387-562480 Sentence denotes And in the hypoalbuminemia patient, we use fomula to adjust total voriconazole concertration.
T7772 562481-562572 Sentence denotes So the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring is important for patient avoiding the toxicity in liver.
T88673 562573-562701 Sentence denotes In this study, we intended to establish a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for clinical diagnostic purpose.
T54561 562702-562710 Sentence denotes Methods:
T90028 562711-562876 Sentence denotes By using multiple reaction mornitoring (MRM) of tandem mass analysis, the mass-to-charge (m/z) of the precursor and the product ions of voriconazole was 350.3/172.4.
T83314 562877-562981 Sentence denotes The internal standard, a ketocozole, was used for the calibration and basis of quantitative measurement.
T55035 562982-563019 Sentence denotes The m/z of ketocozole was 531.1/82.1.
T66045 563020-563139 Sentence denotes We also use High-throughput equilibrium dialysis method to quantitative analysis of unbound voriconazole concertration.
T66998 563140-563148 Sentence denotes Results:
T62215 563149-563276 Sentence denotes According to the preliminary results, the within-run and between-run precisions of the method were 6.2% and 9.9%, respectively.
T31979 563277-563324 Sentence denotes The recovery of this tandem mass assay was 80%.
T77559 563325-563336 Sentence denotes Background:
T64385 563337-563403 Sentence denotes Immunodeficiency is a known risk factor of cerebral toxoplasmosis.
T19647 563404-563467 Sentence denotes Causes of immunodeficiency include usage of immunosuppressants.
T59421 563468-563476 Sentence denotes Methods:
T59262 563477-563673 Sentence denotes A 72-year-old man who had right kidney transplantation with prednisolone, tacrolimus and cellcept treatment, was brought to another hospital with ataxia and urinary incontinence for about 3 weeks.
T9229 563674-563812 Sentence denotes Brain computed tomography scan was arranged at that hospital and the family was told that the patient might have cerebrovascular accident.
T88517 563813-563865 Sentence denotes He was then transferred to Tzu Chi General Hospital.
T73157 563866-564004 Sentence denotes On physical examination, body temperature was 36°C, pulse rate was 78/min, respiratory rate was 20/min and blood pressure was 112/86 mmHg.
T46553 564005-564068 Sentence denotes Laboratory testing revealed leukocytosis and normocytic anemia.
T95709 564069-564239 Sentence denotes Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed at least four lobulated nodular lesions over both frontal and right temporal lobes with marked perifocal edema and rimenhancement.
T40495 564240-564297 Sentence denotes After admission, stereotactic brain biopsy was performed.
T17470 564298-564306 Sentence denotes Results:
T22545 564307-564439 Sentence denotes The pathological results of the brain biopsy showed necrosis of brain tissue with a few neutrophils, macrophages and nuclear debris.
T69711 564440-564516 Sentence denotes The biopsy tissue showed negative for bacterial culture and acid-fast stain.
T32815 564517-564585 Sentence denotes Tuberculosis and fungal culture of the biopsy tissue were also done.
T13240 564586-564784 Sentence denotes After discussion with the infectious diseases doctor, toxoplasmosis, nocardiosis or other fungal infections were suspected because of long term immunosuppressive for previous kidney transplantation.
T87047 564785-564855 Sentence denotes Paired Toxoplasma immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G were negative.
T45506 564856-564942 Sentence denotes The brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed enlargement of the right frontal lesion.
T52465 564943-565120 Sentence denotes The whole body positron emission tomography showed multiple brain lesions, mainly right cerebrum with mass effect and a tiny nodule in the posterior segment of right upper lung.
T67179 565121-565211 Sentence denotes Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim treatment was initiated for possible cerebral toxoplasmosis.
T65706 565212-565299 Sentence denotes Then, the patient had hyperkalemia and was transferred to surgical intensive care unit.
T84762 565300-565369 Sentence denotes Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim treatment was immediately discontinued.
T63082 565370-565465 Sentence denotes The patient had craniotomy with removal of the tumor, and had hemodialysis after the operation.
T80964 565466-565537 Sentence denotes However, the patient had septic shock, and his condition went downhill.
T44264 565538-565613 Sentence denotes He was discharged due to terminal status 4 days later (on hospital day 22).
T69600 565614-565666 Sentence denotes Tachyzoites were found in the necrotic brain tissue.
T68695 565667-565836 Sentence denotes Special stain including periodic acid-Schiff stain, Grocott's methenamine silver stain and Toxoplasma immunohistochemistry staining confirmed toxoplasmosis ( Figure 1 ).
T86760 565837-565848 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T84769 565849-566014 Sentence denotes Long term immunosuppressants after kidney transplantation led to immunodeficiency in our patient, which became the risk factor of the infection of Toxoplasma gondii.
T83135 566015-566190 Sentence denotes Negative results of Toxoplasma immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G levels could not exclude the diagnosis of Toxoplasma infection, which were correlated with previous study.
T79368 566191-566404 Sentence denotes Mycobacterium celatum pulmonary infection in a patient of AIDS with cryptococcosis and multiple STD's Lih-shinn Wang 1 , Tzu-yu Tsai 4 , Jen-jyh Lee 2 , Teng-Yi Lin 3 , Huei-jen Chao 3 , Chia-ching Jackie Wang 5 .
T77452 566405-566413 Sentence denotes Results:
T26621 566414-566463 Sentence denotes This is a 41 years old man with diagnosis of HIV.
T1065 566464-566556 Sentence denotes He was admitted the hospital due to bilateral pneumonia with septic shock on August 6, 2016.
T76045 566557-566716 Sentence denotes With inotropic agent used, unstable oxygenation and rapid acute respiratory distress syndrome, he received endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation.
T31960 566717-566875 Sentence denotes Laborartoy data revealed a HIV viral load test of 302,695 copies/mL; CD4+, 5%; CD8+, 61%; CD4+/CD8+ ratio, 0.09; and a Mycoplasma pneumoniae Ab titer of 1:80.
T49838 566876-567066 Sentence denotes Chest X-ray showed ill-definded ground-glass opacities in bilateral lung fields, predominantly in central lung zone and upper lobes, PJ-associated pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) was condiered.
T82859 567067-567197 Sentence denotes After admission, antibiotic therapy was used, including piperacillin/tazobactam and levofloxacin for possible bacterial pneumonia.
T94875 567198-567237 Sentence denotes TMP/SMZ was initiated for probable PCP.
T42310 567238-567356 Sentence denotes As intensive care was continued, the thrombocytopenia around 11∼19 × 10 3 /uL persisted, even pneumonia seemed better.
T12206 567357-567406 Sentence denotes Piperacillin/tazobactam was changed to cefpirome.
T17884 567407-567460 Sentence denotes However, persistent thrombocytopenia was still noted.
T99073 567461-567514 Sentence denotes We checked his blood CMV-PCR and result was positive.
T6525 567515-567629 Sentence denotes Sputum CMV-PCR was also positive and a CMV viral load was 1,216 IU/mL, so ganciclovir was added for CMV infection.
T15207 567630-567704 Sentence denotes After that treatment, the thrombocytopenia was improved to 76∼97 × 103/uL.
T2171 567705-567796 Sentence denotes Solumedrol was tapered to solucortef and then oral prednisolone by standard dosing regimen.
T63546 567797-567853 Sentence denotes Extubation was performed on August 25, and recover well.
T33660 567854-567943 Sentence denotes Antibiotic therapy was shifted to oral forms of levofloxacin, TMP/SMZ and valganciclovir.
T83533 567944-567996 Sentence denotes He was discharged uneventfully on September 3, 2016.
T23584 567997-568114 Sentence denotes Conclusion: PCP remains the most common disorder at the onset of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a HIV patient.
T10166 568115-568182 Sentence denotes Coinfection with CMV is a poor prognostic sign in a setting of PCP.
T29520 568183-568280 Sentence denotes CMV-related organ disease should be suspected in patients with CD4+ cell number lower than 50/μL.
T95325 568281-568454 Sentence denotes After suscessful antipneumocystis treatment with steroid therapy, our patient still presented with severe thrombocytopenia, which led to secondary diagnosis of CMV syndrome.
T19172 568455-568652 Sentence denotes Other cases may experience worsening pulmonary infection due to CMV pneumonitis by the use of steroids, which therapy should be careful in the patients with a high HIV viral load and low CD4 count.
T27534 568653-568717 Sentence denotes However, tachypnea and fever were noted on post-operative day 4.
T71944 568718-568777 Sentence denotes Additionally, AST/ALT, TBI/DBL were all elevated two folds.
T26377 568778-568856 Sentence denotes He was reintubated and Imipenem was administrated as empiric antibiotic agent.
T4894 568857-568932 Sentence denotes A day later, seizure attacked twice; and Imipenem was shifted to Meropenem.
T49610 568933-568967 Sentence denotes The following lab exam showed DIC.
T94755 568968-569059 Sentence denotes CT scan revealed portal vein thrombosis occuping 50% of lumen and massive pleural effusion.
T21212 569060-569105 Sentence denotes Sputum and blood culture sample grew candida.
T77374 569106-569165 Sentence denotes The initial impression was hepatic failure and candidiasis.
T368 569166-569232 Sentence denotes The patient expired two weeks later due to multiple organ failure.
T62071 569233-569311 Sentence denotes At autopsy, liver showed central cholestasis and bile canalicular cholestasis.
T66121 569312-569490 Sentence denotes In the liver specimen token via surgery, there were hepatocellular carcinoma and portal area inflammation without the cholestasis, which indicates post hepatectomy liver failure.
T68615 569491-569664 Sentence denotes Leptospirosis was confirmed in the samples of liver, kidney, bone marrow, lung, brain and soft tissue based on strongly postive Warthin Starry stain and Leptospira antibody.
T91701 569665-569676 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T90088 569677-569789 Sentence denotes This case demonstrates leptospiriosis may progressed to Weil's disease and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
T5465 569790-569929 Sentence denotes According to previous publications, the incidence of leptospirosis with CNS involvement is around 10%, mostly diagnosed by lumbar puncture.
T62602 569930-569965 Sentence denotes Early diagnosis may be challenging.
T31564 569966-570035 Sentence denotes In this case, CNS symptoms may be confused with drug-induced seizure.
T79756 570036-570141 Sentence denotes Weil's disease is a severe form of leptospirosis characterized by jaundice, hemorrhage and renal failure.
T19246 570142-570275 Sentence denotes There is cholestasis with leptospires invading the intercellular junctions of hepatocytes in this patient and the diagnosis is solid.
T35519 570276-570429 Sentence denotes As a conclusion, in patients with multiple organ failure after major operation, Weil's disease and ADEM should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
T3662 570430-570686 Sentence denotes Co-infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous Mycobacterium: difficulty in diagnosis and treatment Lih-shinn Wang 1,2 , Chia-ching Jackie Wang 8 , Xin-yi Zheng 3 , Jen-jyh Lee 1,3 , Teng-Yi Lin 4 , Yung-hsiang Hsu 1,5 , Cheng-lung Ku 6,7 .
T40918 570687-570698 Sentence denotes Background:
T46458 570699-570812 Sentence denotes Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies massiliense is one of the three subspecies of the M. abscessus complex (MABC).
T73120 570813-570931 Sentence denotes It is the most important cause of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections by rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM).
T80586 570932-571029 Sentence denotes MABC is considered highly drug-resistant; it is extremely difficult to treat and often incurable.
T94583 571030-571141 Sentence denotes Prosthetic joint infection due to M. abscessus subsp. massiliense is rare, and optimal therapy remains unknown.
T21425 571142-571150 Sentence denotes Methods:
T56301 571151-571332 Sentence denotes A 48-year-old male with history of gout and prolonged corticosteroid treatment presented with left hip pain with instability and limited range of motion for one month in Sep., 2014.
T64224 571333-571521 Sentence denotes Hip X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan at another hospital revealed findings consistent with avascular necrosis of the left femoral head, and he underwent left total hip arthroplasty.
T50802 571522-571591 Sentence denotes He required reduction for subluxation of the prosthesis the next day.
T94337 571592-571703 Sentence denotes He was admitted again two weeks later for an open revisión to repair a recurrent subluxation of the prosthesis.
T27187 571704-571833 Sentence denotes Within one month of the first surgery, he underwent a third surgery (trochanter advancement osteotomy) for prothesis dislocation.
T12052 571834-571917 Sentence denotes One year later the patient had a one month history of bulging cyst at the left hip.
T99578 571918-572019 Sentence denotes The left hip cyst was felt to be a hematoma, but NTM was isolated from the culture of the cyst fluid.
T41402 572020-572109 Sentence denotes The isolate grew in subculture within 6 days of inoculation, and was considered as a RGM.
T28056 572110-572233 Sentence denotes Anti-NTM treatment was started empirically with azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and doxycycline.
T36002 572234-572242 Sentence denotes Results:
T19128 572243-572363 Sentence denotes The isolate was later identified as M. abscessus subsp. massiliense, susceptible only to clarithromycin and tigecycline.
T90423 572364-572411 Sentence denotes Anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies were negative.
T44496 572412-572531 Sentence denotes The patient stopped anti-NTM treatment by himself after a one-month therapy, and was discharged against medical advice.
T81186 572532-572644 Sentence denotes The patient experienced recurrent pain of the left hip a few months later, and developed a draining sinus tract.
T61102 572645-572686 Sentence denotes Pus grew M. abscessus subsp. massiliense.
T89819 572687-572825 Sentence denotes After removal of the prosthesis, anti-NTM treatment was re-started with intravenous tigecycline, clarithromycin, clofazimine and amikacin.
T10068 572826-572958 Sentence denotes The patient again stopped anti-NTM therapy due to nausea, malaise, anorexia, weight loss, acute kidney injury and liver dysfunction.
T50790 572959-573024 Sentence denotes Symptoms improved after discontinuing clofazimine and tigecyline.
T79602 573025-573103 Sentence denotes The same symptoms appeared after rechallenge with clofazimine and tigecycline.
T97311 573104-573188 Sentence denotes Finally, the patient was placed on oral suppressive anti-NTM treatment with Results:
T26177 573189-573317 Sentence denotes Serotype Ia was the most common in patients less than 72 hours old, whereas III the most common in patients older than 72 hours.
T43152 573318-573423 Sentence denotes In early-onset disease (0-6 days), Ia and III each caused 27.5% of the infection, followed by Ib (14.5%).
T3844 573424-573531 Sentence denotes In late-onset disease (7-89 days), serotype III predominated (75.3%), followed by Ia (10.1%) and Ib (6.8%).
T85807 573532-573609 Sentence denotes Thirty-one episodes (17%) were complicated with culture-confirmed meningitis.
T70598 573610-573817 Sentence denotes We compared serotype Ia and III patients, and found that serotype Ia patients were significantly younger (median age, 3 days), had higher male percentage, more perinatal maternal fever, and higher mortality.
T51924 573818-573943 Sentence denotes The survival curve of patients with serotype III infections was significantly better than those with non-type III infections.
T5382 573944-574050 Sentence denotes ST17 and ST19 were exclusively found in serotype III, while ST23 and ST24 comprised of 85% of serotype Ia.
T25536 574051-574062 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T94567 574063-574161 Sentence denotes Serotype Ia caused invasive infections in younger infants with higher mortality than serotype III.
T13619 574162-574311 Sentence denotes A trivalent (Ia, Ib, III) GBS vaccine might prevent 69.6% of early-onset disease, 92.2% of late-onset disease, and 91.3% of GBS meningitis in Taiwan.
T83701 574312-574449 Sentence denotes Sphenoid sinusitis complicated with cavernous sinus thrombosis Yun-Hu Wang 1,2 , Po-Yen Chen 1,2 , Pei-Ju Ting 1 , Fang-Liang Huang 1,3 .
T41259 574450-574624 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, 2 Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 3 Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
T82895 574625-574636 Sentence denotes Background:
T76782 574637-574746 Sentence denotes Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare infective disease and it was associated with high mortality rates.
T90015 574747-574830 Sentence denotes CST can result from infection of any of the tissues drained by the cavernous sinus.
T74847 574831-574959 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to review rare case of CST secondary to sphenoid sinusitis, which is under-researched in children.
T43267 574960-574968 Sentence denotes Methods:
T70285 574969-575124 Sentence denotes We reported a 12-year-old girl who was diagnosed with cavernous sinus thrombosis and sphenoid sinusitis presenting with fever and nuchal pain for one week.
T38430 575125-575219 Sentence denotes We also reviewed the literature of cavernous sinus thrombosis secondary to sphenoid sinusitis.
T62317 575220-575363 Sentence denotes The clinical manifestations, laboratory data, imaging findings, pathogens, medications, surgical treatment and clinical outcomes were analyzed.
T23960 575364-575372 Sentence denotes Results:
T3875 575373-575439 Sentence denotes All eight cases (100%) had headache, five cases (62.5%) had fever.
T31947 575440-575486 Sentence denotes All cases had one or more ophthalmic symptoms.
T87183 575487-575608 Sentence denotes Four cases (50%) of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings had revealed isolated sphenoid sinusitis.
T93630 575609-575817 Sentence denotes Three cases had evidence of Streptococcus infection from blood culture; two cases had Staphylococcus aureus from blood and sinus cultures; seven cases had surgical intervention followed by antibiotic therapy.
T15465 575818-575940 Sentence denotes All cases had received antibiotic therapy, and 5 of 8 (62.5%) were administered intravenous ceftriaxone and metronidazole.
T85434 575941-576014 Sentence denotes Six cases had received intravenous and oral form anticoagulation therapy.
T43244 576015-576056 Sentence denotes Only a case had corticosteroid treatment.
T55523 576057-576124 Sentence denotes Most cases had good prognosis except for three cases had morbidity.
T94525 576125-576234 Sentence denotes The management of CST should the use of intravenous antibiotic therapy combined with endonasal sinus surgery.
T74131 576235-576310 Sentence denotes The early use of anticoagulation can reduce morbidity and mortality in CST.
T90352 576311-576366 Sentence denotes Corticosteroid treatments for CST remain controversial.
T65131 576367-576378 Sentence denotes Background:
T5505 576379-576505 Sentence denotes Acute febrile illness (AFI) is a very common syndrome and also represents the most frequent admission diagnose in our service.
T95089 576506-576685 Sentence denotes Even though this syndrome has always been conventionally included as a major indicator of an infectious disease, sometimes it takes big effort to estabilish an etiologic diagnose.
T21051 576686-577020 Sentence denotes Therefore, many patients with AFI are empirically diagnosed, according to clinical manifestations and certain epidemiological (like sessonal strokes, proffesional exposure, traveling.) No wonder why clinicians are always focused on clinical-epidemiologicalbinom, considering the dynamic changes of infectious nosologies in Global Era.
T88787 577021-577029 Sentence denotes Methods:
T63540 577030-577110 Sentence denotes 1455 patients hospitalized to the Infectious Disesase Hospital during 2007-2015.
T47936 577111-577711 Sentence denotes All patients had the same inclusion patterns and also astandardized clinicaland laboratory evaluation of all patients who met the following case criteria: (1) >14 years of age and admitted to the participating institution; (2) history of fever for at least two days; (3) temperature at admission >38°C (oral or rectal); (4) no identified cause of fever ( physicians were instructed to exclude other causes of fever such as diarrhea, hepatitis, cough and/or symptoms of respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, cellulitis, rheumatic fever, abscess, and/or any other known cause of fever).
T70988 577712-577853 Sentence denotes Admitted patients with AFI provided anamnestic data, epidemiological details and a blood sample for bacterial culture and serologic analysis.
T51216 577854-578075 Sentence denotes Risk factors included animal contact and consumption of raw dairy products, which were significantly associated with brucellosis, exposure to vectors in endemic areas,professional exposure and travels outside the country.
T71692 578076-578084 Sentence denotes Results:
T55940 578085-578135 Sentence denotes Case definitions were based on laboratory results.
T92913 578136-578497 Sentence denotes On 1455 patients evaluated between 2007 and 2015, 41% were positive for Brucella, 5% had positive hemocultures for Bacterial Endocarditis (with predominance of staphyloccouccus aureus), 16% for Riketcia and other tick borne pathogens, 3% for Hemorrhagic fever, 10 for Infectious Mononucleosis, 3% for Malaria, 8.3% for Leishmaniasis and 12.5% for Leptospirosis.
T52821 578498-578509 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T86999 578510-578616 Sentence denotes Our survey identified several important pathogens; each one of them with an important specific percentage.
T325 578617-578872 Sentence denotes The correlation of these pathogens to the specific clinical manifestation and epidemiological data allowed a better recognition of these infectious nosologies features in our country, and may also lead to the development of targeted prevention strategies.
T46993 578873-578884 Sentence denotes Background:
T68336 578885-579039 Sentence denotes Acinetobacter baumannii is an important pathogen of nosocomial bloodstream infection and pneumonia, which accounts for high morbidity and mortality rates.
TextSentencer_T458 579040-579149 Sentence denotes However, studies regaring the optimal treatment for Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremic pneumonia are limited.
TextSentencer_T459 579150-579158 Sentence denotes Methods:
TextSentencer_T460 579159-579371 Sentence denotes We conducted this retrospective study from January 2012 to December 2015 at 4 medical centres in Taiwan to compare the efficacy of colistin-based and sulbactam-based therapy for A. baumannii bacteremic pneumonia.
TextSentencer_T461 579372-579437 Sentence denotes The clinical features and outcomes of patients were investigated.
TextSentencer_T462 579438-579446 Sentence denotes Results:
TextSentencer_T463 579447-579545 Sentence denotes During the study periods, 71 patients received either colistin-based or sulbactam-based treatment.
TextSentencer_T464 579546-579646 Sentence denotes Among them, 2 patients who received concomitant treatment with colistin and sulbactam were excluded.
TextSentencer_T465 579647-579780 Sentence denotes Twenty-five patients who received colistin-based therapy and 44 who received sulbactam-based therapy were included in final analysis.
TextSentencer_T466 579781-579925 Sentence denotes There was no difference of baseline characteristics, 14-day mortality, 28-day mortality, and overall in-hospital mortality between the 2 groups.
TextSentencer_T467 579926-580139 Sentence denotes Those with ventilator-associated pneumonia were more likely to receive colistin-based treatment rather than sulbactam-base treatment (odds ratio [OR], 7.935; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.157-29.187; p = 0.002).
TextSentencer_T468 580140-580392 Sentence denotes The only risk factor independentlyassociated with higher 14-day and 28-day mortality of A. baumannii bacteremic pneumonia is a higher APACHE II score (OR, 1.105; 95% CI, 1.024-1.192; p = 0.01 and OR, 1.127; 95% CI, 1.044-1.217; p = 0.02, respectively).
TextSentencer_T469 580393-580560 Sentence denotes Our results concluded that patients with A. baumannii bacteremic pneumonia treated with either colistin-based or sulbactam-based therapy had similar clinical outcomes.
TextSentencer_T470 580561-580678 Sentence denotes More severe diseases (higher APACHE II scores) were independently associated with higher 14-day and 28-day mortality.
TextSentencer_T471 580679-580843 Sentence denotes Further largescale prospective studies are needed to investigate the clinical efficacy of these two regimens for the treatment of A. baumannii bacteremic pneumonia.
T88729 580844-581043 Sentence denotes Comparison of culture-negative and culture-positive necrotizing fasciitis: clinical characteristics and outcomes of treatment Tsung-Yu Huang 1,2 , Yao-Hung Tsai 3 , Ching-Yu Lee 3 , Wei-Hsiu Hsu 3 *.
T18235 581044-581055 Sentence denotes Background:
T78529 581056-581122 Sentence denotes Necrotizing fasciitis was rapidly progressive and lifethreatening.
T45755 581123-581202 Sentence denotes Surgical intervention and broad-spectrum antibiotics usage were very important.
T42313 581203-581275 Sentence denotes But no bacterial was proven in some patients with necrotizing fasciitis.
T61135 581276-581480 Sentence denotes This study was undertaken to ascertain whether the clinical presentation and outcome for patients with this disease differ for those infected with culturenegative as compared to culture-positive pathogen.
T81554 581481-581489 Sentence denotes Methods:
T31892 581490-581610 Sentence denotes One-hundred and forty-three patients with necrotizing fasciitis were examined prospectively from April 2015 to May 2017.
T48905 581611-581734 Sentence denotes All patients received prompt radical debridement, adequate broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, and aggressive resuscitation.
T17619 581735-581870 Sentence denotes Thirty-eight patients were infected with culture-negative pathogen (Group 1) and 105 patients with culture-positive pathogen (Group 2).
T30355 581871-581879 Sentence denotes Results:
T44602 581880-581910 Sentence denotes Group 2 was male predominated.
T81550 581911-582186 Sentence denotes Group 1 was characterized by a lower incidence of tachypnea and local pain/tenderness, lower Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score, a lower rate of bandemia, bacteremia, lactate acidosis, hypoalbuminemia and a lower prevalence of alcoholism plus diabetes mellitus.
T20713 582187-582344 Sentence denotes A higher rate of acute respiratory failure, acute renal failure and higher admission rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission were more common in Group 2.
T97545 582345-582395 Sentence denotes In a multivariate analysis, male (odds ratio (OR):
T28061 582396-582432 Sentence denotes 0.443, 95% confidence interval (CI):
T76851 582433-582473 Sentence denotes 0.199-0.986), local pain/tenderness (OR:
T49315 582474-582488 Sentence denotes 0.144, 95% CI:
T13478 582489-582520 Sentence denotes 0.029-0.722) and tachypnea (OR:
T36422 582521-582535 Sentence denotes 0.275, 95% CI:
T29829 582536-582608 Sentence denotes 0.092-0.824) were identified as infected with culture-positive pathogen.
T53044 582609-582620 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T89496 582621-582736 Sentence denotes Culture-positive necrotizing fasciitis mostly presented with local pain/tenderness, tachypnea, and men predominate.
T4492 582737-582836 Sentence denotes There were no difference about mortality rates, limbs amputation rate, hospital stay, and ICU stay.
T86092 582837-582932 Sentence denotes We still need more data to confirm those above findings in our hospital. cirrhosis or diabetes.
T26875 582933-583026 Sentence denotes However, it is a rare cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic patients.
T90372 583027-583035 Sentence denotes Methods:
T43677 583036-583170 Sentence denotes A 46-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class C) and type 2 diabetes mellitus developed abdominal pain and fever.
T95058 583171-583220 Sentence denotes His abdomen was distended with shifting dullness.
T76990 583221-583317 Sentence denotes Laboratory examination showed a white blood cell (WBC) count of 8500/µL with 86.50% neutrophils.
T88139 583318-583394 Sentence denotes Paracentesis of ascites revealed a WBC count of 743/μL with 79% neutrophils.
T11281 583395-583585 Sentence denotes Based on the patient's history, physical examination and the results of paracentesis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was suggested and blood cultures were positive for Campylobacter coli.
T4673 583586-583674 Sentence denotes Intravenous Ciprofloxacin was administered and the patient was recovery after treatment.
T59869 583675-583720 Sentence denotes Results: SBP caused by Campylobacter is rare.
T50062 583721-583812 Sentence denotes The first case report of SBP caused by Campylobacter was presented by Targan et al in 1976.
T63311 583813-583873 Sentence denotes Since then, five cases have been reported in the literature.
T89877 583874-583969 Sentence denotes Three of the five patients were associated with peritonitis and bacteremia as the present case.
T45063 583970-584133 Sentence denotes Main underlying conditions are related to liver disease (34%), including alcohol abuse (27%), cirrhosis (20%), cancer (33%), diabetes (21%) and chemotherapy (19%).
T88914 584134-584257 Sentence denotes In the present case, the patient was at a high risk for Campylobacter infection as he had severe alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
T52106 584258-584302 Sentence denotes We reported a case of SBP caused by C. coli.
T99947 584303-584404 Sentence denotes Campylobacter-related SBP mainly occurs in patients with severe underlying alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
T84676 584405-584552 Sentence denotes Mimic fungal ball in urinary bladder caused by tissue invasive C. glabrata, complicated with acute obstructive uropathy Lin-Fang Chen, Fu-Lun Chen.
T62169 584553-584685 Sentence denotes Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
T72392 584686-584930 Sentence denotes A 68-year-old female patient had underlying asthma and type 2 diabetes mellitus for decades and 3 months history of C-spine injury with central cord syndrome consequence left hemiparesis, neurogenic bladder status post Foley catheter insertion.
T13648 584931-585143 Sentence denotes She had an episode of urinary tract infection by extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) -E. coli and K. pneumoniae, suspected bilateral chronic nephritis with peri-renal effusion found by the computed tomography.
T35197 585144-585207 Sentence denotes She was admitted for sepsis, recurrent urinary tract infection.
T80919 585208-585530 Sentence denotes However, after 6 days of antibiotic therapy with Doripenem (500 mg every 8 hours) as an empirical therapy for ESBL-E. coli and target therapy for P. aeruginosa. she had light yellow turbid urine with lots of necrotic debris, low-grade fever, increased dose of insulin to control hyperglycemia, and aggravated leukocytosis.
T33212 585531-585571 Sentence denotes Foley urine culture yielded C. glabrata.
T85389 585572-585721 Sentence denotes After high dose Fluconazole (6 mg/kg/day), Foley catheter obstruction developed, partially relieved by manual irrigation and Foley catheter revision.
T55707 585722-585957 Sentence denotes Amphotericin B continuous irrigation (50 mg every day) via 3-way Foley catheter was applied as salvage therapy, but the frequency of Foley catheter obstruction caused by necrotic debris progressed from every day to every several hours.
T37779 585958-586063 Sentence denotes She had acute obstructive uropathy, complicated by retrograde vancomycin resistant E. faecium septicemia.
T68476 586064-586191 Sentence denotes After Daptomycin (10 mg/kg/day) therapy, vancomycin resistant E.faecium septicemia was resolved without infective endocarditis.
T20388 586192-586349 Sentence denotes Amphotericin B continuous irrigation was replaced by systemic fluconazole (4 mg/kg/day) combined with flucytosine (40 mg/kg/day, divided in 4 doses) therapy.
T57861 586350-586561 Sentence denotes Urologist performed urethro-bladder cystoscopic irrigation and found a large area of thickening necrotic tissue coating over anterior and rightposterior urinary bladder wall, mimic lots of separated fungal ball.
T74213 586562-586693 Sentence denotes Transurethral resection of bladder debritic tissue found yeast form fungus with budding phenomenon without hyphae and pseudohyphae.
T95112 586694-586780 Sentence denotes The tissue culture proved mixed invasive C. glabrata and ESBL-K. pneumoniae infection.
T33712 586781-586913 Sentence denotes After extensively surgical cauterization, she had no more Foley catheter obstruction, and there was no more necrotic debris grossly.
T15182 586914-587040 Sentence denotes There were rare case reports talking about candida fungal ball in urinary bladder with severe complication, mainly candidemia.
T41270 587041-587176 Sentence denotes This is the first case in our acknowledge discussed about invasive urinary bladder C.glabrata mixed infection with severe complication.
T99419 587177-587294 Sentence denotes There should be some aggressive invasive procedure performed to treat selected C. glabrata urinary bladder infection.
T59932 587295-587438 Sentence denotes Role of doxycycline in a mouse model of Clostridium difficile infection Chun-Wei Chiu 1 *, Yuan-Pin Hung 1 , Pei-Jane Tsai 2 , Wen-Chien Ko 3 .
T78445 587439-587450 Sentence denotes Background:
T82930 587451-587551 Sentence denotes Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
T80272 587552-587723 Sentence denotes Metronidazole and vancomycin are therapeutic choices for CDI but their use was associated with colonization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and a high recurrence rate.
T84010 587724-587876 Sentence denotes Doxycycline shows promising in vitro antibactieral activity against clinical C. difficile isolates and can achieve a high concentration in bowel tissue.
T22172 587877-587943 Sentence denotes However, the efficacy of doxycycline in treating CDI is not clear.
T3975 587944-587952 Sentence denotes Methods:
T69222 587953-588119 Sentence denotes Clinical C. difficile isolates from the Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare were tested for the susceptibility of doxycycline by the agar dilution method.
T53617 588120-588365 Sentence denotes To evaluate whether doxycycline will faciliate the proliferation of C. difficile in intestines, the ex vivo assay was performed for the growth of C. difficile by coculturing with cecum content from the mice after oral doxycycline administration.
T12765 588366-588464 Sentence denotes Therapeutic effect of doxycycline therapy for CDI was examined in the established CDI mouse model.
T6472 588465-588473 Sentence denotes Results:
T95289 588474-588584 Sentence denotes Of 192 clinical C. difficile isoaltes, the MIC 50 of doxycycline against clinical C. difficile was 0.25 μg/mL.
T72833 588585-588780 Sentence denotes The growth of C. difficile by co-culturing with cecum content showed a decrease in mice after doxycycline administration, than that in the mice after clindamycin use (clindamycin vs. doxycycline:
T56458 588781-588856 Sentence denotes 5.04 × 10 7 ±4.33 × 10 7 CFU/mL vs. 2.49 ± 2.28 × 10 3 CFU/mL; P = 0.0003).
T77199 588857-589159 Sentence denotes Meanwhile mice orally challenged by C. difficle after doxycycline administration excreted less C. difficile in faces (0.67 × 10 5 ±0.54 × 10 5 CFU/mL vs. 4.33 × 10 5 ±1.16 × 10 5 CFU/mL; P = 0.029) and less body weight loss (0.52 ± 1.13 kg vs. 1.89 ± 1.19 kg; P = 0.01) than mice after clindamycin use.
T35038 589160-589283 Sentence denotes Mice treated by doxycycline showed less body weight loss than control mice (1.11 ± 0.56 kg vs. 2.87 ± 0.98 kg; P < 0.0001).
T44316 589284-589452 Sentence denotes Besides, doxycycline therapy showed non-inferior to metronidazole or vancomycin therapy, according to body weight loss in mice with CDAD (doxycycline vs. metronidazole:
T31667 589453-589686 Sentence denotes 1.11 ± 0.56 kg vs. Hospital Center "Mother Theresa", Service of Infectious Diseases, 3 University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa", Service of Reanimation and Anesthesia, 4 University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa", SID Background:
T7770 589687-589826 Sentence denotes Although Tetanus is currently a relatively rare infectious disease it remains a high mortality disease (20-30%) with high management costs.
T14131 589827-589969 Sentence denotes The reason for that are the severe forms and complications, which require the application of therapeutic protocols in the intensive care unit.
T82037 589970-590099 Sentence denotes The study of these protocols is important for analyzing not only the patient prognosis but also the treatment cost effectiveness.
T94442 590100-590108 Sentence denotes Methods:
T53066 590109-590523 Sentence denotes Collection of cases and grouping them by gender, age and therapeutic protocols; Group classification according to the therapeutic protocol, adapted to the gravity of cases (mild, moderate, severe, very severe); The used method consisted in 53 cases, of group age between 14 and 85, with generalized tetanus, hospitalized in the reanimation of the infectious diseases hospital, during the period 1985 -January 2015.
T88559 590524-590532 Sentence denotes Results:
T65470 590533-590545 Sentence denotes Data by sex:
T79907 590546-590642 Sentence denotes 32 males, 16 females; age groups: prevalent age group 46-55; According to therapeutic protocols:
T87980 590643-590929 Sentence denotes First group: patients who underwent paralysis with curare and artificial ventilation 39 cases, second group: patients undergoing tracheostomy 4; Third group: patients using sedation alone (diazepam and/ or opiate) 7; Fourth group: deep sedation, anesthesia, adrenergic blockade 2 cases.
T69092 590930-590944 Sentence denotes Death 5 cases.
T54586 590945-591240 Sentence denotes Causes of death are mainly due to paralysis and artificial ventilation complications, which apply to severe forms such as severe brain damage as a consequence / side effect of treatment, cerebral thrombosis 1 case, pneumothorax 1 case, staphylococcal pneumonia 1 case, pulmonary embolism 1 case.
T16161 591241-591415 Sentence denotes The complications of sedative procedures, of deep sedation and of endotracheal intubation is bradycardia and cardiac arrest, 2 case, because of hypoxia and vagal stimulation.
T64627 591416-591477 Sentence denotes The duration of paralysis was 24 days, between 5 and 52 days.
T16594 591478-591588 Sentence denotes In lighter forms, the period under mechanical ventilation was shorter, while in the severe form it was longer.
T241 591589-591600 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T62334 591601-591665 Sentence denotes Overall tetanus mortality in adults resulted in 9.43%. of cases.
T53851 591666-591839 Sentence denotes Deaths were caused by cerebral thrombosis 1 case; spontaneous Pneumothorax 1 case; staphylococcal pneumonia 1 case; Pulmonary thromboembolism 1 case; Cardiac arrest 2 cases.
T7841 591840-591990 Sentence denotes Application of MALDI-TOF MS in clinical diagnostic anaerobes from blood cultures Shin-Wei Wang 1 , Pei-Fang Tsai 1 , Ya Hui Liu 2 , Pei-Jane Tsai 2 *.
T19872 591991-592002 Sentence denotes Background:
T21850 592003-592191 Sentence denotes Information regarding the use of MALDI-TOF MS as an alternative to conventional laboratory methods for the rapid and reliable identification of anaerobe in blood isolates is still limited.
T20239 592192-592311 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to assess the performance of MALDI-TOF MS in identification of anaerobes from blood cultures.
T45743 592312-592320 Sentence denotes Methods:
T1680 592321-592466 Sentence denotes Retrospective, a surveillance study from July 2013 to March 2014 was conducted at the National Cheng Kung University Hospital in southern Taiwan.
T21105 592467-592561 Sentence denotes Identification results by MALDI-TOF MS were compared to those obtained by 16S rRNA sequencing.
T8994 592562-592570 Sentence denotes Results:
T98550 592571-592750 Sentence denotes In this study, MALDI-TOF MS was evaluated on 122 anaerobic isolates previously identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and with biochemical tests (Rapid ID 32A system, BioMérieux).
T63966 592751-592801 Sentence denotes In total, 12 genus and 25 species were identified.
T53174 592802-592857 Sentence denotes All strains were confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
T34320 592858-593044 Sentence denotes Among these, 90.9% of the isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS (BioMérieux) at the species level vs 92% using the Rapid ID 32A system, with an agreement of 77.8% between the methods.
T51447 593045-593211 Sentence denotes The 16S rRNA gene sequencing of isolates with discrepant results showed that MALDI-TOF and API ® correctly identified 86.1% and 78.7% of these isolates, respectively.
T88608 593212-593372 Sentence denotes This discrepancy in MALDI-TOF MS probably mainly among the non-fragilis Bacteroides spp. and GPAC, and only 11 of them could not be identified using the method.
T61390 593373-593520 Sentence denotes The results show that MALDI-TOF MS is a robust and reliable tool for the identification of anaerobic blood isolates in the microbiology laboratory.
T27723 593521-593725 Sentence denotes The extensive development of a database, not only frequently isolated anaerobic species, but also newly recognized and taxonomically rearranged genera and species, should be well continuously established.
T40556 593726-593862 Sentence denotes This technique really reduce the turnaround time for a final identification and the number of isolates that require 16S rRNA sequencing.
T20703 593863-593927 Sentence denotes Wei-Han Huang 1 , Ming-Huei Gu 1 , Siao-Ru Lin 1 , Chia-ching J.
T94331 593928-593956 Sentence denotes Wang 2 , Lih-shinn Wang 3 *.
T21698 593957-593968 Sentence denotes Background:
T32129 593969-594104 Sentence denotes Myeloma patients may present clinical signs such as hypercalcemia, anemia, renal dysfunction and bone disability when inital diagnosis.
T77621 594105-594222 Sentence denotes However, infection is still a significant cause of morbidity and the leading cause of death in patients with myeloma.
T48545 594223-594391 Sentence denotes The increased susceptibility of patients with myeloma to infection not only results from the antineoplastic therapies but also age-and disease related immunodeficiency.
T9743 594392-594400 Sentence denotes Methods:
T78894 594401-594533 Sentence denotes A 66-year-old businessperson was informed stage II chronic renal impairment possibly due to uncontrolled hypertension for two years.
T86206 594534-594722 Sentence denotes He suffered from bilateral flank pain and urinary urgency for one week prior to admission and treated with oral antibiotics under the impression of urinary tract infection at local clinic.
T30296 594723-594798 Sentence denotes He had fever, chills, and altered mental status one day prior to admission.
T59219 594799-594888 Sentence denotes On presentation, the patient had unclear consciousness, confusion to stupor, with E4V2M4.
T7602 594889-594935 Sentence denotes Brain CT revealed mild cortical brain atrophy.
T69827 594936-595025 Sentence denotes CSF studies showed slightly turbid appearance, with orange color, low sugar (CSF glucose:
T4558 595026-595057 Sentence denotes 6 mg/dL, vs normal blood sugar:
T26375 595058-595105 Sentence denotes 102 mg/dL) and high protein (Total protein-CSF:
T72193 595106-595119 Sentence denotes 431.7 mg/dL).
T6433 595120-595144 Sentence denotes He had pleocytosis (WBC:
T43880 595145-595166 Sentence denotes 10-20/HPF, WBC Count:
T54672 595167-595201 Sentence denotes 990/uL, with segmented neutrophil:
T95790 595202-595218 Sentence denotes 48%, Lymphocyte:
T61960 595219-595237 Sentence denotes 41%, and Monocyte:
T14644 595238-595243 Sentence denotes 11%).
T60485 595244-595263 Sentence denotes CRP was 9.57 mg/dL.
T85278 595264-595366 Sentence denotes There was no pathogen identified by Gram stain, AFB stain nor India ink stain or even further culture.
T87416 595367-595454 Sentence denotes Under the impression of bacterial meningitis, he was admitted for antibiotic treatment.
T51939 595455-595463 Sentence denotes Results:
T92352 595464-595640 Sentence denotes After admission, lab data showed hypercalcemia (corrected calcium 3.13 mmol/L), renal impairment (creatinine 3.0 mg/ dL), A/G reverse (albumin/globulin 1.5/11 g/dL). treatment.
T47023 595641-595748 Sentence denotes Serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis disclosed IgG kappa monoclonal gammopathy.
T16418 595749-595789 Sentence denotes The quantitation of IgG was 6,380 mg/dL.
T38962 595790-595844 Sentence denotes Serum free light chain ratio was 29.66 (kappa/ lambda:
T20138 595845-595860 Sentence denotes 961/32.4 mg/L).
T55773 595861-595978 Sentence denotes Bone marrow biopsy and flow cytometry analysis confirmed multiple myeloma, with IgG by immunohistochemistry staining.
T67040 595979-596115 Sentence denotes Patient was treated with standard therapy with VTD regimen (Velcade, thalidomide & dexamethasone) then with strigent complete remission.
T52416 596116-596127 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T10789 596128-596192 Sentence denotes We present a myeloma patient initially mimicking as meiningitis.
T61586 596193-596368 Sentence denotes Since myeloma patients have higher susceptibility for infection, we cannot ignore general evaluation and integrate the clinical information in patient with repeated infection.
T34992 596369-596541 Sentence denotes Serratia marcescens lung abscess presenting as pseudo-hemoptysis Hsin Yu Lu 1 , Li Hsinn Wang 2 , Chih Pin Lin 3 , Si Shiuan Peng 4 , Pao Yaun Chang 5 , Yung Hsiang Hsu 6 .
T66235 596542-596852 Sentence denotes 1 School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, 3 Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 4 Department of Laboratory Medicine, 5 Department of Radiology, 6 Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan Background:
T34698 596853-596975 Sentence denotes Serratia marcescens, which can produce a red pigment, prodiogiosum, has been regarded as a harmless gramnegative bacillus.
T66042 596976-597049 Sentence denotes Recently, It was recognized as a nosocomial and opportunistic infections.
T57809 597050-597058 Sentence denotes Methods:
T57934 597059-597204 Sentence denotes Patient was a 35-year-old male with history of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with resolution 9 years ago, but he often had "hemoptysis" since then.
T7578 597205-597274 Sentence denotes He was admitted due to progressive "hemoptysis" and general soreness.
T13349 597275-597374 Sentence denotes Laboratory data showed influenza A&B antigen, Aspergillus antigen and acid-fast stain all negative.
T41549 597375-597403 Sentence denotes Mycoplasma IgM was positive.
T4699 597404-597529 Sentence denotes Chest computed tomography (CT) showed sporadic fibroinfiltration at both lung and "ball in cage" feature at right upper lung.
T89702 597530-597585 Sentence denotes He was treated with clarithromycin and tranesamic acid.
T37342 597586-597703 Sentence denotes Bronchoscopy revealed "active bleeding", ( Figure) and bronchial alveolar lavage showed Aspergillus antigen positive.
T87467 597704-597748 Sentence denotes Therefore, voriconazole treatment was added.
T61588 597749-597833 Sentence denotes However, 3 days after discharge, he came back due to massive "hemoptysis" of 150 mL.
T19885 597834-597905 Sentence denotes Associated symptoms were dyspnea, dizziness and right upper chest pain.
T56090 597906-598013 Sentence denotes Results: S. marcescens was grown in sputum culture on admission, but he was still treated as aspergillosis.
T76815 598014-598062 Sentence denotes Chest X ray showed right upper lung atelectasis.
T70531 598063-598225 Sentence denotes Right upper lobectomy was performed, and patholgy revealed chronic abscess, no granuloma, and surprizingly no evidence of fungal infection or active tuberculosis.
T76023 598226-598282 Sentence denotes So, voriconazole was shifted to piperacillin/tazobactam.
T91430 598283-598347 Sentence denotes However, he had a fever of 37.9°C, tachycardia and leukocytosis.
T21914 598348-598413 Sentence denotes S. marcescens was again grown in sputum culture with mixed flora.
T6235 598414-598619 Sentence denotes S. marcescens lung abscess was the final diagnosis, and "hemoptysis" was considered as "pseudo-hemoptysis" when repeat sputum grew the same organism which could produce prodiogiosum, mimicking fresh blood.
T66277 598620-598686 Sentence denotes Repeat chest CT showed severe adhesion without adequate expansion.
T42052 598687-598811 Sentence denotes Therefore, piperacillin/tazobactam was shifted to levofloxaxin, and the patient had right lower lung superior segmentectomy.
T67194 598812-598892 Sentence denotes Bronchopleural fistula was found, and there was air leakage without improvement.
T46958 598893-598985 Sentence denotes The patient finally cured with thoracoplasty of right 2 nd to 6 th ribs, and was discharged.
T74773 598986-598997 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T69386 598998-599080 Sentence denotes Hemoptysis is common in patients of TB or aspergillosis, but rare in lung abscess.
T89078 599081-599116 Sentence denotes S. marcescens lung abscess is rare.
T72649 599117-599233 Sentence denotes But if the presenting symptom is "hemoptysis", it could be the red pigment, prodiogiosum, produced by S. marcescens.
T23301 599234-599384 Sentence denotes Splenic abscess: an uncommon entity with potentially life threatening Mei-Chun Lee 1,3 , Chien-Hung Lu 1 , Wei-Ying Lee 1 , Chun-Ming Lee 2,3,4,5,6 *.
T52665 599385-599396 Sentence denotes Background:
T50256 599397-599455 Sentence denotes Splenic abscess is rare with potentially life threatening.
T92193 599456-599495 Sentence denotes Scanty published studies are available.
T41495 599496-599658 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to review the clinical features, microbiologic etiologies, treatments, and outcomes of patients with splenic abscesses in recent 5 years.
T33077 599659-599667 Sentence denotes Methods:
T11716 599668-599771 Sentence denotes We reviewed admitted patients with suspected splenic abscess and made the diagnosis of splenic abscess.
T74262 599772-600040 Sentence denotes The clinical characteristics, underlying disease, treatment course, organism spectra, abscess number and size, therapeutic methods, and clinical outcome at a tertiary medical center in northern Taiwan over a period of 5 years (from Jan 2012 to Dec 2016) were analyzed.
T22873 600041-600049 Sentence denotes Results:
T38702 600050-600173 Sentence denotes Of 16 patients with splenic abscess, male to female ratio was 1:1, with a mean age of 49.9 years (range 1 day to 52 years).
T47735 600174-600414 Sentence denotes Common presentation were fever (11 patients, 68.7%), diffuse abdominal pain (6 patients, 37.5%), left upper quadrant pain or tenderness (6 patients, 37.5%), splenomegaly (4 patients, 25%), and Left-sited pleural effusions (8 patients, 50%).
T18480 600415-600461 Sentence denotes Leukocytosis was noted in (15patients, 93.7%).
T91262 600462-600517 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial therapy was administered in all patients.
T23982 600518-600578 Sentence denotes Fourteen (87.5%) patients recovered under medical treatment.
T68291 600579-600763 Sentence denotes One (6.2%) patient underwent splenectomy, and four (25%) patients performed percutaneous drainage of their splenic abscess and 11 (68.7%) patients received antimicrobial therapy alone.
T5743 600764-600775 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T46150 600776-600860 Sentence denotes We noted mortality may be more related to patients with underlying immunodeficiency.
T78993 600861-601055 Sentence denotes There was a relatively high proportion in patients with splenic abscesses receiving antimicrobial therapy alone and got a good prognosis especially in patients with small and multiple abscesses.
T2704 601056-601067 Sentence denotes Background:
T73619 601068-601177 Sentence denotes Association between psoriasis and leptospirosis has been previously mentioned but seldom cases were reported.
T77738 601178-601207 Sentence denotes We described a case at below.
T16940 601208-601216 Sentence denotes Methods:
T67114 601217-601426 Sentence denotes A 66-year-old woman with history of hypertension under medical control and psoriasis, was admitted to Tzu Chi General Hospital for itching erythmatous plaques over whole body and four extrimities for 3 months.
T79879 601427-601512 Sentence denotes She has been diagnosed with psoriasis for fifteen years and flared up intermittently.
T70502 601513-601597 Sentence denotes She previously worked at breakfast stand, and engaged in farming when she was young.
T76788 601598-601680 Sentence denotes Upon admission, she had multiple psoriatic lesions over her trunk and extremities.
T96383 601681-601747 Sentence denotes Stiff neck and arthritis of finger and toe joints were also noted.
T15629 601748-601756 Sentence denotes Results:
T95453 601757-601837 Sentence denotes Ten years ago, she came to our hospital for controlling her psoriasis condition.
T38448 601838-601927 Sentence denotes Phototherapy, acitretin, calcipotriol, and methotrexate were prescribed by dermatologist.
T66628 601928-602073 Sentence denotes Skin biopsy was done and showed superficial perivascular lymphocyte infiltration with elongated rete ridges, which was consistent with psoriasis.
T34644 602074-602115 Sentence denotes Urine PCR comfirmed Leptospire infection.
T91064 602116-602154 Sentence denotes Penicillin G and rifampicin was added.
T60062 602155-602209 Sentence denotes Her skin lesion was dramatically controlled in a week.
T54675 602210-602278 Sentence denotes The patient was discharged home with oral penicillin G and rifampin.
T79041 602279-602418 Sentence denotes In this time of her admission, antibiotics for leptospirosis were changed to ceftriaxone and fosfomycin due to unavailable of penicillin G.
T54674 602419-602540 Sentence denotes Skin biopsy ten years ago was also taken out for immunochemical staining of leptospira which revealed positive (Figure) .
T59426 602541-602552 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T51276 602553-602683 Sentence denotes Psoriasis is fundamentally an inflammatory skin condition with reactive abnormal epidermal differentiation and hyperproliferation.
T41827 602684-602836 Sentence denotes Current research suggests that the inflammatory mechanisms are immune based and most likely initiated and maintained primarily by T cells in the dermis.
T90647 602837-603080 Sentence denotes Reactivation of T cells in the dermis and epidermis and the local effects of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor lead to the inflammation, cell-mediated immune responses, and epidermal hyperproliferation observed in persons with psoriasis.
T70451 603081-603196 Sentence denotes Cytokines produced in response to infection have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis.
T10417 603197-603469 Sentence denotes The clinical impact of sputum isolation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Maki Shikata 1,2 , Naoki Iwanaga 1,2 , Yosuke Nagayoshi 1,2 , Shinnosuke Takemoto 2 , Tadayoshi Oono 1 , Keiko Hisatomi 2 , Seiji Nagashima 2 .
T2941 603470-603656 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki, Medical Center, 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center
T15652 603657-603668 Sentence denotes Background:
T33417 603669-603879 Sentence denotes The infection caused by extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL)-producing organism has been emerging problem recently, because broad-spectrum antibiotics are needed for the treatment of ESBL-producing organisms.
T23176 603880-604050 Sentence denotes To reveal the characteristics of bacteremic pneumonia caused by ESBL-producing organisms is extremely important for clinicians, yet few studies have effectively achieved.
T10454 604051-604227 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between sputum isolation of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and outcomes of bacteremic pneumonia.
T32885 604228-604236 Sentence denotes Methods:
T74024 604237-604447 Sentence denotes We retrospectively analyzed 83 patients of bacteremic pneumonia caused by E. coli and K. pneumonia (including of 38 ESBL-producing) objectively between January 2015 and December 2016 in Nagasaki Medical Center.
T9465 604448-604738 Sentence denotes Bacteremic pneumonia was defined as cases in which E. coli and K. pneumoniae were isolated from sputum culture and clinically suspected because of respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough, sputum and dyspnea, elevated inflammatory response of the laboratory data and chest abnormal shadow.
T20465 604739-604873 Sentence denotes Clinical information and outcome of adults with bacteremic pneumonia caused by ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae were analyzed.
T50564 604874-604882 Sentence denotes Results:
T83604 604883-605197 Sentence denotes A total of 83 patients with bacteremic pneumonia (including of 38 ESBL-producing) caused by E. coli (45 patients, 54.9%) and K. pneumoniae (37 patients, 45.1%) were identified, and classified 72.5% as hospital-acquired pneumonia, 14.5% as healthcare-associated pneumonia, and 13.0% as community-acquired pneumonia.
T45212 605198-605324 Sentence denotes Their mean age of ESBL and non-ESBL were 75.5 years and 76.4 years, and male patients of it were 73.7% and 77.8% respectively.
T33992 605325-605605 Sentence denotes The disclosed risk factors of sputum isolation of ESBLproducing E. coli and K. pneumonia are as follows; low BMI (P = 0.0195), antibiotic use history (P = 0.0495), ESBL isolation history (P = 0.0004), high Charlson Comorbidity Index (P = 0.0262), and high quick SOFA (P = 0.0376).
T52852 605606-605965 Sentence denotes About the impact of sputum isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae on clinical course, inappropriate empirical therapy was initiated more often (62.1% vs15%, P = 0.0001), and associated with 60-day mortality (37.9% vs7.5%, P = 0.0026) Conclusion: ESBL-producing bacteremic pneumonia was associated with comorbidities and severity of the disease.
T40320 605966-606039 Sentence denotes Appropriate empirical therapy could lead to the improvement of prognosis.
T38551 606040-606134 Sentence denotes Liu Yao-Chang 1 , Wang Lih-Shinn 1,2 , Chang Huai-Ren 1,3 , Chen Yi-Ting 1,4 , Lin Teng-Yi 5 .
T70418 606135-606437 Sentence denotes 1 School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, 3 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, 4 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, 5 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan Background:
T61041 606438-606546 Sentence denotes Myocarditis is a life-threatening disease, and leptospirosis-associated myocarditis is often underestimated.
T83064 606547-606555 Sentence denotes Methods:
T32325 606556-606638 Sentence denotes A 21-year-old previous healthy man presented with 2day history of general malaise.
T85291 606639-606713 Sentence denotes The patient worked in supermarket, contacting with frozen meat frequently.
T8100 606714-606828 Sentence denotes Since 2 days before initial presentation, he began to experience general malaise, chest tightness, and mild fever.
T76557 606829-606950 Sentence denotes He reported no dyspnea, no abdominal pain, no recent traveling history, nor similar symptoms among his family or friends.
T74493 606951-607032 Sentence denotes Due to persistent symptoms, he was brought to emergency room of another hospital.
T88295 607033-607200 Sentence denotes On examination, hypotension of 72/50 mmHg was noted, and laboratory examination reported bandemia of 34%, C-reactive protein of 20 mg/dL, and troponin-I of 2.12 ng/mL.
T72593 607201-607248 Sentence denotes He was immediately transferred to our hospital.
T40924 607249-607352 Sentence denotes At Emergency Department, he was afebrile, tachycardia of 104 beats/ min, and hypotension of 76/45 mmHg.
T92518 607353-607488 Sentence denotes Physical examination reported no prominent findings except a 1 cm knife cut wound on his left hand, which happened at work 2 weeks ago.
T29039 607489-607522 Sentence denotes ECG revealed normal sinus rhythm.
T42068 607523-607559 Sentence denotes Chest X ray showed congested status.
T43870 607560-607615 Sentence denotes Cardiac echography reported diffusely poor wall motion.
T80611 607616-607707 Sentence denotes Under tentative diagnosis of acute myocarditis with septic shock, the patient was admitted.
T39825 607708-607716 Sentence denotes Results:
T39837 607717-607828 Sentence denotes Adequate hydration and vasopressors were carried, and he was empirically treated with vancomycin and meropenem.
T1464 607829-607962 Sentence denotes On hospital day 2, Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibody was positive at a titer of 1:80, and antibiotics were switched to levofloxacin.
T90137 607963-608110 Sentence denotes Oral penicillin-V was added by Infectious Diseases doctor's suggestion, considering leptospirosis according to the patient's occupational exposure.
T94679 608111-608173 Sentence denotes Hydrocortisone and colchicine were prescribed for myocarditis.
T7092 608174-608226 Sentence denotes The patient improved dramatically in following days.
T91256 608227-608307 Sentence denotes Blood cultures were sterile and there was no evidence of active viral infection.
T26741 608308-608362 Sentence denotes He was discharged 1 week after admission uneventfully.
T70874 608363-608498 Sentence denotes One month after initial presentation, microscopic agglutination test for leptospirosis revealed significant rise comparing paired sera.
T17328 608499-608602 Sentence denotes Leptospira santarosai serovar shermani was positive at a titer of 1:400, which confirmed leptospirosis.
T66120 608603-608614 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T30915 608615-608711 Sentence denotes Previous studies have reported that myocarditis can result from M. pneumoniae and leptospirosis.
T6477 608712-608827 Sentence denotes However, antigenic mimicry between Leptospire and Mycoplasma could play a role in biologic false positive reaction.
T87902 608828-608918 Sentence denotes Physicians should be careful when a patient presents risk factors of Leptospira infection.
T84617 608919-609137 Sentence denotes Mycobacterium abscessus complex pneumonia and possible progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) as a presentation of AIDS Yu-Hui Lin 1 , Soon-Hian Teh 2 , Lih-shinn Wang 1,2 , Chia-jung Chiang 3 , Yi-wen Wu 2 .
T62892 609138-609547 Sentence denotes 1 School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, 3 Ministry of Health and Welfare Chest Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan Background: M. abscessus complex (MABC) is a group of rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species that can cause pulmonary infections in AIDS.
T64956 609548-609556 Sentence denotes Methods:
T54566 609557-609629 Sentence denotes A 29-year-old bisexual man presented with productive cough for 6 months.
T37520 609630-609699 Sentence denotes He started to have a fever of 38°C accompanied with productive cough.
T46571 609700-609836 Sentence denotes The fever subsided spontaneously but the patient still had intermittent cough with yellowish sputum without hemoptysis nor night sweats.
T788 609837-609874 Sentence denotes He had weight loss from 104 to 77 kg.
T6682 609875-609946 Sentence denotes The patient went to another hospital one month prior to this admission.
T20541 609947-610048 Sentence denotes Chest X ray (CXR) revealed multiple nodules with cavitations over bilateral lung fields ( Figure A) .
T12503 610049-610157 Sentence denotes Chest computed tomography (CT) showed multiple nodules and cystic lesions over bilateral lungs ( Figure B ).
T83139 610158-610219 Sentence denotes Three sets of sputum acid fast stain showed negative results.
T27095 610220-610272 Sentence denotes One of the three sets of sputum cultures showed NTM.
T91991 610273-610330 Sentence denotes The patient was admitted to treat possible NTM pneumonia.
T66265 610331-610339 Sentence denotes Results:
T76947 610340-610464 Sentence denotes On admission, complete blood counts showed pancytopenia with white blood cell count of 2,720/ul and lymphocytopenia (15.8%).
T94140 610465-610514 Sentence denotes HIV Ag/Ab was positive by ELISA and Western blot.
T37911 610515-610554 Sentence denotes HIV viral loads were 186,547 copies/ul.
T53011 610555-610633 Sentence denotes HAART was initiated with abacavir/lamivudine and nevirapine on hospital day 5.
T73864 610634-610737 Sentence denotes Other tests showed that sputum Pneumocystis jiroveci, blood Aspergillus and HSV-1 were positive by PCR.
T33200 610738-610793 Sentence denotes Sputum M. tuberculosis complex was undetectable by PCR.
T90723 610794-610870 Sentence denotes NTM pulmonary disease was confirmed by a second expectorated sputum samples.
T80857 610871-611009 Sentence denotes Ethambutol and clarithromycin were prescribed to treat possible M avium complex (MAC), which is the most common NTM infection in HIV/AIDS.
T67141 611010-611066 Sentence denotes Rifabutin and levofloxacin were added on hospital day 8.
T83438 611067-611133 Sentence denotes Clarithromycin was shifted to azithromycin because of intolerance.
T50582 611134-611225 Sentence denotes Further study of the sputum culture confirmed MABC by an official mycobacterium laboratory.
T50144 611226-611304 Sentence denotes Progressive lower limb pain, blurred vision and difficult speaking were noted.
T3375 611305-611389 Sentence denotes Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no mass effect, and PML was suspected.
T72549 611390-611448 Sentence denotes The patient was discharged after 9 weeks of hospital stay.
T23370 611449-611514 Sentence denotes His HIV viral loads were lower than 20 copies/uL within 4 months.
T89036 611515-611588 Sentence denotes Seizure happened once per month and follow-up MRI showed aggravating PML.
T36680 611589-611710 Sentence denotes He took ethambutal, azithromycin and rifambutin as outpatient treatment for a year, and follow-up CXR showed improvement.
T60556 611711-611794 Sentence denotes Conclusion: MABC infections are difficult to treat because of multidrug resistance.
T10001 611795-611914 Sentence denotes MAC and MABC co-infection is possible, and MAC may need to treat empirically when CD4 counts are extremely low in AIDS.
T75869 611915-612082 Sentence denotes Unique physiological properties of toxigenic Clostridium difficile ribotype 078 Cheng-Ju Tseng 1 , Yung-Chieh Fu 1 , Bo-Yang Tsai 2 , Ya Hui Liu 2 , Pei-Jane Tsai 1 *.
T96061 612083-612094 Sentence denotes Background:
T35091 612095-612383 Sentence denotes The spore-forming microorganism Clostridium difficile enables itself to tolerate the extreme environments, and lots of strains enclose the toxin genes and generate toxins that damage the host and lead to various diseases, from the mild diarrhea to the severe pseudomembrane and megacolon.
T51555 612384-612650 Sentence denotes Two C. difficle genotypes ribotyped as 027 and 078 have been found to possess three toxin genes tcdA, tcdB, and cdtA/B, and been demonstrated as the most harmful ribotypes to creatures, which implies the importance of immediate recognition for the proper treatments.
T59098 612651-612659 Sentence denotes Methods:
T10988 612660-612807 Sentence denotes Retrospective, a surveillance study from January 2011 to January 2013 was conducted at the medical wards of a district hospital in southern Taiwan.
T91158 612808-612882 Sentence denotes Molecular characterization of isolates was performed using PCR ribotyping.
T60846 612883-612891 Sentence denotes Results:
T617 612892-612952 Sentence denotes Ribotype 078/126 (25.0%) was the most frequently identified.
T37776 612953-613096 Sentence denotes Focusing on the zoonotic RT078, we seen its unique performances compared to the conventional C. difficile, including RT027 and other ribotypes.
T67083 613097-613235 Sentence denotes The colony morphology on agar and the cellular aggregation in broth revealed the dissimilar behavior of RT078 rather than other ribotypes.
T22329 613236-613390 Sentence denotes The highly aggregation of RT078 cells was examined and shown neither correlated with the growth rate of bacterial population nor the formation of biofilm.
T75411 613391-613554 Sentence denotes The results of this study suggested the C. difficile RT078 had the distinct physiological phenotype that could be observed easily without further molecular typing.
T57281 613555-613664 Sentence denotes Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome: first case in Taiwan Background:
T13489 613665-613816 Sentence denotes Antecedent infections are common with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and are thought to trigger the immune response that leads to acute polyneuropathy.
T54477 613817-613947 Sentence denotes Campylobacter Jejuni, human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), Zika virus are the wellknown common specimen of the antecedent infection.
T36482 613948-614054 Sentence denotes However, there are no report about the Klebsiella pneumoniae primary liver abscess could also lead to GBS.
T53985 614055-614067 Sentence denotes Case report:
T93650 614068-614191 Sentence denotes A 75-year-old retired male patient had undeylying disease of Type II diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, stage V.
T77883 614192-614313 Sentence denotes He just discharged 2 weeks ago due to biliary tract infection with bacteremia which is proven of K. pneumoniae infection.
T68914 614314-614373 Sentence denotes He was admitted because of fever with chills for few hours.
T34871 614374-614434 Sentence denotes Abdominal echo was arranged and showed bile duct dilatation.
T43821 614435-614544 Sentence denotes Abdominal MRI revealed lobulated lesion at the S2 liver, with restricted diffusion which favor liver abscess.
T72227 614545-614622 Sentence denotes Flomocef 2g every 8 hours was prescribed for the impression of liver abscess.
T17374 614623-614676 Sentence denotes Blood culture during this admission showed no growth.
T64778 614677-614870 Sentence denotes However, bilateral lower leg muscle power and deep tendon reflex (DTR) decreased quickly from distal to proximal, progression of difficulty in defecation and urination during the hospilitation.
T24392 614871-615066 Sentence denotes Cerebrospinal fluid study showed albumino-cytological dissociation and electromyogram (EMG) indicate sensorimotor polyneuropathy of axon degeneration which indirect prove our impression with GBS.
T57750 615067-615107 Sentence denotes Intravenous immunoglubumin was injected.
T900 615108-615174 Sentence denotes He finally discharged since the symptoms did not progress anymore.
T70767 615175-615284 Sentence denotes Three month later, He could walk and defecate normally when he came back to out patient department follow up.
T83268 615285-615296 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T62487 615297-615520 Sentence denotes Bilateral leg weakness with DTR decreased spreading up from distal to proximal, EMG indicated sensorimotor polyneuropathy of axonal degeneration and albumino-cytological dissociation truly correspond to GBS in this patient.
T16265 615521-615615 Sentence denotes Besides, he did not have other typical symptoms that present with C.Jejuni, HIV or zika virus.
T55873 615616-615688 Sentence denotes Thus, we could boldly associate his GBS with K.pneumoniae liver abscess.
T33009 615689-615895 Sentence denotes This is the first reported case of Guillain-Barré syndrome in Taiwan associated with K.pneumoniae liver abscess which should be kept in mind when making a diagnosis of acute onset of bilateral leg weakness.
T59263 615896-615904 Sentence denotes Methods:
T25308 615905-616027 Sentence denotes After admission, intermittent high fever was persisted, and lab data showed leukocytosis and persisted elevated CRP level.
T65041 616028-616082 Sentence denotes However, there was no respiratory or urinary symptoms.
T57003 616083-616128 Sentence denotes Lab data showed PCT level in reference level.
T70769 616129-616218 Sentence denotes During 5/7∼5/13, chemotherapy was done on 5/8 and there was no major complications noted.
T73946 616219-616308 Sentence denotes However, watery diarrhea was noted since 5/8 night, and CRP level elevated to 45.28 mg/L.
T62507 616309-616417 Sentence denotes Furthermore, stool examination showed positive toxin A + B, which suspected Clostridium difficile infection.
T32215 616418-616465 Sentence denotes We prescribed Flagyl 2# Q6H since 5/10 for him.
T98217 616466-616528 Sentence denotes We also prescribed Trancolon and Smecta for symptom relieving.
T48681 616529-616652 Sentence denotes We had collected rectal swab culture for Clostridium difficile identification and we had ordered to keep contact isolation.
T30821 616653-616661 Sentence denotes Results:
T94314 616662-616736 Sentence denotes During 5/14-5/20, intermittent fever up to more than 39°C was still noted.
T4073 616737-616803 Sentence denotes Intermittent diarrhea was still noted and we kept oral Flagyl use.
T89153 616804-617013 Sentence denotes Furthermore, severe electrolyte imbalance persisted during this week, with hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, and frequently electrolyte supplement was needed, especially hypokalemia.
T18836 617014-617106 Sentence denotes The watery diarrhea was improving to semi-fluid-solid like stool, with decreasing frequency.
T53445 617107-617161 Sentence denotes We therefore discontinue contact isolation since 5/19.
T51254 617162-617173 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T97305 617174-617420 Sentence denotes Clostridium difficile is a kind of normal bacteria in human intestinal tract, the use of antibiotics will lead to other intestinal bacteria to reduce the normal therefore cause a lot of breeding and cause disease and severe electrolyte imbalance.
T3948 617421-617571 Sentence denotes Cancer patients, elderly, Immune function deficiency, long-term hospitalization and the use of antibiotic treatment are more susceptible to infection.
T77966 617572-617649 Sentence denotes Clostridium difficile infection is through the hand and body surface contact.
T79113 617650-617772 Sentence denotes Hand washing for the patient has chemotherapy and medical team to prevent Clostridium difficile is particularly important.
T78697 617773-618044 Sentence denotes The epidemiology of urinary tract infection in a Singapore teaching hospital: results of a pilot audit Goh Yi Suan Vivian 1 *, Low Wei Ting Gabriel 1, *, Aw Liang Cheng 1 , Park Chang Joon 1 , Low Taoyang Isaac 2 , Sarah Binte Mohd Sidek 2 , Paul Anantharajah Tambyah 2 .
T97751 618045-618210 Sentence denotes 1 Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 2 Division of Infectious Disease, National University Hospital, Singapore *Co-authors
T61895 618211-618222 Sentence denotes Background:
T74783 618223-618304 Sentence denotes Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are among the most prevalent infections worldwide.
T48384 618305-618356 Sentence denotes However there are limited data from Southeast Asia.
T85629 618357-618365 Sentence denotes Methods:
T59892 618366-618569 Sentence denotes We conducted a clinical audit to describe the epidemiology of UTI at the National University Hospital, a 1,200-bed teaching hospital covering the western sector of Singapore, from 15/5/2017 to 13/6/2017.
T79740 618570-618717 Sentence denotes Patient data were extracted from patient charts and electronic medical records on demographics, clinical and microbiological features and outcomes.
T46903 618718-618784 Sentence denotes We defined UTI as positive urine culture >10 3 CFU of bacteria/mL.
T46373 618785-618840 Sentence denotes All other definitions followed international standards.
T61833 618841-618923 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test and Student's t-test.
T27860 618924-618932 Sentence denotes Results:
T69547 618933-619058 Sentence denotes Overall, 103 patients had 106 urine cultures of which, there were 41 positive urine cultures, and 65 negative urine cultures.
T35072 619059-619135 Sentence denotes Bacteriuria >10 3 CFU/mL was more common in females than males ( p = 0.008).
T31095 619136-619255 Sentence denotes Of 41 positive urine cultures, 21 had fever >38.0°C, 6 had altered mental state and 7 had lower urinary tract symptoms.
T14960 619256-619335 Sentence denotes 5 had a combination of symptoms while 12 patients had asymptomatic bacteriuria.
T23833 619336-619462 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference in symptom frequency between patients with positive and negative cultures (95%CI 0.5 to 2.
T60360 619463-619516 Sentence denotes 9; p = 0.67) and fever (95%CI −0.4 to 0.4; p = 0.94).
T95921 619517-619711 Sentence denotes After excluding 41 patients with concomitant infections, the presence of fever >38.0°C 48 hours before culture was also not associated with bacteriuria >10 3 CFU/mL (95%CI 0.67 to 5.1; p = 0.3).
T32193 619712-619990 Sentence denotes Urine WBC counts were significantly raised in patients with positive urine cultures ( p = 0.0001) (247 ± 357/hpf ) compared to negative urine cultures (11 ± 16/hpf ), suggesting that urine microscopy should be used as a screen for urine culturing even for hospitalised patients.
T37178 619991-620086 Sentence denotes Hospital-onset UTI accounted for 16 (39%) UTIs while Communityonset UTI accounted for 25 (61%).
T35383 620087-620313 Sentence denotes The length of hospitalization in HOUTI patients (16.5 ± 10 days) was significantly higher than that of COUTI patients (6 ± 2.6 days) (95%CI 5.6 to 15.5; p = 0.0002), otherwise, there were no differences between the two groups.
T33237 620314-620429 Sentence denotes The commonest causative organism cultured was E. coli (n = 17, 41%) followed by Klebsiella Pneumoniae (n = 6, 15%).
T37591 620430-620506 Sentence denotes There was a high degree of antimicrobial resistance detected in the E. coli:
T58223 620507-620641 Sentence denotes 14 (82%) were ampicillin-resistant, 7 (41%) were ciprofloxacinresistant, and 6 (35%) were resistant to third-generationcephalosporins.
T97315 620642-620653 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T55635 620654-620746 Sentence denotes This pilot audit is limited by the small sample size and presence of concomitant infections.
T44351 620747-620919 Sentence denotes Larger studies are needed to confirm our findings so we can effectively target therapies for patients with UTI without exacerbating the problem of antimicrobial resistance.
T32598 620920-621110 Sentence denotes Development of an improved in-house protocol for fast and reliable identification directly from positive blood cultures using MALDI-TOF MS Menglan Zhou 1,2 , Qiwen Yang 1 *, Yingchun Xu 1 *.
T17023 621111-621122 Sentence denotes Background:
T89907 621123-621224 Sentence denotes Bloodstream infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients worldwide.
T43151 621225-621464 Sentence denotes The application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) directly to blood culture (BC) broth has a potential to identify bloodstream infection earlier and facilitate timely management.
T40840 621465-621473 Sentence denotes Methods:
T10740 621474-621640 Sentence denotes We developed an in-house (IH) protocol for direct MALDI-TOF MS based identification of positive BCs, and compared its performance with the commercial Sepsityper™ kit.
T15810 621641-621732 Sentence denotes The protocol was initially evaluated and improved with known selective positive BC samples.
T85007 621733-621859 Sentence denotes We then studied in parallel the performance of the protocol and the colony MS identifications in positive clinical BC samples.
T92378 621860-621934 Sentence denotes All discrepancies were investigated by "gold standard" of gene sequencing.
T74368 621935-621943 Sentence denotes Results:
T84078 621944-622073 Sentence denotes Of the 54 spiked BC samples, the IH method showed comparable results with Sepsityper™ after applying the modified cut-off values.
T92181 622074-622203 Sentence denotes Accurate species, genus level identification was achieved in 88.7%, 3.9% of all the clinical monomicrobial BCs (284/ 301, 94.4%).
T31033 622204-622315 Sentence denotes It showed superior performance for Gram negative bacteria than for Gram positive bacteria (92.8% versus 82.4%).
T63972 622316-622421 Sentence denotes For anaerobes and yeasts, 80.0% and 90.0% accuracy in species identification were achieved, respectively.
T53546 622422-622674 Sentence denotes For polymicrobial mixed cultures (17/301, 5.6%), MALDI-TOF MS correctly reported a single species present in all the polymicrobial BCs under the Standard mode, while using the MIXED Method, two species were correctly identified in 52.9% of the samples.
T91055 622675-622865 Sentence denotes Comparison between different bottle types, the results indicated that the BACTEC™ Lytic/ 10 Anaerobic/F culture vials exhibited the best performance among the three (BACTECTM Plus Aerobic/F:
T40518 622866-622903 Sentence denotes 87.4%; BACTECTM Lytic/10 Anaerobic/F:
T42640 622904-622933 Sentence denotes 92.1%; BACTECTM Myco/F Lytic:
T21810 622934-622941 Sentence denotes 80.0%).
T72922 622942-623087 Sentence denotes In conclusion, we developed a novel, simple and costeffective sample preparation method for direct identification of pathogens from positive BCs.
T73524 623088-623298 Sentence denotes Evidence-based comparison of diagnostic accuracy of xpert MTB/RIF assay, with smear microscopy for pulmonary tuberculosis and its rifampicin -resistance detection evaluation Yi-Ching Huang 1 , Yuan-Hsin Chu 2 .
T91512 623299-623412 Sentence denotes 1 Division of Infectious Disease, Jen-Ai Hospital, 2 Department of Infection Control, Jen-Ai Hospital Background:
T61969 623413-623501 Sentence denotes Accurate and earlier detection of TB, and TB drug resistance is critical for TB control.
T58577 623502-623604 Sentence denotes Mycobacterial culture is considered as the best reference standard but is relatively complex and slow.
T71948 623605-623660 Sentence denotes Thus, Taiwan CDC recommends to develop rapid technique.
T7895 623661-623766 Sentence denotes Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid) assay has been introduced for the diagnosis of TB and RIF(rifampicin)-resistance.
T26178 623767-623914 Sentence denotes We herein compare its diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary tuberculosis with smear microscopy and assess the assay for rifampicin resistance in adults.
T94524 623915-623923 Sentence denotes Methods:
T36898 623924-624061 Sentence denotes It's a diagnostic question, Acquiring systematic review (SR) of cross-sectional studies with reference standard and blinding is priority.
T86181 624062-624409 Sentence denotes P-pulmonary tuberculosis; I-Xpert MTB/RIF; C-smear microscopy; O-diagnostic accuracy The PICO terms and their respective synonyms were engaged by boolean character "AND"→ to search CochraneLibrary and Pubmed→ 3 SR were filterd out of 6 searching results in Cochrane Library→ One most relevant SR was selected and in PubMed we included the same SR.
T17463 624410-624418 Sentence denotes Results:
T9650 624419-624530 Sentence denotes As an initial test replacing smear microscopy, Xpert ® MTB/ RIF pooled sensitivity 89%; pooled specificity 99%.
T7476 624531-624658 Sentence denotes As an add-on test following a negative smear microscopy result, Xpert ® MTB/RIF pooled sensitivity 67%; pooled specificity 99%.
T49046 624659-624739 Sentence denotes For smear-positive, culture-positive TB, Xpert ® MTB/RIF pooled sensitivity 98%.
T40615 624740-624848 Sentence denotes Compared with smear microscopy, Xpert ® MTB/RIF increased TB detection among culture-confirmed cases by 23%.
T27479 624849-624945 Sentence denotes For RIF-resistance detection, Xpert ® MTB/RIF pooled sensitivity 95% and pooled specificity 98%.
T31779 624946-624957 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T33326 624958-625073 Sentence denotes Compared with smear microscopy, Xpert ® MTB/RIF substantially increases TB detection among culture-confirmed cases.
T85689 625074-625187 Sentence denotes Xpert ® MTB/RIF has higher sensitivity for TB detection in smear-positive than smear-negative patients in adults.
T33681 625188-625321 Sentence denotes Nonetheless, this test may be valuable as an add-on test following smear microscopy in patients previously found to be smearnegative.
T99552 625322-625462 Sentence denotes For rifampicin resistance detection, Xpert ® MTB/RIF provides accurate results and can allow rapid initiation of MDR-TB treatment (Level 1).
T41921 625463-625550 Sentence denotes Clinical aspect of Rhodotorula fungemia in a regional teaching hospital Yi Ching Huang.
T93225 625551-625623 Sentence denotes Division of Infection Diseases, Jen-Ai Hospital -Dali branch Background:
T63216 625624-625800 Sentence denotes Rhodotorula species are common environmental pigmented basidiomycetous yeasts, and also present in skin, nails, and respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts in humans.
T74498 625801-625968 Sentence denotes Rhodotorula species as infrequent yeast pathogens increasingly cause invasive infections such as fungemia, meningitis, ocular infection, peritonitis, and endocarditis.
T37149 625969-626064 Sentence denotes Risk factors included immunocompromised patients and the presence of a central venous catheter.
T83167 626065-626197 Sentence denotes The propose of the study was to review cases of Rhodotorula fungemia over a period of 6 years to determine risk factors and outcome.
T29091 626198-626206 Sentence denotes Methods:
T32104 626207-626459 Sentence denotes The records of the microbiology laboratory at Jen-Ai Hospital -Dali branch, a 602-bed regional teaching hospital in Taiwan, were reviewed to identify patients with positive blood cultures for Rhodotorula species from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2016.
T98330 626460-626669 Sentence denotes The following information was collected: age, gender, underlying disease, presence and type of central venous catheters, parenteral nutrition, use of corticosteroids and exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics.
T75084 626670-626678 Sentence denotes Results:
T78158 626679-626792 Sentence denotes 25 cultures of blood samples obtained from 12 patients grew Rhodotorula species, mainly Rhodotorula mucilaginosa.
T32518 626793-626821 Sentence denotes The median age was 66 years.
T44727 626822-626855 Sentence denotes Female patients were predominant.
T28849 626856-626951 Sentence denotes Central venous catheters presents in 9 patients, including 4 patients having Hickman catheters.
T72900 626952-627011 Sentence denotes Broad-spectrum antibiotics were administered in 9 patients.
T76772 627012-627056 Sentence denotes Only 2 patients received antifungal therapy.
T76724 627057-627082 Sentence denotes 30-day mortality was 33%.
T43942 627083-627094 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T81708 627095-627211 Sentence denotes The most common predisposing factors were presence of central venous catheter and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
T82052 627212-627220 Sentence denotes Results:
T13418 627221-627312 Sentence denotes 13 cases were collected from May 2006 to April 2017 in a single tertiary teaching hospital.
T93349 627313-627364 Sentence denotes All of them were men aging from 17 to 54 years old.
T80056 627365-627439 Sentence denotes 11 were MSM and most common acute syndrome included fever and skin rashes.
T57664 627440-627473 Sentence denotes 6 were co-infected with syphilis.
T67165 627474-627585 Sentence denotes All HIV Ag/Ab EIA /ELISA showed positive and HIV RNA viral load ranged from 3.41 to more than 7 log 10 copy/mL.
T75053 627586-627620 Sentence denotes 7 had CD4 counts less than 200/uL.
T2195 627621-627721 Sentence denotes At the same time, 5 of 13 showed negative Western Blot and the other 8 showed indeterminate results.
T53707 627722-627844 Sentence denotes Repeat Western Blot was done in 6 of 13 and all revealed positive results finally, with time interval from 3 to 17 months.
T13799 627845-627856 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T24036 627857-628052 Sentence denotes Although indeterminate Western Blot may be present in acute and early HIV infections, confirmation of HIV infection still need more information such as HIV RNA viral loads, PCR or seroconversion.
T74291 628053-628196 Sentence denotes For most clinicians, negative Western Blot usually excludes HIV/AIDS, and may ignore the fact of window period present in acute HIV infections.
T49867 628197-628339 Sentence denotes In high risk population, the diagnosis of acute and early HIV infections can be made by obtaining exposure history or a presentation of a STD.
T11589 628340-628499 Sentence denotes The experience sharing of using system alert mechanism for Clostridium difficile toxin detection in a metropolitan hospital Chiung-Yin Chuang, Chin-Hsiung Kao.
T35016 628500-628511 Sentence denotes Background:
T42833 628512-628610 Sentence denotes Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is associated with long-term or multiple use of antibiotics.
T88972 628611-628707 Sentence denotes It disrupts normal gut flora resulting in diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, or megacolon, etc.
T15823 628708-628808 Sentence denotes The difficulty of diagnosis and the strain diversity make early treatment and isolation a challenge.
T85021 628809-628923 Sentence denotes Bacterial culture and identification are time-consuming and cannot to be used for confirming the virulent strains.
T94832 628924-629128 Sentence denotes By introducing inspection equipment actively and setting the molecular analysis mechanism of toxin-producing strain detection, toxin carriers receive timely treatment and infection control is implemented.
T61336 629129-629137 Sentence denotes Methods:
T92403 629138-629266 Sentence denotes Gene Xpert Dx system was used to detect the toxin genes of Clostridium difficile and NAP/O27 strains which is highly pathogenic.
T88236 629267-629328 Sentence denotes We set an alert mechanism in our hospital information system.
T70924 629329-629594 Sentence denotes It provides not only the daily list of the inpatients meeting the inclusion criteria, such as the times of diarrhea more than or equal to five time or the weight of watery diarrhea is more than or equal to 500 g a day, but also advice items and codes automatically.
T8382 629595-629603 Sentence denotes Results:
T90601 629604-629696 Sentence denotes Among 155 samples, 27 were positive for toxins (17.4%) and no NAP/O27 strains were detected.
T99064 629697-629827 Sentence denotes The laboratory sent information to the physicians and the infection control department immediately when positive outcome released.
TextSentencer_T472 629828-629936 Sentence denotes Also, medical information system and nurse information system revealed alert signal for isolation reminding.
TextSentencer_T473 629937-629948 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
TextSentencer_T474 629949-630069 Sentence denotes Patients suspected infected with Clostridium difficile can be diagnosed and treated by rapid molecular biology analysis.
TextSentencer_T475 630070-630281 Sentence denotes At the same time, contact precaution, antibiotic evaluation, and environmental cleaning rules establishment are carried out to control nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection and improve medical care quality.
TextSentencer_T476 630282-630548 Sentence denotes Performance assessment of the automated iCubate platform for identification of gram-positive cocci in flagged blood cultures, including drug-susceptible and resistant isolates Tai and vancomycin (vanA/vanB) resistance associated genes using multiplex PCR technology.
T55822 630549-630557 Sentence denotes Methods:
T25072 630558-630717 Sentence denotes A total of 212 consecutive flagged blood culture bottles with Gram-positive cocci were evaluated using iCubate platform in National Taiwan University Hospital.
T90039 630718-630997 Sentence denotes The results of this platform were compared to the final results of combined culture-based MALDI-TOF/MS identification, minimum inhibitory concentrations (oxacillin and vancomycin), 16S rRNA (species identification) and resistance-associated genes sequencing (mecA and vanA/vanB).
T24979 630998-631006 Sentence denotes Results:
T51094 631007-631265 Sentence denotes After exclusion of 15 (7.1%) samples with processing errors, the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of this platform for identification of Gram-positive cocci species were 87.0% ( Background:
T68952 631266-631438 Sentence denotes Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, particularly E. coli producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and/or carbapenemase causes global public health concern.
T60277 631439-631534 Sentence denotes To date, limited data was available on genetic study of multidrug resistant E. coli in Myanmar.
T24179 631535-631543 Sentence denotes Methods:
T76153 631544-631717 Sentence denotes A total of 390 non-duplicate consecutive isolates of E. coli collected from North Okkalapa General Hospital, in Yangon, Myanmar from January to December 2016, were analyzed.
T16113 631718-631844 Sentence denotes The presence of bla CTX-M , bla TEM , bla SHV was confirmed by a multiplex PCR and their subtypes were assigned by sequencing.
T89536 631845-631911 Sentence denotes Sequence type (ST) was determined based on Achtman scheme of MLST.
T68084 631912-632011 Sentence denotes Carbapenemase genes, virulence factors genes, O25b allele, and aac (6′)-Ib-cr were detected by PCR.
T60134 632012-632086 Sentence denotes MICs against 18 antimicrobials was determined by broth microdilution test.
T74315 632087-632095 Sentence denotes Results:
T45330 632096-632228 Sentence denotes Among all the isolates, ESBL production was confirmed in 173 isolates (44.4%), and 30 isolates (7.8%) were resistant to carbapenems.
T69556 632229-632380 Sentence denotes Among the ESBL-producing E. coli, dominant phylogroup was A (n = 54, 31.2%), followed by D (n = 49, 28.3%), B2 (n = 48, 27.7%), and B1 (n = 22, 12.7%).
T54542 632381-632504 Sentence denotes Half of the isolates (47.4%, 82/173) had aac-6′-Ib-cr gene whereas O25b allele was detected only in phylogroup B2 isolates.
T15761 632505-632563 Sentence denotes A total of 154 (89%) isolates carried CTX-M and/or TEM-1b.
T86904 632564-632748 Sentence denotes CTX-M genes were classified into group 1 (n = 117, 67.6%) and group 9 (n = 9, 5.2%), which were identified as a dminant CTX-M-15 type, and minor CTX-M-55, CTX-M-27, and CTX-M-14 types.
T57899 632749-632825 Sentence denotes Isolates with CTX-M-15 gene were mostly classified into phylogroup B2-ST131.
T53245 632826-632897 Sentence denotes NDM gene was detected in 70% (n = 21) of carbapenem-resistant isolates.
T79684 632898-632979 Sentence denotes Among them, NDM-5 gene was predominant, followed by NDM-4, NDM-7 and NDM-1 genes.
T56156 632980-633089 Sentence denotes NDM gene-positive isolates were classified into various phylogroups/genotypes including B1-ST448 and D-ST405.
T3017 633090-633216 Sentence denotes OXA-181, a variant of OXA-48, was detected in one isolate each from urine and wound swab which belonged to phylogroup A-ST410.
T76954 633217-633296 Sentence denotes ST131-B2 clone poccessed more virulence factors than NDM genepositive isolates.
T80868 633297-633308 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T90405 633309-633488 Sentence denotes Our study revealed high rate of ESBL-producing E. coli classified into O25b-ST131-B2 and ST405-D, and emergence of carbapenem-resistant isolates with various NDM genes in Myanmar.
T31512 633489-633678 Sentence denotes Analysis on distribution features and drug resistance of clinically isolated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a regional hospital of central Taiwan An-Chi Chen, Yao-Shen Tung, Yui-Yein Yang.
T36106 633679-633865 Sentence denotes Background: S. maltophilia is naturally resistant to many broadspectrum antibiotics that is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing respiratory, bloodstream, and urinary infections.
T3687 633866-634021 Sentence denotes Hospitalized patients and receiving treatment for other conditions may be susceptible to infection, especially those with severely impaired immune systems.
T6296 634022-634171 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to collect samples of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in order to determine drug sensitivity and epidemiological features.
T13583 634172-634180 Sentence denotes Methods:
T21474 634181-634353 Sentence denotes Epidemiologic data were obtained from 158 strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia collected between January 2014 and December 2015 in a regional hospital in central Taiwan.
T91757 634354-634472 Sentence denotes Fullyautomatic microorganism identification and drug sensitivity analysis was conducted using Phoenix 100 System (BD).
T64641 634473-634481 Sentence denotes Results:
T2568 634482-634638 Sentence denotes A total of 158 strains of S. maltophilia were obtained from 22 outpatients (13.9%), 53 (33.5%) in the general wards, 83 (52.5%) in the intensive care units.
T53967 634639-634739 Sentence denotes In terms of gender, 91 of the patients were male (58%), the remaining 67 patients were female (42%).
T19522 634740-634891 Sentence denotes The sources of samples were sputum (N = 99, 62.7%), wound (N = 32, 20.2%), blood (N = 12, 8%), urine (N = 7, 4%); bile (N = 3, 1%)and other(N = 5, 3%).
T64254 634892-635079 Sentence denotes The resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates to Ceftazidime (CAZ), Levofloxacin (LVX), Sulfamethoxazole (SXT) were resistance rate was 77.8%, 25.9%, 19.6 respectively (Fig 1) .
T551 635080-635364 Sentence denotes The results showed that S. maltophilia had a high rate of separation from hospitalization, and prevention should focus on the cleanliness of the hospital, disinfection of the equipment and the handwashing of the staff in order to reduce the infection rate of the nosocomial infection.
T81266 635365-635516 Sentence denotes The drug sensitivity of S. maltophilia should be monitored and analyzed to assist the clinical Physicians choose a reasonable treatment of antibiotics.
T20598 635517-635907 Sentence denotes Demographic characteristics of patients infected with Carbapenem Susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii (CSAB) and Carbapenems Resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) with or without Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) isolates in a regional teaching hospital in Southern Taiwan Yi-Ping Chen 1 , Po-Liang Lu 2 , Chun-Chi Huang 1 , Jeng-Yih Wu 1 , Chen-Min Kuo 1 , Tung-Nan Liao 3 , Ko Background:
T2868 635908-636011 Sentence denotes Overuse of antibiotics in health-care institutes had led to emergence of resistant pathogens in Taiwan.
T29975 636012-636234 Sentence denotes While the prevalence of multidrug resistant organism were closely monitored in the hospitals in Taiwan, the prevalence of colonization with these organisms in the community, especially among the adults, is largely unknown.
T91435 636235-636561 Sentence denotes This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing or carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) among healthy adults in the community in Taiwan.
T19189 636562-636570 Sentence denotes Methods:
T39788 636571-636709 Sentence denotes Between March 2017 and May 2017, a prospective, observational study was conducted at National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch.
T18624 636710-636791 Sentence denotes Nasal swabs, anal swabs (or stools) were collected from healthy adult volunteers.
T89674 636792-636929 Sentence denotes Bacterial culture and identification were performed using selective culture medium assisted with Vitek-2 bacterial identification system.
T78325 636930-637018 Sentence denotes A standardized case record form was used to collect demographic data of the paricipants.
T84702 637019-637027 Sentence denotes Results:
T14326 637028-637068 Sentence denotes A total of 44 paricipants were included.
T97607 637069-637104 Sentence denotes Their average age was 45 years old.
T83734 637105-637138 Sentence denotes The male to female ratio was 1:1.
T51799 637139-637220 Sentence denotes The most common chonic cormobidities of the paricipants was hepatitris B (13.6%).
T82260 637221-637332 Sentence denotes 54.5% of paricipants had travelled abroad, and 25% of them had exposed to antibiotics in the previous one year.
T72584 637333-637395 Sentence denotes Among them, the prevelance of nasal carriage of MRSA was 6.8%.
T92762 637396-637525 Sentence denotes The prevelance of stool carriage of cefotaxime non-susceptible and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli was 25% and 18%, respectively.
T13848 637526-637588 Sentence denotes No carbapenem-resistant enterobactereciae or VRE was isolated.
T30603 637589-637600 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T85292 637601-637748 Sentence denotes A high rate of colonization with Escherichia coli carrying cefotaxime non-susceptibility or ESBL was found among Taiwanese adults in the community.
T29657 637749-637828 Sentence denotes On the contrary, no carbapenem-resistant enterobactereciae or VRE was detected.
T94519 637829-637894 Sentence denotes The prevelance rate of nasal carriage of MRSA remains stationary.
T72303 637895-638113 Sentence denotes The plasmid-mediated fosfomycin resistance determinants and synergy of fosfomycin and meropenem in carbapenemresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Taiwan Tsung-Ying Yang 1 , Ting-Yin Wang 1 , Sung-Pin Tseng 1,2 ,
T59627 638114-638122 Sentence denotes Methods:
T7972 638123-638240 Sentence denotes 642 CRKP clinical isolates were collected from a nationwide surveillance study (16 hospitals) in Taiwan in 2012-2013.
T81067 638241-638288 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined.
T65343 638289-638337 Sentence denotes PFGE and MLST determined the clonal relatedness.
T42927 638338-638465 Sentence denotes Carbapenemases and fosfomycinases genes were detected by PCR, and their flanking regions were determined by PCR and sequencing.
T58638 638466-638556 Sentence denotes Synergistic activity of meropenem with fosfomycin was examined by the checkerboard method.
T85844 638557-638565 Sentence denotes Results:
T33955 638566-638630 Sentence denotes In total, 36.4% (234/642) of CRKP isolates in Taiwan Conclusion:
T47775 638631-638738 Sentence denotes A clone ( pulsotype XXIII, ST11) has been found to be prevailing among fosfomycin-resistant CRKP in Taiwan.
T75802 638739-638851 Sentence denotes According to the in vitro data, the combination of fosfomycin and meropenem is a potentially alternative choice.
T71127 638852-639034 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial susceptibility to various antibiotics against Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from urine in Japan Koichi Takahashi 1,2 *, Tetsuro Muratani 1,3 , Jun-ichi Ohno 1 .
T28502 639035-639115 Sentence denotes 1 IHibiki AMR Laboratory, Kitakyushu, Japan, 2 Fukuoka Shin Mizumaki Hospital, 3
T64736 639117-639128 Sentence denotes Background:
T39126 639129-639244 Sentence denotes Staphylococcus saprophyticus is one of major uropathogens that causes acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
T37973 639245-639360 Sentence denotes However, few data about antimicrobial susceptibility against S. saprophyticus isolates in Japan have been reported.
T55448 639361-639462 Sentence denotes We investigated the susceptibility to various antibiotics against S. saprophyticus isolated in Japan.
T87759 639463-639471 Sentence denotes Methods:
T92661 639472-639603 Sentence denotes A total of 230 non-duplicate S. saprophyticus isolated from urine in the period from 2011 to 2016 in Japan were used in this study.
T7060 639604-639745 Sentence denotes The MICs of various antimicrobials against the isolates were determined by the two-fold serial agar dilution method as described by the CLSI.
T34996 639746-639843 Sentence denotes The resistant isolates to antimicrobials were basically interpreted according to CLSI breakpoint.
T4932 639844-639916 Sentence denotes The mecApositive isolates were determined by PCR using specific primers.
T5618 639917-639925 Sentence denotes Results:
T63134 639926-639990 Sentence denotes The isolates from female patients accounted for 93.5% (215/230).
T72339 639991-640107 Sentence denotes The isolates from male patients were not isolated in 2011 to 2013, however, in 2014 to 2016 they accounted for 8.9%.
T78514 640108-640201 Sentence denotes 81.4% of isolates from female patients were isolated from patients of less than 50 years old.
T31948 640202-640298 Sentence denotes In contrast, the isolates from male patients of less than 50 years old accounted for only 33.3%.
T82030 640299-640351 Sentence denotes Monomicrobial infection accounted for 87.0% (female:
T96912 640352-640364 Sentence denotes 89.3%, male:
T47064 640365-640372 Sentence denotes 53.3%).
T44896 640373-640423 Sentence denotes Betalactamase were not detected from all isolates.
T59453 640424-640471 Sentence denotes The mecA-positive isolates accounted for 15.2%.
T44164 640472-640612 Sentence denotes In 2011 In , 2012 In , 2013 In , 2014 In , 2015 In , and 2016 , the ratio of mecA-positive isolates were 6.7, 5.3, 0, 18.3, 17.2, and 23.5%.
T43099 640613-640718 Sentence denotes The ratios of mecA-positive isolates from female patients and it from male patients were 13.0% and 46.7%.
T95050 640719-640832 Sentence denotes The MICs of oxacillin against mecA-positive and negative isolates were ranged 2 to >128 mg/L and 0.016 to 2 mg/L.
T26886 640833-640945 Sentence denotes The isolates with MIC 2 mg/L to oxacillin existed 2 strains, one was mecA-negative, the other was mecA-positive.
T80096 640946-641098 Sentence denotes There were no isolates resistant to levofloxacin (0.008-1 mg/L), minocycline (0.004-0.25 mg/L), vancomycin (0.12-4 mg/L), and teicoplanin (0.12-8 mg/L).
T65600 641099-641247 Sentence denotes The resistant ratios to clarithromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, fofomycin, and sufamethoxazole/trimethoprim were 29.6, 30.0, 2.6, 48.7, and 0.9%.
T46887 641248-641259 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T87220 641260-641338 Sentence denotes In Japan, the mecA-positive S. saprophyticus have emerged and been increasing.
T84407 641339-641418 Sentence denotes The ratio of it accounted for 15.2%, especially in 2016 it accounted for 23.5%.
T72514 641419-641566 Sentence denotes In Japan, the increase of mecA-positive S. saprophyticus isolates is not clinical problem of chemotherapy because fluoroquinoles have no resistant.
T22652 641567-641677 Sentence denotes However, it is considered that we have to continue survey of antimicrobial susceptibility in S. saprophyticus.
T5557 641678-641830 Sentence denotes Epidemiological analysis of drug resistant bacteria from 2015 to 2017: an experience from a regional teaching hospital in Hsin-Chu Hui Min Fan 1 , Ya I.
T81009 641831-641893 Sentence denotes Hsiao 1 , Yu Tin Cheng 1 , Yu Shan Huang 2 , Yi Shun Chen 1 *.
T21615 641894-642031 Sentence denotes 1 Laboratory Medicine Department, 2 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, ROC Background:
T80601 642032-642285 Sentence denotes Since our hospital joined the antibiotic stewardship program in 2015, we had been focusing on reducing the contamination rate of clinical specimens, monitoring the prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria, and promoting the proper use of antibiotics.
T62025 642286-642390 Sentence denotes For these purposes, we set up quality indicators and underwent internal discussions and staff trainings.
T3371 642391-642542 Sentence denotes By analyzing the isolation rates of drug-resistant bacteria for the past two years, we evaluate the effectiveness of infection control in our hospital.
T20534 642543-642545 Sentence denotes 1.
T12251 642546-642858 Sentence denotes Investigation of 4 drug-resistant bacteria with clinical significance to healthcare-associated infections, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycinresistant Enterococcus (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobactoriaceae (CRE).
T44086 642859-642861 Sentence denotes 2.
T41583 642862-642994 Sentence denotes By using the Whonet system and working with our IT (Information Technology) department, a statistical report format was constructed.
T13595 642995-643127 Sentence denotes We could analyze the isolation rates and trend of drug-resistant pattern of the above bacteria from January, 2015 to February, 2017.
T66934 643128-643130 Sentence denotes 3.
T52658 643131-643353 Sentence denotes The analyzed results were reported and tracked in group meetings regularly held by our infection control committee to provide timely and effective clinical information to our infection control practitioners and physicians.
T56556 643354-643362 Sentence denotes Results:
T69107 643363-643484 Sentence denotes The isolation rates of 4 multi-drug resistant bacteria are as follows respectively: MRSA, between 27.7% and 55.3% (means:
T38533 643485-643534 Sentence denotes 47.4%); CRAB, reduced from 71.8% to 33.3% (means:
T99642 643535-643542 Sentence denotes 44.0%).
T59564 643543-643615 Sentence denotes Both the annual isolation rates of MRSA and CRAB declined significantly.
T91134 643616-643676 Sentence denotes The isolation rates of CRE dropped from 5.4% to 3.3% (means:
T35343 643677-643700 Sentence denotes 4.0%), with flat trend.
T93575 643701-643750 Sentence denotes However, VRE increased from 1.9% to 23.9% (means:
T87755 643751-643788 Sentence denotes 13.0%), which showed an upward trend.
T33305 643789-643800 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T88619 643801-643881 Sentence denotes The trend analysis of MRSA, CRAB and CRE indicated successful infection control.
T10078 643882-644058 Sentence denotes However, the increased isolation rate of VRE highlighted the need to reinforce further monitoring of VRE infection, which is the key point of infection control in our hospital.
T46207 644059-644182 Sentence denotes Epidemiological analysis of multi-drug resistant pathogens could assist clinicians in choosing the appropriate antibiotics.
T59341 644183-644371 Sentence denotes By this analysis, a decrease of multi-drug resistant microorganisms, improved patient survival, a better quality of care, as well as the reduction of medical expense would all be expected.
T28172 644372-644521 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from otorrhea of chronic suppurative otitis media patients Yee-Hyuk Kim.
T46865 644522-644639 Sentence denotes Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
T34602 644640-644651 Sentence denotes Background:
T24462 644652-644849 Sentence denotes Knowing the bacteria that cause chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the causative bacteria is important in the use of antibiotics as a primary treatment.
T50275 644850-644858 Sentence denotes Methods:
T47652 644859-645040 Sentence denotes This study was conducted retrospectively, from March 2011 to February 2017, at the tertiary hospital in Korea using the medical records of 488 patients with otorrhea caused by CSOM.
T53229 645041-645049 Sentence denotes Results:
T59669 645050-645140 Sentence denotes The most commonly identified bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus (164 participants, 33.6%).
T68744 645141-645232 Sentence denotes Of the 164 cases, 60.0% (98 cases) were Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
T33315 645233-645310 Sentence denotes The MRSA in 1 case was resistant to Vancomycin and 97 cases were susceptible.
T34020 645311-645411 Sentence denotes Seven cases were resistant to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and 91 cases were susceptible.
T44013 645412-645474 Sentence denotes MRSA had the highest sensitivity to TMP-SMX except Vancomycin.
T20291 645475-645571 Sentence denotes The second most frequently identified bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (109 patients, 22.3%).
T95653 645572-645668 Sentence denotes Of these 109 cases, 54.1% (59 cases) were Ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA).
T91651 645669-645738 Sentence denotes CRPA were highly susceptible to Ceftazidime, Amikacin, and Meropenem.
T21481 645739-645838 Sentence denotes In 28.1% of patients (137 cases), the remaining bacteria were detected except for the two bacteria.
T55458 645839-645955 Sentence denotes No growth was found in 16% of patients, which may be due to antibiotic use before arriving at the tertiary hospital.
T67121 645956-646029 Sentence denotes Conclusion: MRSA was the most susceptible to TMP-SMX among oral medicine.
T72625 646030-646113 Sentence denotes Therefore, TMP-SMX may be a preferential treatment for MRSA in outpatient settings.
T65413 646114-646163 Sentence denotes CRPA showed the lowest resistance to Ceftazidime.
T54271 646164-646273 Sentence denotes Because no suitable oral antibiotic exists for CRPA, inpatient treatment should be considered in these cases.
T67871 646274-646285 Sentence denotes Background:
T79498 646286-646595 Sentence denotes Previous studies have suggested that sequence type 59 (ST59) predominates among borderline-oxacillin resistant mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA) (minimum inhibitory concentrations of oxacillin, 0.5-4 μg/mL) isolates, and clinical data related to bacteremia caused by BORSA ST45 isolates are limited.
T70021 646596-646604 Sentence denotes Methods:
T58588 646605-646782 Sentence denotes Patients (age >15 years) with bacteremia due to BORSA who were admitted to the emergency department in a tertiary hospital between January 2001 and December 2015 were evaluated.
T70657 646783-646921 Sentence denotes Clinical characteristics of patients with bacteremia caused by BORSA, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and MRSA bacteremia were compared.
T87176 646922-647005 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined using the agar dilution method.
T1768 647006-647136 Sentence denotes Genetic characteristics of all BORSA isolates were analyzed using typing of the SCCmec gene and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
T7664 647137-647243 Sentence denotes Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed to identify the clonality of the emerging ST type isolates.
T36620 647244-647403 Sentence denotes The promoter region sequence and quinolone-resistant genes were also analyzed for all BORSA isolates and the major ciprofloxacin resistant clone, respectively.
T9305 647404-647412 Sentence denotes Results:
T38457 647413-647588 Sentence denotes Among the 65 patients with bacteremia due to BORSA, the in-hospital mortality was 24.6%, significantly lower than that of bacteremic patients caused by MRSA (38.5%, P = 0.03).
T20646 647589-647709 Sentence denotes The underlying conditions were similar between BORSA and MRSA patients, but with less dialysis of the former (P = 0.01).
T97525 647710-647974 Sentence denotes Multivariate analysis revealed that septic shock (odds ratio, 15.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-180.89) and bacteremia originating from lower respiratory tract infection (OR, 5.78; 95% CI, 1.10-30.28) were two independent risk factors for 30-day mortality.
T19965 647975-648117 Sentence denotes Multidrug resistant ST45 with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (MICs range, 8-128 μg/mL) replaced ST59 as the predominant clone since 2012.
T82433 648118-648168 Sentence denotes No major clustering of ST45 isolates was detected.
T4363 648169-648180 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T87314 648181-648313 Sentence denotes Clinical presentations and underlying condition of BORSA and MRSA bacteremia patients were similar, with lower inhospital mortality.
T94786 648314-648413 Sentence denotes The emerging multidrug resistant ST45 clone has replaced ST59 as the most common in BORSA isolates.
T13539 648414-648795 Sentence denotes Repeat HIV testing and early HIV diagnosis among clients attending voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) clinics in Wuxi, China 2013-2015: a retrospective cohort study Xiaojun Meng 1 , Wenjuan Ma 1 , Xuan Zhang 1 , Hao Cheng 1 , Jing Gu 1 , Andrew Grulich 2 , Huachun Zou 2,3 *. (3.7, 2.7-4.9 ), injection drug use (9.9, 6.5-15.1)] and having ever tested for HIV (2.0, 1.6-2.4) .
T9729 648796-648890 Sentence denotes The overall rate of incident HIV diagnosis among all VCT clients was 1.6 per 100 person-years.
T51853 648891-648989 Sentence denotes Incident HIV diagnosis was associated with male gender (adjusting hazard ratio: aHR = 8.5, 95% CI:
T99062 648990-649101 Sentence denotes 1.9-38.1), attending hospital-based VCT clinics (7.8, 1.1-58.3) and male-male sexual behaviors (8.4, 1.5-46.7).
T29754 649102-649335 Sentence denotes Higher CD4+ T cell count was observed among cases diagnosed at VCT clinics based at a local center for disease control and prevention compared to those based at other clinical services (median 407 versus 326 copies/mm 3 , p = 0.003).
T55981 649336-649347 Sentence denotes Background:
T29551 649348-649504 Sentence denotes In Japan, the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in 2010, and the PCV7 was replaced with the 13valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) in 2013.
T42844 649505-649702 Sentence denotes Our previous study on non-invasive pneumococcal disease (non-IPD) in outpatients among children demonstrated an increase of non-PCV13 serotypes from 39.7% in 2011 to 75.1% in the PCV13 period (Nov.
T44513 649703-649715 Sentence denotes 2013 to Nov.
T63732 649716-649722 Sentence denotes 2014 .
T83406 649723-649859 Sentence denotes The present study aimed to investigate serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibilities of S. pneumoniae among children in 2016.
T10093 649860-649868 Sentence denotes Methods:
T66404 649869-650105 Sentence denotes From May to November 2016, a total of 678 pneumococcal isolates were collected from noninvasive infections in pediatric outpatient (<16 years) who visited various hospitals and clinics throughout Hokkaido, northern main island of Japan.
T29715 650106-650170 Sentence denotes All isolates were serotyped by sequential multiplex PCR methods.
T61641 650171-650277 Sentence denotes After the PCRs, additional genetic subtyping for serogroups 6 and 15 was performed as reported previously.
T94469 650278-650446 Sentence denotes Susceptibilities to 18 antimicrobials were measured by broth microdilution method using "Dry Plate, Eiken" for all isolates of dominant serotypes 15A, 35B, 15C and 23A.
T49818 650447-650455 Sentence denotes Results:
T21971 650456-650636 Sentence denotes Among the isolates, the prevailing serotypes were non-PCV13 serotypes 15A (14.5%), 35B (11.8%), 15C (9.3%), 23A (9.0%), 10A, 15B, 11A, and 34, accounting for 74.3% of all isolates.
T55265 650637-650694 Sentence denotes In total, 87.9% of the isolates were non-PCV13 serotypes.
T13537 650695-650823 Sentence denotes The nonsusceptibility rates to penicillin among serotype 23A, 15A, 35B, and 15C were 100%, 96.9%, 81.3%, and 7.9%, respectively.
T8397 650824-650945 Sentence denotes Most of the isolates with serotypes 15A, 35B, 15C, and 23A (≥91.3%) were nonsusceptible to erythromycin and tetracycline.
T31060 650946-651042 Sentence denotes High rates of cefotaxime non-susceptibility were found in serotypes 15A (65.3%) and 35B (82.6%).
T58559 651043-651115 Sentence denotes All the isolates examined were susceptible to vancomycin and quinolones.
T92422 651116-651127 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T26159 651128-651317 Sentence denotes Our present study indicated further increase of nonvaccine serotypes following the use of conjugate vaccines, associated with increase of antimicrobial resistance in the dominant serotypes.
T63168 651318-651329 Sentence denotes Background:
T51302 651330-651457 Sentence denotes Cellulitis is usually caused by indigenous flora colonzing on the skin and appendages, such as Staphylococcus or streptococcus.
T4528 651458-651556 Sentence denotes However, in absence of abscess or open wound, it is difficult to establish the bacterial etiology.
T94348 651557-651625 Sentence denotes We usually prescribe antibiotics basing on local epidemiologic data.
T84821 651626-651902 Sentence denotes In recent few years, community-acquired MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) increases gradually in Taiwan, whether antibiotics against MRSA and MSSA (methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus) should be prescribed at the same time become a clinical dilemma.
T65949 651903-652079 Sentence denotes Herein, we conduct a study to establish epidemiologic data and evaluates the association between treatment response and nasal carriage status in adult patients with cellulitis.
T83395 652080-652088 Sentence denotes Methods:
T33719 652089-652159 Sentence denotes Patients, aged over 20, with diagnosis of cellulitis will be enrolled.
T5843 652160-652286 Sentence denotes Nasal swab, clinical samples and information will be collected and sent to further microbiologic culture and susceptible test.
T34767 652287-652295 Sentence denotes Results:
T51305 652296-652390 Sentence denotes Totally 89 patients were included in the two-year consecutive prospective observational study.
T35845 652391-652565 Sentence denotes The nasal swab surveillance showed 74 (83%) patients without S. aureus colonization, 11 (12.4%) patients with S. aureus colonization, and 4 (4.5%) patients colonized by MRSA.
T94247 652566-652711 Sentence denotes No specific background factors, such as age, underlying disease, patients' sources and so on, can be identified to predict their carriage status.
T33355 652712-652986 Sentence denotes The four patients with MRSA colonization, none of them was given anti-MRSA antibiotics empirically but their clinical response, including days of antibiotics and days of hospitalization, have no different from those with MSSA colonization and without S. aureus colonization.
T39628 652987-653100 Sentence denotes However, once the pus formation, we noted the pus culture result was correlated with their nasal carriage status.
T39131 653101-653195 Sentence denotes The limitation of our study was small case number in patient group of nasal MRSA colonization.
T84643 653196-653207 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T30835 653208-653296 Sentence denotes In Taiwan, MRSA nasal carriage rate is not high (4.5%) in adult patient with cellulitis.
T83696 653297-653392 Sentence denotes No specific factor can be identified to predict a MRSA nasal carrier in this group of patients.
T75296 653393-653565 Sentence denotes However, whether a patient is a nasal MRSA carrier or not, there is no different in their treatment response to antibiotics, empiric antibiotics against MRSA is not needed.
T33516 653566-653577 Sentence denotes Background:
T2764 653578-653723 Sentence denotes Carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp) have been recognized in healthcare settings and pose a serious threat to hospitalized patients.
T72041 653724-653787 Sentence denotes CRKp is resistant to almost all available antimicrobial agents.
T32905 653788-653888 Sentence denotes Mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems involves the production of carbapenemase and loss of porins.
T64262 653889-653965 Sentence denotes However, the types of carbapenemase involved varies from country to country.
T96826 653966-654081 Sentence denotes Previously, CRKp isolated in 2013 from a tertiary hospital in Malaysia have been characterized (Low et al., 2017) .
T63356 654082-654241 Sentence denotes In this study, we aimed to determine the changing trends of genotypic characteristics of CRKp by comparing the isolates from 2014 with the published 2013 data.
T81373 654242-654250 Sentence denotes Methods:
T3002 654251-654344 Sentence denotes A total of 18 CRKp isolates from 2014 were collected from the diagnostic lab in the hospital.
T30900 654345-654481 Sentence denotes Presence of carbapenemase genes and outer membrane protein (OMP) in 2014 isolates were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
T32745 654482-654547 Sentence denotes The isolates were subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
T16335 654548-654676 Sentence denotes The results obtained for 2014 isolates were compared with the published data on 17 CRKp isolated in 2013 from the same hospital.
T70270 654677-654783 Sentence denotes All isolates from 2014 and the isolates published in Low et al. (2017) were the first isolate per patient.
T63034 654784-655021 Sentence denotes In addition, in this study, the clonal complex of related isolates was defined by eBURST based on the assigned sequence types for 2014 isolates in this study and the sequence types for 2013 isolates in previous study (Low et al., 2017) .
T41424 655022-655188 Sentence denotes Results: NDM was the most common carbapenemase gene detected among the 2014 isolates and majority of the NDM producing isolates were co-producing other carbapenemase.
T57897 655189-655240 Sentence denotes Loss of porin was detected in 5 isolates from 2014.
T13137 655241-655387 Sentence denotes Compared to the previous study, the number of NDM in this hospital was significantly increased from only 1 isolate in 2013 to 12 isolates in 2014.
T59893 655388-655495 Sentence denotes Overall, increasing numbers of carbapenemase coproducing isolates over the 2-year period had been observed.
T1917 655496-655614 Sentence denotes In addition, 9 sequence types with 3 new sequence types (ST2198, ST 2199, ST2200) were identified among 2014 isolates.
T78690 655615-655720 Sentence denotes Similar to previous findings on 2013 isolates, ST101 was predominant in 2014, followed by ST147 and ST11.
T56611 655721-655896 Sentence denotes Finally, based on the eBURST analysis, the isolates from 2014 have been grouped into two clonal complexes while all 8 sequence types of 2013 isolates appeared to be singleton.
T36973 655897-655908 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T61300 655909-655966 Sentence denotes High heterogeneity among the isolated CRKp were observed.
T74087 655967-656115 Sentence denotes The increasing cases of CRKp in this hospital might be due to the emergence of CRKp harboring various carbapenemases coupled with the loss of porin.
T13550 656116-656241 Sentence denotes Analysis of Salmonella strains in 2016single hospital experience Chia-Chun Tsaz, Li-Chiu Weng, Pei-Ling Lien, Chi-Ching Chen.
T75446 656242-656253 Sentence denotes Background:
T81523 656254-656313 Sentence denotes Salmonella is one of the main causes of diarrheal diseases.
T44849 656314-656506 Sentence denotes In general, humans contracted it from consumption of contaminated food by manure of animal origin (eggs, meat, poultry, and milk) or vegetables, which have been implicated in its transmission.
T15639 656507-656606 Sentence denotes It is usually characterized by acute onset of fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.
T65416 656607-656690 Sentence denotes Most cases of salmonellosis are mild; however, sometimes it can be lifethreatening.
T2439 656691-656774 Sentence denotes Salmonella is a gram negative rods genus belonging to the Enterobactericeae family.
T23347 656775-656851 Sentence denotes In the genus, Salmonella, more than 2,500 serotype are currently recognized.
T26592 656852-656989 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial resistance is a public health concern and Salmonella is one of the microorganisms in which some resistant has been emerged.
T60730 656990-657110 Sentence denotes So we analyzed 284 strains of Salmonella, to understand its serum group, specimen source, antimicrobial drug resistance.
T32303 657111-657119 Sentence denotes Methods:
T54511 657120-657214 Sentence denotes A total of 284 strains of Salmonella were isolated from the clinical specimen of the patients.
T61981 657215-657255 Sentence denotes The analysis was done from 2016 samples.
T63891 657256-657488 Sentence denotes Salmonella grouping, analysis of 284 strains of Salmonella, type B has 85 strains (30%), type C has 66 strains (23%), type D has 83 strains (29%), E type has 47 strains (17%), unidentified (non-PolyA-I & Vi) type has 3 strains (1%).
T66215 657489-657622 Sentence denotes 284 strains of Salmonella is isolated from bile, blood, pus, feces and urine, which account for 88% of feces, 8% blood, and 2% urine.
T28278 657623-657775 Sentence denotes We analyzed a routine antibiotic susceptibility testing of ampicillin/sulbactam, ceftriaxone, ertapenem,imipenem, levofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfame.
T7709 657776-658011 Sentence denotes Ampicillin/sulbactam had 55% susceptibility, ceftriaxone had 69% susceptibility, ertapenem had 100% susceptibility, Imipenem had 100% susceptibility, levofloxacin had 70% susceptibility, and trimethoprim/sulfame had 69% susceptibility.
T83053 658012-658023 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T82507 658024-658389 Sentence denotes O antigen group of Salmonella, found to have various types, not more often type have been separated, they mainly isolated from the feces, and in the antibiotic susceptibility test part of the carbapenem class (Imipenem, Imipenem) has 100% susceptibile, fluoquinolone drugs (levofloxacin) has 70% susceptibile, other drug also has more than 50% susceptibile testing.
T45425 658390-658452 Sentence denotes Salmonella is one of the most common causes of food poisoning.
T45835 658453-658550 Sentence denotes Symptoms of salmonellosis are mild and patients recover without specific treatment in most cases.
T14397 658551-658655 Sentence denotes However, in children and elderly patients, the associated dehydration become severe and lifethreatening.
T64927 658656-658754 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial resistance of salmonella have emerged,the right antibiotic choice is very important.
T2618 658755-658868 Sentence denotes Improving the condition in operation rooms Fu-Chieh Chang 1 , Hsueh-Wen Wu 2 , Li-Lin Kuo 2 , Chang-Pan Liu 1,3 .
T65255 658869-658880 Sentence denotes Background:
T46110 658881-658984 Sentence denotes The HOCl was a weak acid which can production anions then interacted to the cell wall or cell membrane.
T48996 658985-659102 Sentence denotes Once this acid interacted to the pathogen, it will destroy the structure of pathogen then the osmolality will change.
T93088 659103-659134 Sentence denotes Finally, the pathogen will die.
T29557 659135-659223 Sentence denotes So, in this study, we wanted to know the really effect of HOCl killed pathogen in vitro.
T9498 659224-659232 Sentence denotes Methods:
T93716 659233-659298 Sentence denotes In this study, we used the Acinetobacter baumannii as a pathogen.
T55094 659299-659404 Sentence denotes In the begging, we transferred Acinetobacter baumannii to normal saline, then check the MacFaland to 0.5.
T92642 659405-659480 Sentence denotes We used this suspension and add HOCl, then we used the TSA agar to culture.
T69894 659481-659670 Sentence denotes According to previous studies, these bacteria can live in the surface of hospital over 3 months, and once the staff touch the surface, it would be a chance to infect patient by any actions.
T57367 659671-659752 Sentence denotes That is to say, it's very easy infected by CRAB with imperfect infection control.
T8775 659753-659858 Sentence denotes In this report, we found some error in our hospital that occurred on the action of bronchoscopy operated.
T85671 659859-659867 Sentence denotes Methods:
T62170 659868-659954 Sentence denotes In this Investigation, we collected the five strain CRAB from 5 patients' BAL culture.
T68786 659955-660023 Sentence denotes Then we check all the action of staff who operated the bronchoscopy.
T59683 660024-660115 Sentence denotes Then we used the Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis to check the strain were the same or not.
T34617 660116-660124 Sentence denotes Results:
T26803 660125-660217 Sentence denotes After the investigation, we found the staff did not use the disposable gel for bronchoscopy.
T91423 660218-660260 Sentence denotes It wound be another risking for infection.
T26469 660261-660324 Sentence denotes Otherwise, we found the staff didn't wash their hand correctly.
T13364 660325-660399 Sentence denotes But, thanks to the PFGE, the result showed all the CRAB were not the same.
T79166 660400-660504 Sentence denotes That's to say, these CRABs could live in the surface, and not only one train were presented on this ICU.
T47769 660505-660516 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T38220 660517-660661 Sentence denotes In this case, even the CRAB were not the same, but we still found the possible chance that would cause infection once the staff don't take care.
T49629 660662-660749 Sentence denotes Besides that, we suggested that it's better to use the disposable gel for Bronchoscopy.
T84771 660750-660759 Sentence denotes Table 1 .
T70405 660760-660932 Sentence denotes The ward environment cleaning monitoring took 13 months, the results showed even cleaning and disinfection have been implemented, MDRO still exists in the ward environment.
T10706 660933-661064 Sentence denotes Thus, we provided sanitary unit these data for educational training and ask them to improve their practice on environment cleaning.
T18992 661065-661362 Sentence denotes Besides, Table 1 also showed non-high-risk ward sections was free from MDRO, indicating high-risk ward sections should be regularly monitored, and supervised implementation of environment cleaning and disinfection to ensure better cleanliness in hospital environment and better healthcare quality.
T20477 661363-661550 Sentence denotes The trend of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a regional teaching hospital Among these drug-resistant species, CRAB and CRPA are in the majority.
T28100 661551-661635 Sentence denotes Therefore, this article aim to analyze the trend of CRAB and CRPA in recent 5 years.
T39193 661636-661644 Sentence denotes Methods:
T16586 661645-662051 Sentence denotes The statistic data of antibiotic susceptibility of the gramnegative bacteria regarding to Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from the Medical Information System of the hospital from 2012-2016, and Carbapenem was seen as the index, that is, the percentage of Carbapenem-resistant strain depends on the highest percentage, either of ertapenem-, or of imipenem-resistant strain.
T12913 662052-662060 Sentence denotes Results:
T69005 662061-662313 Sentence denotes Our statistical result showed that during the year 2012-2016, Acinetobacter baumannii were 3137 strains in total; CRAB was 86.9% (81.21%∼90.29%) in average; Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 6,607 strains in total; CRPA was 18.01% (13.89%∼20.82%) in average.
T81126 662314-662372 Sentence denotes We found since 2012, CRAB and CRPA decreased year by year.
T49159 662373-662516 Sentence denotes In 2015 they suddenly raised, yet through infection control interventions, CRAB decreased in 2016 again (the results were listed in Figure 1 ).
T54746 662517-662610 Sentence denotes Conclusion: CRAB showed the highest percentage of antibiotic resistance MDRO in our hospital.
T22768 662611-662720 Sentence denotes In addition to promotion of Antibiotic Stewardship Program, more attention should be paid to MDRO monitoring.
T14360 662721-662824 Sentence denotes Our monitor data were counted and the results were reported in the infection control meeting quarterly.
T24151 662825-663020 Sentence denotes Therefore we were able to find pre-described the trend of raised CRAB in 2015, and immediately took interventions, including contact precautions, arranging areas to place and treat MDRO patients.
T43309 663021-663198 Sentence denotes Besides, the auto messaging system has established in 2015, reminds the healthcare staffs of implementing contact precautions, to facilitate the prevention of MDRO transmission.
T56779 663199-663321 Sentence denotes Cleaning efficacy for contaminated mobile nursing carts Tun-Chieh Chen 1,3 *, Chun-Feng Chiu 1 , Jennifer Nai-Hwa Shih 2 .
T86090 663322-663333 Sentence denotes Background:
T85654 663334-663470 Sentence denotes Mobile nursing cart is a trend for modern nursing practice, which can enhance the working efficiency and reduce the processing mistakes.
T32000 663471-663568 Sentence denotes But the mobile devices might become the media for transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms.
T57941 663569-663806 Sentence denotes This study aims to investigate the adequacy and accessibility of surface disinfection process for nursing cart, which can provide the experience for establishing standard operation processes of environmental cleanliness and disinfection.
T62101 663807-663815 Sentence denotes Methods:
T72060 663816-663818 Sentence denotes 1.
T80042 663819-663916 Sentence denotes We performed surface culture of every mobile nursing cart from 10 highly frequent touched points.
T37001 663917-663919 Sentence denotes 2.
T60279 663920-664080 Sentence denotes We tested the disinfective efficacy of different agents (alcohol or quaternary ammonium based spray or tissue), which determined by surface ATP bioluminescence.
T30932 664081-664083 Sentence denotes 3.
T55625 664084-664206 Sentence denotes We conducted questionnaire from healthcare workers for the convenience and accessibility of different disinfective agents.
T19435 664207-664215 Sentence denotes Results:
T80738 664216-664508 Sentence denotes We yielded 180 microorganisms from total 320 points (56.3%) and there were 62 clinically significant bacteria (19.4%), which followed by the frequency was 14 Enterococcus faecium, 14 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 10 Enterobacter cloacae, 7 Enterococcus faecalis and 7 Acinetobacter baumannii.
T47893 664509-664644 Sentence denotes The efficacy of different disinfective agents were well, which determined by significant decline of ATP value after surface cleaniness.
T91628 664645-664748 Sentence denotes The healthcare workers reported similar convenience and accessibility of diffecent disinfective agents.
T49534 664749-664760 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T5068 664761-664833 Sentence denotes The mobile medical devices are widely used in modern healthcare service.
T45498 664834-664959 Sentence denotes We demonstrated the devices could be the media of bacterial transmission and might result in healthcare associated infection.
T39063 664960-665040 Sentence denotes Alcohol or quaternary ammonium based agent is a suitable agent for this purpose.
T31821 665041-665262 Sentence denotes The small parts of the automatic endoscope reprocessor may cause the positive results of repeated microbiological monitoring of gastrointestinal endoscopes after high-level disinfection Che-Yi Hung 1 *, Shu-Shia Chang 2 .
T37848 665263-665337 Sentence denotes 1 Kuang Tien General Hospital, 2 Kuang Tien General Hospital, Dajia Branch
T4074 665338-665349 Sentence denotes Background:
T89071 665350-665475 Sentence denotes Contaminated endoscopes have been linked to more outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections than any other medical device.
T81239 665476-665575 Sentence denotes Microbiological surveillance may help in monitoring the effectiveness of GI endoscope disinfection.
T78427 665576-665729 Sentence denotes In this study, what caused GI endoscope cleaned and disinfected with the standard procedure but still tested positive for bacterial growth was discussed.
T98052 665730-665738 Sentence denotes Methods:
T87362 665739-665871 Sentence denotes The EW-30 and OER-AW automated endoscope repressors(AERs)(Aizu Olympus Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) were used for endoscope reprocessing.
T30789 665872-665973 Sentence denotes One EW-30 and one OER-AW AERs were used for endoscopes and the other EW-30 was used for colonoscopes.
T78867 665974-666143 Sentence denotes To monitor the quality of gastrointestinal endoscope reprocessing, two endoscopes and one colonoscope were randomly selected for obtaining surveillance cultures monthly.
T96256 666144-666238 Sentence denotes Cultures were obtained by adding 10 ml of sterile water to the biopsy channel of an endoscope.
T92218 666239-666389 Sentence denotes This wash was collected in a sterile container, plated onto blood and Eosin-Methylene Blue agar, incubated at 35°C, and examined for bacterial growth.
T10887 666390-666500 Sentence denotes A fishbone diagram was used to identify possible causes of a problem and to sort ideas into useful categories.
T17326 666501-666509 Sentence denotes Results:
T89005 666510-666585 Sentence denotes A total of 30 cultures were obtained from January to November in year 2016.
T54136 666586-666654 Sentence denotes 8/30 (26.7%) cultures were positive; 7 (87.5%) were from endoscopes.
T3452 666655-666767 Sentence denotes The fishbone diagram showed that the root causes of the positive cultures may be job rotation and old equipment.
T68301 666768-666825 Sentence denotes The reprocessing procedure was altered, with improvement.
T22931 666826-666918 Sentence denotes However, 6 (60.0%) positive cultures were obtained from endoscopes processed with the EW-30.
T59455 666919-667123 Sentence denotes The fact was found that the joints of the water/air channel and the instrument/suction channel in the AER were damaged and could not allow the circulation of the fluid under pressure through the channels.
T6126 667124-667306 Sentence denotes There are different methods used for monitoring environment clean in hospital, include: direct observation, bacterial culture, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay).
T30240 667307-667476 Sentence denotes The purpose of terminal disinfection after patient discharged is to ensure environment clean of ward to keep next patient from infections caused by polluted environment.
T49296 667477-667606 Sentence denotes Thus, a regional teaching hospital apply ATP to evaluate efficacy of monitoring environment cleaning after terminal disinfection.
T31162 667607-667615 Sentence denotes Methods:
T29583 667616-667743 Sentence denotes Two medical ward, 2 surgical ward, Obstetrics ward, and 2 intense care ward sections were selected according to number of beds.
T26380 667744-667823 Sentence denotes Ten to 20 high contact surfaces of each ward sections were chosen for ATP test.
T15392 667824-667923 Sentence denotes Sanitary staffs clean the ward environment with 500 ppm hypochlorous acid after patient discharged.
T85404 667924-668066 Sentence denotes After they cleaned these surfaces 30 minutes to 2 hours later, these surfaces were rubbed for sampling by ATP swab for environment monitoring.
T74480 668067-668075 Sentence denotes Results:
T66959 668076-668223 Sentence denotes There was a total of 100 samples in which RLU values of 5 samples were over 500, thus unqualified rate of ward environment cleaning was 5% (5/100).
T45709 668224-668378 Sentence denotes Refrigerator door handles in surgery ward 5F showed highest RLU (1684); next were EKG monitor keyboard (RLU = 769) and bedside cabinet table surface (RLU:
T68799 668379-668527 Sentence denotes 671) in the medical intense care ward (CCU); then desk drawer beside the bed (RLU = 550) and closet door handles (RLU = 509) in the medical ward 3F.
T18081 668528-668664 Sentence denotes Besides, all 20 surfaces in surgical intense care ward (ICU) showed RLU values < 100, indicating high efficacy of terminal disinfection.
T70700 668665-668700 Sentence denotes RLU values were showed in Table 1 .
T84389 668701-668712 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T22942 668713-668851 Sentence denotes Some environmental surfaces in the monitoring showed unqualified cleanliness, which means clean work have not been thoroughly implemented.
T84789 668852-669038 Sentence denotes We provided sanitary unit these data for educational training and ask them to improve their practice to these high-RLU environmental surfaces, which help making environment clean better.
T47717 669039-669102 Sentence denotes Clean environment is associated with better healthcare quality.
T51383 669103-669190 Sentence denotes In general, regularly monitoring environment clean is necessary, either method is used.
T59529 669191-669271 Sentence denotes Correlation between first line anti-tuberculosis drugs and hepatitis Background:
T12529 669272-669377 Sentence denotes According to American Society for Microbiology, blood culture contamination rate should be lower than 3%.
T51931 669378-669515 Sentence denotes Bacteriological laboratory of a regional teaching hospital set 3% as threshold and monitors blood culture contamination rate every month.
T29385 669516-669649 Sentence denotes The average blood culture contamination rate from July to September, 2016 was 3.6% (3.1-4.0%) which was higher than the threshold 3%.
T17274 669650-669713 Sentence denotes We further analyzed all causes and made a critical examination.
T11032 669714-669763 Sentence denotes The possible causes were as follows: (1) Results:
T96649 669764-669885 Sentence denotes Blood culture contamination rates of November and December were 1.6% and 2.6%, respectively, and both were lower than 3%.
T88953 669886-669988 Sentence denotes Monthly monitoring and quarterly evaluation of collecting blood culture samples were being carried on.
T35633 669989-670000 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T36123 670001-670159 Sentence denotes Blood culture report provides an important basis for physicians to recognize pathogens result in blood infections and prescribe drugs for effective treatment.
T49206 670160-670364 Sentence denotes Through operating appropriate sample colleting skills helps reducing blood culture contamination rate, and providing correct result to ensure accuracy of laboratory report and increase healthcare quality.
T7132 670365-670564 Sentence denotes Application of fluorescent marker with quantitative bioburden methods: for cleanliness assessment I-Chen Hung 1 , Hao-Yuan Chang 2 , An-Chi Chen 1 , Ling Ting 1 , Yeur-Hur Lai 1 , Wang-Huei Sheng 1 .
T47131 670565-670632 Sentence denotes 1 National Taiwan University Hospital, 2 National Taiwan University
T95519 670633-670644 Sentence denotes Background:
T43675 670645-670755 Sentence denotes Improvement of environmental cleaning in hospitals has been shown to decrease cross-transmission of pathogens.
T63585 670756-670939 Sentence denotes Several objective methods, including aerobic colony counts (ACCs), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay and fluorescent marker were developed for cleanliness assessment.
T23220 670940-671033 Sentence denotes However, few published data are available regarding the interpretation of fluorescent marker.
T10742 671034-671042 Sentence denotes Methods:
T88633 671043-671129 Sentence denotes This study was conducted a prospective survey of a stratified sampling in 2 hospitals.
T29423 671130-671243 Sentence denotes The same 10 high-touch surfaces were tested after terminal cleaning, using fluorescent marker, ATP assay and ACC.
T84031 671244-671383 Sentence denotes The surfaces with fluorescent marker of our evaluation defined totally cleaning, partially cleaning (1/4 to 3/4 residual gel), no cleaning.
T49098 671384-671525 Sentence denotes The benchmark clean criteria of ATP and ACC were <500 relative light units (RLU) and <100 colony forming units (CFU)/100 cm 2 , respectively.
T72840 671526-671534 Sentence denotes Results:
T67710 671535-671727 Sentence denotes Of the 830 high-touch surfaces, 321 (38.7%) surfaces were totally cleaning according to fluorescent marker, 84 (10.1%) surfaces were partially cleaning, 425 (51.2%) surfaces were not cleaning.
T84622 671728-671838 Sentence denotes Respectively, 66.7% and 91.4% of ATP and ACC assessment were considered clean according to each test standard.
T56833 671839-672008 Sentence denotes The surfaces with fluorescent marker totally cleaning group had significant lower ATP value and ACC value than partially cleaning group and no cleaning group (Table 1) .
T45516 672009-672111 Sentence denotes And totally cleaning group had significant higher ATP clean rate and ACC clean rate than other groups.
T3127 672112-672171 Sentence denotes Totally cleaning vs no cleaning significance at P < 0.0001.
T1852 672172-672306 Sentence denotes Our evaluation provide the surfaces with fluorescent marker totally cleaning could offer objective standards for hospital cleanliness.
T755 672307-672396 Sentence denotes Strengthen the reliable wipe off of high-touch surfaces can improve the cleaning quality.
T73126 672397-672535 Sentence denotes Further studies are necessary to establish the association of cleanliness and microbial transmission and healthcare-associated infections.
T82393 672536-672547 Sentence denotes Background:
T61369 672548-672644 Sentence denotes Hand Hygiene by using alcohol hand rub has been extensively promoted in our hospital since 2008.
T2300 672645-672886 Sentence denotes We had adopted all elements of the WHO multimodal promotion strategy of Hand hygiene including preparing resources, obtained baseline compliance rate, formal kick-off ceremony and serials education program, continued monitoring and feedback.
T86715 672887-672963 Sentence denotes We also developed ongoing action plan for promoting hand hygiene every year.
T24532 672964-673026 Sentence denotes The compliance rate had risen from 21% in 2008 to 76% in 2012.
T82921 673027-673145 Sentence denotes However, we found the compliance rate have reached the plateau during the period from 2012 to 2014 (76%, 73% and 74%).
T67676 673146-673476 Sentence denotes The objectives of the program were (1) to empower, engage, educate and train up Infection Control Link Nurse (ICLN) in Hand Hygiene promotion and supervision, (2) to recruit an ICLN from each ward and unit and appoint them as observer in hand hygiene practices, (3) to reinforce hand hygiene compliance and enhance safety culture.
T13587 673477-673485 Sentence denotes Methods:
T24336 673486-673576 Sentence denotes The observation period had been divided into two parts: part 1 in 2014 and part 2 in 2015.
T88576 673577-673631 Sentence denotes 20 ICLNs had been recruited as hand hygiene observers.
T50970 673632-673724 Sentence denotes Introduction to hand hygiene observation had been provided by Infection Control Nurse (ICN).
T27318 673725-673865 Sentence denotes ICN provided orientation and coaching on the day of observation to every observer till ICLNs were able to perform observation independently.
T91035 673866-673952 Sentence denotes ICLNs had been assigned to observe wards except their own ward in order to avoid bias.
T7271 673953-673998 Sentence denotes Each observation session last for 30 minutes.
T12024 673999-674078 Sentence denotes ICLN self-respond questionnaire was used to evaluation the programme afterward.
T10228 674079-674166 Sentence denotes ICT would than collected the duly completed questionnaires and performed data analysis.
T97107 674167-674175 Sentence denotes Results:
T38695 674176-674290 Sentence denotes The total number of hand hygiene opportunities observed by ICLN were 1262 (Part 1) and 1248 (Part 2) respectively.
T13157 674291-674509 Sentence denotes There is no significant variation (75.9% vs 74.1% P = 0.320) between hand hygiene compliance rate in the first part of hand hygiene observation and the observation performed by ICN in previous quarter before the study.
T22038 674510-674636 Sentence denotes The overall hand hygiene compliance rates had been significantly improved from 75.9% to 80.3% (P = 0.007) in all staff groups.
T72979 674637-674701 Sentence denotes All of the 20 ICLNs had completed the evaluation questionnaires.
T72486 674702-674713 Sentence denotes Background:
T21784 674714-674779 Sentence denotes Tuberculosis (TB) is a common legal infectious disease in Taiwan.
T65057 674780-674890 Sentence denotes The lesions of Tuberculosis are sometimes non-classical, leading to difficulties in making clinical diagnosis.
T12627 674891-674986 Sentence denotes Thus, Tuberculosis easily causes nosocomial infection and the reason behind is worth exploring.
T18744 674987-675140 Sentence denotes The diagnosis of Tuberculosis mainly depends on chest X-ray, TB/AFB, and TB/culture so that the patients can be diagnosed and receive treatments in time.
T9457 675141-675226 Sentence denotes In July 2016, another hospital notified us that one of our patients had Tuberculosis.
T55397 675227-675294 Sentence denotes In June 2016, this patient was admitted to our hospital for 8 days.
T21673 675295-675409 Sentence denotes We found 3 contacts after estimating the communicable period, which was 3 months before the patient was diagnosed.
T64467 675410-675520 Sentence denotes The patient neither presented with classical symptoms of Tuberculosis nor received any chest x-ray inspection.
T64996 675521-675589 Sentence denotes As a result, we wanted to analyze the reasons and make improvements.
T58663 675590-675598 Sentence denotes Methods:
T89716 675599-675950 Sentence denotes We used Root Cause Analysis (RCA) and implemented interventions including: (1) to add inpatient's chest X-ray inspection into routine standardized operating procedures and announce it in infection control committees and visiting staff meetings, (2) to provide in-service education, and (3) to follow up the contacts' chest X-ray inspections regularly.
T74840 675951-675959 Sentence denotes Results:
T30870 675960-676071 Sentence denotes After the interventions, chest X-ray inspection is now one of the routine admission inspections for inpatients.
T31036 676072-676217 Sentence denotes Also, there are two regular courses relating to Tuberculosis each year and the course completion rate of all health care professionals was 95.5%.
T8383 676218-676229 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T94566 676230-676426 Sentence denotes Some patients with Tuberculosis may spread mycobacterium tuberculosis in hospitals before their diagnosis is confirmed, thus, increasing the risk of exposure to infections for staffs and patients.
T14939 676427-676526 Sentence denotes It is necessary to make convincing diagnosis in time and implement infection control interventions.
T32413 676527-676624 Sentence denotes All in all, we provided our caring experiences as a reference for medical and nursing management.
T34697 676625-676793 Sentence denotes Investigation and treatment of abnormal increase of MDROs in surgical intensive care unit of a medical center Chi-Fen Tsou 1 , Ying-Ling Chen 1 , Hung jen Tang Results:
T73646 676794-676890 Sentence denotes These control measures were successful and no further cases of VRE colonization were identified.
T14480 676891-677004 Sentence denotes VRE was isolated from the environment (surfaces of bed rails, ambu bag, on a patient bucket urinal, and curtain).
T81337 677005-677188 Sentence denotes All isolates were sent to a reference laboratory for typing and confirmed that the environmental samples were the same strain as the 2 patients who isolated VRE on the first occasion.
T93861 677189-677201 Sentence denotes Conclusions:
T78183 677202-677320 Sentence denotes Although VRE is known to persist in the environment, we were concerned that VRE persisted despite cleaning of the ICU.
T83073 677321-677482 Sentence denotes Further investigation revealed that ward cleaner is responsible for cleaning the bed and that nursing staff are responsible for cleaning the medical instruments.
T85583 677483-677583 Sentence denotes But as the cot sides of a bed may be moved, it was unclear whose role it was to clean the cot sides.
T29914 677584-677712 Sentence denotes Transmission to patients is however more likely to occur in "near-patient" areas such as the hospital bed and patient equipment.
T80989 677713-677978 Sentence denotes While cleaning of soiled linens room and floors is usually done by the ward cleaner, which cleans these "nearpatient" areas is greyer and may be carried out by nursing staff, ward cleaner or healthcare assistants; depending on the nature of equipment to be cleaned.
T7370 677979-678102 Sentence denotes Most importantly on "near-patient" areas, this can be an important niche for transmission of multidrug resistant organisms.
T89373 678103-678315 Sentence denotes Investigation and control of outbreak of impetigo infection among newborns in maternity nursery of regional teaching hospital Yu-Lan Wang 1 , Yu-Wen Huang 2 , Ya-Fang Wang 3 , Yong-Ching Lau 4 , Wen-Chuan Lin 5 .
T351 678316-678396 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Office, 2 Infectious Diseases, 3 Pediatric Infection Disease
T83704 678397-678408 Sentence denotes Background:
T61475 678409-678548 Sentence denotes Five new born were reported of the pustules on skin, arms, and eyes, impetigo was suspected at 13th October year 2015 in Maternity Nursery.
T63274 678549-678641 Sentence denotes Implementations of infection control measures were applied in order to control the outbreak.
T93294 678642-678650 Sentence denotes Methods:
T26706 678651-678694 Sentence denotes Environmental and laboratory investigation:
T65516 678695-678847 Sentence denotes We started our study by interviewing healthcare workers who worked in Maternity Nursery, five neonates presented with pustules during 10 days admission.
T29988 678848-679051 Sentence denotes We found that workers did not change protective clothes; medical files were located at patient's room, workers failed to clean their hands, repeated use baby towel, clean stuff located at patient's room.
T19864 679052-679263 Sentence denotes Environmental samples, 59 specimens, from the most frequently used neonatal care equipments, such as radiant warmer, weight scale, baby incubator, nursing ward and keyboards were collected for bacterial culture.
T92135 679264-679299 Sentence denotes Nasal swab samples (98) Background:
T87680 679300-679542 Sentence denotes An accurate diagnosis of bloodstream infection relies on the result of blood culture, especially in the emergency room (ER), where emerging or critical patients were taken care of and relied heavily on rapid and correct blood culture results.
T41252 679543-679758 Sentence denotes In the case hospital, the contamination rate of blood culture constantly remained as high as 7.6% (CLSI <3%), which would influence a physician in making correct diagnosis and choosing suitable antimicrobial agents.
T63282 679759-679849 Sentence denotes Therefore, how to reduce the contamination rate of blood culture becomes a critical issue.
T88350 679850-679858 Sentence denotes Methods:
T98003 679859-679896 Sentence denotes An interdisciplinary team was set up.
T58171 679897-680031 Sentence denotes Through a quality control approach, the team analyzed the causes of blood culture contamination through real-time observation on site.
T47160 680032-680371 Sentence denotes Certain infection control strategies were implemented, including: (1) a new trial of 2%CHG detergent and preparation procedure; (2) a newlytested soaking time of 3 secs for disinfect cotton swabs at 2%CHG; (3) a revision of disinfection procedure; and (4) a feedback of blood culture contamination for consequent re-education and training.
T81878 680372-680380 Sentence denotes Results:
T57416 680381-680477 Sentence denotes From January to April 2017, the contamination rate of blood culture decreased from 7.6% to 5.3%.
T79214 680478-680592 Sentence denotes In addition, the waiting time for evaporation of detergents decreased from three minutes to less than one minutes.
T53148 680593-680701 Sentence denotes For an average of 665 blood cultures in ER per month, about 1330 minutes (22 hours) were saved in one month.
T91454 680702-680885 Sentence denotes The weight of medical waste per sample was decreased from 12 grams to 4.07 grams with a total of 5273.5 grams, indicating a cost saving in waste handling by nealy 66% per month in ER.
T38637 680886-680897 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T25248 680898-681119 Sentence denotes Implementation of infection policy toward blood culture procedure is beneficial for physicians in making precise therapeutic decisions, and demonstrates to be an effective approach to reducing waiting time and cost in ER.
T69740 681120-681131 Sentence denotes Background:
T31400 681132-681267 Sentence denotes Hand hygiene is the leading measure for preventing the spread of antimicrobial resistance and reducing healthcareassociated infections.
T44693 681268-681357 Sentence denotes However healthcare worker compliance with optimal practices remains low in most settings.
T46559 681358-681505 Sentence denotes We evaluated the impact of multifaceted hand hygiene (HH) intervention on the adherence of HH and isolation rate of antibiotic resistant organisms.
T23607 681506-681514 Sentence denotes Methods:
T17669 681515-681777 Sentence denotes Multifaceted HH intervention was conducted between 2011 and 2016, and the isolation of resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was compared with conventional intervention period (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) .
T11420 681778-682024 Sentence denotes The intervention consists of multidisciplinary HH campaign, encouragement of the 5 moments for HH, monitoring of the consumption of HH products and feedback using reported benchmark, and direct observation of HH practices in MRSA high risk wards.
T13473 682025-682242 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial use density and antimicrobial heterogeneity index were also evaluated (antibiotic class evaluated: tazobactam/piperacillin, carabapenems, 4 th generation cephalosporins/ceftazidime, and fluoroquinolone).
T91254 682243-682251 Sentence denotes Results:
T19896 682252-682330 Sentence denotes Participation rates in HH campaign increased from 48.7% to 90.4% ( p < 0.001).
T88802 682331-682472 Sentence denotes Number of HH episodes per patients day calculated by the consumption of alcohol hand rub increased from 5.6 ± 5.5 to 8.5 ± 10.3 ( p < 0.001).
T92324 682473-682633 Sentence denotes There was a significant difference in the isolation rate of hospital onset MRSA between the 2 intervention period (1.07 and 0.74/1,000 patient days, p < 0.001).
T69405 682634-682807 Sentence denotes Isolation rate of P. aeruginosa which reveal resistance to 2 or more classes of antibiotics was also significantly decreased (0.163 and 0.134/1,000 patient days, p = 0.004).
T59769 682808-682923 Sentence denotes In addition to direct HH observation, relocation to a new ward had a beneficial effect in the MRSA high risk wards.
T2145 682924-683069 Sentence denotes Rate of antimicrobial use density in carbapenems decreased from 36.4% to 25.1%, and antimicrobial heterogeneity index improved from 0.82 to 0.85.
T43174 683070-683081 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T55693 683082-683280 Sentence denotes Paralleled introduction of multifaceted HH intervention and other strategies such as appropriate use of antimicrobials had a significant impact on the isolation of antimicrobial resistant organisms.
T17639 683281-683498 Sentence denotes The infection control experience of suspected gastrointestinal tract cluster incidence in a psychiatric center rehabilitation ward Shiun-Yin Jeng 1 , Yu-Pin Liu 1 , Huei-Lan Lu 1 , Tso-Jen Wang 1 , Chung-Shin Liao 2 .
T80968 683499-683548 Sentence denotes 1 Jianan Psychiatric Center, 2 Chang Hua Hospital
T66703 683549-683560 Sentence denotes Background:
T4945 683561-683734 Sentence denotes Most of psychiatric patient had poor self hygiene and self-care, while infectious diseases occurred; it is easy to lead a cluster event in a psychiatric rehabilitation ward.
T71987 683735-683883 Sentence denotes The implementation of gastrointestinal monitoring system and early intervention are very important in a low function and closed rehabilitation ward.
T48017 683884-683895 Sentence denotes Background:
T25586 683896-684290 Sentence denotes In order to maintain the quality of bacterial culture tracing, infection control medical staff regularly participate the infection control training course and implementation in clinical related business, such as notification the positive results of bacterial culture, and the significant abnormalities of legal infectious pathogens, so that patients can receive effective treatment immediately.
T83748 684291-684512 Sentence denotes Annual collection of drug sensitivity test results, statistical analysis, groups discussing regularly with infections control team member, to discuss and collaborate on meaningful cases for promoting clinical interaction.
T23595 684513-684521 Sentence denotes Methods:
T43947 684522-685179 Sentence denotes Bacterial culture notification mechanism, the pathogen of bacteria included in this monitoring system, then the pathogenic bacteria strains to monitor the infection cases,to avoid the spread of infection and to avoid cluster infection occurred, through the TNIS system to provide the reporting function, the hospital can analyze the medical care-related infection, the results of the bacterial culture and the antibiotic resistance distribution of the hospital, as a reference for the internal review and improvement, to assist the hospital in developing appropriate monitoring mechanisms and methods, to enhance the quality of nosocomial infection control.
T43488 685180-685485 Sentence denotes As long as the patient test report in the presence of bacterial culture positive, the laboratory will be informed to send a newsletter to the Infection Control Center, Medical, Pharmacy, Abnormal culture results will tabulation, and in the sense of the meeting to review whether the absence of negligence.
T71131 685486-685494 Sentence denotes Results:
T79020 685495-685952 Sentence denotes From January 1 to May 31 2017, there was one abnormal information data, three set sputum culture has sent to the laboratory on March 9 to 13, the data found abnormal on March 13, and this report has registered on the March 16, and send messages to doctor, pharmaceutical, infection control center, the relevant report sent to the Infection Control Center, to notify the ward and provided a district area care immediately after received this abnormal report.
T88216 685953-686045 Sentence denotes Family medicine consultation, medication used followed X-ray, blood examination on March 21.
T81851 686046-686057 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T51465 686058-686376 Sentence denotes The establishment of a mechanism for the prevention of bacterial culture can prevent the spread of infectious diseases in the hospital, to speed up the diagnosis of infectious diseases by the physician's expertise, for the understanding of the domestic epidemic, rapid and correct diagnosis of the patient's condition.
T27223 686377-686620 Sentence denotes According to the severity of the disease and infectious, the patient to provide appropriate treatment and isolation measures, and require the relevant medical staff to take appropriate protective measures to avoid causing nosocomial infection.
T83274 686621-686785 Sentence denotes Experience sharing on application of fluorescent agent detection in personal protective equipment put-on and take-off training En-Tse Yang 1 , Jann- Tay Conclusion:
T15474 686786-687013 Sentence denotes The application of fluorescent agent detection in the evaluation for skill of putting-on and taking-off PPE not only increases the learning motivation of trainees but also provides an objective indicator and real-time feedback.
T17311 687014-687185 Sentence denotes In addition, by analyzing the contaminated parts, and referring it to prior put-on and take-off procedures, a better procedure and instruction manual could be figured out.
T71276 687186-687324 Sentence denotes Effectiveness of active screening of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in the intensive care unit of a regional hospital Wanling Tai.
T84533 687325-687360 Sentence denotes Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
T92372 687361-687372 Sentence denotes Background:
T79933 687373-687743 Sentence denotes The prevalence of vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE) of healthcare-associated infections was significantly increased (9.8% in 2010 and 32.5% in 2010), and most of them were in the intensive care unit (76% CHG) bathing to patients in ICU as well as finding and disinfection or eradication of niduses from which multiple drug resistant organisms (MDRO) were cultured.
T7880 687744-687921 Sentence denotes The items of niduses discovered were feeding cups and plastic baskets belonging to individual bed but not individual patient, working tables of nurses, and two communal bedpans.
T11135 687922-688210 Sentence denotes We analyzed data retrospectively from a prospective infection control database since May 2015 at the ICU of 41 beds and calculated the monthly trend of CRKP before and after two stages of infection control measures in ICU after adjusting the effects of hand hygiene and antibiotics usage.
T23174 688211-688309 Sentence denotes In order to assess the changes of CRKP in 3 periods, we used the generalized additive model (GAM).
T77005 688310-688454 Sentence denotes The fixed effects were period, time ( per 1 month), DID, the compliance and the accuracy of hand washing, and the random effect was period*time.
T48368 688455-688519 Sentence denotes The random effect showed the change of CRKP after interventions.
T29680 688520-688528 Sentence denotes Results:
T65941 688529-688630 Sentence denotes The upward trend of CRKP turned downward after second stage of interventions significantly (Figure) .
T62492 688631-688723 Sentence denotes Second stage of interventions showed significant effect (RR 0.53, 95%CI 0.37-0.78) (Table) .
T76917 688724-688786 Sentence denotes The fixed effects of hand hygiene and DID were nonsignificant.
T43370 688787-688917 Sentence denotes The results showed that there were no significant differences in the incidence of MDROs and the occurrence of two abnormal events.
T65019 688918-688978 Sentence denotes The first occurrence of MDROs was the same as that of MDROs.
T44419 688979-689819 Sentence denotes Sudden changes in the cause of the KPC, further analysis of the cause of the abnormal events, contact isolation measures and environmental cleanliness, so infection control intervention measures in addition to the original hand hygiene and contact isolation measures and environmental clean, the other for high-risk cases and Has been identified in the case of centralized care, the second occurrence of MDROs abnormal events, suspected bursts of bacteria for the CRAB, monitoring the cause of this event may be due to the unit space can not clean the bed and equipment into the care area, in the bed Abnormalities in the process, so the infection control measures for the collection of the original collection area is not collected, to strengthen the detection of the same ROOM is to increase the non-CRAB environmental cleaning frequency.
T80199 689820-689828 Sentence denotes Results:
T37366 689829-690125 Sentence denotes The second use of MDROs is abnormal, the first use of the bundl care for hand hygiene, contact isolation protection measures, environmental clean and high-risk partition isolation; second use of the bundl care for the hand hygiene, contact isolation protection measures And the environment clean.
T56691 690126-690457 Sentence denotes It is found that the combination of MDROs is suspected to be in the group, and each time the MDROs are detected in the unit, the analysis of the abnormal events is discussed with the care unit, and the main reason for the occurrence of the event is possible, Combined care work, can still effectively solve the outbreake of events.
T47484 690458-690469 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T32630 690470-690627 Sentence denotes In Taiwan, the medical care environment and clinical care workers often fail to clarify the care area and the patient area immediately when the work is busy.
T47937 690628-690718 Sentence denotes As a result, the compliance rate of hand hygiene and contact isolation can not reach 100%.
T66426 690719-690865 Sentence denotes Therefore, to reduce the care workers due to hand hygiene or contact isolation measures are not implemented lead to migration and cause infection.
T87018 690866-691223 Sentence denotes In addition, for the detection of MDROs must be concentrated to receive, from the two abnormal event handling still need to consider all the staff, infection control requirements in a holistic manner to consider the most efficient way to solve this problem, by this experience is used as a reference for dealing with suspected the MDROs outbreake of events.
T7282 691224-691235 Sentence denotes Background:
T53406 691236-691379 Sentence denotes Following the pilot study of 6 alcohol-based hand gels in TTSH in 2014, 4 of them were chosen for more extensive evaluation in April-June 2015.
T22555 691380-691388 Sentence denotes Methods:
T24330 691389-691532 Sentence denotes 4 inpatient wards and 2 outpatient occupational and physiotherapy clinics were chosen based on their alcohol-based handrub utilization in 2014.
T31336 691533-691697 Sentence denotes During the study period, 1 of the 4 hand gels were placed in wards and clinics at the beginning of each week, and existing handrubs removed during the trial period.
T80325 691698-691799 Sentence denotes All healthcare workers did handwashing or handrub according to WHO 5 Moments, as per hospital policy.
T31815 691800-691918 Sentence denotes After each week of trial, there was a "wash-out" period of a week when hand gels were replaced with existing handrubs.
T26951 691919-692056 Sentence denotes Healthcare workers were invited to participate in a survey on nine attributes of product using a Likert-scale of 1-5 during trial period.
T28551 692057-692157 Sentence denotes The mean score was computed for each attribute and student's t-test used to compare the differences.
T4916 692158-692283 Sentence denotes Staff were told to report any adverse reactions to the study team who monitored and recorded skin reactions during the trial.
T72881 692284-692292 Sentence denotes Results:
T49563 692293-692389 Sentence denotes Of 1056 participants, 637 were nurses, 286 were alliedhealth professionals and 133 were doctors.
T24750 692390-692525 Sentence denotes 82.5% of the participants thought that Product C worked better than the current product and was rated the best in overall satisfaction.
T34454 692526-692685 Sentence denotes Comparison of two means for Product C and current handrub on eight attributes were significant, for example-splashing (mean score of 4.23 vs. 2.46, p < 0.001).
T70324 692686-692697 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T77399 692698-692812 Sentence denotes Product C was the most preferred hand gel and should be considered as alternative to current hand hygiene product.
T52031 692813-692821 Sentence denotes Phase 3.
T75298 692822-692991 Sentence denotes Model sharing phase (July 2015 to September 2016): we hold experience sharing conference and regular meeting to help eight hospitals in southern Taiwan to improve CAUTI.
T81208 692992-693000 Sentence denotes Results:
T76270 693001-693066 Sentence denotes In phase 1, CAUTI rate declined from 12.6‰ to 6.9‰ in three ICUs.
T92580 693067-693128 Sentence denotes In phase 2, CAUTI rate reduced from 6.3‰ to 5.6‰ in six ICUs.
T79760 693129-693206 Sentence denotes In phase 3, total 9 hospitals overall CAUTI rate improved from 3.7‰ to 2.89‰.
T93312 693207-693218 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T10273 693219-693397 Sentence denotes Multi-modal interventions with nursing-driven base are essential in reduced CAUTI and point extension make successful experiences to duplicate in other units and other hospitals.
T55124 693398-693581 Sentence denotes The epidemiology and predictors for mortality of bloodstream infections among patients with temporary hemodialysis catheters Meng-Ching Chen 1 , Yin-Yin Chen 1,3 , Fu-Der Wang 1,2,3 .
T56926 693582-693771 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control, 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, 3 National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan Background:
T74084 693772-693972 Sentence denotes Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are common in patients with temporary hemodialysis catheters, and result in prolongation of hospitalization, increasing medical expenses, and increased risk of mortality.
T98514 693973-694107 Sentence denotes This study aims to explore the profile, recognized pathogens and predicted prognostic factors for mortality of bloodstream infections.
T64665 694108-694116 Sentence denotes Methods:
T68440 694117-694193 Sentence denotes The retrospective study was performed in a medical center from 2010 to 2015.
T85559 694194-694238 Sentence denotes Epidemiologic investigations were conducted.
T44978 694239-694361 Sentence denotes Patients with temporary hemodialysis catheters and reported as BSIs were inclueded except individuals under the age of 20.
T997 694362-694596 Sentence denotes The chi-square test was used for categorical variables, the Mann-Whitney U test was used for data that had nonnormal distribution, and the logistic regression analysis was used for assessing predicted prognostic factors for mortality.
T5298 694597-694605 Sentence denotes Results:
T48331 694606-694674 Sentence denotes A total of 309 patients with BSIs were included in the study period.
T82297 694675-694759 Sentence denotes These patients were predominantly male (66.2%), and had a mean age of 72 ± 16 years.
T63189 694760-694802 Sentence denotes The median of length of stay were 24 days.
T6695 694803-694916 Sentence denotes The most common isolated organism were Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
T62290 694917-695153 Sentence denotes The most common isolated antimicrobial-resistant pathogens were methicillin-resistant Coagulase-negative staphylococcus (75%), Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (64.6%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (63.1%).
T40261 695154-695264 Sentence denotes The crude rates of in-hospital mortality rate was 55.1%, and the 30day mortality rate was 78.3% in all deaths.
T72599 695265-695582 Sentence denotes The logistic regression analysis identified shock (odds ratio [OR], 14.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], bedridden (OR, 2.3; CI, ), using of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH, OR, 15.8; CI, antibiotics (OR, 2.5; CI, , and mechanism ventilator (OR, 2.2; CI, 1.04-4.61) as independent predictors for mortality.
T4276 695583-695594 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T68592 695595-695713 Sentence denotes The most common isolated organism of BSIs was Staphylococcus aureus in patients with temporary hemodialysis catheters.
T39135 695714-695845 Sentence denotes Shock, bedridden, using of CVVH, antibiotics, and mechanical ventilator are independent predicted prognostic factors for mortality.
T81809 695846-696040 Sentence denotes Use of VAP bundle to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia in a medical center intensive care unit Ya-Ching Huang, Chun-Hsing Liao, Mei-ling Fang, Ching-jung Tsai, Pei-chi Tu, Shu-chuan Huang.
T49547 696041-696082 Sentence denotes Far Eastern Memorial Hospital Background:
T15472 696083-696148 Sentence denotes Mechanical intubation is an essential part for critical patients.
T68717 696149-696337 Sentence denotes Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is an important complication of intubation, which will increase hospitalization cost, prolonged hospital stay and potentially threaten patient's life.
T33065 696338-696415 Sentence denotes Bundle intervention is proposed to effectively decrease the incidence of VAP.
T1452 696416-696534 Sentence denotes In order to reduce the occurrence of VAP, a VAP care bundle care was implemented in an intensive care unit since 2015.
T92507 696535-696543 Sentence denotes Methods:
T12867 696544-696624 Sentence denotes This intensive care unit provides care for medical cases mainly and has 30 beds.
T56164 696625-696720 Sentence denotes The VAP bundle includes (1) Education to enhance the VAP bundle care awareness. (2) Background:
T31393 696721-696795 Sentence denotes Many critically ill patients can survive by use of mechanical ventilation.
T83401 696796-697001 Sentence denotes However, these patients have serious clinical condition, and are immune-compromised status, many health care associated infections like ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) will be the major complication.
T63424 697002-697097 Sentence denotes VAP is defined as pneumonia after 48 hours use of ventilator mainly due to bacterial infection.
T57896 697098-697275 Sentence denotes According to the US nosocomial infection surveillance system data, the incidence of VAP is 5-16‰ which is also an important indicator of quality control in a critical care unit.
T24387 697276-697371 Sentence denotes The incidence of VAP is related to length of hospital stay, duration of mechanical ventilation.
T23708 697372-697525 Sentence denotes The incidence will be increased by 1% in every one day of hospital stay, peak incidence occurred on the seventh day, average 5-10 days of ventilator use.
T5601 697526-697633 Sentence denotes Thus, if ventilator is used for longer duration, there is increase in patient' hospital stay and mortality.
T59460 697634-697779 Sentence denotes In our hospital, incidence VAP in intensive care unit is 0.69-1.72‰ from 2014 to 2016 which is expected to achieve zero tolerance in coming year.
T20266 697780-697908 Sentence denotes However, there are many new health care personnel in these year, multiple health care measures are not fulfilled for our target.
T30499 697909-698026 Sentence denotes In 2017, Central Disease Control department implements the program of bundle care for invasive health care procedure.
T43055 698027-698138 Sentence denotes Fortunately, we can participate in this program, and strengthen to prevent VAP with application of bundle care.
T7345 698139-698147 Sentence denotes Methods:
T91235 698148-698234 Sentence denotes We have applied the health care personnel training for basic knowledge of bundle care.
T38424 698235-698704 Sentence denotes Since February 2017, we implement VAP bundle care which include (1) elevate the head of bed for 30-45°, (2) oral cleansing by using tooth cleaning sponge, small tooth brush, and chlorhexidine contained mouthwash, (3) setting of cleaning and sterilization of steam inhalation therapy equipment and changing the tubing regularly, (4) addition of setting bottle to facilitate the removal of fluid inside the ventilator circuits under avoiding contamination of environment.
T10905 698705-698828 Sentence denotes These standard infection control measures are added to intensive care unit manual and keep health care personnel to follow.
T3722 698829-698837 Sentence denotes Results:
T54529 698838-698923 Sentence denotes Follow up from February 2017 to June 2017, there was no VAP cases during this period.
T68258 698924-699068 Sentence denotes We continue the health care providers education and training, and apply bundle care for VAP, thus the incidence VAP will effectively be reduced.
T14368 699069-699080 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T91352 699081-699257 Sentence denotes Evidence based strategy for bundle care seems to be simple, but how to develop, promote, and implement the strategy and counter checking of these measures are more significant.
T91188 699258-699461 Sentence denotes Implementation of VAP bundle care will prevent and reduce VAP incidence, decrease the duration of ventilator use and the average length of hospital stay, and decrease the patient morbidity and mortality.
T70380 699462-699616 Sentence denotes An experience of reduce the catheter-related urinary tract infection in a medical center Huei-Wen Lai 1 , I-Lun Hou 1 , Yu-Lin Lee 2 , Tsun-Jung Liu 1,2 .
T83308 699617-699705 Sentence denotes 1. the doctor's orders for Foley insertion, change to standing order instead stat order.
T44174 699706-699708 Sentence denotes 2.
T74922 699709-699811 Sentence denotes After catheterization for 48 hours, the system at 11:00 was reminded doctor to remove foley every day.
T45021 699812-699814 Sentence denotes 3.
T34902 699815-699874 Sentence denotes The skin disinfection for foley insertion use 2% aquae CHG.
T77071 699875-699877 Sentence denotes 4.
T79215 699878-700087 Sentence denotes Change the size of the catheterrecommended in addition to urine sediment, hematuria, after surgery, BPH, etc. recommended the use of 16Fr or other size, the rest of the situation can be considered using 14 Fr.
T14533 700088-700090 Sentence denotes 5.
T5342 700091-700184 Sentence denotes Expand the aseptic area and pre-connected catheter and urine bag to prevention comtamination.
T51764 700185-700187 Sentence denotes 6.
T25231 700188-700237 Sentence denotes Use bladder scan to avoid repeat foley insertion.
T10773 700238-700240 Sentence denotes 7.
T35128 700241-700318 Sentence denotes Training specialists check the bundle care of foley insertion and daily care.
T78338 700319-700464 Sentence denotes Catheter-related urinary tract infection in 2015.01∼2016.03 for 5.95‰, after intervention in 2016.04∼ 2017.03 reduce to 3.61‰ (P-value = 0.0001).
T29386 700465-700476 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T91907 700477-700681 Sentence denotes The Infection Control Committee has identified effective measures in the Infection Control Manual and will reduce the catheter-related urinary tract infection as a continuous monitoring quality indicator.
T82331 700682-700853 Sentence denotes The survey for the effectiveness of VAP (ventilator-associated pneumonia) prevention after implementing care bundle in the ICU of a regional hospital in Taiwan Background:
T63610 700854-700922 Sentence denotes The ICU within 17 beds belongs to general adult intensive care unit.
T94573 700923-700994 Sentence denotes It started to implement care bundle for VAP prevention from June, 2015.
T41335 700995-701144 Sentence denotes To realize the effectiveness, we analyze the densities of infection and the use rates of ventilators during the two periods of pre-intervention (Nov.
T98784 701145-701186 Sentence denotes 2013 -May 2015 and postintervention (Jun.
T20896 701187-701197 Sentence denotes 2015 -Dec.
T49796 701198-701204 Sentence denotes 2016 .
T49341 701205-701290 Sentence denotes The result can be as a reference to continuously improve the quality of medical care.
T3961 701291-701299 Sentence denotes Methods:
T18167 701300-701488 Sentence denotes After infection control practitioners collected cases based on surveillance definition of VAP formulated by CDC, the cases have to be reconfirmed by the minister of Critical Care Medicine.
T22347 701489-701844 Sentence denotes Following the interventions proposed by CDC and JCT, 5 items were lifting the head of bed 30-45°higher, ceasing sedative daily, daily evaluation of extubation, draining the water in ventilators to empty, and performing oral nursing care with mouthwash containing 0.12-0.2% chlorhexidine at least 2 times per day and then keeping records in the check list.
T23665 701845-701853 Sentence denotes Results:
T7669 701854-702010 Sentence denotes Statistics show the densities of infection during the periods of pre-intervention and post-intervention respectively were 1.38‰ (6/4350) and 1.71‰ (8/4666).
T69063 702011-702063 Sentence denotes The use rates of ventilators were 51.08% and 54.29%.
T82474 702064-702075 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T65797 702076-702160 Sentence denotes The density of infection increased by 0.33‰ in 19 months of post-intervention stage.
T74092 702161-702213 Sentence denotes The value of Chi-squared Test was p > 0.05 (=0.686).
T48679 702214-702260 Sentence denotes The use rate of ventilator increased by 3.21%.
T61260 702261-702367 Sentence denotes The rate (54.29%) was higher than the rate (51.2%) in the equivalent ICU which identified by TNIS, Taiwan.
T63039 702368-702504 Sentence denotes By further analyzing the cases, it can be found no more than 3 cases per season and they individually occurred in every different month.
T70969 702505-702682 Sentence denotes Zero infection maintained in the latest season shows that if daily evaluation of extubation can be put into effect, it is definitely able to improve the quality of medical care.
T12131 702683-702805 Sentence denotes Exploring the effectiveness of the urinary catheter care bundle system Shaw-Shin Wu 1 , Hui-mei Huang 2 *, Wei-Pin Lai 3 .
T19439 702806-703015 Sentence denotes 1 Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Registered Nurse, Taichung, Taiwan, 2 Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Supervisor, Taichung, Taiwan, 3 Taichung Veterans General Hospital, IT Engineer, Taichung, Taiwan
T9560 703016-703027 Sentence denotes Background:
T35413 703028-703141 Sentence denotes To establish an information system and online catheter removal assessment tool for urinary catheters bundle care.
T8271 703142-703259 Sentence denotes To Improve bundle care compliance, and thus reduce the urinary catheter indwelling days, usage and infection density.
T8657 703260-703268 Sentence denotes Methods:
T38482 703269-703376 Sentence denotes Patients of a comprehensive ward of a medical centre were selected as study object by purposively sampling.
T93329 703377-703426 Sentence denotes Study period was from January 2016 to April 2017.
T59379 703427-703546 Sentence denotes The program designer set up an online catheter removal assessment tool, real-time query system, and mobile APP program.
T41812 703547-703625 Sentence denotes The mobile APP program includes a placement check and a daily care evaluation.
T94164 703626-703634 Sentence denotes Results:
T4639 703635-703748 Sentence denotes During the study period, 913 patients had urinary catheter, with a total of 3920 days of the catheter indwelling.
T47002 703749-704052 Sentence denotes After the program has been set up, catheter placement check was done for 168 patients during catheter insertion, the compliance rate of utilizing the program was 100%; and a total of 2833 staff preformed urine catheter daily assessment using the program, the compliance rate increased from 29.4% to 60%.
T82955 704053-704133 Sentence denotes The average length of catheter indwelling decreased from 4.40 days to 3.94 days.
T92254 704134-704192 Sentence denotes Catheter utilization rate decreased from 25.34% to 21.63%.
T16646 704193-704274 Sentence denotes Catheter-related urinary tract infection density decreased from 2.76 ‰ to 1.19 ‰.
T80103 704275-704331 Sentence denotes And the satisfaction rate after informatization is 100%.
T65690 704332-704343 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T16579 704344-704424 Sentence denotes When the system was first implanted, the initial compliance rate was only 29.4%.
T50176 704425-704529 Sentence denotes The reason was that physicians did not complete the daily assessment of catheter removal in the program.
T19777 704530-704654 Sentence denotes By adding an evaluation path and a reminder window to the physician's ordering system, the compliance rate increased to 60%.
T44401 704655-704929 Sentence denotes Through combining the implantation of informatization, online real-time inquire system, mobile devices and user-centered program design to achieve the purpose of simplifying the process, increasing the efficiency of data processing and integrating, and enhancing compliance.
T26300 704930-705099 Sentence denotes As a result, significantly improved the compliance rate of care bundle and user satisfaction, reduce the use of catheter, the length of indwelling and infection density.
T42311 705100-705303 Sentence denotes Effectiveness of ventilator-associated pneumonia bundle intervention in the regional hospital Yu-Hsiu Lin 1 *, Siao-Pei Guo 1 , Pak-On Leung 2 , Mei-Fe Sie 3 , Yee-Huang Ku 1 , Jyh-Jou Chen 4 Background:
T51278 705304-705424 Sentence denotes Nebulizer devices are widely used to deliver aerosol therapy, especially in pediatric patients with respiratory disease.
T39054 705425-705519 Sentence denotes However, nebulizers are potential sources of microbial contamination of the respiratory tract.
T31404 705520-705654 Sentence denotes Small-volume nebulizers medications for administering bronchodilators, including hand-held nebulizers, can produce bacterial aerosols.
T54485 705655-705742 Sentence denotes Ultrasonic hand-held nebulizers have been associated with nosocomial pneumonia Methods:
T74059 705743-705979 Sentence denotes In order to understand the suitability and influence of the ultrasonic nebulizers used in treatment of respiratory diseases of paediatric patients, we conducted a systematic literature review of the articles published before April 2017.
T72912 705980-706091 Sentence denotes Keywords in both Chinese and English were entered into the search engine which comprised of 5 medical database.
T5941 706092-706164 Sentence denotes We then selected 5 articles which match our standard for further review.
T93825 706165-706173 Sentence denotes Results:
T32588 706174-706281 Sentence denotes After 24 hours of usage, the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) can be isolated from ultrasonic nebulizers.
T36767 706282-706401 Sentence denotes Bcc isolates were obtained from nebulizer draining tubes, operating water chambers, oscillator and nebulizer solutions.
T89411 706402-706616 Sentence denotes The Evidence-based medicine literature suggests that appropriate maintenance of ultrasonic nebulizers is crucial for preventing Bcc contamination of nebulizers and subsequent respiratory tract and blood infections.
T99915 706617-706680 Sentence denotes New contamination control measures were implemented as follows:
T46340 706681-706752 Sentence denotes (1) Availability of ultrasonic nebulizers was strictly limited to <5 d.
T80675 706753-707088 Sentence denotes At that time, the devices were returned to the medical engineering section for maintenance. (2) Nebulizer draining tubes and oscillators were completely disinfected once every 24 h using 85% ethanol; and (3) After each use, nebulizers were surveyed for diaphragm breakage or pinholes using a device that measured electrical resistance.
T2810 707089-707228 Sentence denotes In addition to that, observation of children breathing patterns, to avoid cold and high and dense fog caused by respiratory spasm problems.
T68820 707229-707240 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T12144 707241-707365 Sentence denotes The literature evidence shows that the use of ultrasound nebulizers does have the risk of nosocomial respiratory infections.
T93338 707366-707522 Sentence denotes Moreover, additional maintenance procedures are required for instrument maintenance, so it is recommended to use a single use and disposable jet nebulizers.
T89061 707523-707677 Sentence denotes In regards of patient's safety, cost consideration and therapeutic effectiveness, it is recommended to implement the cleaning and disinfection procedures.
T92711 707678-707841 Sentence denotes In order to make the best treatment of spray therapy, the right equipment such as mouth tube or mask, should be chosen to fit children's age and cognitive ability.
T94441 707842-708161 Sentence denotes The effectiveness of deploying care bundle for the precaution of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in the ward of orthopedics belonging to a regional hospital located in southern Taiwan Li-Chun Liu 1 , Li-kuan Chih 1 , Chih-Lin Liu 1 , Su-Chen Liu 2 , Chih-Hsuan Cheng 3 , Wen-Han Chang 1 , Ying-Sheng Pan 1 .
T9340 708162-708333 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Committee, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Taiwan, 2 Nursing Department, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Taiwan, 3 Orthopedics, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Taiwan
T59021 708334-708345 Sentence denotes Background:
T46357 708346-708441 Sentence denotes The hospital is with 516 beds for acute patients while 48 beds laid in the ward of orthopedics.
T32675 708442-708562 Sentence denotes The beds are applied for placing and curing the patients from the Departments of Orthopedics, neurosurgery, and Urology.
T54169 708563-708692 Sentence denotes The density of Urinary Tract Infection in the ward in 2014 occupied the 3 rd place from the ranking of all wards in the hospital.
T66011 708693-708926 Sentence denotes It became the only ward which participated in the measure, Care Bundle for Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection, proposed by CDC and JCT on June 1 st , 2015 and started to collect the number of patients using catheter per day.
T21967 708927-708990 Sentence denotes To realize the effectiveness, this sheet is discussed in depth.
T9501 708991-708999 Sentence denotes Methods:
T40370 709000-709196 Sentence denotes The cases of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection were collected based on the surveillance definition of Healthcare-Associated Infection, which is the second edition revised by CDC in 2009.
T71612 709197-709485 Sentence denotes Following the measure proposed by CDC and JCT, 4 items placed for inspection were executing hand hygiene before inserting catheter, using aseptic technique and sterile when inserting catheter, catheter in proper fixed ways, and executing hand hygiene immediately after inserting catheter.
T9503 709486-709705 Sentence denotes The 5 measures of daily care evaluation to take precaution against Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection were evaluation of extubation, hand hygiene, fixed position, aseptic and fluent, and urethral orifice clean.
T19595 709706-709714 Sentence denotes Results:
T96531 709715-709795 Sentence denotes Statistics show that the density was 3.27‰ during the first half year (Jun.-Nov.
T18285 709796-709896 Sentence denotes 2015) after deploying Care Bundle while those were 4.55‰ and 2.63‰ during the second half year (Dec.
T27797 709897-709946 Sentence denotes 2015 -May 2016 and the third half year (Jun.-Nov.
T62538 709947-709954 Sentence denotes 2016 ).
T82642 709955-710015 Sentence denotes The use rates were respectively 15.88%, 17.496%, and 18.96%.
T88362 710016-710027 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T96493 710028-710172 Sentence denotes Comparing the measures deployed after one and a half year with those after the first half, the density of infection obviously declined by 0.64%.
T69560 710173-710315 Sentence denotes The value of Fisher's Exact Test, P > 0.05(=), shows deploying Care Bundle can lower down the density but there is still room for improvement.
T70044 710316-710358 Sentence denotes The rate of using catheter rises by 3.08%.
T31760 710359-710444 Sentence denotes The possible reason can be related to the specific patients being received and cured.
T11478 710445-710517 Sentence denotes The above information provided to the medical profession as a reference.
T73286 710518-710749 Sentence denotes Investigation and treatment of abnormal increase of bloodstream infection in peripheral blood stem cell transplantation Hsiao-Shan Chen 1 , Hung-Jen Tang 1,2,3 , Yin-Hsun Feng 4 , Ya-Ling Hsien 4 , Chin-Yi Li 4 , Iig-Ling Chen 1 *.
T67284 710750-710761 Sentence denotes Background:
T13903 710762-710933 Sentence denotes Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common healthcare-associated infection in intensive care units, which can cause patients to have severe morbidity and mortality.
T16285 710934-710941 Sentence denotes In Jan.
T95268 710942-711250 Sentence denotes 2013, we executed the ventilator care bundle (VCB) to reduce VAP in our hospital, including daily assessment of readiness to extubation, daily sedation vacation, elevation of patient's head of bed to 30-45°, using 0.12% chlorhexidine for oral care, and exhausting water in ventilator circuit every two hours.
T59378 711251-711419 Sentence denotes In 2015, the VAP incidence reduced to 2.45‰ in our surgical intensive care unit (SICU), but it still higher than those in the SICUs of other teaching hospitals (1.26‰).
T8508 711420-711538 Sentence denotes In order to further reduce VAP incidence in our SICU, we used quality control circle to reinforce the efficacy of VCB.
T75083 711539-711547 Sentence denotes Methods:
T2250 711548-711620 Sentence denotes Our hospital is a 960-bed regional teaching hospital with a 16-bed SICU.
T83891 711621-711904 Sentence denotes We used quality control circle to find 3 disadvantages in our VCB program, including poor cognition of VCB in SICU members, a lack of internal auditing to carry through VCB, misarrangement of suction tubes and aerosol therapy apparatus, and inaccurate angle of elevation of bed head.
T12483 711905-712130 Sentence denotes So, we executed an improvement plan, including regular training programs for VCB in SICU, development of the auditing system, adequate storage of suction tubes and aerosol therapy apparatus, and adding angle scale on bedside.
T70528 712131-712139 Sentence denotes Results:
T71500 712140-712223 Sentence denotes After this intervention, the VAP incidence in our SICU reduced to 0.36‰ from 2.45‰.
T32705 712224-712274 Sentence denotes The accuracy of VCB increased to 95.2% from 65.1%.
T59980 712275-712286 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T57621 712287-712357 Sentence denotes Quality control circle is a good way to reinforce the efficacy of VCB.
T55188 712358-712467 Sentence denotes To explore the effectiveness of CAUTI Bundle care in a southern regional hospital Yan Ru Chen*, Yee-Huang Ku.
T29322 712468-712526 Sentence denotes Infection Control Center, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying
T44963 712527-712538 Sentence denotes Background:
T65399 712539-713109 Sentence denotes Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common medical care-related infections, accounting for about 40%, of which about 70% is associated with the use of the catheter, and the hospital is involved in the Department of Health and Welfare Medical treatment care quality improvement program to promote the catheter-related urinary tract combination of care measures, through the clinical field audit, found the problem, the feedback unit to improve, to reduce the urinary tract-related urinary tract infection, improve medical quality, protection Patient safe.
T60082 713110-713118 Sentence denotes Methods:
T71791 713119-713443 Sentence denotes The internal control of the catheter is carried out by the internal care manager, the external control of the infection control nurses, the monthly audit statistics and feedback, and the "male catheterization" competition will be held, and the "This technology is standardized, the actual application in clinical practice'".
T45914 713444-713452 Sentence denotes Results:
T84572 713453-713893 Sentence denotes Before the promotion of the program (from January to June in 2015), the general hospital CAUTI density of 0.7‰, intensive care unit of 1.9‰, in July 2015 to start the field audit, catheter placement and care compliance and CAUTI infection density Table 1 shows that although the audit compliance rate increased, but the intensive care unit CAUTI density increased by 38.7%, the general ward CAUTI density is flat before the plan to promote.
T55679 713894-714016 Sentence denotes In January and March of 2016, the compliance rate of Nurse Practitioner perform male patient catheterization was only 25%.
T97970 714017-714153 Sentence denotes In April, the "male catheterization" competition was held in the course of internal medicine, surgery and The rate of compliance was 96.
T76327 714154-714241 Sentence denotes 88% (93/96), and the compliance rate was increased to 75% from April to August in 2016.
T13568 714242-714270 Sentence denotes The compliance rate was 96%.
T5705 714271-714282 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T84759 714283-714706 Sentence denotes Leading to catheter-associated urinary tract infection may be a large number of factors, as soon as possible to remove the catheter, aseptic technique operation and daily care is necessary to perform a ring, through the audit, regular feedback, into the unit staff in-service education and evaluation indicators, and Continuous tracking, period can effectively reduce the catheterassociated urinary tract infection density.
T86514 714707-715224 Sentence denotes The application of diversified strategy to improve quality of catheter care Yu-Mei Ho 1 *, Wen-Yin Huang 2 , Wen-Jen Yau 2 , Tsung-Yen Yang 1 , Po-Wen Yang 3 , Nan-Ping Yang 4 The key elements of CAUTIs bundles consisted of hand hygiene, wearing personal protective equipment, use of disposable gloves, cleansing of urethral meatus prior to catheter insertion using sterile saline, daily assessment of catheter need, aseptic urine sampling technique, making sure that draining bag and catheter were at right position.
T35835 715225-715339 Sentence denotes The multidisciplinary team was led by deputy superintendent; regular educational programs and committee were held.
T21838 715340-715426 Sentence denotes Incidences of CAUTIs and costs were compared between pre-and post-intervention phases.
T53516 715427-715435 Sentence denotes Results:
T94278 715436-715526 Sentence denotes There were 30 and 9 patients suffered from CAUTIs during pre-and post-intervention phases.
T36327 715527-715665 Sentence denotes The incidence rates of CAUTIs were 2.87 and 0.86 per 1000 catheter-days during pre-and postintervention phases, respectively ( p = 0.02 1.
T19152 715666-715721 Sentence denotes Establishment of the standard process of catheter care:
T14713 715722-715892 Sentence denotes The education and training of the standard catheter placement process and the daily care process, besides, keep monitoring the SOP, and production of catheter flow chart.
T7376 715893-715895 Sentence denotes 2.
T63174 715896-716113 Sentence denotes Remind early assessment of the possibility of removal of the catheter: remind the card of catheterization in bed-side, remind the days of catheterization in chart, and remind the days of catheterization in HIS system.
T3918 716114-716116 Sentence denotes 3.
T15402 716117-716166 Sentence denotes The implementation of the standard catheter care:
T39163 716167-716323 Sentence denotes To design new catheter fixed stickers,out of bed patients to use convenience pants which could hide urine bag, 3 M hooks affixed to keep urine bag smoothly.
T78682 716324-716488 Sentence denotes Placed ruby-red tape on the 1000 mL of the urine bag, checked the drainage system to maintain closed, and to avoid distorting or compressing after changed position.
T19019 716489-716497 Sentence denotes Results:
T12876 716498-716832 Sentence denotes After the implementation of intervention measures, we rechecked from September 1 to 30, the uncompleted care of indwelling urinary catheters rate of 13.66%. the indwelling catheter associated urinary tract infection rate was 0‰, the average number of days of indwelling catheter dropped significantly to 7.8 days in January to August.
T28468 716833-716844 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T65637 716845-717013 Sentence denotes In our unit, the indwelling catheter associated urinary tract infection rate was 3.35‰ last year. we checked, and did problem analysis, found out the causes of problem.
T29842 717014-717099 Sentence denotes With creative strategies to intervene, which those interventions included in the SOP.
T16506 717100-717189 Sentence denotes So that, the indwelling catheter associated urinary tract infection rate decreased to 0‰.
T37990 717190-717275 Sentence denotes Through transdiscipline, enhance the care of the implementation of infection control.
T55015 717276-717482 Sentence denotes Interprofessional collaborative practice to reduce the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia and the days of mechanical ventilation used in the intensive care unit Wan-Er Jang, Hsin-Yu Cheng, Yu Lin.
T82755 717483-717546 Sentence denotes Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Jang, Wan-Er
T31928 717547-717558 Sentence denotes Background:
T80686 717559-717704 Sentence denotes Ventilator associated pneumonia is a common hospital infection in critically ill patients, but also an important indicator of healthcare quality.
T17665 717705-718065 Sentence denotes In 2017, the infection rate of ventilator associated pneumonia was increased, so the establishment of this project, Interprofessional collaborative practice to reduce the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia and the days of mechanical ventilation used in the intensive care unit, thereby reducing mortality, hospital days and health care costs Methods:
T9485 718066-718154 Sentence denotes Further research with a larger cohort study could help to clarify these characteristics.
T3944 718155-718377 Sentence denotes The impact of bundle care on preventing healthcare-associated infections in an intensive care unit at a local hospital in Taiwan bundle care on preventing HAIs in an intensive care unit (ICU) at a local hospital in Taiwan.
T99640 718378-718386 Sentence denotes Methods:
T41368 718387-718597 Sentence denotes A quality-improvement intervention, including education, VAP bundle, central venous catheter (CVC) insertion bundle, CAUTI bundle, process and outcome surveillance, have been sequentially introduced since 2013.
T54816 718598-719044 Sentence denotes During the intervention period, we implemented a multidisciplinary care bundle consisted of (1) hand hygiene, (2) use of maximum barrier precautions, (3) use of 2% chlorhexidine scrub for the insertion site, (4) head-of-bed elevation 30°-45°, (5) education of providers, (6) a dedicated line cart, (7) checklist, (8) oral care with chlorhexidine solution twice daily, and (9) daily consideration of the need for the catheter and so many measures.
T73927 719045-719137 Sentence denotes The incidence rates of HAIs before and after bundle intervention were measured and compared.
T6793 719138-719146 Sentence denotes Results:
T5081 719147-719241 Sentence denotes The incidence rates of overall HAIs were 7.57‰ and 1.82‰ before and after bundle intervention.
T59149 719242-719385 Sentence denotes There was no episode of VAP recorded during the study period and the rate of ventilator use in ICU significantly decline from 60.89% to 42.96%.
T47266 719386-719516 Sentence denotes The incidence rates were 5.71‰ and 1.27‰ for BSI and 2.24‰ and 0.00‰ for CAUTI before and after bundle intervention, respectively.
T75812 719517-719528 Sentence denotes Background:
T30430 719529-719816 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) oral rinse and normal saline in reducing the number of oral bacteria and incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), in order to establish a standard procedure for clinical practice.
T10039 719817-719825 Sentence denotes Methods:
T9321 719826-719935 Sentence denotes A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in an intensive care unit(ICU) of a district hospital.
T66971 719936-720096 Sentence denotes The patients were randomly assigned into the experimental group (n = 22) received 0.2% CHG and the control group (n = 24) received normal saline for mouth care.
T8992 720097-720239 Sentence denotes Before the study initiated, education training was carried out in the ICU for the nursing staffs on oral care and oropharyngeal swab sampling.
T95643 720240-720322 Sentence denotes Chi-square and t-test were used to analyze the differences between the two groups.
T30566 720323-720418 Sentence denotes The survival time was analyzed to show whether there was a difference in the occurrence of VAP.
T51416 720419-720427 Sentence denotes Results:
T19661 720428-720562 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences in age, sex, types of artificial airway and the days of artificial airway use in the two groups.
T38241 720563-720701 Sentence denotes There were significant differences between colony growth (X 2 = 12.458, p < 0.001) and abnormal body temperature (X 2 = 5.123, p = 0.024).
T23114 720702-720828 Sentence denotes The incidence of VAP in the experimental and control groups was 1 (4.5%) and 4 (16.7%) (X 2 = 1.741, p = 0.187), respectively.
T63461 720829-720955 Sentence denotes The incidence of VAP in the experimental and control groups was 1 (4.5%) and 4 (16.7%) (X 2 = 1.741, p = 0.187), respectively.
T21739 720956-721086 Sentence denotes The survival analysis showed that the mean duration of VAP was 11 days in the experimental group and 5 days for the control group.
T30369 721087-721098 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T78788 721099-721364 Sentence denotes In comparison with the effectiveness of normal saline for oral care of patients with artificial airways and ventilator, the use of 0.2% CHG can significantly reduce the oral bacteria growth, reduce abnormal rate of temperature, and delay the time of VAP occurrence.
T4696 721365-721525 Sentence denotes It is recommended that future studies may be necessary to increase the sample size, to determine the effectiveness of 0.2% CHG in reducing the incidence of VAP.
T2976 721526-721656 Sentence denotes The findings suggest that 0.2% CHG can be used for oral care to reduce patient oral bacteria and delay the time of VAP occurrence.
T37392 721657-721831 Sentence denotes Coexistence of MCR-1 and NDM-9 in a clinical carbapenemresistant Escherichia coli isolate Chih-Cheng Lai 1 , Chi-Chung Chen 2,3 , Yin-Ching Chuang 2,4 *, Hung-Jen Tang 5,6 *.
T30644 721832-721843 Sentence denotes Background:
T15866 721844-722007 Sentence denotes Since New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) was first detected, several variants have been further identified that differ by one or two amino acid substitutions.
T46803 722008-722134 Sentence denotes In 2014, a novel NDM-9 metallo-β-lactamase was first identified from a sequence type 107 (ST107) Klebsiella pneumoniae strain.
T37037 722135-722281 Sentence denotes Like the other NDM variants, NDM-9 confers high levels of resistance and compromises the effectiveness of most antibiotics, including carbapenems.
T42902 722282-722616 Sentence denotes Although polymyxin B and colistin ( polymyxin E) offer limited treatment options for multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms carrying NDM-9, the emergence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 (for mobilised colistin resistance gene) conferring resistance to colistin ( polymyxin E) may attenuate the utility of colistin.
T23360 722617-722625 Sentence denotes Methods:
T95730 722626-722726 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the clinical isolate was tested by the agar dilution method.
T97730 722727-722848 Sentence denotes Genetic backgrounds were detected including multilocus sequence typing (MLST), drug resistant gene by PCR and sequencing.
T76236 722849-722857 Sentence denotes Results:
T73814 722858-723041 Sentence denotes The 79-year-old female patient had a history of colon cancer and chronic kidney disease and had undergone a radical left hemicolectomy 1 month prior to the current hospital admission.
T27205 723042-723116 Sentence denotes She was admitted to intensive care unit for peritonitis with septic shock.
T22616 723117-723260 Sentence denotes Her clinical condition and haemodynamic status gradually improved following antibiotic treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) for 7 days.
T80226 723261-723509 Sentence denotes The results of laboratory examinations were as follows: white blood cell count, 22,100/ mm 3 ; platelet count, 191,000/mm 3 ; creatinine, 4.89 mg/dL; aspartate aminotransferase, 10 IU/L; and C-reactive protein, 43.7 mg/L (reference value, <5 mg/L).
T14504 723510-723671 Sentence denotes Despite TZP being resumed for UTI complicated by sepsis syndrome, her clinical condition rapidly deteriorated and the patient's family requested supportive care.
T96810 723672-723733 Sentence denotes Finally, the patient died on the 11th day of hospitalization.
T57401 723734-723809 Sentence denotes Meanwhile, the urinary catheter specimen grew carbapenem-resistant E. coli.
T36096 723810-723889 Sentence denotes Molecular diagnosis was identified the E coli isolate carrying MCR-1 and NDM-9.
T88387 723890-723901 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T47727 723902-724188 Sentence denotes The present case indicates the possibility of coproduction of MCR-1 and NDM-9 among clinical isolates and indicates the importance of surveillance of colistin-and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates and associated genes in humans, with special reference to MCR-1 and NDM-9.
T80958 724189-724200 Sentence denotes Background:
T53605 724201-724393 Sentence denotes This study was intended to investigate the impact of implementation of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) bundle care on the incidence of CA-UTI in high-risk units in Taiwan.
T31388 724394-724402 Sentence denotes Methods:
T44951 724403-724630 Sentence denotes Thirteen high-risk units, including medical (n = 5), surgical (n = 3), cardiac intensive care units (n = 2), respiratory care centers (n = 2), and respiratory care ward (n = 1) were included in this quality-improvement project.
T35815 724631-724809 Sentence denotes The stud period was divided into the pre-intervention phase (between January 1, 2013 and July 31, 2013) and post-intervention phase (between August 1, 2013 and October 31, 2013).
T20969 724810-724818 Sentence denotes Results:
T50729 724819-724982 Sentence denotes The incidence of CA-UTI decreased from 3.86 to 2.98 per 1,000 catheter-days (95% CI, 0.65-0.82; p < 0.0001) before and after the introduction of the CA-UTI bundle.
T92920 724983-725088 Sentence denotes Among 66 episodes of culture-proven CA-UTIs, Candida spp. were the most common pathogens (n = 17, 25.8%).
T56631 725089-725222 Sentence denotes For the seven elements of the insertion bundle, the compliance was the lowest for cleaning of the perineum, followed by hand hygiene.
T39352 725223-725381 Sentence denotes The overall compliance rates of the insertion bundle were 93.4%, 99.5%, and 96.3% in medical centers, regional hospitals, and district hospital, respectively.
T47557 725382-725509 Sentence denotes For the six elements of the maintenance bundle, the compliance was the lowest for daily review of the need of a Foley catheter.
T74152 725510-725670 Sentence denotes The overall compliance rates of the maintenance bundle were 95.7%, 99.9%, and 99.9% in medical centers, regional hospitals, and district hospital, respectively.
T10649 725671-725682 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T78790 725683-725739 Sentence denotes The implementation of CA-UTI bundle care reduced CA-UTI.
T76373 725740-725858 Sentence denotes A process surveillance checklist can be helpful for understanding which parts of the bundle care require improvements.
T90481 725859-726030 Sentence denotes The role of doxycycline in the therapy of multidrug-resistant E. colian in vitro study Chih-Cheng Lai 1 , Chi-Chung Chen 2,3 , Yin-Ching Chuang 2,4 *, Hung-Jen Tang 5,6 *.
T66418 726031-726042 Sentence denotes Background:
T97490 726043-726203 Sentence denotes This study assessed the in vitro antibacterial activity of combinations of amikacin and doxycycline or tigecycline against multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates.
T90216 726204-726212 Sentence denotes Methods:
T35732 726213-726445 Sentence denotes Twenty-four different pulsotypes, including 10 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-, 10 carbapenem-resistant, 2 New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-and 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-E. coli isolates were collected.
T86139 726446-726535 Sentence denotes Combination effect was detected by two methods, including the checkerboard, time-killing.
T50829 726536-726544 Sentence denotes Results:
T84093 726545-726606 Sentence denotes All 24 isolates were susceptible to amikacin and tigecycline.
T37066 726607-726696 Sentence denotes Only 30% of ESBL and 50% of carbapenem-resistant E. coli were susceptible to doxycycline.
T34190 726697-726743 Sentence denotes Both of the NDM-E. coli had a MIC of 64 μg/ml.
T50745 726744-726906 Sentence denotes The checkerboard method showed that for the ESBL-and carbapenem-resistant E. coli, the synergistic effects of amikacin/doxycycline were 80% and 90%, respectively.
T52261 726907-727025 Sentence denotes For the two KPC-and two NDM-E. coli, the FIC index of amikacin/doxycycline were 0.5/0.375 and 0.5/0.281, respectively.
T15265 727026-727285 Sentence denotes For the ESBL-and carbapenem-resistant E. coli isolates, the combinations of amikacin and doxycycline exhibited synergistic activities against 80%, and 80% and 10% vs 60%, and 80% and 10% of the isolates at concentrations of 1x, 1/2x and 1/4xMIC, respectively.
T52452 727286-727394 Sentence denotes The synergistic effect seems to be similar for doxycycline and tigecycline based combinations with amikacin.
T45205 727395-727406 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T19964 727407-727559 Sentence denotes The antibacterial activity of doxycycline can be enhanced by the addition of amikacin and is observed against most multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates.
T44081 727560-727728 Sentence denotes The impact of 30-day mortality with central venous catheter associated bloodstream infections in a medical center Shu Mei Sun 1 , Yin Yin Chen 1,2 , Fu Der Wang 1,2,3 .
T53189 727729-727883 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 2 National Yang-Ming University, 3 Medical Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Background:
T30989 727884-728022 Sentence denotes Central venous catheters are significant risk factors for healthcare associated bloodstream infection, and often increased mortality risk.
T23726 728023-728031 Sentence denotes Methods:
T20210 728032-728129 Sentence denotes A retrospectively surveillance study was conducted in a nearly 3000-bed medical center in taiwan.
T10138 728130-728294 Sentence denotes All hospitalized patients were older than 20-year-old and developed healthcare associated bloodstream infection admitted after 48hrs during 2013-2014 were included.
T82398 728295-728456 Sentence denotes We only included the first episode of bloodstream infection,if patients who had experienced more than one episode of healthcare associated bloodstream infection.
T70627 728457-728582 Sentence denotes Univariate analysis using the Chi-square test or t-test or Mann-Whitney U test to identify significant risk factors of CABSI.
T35332 728583-728703 Sentence denotes And finaly the logistic regression was used to explore the impact and prognostic factors of 30-day mortality with CABSI.
T35364 728704-728712 Sentence denotes Results:
T86214 728713-728863 Sentence denotes A total of 1538 healthcare associated bloodstream infections were enrolled in this study, and 36.2% of these were central venous catheters associated.
T18490 728864-729061 Sentence denotes Patients who experienced CABSI were high mortality rate than non-CABSI group (44.8% vs. 27.1%, p < 0.001) as well as 30-day mortality (34.7% vs. 20.8%, p < 0.001) in the univariate analysis result.
T17898 729062-729300 Sentence denotes After controlling for potentially confounding factors by use of logistic regression modeling analysis, we identified CABSI was the independent risk factors for 30-day mortality (OR, 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-2.10, p = 0.02).
T43114 729301-729312 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T77830 729313-729438 Sentence denotes Our result demonstrated central venous catheter associated bloodstream infections led a higher mortality in a medical center.
T17259 729439-729613 Sentence denotes Removing catheters to reduce usage of urinary catheterization and urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients Wan Tsuei Huang 1 , Yin Yin Chen 1,2 , Fu Der Wang 1,2,3 .
T30268 729614-729703 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 2 National Yang-Ming University, 3
T35202 729705-729716 Sentence denotes Background:
T6282 729717-729911 Sentence denotes This study applies "removing catheters" to evaluate the effect of evaluation measures on the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infections, catheterization days, and urinary catheter use.
T8287 729912-729920 Sentence denotes Methods:
T43714 729921-730089 Sentence denotes A Prospective follow-up study was performed in medical center. we approach all indwelling urinary catheters presence for more than 24 hours during Jul 2014 to Jun 2015.
T62318 730090-730286 Sentence denotes Since July 1, 2014, intervention in catheter catheterization of urinary catheterization evaluation measures to observe the use of catheter and catheterrelated urinary tract infection rate changes.
T20538 730287-730295 Sentence denotes Results:
T49538 730296-730337 Sentence denotes A total of 4,677 patients were recruited.
T73115 730338-730467 Sentence denotes Utilization rate of indwelling urinary catheters from 33.91% before the intervention decreased significantly to 30% ( p = 0.032).
T99258 730468-730553 Sentence denotes The duration of catheterization was increased from 5.1 days to 6.9 days ( p = 0.001).
T53572 730554-730698 Sentence denotes The average rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infections is 4.42‰ ( p = 0.826), The chi-square trend test had no significant difference.
T18553 730699-730710 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T48609 730711-730840 Sentence denotes Evaluation of urinary catheter extraction provided physicians or nurses to assess and remove of the catheter as soon as possible.
T57189 730841-731185 Sentence denotes There are many factors that affect CAUTI, It is recommended that the future continue to promote multi-faceted measures such as through teamwork to reduce unnecessary catheter indwelling; and to more attention to bladder function assessment, Continuing to reduce catheter use and resuscitation rates, and hope to be able to reduce CAUTI finally.
T346 731186-731308 Sentence denotes Regional hospital using bundle care to lower ventilatorassociated pneumonia infection in ICU Hsiao-Pei Kuo*, Yee-Huang Ku.
T3565 731309-731395 Sentence denotes Infection Control Center, Chi mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan Background:
T98172 731396-731556 Sentence denotes Respiratory-related pneumonia not only increases patient mortality, prolonged hospital days and medical expenses, more seriously affect the patient's prognosis.
T81943 731557-731734 Sentence denotes Intervention of respirator-associated pneumonia combined with compliance with the rate of compliance audits, can effectively reduce the respiratory rate of pneumonia associated.
T28536 731735-731743 Sentence denotes Methods:
T51579 731744-731954 Sentence denotes There are five adult intensive care units in a district hospital in the south, and a combination of respirator-associated pneumonia is based on the 2015-2016 Intrusive Care Disposal Quality Improvement Program.
T32942 731955-732140 Sentence denotes July-December 2015 for the first phase after implementation, January-June 2016 for the second phase after implementation, July to December 2016 for the third stage after implementation.
T36287 732141-732149 Sentence denotes Results:
T52328 732150-732304 Sentence denotes Statistics of the first phase of compliance: daily extubation assessment 100%, 100% stabilization agent, oral care 98%, 87% bedside, 100% of the emptying.
T41333 732305-732435 Sentence denotes Due to bedside elevation compliance is low, by the respiratory therapist and unit care chief to enhance the reminder and feedback.
T93814 732436-732597 Sentence denotes The second stage of the audit effectiveness of bedside elevation compliance rate of 86%, the third stage audit results bedside compliance compliance rate of 92%.
T1100 732598-732700 Sentence denotes Oral care from the first stage compliance rate of 98% to upgrade to the third stage of 99% compliance.
T72669 732701-732815 Sentence denotes Respiratory associated pneumonia infection rate decreased from 2.64‰ before intervention to the third stage 2.12‰.
T31295 732816-732827 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T72729 732828-733048 Sentence denotes The establishment of regular feedback and audit mechanism is very important, and then through teamwork, can effectively improve the compliance rate, thereby reducing the respiration rate of respiratory-related pneumonia.
T19070 733049-733165 Sentence denotes So the third phase of the hospital compliance rate of up to 91.4%, can reduce the respiration of 24.5% of pneumonia.
T70553 733166-733311 Sentence denotes Improvement of ventilator-associated pneumonia bundle care through teamwork in an intensive care unit Yu-Hsia Wang*, Li-Hsueh Chen, Nai-Zhen Hou.
T24514 733312-733372 Sentence denotes Department of Nursing, Tainan Municipal Hospital Background:
T27697 733373-733518 Sentence denotes With a mortality rate approaching 35-90%, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) accounts for 13-18% of health care-associated infections (HCAIs).
T71447 733519-733727 Sentence denotes Patients receiving mechanically assisted ventilation have more risks for acquiring pneumonia compared with patients not receiving ventilatory support and the risk for acquiring pneumonia increased 1% per day.
T279 733728-733759 Sentence denotes Prevention is better than cure.
T11838 733760-733841 Sentence denotes Therefore, caring for patients on mechanical ventilators is especially important.
T73520 733842-733939 Sentence denotes It's expected that implementation care bundles improved HCAIs rates and ensure high care quality.
T94840 733940-733948 Sentence denotes Methods:
T22550 733949-734194 Sentence denotes Care bundles including care of ventilator circuit, daily assessment of sedation, oral hygiene, head of the bed elevation to 30-45°, intermittent subglottic secretion drainage, and drain from ventilator circuit was implemented from January, 2015.
T96009 734195-734497 Sentence denotes The incidence of VAP was higher than other hospitals during initial implementation stage and the causes were lack of knowledge of care bundle strategies, low implementation rate, lack of unified mouthwash ingredients, lack of standards and auditing practice, low correction rate (50%) in care practice.
T95753 734498-734790 Sentence denotes For strengthening implementation of infection control measures, the changes in institutions, management, and human behavior were needed, hence the measures included education programs, evidence-based research, innovative approach, VAP guideline and audits through multidisciplinary team work.
T52456 734791-734799 Sentence denotes Results:
T46606 734800-734822 Sentence denotes Care quality improved.
T15423 734823-734956 Sentence denotes In addition, staff's knowledge about VAP increased from 70% to 100% and accuracy and implementation of care achieving 100% via audit.
T1163 734957-735120 Sentence denotes The analysis of control chart for monitoring rate of VAP indicated that the process was under control with dramatic improvement by comparison with other hospitals.
T52124 735121-735210 Sentence denotes The other benefits included higher rate of ventilator weaning and lowered infection rate.
T88557 735211-735222 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T97980 735223-735329 Sentence denotes The use of teamwork builds safety culture and contributes to further promote compliance with care bundles.
T85603 735330-735517 Sentence denotes The changes in institute, management and staff's behavior not only improve quality of health care but also assure patient safety, and benefits of hospitals, health workers and government.
T24427 735518-735653 Sentence denotes Reduced the ventilatorassociated pneumonia in the surgical intensive care unit: upgrade the integrated care Pei-Yu Taeng, Fang-Yu Shih.
T93970 735654-735735 Sentence denotes Nursing, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital Background:
T94 735736-735885 Sentence denotes The incidence of ventilator -associated pneumonia in the surgical intensive care ward in 2015 was 2.22‰, which was higher than that of others(1.26‰).
T89358 735886-735927 Sentence denotes In 2016, integrated care was carried out.
T14972 735928-735976 Sentence denotes However, it was found that was poorly practiced.
T27446 735977-736138 Sentence denotes The program is not familiar with the lack of relevant education and training, in April 2016, the incidence of respiratory-related pneumonia was as high as 6.33‰.
T60272 736139-736199 Sentence denotes Resulting in the nursing care quality has a great challenge.
T95866 736200-736208 Sentence denotes Methods:
T65763 736209-736319 Sentence denotes The intensive care unit physician, nurse and respiratory therapist composed of special committee in July 2016.
T67822 736320-736383 Sentence denotes Using of innovative methods to produce VAP Bundle Care posters.
T82788 736384-736488 Sentence denotes To standardize elevating the bed 30 degrees, modify the oral care and daily Teamwork hand over document.
T41067 736489-736571 Sentence denotes Sustained training on the job to enhance colleagues' realizes the integrated care.
T72482 736572-736580 Sentence denotes Results:
T84383 736581-736654 Sentence denotes After 10-month later, the unit-integrated care increased from 58% to 98%.
T27474 736655-736721 Sentence denotes The improved cognitive test increased from 62 points to 95 points.
T23232 736722-736793 Sentence denotes The ventilator-associated pneumonia rate decreased from 4.16‰ to 2.87‰.
T779 736794-736805 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T80002 736806-736946 Sentence denotes The implementation of integrated care in the respiratory cause of the relevant pneumonia, can reduce the infection caused by the ventilator.
T86430 736947-737089 Sentence denotes Also reduce the number of days the patient to use respirators,and shorten the length of patient stay and mortality in the intensive care unit.
T2070 737090-737223 Sentence denotes The efficacy of care bundle to improve catheter-associated urinary tract infection Si-Yin Lin 1 , Chih-Jen Liu 2 , Chen-Szu Chin 3 *.
T2828 737224-737438 Sentence denotes In addition to formal program, we started a protocol that recruiting patient himself and the family members to participate the care bundle of CAUTI in order to improve the care quality and reduce the rate of CAUTI.
T48651 737439-737447 Sentence denotes Methods:
T60813 737448-737523 Sentence denotes The hospital task group started the program of intervention from July 2105.
T26516 737524-737714 Sentence denotes After primary surveying on 20 staffs on the performance of "urinary catheterization," it revealed that, although the knowledge of CAUTI was 90% correct, the performance was only 55% correct.
T48242 737715-737825 Sentence denotes Since then, we introduced the care bundle programs for urinary catheterization in our medical /surgical wards.
T4485 737826-738007 Sentence denotes The programs are: (1) in-service education for the medical team members, including hand-on teaching and on-line learning; (2) were the independent risk factors for 28-day mortality.
T20042 738008-738189 Sentence denotes We further stratified patients into critically ill and non-critically ill group, and found appropriate antimicrobial therapy was not associated with survival benefit in both groups.
T45750 738190-738201 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T13370 738202-738283 Sentence denotes Host factors were the predictors for mortality in patients with CRKP bacteriuria.
T87282 738284-738404 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial treatment was not associated with survival benefit in either critically ill or noncritically ill patients.
T52819 738405-738490 Sentence denotes The findings may provide some insight on future antibiotic stewardship interventions.
T80822 738491-738658 Sentence denotes The influence of changing frequency of patient's urinary drainage bag on the cleanliness and urinary tract infection Chu-Chun Lin 1 , Yin-Yin Chen 2 , Fu-Der Wang 3 *.
T83349 738659-738670 Sentence denotes Background:
T74149 738671-738741 Sentence denotes Indwelled urinary catheter is one of the commonest clinical treatment.
T79726 738742-738920 Sentence denotes There is no evidence based on replacing timing of foley catheter or urinary drainage bag, the range from a week, two weeks to per month in cilinical standard operation procedure.
T31957 738921-739055 Sentence denotes The research motivation comes from our operation is different from the guideline of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
T94370 739056-739064 Sentence denotes Methods:
T96520 739065-739173 Sentence denotes Observational study between June 1st, 2013 and July 31st, 2014, 107 of patients were allocated to our study.
T6972 739174-739283 Sentence denotes Cases were inpatients with foley over 14 days that were in infection ward of central hospital in Taipei city.
T93602 739284-739414 Sentence denotes The risk factor of the contamination quality of the urinary drainage bag with binary outcomes was analyzed by logistic regression.
T7359 739415-739494 Sentence denotes And we observe two groups with changing urinary drainage bag in 14 days or not.
T47121 739495-739503 Sentence denotes Results:
T6947 739504-739627 Sentence denotes It is found that there are 63 (58.9%) patient's foley were clean and 44 (41.1%) were contaminate in not changing bag group.
T95168 739628-739710 Sentence denotes In changing bag group 29 (78.4%) were clean and 8 (21.6%) were dirty ( p = 0.033).
T69243 739711-739818 Sentence denotes The two groups in the urinary drainage bag of cleanliness there was no significant difference ( p = 0.302).
T65254 739819-739938 Sentence denotes In silicone material than latex catheter coated silicone coating material has trained more microorganisms ( p = 0.013).
T36523 739939-740164 Sentence denotes Compared to the two groups, the not changing bag group microorganism culture data was over 105cfu, and with 14 patients (13.1%), changing group is 4 patient (10.8%), there is no significant in statistic analysis ( p = 0.486).
T64772 740165-740275 Sentence denotes Logistic regression were use analyzing, we adjusted other variables, not changing group has sheltering effect.
T93540 740276-740389 Sentence denotes However, whethere changing urinary drainage bag or not would be not significant in bacteria culture ( p = 0.717).
T83350 740390-740401 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T89800 740402-740694 Sentence denotes Patients indwelling catheter for more than 14 days in the group did not change the urinary drainage bag every 14 days the catheter is significantly dirty, but there is no significant difference in the urinary drainage bag and microbial culture with the replacement urinary drainage bag group.
T69679 740695-740706 Sentence denotes Background:
T41609 740707-740889 Sentence denotes Most of the residents in the LTCFs were survivors from acute medical conditions and frequently harbored multi-drug resistant organisms resulting from their previous treatment course.
T39238 740890-741014 Sentence denotes Therefore, infection or colonization with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have become an important issue.
T27196 741015-741255 Sentence denotes This study planned to investigate the antimicrobial agent susceptibility of and the molecular typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the residents and environments in six long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Taiwan.
T68348 741256-741264 Sentence denotes Methods:
T75359 741265-741414 Sentence denotes We prospectively investigated the existence of MDROs, including MRSA, in residents of six LTCFs and their environments from January to December 2016.
T40291 741415-741554 Sentence denotes Active surveillance of colonization of MDROs was performed by culturing nasal and rectal swab samples every three months for the residents.
T50194 741555-741653 Sentence denotes If MSA was identified, then swab specimens from environmental sources were collected and cultured.
T47390 741654-741742 Sentence denotes The minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) of common anti-microbial agents were tested.
T71681 741743-741849 Sentence denotes The SCCmec genotype and Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of selected MRSA isolates were further analyzed.
T23376 741850-741858 Sentence denotes Results:
T56513 741859-741930 Sentence denotes A total of 339 isolates of MRSA was identified during the study period.
T21524 741931-742000 Sentence denotes Among them, 135 isolates (39.8%) were identified from LTCF residents.
T69539 742001-742141 Sentence denotes Generally, the isolate numbers from LTCF residents in each surveillance culture correlated with the number of isolates from the environment.
T36515 742142-742194 Sentence denotes The predominant SCCmec genotypes were type IV and V.
T42466 742195-742280 Sentence denotes The predominant MLST types belonged to ST59 (42.3%, 60/152) and ST45 (19.7%, 28/142).
T52794 742281-742347 Sentence denotes The predominant MLST strains varied from facilities to facilities.
T10900 742348-742455 Sentence denotes However, the MLST typing from the environment cultures could correlate with the culture from the residents.
T73578 742456-742577 Sentence denotes The minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) of 339 isolates of MRSA to various commonly used antibiotics were determined.
T58870 742578-742705 Sentence denotes All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, nitrofurantoin, quinopristin-dalfoprestine, linezolid, mupirocin, and teicoplanin.
T85938 742706-742849 Sentence denotes Daptomycin (99.7%), rifampicin (97.9%), and fucidic acid (96.8%) also exerted excellent in vitro activities against these 339 isolates of MRSA.
T24433 742850-742992 Sentence denotes However, the MIC values of tetracycline, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin were significantly lower in ST59 as compared to ST45.
T40421 742993-743004 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T31507 743005-743093 Sentence denotes The MRSA widely distributed in some but not all the long-term care facilities in Taiwan.
T39485 743094-743155 Sentence denotes No single clonal expansion was found in different facilities.
T22663 743156-743272 Sentence denotes However, the MLST typing of the environmental stains highly correlated with the colonized strains in LTCF residents.
T88781 743273-743414 Sentence denotes An individualized environmental cleansing policy should be adopted to facilitate the LTCF to reduce the environmental colonization with MRSA.
T4131 743415-743548 Sentence denotes Commonly used antimicrobial agents against hospital-acquired strain of MRSA remained highly active against these isolates from LTCFs.
T73458 743549-743581 Sentence denotes Fang-Chen Hung, Chun-Hsing Liao.
T2956 743582-743648 Sentence denotes Far Eastern Memorial Hospital Infection control center Background:
T33375 743649-743753 Sentence denotes Oncology patients with central artificial venous catheters have increased risk of bloodstream infection.
T36974 743754-743907 Sentence denotes Up to 70% of the patients in our oncology ward use central venous catheter for chemotherapy and the incidence of bloodstream infection was 5.92‰ in 2014.
T89851 743908-744032 Sentence denotes Due to the high incidence of bloodstream infection at this unit, a series of improvement program was carried out since 2015.
T58287 744033-744041 Sentence denotes Methods:
T8995 744042-744106 Sentence denotes This unit has 55 beds and an average hospital stay of 11.3 days.
T18968 744107-744184 Sentence denotes A task force was formed by oncologists, nurses, and infection control staffs.
T50806 744185-744351 Sentence denotes A serial of interventions were enforced including (1) use of pre-filled heparin syringe (2) reduction of non-essential use of artificial blood vessels (3) Background:
T43906 744352-744468 Sentence denotes Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a frequent hospital acquired infections among intensive care unit patients.
T81745 744469-744638 Sentence denotes The goal of this study was to apply a bundle for ventilatorassociated pneumonia prevention as a process for quality improvement in a single surgical intensive care unit.
T11490 744639-744647 Sentence denotes Methods:
T32890 744648-744854 Sentence denotes It consisted of the implementation of an evidence-based ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention bundle adapted to surgical ICU and using the plan-do-study-act cycle as a strategy for quality improvement.
T30097 744855-745177 Sentence denotes The 7-element care bundle was implemented, including head-of-bed elevation 30°-45°, daily sedation vacation and assessment for extubation, peptic ulcer disease prophylaxis, oral care with chlorhexidine, and prevent tube condensate from entering the airways and maintenance of endotracheal tube cuff pressure at 20-30 mmHg.
T70635 745178-745233 Sentence denotes The bundle compliance and VAP rates were then followed.
T67599 745234-745410 Sentence denotes This study analyses the SICU utilization, ventilator utilization, and VAP incidence between January 2014 and June 2014 to assess the impact of VAP bundle in a clinical setting.
T94407 745411-745419 Sentence denotes Results:
T64752 745420-745477 Sentence denotes A total of 202 SICU patients were analyzed in this study.
T95075 745478-745548 Sentence denotes The mean age was older than control group (63.83 vs. 48.71 years old).
T93460 745549-745617 Sentence denotes The ventilator days were longer than control group (9 vs. 4.8 days).
T65202 745618-745921 Sentence denotes Compared with control group, the patients with VAP has higher incidence of underline with COPD(16.7 vs. 11.2%), higher rate of H2 blocker or PPI use (100% vs. 70%), higher rate of using inotropic agent immediately after ventilator support (33.3% and 18.4%), and higher rate of TPN use (66.7% vs. 13.3%).
T51420 745922-746001 Sentence denotes The mean interval between intubation and diagnosis of VAP was 14.3 days (1-56).
T80089 746002-746074 Sentence denotes The mean interval between intubation and mortality was 36.6 days (9-92).
T66040 746075-746387 Sentence denotes In response to VAP bundle interventions, no difference in SICU utilization ( p = 0.32) between the pre-VAP and post-VAP bundle phases was noted, whereas the ventilator utilization was decreased, from 359 ventilator days to 295 ventilator days ( p = 0.19) monthly; the VAP density had remarkably decreased from 1.
T98832 746388-746401 Sentence denotes 4 Background:
T14036 746402-746501 Sentence denotes There is a worldwide increase in the incidence of Carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (CPE).
T68462 746502-746706 Sentence denotes CPE contain plasmid-borne genetic materials that are capable of spreading rapidly between bacteria and between individuals, rendering Carbapenems, an important group of broad spectrum antibiotics useless.
T77296 746707-746821 Sentence denotes We detected a significant increase in CPE, including three outbreaks, in a 285-bed convalescence hospital in 2016.
T25356 746822-747026 Sentence denotes Although standard infection control measures like hand hygiene audit and regular environmental decontamination were in place, the CPE incidence increased and rose to 0.34/1,000-patient-bed-days in 2Q2016.
T59692 747027-747073 Sentence denotes Hence, a CPE reduction program was formulated.
T74853 747074-747082 Sentence denotes Methods:
T43539 747083-747192 Sentence denotes The CPE reduction program started in July 2016 and focused on three areas: (1) active surveillance screening:
T91183 747193-747315 Sentence denotes Patients who complained of diarrheal symptoms or stayed more than 7 days with antimicrobial therapy were screened for CPE.
T74530 747316-747476 Sentence denotes This enabled early identification and isolation of CPE carriers; (2) Focused hand hygiene compliance improvement program during napkin care and enteral feeding.
T35742 747477-747785 Sentence denotes Concurrent feedbacks were given to frontlines, and results were reported to senior management on monthly basis. (3) Patient environmental care improvement: environmental cleanliness was further maximized by regular ward decontamination by the central cleansing team and ad hoc cleaning once CRE was detected.
T58878 747786-747870 Sentence denotes Staff cleansing technique was assessed by regular procedural and hand hygiene audit.
T18755 747871-747999 Sentence denotes UV fluorescent marker was also utilized and applied to high touch areas including the pantry sinks to monitor their performance.
T41188 748000-748192 Sentence denotes Further environmental measures were initiated including sink decontamination, revised body fluid disposal procedures, revised handling enteral feeding milk and equipment, and patient utensils.
T11596 748193-748201 Sentence denotes Results:
T72825 748202-748370 Sentence denotes The incidence of nosocomial CPE dropped by 67% to 0.11/ 1,000-patient-bed-days in 1Q2017 and there were no CPE outbreaks after the launch for our CPE reduction program.
T94045 748371-748549 Sentence denotes Hand hygiene compliance improved from 90.9% to 95.4%: in particular, hand hygiene before enteral feeding was increased from 95.6% to 100%; Hand hygiene for napkin care were >95%.
T20831 748550-748675 Sentence denotes UV fluorescent marker assessment showed percentage of marked environment being effectively cleaned increased from 71% to 83%.
T41140 748676-748687 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T41157 748688-748770 Sentence denotes Our CPE reduction program controlled the nosocomial spread of CPE in our hospital.
T79286 748771-748917 Sentence denotes Early identification and isolation of CPE carriers, enhanced environmental hygiene and focused hand hygiene are essential elements of our success.
T23281 748918-749058 Sentence denotes Finally, good communication and cooperation between frontlines and infection control team are indispensable for any MDRO reduction programs.
T61127 749059-749067 Sentence denotes Methods:
T45382 749068-749229 Sentence denotes We conducted a retrospective study on 286 patients treated with mechanical ventilation for more than or equal to 2 calendar days from April 2015 to October 2016.
T2988 749230-749320 Sentence denotes We compared mechanical ventilated patients defined as VAE with patients defined as no VAE.
T84855 749321-749380 Sentence denotes We also analyzed risk factors and clinical outcomes of VAE.
T37762 749381-749490 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis was performed with Chisquare test and significant difference was determined by p < 0.05.
T80295 749491-749499 Sentence denotes Results:
T76796 749500-749693 Sentence denotes Among 286 episodes of mechanical ventilation, 18 episodes were complicated with VAE; 6 of ventilator-associated conditions (VAC), 9 of infection-related VAC (IVAC) and 3 of possible VAP (PVAP).
T81179 749694-749813 Sentence denotes Chest Xp findings were as follows; 11 of pleural effusion, 5 of pulmonary edema, 1 of pneumothrax and 1 of no findings.
T16761 749814-749893 Sentence denotes VAE occurred more frequently in medical ICU than in surgical ICU ( p < 0.0001).
T31627 749894-749952 Sentence denotes The length of ICU stay became longer in VAE ( p < 0.0001).
T21497 749953-750042 Sentence denotes The mortality rate in VAE group was significantly higher than no VAE group ( p < 0.0001).
T41641 750043-750174 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences between VAE group and no VAE group on intravenous volume overload and nutritional management.
T13822 750175-750238 Sentence denotes All patients defined as VAE showed hypoalbuminemia (<3.0 g/dL).
T31443 750239-750250 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T6880 750251-750412 Sentence denotes Since VAE affects patient's QOL and prognosis, It might be also important to improve malnutrition in VAE patients with nutrition support team for preventing VAE.
T36163 750413-750615 Sentence denotes The excellent infection control policy of zero infection in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in hemodialysis roomone teaching hospital experience Han-Chuan Chuang 1 , Jen-Zon Chen 2 , Yuarn-Jang Lee 1 .
T32750 750616-750789 Sentence denotes 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 2 Department of Infection Control, Taipei Medical University Hospital
T74146 750790-750801 Sentence denotes Background:
T77328 750802-750887 Sentence denotes The patients under regular hemodialysis has risk of staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
T97837 750888-750947 Sentence denotes The risk factors included vascular access and co-morbidity.
T11438 750948-751014 Sentence denotes The mortality rate of staphylococcus aureus was high up to 15-50%.
T43644 751015-751174 Sentence denotes S. aureus can cause infective endocarditis, septic arthritis and osteomyelitis after bacteremia and in-hospital mortality of infective endocarditis was 22-66%.
T78654 751175-751262 Sentence denotes This important issue is how to prevent the episode of staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
T93520 751263-751376 Sentence denotes According to previous studies, staphylococcus aureus nasal carrier would follow staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
T80236 751377-751548 Sentence denotes Therefore, we wonder to know if decreasing nasal carrier rate of staphylococcus aureus in hemodialysis room would reduce the incidence of staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
T52780 751549-751557 Sentence denotes Methods:
T2180 751558-751699 Sentence denotes One infection control policy was implemented since May 2016 to Dec 2016 in the hemodialysis room of one 736-beds teaching hospital in Taiwan.
T8042 751700-751725 Sentence denotes We included 319 patients.
T43192 751726-751889 Sentence denotes The policy included two steps: (1) active surveillance of staphylococcus aureus nasal swabs every 3 months and (2) decolonization as staphylococcus aureus carrier.
T24896 751890-751898 Sentence denotes Results:
T56278 751899-752007 Sentence denotes After this policy, the rate of staphylococcus aureus nasal carrier diminished as three sequential screening.
T52304 752008-752151 Sentence denotes The incidence of staphylococcus aureus bacteremia was near zero except one patient with methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
T65758 752152-752163 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T28839 752164-752292 Sentence denotes As this study supported that the active surveillance give the good infection control in the patients under regular hemodialysis.
T44172 752293-752459 Sentence denotes An outbreak of influenza in the psychiatric hospital in Taiwan Yu-Chen Lin*, Kuan-Sheng Chung, Hsiu-Chu Liu, Jui-Sui Wang, Chih-Lung Hsieh, I-Yen Lee, Kuei-Ching Lin.
T80185 752460-752522 Sentence denotes Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital Background:
T82552 752523-752663 Sentence denotes The study was investigated the process of influenza transmission and infection control intervention was applied in the psychiatric hospital.
T83559 752664-752844 Sentence denotes In addition, the weakness point of infection control intervention, fomite transmission, the effect and timing of Tamiflu ® (oseltamivir phosphate) used was discussed in this study.
T20683 752845-752853 Sentence denotes Methods:
T88224 752854-752991 Sentence denotes The action research method was used in order to offer the suitable intervention of infection control on time in the psychiatric hospital.
T58566 752992-753210 Sentence denotes The information about the influenza vaccination rate, the way of Tamiflu ® (oseltamivir phosphate) used, symptoms of influenza, result of influenza rapid screening, epidemic curve of disease transmission was collected.
T41080 753211-753219 Sentence denotes Results:
T99184 753220-753342 Sentence denotes The first patient with influenza-like illness (ILI) was reported by the critical intensive care unit on 22nd of Jan, 2016.
T24096 753343-753411 Sentence denotes Six cases with influenza-like illness were reported after one night.
T70173 753412-753504 Sentence denotes An acute ward, a pediatric and adolescent ward was reported an outbreak event within 7 days.
T19242 753505-753618 Sentence denotes 25 patients and 6 health care professionals were suffered from seasonal influenza in the three psychiatric wards.
T37117 753619-753705 Sentence denotes The influenza vaccination rates among health care professional were 97.65% in average.
T72633 753706-753812 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, the seasonal influenza vaccination rates among psychiatric patients were 44.33% in average.
T75735 753813-753883 Sentence denotes Beside of this, morbidity of seasonal influenza was 15.20% in average.
T39012 753884-754073 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, positive influenza rapid screening result was not higher than expectation (36.36%), even though type A influenza virus (H1N1) was detected and quantitated by real-time RTPCR.
T40480 754074-754194 Sentence denotes Tamiflu ® (oseltamivir phosphate) was applied not only for psychiatric patients, but also for health care professionals.
T13007 754195-754279 Sentence denotes As a result, dosing rate of Tamiflu ® (oseltamivir phosphate) was 82.35% in average.
T25414 754280-754351 Sentence denotes The average days of isolation were 8.7 days in three psychiatric wards.
T71558 754352-754363 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T49177 754364-754542 Sentence denotes In conclusion, the infection control intervention in the psychiatric ward is not as easy as in the medical or surgical ward due to the movement ability among psychiatric patient.
T59994 754543-754675 Sentence denotes Seasonal influenza vaccination could see as the health prevention intervention to protection patient before influenza season coming.
T62540 754676-754777 Sentence denotes Tamiflu ® (oseltamivir phosphate) dosing could suggest if an outbreak event was occurred in the ward.
T12148 754778-754935 Sentence denotes Environment clean and disinfection was highly suggested in order to stop drop infection be transformed into contact infection by psychiatric patients' hands.
T49799 754936-755116 Sentence denotes Evaluation of quality of hand hygiene skills using fluorescent lotion and ultraviolet test Wan-Ching Wu 1 , Po-Lin Chen 1,2 , Chia-Wen Li 1,2 , Wen-Chien Ko 1,2 , Nai-Ying Ko 1,3 .
T82476 755117-755420 Sentence denotes 1 Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, 3 Nursing Department, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan Background:
T10525 755421-755534 Sentence denotes To promote the quality of hand hygiene skill, several innovative teaching programs has been initiated since 2012.
T69179 755535-755716 Sentence denotes In order to evaluate the quality of hand hygiene skills of employees in the study hospital, an investigation with the ultraviolet light (UV light) test was underwent in March, 2017.
T32782 755717-755725 Sentence denotes Methods:
T50349 755726-755853 Sentence denotes A total of 706 staff members, including administrative workers and healthcare providers of different specialties were enrolled.
T97234 755854-755946 Sentence denotes The quality of hand hygiene skills was evaluated using fluorescent lotion and UV light test.
T53209 755947-756161 Sentence denotes Briefly, fluorescent lotion was smeared evenly on both hands before doing handwashing, and then UV light was used to check the lighting spots on both hands, indicating fluorescent lotion not removed by handwashing.
T37005 756162-756371 Sentence denotes The cleaness of seven main areas (including palms, back of hand, gaps between fingers, knuckles, thumbs, finger nails, wrists of both hands) were measured (+1 for each section) and scored 0 to 7 for each hand.
T78929 756372-756380 Sentence denotes Results:
T94661 756381-756604 Sentence denotes A total of 706 employees (321 nurses, 180 members of hospital administration, 93 medical technicians, 76 doctors, 26 maintenance workers and janitors, and 8 other staff ) in a medical center participated in this evaluation.
T29162 756605-756739 Sentence denotes The results showed 394 (55.8%) participants passed the test perfectly, and 225 (31.9) with missing no more than 2 areas on both hands.
T34163 756740-756886 Sentence denotes The most missing points were the finger gaps of left hands (122, 39.1%), left hand fingers (116, 37.2%) and gaps between right hands (120, 38.5%).
T38807 756887-757137 Sentence denotes The scores for 323 nurses, 180 administrative members, 93 medical technicians, 76 doctors, 26 maintenance workers and janitors, and 8 other staff were 12.96 ± 1.57, 13.02 ± 1.55, 13.18 ± 1.28, 12.59 ± 1.75, 13.23 ± 0.99, and 12.25 ± 1.67( p = 0.106).
T12366 757138-757324 Sentence denotes Staff from examination rooms/departments got the highest score of 13.48 ± 0.81, followed by the intensive care units (13.46 ± 0.97), administrative stations (13.10 ± 1.58), ( p < 0.001).
T97664 757325-757336 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T39220 757337-757520 Sentence denotes The ability of performing good hand hygiene skills varied in different stations and departments, while no significant difference was observed among employees of different specialties.
T16257 757521-757684 Sentence denotes The fluorescent lotion and UV light test can reveal the missing points of hand hygiene skills individually, and help the staff to improve their skills accordingly.
T98436 757685-757882 Sentence denotes Using quality control circle to reduce the positive surveillance culture rate of intestinal endoscopes Mei-Yu Wu 1 , Pei-chin Hung 2 , Chen-Shuan Chung 2,4 , Hsin-Yen Tsai 3 , Chun-Hsing Liao 1,3 .
T91062 757883-758087 Sentence denotes 1 Infection control center, 2 Ultrasound and Endoscopy center, 3 Infectious Disease Division, 4 Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan Background:
T6781 758088-758168 Sentence denotes Positive surveillance culture from endoscope after disinfection is not uncommon.
T57569 758169-758324 Sentence denotes In 2015, the overall positive rate of surveillance bacterial culture was 12%, and the rate was 39% for endoscopes not disinfected in the endoscopic center.
T38308 758325-758448 Sentence denotes There are several problems including incorrect manual cleaning, inappropriate storage, or lack of automated washing device.
T13145 758449-758598 Sentence denotes A quality control circle is formed by staffs from endoscopic center and departments with endoscopes to improve the quality of endoscope disinfection.
T42338 758599-758607 Sentence denotes Methods:
T93059 758608-759010 Sentence denotes The quality control circle had implemented meausres including (1) Cleaning performed by qualified personnel after and education and training. (2) Annual educational workshop and trainging. (3) Poster of standard operating process in the cleaning room. (4) Insepct the correctness of manual cleaning and use of disinfection agent by circle leaders. (5) Procure the washing machines and storage cabinets.
T7394 759011-759090 Sentence denotes The circle member meet quarterly and inspect all participating units regularly.
T77483 759091-759099 Sentence denotes Results:
T28531 759100-759166 Sentence denotes In 2016, a total of 53 people had received education and training.
T38642 759167-759364 Sentence denotes On-site audit for 8 units was performed every six months, including use of automated washing machine, process of manual cleaning, storage of endoscopes, regular check for concentration of OPA, etc.
T1870 759365-759493 Sentence denotes The most common defects were incorrect manual cleaning process, inappriate endoscope storage, and expiration of OPA test stripe.
T52262 759494-759624 Sentence denotes After the effort of quality control circle, the number of defects decreased from the 29 (total) (March 2015) to 9 (December 2015).
T96025 759625-759724 Sentence denotes The positive surveillance culture rate reduced from 12% in 2015 to 0% in the first quarter of 2017.
T32481 759725-759828 Sentence denotes The top three isolated organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Enterobacter cloacae.
T88470 759829-759840 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T79751 759841-759984 Sentence denotes With quality control circle to perform regular checks and interventions, the quality of endoscope disinfection could be improved significantly.
T36180 759985-760264 Sentence denotes An outbreak of severe respiratory tract infection due to human metapneumovirus infection in one regional hospital in Southern Taiwan Wan-Ling Chen 1,2 , Bao-Chen Chen 3 , Ye-Hsuan Jao 2,4 , Miao-Ci Cai 2 , Ying-Chen Hsu 2 , Yeuh-Ju Chen 5 , Wen-Hsin Tsai 5 , Hung-Chin Tsai 5,6 .
T13959 760265-760277 Sentence denotes August 2016.
T49435 760278-760407 Sentence denotes The mean±standard deviation(range) age for staff members and patients, was 45.3 ± 15.5 (23-63) and 67.6 ± 19.2 (21-92) years old.
T57296 760408-760520 Sentence denotes The most common presentations were upper respiratory tract infection, but 14 (27%) of 52 patients had pneumonia.
T20514 760521-760566 Sentence denotes Besides, 10 (19%) of 52 patients had hypoxia.
T39073 760567-760694 Sentence denotes The fatality rate was 7% (1 of 15 patients) among confirmed cases and 5% (2 of 37 patients) among patients with possible cases.
T10916 760695-760835 Sentence denotes In this outbreak. there were 15 confirmed cases by viral cultures or polymerase chain reactions and 37 possible cases by clinical diagnosis.
T95237 760836-760959 Sentence denotes The phylogenetic tree analysis showed the high degree strain similarities, indicating they originated from the same source.
T70966 760960-761094 Sentence denotes Conclusion: HMPV is an important pathogen, invading elderly persons and health care workers in this outbreak at the regional hospital.
T91118 761095-761277 Sentence denotes The survey and disposal of CRE-KPC in a regional hospital in Taiwan Chih-Lin Liu, Li-Kuan Chih, Li-Chun Liu, Wen-Han Chang, Shu-Chen Wang, Chao-Tai Li, Pao-Chen Chen, Ying-Sheng Pan.
T57713 761278-761289 Sentence denotes Background:
T83301 761290-761317 Sentence denotes The hospital owns 516 beds.
T30264 761318-761449 Sentence denotes From March to July 21 st , 2016, 10 cases (28.6%) were proved to be positive CRE-KPC results which were reconfirmed by CDC, Taiwan.
T95014 761450-761543 Sentence denotes Comparing with one case (1.1%) occurred from 2010 to 2015, the results were obviously higher.
T83558 761544-761642 Sentence denotes In order to prevent the spread of disease, the related interventions were implemented immediately.
T42613 761643-761717 Sentence denotes The experience would be shared with the medical profession as a reference.
T19452 761718-761726 Sentence denotes Methods:
T98634 761727-761836 Sentence denotes Bacteria culture laboratory isolated the specimens which fit the CRE drug resistant condition defined by CDC.
T72208 761837-761927 Sentence denotes Then active notification was proceeded and infection control interventions were activated.
T22733 761928-762054 Sentence denotes On June 21, 2016, after discussing with the staffs in the Division of Laboratory Medicine, related interventions were adopted.
T73013 762055-762399 Sentence denotes To clarify whether each individual case is relavant to one another, interventions adopted were investigation in the ward, proceeding the sampling inspection of environment in the ward where the patients have lived as well as the hands of staffs who worked there, and revising the standard operation procedure of multiple-drug resistant strains.
T83879 762400-762408 Sentence denotes Results:
T76485 762409-762519 Sentence denotes By analyzing those 10 cases, one was the patient of healthcare-associated infection while the other 9 weren't.
T32798 762520-762697 Sentence denotes On July 26, 2016, 119 specimens, including those collected from the ward as well as from the hands of staffs, and 1 rectalswab specimen from CRKP case, were sent for inspection.
T34481 762698-762815 Sentence denotes 3 specimens (3.36%) verified to be CRE-KP drug resistance were the same as KPC drug resistant case identified by CDC.
T11282 762816-762906 Sentence denotes They are specimens collected from bedside bar, bedside table, and rectalswab of CRKP case.
T63433 762907-762918 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T14882 762919-762962 Sentence denotes Colonization often occurs before infection.
T84457 762963-763103 Sentence denotes In this event, 3 specimens from one inpatient and his surroundings were verified to be CRKP through environmental collection and inspection.
T5892 763104-763302 Sentence denotes Although the source of infection can't be confirmed, the investigation was continously proceeded and finally found it resulted from the insufficient concentration of bleach formulated by the staffs.
T59087 763303-763407 Sentence denotes After improvement, we kept following up from August 29th and found no cases in the following two months.
T81792 763408-763487 Sentence denotes Environmental clean and disinfection are the key points of epidemic prevention.
T80271 763488-763641 Sentence denotes This study would be provided to the medical profession as a reference of how to implement the interventions to deal with multiple-drug resistant strains.
T91614 763642-763741 Sentence denotes The key words were as follows: "citrate" [tiab] AND "catheter lock" AND ("cancer" OR "malignancy").
T76483 763742-763750 Sentence denotes Results:
T89509 763751-763839 Sentence denotes In our synthesis of 8 papers, 2 papers met the inclusion criteria distinguished by PICO.
T22165 763840-764082 Sentence denotes Chaftari AM 2017 (level 2) enrolled 60 patients with hematologic malignancies who had peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC),use lock consisted of 15 or 30 μg/ mL of nitroglycerin in combination with 4% sodium citrate and 22% ethanol.
T8605 764083-764156 Sentence denotes Each lumen was locked for at least 2 h once daily prior to being flushed.
T32360 764157-764288 Sentence denotes It can reduce central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) rate from 1.9/1,000 catheter days to 1.6/1,000 catheter days.
T80425 764289-764362 Sentence denotes The adverse events were one headache and one rash but mild and transient.
T38351 764363-764695 Sentence denotes Rosenblatt J 2013 (level 5) reports on the synergy of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) with citrate and ethanol in rapidly eradicating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans biofilms in an in vitro model for catheter biofilm colonization.
T44480 764696-764707 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T77031 764708-764859 Sentence denotes Sodium citrate may effective central venous catheter lock solution in hematologic malignancies because of it's antimicrobial and antithrombotic effect.
T91711 764860-764941 Sentence denotes But the evidence was not sufficient,we need to more prospective trails confirmly.
T18128 764942-765216 Sentence denotes Effectiveness of preventing needlestick injuries and body fluid exposure by implementing safety-engineered devices at a medical center in Taiwan Shu-Fen Chien 1 , Ju-Chun Lo 1 , Yu-Ling Lai 2 , Jann-Tay Wang 1,3 , Wang-Huei Sheng 1,3 , Yee-Chun Chen 3 , Shan-Chwen Chang 3 .
T50185 765217-765388 Sentence denotes 1 Center for Infection Control, 2 Occupational Safety and Health Office, 3 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Background:
T42337 765389-765568 Sentence denotes Since the increasingly complicated medical environment and the threats of emerging infectious diseases, issues of workplace safety and health promotion are getting more important.
T93979 765569-765682 Sentence denotes The needlestick injuries (NSIs) and body fluid exposures are common occupational hazards at medical institutions.
T56189 765683-765898 Sentence denotes Besides continuously enhance the training and education of personnel protection as well as continuous improvement of tools and equipment in the workplace are also expected to avoid the occurrence of accidental NSIs.
T2838 765899-765997 Sentence denotes Using safety-engineered devices (SEDs) is an important reform and step for the prevention of NSIs.
T62192 765998-766110 Sentence denotes In 2011, Taiwan has allowed laws for the usage and promotion of SEDs in the daily practice at hospital settings.
T39722 766111-766209 Sentence denotes It is necessary to investigate the effect of using SEDs in term of reducing the incidence of NSIs.
T60459 766210-766218 Sentence denotes Methods:
T42544 766219-766278 Sentence denotes The study was conducted at a medical center with 2300 beds.
T42 766279-766368 Sentence denotes Since 2011, it has started to promote the usage of SEDs over the hospital phase by phase.
T51987 766369-766462 Sentence denotes Training and education program to prevent healthcare personnel from NSIs were also conducted.
T36329 766463-766578 Sentence denotes Closely monitoring on the incidence and analysis on the underlying mechanisms of NSIs were implented simutaneously.
T59108 766579-766685 Sentence denotes Interventions to improve the medical and practice understanding the factors result in NSIs were performed.
T7650 766686-766694 Sentence denotes Results:
T50735 766695-766771 Sentence denotes The overall incidence of NSIs decreased from 3.90% in 2011 to 2.82% in 2016.
T20549 766772-766830 Sentence denotes The decrease is especially obvious for interns and nurses.
T78691 766831-767101 Sentence denotes In addition, the rate of NSIs caused by conventional devices (including syringe, intravenous catheter, winged needle, insulin syringe, etc.) decreased from 57% in 2011 to 39% in 2016, which resulted from conventional syringe declined from 41.7% in 2011 to 26.9% in 2016.
T28152 767102-767273 Sentence denotes However, the occurrence of NSIs made by the incorrect operating of safety devices and safety devices being not activated had increased from 1.94% in 2011 to 8.97% in 2016.
T26074 767274-767285 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T74154 767286-767390 Sentence denotes The use of SEDs can effectively prevent NSIs but must work correctly with standard operating procedures.
T23772 767391-767478 Sentence denotes Training and education on the usage of SEDs are necessary before promoting use of SEDs.
T31156 767479-767606 Sentence denotes Keeping and making a more safety workplace environment with sustained efforts should be ongoing to promote occupational health.
T85936 767607-767724 Sentence denotes Diffuse rectum ulcer bleeding with severe cytomegalovirus infection patient: a case report Ching I Ting, Wen lian Yu.
T8277 767725-767778 Sentence denotes Chimei Medical center Intensive care unit Background:
T88855 767779-767940 Sentence denotes Cytomegalovirus (CMV) usually causes an asymptomatic infection or produces mild flulikesymptoms; afterward, it remains latent throughout life and may reactivate.
T65903 767941-768041 Sentence denotes In immunocompromised individuals, symptomatic disease usually manifests as a mononucleosis syndrome.
T87369 768042-768108 Sentence denotes Symptomatic CMV disease can affect almost every organ of the body.
T1175 768109-768225 Sentence denotes Rare manifestations of CMV infections in immunocompetent individuals include thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic anemia.
T28605 768226-768295 Sentence denotes We present a case of colon cancer and recived chemotherapy with UFUR.
T81494 768296-768425 Sentence denotes However, massive bloody stool passage was found and pandoscopy revealed esophageal ulcer and the pathology confirm CMV infection.
T95867 768426-768509 Sentence denotes Ganciclovir therapy was performed and stopped bleeding after surgical intervention.
T65110 768510-768522 Sentence denotes Case Report:
T79721 768523-768617 Sentence denotes This 81 y/o male patient was admitted due to left femoral intertrochanter comminuted fracture.
T85877 768618-768677 Sentence denotes After admission, surgical treatment was performed on 11/03.
T11870 768678-768766 Sentence denotes Aspiration pneumonia was developed with fever and dyspnea condition after the operation.
T77511 768767-768884 Sentence denotes Due to unstable vital sign and dyspnea, he was transferred to ICU on 11/11 and intubation due to respiratory failure.
T73508 768885-768983 Sentence denotes Broad spectrum antibiotic, septic work-up and fluid resuscitation were perscribed for the patient.
T74817 768984-769087 Sentence denotes Much bloody stool passage was noted on 11/13, GS was consulted and anal fissure bleeding was suspected.
T9549 769088-769198 Sentence denotes However, recurrence of bloody stool was noted, colonoscopy on 11/21 revealed multiple rectal ulcer s/p biopsy.
T83714 769199-769374 Sentence denotes The pathology of rectal ulcer showed favor CMV colitis, thus, ganciclovir was added (11/26-12/2) and combined with antibiotic (Tazobactam/Piperacilin) for pneumonia treatment.
T21699 769375-769485 Sentence denotes We had repeat colonoscopy due to persistent intermittent bloody stool passage, repeat CMV-PCR and antigenemia.
T8947 769486-769540 Sentence denotes The repeat colonscopy showed rectal ulcer with oozing.
T34244 769541-769626 Sentence denotes Antibiotic was adjusted as infection men suggestion, diflucan was added for funguria.
T17824 769627-769673 Sentence denotes The patient's condition became getting stable.
T47613 769674-769817 Sentence denotes Due to negative of antigenemia and negative of stool CMV-PCR, oral form ganciclovir was discontinued (12/2-12/23) after discussing with ID man.
T30174 769818-769921 Sentence denotes Due to improved of clinical symptoms, the patient was discharged on 12/28 in relative stable condition.
T96020 769922-769933 Sentence denotes Discussion:
T17907 769934-770075 Sentence denotes Most gastrointestinal CMV infections respond well to ganciclovir treatment, Independently from the cause of the underlying immunosuppression.
T24235 770076-770160 Sentence denotes Therefore, the patient should be offered an antiviral treatment as soon as possible.
T21530 770161-770292 Sentence denotes Early diagnosis of suspected CMV infection in immunosuppressed patients with gastrointestinal symptoms is of the utmost importance.
T34047 770293-770485 Sentence denotes Repeat endoscopy may be considered if previous study did not meet a conclu gastrointestinal CMV disease should be kept in mind with immunocompromised patient compatible with clinical symptoms.
T79671 770486-770646 Sentence denotes Evaluation on the effectiveness of cleaning products for action care work car in a region hospital Chun-Feng Chiu 1,2 , Min-Han Hsieh 1,3 , Tun-Chieh Chen 1,3 .
T6558 770647-770849 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Office Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, 2 Department of Nursing Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Background:
T92729 770850-770964 Sentence denotes In a regional hospital in south Taiwan, there were e-nursing carts for nursing staff for their daily medical work.
T5215 770965-771228 Sentence denotes In order to evaluate if the mobile e-nursing carts became the media of multi-drug resistant organism (MDRO) transmission, ATP-bioluminescence and culture were performed to assess the efficacy of surface cleaning in 10 high-touch surfaces of mobile e-nursing cart.
T59409 771229-771298 Sentence denotes The mean value of ATP-bioluminescence of the surfaces was 1112.6 RLU.
T55324 771299-771354 Sentence denotes The culture grew 180 isolates of microorganism (56.3%).
T32434 771355-771409 Sentence denotes The result revealed that the cleaning is insufficient.
T75534 771410-771444 Sentence denotes There's no a universal regulation.
T32376 771445-771557 Sentence denotes After investigation the will of cleaning by questionnaire, it correlated with the convenience of cleaning tools.
T95387 771558-771650 Sentence denotes Therefore, this study tried to assess efficacy of cleaning by four different cleaning tools.
T32018 771651-771770 Sentence denotes This study also evaluated the will of medical staff for cleaning the mobile e-nursing cart by different cleaning tools.
T49989 771771-771960 Sentence denotes By the analysis, we try to find out how to increase the will of medical staff for cleaning the mobile e-nursing cart, to make sure the cleaning and to avoid healthcare-associated infection.
T84597 771961-771969 Sentence denotes Methods:
T87596 771970-771972 Sentence denotes 1.
T97643 771973-772037 Sentence denotes The mobile e-nursing carts were cleaned by four different tools.
T15880 772038-772160 Sentence denotes To assess the outcome of cleaning, ten high-touch surfaces of each cart was checked by ATP-bioluminescence after cleaning.
T8512 772161-772163 Sentence denotes 2.
T39188 772164-772284 Sentence denotes Questionnaire was designed to medical staff to evaluate the satisfaction the medical staff for different cleaning tools.
T88480 772285-772293 Sentence denotes Results:
T72215 772294-772296 Sentence denotes 1.
T25621 772297-772458 Sentence denotes The use of four different cleaning tools in the e-nursing carts of the vehicle clean, found that different cleaning products can make the surface after cleaning.
T19908 772459-772526 Sentence denotes The mean value of ATPbioluminescence of the surfaces was 484.5 RLU.
T92553 772527-772529 Sentence denotes 2.
T56512 772530-772586 Sentence denotes Total 128 questionnaire were filled in by medical staff.
T45525 772587-772697 Sentence denotes The questionnaire included the items of convenience, operation, cleaning effect, odor and stimulation to skin.
T57395 772698-772778 Sentence denotes The result showed that the medical staff satisfied with antiseptic wet tissue B.
T8614 772779-772790 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T4438 772791-772961 Sentence denotes A cleaning tool with convenience to operation, effective cleaning, lower stimulation to skin and smell will increase the will and frequency of cleaning for medical staff.
T61263 772962-773062 Sentence denotes If medical staff implement the cleaning is more important for the cleaning of mobile e-nursing cart.
T73725 773063-773186 Sentence denotes Therefore, the establishment of standard procedure for the mobile e-nursing cart cleaning and system of audit is essential.
T52618 773187-773478 Sentence denotes Improve the integrity of oral care for nurses in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia Shwu-Hwa Leu 1 *, Mei-Ju Su 1 , Li-Yao You 1 , Shu-Chun Chang 1 , Yueh-Chen Fu 1 , Hsia-Ling Wu 1 , Li-Chu Li 1 , Chin-Yu Chen 2 , Tzu-Ping Shih 2 , Wen-Chih Wu 3 , Cho-ching Sun 4 Background:
T41712 773479-774120 Sentence denotes The use of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) for the intensive care unit quality indicators to monitor important items,not only will extend the hospital stay will increase the cost of medical care (Ashraf & Ostrosky-Zeichner, 2012), so there is a systematic introduction to prevent the combination of care, remodel the correct concept of staff care, the implementation of unified and more effective care measures in the combined care, but also to respirator patients with oral care is more important, Expect effective prevention of VAP, improve patient cleaning and comfort, in order to enhance the professional care and service quality.
T33451 774121-774190 Sentence denotes In April 2016, The team used technical audit and observation methods.
T13503 774191-774290 Sentence denotes The average correct rate of nursing staff was 73.3%, and the integrity of oral care was only 68.7%.
T66648 774291-774618 Sentence denotes First, the newly transferred personnel to protect the lack of awareness (19.7%); Second, the lack of appropriate care products can be used (21.8%);Third, there is no relevant care operation check mechanism and standard operating practices (16.2%), so the purpose of this project is to improve the integrity of oral care to 95%.
T23060 774619-774627 Sentence denotes Methods:
T11425 774628-774765 Sentence denotes In order to improve the integrity of oral care for nursing staff, improvement measures are made every month from June to September, 2016.
T85761 774766-774768 Sentence denotes 1.
T92126 774769-774838 Sentence denotes Participate in TRM competition and external expert clinical guidance.
T15163 774839-774841 Sentence denotes 2.
T39082 774842-774990 Sentence denotes Improved care products and equipment, use multi-functional aspiration toothbrush,oral denture and 0.2% Chlorhexidine oral cleaning gel to mouthwash.
T62014 774991-774993 Sentence denotes 3.
T42376 774994-775154 Sentence denotes System to prevent the prevention of VAP care standards: revised special oral care technology, and develop the use of breathing apparatus operating instructions.
T56406 775155-775157 Sentence denotes 4.
T39243 775158-775342 Sentence denotes Implementation of VAP care check and reward: internal check, outside the hospital inspection counseling, Bundle protection angel recognition and implementation of the incentive system.
T72830 775343-775351 Sentence denotes Results:
T90025 775352-775527 Sentence denotes June 2016-May 2017prevention of VAP care integrity check results care integrity 99.4%, Nurses' knowledge of oral care increased from 81.2% to 100%; And maintain VAP zero case.
T1544 775528-775539 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T15147 775540-775691 Sentence denotes Since the introduction of modular care, the unit has been effective in preventing infection and significantly improving peer awareness and care skills.
T4591 775692-776126 Sentence denotes Effective teamwork can increase the efficiency of the work, in the process of care, while buy and use the new improved care products, not only more convenient and effective; the current hospital has been promoted to the implementation of the respiratory care ward, To share the unit to promote the implementation of experience, in order to achieve the purpose of maintaining patient safety and improve the quality of medical services.
T32861 776127-776204 Sentence denotes The role of cytomegalovirus in post-H1N1 pneumonia: contributor or bystander?
T11110 776205-776243 Sentence denotes Hui-Ling Huang 1 *, Wen-Liang Yu 1,2 .
T33050 776244-776404 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, 2 Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan Background:
T9265 776405-776489 Sentence denotes Influenza may cause severe disease that needs care in the intensive care unit (ICU).
T84437 776490-776646 Sentence denotes Viral infections in the ICU often involve the respiratory system and can cause significant morbidity and mortality especially in immunocompromised patients.
T51124 776647-776829 Sentence denotes Meanwhile, critically ill patients admitted in ICU are predisposed to many nosocomial infections due to underlying illnesses, various invasive procedures and prolonged hospital stay.
T44624 776830-776937 Sentence denotes We report detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Morganella morganii in a patient after prolonged ICU stay.
T44821 776938-777009 Sentence denotes Both pathogens are often ignored but might be of clinical significance.
T24326 777010-777018 Sentence denotes Methods:
T65655 777019-777030 Sentence denotes Case study.
T82294 777031-777039 Sentence denotes Results:
T52232 777040-777150 Sentence denotes This 78 y/o man had history of hypertension, chronic kidney disease and brain stroke under medication control.
T21073 777151-777222 Sentence denotes He was in acute respiratory distress and required immediate intubation.
T18017 777223-777250 Sentence denotes He was admitted to the ICU.
T73238 777251-777346 Sentence denotes Hemodialysis was used because of increasing metabolic acidosis and progressive pulmonary edema.
T8713 777347-777448 Sentence denotes Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of nasopharyngeal sample was positive for influenza A (H1N1).
T54548 777449-777501 Sentence denotes He completed a 10-day course of oseltamivir therapy.
T24321 777502-777575 Sentence denotes Then piperacillin was used for pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.
T52233 777576-777700 Sentence denotes After 32 days of ICU stay, he was transfer to the Respiratory Care Center (RCC) because of difficulty in weaning ventilator.
T21845 777701-777752 Sentence denotes However, septic shock was noted during stay in RCC.
T25398 777753-777806 Sentence denotes The cultures of blood and sputum yielded M. morganii.
T57548 777807-777877 Sentence denotes Blood Aspergillus galactomannan antigen index was 0.11 (normal, <0.5).
T71059 777878-777949 Sentence denotes In addition, CMV-PCR results of sputum and blood samples were positive.
T6778 777950-777981 Sentence denotes CMV viral load was 9,550 IU/mL.
T52108 777982-778044 Sentence denotes Imipenem had been used for 14 days without anti-CMV treatment.
T25701 778045-778141 Sentence denotes His condition improved thereby and he was successfully extubated and weaned from the ventilator.
T37156 778142-778200 Sentence denotes After 24 days stay in RCC, he was transferred to the ward.
T42891 778201-778263 Sentence denotes He was discharged uneventfully after 71 days of hospital stay.
T80504 778264-778365 Sentence denotes Conclusion: CMV antigenemia is not an uncommon finding in ICU patients with immunocompromised status.
T99611 778366-778485 Sentence denotes Although associated with a higher morbidity and mortality, the clinical significance of CMV in ICU patients is unknown.
T18354 778486-778608 Sentence denotes Meanwhile, the organism M. morganii with proven pathogenicity could be potentially dangerous and should not be overlooked.
T15701 778609-778717 Sentence denotes Thus M. morganii infection was vigorously treated, whereas CMV reactivation was ignored in the current case.
T97530 778718-778800 Sentence denotes It is difficult to discern whether CMV plays a role in post-H1N1 pneumonia status.
T20082 778801-778930 Sentence denotes CMV might be a bystander as no anti-CMV therapy was given, but it might be a contributor associated with prolonged hospital stay.
T75673 778931-779172 Sentence denotes Clinical characteristics of the patients infected with vancomycin-resistant enterococci Hsiu-Lun Su 2 , Ya-Lan Chen 1,2 , Chen-Chi Tsai 1,3 *, Shu-Juan Tsai 1,2 , Jia-Lin Lin 1,2 , Hui-Ying Chuang 1,2 , Mei-Lan Shen 4 , Chorng-Jang Lay 1,3 .
T66512 779173-779292 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Committee, 2 Nursing department, 3 Division of infectious disease, department of medicine, Methods:
T98493 779293-779346 Sentence denotes Our hospital is a 960-bed regional teaching hospital.
T81315 779347-779397 Sentence denotes This study is a retrospective case-analysis study.
T50588 779398-779473 Sentence denotes We reviewed the medical records of the patients infected with VRE from Jan.
T32580 779474-779486 Sentence denotes 2016 to Dec.
T89729 779487-779492 Sentence denotes 2016.
T81390 779493-779501 Sentence denotes Results:
T45751 779502-779754 Sentence denotes There were 114 patients infected with VRE, whose specimens including urine (n = 68), wound (n = 14), blood (n = 7), stool (n = 7), Ascites (n = 5), Bile (n = 4), CVP line (n = 2), Drain tube (n = 1), other (n = 2), Pleural effusio (n = 2), pus (n = 2).
T61659 779755-779797 Sentence denotes Most patients are 70-80 years old (61.4%).
T32262 779798-779918 Sentence denotes The most common comorbid disorders included hypertension (50%), diabetes mellitus (46.5%), and bedridden status (48.2%).
T96587 779919-779966 Sentence denotes There were 6 patients re-admitted in half year.
T95755 779967-780048 Sentence denotes One of them had 4 times of re-admission, and another had 5 times of re-admission.
T4236 780049-780112 Sentence denotes VRE was isolated from these two patients in every re-admission.
T12745 780113-780124 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T59651 780125-780226 Sentence denotes This study showed that most of the patients infected VRE were elderly people with comorbid disorders.
T63850 780227-780273 Sentence denotes About one half of the patients were bedridden.
T10523 780274-780357 Sentence denotes We found that VRE could be found in re-admission of the patients infected with VRE.
T73188 780358-780521 Sentence denotes Using bundle cares to reduce ventilator associated pnumonia density-case by a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan Chiachi Liu 1 , Chunchih Yeh 1 , Siangru Syu 2 .
T67522 780522-780628 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Committee, I.C.U, 2 Ten Chan General Hospital, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan Introduction:
T44638 780629-780700 Sentence denotes Prevention of infection counts in intensive care critical ill patients.
T53583 780701-780946 Sentence denotes Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), for one, not only prolong the time of ventilatior usage, but also increase the durations of hospitalization and the medical costs, and that even counted one of the important cause for mortality of patients.
T22702 780947-780955 Sentence denotes Methods:
T93999 780956-781145 Sentence denotes Ventilator associated pneumonia reached 1.61‰ in 2014 for I.C.U. for Ten Chan General Hospital, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan, of which seemed on the rise compared with the following two years.
T44632 781146-781395 Sentence denotes Reviewing the bundle cares, the causes for ineffective execution were: care professionals short of understanding of care methods, lack of standing operation procedure, didn't lift the bedhead measuring instruments and short of the evaluation charts.
T52711 781396-781494 Sentence denotes Therefore, the following infection control and contain measures were introduced, of which include:
T46418 781495-781507 Sentence denotes Consclusion:
T85917 781508-781646 Sentence denotes The most effective way to reduce VAP is to remove the tubes earlier, and that chime in with the medical qulity demands and the object N.O.
T65785 781647-781738 Sentence denotes 6 -Implementation the idea of bundle cares and lower the medical care associated infection.
T64832 781739-781865 Sentence denotes It will shorten the hospitalized days for the patients, to stay away from deseases, and make sure the safety for medical care.
T31904 781866-782047 Sentence denotes PS 492 I-CARE intervention to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections in an adult intensive care of medical center Yueh-Ju Chen 1 , Cheng-Ho Chang 2 , Jui-Kuang Chen 3 .
T57185 782048-782102 Sentence denotes 1 Infection Control Committee, 2 Nursing Department, 3
T72655 782104-782115 Sentence denotes Background:
T56940 782116-782249 Sentence denotes In our hospital, as early as 2001, we implemented nurse-generated reminders to physicians to remove catheters 5 days after insertion.
T13773 782250-782374 Sentence denotes We were able to effectively reduce catheter duration from a mean of 7 to 4.6 days, lowering the rate of CA-UTI by about 25%.
T87108 782375-782489 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, reminder interventions can also be easily ignored and catheters may remain in place without action.
T19143 782490-782615 Sentence denotes Since then, the rate of CA-UTIs began to increase in recent years, reaching 7.2 cases per 1000 urinary catheter days in 2015.
T36341 782616-782738 Sentence denotes Methods: I-CARE intervention was performed in August 2015 with coordinated strategy comprised of (1) I-CARE slogan poster:
T1204 782739-782874 Sentence denotes Indication Clean Aseptic Remove-early Easy and smooth (2) team works with focus on nurse driven catheter removal potoca (3) Background:
T41964 782875-782995 Sentence denotes Ambient air may be contaminated with or carry significant levels of a variety of potentially detrimental microorganisms.
T77471 782996-783069 Sentence denotes Exogenous flora are primarily aerobes, especially grampositive organisms.
T11332 783070-783208 Sentence denotes The microbial concentration in an indoor operating room (OR) is one of the extrinsically influencing factors for surgical site infections.
T22401 783209-783323 Sentence denotes The aim of this study were to assess microbial colony counts in working ORs in a tertiary referral medical center.
T23555 783324-783332 Sentence denotes Methods:
T99720 783333-783426 Sentence denotes This prospective observation study was conducted at the 28 ORs of a medical center in Taiwan.
T29813 783427-783520 Sentence denotes Each OR was equipped with a ventilation system with a high efficiency particulate air filter.
T6821 783521-783632 Sentence denotes The ventilation systems of the ORs produced a minimum of approximately 20 air changes of filtered air per hour.
T23661 783633-783761 Sentence denotes The vertical laminar airflow systems were used to move particle-free air over the aseptic operating field at a uniform velocity.
T64637 783762-783848 Sentence denotes The microbiologic air counts were measured using an impactor air sampler for 4 months.
T92110 783849-783857 Sentence denotes Results:
T95225 783858-783931 Sentence denotes The overall mean number of bacterial colonies in the ORs was 78 cfu/m 3 .
T6156 783932-784030 Sentence denotes The mean number of colonies was the highest for transplant surgery, followed by pediatric surgery.
T49359 784031-784075 Sentence denotes No fungi were cultured from the air samples.
T25739 784076-784255 Sentence denotes A total of 25 (10%) contained pathogens isolated from air in ORs; Coagulase-negative staphylococcus was the most common pathogen, followed by Micrococcus spp., and Staphylococcus.
T62230 784256-784267 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T49515 784268-784476 Sentence denotes Our study demonstrated that free fungi and the number of mean bacterial colonies were far from the suggested levels during surgical activity despite a well-controlled OR ventilation system with a HEPA filter.
T53666 784477-784603 Sentence denotes Air flow conditions in hospital ORs are controlled and regulated to remove airborne microorganisms to help control infections.
T66927 784604-784612 Sentence denotes Methods:
T75983 784613-784735 Sentence denotes The IC team visited bacteriology lab for more information about cotton batting-like material as received abnormal results.
T50754 784736-784912 Sentence denotes Next we visited OR in the company of OR head nurse to investigate and to see whether the number of surgical site infections cases show abnormally increase in the past 6 months.
T79012 784913-784921 Sentence denotes Results:
T64870 784922-785013 Sentence denotes We found green cotton fibers on the top surface of the operation lampshade when visited OR.
T89802 785014-785101 Sentence denotes These green cotton fibers should be from green cloth used to wrap surgical instruments.
T35857 785102-785186 Sentence denotes We speculated cotton fibers scattered when surgical instruments parcels were opened.
T25996 785187-785399 Sentence denotes We also found in sanitary staff's operation procedure that they routinely clean the floor, operation tables, walls and so on, but didn't include operation lampshade and therefore, resulted in fibers accumulation.
T13369 785400-785457 Sentence denotes Environmental cleaning and disinfection were implemented.
T94234 785458-785545 Sentence denotes Air quality monitoring was followed again subsequently and the results were all normal.
T27651 785546-785752 Sentence denotes Also, there were no abnormal increase of surgical site infections [SSI rate was 0.20% (6/2952), there was no significant difference ( p = 0.632) compared with the mean value of pre-infective stage (0.13%)].
T94071 785753-785764 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T51725 785765-785853 Sentence denotes Operation room is an important environment where surgery was performed and saving lives.
T82690 785854-785931 Sentence denotes To ensure the OR environment clean and free from pollution is very important.
T44214 785932-786148 Sentence denotes In this case we rechecked and revised sanitary staff's SOP and added works cleaning the top of the lockers and the operation lampshade to avoid accumulation of cotton fibers and dust to cause environmental pollution.
T46206 786149-786288 Sentence denotes Evidence-based assessment of the effects of antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing burn wound infection Fang-Ching Liu 1 , Yuan-Hsin Chu 2 .
T27295 786289-786390 Sentence denotes 1 Division of Infectious Disease, Jen-Ai Hospital, 2 Department of Infection Control, Jen-Ai Hospital
T646 786391-786402 Sentence denotes Background:
T28800 786403-786543 Sentence denotes Burn injuries are associated with significant death and disability, multiple surgical procedures, prolonged hospitalization, and high costs.
T4316 786544-786729 Sentence denotes Taiwan ICST and French Burn Association suggested that antibiotic prophylaxis should be given as soon on severe burns rather on local infection burns patients or infections not assured.
T37874 786730-786844 Sentence denotes We herein perform a search to provide evidence-based recommendations for prophylactic treatment in burns patients.
T26082 786845-786853 Sentence denotes Methods:
T89704 786854-787060 Sentence denotes We used the relevant terms as keywords (Prophylaxis AND Antibiotic AND burn) to search Cochrane Library and PubMed electronic databases and acquired a 2013 Cochrane systematic review for critical appraisal.
T34795 787061-787069 Sentence denotes Results:
T17452 787070-787324 Sentence denotes Thirty-six RCTs were included and 11 trials were metaanalyzed about a particular antibiotic, silver sulfadiazine, showed a significant increase in burn wound infection and longer hospital stay, compared with dressings/skin substitute: (OR = 1.87; 95% CI:
T68168 787325-787397 Sentence denotes 1.09 to 3.19, I2 = 0%) and (MD = 2.11 days; 1.93 to 2.28), respectively.
T70381 787398-787528 Sentence denotes There was no evidence of an effect of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in non-surgical patients on burn infection rate (3 trials) .
T96914 787529-787678 Sentence denotes Systemic antibiotics (Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) were related to a significant reduction in pneumonia (only one trial) (RR = 0.18; 0.05 to 0.72).
T97232 787679-787773 Sentence denotes The limited evidence about the effects of antibiotics was unable to draw reliable conclusions.
T47056 787774-787961 Sentence denotes Therefore, antibiotic prophylaxis is not suggested routinely administrated for all burns patients, which is consistent with Taiwan ICST suggestions and French Burn Association guidelines.
T58509 787962-788188 Sentence denotes Further, 48-72 hours after antibiotic prophylaxis interventions, appropriateness of drug usage should be reassessed, preferably by the results of bacteria cultures, to adjust the applications of antibiotics for burns patients.
T4978 788189-788313 Sentence denotes Experience sharing of amblyopia caused by EMB drugs in regional hospitals Ya-Jhen Ji 1 *, Shu-fan Lin 2 , Yueh-Ying Tsai 3 .
T17829 788314-788422 Sentence denotes 1 Yunlin Christian hospital of Tuberculosis case manager, 2 Yunlin Christian hospital of Thoracic surgeon, 3
T88962 788424-788435 Sentence denotes Background:
T80389 788436-788471 Sentence denotes Tuberculosis is the oldest disease.
T58763 788472-788576 Sentence denotes The standard treatment includes four kinds of medication combination treatment as INH, RMP, PZA and EMB.
T22957 788577-788659 Sentence denotes The treatment process will vary from person to person with different side effects.
T76801 788660-788759 Sentence denotes EMB related blurred vision is most likely to be confused with degenerative diseases in the elderly.
T59884 788760-788768 Sentence denotes Methods:
T50208 788769-788772 Sentence denotes Mr.
T15294 788773-788845 Sentence denotes A is a 70-year-old person who has the history of Type 2 DM and cataract.
T74887 788846-788961 Sentence denotes Tuberculosis was found on September 24, 2015 and the patient began to use a four-in-one standard treatment regimen.
T31445 788962-789113 Sentence denotes Before treatment, left eye blurred vision was mentioned and his right eye had 20/70 vision and normal color discrimination (from Public Health Center).
T12323 789114-789189 Sentence denotes The patient complained that blurred vision deteriorated on January 5, 2016.
T83678 789190-789264 Sentence denotes He was diagnosed denegerative glaucoma at local clinic on January 7, 2016.
T78496 789265-789331 Sentence denotes But he did not informe to the doctor at chest OPD on the next day.
T57695 789332-789392 Sentence denotes The patient only told the information to the DOTS observers.
T69723 789393-789481 Sentence denotes The patient received operation of cataract of right eye on local clinic on Jan 18, 2016.
T35158 789482-789542 Sentence denotes Then, abnormal color discrimination was found on January 26.
T22265 789543-789548 Sentence denotes 2016.
T34025 789549-789609 Sentence denotes Therefore, we stopped anti-TB treatment on January 30, 2016.
T41207 789610-789671 Sentence denotes His family questioned the deterioration of vision due to EMB.
T71035 789672-789846 Sentence denotes So, (1) we referred the patient to Ophthalmology authority. (2) The case was applied for phytosanitary relief. (3) The patient was transferred to tuberculosis hospital (PCH).
T39108 789847-789855 Sentence denotes Methods:
T3345 789856-789858 Sentence denotes 1.
T67707 789859-789954 Sentence denotes A visual checklist was printed automatically for the patient who take EMB by computer settings.
T98404 789955-789957 Sentence denotes 2.
T70664 789958-790091 Sentence denotes Check simple vision test including color discrimination by case manager before treatment and every month during treatment with EMB 3.
T40177 790092-790134 Sentence denotes Record the result of simple vision test 4.
T36593 790135-790306 Sentence denotes Use the questionnaires for tuberculosis diagnosis, treatment in the case of the occurrence of abnormal to keep the record by case manager and the public health department.
T74839 790307-790315 Sentence denotes Results:
T60574 790316-790480 Sentence denotes We have implemented the program including 36 cases since Sep, 2016 and there is no new onset of occurrence due to taking EMB caused vision-related medical disputes.
T30546 790481-790492 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T30707 790493-790558 Sentence denotes Every medical dispute is the process of learning and improvement.
T18126 790559-790674 Sentence denotes We hope to provide better quality service after this event and want early prevention of drugs induced side effects.
T48572 790675-790799 Sentence denotes Therefore, we could put the end to medical dispute and support a win-win strategy between the patient and medical caregiver.
T26183 790800-790930 Sentence denotes Through the combination of care to reduce the respiratory care center catheter-related urinary tract infection effect I Ping Yang.
T49374 790931-791008 Sentence denotes Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Infection control commissions Background:
T95420 791009-791669 Sentence denotes Respiratory care center in January 2016 catheterrelated urinary tract infection density of 15.3‰, compared with the previous 6 months average duct-related urinary tract infection density 5.1‰ high; by the chi-square test statistical value of P = 0.0083, field audit found that the implementation of hand Health is not implemented, catheterization process in the urethral disinfection process and disinfection time is not enough, set the urine bag at the exit of the bed along the situation, in recent years found in the import and active combination of infection control measures to help reduce Catheter-related infection, the project will be further explored.
T82319 791670-791678 Sentence denotes Methods:
T61310 791679-792547 Sentence denotes From the beginning of 20160201 to 20161231 only, after the collection of information and the status quo analysis, the solution according to the planning period, the implementation period, the evaluation period of the implementation of the planning period: planning education training courses to investigate the catheter placement and care process, Revised the placement checklist, care assessment form and audit plan; implementation period: the revised operation process, including the time of hand washing, the newly revised indwelling catheter checklist and care assessment table published in the unit bulletin board and publicity know, Conduct education and training, perform technical audits and use catheterization, care checklist; evaluation period: through the unified teaching of the correct catheterization and care process, reply teaching and planning audit.
T29170 792548-792716 Sentence denotes Catheter-related urinary tract infection density increased from 6.1‰ before the reduction to 5.5‰, catheter placement compliance rate increased from 0% to 100% Results:
T81915 792717-792719 Sentence denotes 1.
T48817 792720-792874 Sentence denotes Catheter -related urinary tract infection density: from the planning period 6.1‰, the implementation of 5.8‰ to the evaluation period has dropped to 5.5‰.
T17062 792875-792877 Sentence denotes 2.
T77392 792878-792955 Sentence denotes Catheter compliance compliance: increased from 0% to 100% before improvement.
T36126 792956-792967 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T96410 792968-793154 Sentence denotes The UTI bundle is listed as a catheterization and care standard, and educational training and auditing system is organized to make the catheter placement and care concept more effective.
T55377 793155-793491 Sentence denotes According to the literature, it is pointed out that the removal of the catheter is a preventive urinary tract The main cause of infection, but because of the relationship between patients with respiratory care center, the implementation of the catheter in the early removal of the more difficult, but also the resistance of the project.
T15271 793492-793644 Sentence denotes Due to the January 2016 catheter-related urinary tract infection density rise, and then timely analysis and improvement, to achieve the desired results.
T68435 793645-793798 Sentence denotes Impact analysis of hemodialysis-related bloodstream infection after bundle care intervention Chia-Hung Liao, Jeng-Hua Ling, Zong-Fang Jhung, Hung-Ni Lee.
T40675 793799-793810 Sentence denotes Background:
T47785 793811-793903 Sentence denotes In Taiwan, most end-stage renal failure patient received hemodialysis replacement treatment.
T55550 793904-794031 Sentence denotes Health-care associated bloodstream infection may result in elevated morbidity, mortality, prolonged admission, and higher cost.
T67421 794032-794199 Sentence denotes We conducted previous evidence-based procedures identified as having the great effect on the rate of bloodstream infection as "bundles care" to the hemodialysis units.
T83788 794200-794307 Sentence denotes Finally, we compared hemodialysis associated bloodstream infection rate before and after the interventions.
T22266 794308-794316 Sentence denotes Methods:
T89130 794317-794357 Sentence denotes This project was conducted step-by-step.
T35495 794358-794408 Sentence denotes Staff education was performed before June of 2016.
T20377 794409-794642 Sentence denotes And we used double-lumen hemodialysis catheter insertion checking list, double-lumen/ hickman hemodialysis catheter care checking list, and arteriovenous fistula care checking list to standardize the procedures since 2016, June, 1st.
T41930 794643-794755 Sentence denotes We calculated and analyzed compliance and correct rate, and gave feedback to the hemodialysis units every month.
T98913 794756-794863 Sentence denotes Finally, we analyzed hemodialysis associated bloodstream infection rate before and after the interventions.
T67816 794864-794872 Sentence denotes Results:
T45386 794873-795020 Sentence denotes After education and coarse, we conducted the evidencedbased procedures identified as lowering the rate of bloodstream infections as checking lists.
T60897 795021-795088 Sentence denotes After intervention, compliance and correct rate improved gradually.
T75626 795089-795176 Sentence denotes And hemodialysis associated bloodstream infection also improved (January ∼ May of 2016:
T74184 795177-795208 Sentence denotes 0.692‰; June ∼ October of 2016:
T49554 795209-795216 Sentence denotes 0.32‰).
T73519 795217-795228 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T31894 795229-795429 Sentence denotes An evidence-based bundle care intervention of hemodialysis units may resulted in improved compliance and correct rates of medical staff, and reduced hemodialysis associated bloodstream infection rate.
T6539 795430-795759 Sentence denotes Use of an education programme to encourage hand hygiene with alcohol-based handrub and reduce near-patient environmental contamination in elderly residents in long-term care O'Donoghue Margaret 1 , Yang Lin 1 , Siu Gilman Kit-Hang 2 , Lee Paul Hong 1 , Boost Maureen Valerie 1 , Ho Jacqueline Mei Chi 1 , Suen Lorna Kwai Ping 1 .
T98703 795760-795918 Sentence denotes 1 School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 2 Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Background:
T78537 795919-796157 Sentence denotes Elderly residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) colonized or infected with multidrug resistant organisms act as important reservoirs leading to cross-contamination within the LTCF as well as transfer to the hospital upon admission.
T89996 796158-796248 Sentence denotes Colonization with MRSA is well recognized as a major risk factor for subsequent infection.
T28850 796249-796425 Sentence denotes The role of patients' hands has been neglected both in hospitals and LTCFs even though it has been suggested that they may represent an under-recognized reservoir of pathogens.
T49031 796426-796673 Sentence denotes We aimed to determine if education, regular reminders and improved availability of alcohol based hand rub (ABHR) would increase frequency of hand hygiene by elderly residents in long term care capable of performing hand hygiene without assistance.
T13271 796674-796682 Sentence denotes Methods:
T64188 796683-796786 Sentence denotes Nasal swabs were collected from 321 elderly subjects attending community centres for social activities.
T41512 796787-796827 Sentence denotes Swabs were cultured on chromogenic agar.
T19793 796828-796881 Sentence denotes Species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF.
T71554 796882-796988 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and results interpreted according to EUCAST guidelines.
T53830 796989-797030 Sentence denotes Presence of AR genes was detected by PCR.
T28926 797031-797041 Sentence denotes Figure 1 .
T85541 797042-797226 Sentence denotes Hand and near-patient environmental contamination before-and after a one-month hand hygiene intervention involving use of ABHR in a LTCF for elderly residents (data for test subjects).
T43826 797227-797235 Sentence denotes Results:
T91297 797236-797475 Sentence denotes All participants complied during which time we were able to demonstrate a significant reduction in both hand and nearpatient environmental contamination for those patients who previously had highest levels of organisms present (Figure 1 ).
T69731 797476-797633 Sentence denotes Frequency of hand hygiene events per day also increased significantly over the period with significant change in frequencies in each quartile ( p = < 0.001).
T93168 797634-797645 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T35404 797646-797912 Sentence denotes By adopting directly observed hand hygiene for subjects capable of using ABHR without assistance, it should be possible for all residents of a LTCF to achieve improved hand hygiene on three occasions by introducing this methodology before each of the main mealtimes.
T90231 797913-798069 Sentence denotes For elderly unable to perform hand hygiene by themselves, we propose that HCWs physically assist these patients by rubbing the ABHR on their hands for them.
T29806 798070-798169 Sentence denotes This preliminary study shows promise as an approach to reduce the MDRO problem in the LTCF setting.
T48006 798170-798181 Sentence denotes Background:
T60956 798182-798390 Sentence denotes In order to monitor infectious diseases and avoid potential epidemic outbreaks in Taiwan, our hospital participated in the Epidemic Prevention Cloud Project driven by Center for Disease Control (CDC) in 2016.
T20517 798391-798553 Sentence denotes We developed and established automatic laboratory data delivered platform connected with CDC server to provide prompt and sustained data for disease surveillance.
T90113 798554-798562 Sentence denotes Methods:
T96412 798563-798638 Sentence denotes Several strategies were launched in our hospital to achieve the assignment.
T79112 798639-798843 Sentence denotes First, the medical technologists and information technicians participated in the training courses on LOINC (Logical Observation Identifies Names and Codes) and RELMA (Regenstrief LOINC Mapping Assistant).
T30237 798844-798942 Sentence denotes Then, we mapped and organized all laboratory raw data from laboratory information system database.
T26055 798943-799078 Sentence denotes The information technicians developed the automatic data exchange programs based on LOINC to standardize laboratory report information.
T71639 799079-799162 Sentence denotes The data were analysed and audited by medical technologists before uploading daily.
T35098 799163-799275 Sentence denotes In addition, the uploading data were sampling investigated by CDC during testing period to confirm the accuracy.
T92948 799276-799284 Sentence denotes Results:
T71526 799285-799446 Sentence denotes We could successfully transfer twenty kinds of regulated organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Hepatitis C virus, and Streptococcus agalactiae and so on.
T4982 799447-799521 Sentence denotes We totally submitted 2892 designated items from August to November to CDC.
T54833 799522-799622 Sentence denotes More than 10% increases in overall uploading pathogens were observed compared with baseline in 2015.
T12189 799623-799634 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T40964 799635-799765 Sentence denotes In summary, we finished the automatic data exchange programs and transfer platform to provide data for public health surveillance.
T98860 799766-799952 Sentence denotes The goverment could immediately monitor all hospitals report data in Taiwan to effectively analyze recent trends in all kinds of infectious diseases by Epidemic Prevention Cloud Project.
T97416 799953-800053 Sentence denotes The continued surveillance of infectious diseases should be performed and popularized in the future.
T44962 800054-800145 Sentence denotes Adopting the gatekeeper model to enhance quality of port-acath Hsin-Hsu Chen, Hui-Ping Sun.
T15404 800146-800171 Sentence denotes Tainan Municipal Hospital
T95276 800172-800183 Sentence denotes Background:
T7425 800184-800311 Sentence denotes Port-a-cath is most often used for chemotherapy regimen and nurses have been playing a central role in patient's catheter care.
T37374 800312-800615 Sentence denotes The quality of catheter care directly influences patients' safety so patients and family members should be incorporated into the gatekeeper model of port-a-cath care to enhance communication between healthcare professionals and patients and quality of care through shared decision-making (SDM) strategy.
T83421 800616-800624 Sentence denotes Methods:
T21472 800625-800962 Sentence denotes The team used Maternal Health booklet for reference to formulate Port-A-Cath Care booklet which contained the information of self-assessment, postoperative wound care, infusion notes, principle of care after discharge to home and infusion record after discussions and allowed patients to understand the use and management of port-a-cath.
T52237 800963-800971 Sentence denotes Results:
T19230 800972-801235 Sentence denotes Patients' condition at home and present condition at admission would be understood through self-assessment of brochure after their admission to hospital; therefore, nurses could provide patients with timely access to relevant information and nursing intervention.
T11534 801236-801556 Sentence denotes Since the implementation of the study at a regional hospital in February, 2017, we found that completion rate of port-a-cath care guidance reached 100%; in addition, patient satisfaction scores increased from 3.31 to 4.1, with a significant improvement in suitability of nursing procedure and timeliness of nursing care.
T99093 801557-801568 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T38726 801569-802032 Sentence denotes Although we worry that giving more information regarding port-a-cath to the patients and family members will increase probability of disputes occurrence between patients and hospital staff if the staff members don't follow the standard of care, it is necessary to incorporate patients and family numbers into the gatekeeper mode to have a better understanding of clinical quality and thereby enhance education training of practice staff to improve patient safety.
T47538 802033-802044 Sentence denotes Background:
T48767 802045-802161 Sentence denotes Effective control of tuberculosis (TB) requires a close partnership between private and public healthcare providers.
T93782 802162-802318 Sentence denotes An integrated web-based information system is vital and crucial for engaging all relevant healthcare providers in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of TB.
T61432 802319-802327 Sentence denotes Methods:
T91409 802328-802487 Sentence denotes A "MONITOR" information system was established in 2016 by Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (TCDC) with single entryway and enhanced capacity and flexibility.
T46858 802488-802578 Sentence denotes Main purpose of the system is to promote more rapid response and provide decision support.
T62104 802579-802755 Sentence denotes Information such as TB epidemiology, case management, treatment, DOTS rate, contact tracing coverage, TB clusters, TB statistics and laboratory data are included in the system.
T18630 802756-802834 Sentence denotes Information without personal data can be viewed online with access permission.
T13424 802835-803106 Sentence denotes Daily laboratory data including AFB-smear, culture, identification, drug susceptibility testing and the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) are automatically entered from different interface of diverse information systems in clinical settings and public health sectors.
T21750 803107-803270 Sentence denotes The system provides timely warnings of drug-resistant cases, IGRA-positive cases and high-risk populations to management staff according to their responsibilities.
T68543 803271-803409 Sentence denotes In addition, daily scheduled analyses of laboratory quality indicators, turnaround time and visualized profiles are updated automatically.
T6269 803410-803418 Sentence denotes Results:
T81945 803419-803584 Sentence denotes Currently, the information system covers 100% of TB patients under management and 100% high-risk populations which need to be rapidly diagnosed of drug-resistant TB.
T53441 803585-803679 Sentence denotes Automated data transfer reduces workload and prevents entry errors caused by first-line staff.
T70540 803680-803736 Sentence denotes We observed increase of timeliness and accuracy of data.
T41977 803737-803868 Sentence denotes Automated real-time analysis of indicators can enhance laboratory quality management and facilitate prompt response to occurrences.
T86096 803869-804001 Sentence denotes Moreover, centralized monitoring of effectiveness of the laboratory services and case management are conducted by TCDC periodically.
T78889 804002-804083 Sentence denotes The system improves mobilization of TB control activities and outbreak responses.
T55245 804084-804095 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T67457 804096-804250 Sentence denotes Our findings indicate that effective, timely and comprehensive information sharing through the web-based "MONITOR" system can improve TB care and control.
T3988 804251-804520 Sentence denotes Assessing the effects of different processing procedures on the yield of Treponema pallidum DNA from blood Li-Rong Lin 1 , Jin-Yi Fan 1 , Xiao-Zhen Zhu 1 , Zheng-Xiang Gao 1 , Xu Shen 3 , Kun Gao 1 , Dan Liu 1 , Jian-Jun Niu 1,2 , Li-Li Liu 1,2 *, Tian-Ci Yang 1,2,3 *.
T18006 804521-804532 Sentence denotes Background:
T81725 804533-804674 Sentence denotes Blood is convenient for the extraction of Treponema pallidum DNA for PCR, but the sensitivity of T. pallidum DNA detection is unsatisfactory.
T35899 804675-804814 Sentence denotes Here, we investigated the effects of different processing procedures on the yield of T. pallidum DNA from blood to improve the sensitivity.
T69970 804815-804823 Sentence denotes Methods:
T11583 804824-805066 Sentence denotes We employed a real-time PCR with the target of tp0574 to evaluate the T. pallidum DNA yield in a series of simulated experiments and from infected rabbit blood, testing different centrifugal forces, processing times, and storage temperatures.
T81343 805067-805114 Sentence denotes Red cell lysis pretreatment was also conducted.
T97092 805115-805123 Sentence denotes Results:
T24479 805124-805305 Sentence denotes The T. pallidum DNA yields following red cell lysis pretreatment were 40.4 times greater from whole blood and 32.4 times greater from residual hematocytes than without pretreatment.
T20839 805306-805577 Sentence denotes For the whole-blood simulated experiments, the T. pallidum DNA yields in the lower layer were 2.8, 4.6, 7.3, 12.6, 15.24, 16.7, 65.1 and 73 .1 times that of the upper layer at the centrifugal forces of 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 5000, 7000, 10,000 and 20,000 g, respectively.
T41939 805578-805670 Sentence denotes However, the T. pallidum DNA yields from clots were only 1% at different centrifugal forces.
T66520 805671-805753 Sentence denotes The infected rabbit blood experiment had similar results to those mentioned above.
T54102 805754-805904 Sentence denotes In addition, sample processing time (within 48 h) and storage temperature (between 4°C and 25°C) did not affect T. pallidum DNA extraction efficiency.
T45935 805905-805916 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T65979 805917-806035 Sentence denotes The T. pallidum DNA yield can be significantly improved by red cell lysis pretreatment and appropriate centrifugation.
T15158 806036-806178 Sentence denotes Furthermore, the DNA extraction yield of T. pallidum is greater from whole blood or residual hematocytes compared with plasma, serum or clots.
T54818 806179-806406 Sentence denotes Comparison of three preparation methods for direct identification of microorganisms from positive blood cultures by MALDI-TOF-MS Jeong Su Park 1,2 *, Da Yeong Song 2 , Taek Soo Kim 2,3 , Kyoung Un Park 1,2 , Eui-Chong Kim 2,3 .
T64160 806407-806691 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
T69585 806692-806703 Sentence denotes Background:
T59289 806704-806938 Sentence denotes Direct identification of microorganisms from positive blood culture bottles using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) has been reported effective to treatment of septic patient.
T51061 806939-807062 Sentence denotes However, additional cost for commercialized MALDI Sepsityper kit (Bruker Daltonics) may be burden to clinical laboratories.
T14010 807063-807214 Sentence denotes This study evaluated three preparation methods (simple centrifugation, ethanol/formic acid preparation, Sepsityper method) from positive blood culture.
T9614 807215-807223 Sentence denotes Methods:
T82462 807224-807368 Sentence denotes This study was performed between September 2013 and March 2014 at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital in Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
T24389 807369-807451 Sentence denotes Bottles showing positive blood cultures by BacT/ALERT 3D (bioMérieux) were tested.
T94196 807452-807568 Sentence denotes Cultures were subjected to further MALDI-TOF-MS, VITEK II (bioMérieux), and Microscan (Siemens Healthcare) analysis.
T38703 807569-807681 Sentence denotes The pellets from three direct preparation methods were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and the cut-off score was 1.7.
T23303 807682-807809 Sentence denotes Fisher's exact test and McNemar Chi-square test was used; a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
T69121 807810-807949 Sentence denotes For simple centrifugation method, 1.5 mL of broth in tube was centrifugated at 13,500 rpm for one minute and the supernatant was discarded.
T61177 807950-808106 Sentence denotes For ethanol/ formic acid preparation, after simple preparation, non-Sepsityper pellet from aerobic bottle was suspended in 1 mL of 0.26% saponin and washed.
T16628 808107-808193 Sentence denotes The pellet was treated with 75% ethanol, and then in 70% formic acid and acetonitrile.
T29917 808194-808280 Sentence denotes The Sepsityper preparation was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions.
T39001 808281-808289 Sentence denotes Results:
T10923 808290-808388 Sentence denotes Total number of identified patient was 83 and 26 were cultured both aerobic and anaerobic bottles.
T86378 808389-808454 Sentence denotes 5 fungi, 7 mixed bacteria, 1 polymicrobial samples were excluded.
T20318 808455-808545 Sentence denotes The samples from Sepsityper method were identified better than other methods ( p < 0.001).
T58437 808546-808729 Sentence denotes Especially in simple centrifugation, Gram positive bacteria were significantly less identified than Gram negative bacteria. echinocandin agents is preferred for C. glabrata infection.
T27832 808730-808879 Sentence denotes We suggest that echinocandin should be started as an empiric antifungal therapy if the blood culture turns positive after 50 h of aerobic incubation.
T76807 808880-809043 Sentence denotes Efficacy and safety of echinocandins for the prevention of invasive fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies Mei-Chuan Lee 1 , Han-Siong Toh 2 .
T87709 809044-809201 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Pharmacy, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, 2 Department of intensive care medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan Background:
T10197 809202-809347 Sentence denotes Patients with hematologic malignancies are at high risk of invasive fungal infections (IFIs), which has been associated with high mortality rate.
T54106 809348-809422 Sentence denotes In the past, azoles are the only available antifungal prophylactic agents.
T17525 809423-809575 Sentence denotes The novel antifungal agents, echinocandins, had been found to have strong antifungal activity against most isolates of Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp.
T14004 809576-809733 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of echinocandins for the prevention of invasive fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies.
T31086 809734-809742 Sentence denotes Methods:
T38107 809743-809781 Sentence denotes The following databases were searched:
T66967 809782-809897 Sentence denotes Medline, Pubmed (1966 to May 2017 and Cochrane databases (The Cochrane Library 2017) without language restrictions.
T37899 809898-809942 Sentence denotes We also handsearched the related references.
T19412 809943-810155 Sentence denotes Only randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing azoles and echinocandins were included for further analyses, and all echinocandins (micafungin, caspofungin and anidulafungin) were compared in their effectiveness.
T2642 810156-810288 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis was performed with Review Manager Version 5.3 and meta-analysis was synthesized using the random-effects model.
T94722 810289-810462 Sentence denotes The results was expressed as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and heterogeneity was tested using the Cochran Q statistics generated from the χ 2 test.
T43847 810463-810471 Sentence denotes Results:
T87331 810472-810644 Sentence denotes After quality assessment, we reviewed evidence from 5 RCTs that enrolled 1632 patients with hematologic malignancies who received antifungal agents as prophylaxis for IFIs.
T44455 810645-810746 Sentence denotes There were 3 RCTs comparing micafungin and azoles, and 2 other RCTs comparing caspofungin and azoles.
T49306 810747-810817 Sentence denotes There has no RCT comparing anidulafungin with other antifungal agents.
T43663 810818-810947 Sentence denotes The overall incidence of IFIs has no significant difference between the two echinocandins and azoles (RR:0.84, 95% CI 0.71-1.01).
T54696 810948-811169 Sentence denotes However, subgroup analysis showed that micafungin is more effective than azoles for prevention of IFIs (RR:0.78, 95% CI 0.61-0.98), and caspofungin has similar effects with azoles (RR:0.94, 95% CI 0.72-1.23). (Figure 1 ).
T80901 811170-811181 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T92644 811182-811310 Sentence denotes This meta-analysis shows that micafungin might be a better choice for IFI prophylaxis in patients with hematologic malignancies.
T80449 811311-811418 Sentence denotes However, the effectiveness of caspofungin might be mitigated due to the smaller sample size in the studies.
T7142 811419-811490 Sentence denotes The data of safety is still insufficient and further RCTs are required.
T65756 811491-811592 Sentence denotes Consider the cost and efficacy, micafungin could be suggested as the first choice of IFI prophylaxis.
T51626 811593-811735 Sentence denotes The distribution and drug susceptibility of Candida species in cancer patients with candidemia in a cancer center Yi-Hsuan Chen, Ting-Mei Liu.
T41272 811736-811832 Sentence denotes Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taiwan
T27717 811833-811844 Sentence denotes Background:
T57446 811845-811945 Sentence denotes Candida is the most common cause of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised cancer patients.
T89474 811946-812061 Sentence denotes The knowledge of antibiotics susceptibility of different Candida species may help clinicians in treatment planning.
T21657 812062-812070 Sentence denotes Methods:
T67075 812071-812180 Sentence denotes We retrieved the data of the Candida species in patients with candidemia during the period from 2014 to 2016.
T84073 812181-812303 Sentence denotes The yeast identification methods included window test, CHROMagar Candida, Urease, Pellicle, API-20 C AUX, and VITEK 2 YST.
T69938 812304-812369 Sentence denotes We also performed yeast drug susceptibility test by ATB FUNGUS 3.
T46364 812370-812495 Sentence denotes The Interpretive guidelines for in vitro susceptibility testing of Candida species were applied according to the CLSI M27-S3.
T61040 812496-812504 Sentence denotes Results:
T33455 812505-812561 Sentence denotes There were 50 colonies of Candida species in candidemia.
T96054 812562-812865 Sentence denotes C. albicans [n = 21 (42%)] was the most commen species, followed by C. parapsilosis [n = 10 (20%)], C. glabrata [n = 7 (14%)], C. tropicalis [n = 6 (12%)], C. guiliermondii complex [n = 2 (4%)], C. krusei [n = 1 (2%)], C. inconspicua [n = 1 (2%)], C. haemilonii [n = 1 (2%)], C. lusitaniae [n = 1 (2%)].
T93817 812866-813062 Sentence denotes We also performed anti-fungal drug susceptibility tests including Flucytosine, Amphotericin B, Voriconazole, Fluconazole, and Intraconazole for 82 Candida colonies isolated from aseptic specimens.
T65039 813063-813189 Sentence denotes C. albicans (n = 42) and C. tropicalis (n = 9) was susceptible to Intraconazole with sensitivity of 98% and 67%, respectively.
T11585 813190-813247 Sentence denotes Both species were susceptible to other antifungal agents.
T96652 813248-813449 Sentence denotes However, C. glabrata (n = 12) was indiscernibly susceptible to Fluconazole and Intraconazole but had susceptible rates to Amphotericin B, Flucytosine, Voriconazole with 100%, 92% and 83%, respectively.
T90213 813450-813550 Sentence denotes All of C. parapsilosis (n = 12) and C. lusitaniae (n = 1) were susceptible to all antifungal agents.
T72280 813551-813624 Sentence denotes C. krusei (n = 3) was a species with intrinsic resistance to Fluconazole.
T33889 813625-813785 Sentence denotes The susceptibility of C. krusei to Flucytosine was intermediate, and had the susceptible rates of 100% and 67% to Voriconazole and Amphotericin B, respectively.
T2196 813786-813913 Sentence denotes C. guiliermondii complex (n = 2) were susceptible to all anti-fungal agents except intermediately susceptible to Intraconazole.
T42439 813914-813916 Sentence denotes C.
T98823 813917-814043 Sentence denotes Inconspicua (n = 1) was intermediately susceptible to Fluconazole and Intraconazole and susceptible to other antifugal agents.
T30483 814044-814182 Sentence denotes Conclusion: C. albicans remains the most common species found in patients with Candidemia, which is similar to reports in other countries.
T91914 814183-814245 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, the incidence is decreasing to be less than 50%.
T51560 814246-814329 Sentence denotes C. tropicalis is not the second common species, but C. parapsilosis or C. glabrata.
T5502 814330-814489 Sentence denotes The knowledge of the distribution of anti-fungal drug susceptibility of different Candida species in the hospital may help clinicians in prescription planning.
T59747 814490-814726 Sentence denotes Ocular candidiasis in patients with candidemia Takashi Ueda 1 , Yoshio Takesue 1 , Kazuhiko Nakajima 1 , Kaoru Ichiki 1 , Kaori Ishikawa 1 , Yasunao Wada 1 , Toshie Tsuchida 1 , Yoshiko Takahashi 2 , Mika Ishihara 2 , Takeshi Kimura 2 .
T16396 814727-814907 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan, 2 Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan Background:
T55852 814908-814965 Sentence denotes Ocular candidiasis is a major complication of candidemia.
T48672 814966-815130 Sentence denotes At our institution, ophthalmological examinations are routinely performed in patients with candidemia based on the bundle approach (Takesue Y et al., JAC, 2015; 70:
T70781 815131-815141 Sentence denotes 587-93.) .
T71213 815142-815150 Sentence denotes Methods:
T72451 815151-815444 Sentence denotes The incidence of ocular candidiasis among patients with candidemia, the timing of diagnosis, the vitreous body involvement rate, antifungal use, and clinical outcomes were reviewed in non-neutropenic adult patients with ocular candidiasis that were reated between April 2007 and December 2016.
T13542 815445-815453 Sentence denotes Results:
T39616 815454-815589 Sentence denotes Among 120 candidemia patients, 116 underwent ophthalmological examinations, and ocular candidiasis was detected in 28 patients (24.1%).
T51484 815590-815796 Sentence denotes Twenty-one patients were diagnosed at the initial examination (median 4 days from the culture of the blood sample positive), and 7 further patients were diagnosed at follow-up examinations (median 11 days).
T43833 815797-815864 Sentence denotes Vitreous body involvement was detected in 9 of 28 patients (32.1%).
T2786 815865-815943 Sentence denotes Among the 24 conscious patients, 9 complained of visual abnormalities (37.5%).
T70522 815944-816182 Sentence denotes Candida albicans was the most commonly detected causative agent in the patients' blood specimens, and the C. albicans isolation rates of the patients with and without ocular candidiasis differed significantly (92.9% vs. 31.1%, P < 0.001).
T36522 816183-816320 Sentence denotes The patients with ocular candidiasis had significantly higher β-D-glucan values (278.4 ± 212.6 pg/mL vs. 132.6 ± 197.6 pg/mL, P = 0.001).
T61607 816321-816571 Sentence denotes Treatment success (an improvement in the patient's clinical data and the resolution of ocular disease confirmed by an ophthalmological examination) was achieved in 20 of 28 patients (71.4%) and visual recovery was obtained in 7 of 8 patients (88.9%).
T33778 816572-816622 Sentence denotes The 28-day mortality rate was 7/28 patients (25%).
T59338 816623-816760 Sentence denotes Fluconazole, voriconazole, and liposomal amphotericin B were administered as initial antifungals to 10, 4, and 14 patients, respectively.
T48098 816761-816857 Sentence denotes As alternative selection, voriconazole was used in 4 and liposomal amphotericin B in 6 patients.
T46000 816858-816923 Sentence denotes Stepdown oral therapy was introduced in 9 of 28 patients (32.1%).
T66283 816924-817017 Sentence denotes None of the patients received intravitreal injections of antifungals or underwent vitrectomy.
T36929 817018-817233 Sentence denotes The mean duration of intravenous antifungal therapy was significantly longer in patients with vitreous body involvement compared with patients with Chorioretinitis (42.8 ± 12.4 days vs. 31.2 ± 13.7 days, P = 0.047).
T55720 817234-817245 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T44030 817246-817321 Sentence denotes The incidence of candidiasis (24.1%) was concomitant with previous reports.
T48571 817322-817395 Sentence denotes However, a higher frequency of vitreous body involvement was experienced.
T17563 817396-817588 Sentence denotes In addition, a considerable number of patients who were not diagnosed with ocular candidiasis at the initial examination exhibited the condition during follow-up ophthalmological examinations.
T45301 817589-817730 Sentence denotes Outcome of fluconazole dosing on candidemia caused by different Candida species Ching-Yao Shih*, Hui-Shan Tsai, Wen-Liang Lin, Feng-Ying Yeh.
T91234 817731-817822 Sentence denotes Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan Background:
T95600 817823-817916 Sentence denotes Fluconazole was amongst the first line of antifungal agent in invasive candidiasis in Taiwan.
T52182 817917-818065 Sentence denotes Different Candida species showed various susceptibilities to fluconazole which dosedependent sensitive of fluconazole posed concern on its efficacy.
T42792 818066-818074 Sentence denotes Methods:
T29494 818075-818236 Sentence denotes This retrospective study included 194 adult patients with candidemia who has treated with antifungal agents at least 48 hours from July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2014.
T39240 818237-818312 Sentence denotes We recorded patient's medical history and laboratory data during treatment.
T1314 818313-818437 Sentence denotes Mortality 14 days after the end of treatment and pathogen eradication rate were primary and secondary endpoint respectively.
T69124 818438-818559 Sentence denotes Logistic regression and Mantel-Haenszel test were utilized to analysis the variant that might influence clinical outcome.
T68196 818560-818568 Sentence denotes Results:
T22325 818569-818790 Sentence denotes Mortality rate and pathogen distribution were Candida albicans (30.7%, 45.4%), C. tropicalis (37.2%, 22.2%), C. parapsilosis (25.9%, 13.9%), C. glabrata (28.0%, 12.9%) and other Candida species (27.3%, 5.7%) respectively.
T222 818791-818824 Sentence denotes Overall mortality rate was 30.9%.
T62284 818825-818907 Sentence denotes C. tropicalis infection has higher mortality rate, but no statistical significant.
T85576 818908-818943 Sentence denotes Overall eradication rate was 79.4%.
T88461 818944-819012 Sentence denotes C. albicans infection was higher proportion to clear (86.4%, median:
T41422 819013-819053 Sentence denotes 8 days) then C. glabrata (68.0%, median:
T10795 819054-819074 Sentence denotes 9 days) ( p = 0.56).
T29863 819075-819266 Sentence denotes Fluconazole was used as initial treatment in almost all case (96.4%) and 80.9% of fluconazole dose adjusted by renal function and weight accordingly, but only 37.1% of them gave loading dose.
T99540 819267-819423 Sentence denotes Logistic regression found that continue treatment with another 2 weeks after documented clearance was significant associated with survival rate (Odds ratio:
T20649 819424-819436 Sentence denotes 5.6, 95% CI:
T67066 819437-819449 Sentence denotes 2.18-14.38).
T39863 819450-819635 Sentence denotes However, to give fluconazole loading dose and to keep maintenance dose of fluconazole more then 6 mg/kg were showed no significant associated to mortality rate and pathogen eradication.
T11221 819636-819647 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T86707 819648-819740 Sentence denotes In this study, adequate treatment course of fluconazole is associated with patient survival.
T56694 819741-819923 Sentence denotes Even if different Candida species do not reveal poor clinical outcome, but a new treatment strategy of candidemia for increasing fluconazole-resistance Candida pathogen is necessary.
T78552 819924-820146 Sentence denotes Pulmonary fungal infection due to a Basidiomycete species (Ceriporia lacerata) in a HIV patient Lih-shinn Wang 1 , Chia-ching Jackie Wang 5 , Huei-jen Chao 3 , Siao-ru Lin 3 , Chih-bin Lin 2 , Yung-hsiang Hsu 4 Background:
T30377 820147-820287 Sentence denotes Basidiomycetes are rarely reported as a cause for invasive respiratory infection, despite airborne spores being abundant in the environment.
T77494 820288-820339 Sentence denotes Immunocompromised individuals are more susceptible.
T31002 820340-820348 Sentence denotes Methods:
T55763 820349-820420 Sentence denotes A 27-year-old MSM was admitted for 2-week history of FUO in Aug., 2013.
T21004 820421-820505 Sentence denotes He complained of fever, dizziness, sore throat, purulent sputum, cough, and myalgia.
T22301 820506-820543 Sentence denotes He denied abdominal pain or diarrhea.
T21489 820544-820603 Sentence denotes He received antipyretics, which did not resolve the fevers.
T30158 820604-820669 Sentence denotes He had been treated with entecavir for HBV infection for 4 years.
T29788 820670-820715 Sentence denotes He was found to be HIV-infected on admission.
T73809 820716-820802 Sentence denotes His CD4 was 42 cells/uL, and he was started on zidovudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine.
T78470 820803-820862 Sentence denotes Chest X-ray (CXR) revealed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates.
T28003 820863-820933 Sentence denotes He also had reactive RPR and positive TP-PA in both the serum and CSF.
T26094 820934-821083 Sentence denotes Intravenous penicillin treatment was administered for neurosyphilis, and the patient partially improved with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim treatment.
T61090 821084-821225 Sentence denotes Then the patient developed generalized erythematous patches and plaques, which was attributed to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim or nevirapine.
T60342 821226-821310 Sentence denotes Nevirapine was changed to Kaletra, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim to clindamycin.
T20692 821311-821376 Sentence denotes He was diagnosed with PCP by sputum PCR, but CXR did not improve.
T60203 821377-821429 Sentence denotes Toxoplasma serology and IHA for ameba were negative.
T63409 821430-821438 Sentence denotes Results:
T58540 821439-821526 Sentence denotes The patient was again febrile on hospital day 12 and blood PCR confirmed CMV infection.
T32947 821527-821628 Sentence denotes Whole body Gallium scan showed increased uptake of bilateral lungs without other focus of infections.
T31661 821629-821730 Sentence denotes He became afebrile after initiating intravenous ganciclovir treatment, but still CXR did not improve.
T77648 821731-821853 Sentence denotes Chest HRCT revealed mixed alveolar and interstitial lesions of bilateral lungs, and patchy consolidation of hilar regions.
T53587 821854-821950 Sentence denotes Pathology of bronchoscopic biopsy revealed fungal infection, and amphotericin B (AmB) was added.
T69235 821951-822075 Sentence denotes The patient could not tolerate conventional AmB due to rigors and fevers, and we replaced it with the liposomal formulation.
T2152 822076-822183 Sentence denotes After 2 weeks of liposomal AmB treatment, his antifunal therapy was changed to oral itraconazole treatment.
T78597 822184-822329 Sentence denotes Culture of bronchoalveolar lavage grew a filamentous fungus ( Figure) , and PCR confirmed the isolate as a Basidiomycota sp., Ceriporia lacerata.
T39504 822330-822390 Sentence denotes The patient was treated with oral itraconazole for 6 months.
T39641 822391-822440 Sentence denotes No recurrence was found after a 3 year follow-up.
T57718 822441-822452 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T69408 822453-822583 Sentence denotes Fungal infections account for a large number of AIDSindex diagnoses and complicate the course of many patients with HIV infection.
T96190 822584-822786 Sentence denotes Clinical suspicion and broader recognition of diseases caused by filamentous fungi among clinicians and microbiologists would improve therapeutic experience and selection of better treatment strategies.
T72177 822787-822798 Sentence denotes Background:
T44942 822799-822947 Sentence denotes Candida glabrata species complex includes Candida glabrata sensu stricto and two major cryptic species, Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis.
T33716 822948-823048 Sentence denotes Distinction of these species is relevant for epidemiological purposes and for antifungal management.
T57614 823049-823214 Sentence denotes Phenotypic identification methods frequently misidentify these species as "C. glabrata." Hence their identification depends on molecular methods, or by MALDI-TOF MS.
T89810 823215-823404 Sentence denotes Although DNA sequencing of the fungal rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region or the D1/D2 region of the 28S rRNA gene is accurate, molecular analysis is time-consuming and expensive.
T87814 823405-823618 Sentence denotes In the present study, we sought to examine the ability of the Vitek MS and Burker MS systems to differentiate between the species within the C. glabrata complex, using a variety of software including ClinProTools.
T80177 823619-823627 Sentence denotes Methods:
T88364 823628-823942 Sentence denotes Two commercial MALDI-TOF MS systems (Vitek MS system [bioMérieux] and the Bruker MS system [Bruker Daltoniks]) employing the Vitek MS RUO and Bruker ClinProTools programs, respectively were evaluated for the identification of 33 isolates of C. glabrata complex (17 C. glabrata, 14 C. nivarensis, 2 C. bracarensis).
T52296 823943-824092 Sentence denotes Results: C. glabrata sensu stricto was identified correctly by both systems with distinct principle components compared with the two cryptic species.
T82354 824093-824280 Sentence denotes All C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis could not be identified to species level by the Vitek MS v2.0 IVD and Bruker Biotyper MS v3.1, but were all correctly identified by the Vitek MS RUO.
T64729 824281-824452 Sentence denotes The generic algorithm model from ClinProTools software showed 100% recognition capability and cross validation for the discrimination of C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis.
T31375 824453-824713 Sentence denotes Spectra peak statistics revealed that five markers (3292.47Da, 4152.64Da, 6245.75Da, 6585.15Da and 7304.68Da) can reliably distinguish between C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.928, 0.9998, 1, 1 and 1, respectively.
T58720 824714-824892 Sentence denotes A small "inhouse" Bruker spectral database was established incorporating spectra of two clinical isolates representing C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis identified in this study.
T20041 824893-825066 Sentence denotes After complementation with the "in-house" database, all the remaining 14 C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis isolates were correctly identified to species level (score >2.00).
T74737 825067-825166 Sentence denotes Conclusion: MALDI-TOF MS enabled rapid and reliable identification of C. glabrata complex isolates.
T1485 825167-825410 Sentence denotes The use of the Vitek MS RUO system, Bruker ClinProTools software and the addition of MSP to Bruker MS databases representing the local diversity of isolates assisted with achieving differentiation of cryptic species within C. glabrata complex.
T41380 825411-825422 Sentence denotes Background:
T42567 825423-825611 Sentence denotes The Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis and the fungus Candida albicans are both common opportunistic pathogens in human body, such as the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract.
T44092 825612-825699 Sentence denotes An estimated 27-56% of nosocomial C. albicans bloodstream infections are polymicrobial.
T19423 825700-825836 Sentence denotes The top three most commonly co-isolated bacterial species were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus spp., and Staphylococcus aureus.
T35211 825837-826104 Sentence denotes Previous in vitro studies showed that E. faecalis could inhibit the C. albicans hyphal morphogenesis and reduce its biofilm formation, furthermore co-infection of E. faecalis and C. albicans in mice resulted in less mortality than infection with either species alone.
T83342 826105-826282 Sentence denotes However, in clinical mixed bloodstream infection associated with Candida and Enterococcus is rare but it causes with worse clinical outcomes in immune compromise cancer patient.
T13962 826283-826421 Sentence denotes The interaction between these two microbes in mixed-type infection in bloodstream, i.e. the planktonic form is investigated in this study.
T39986 826422-826430 Sentence denotes Methods:
T14825 826431-826576 Sentence denotes The epidemiology of bloodstream infection with E. faecalis, C. albicans, and mixed infection cases collected from Chi-Mei hospital were analyzed.
T81071 826577-826674 Sentence denotes RPMI-1640 medium was used to co-culture the two microbes for testing their interaction in growth.
T53188 826675-826792 Sentence denotes An in vitro biofilm assay was used to study the influence of yeast form C. albicans mixed infection with E. faecalis.
T45142 826793-827015 Sentence denotes The drug susceptibilities against antibiotics, ampicillin and gentamicin, and antifungals, caspofungin and amphotericin B, of these microbes will be analyzed to check their phenotypic changes that associate with virulence.
T33271 827016-827024 Sentence denotes Results:
T99775 827025-827178 Sentence denotes In Candida-associated mixed bloodstream infection, the incidence of infection cases with E. faecalis is significantly higher than any other gut bacteria.
T29832 827179-827297 Sentence denotes Similar to previous reports, the decrease in biofilm formation in C. albicans was proved by an in vitro biofilm assay.
T57951 827298-827387 Sentence denotes The resistance to antibiotic was enhanced in E. faecalis by co-cultured with C. albicans.
T14858 827388-827399 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T20531 827400-827569 Sentence denotes The interaction of E. faecalis and C. albicans might alter the antibiotic susceptibility of E. faecalis in patients, no matter presenting in biofilm or planktonic forms.
T63761 827570-827599 Sentence denotes A special attention must her.
T42578 827600-827681 Sentence denotes Generally, acute hepatitis caused by LTBI treatment with isoniazid is quite rare.
T96960 827682-827767 Sentence denotes At present, the exact mechanism of Isoniazid related hepatotoxicity is still unclear.
T85881 827768-827903 Sentence denotes It might be related to age, slow acetylation to toxic Hydrazine metabolites, or CYP450 2E1 homozygous wild type (CYP2E1c1/c1 genotype).
T22785 827904-827915 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T97199 827916-828154 Sentence denotes For adverse events of acute hepatitis induced by LTBI treatment with isoniazid, we recommended to trace liver function 1-2 times every week closely, especially those patients whose liver function fail to recover after quitting medication.
T4941 828155-828430 Sentence denotes In conclusion, during the treatment, paying highly attention to the patient's clinical symptoms with closely tracking the biochemical tests of blood, treating the adverse events in time, are all important to ensure the completion of treatment and achieve the purpose of cure.
T66383 828431-828600 Sentence denotes Spatio-temporal analyses on mild and severe influenza illness and their association with air pollution in Taiwan Pin-wei Shih 1 , Ta-Chien Chan 2 , Chwan-Chuen King 3 *.
T30807 828601-828850 Sentence denotes Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU), 2 Research Center for Humanities and Social Science, Academia Sinica, 3 Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, NTU Background:
T71517 828851-828921 Sentence denotes The epidemic of influenza in Taiwan usually varies in different years.
T96354 828922-829147 Sentence denotes For example, in early 2016, the epidemic was so severe that it led to massive crowd in emergency rooms of many teaching hospitals, shortage of human resource in intensive care unit (ICU) and insufficient availability of ECMO.
T18529 829148-829307 Sentence denotes On the other hand, since the exchanges of cross-strait between Taiwan and mainland China becomes more frequent, the diversity of influenza virus has increased.
T59388 829308-829441 Sentence denotes Therefore, we should understand the spatio-temporal distributions of mild and severe cases of influenza and their associated factors.
T58299 829442-829450 Sentence denotes Methods:
T59013 829451-829568 Sentence denotes We use the software, Satscan, to discover the areas that suffer from high incidences of influenza-like illness (ILI).
T86073 829569-829771 Sentence denotes Then we went further to understand the epidemiology of the illness in these areas to figure out the risk factors, such as weather conditions, population density, air pollution, or poultry farms density.
T50720 829772-829897 Sentence denotes Finally, we confirmed the strength of the association between the risk factors and the disease by using the regression model.
T7645 829898-829906 Sentence denotes Results:
T50354 829907-830042 Sentence denotes Air Quality Index (AQI) refers to the impact of daily concentrations of six substances including O 3 , PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO 2 and NO 2 .
T56781 830043-830113 Sentence denotes AQI can imply the degree of effect of the air pollution on our health.
T7507 830114-830280 Sentence denotes It is also well-documented that the respiratory system becomes more sensitive during the period of poor air quality and in addition to the condition of local weather.
T14355 830281-830417 Sentence denotes Such an interaction of weather and air pollution may help us observe that cases of respiratory illness increase after certain time lags.
T78587 830418-830604 Sentence denotes Therefore, the higher incidences of influenza-like illness would occur more frequently in those time periods with poor air quality, and those areas with severe problems of air pollution.
T22767 830605-830616 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T42626 830617-830906 Sentence denotes We hope that the results from this study involving AQI, local weather, and more implications from epidemiology of mild and severe influenza cases altogether can provide an early warning for harm reduction of influenza-like illness and implementing the most appropriate preventive measures.
T1924 830907-831015 Sentence denotes Comparative assessment of guidelines for individuals with a risk of infective endocarditis Takahiko Fukuchi.
T70957 831016-831105 Sentence denotes Division of General Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center Background:
T30921 831106-831189 Sentence denotes Infective endocarditis is a severe disease with high morbidity and mortality rates.
T66415 831190-831346 Sentence denotes Health care providers worldwide should consider means to prevent this disease; however, guidelines related this topic differ among industrialized countries.
T36728 831347-831402 Sentence denotes The author makes close examination of these guidelines.
T32970 831403-831411 Sentence denotes Methods:
T97465 831412-831751 Sentence denotes The guidelines of the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) are the most notable, but do not contain prescription recommendations for prophylactic antibiotics, while the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommends antibiotics for only the highest-risk individuals, and only during dental procedures.
T11389 831752-831939 Sentence denotes The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends antibiotics for the highest-risk individuals during dental, urological, gastroenterological, dermatological, and other invasive procedures.
T26350 831940-832158 Sentence denotes In contrast, the Japanese Society of Cardiology recommends antibiotics for a broader range of individuals including those with lower risk such as during procedures for almost all congenital and valvular heart diseases.
T60349 832159-832385 Sentence denotes In addition, the recommendation in the NICE guideline has been changed slightly because an English population-based study revealed higher incidence of endocarditis after the introduction of an aggressive new guideline in 2008.
T48197 832386-832673 Sentence denotes One reason for the many differences among guidelines might be that no randomized control trial has been conducted on the prophylactic effect of antibiotics for individual at risk of endocarditis; therefore, guideline formulating committees do not do not have access to concrete evidence.
T28956 832674-832821 Sentence denotes In terms of causative pathogens of endocarditis, staphylococcal endocarditis, which is unpreventable by oral amoxicilline, has increased worldwide.
T93915 832822-832955 Sentence denotes Findings from studies in East Asia, including Japan, show that up to one third of endocarditis cases are caused by Streptococcus spp.
T71292 832956-833094 Sentence denotes Moreover, as states in all major guidelines, oral hygiene is more important than dental procedures for preventing Streptococcus infection.
T7873 833095-833103 Sentence denotes Results:
T33619 833104-833267 Sentence denotes A historical cohort study reveals indirect evidence for prevention of endocarditis with amoxicilline, which indicates that the UK guidelines might be insufficient.
T12445 833268-833391 Sentence denotes The Japanese guidelines implemented standard practices driven more by the local political climate than scientific evidence.
T62271 833392-833505 Sentence denotes On the basis of current evidence, neither the AHA nor the ESC guidelines can be considered superior to the other.
T42558 833506-833517 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T60257 833518-833655 Sentence denotes Primary care physicians and dentists should consider prophylaxis against endocarditis during dental procedures as recommended AHA or ESC.
T19481 833656-833755 Sentence denotes Establishing assessment of chemotherapy order templates side effects Hui-Ping Sun, Huang-Pin Liang.
T87545 833756-833793 Sentence denotes Tainan Municipal Hospital Background:
T34507 833794-833897 Sentence denotes The side effect of chemotherapy got worse with doses accumulation over time and length of chemotherapy.
T33875 833898-834143 Sentence denotes Nurse staff played a vital role in maintaining patients' quality of life and effectiveness of treating, preventing or reducing distressing side effects due to chemotherapy and reinforcing knowledge related to chemotherapy and self-care behavior.
T8909 834144-834231 Sentence denotes Currently, staffs often focused on possible side effects of separate chemotherapy drug.
T20724 834232-834368 Sentence denotes However, chemotherapy templates varied from the types of cancer and the side effects depended on the type of chemotherapy being offered.
T53677 834369-834472 Sentence denotes The purpose of the study was to establish assessment form of chemotherapy order templates side effects.
T2120 834473-834481 Sentence denotes Methods:
T15133 834482-834702 Sentence denotes Retrospective chart review was performed to collect six chemotherapy order templates for breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma which were the top three most common cancers at a regional hospital.
T89479 834703-834888 Sentence denotes The side effects regarding every chemotherapy order template were assessed and identified as the common and specific side effects based on literature review of reaction to chemotherapy.
T71766 834889-834897 Sentence denotes Results:
T32013 834898-835059 Sentence denotes Offering information about potential side effects to the treatment before starting chemotherapy could reduce the discomfort and deterioration in quality of life.
T69377 835060-835195 Sentence denotes Furthermore, the process of information-giving not only improved nursing care quality but reinforced strong nurse-patient relationship.
T80690 835196-835207 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T33736 835208-835402 Sentence denotes The chemotherapy side effects in patients are sometimes different from those recorded in literatures so staff can record the chemotherapy side effects on patients through the assessment process.
T7593 835403-835557 Sentence denotes After analyzing the assessment form, the data can be used to establish guideline for education of the common side effects of chemotherapy order templates.
T69619 835558-835692 Sentence denotes Reduce the incidence of needlestick injuries in clinical staff Yi Fang Hsieh 1 , Ya Fang Wang 1 , Wen Chuan Lin 2 , Yong Ching Lau 3 .
T75732 835693-835704 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T22432 835705-836067 Sentence denotes Needlestick injury as long as a second, that is able to change the life of a medical worker, through education to strengthen awareness, reduce the staff due to lack of habit or lack of cognitive use of safety needle, Expect to effectively prevent the injury and blood, body fluids exposure events, training every clinical medical staff to develop a safe culture.
T98770 836068-836252 Sentence denotes Prevalence and risk factors for extended spectrum betalactamase producing Escherichia coli in patients with urinary tract infection Minori Matsumoto, Kazushi Tanaka, Yoshizumi Takechi.
T42877 836253-836264 Sentence denotes Background:
T88850 836265-836457 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in patients with urinary tract infection.
T83115 836458-836466 Sentence denotes Methods:
T72370 836467-836573 Sentence denotes One hundred and four of ESBL producing E. coli were isolated from urine between 2016 April and 2017 March.
T98764 836574-836669 Sentence denotes The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in patients with urinary tract infection was examined.
T69174 836670-836957 Sentence denotes Univariate analyses were performed with gender, age, inpatient status, previous hospitalization, recent history of urinary catheterization, recent exposure to specific antibiotics, and past history of urogenital organ operation as risk factors for the emergence of ESBL-producing E coli.
T67473 836958-837031 Sentence denotes Then, multivariate analysis was performed with all significant variables.
T60516 837032-837040 Sentence denotes Results:
T97348 837041-837317 Sentence denotes In patient with urinary tract infection, the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli to each of the oral antibiotics, Cefcapene Pivoxil, levofloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim was 100%, 84%, and 91%, respectively, and the prevalence of ESBLproducing E. coli was 38.1%.
T945 837318-837329 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T41551 837330-837486 Sentence denotes The overall prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli was 38.1% and the risk appeared to be increased in cases with a previous hospitalization, inpatient status.
T45583 837487-837755 Sentence denotes Incidence and mortality trends of infections among sepsis patients: a nationwide study on 23 million residents Meng-tse Gabriel Lee 1 , Shih-Hao Lee 1 , Yueh-Sheng Chen 2 , Wan-Chien Lee 1 , Shy-Shin Chang 3 , Szu-Ta Chen 4,5,6 , Shyr-Chyr Chen 1 , Chien-Chang Lee 1 .
T46170 837756-837767 Sentence denotes Background:
T853 837768-837900 Sentence denotes Estimation of sepsis source of infections and mortality based on a nationwide database with linkage to death certificate is lacking.
T4506 837901-838031 Sentence denotes We aimed to determine the trends of the source of infections and outcome of sepsis for the entire 23 million Taiwanese population.
T19305 838032-838040 Sentence denotes Methods:
T67911 838041-838212 Sentence denotes Using the entire health insurance claims data from the National Health Informatics Project, we identified patients hospitalized with sepsis and their sources of infection.
T39160 838213-838480 Sentence denotes Sepsis cases were identified using validated ICD-9CM codes conforming to the sepsis-3 definition, and the 30-day all-cause mortality was obtained by linkage to a death certificate. enzyme-containing microcapsules (MC) were tested to remove three the SAs in sediments.
T33195 838481-838489 Sentence denotes Methods:
T56270 838490-838604 Sentence denotes The remaining SAs were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a photodiode-array detector.
T72288 838605-838738 Sentence denotes The extracellular enzymes were extracted from the spent mushroom compost (SMC) of Pleurotus eryngii from a mushroom cultivation farm.
T71522 838739-838807 Sentence denotes The bacterial community were analyzed by next-generation sequencing.
T84761 838808-838816 Sentence denotes Results:
T47867 838817-838885 Sentence denotes Degradation of three SAs was enhanced by adding MC to the sediments.
T85832 838886-838934 Sentence denotes The order of SA degradation was SMX > SDM > SMZ.
T71820 838935-839031 Sentence denotes Different bacterial communities from different sediments exhibited different SA degrading rates.
T37053 839032-839172 Sentence denotes SA-degrading bacterial consortiums increased and adapted during four time re-additions of SAs and could efficiently degrade SAs for 75 days.
T77601 839173-839461 Sentence denotes 13 bacterial genera (Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Aquamicrobium, Arthrobacter, Brevundimonas, Flavobacterium, Methylobacterium, Microbacterium, Oligotropha, Paracoccus, Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus) were major bacterial communities involved in SA degradation in the sediment.
T69170 839462-839473 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T51477 839474-839551 Sentence denotes Microbial degradation is a promising process for SA removal in the sediments.
T30379 839552-839612 Sentence denotes The addition of MC in the sediments enhanced SA degradation.
T90914 839613-839662 Sentence denotes MC could be used for SA removal in the sediments.
T67601 839663-839674 Sentence denotes Chin-Te Lu.
T18725 839675-839789 Sentence denotes Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lo-Tung Poh-Ai Hospital
T92640 839790-839801 Sentence denotes Background:
T83326 839802-839916 Sentence denotes Scrub typhus, a vector-borne zoonosis caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is an important endemic disease in Taiwan.
T11911 839917-840072 Sentence denotes The seasonal occurrence of scrub typhus varies according to the climates in different countries, and the disease occurs more commonly during rainy seasons.
T87855 840073-840159 Sentence denotes Forest clearings, riverbanks, and grassy regions provide optimal conditions for mites.
T23040 840160-840252 Sentence denotes I-lan country is in the northeastern of Taiwan with unique northeast monsoon climate region.
T76644 840253-840477 Sentence denotes By the record of Notifiable Infectious Diseases in one community hospital of I-Lan during the year 2012-2016, 19 confirmed cases, 16 cases (84%) occurs in winter (12 cases in January, 2 case in February, 2 case in December).
T10896 840478-840604 Sentence denotes For the finding of winter type in our hospital, we collect and analysis the cases data of Taiwan area including I-Lan country.
T96643 840605-840613 Sentence denotes Methods:
T86356 840614-840808 Sentence denotes For this study, monthly data of cases number were obtained from the Notifiable Infectious Diseases Statistics System and Infectious Diseases Database at the Taiwanese Center for Disease Control.
T49723 840809-840981 Sentence denotes The scrub typhus is a 4 th grade notifiable disease, blood samples from patients with suspected scrub typhus were collected and sent to the CDC for laboratory confirmation.
T24204 840982-841237 Sentence denotes Confirmed diagnosis for scrub typhus are based on a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction test, or a 4-fold increase in OTspecific immunoglobulin M or immunoglobulin G antibody of paired sera by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay technique.
T22403 841238-841356 Sentence denotes Epidemiological data were obtained from 2001 through 2016 to analysis the difference epidemiology of I-lan and Taiwan.
T675 841357-841365 Sentence denotes Results:
T3138 841366-841460 Sentence denotes During the years between 2001 and 2016, Confirmed cases totaled to 6,424 cases in Taiwan area.
T33548 841461-841621 Sentence denotes Focus in I-Lan County, 121 cases during past 16 years, and 41 cases were found in In aboriginal area (Datong and Suao Township) and 80 cases in plain townships.
T79244 841622-841710 Sentence denotes The average number of cases was about 400-500 per year in recent 5 years of Taiwan area.
T7503 841711-842004 Sentence denotes The data of incident months of the confirmed cases show, scrub typhus cases occurs throughout the entire year with a rapid increase in numbers in April and May and reaches its peak in July in the data of Taiwan area except I-Lan County which reach its peak in December to January of next year.
T9757 842005-842164 Sentence denotes In Taiwan area, most cases occurs in summmer (41.7%) and fall (27.5%), but in I-Lan County most cases occurs in Winter (62.0%) with the peak in January(38.8%).
T20401 842165-842351 Sentence denotes The seasonal variation of scrub typhus cases in I-lan, different from those reported in other area of Taiwan may due to the unique northeast monsoon climate which needed further studies.
T69055 842352-842514 Sentence denotes In comparison with the summer type of other area of Taiwan, our study revealed the unique epidemiologic characteristics winter type scrub typhus in I-Lan country.
T76723 842515-842640 Sentence denotes These findings may provide valuable information in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the disease in the local area.
T51948 842641-842652 Sentence denotes Background:
T84706 842653-842915 Sentence denotes To determine whether intestinal Angiostrongylus cantonensis antigens can induce protective immunity in rats, gut antigens prepared from female adults (FAGP) and somatic antigens prepared from both male (MA) and female (FA) adult worms were used to immunize rats.
T83690 842916-842924 Sentence denotes Methods:
T50590 842925-843108 Sentence denotes Rats were immunized twice with MA, FA, or FAGP antigens and then challenged with 50 third-stage A. cantonensis larvae, and different readouts were used to monitor protective immunity.
T54861 843109-843228 Sentence denotes Additionally, protein profiles of MA, FA, and FAGP extracts were analyzed and characterized by immunodetection methods.
T13415 843229-843237 Sentence denotes Results:
T72503 843238-843410 Sentence denotes A 15% reduction in fifth-stage larvae from brains and a 14% reduction in adult worms from pulmonary arteries were observed in rats immunized with FAGP compared to controls.
T81296 843411-843479 Sentence denotes However, there was a >50% reduction in rats immunized with MA or FA.
T84543 843480-843600 Sentence denotes The lengths of larvae and adults recovered from FAGP-immunized rats were shorter than those recovered from other groups.
T10218 843601-843713 Sentence denotes The number of first-stage larvae recovered from fecal material in FAGP-immunized rats was significantly reduced.
T76030 843714-843778 Sentence denotes Additionally, FAGP induced the highest splenocyte proliferation.
T58220 843779-843850 Sentence denotes Serum IgG titers were not directly correlated with protective immunity.
T44622 843851-843994 Sentence denotes An 84 kDa gut membrane protein was strongly recognized by anti-FAGP antibodies, which may be important in anti-A. cantonensis immune responses.
T52225 843995-844006 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T62659 844007-844154 Sentence denotes We demonstrated that immune responses induced by FAGP reduced the growth, development, and reproduction of A. cantonensis in subsequent infections.
T67973 844155-844408 Sentence denotes While the possibility of using FAGP combining with MA or FA antigens as a multi-function vaccine in immune protection against A. cantonensis needs to be further elucidated, we hope that it provides a novel strategy for this parasite vaccine development.
T66402 844409-844412 Sentence denotes 2).
T49704 844413-844541 Sentence denotes Then, we checked whether they received at least twice measlescontaining vaccine from the record of the infection control office.
T5356 844542-844550 Sentence denotes Results:
T31269 844551-844584 Sentence denotes The number of subjects was 1,084.
T29286 844585-844626 Sentence denotes In test 2, 296 people (27%) were LMI (A).
T55284 844627-844728 Sentence denotes Of them, 165 (15%) fulfilled the criteria in test 1, so it was regarded as secondary vaccine failure.
T29507 844729-844769 Sentence denotes 54 (5%) had two vaccination records (B).
T56028 844770-844861 Sentence denotes There were 26 persons who had both (A) and (B), and the number of vaccine subjects was 270.
T2563 844862-845066 Sentence denotes When the vaccination records were kept in the infection control office, assuming the examination cost was $15 per person and the vaccination cost was $70, the expenses of at least $2,210 could be reduced.
T24988 845067-845078 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T93904 845079-845154 Sentence denotes It is speculated that the measles antibody decreases markedly year by year.
T88161 845155-845282 Sentence denotes In order to take measures against nosocomial infection, HCWs need to accurately manage the vaccination history twice, not once.
T25979 845283-845425 Sentence denotes Managing the vaccination record in the infection control office is more reliable and more economical than the procedure that repeats the test.
T39481 845426-845577 Sentence denotes Neuraminidases NanA, NanB and NanC based vaccine to prevent pneumococcal infection Rajendra-Prasad Janapatla 1 , Mei-Hua Hsu 1 , Cheng-Hsun Chiu 1,2 *.
T49566 845578-845589 Sentence denotes Background:
T22295 845590-845860 Sentence denotes Routine immunization with the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7/PCV10/PCV13) increased the incidence of non-vaccine serotypes in community and clincal isoaltes, this increased the need for developing pneumococcal protein vaccines that have broader serotype coverage.
T50645 845861-845986 Sentence denotes Since neuraminidases are major virulence proteins they are potential targets for both vaccines and small molecule inhibitors.
T20080 845987-846178 Sentence denotes In this study, we explored the possibility of combining the three neuraminidases together as vaccine antigens to devise a universal protein vaccine to prevent systemic pneumococcal infection.
T6208 846179-846187 Sentence denotes Methods:
T32339 846188-846416 Sentence denotes To evaluate the degree of protection of NanA, NanB and NanC protein antigens against S. pneumoniae intravenous challenge, individual or combination of neuraminidases NanA, NanB and NanC (10 μg each) were injected subcutaneously.
T27580 846417-846546 Sentence denotes To confirm the presence of anti-neuraminidase antibodies in the antisera, we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
T83515 846547-846633 Sentence denotes S. pneumoniae cell suspension was used to infect immunized ice by tail vein injection.
T65778 846634-846780 Sentence denotes The antisera against individual neuraminidase (NanA, NanB or NanC) were also tested for their inhibitory effect on the activity of neuraminidases.
T33756 846781-846982 Sentence denotes If a specific antineuraminidase serum neutralizes neuraminidase activity, the exposure of Thomsen-Friedenrich antigen (TA) antigen on RBC cells, and the value of fluorescence intensity will be reduced.
T43070 846983-846991 Sentence denotes Results:
T55082 846992-847190 Sentence denotes We observed high (4-6 logarithm fold) IgG class antibody titres against NanA, NanB, and NanC; this indicates that all the three neuraminidases are immunogenic and ideal as antigens for immunization.
T93256 847191-847316 Sentence denotes We found that the antisera against only full length NanA and NanA-Lectin efficiently inhibited (>90%) neuraminidase activity.
T82113 847317-847427 Sentence denotes However, antisera against lectin domains of NanB and NanC were sufficient to neutralize their enzyme activity.
T9888 847428-847680 Sentence denotes Immunization with combination of NanA, NanB and NanC caused significant increase in survival rates relative to PPV23 vaccine group and negative control, in serotype 3, 6B, 14, 15B, 19A and 23F survival was 60%, 60%, 20%, 60%, 40% and 40%, respectively.
T7568 847681-847692 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T28949 847693-847855 Sentence denotes In future formulations of pneumococcal virulence proteins and adjuvants will be needed to develop serotype independent protection against pneumococcal infections.
T82478 847856-847974 Sentence denotes We recommend the inclusion of three pneumococcal neuraminidases in future protein vaccine formulations to prevent IPD.
T84079 847975-848267 Sentence denotes PS 532 PCV13 serotypes are still important causes of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in Portugal after more than a decade of conjugate vaccine Catarina Silva-Costa 1 , Andreia Horácio 1 , Sandra I Aguiar 1 , Joana P Lopes 1 , Maria J Brito 2 , Mario Ramirez 1 , Jose Melo-Cristino 1 .
T97262 848268-848276 Sentence denotes Results:
T92449 848277-848500 Sentence denotes The number of isolates recovered in each epidemiological year was constant and similar to that of 2011-12, except 2015-16 but this may be due to the fact that we are still receiving isolates from participating laboratories.
T45910 848501-848585 Sentence denotes Overall, 37 different capsular types, as well as non-typable isolates were detected.
T95541 848586-848766 Sentence denotes Although most isolates expressed capsular types included in PCVs, serotypes not included in any PCV formulation accounted for a significant fraction of the isolates (50%, n = 111).
T23793 848767-848877 Sentence denotes Among these, serotypes 10A, 24F, 8, 15B, 12B were the most frequent, represented by at least 10 isolates each.
T31650 848878-849069 Sentence denotes Regarding PCV serotypes, isolates expressing serotype 14 (n = 25), serotype 1 (n = 18), serotypes 3 (n = 14) serotype 7F (n = 13), 6B (n = 12) and 19A (n = 10) were the most frequently found.
T19250 849070-849131 Sentence denotes Overall, 23% of the isolates were penicillin non-susceptible.
T99754 849132-849317 Sentence denotes Resistance to erythromycin was expressed by 22% of the isolates and simultaneous expression of erythromycin resistance and penicillin nonsusceptibility was found in 14% of the isolates.
T53872 849318-849427 Sentence denotes Conclusion: PCV13 serotypes are still expressed by a considerable proportion of isolates responsible for IPD.
T78962 849428-849539 Sentence denotes The data presented here emphasizes the potential role of PCV13 in the NIP in further diminishing pediatric IPD.
T8756 849540-849562 Sentence denotes vaccination programme.
T93322 849563-849668 Sentence denotes We have previously described our methodology 1 and aim to present results of surveillance data from 2016.
T27952 849669-849677 Sentence denotes Methods:
T50158 849678-849988 Sentence denotes All paediatric cases of febrile convulsions, Encephalitis/ Meningitis/Encephalopathy, Kawasaki Disease, thrombocytopenia, lymphadenitis, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, intussusception admitted to KKH from January-December 2016 were prospectively screened and evaluated for any possible associations with vaccination.
T77352 849989-850095 Sentence denotes Clinical charts were reviewed and vaccination histories extracted from the National Immunisation Registry.
T50289 850096-850306 Sentence denotes A standardised criteria, in accordance with the World Health Organization Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) definitions was used to identify cases with higher probability of being associated with vaccination.
T95791 850307-850481 Sentence denotes The criteria included duration between disease onset and date of prior vaccination as well as excluded cases with alternative diagnosis based on laboratory infective screens.
T97374 850482-850549 Sentence denotes All event rates were generated based on per 1000 patients admitted.
T16563 850550-850558 Sentence denotes Results:
T38928 850559-850702 Sentence denotes In 2016, there were 6.38 possible vaccine-related monitored events per 1,000 admitted patients, compared with 6.803 per 1,000 patients in 2015.
T66221 850703-850821 Sentence denotes There was an increase in the rate of Meningitis from 0.07 per 1000 patients in 2015 to 0.50 per 1000 patients in 2016.
T24888 850822-850946 Sentence denotes The rates for febrile convulsions, Kawasaki Disease, thrombocytopenia and lymphadenitis were lower in 2016 compared to 2015.
T31783 850947-851028 Sentence denotes There were no cases of GBS detected that were associated with recent vaccination.
T21490 851029-851116 Sentence denotes Two cases of intussusception following Rotavirus vaccination (Rotarix) were identified.
T30596 851117-851215 Sentence denotes One case occurred 12 days after receipt of dose 2 and the second, 10 days after receipt of dose 1.
T7030 851216-851392 Sentence denotes The findings of the HK-INSPIRE active childhood vaccine safety surveillance in KKH, 2016 provides reassurance on the safety of the childhood vaccination programme in Singapore.
T45471 851393-851466 Sentence denotes No significant safety concerns were detected for most events of interest.
T80150 851467-851578 Sentence denotes An increase in risk of intussusception after receipt of rotavirus vaccination is known to be about 1 in 40,000.
T66162 851579-851762 Sentence denotes Preliminary analysis of the meningitis safety signal suggested that it may be attributable to a wider total increase in aseptic meningitis admissions and unlikely related to vaccines.
T19464 851763-851980 Sentence denotes Prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions in HIV-infected adult on antiretroviral drugs at Faculty of medicine Vajira hospital, Navamindhradhiraj university Kittisak Pholtawornkulchai 1 *, Sirote Luengsupabul 2 .
T58221 851981-851992 Sentence denotes Background:
T86817 851993-852074 Sentence denotes Presentation with multiple tumor is rare and differential diagnosis is important.
T32122 852075-852181 Sentence denotes A young man presented with multiple tumors was admitted and the tumor biopsy revealed smooth muscle tumor.
T80477 852182-852190 Sentence denotes Methods:
T96615 852191-852244 Sentence denotes A case report and review of literature was performed.
T43156 852245-852329 Sentence denotes Results: EBV infection is associated with many tumors and regarded as a tumor virus.
T29709 852330-852437 Sentence denotes With increasing number of patients with HIV infection, the incidence of smooth muscle tumors is increasing.
T11205 852438-852598 Sentence denotes Such patients may present with variable aggressiveness and clinical outcomes and may exhibit a more favorable prognosis compared to conventional leiomyosarcoma.
T26067 852599-852610 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T42475 852611-852720 Sentence denotes As medicine advances, the presence of multiple smooth muscle tumors in HIV-infected patients should be alert.
T93940 852721-852818 Sentence denotes Vigilance and familiarity with distinctive tumor presentations can contribute to early diagnosis.
T21770 852819-853009 Sentence denotes Aminoacid polymorphism in Gag p6 domain alters Galectin-3 promoting effects on viral replication and budding of HIV-1 CRF07_BC isolates from injecting drug users (IDUs) in Taiwan Background:
T43191 853010-853322 Sentence denotes Bell's plasy is an acute peripheral facial nerve affection.Severe pain suggests herpes simplex or zoster infection and may precede a vesicular eruption or/and progression to Ramsey -Hunt syndrome.In half of the herpes zoster infections,vesiculationnot necessarily appears or may be delayed (zoster sine herpete).
T48743 853323-853449 Sentence denotes New evidence (detected viruses with PCR within the facial nerve) implies that Bell's palsy is caused by latent herpes viruses.
T55718 853450-853458 Sentence denotes Methods:
T77220 853459-853541 Sentence denotes We clinically evaluated 10 patient, 17-65 years old, withpheripheral facial palsy.
T58485 853542-853683 Sentence denotes The patients are clinically assessed for the severity of facial nerve damage and scored with the House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system.
T15369 853684-853883 Sentence denotes They were sreen with routine blood test,thyroid hormone evaluation,serology for herpes Zoster and Borreliaburgdoferi; MRI of the head with gandolinium; was requested to have nerve conduction studies.
T95523 853884-853892 Sentence denotes Results:
T74740 853893-854037 Sentence denotes 6 patient were female, 4 male, 5 patient are scored with grade II, 3 with grade III, 1with grade I and 1 with grade IV at House -Brackmannscale.
T43288 854038-854083 Sentence denotes Six patients were positive for herpes Zoster.
T29490 854084-854120 Sentence denotes None of them had vesicular eruption.
T1020 854121-854260 Sentence denotes In eight patient was normal MRI, in two of them,internal acoustic meatalsegment of the facial nerve was enhanced only on the affected side.
T62612 854261-854588 Sentence denotes At the conduction studies four had demyelination of the nerve, two severe axonal damage(with Zoster positive antibodies and have eanhancment at the internal acoustic meatal segment of the facial nerve in the affected side) Patients with Yosterpositive and Zoster negative were treated with corticosteroid and antiviral therapy.
T28372 854589-854726 Sentence denotes In five patient with facial nerve damage was totally recovered, in two significant improvement, three of them remainwith severe sequelae.
T51158 854727-854892 Sentence denotes The recuperation was greaterat the patient that was used corticosteroids and antiviral therapy (acyclovir, valacyclovir)even in them with Zoster negative antibodies.
T38318 854893-855045 Sentence denotes The patient with severe sequelae were from the group with Zoster ntibodies,with enhancement in the MRI and with axonal damage at the conduction studies.
T54352 855046-855057 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T97184 855058-855131 Sentence denotes New evidences ipliestha Bell's palsy isa caused by latent herpes viruses.
T86157 855132-855293 Sentence denotes Considering zoster even without eruption and start antiviral therapy, is important sinceit is thought to be the cause of Bell's palsy in quite a number of cases.
T49893 855294-855392 Sentence denotes Although the number of cases at this study are small to have significant statistically conclusion.
T93870 855393-855404 Sentence denotes Background:
T13154 855405-855496 Sentence denotes Several new direct antiviral agents (DAAs) against the HCV virus are approved and marketed.
T59247 855497-855628 Sentence denotes The combination of DAA with SOC ( pegylated interferon and ribavirin) is only recommended to patients with tolerance to interferon.
T97053 855629-855786 Sentence denotes Therefore several IFN-free treatments are now considered, including NS3/4A protease inhibitors, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors, and NS5A inhibitors.
T72788 855787-855962 Sentence denotes TG-2349 is a novel protease inhibitor of the acylsulfonamide class, and is orally active with significant plasma and liver exposures from an once-a-day dosing regimen for CHC.
T65203 855963-855990 Sentence denotes DAG181 is a NS5A inhibitor.
T84629 855991-856036 Sentence denotes It has superior potency in cell-based assays.
T6650 856037-856145 Sentence denotes This in vitro study examined the potential of combining TG-2349 with DAG181 to reduce HCV replicon colonies.
T24654 856146-856154 Sentence denotes Methods:
T15093 856155-856333 Sentence denotes Cells containing a genotype 1a or 1b sub-genomic replicon carrying the neo gene were plated in 6-well plates and treated with either one or two compounds at 1, 10 or 20 x EC 50 .
T21294 856334-856413 Sentence denotes Culture medium was changed twice a week and cells were split at 95% confluence.
T69409 856414-856422 Sentence denotes Results:
T22788 856423-856547 Sentence denotes On HCV 1a H/SG-neo replicon, the number of colonies reduced dramatically to below 110 when TG-2349 was combined with DAG181.
T20830 856548-856680 Sentence denotes Numbers of 109 ± 1, 6 ± 5, and 2 ± 3 were found for TG-2349 at 1.5, 15, and 30 nM, respectively, when combined with DAG181 at 74 pM.
T49834 856681-856836 Sentence denotes With 150 pM of DAG181 included, the number of colonies further reduced to 65 ± 43, 1 ± 1, and 1 ± 1 for TG-2349 levels of 1.5, 15, and 30 nM, respectively.
T59480 856837-856993 Sentence denotes Another replicon, HCV 1b PI-Luc/neo-ET, with a more dramatic reduction of colony count was observed when the combination of TG-2349 and DAG181 were applied.
T46740 856994-857102 Sentence denotes Numbers of 2 ± 2, 0, and 0 were found for TG-2349 at 1.5, 15, and 30 nM, respectively, with 74 pM of DAG181.
T86678 857103-857235 Sentence denotes Addition of DAG181 at 150 pM resulted in cell colony numbers of 1 ± 1, 1 ± 1, and 0 for TG-2349 at 1.5, 15, and 30 nM, respectively.
T16832 857236-857247 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T42631 857248-857379 Sentence denotes No antagonistic effect on the number of resistance colonies was observed when combinations of TG-2349 and DAG181 were investigated.
T77130 857380-857491 Sentence denotes Significant reduction of the number of resistance colonies were observed when TG-2349 was combined with DAG181.
T92075 857492-857621 Sentence denotes These studies indicated that the combination of TG-2349 and DAG181 has at least an additive, if not synergistic antiviral effect.
T57793 857622-857816 Sentence denotes Novel lytic bacteriophage YMC16/01/N133_KPN_BP targeting Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Jongsoo Jeon 1 *, Yong-Joon Cho 2 , Dongeun Yong 1 , Kyungwon Lee 1 .
T39211 857817-857828 Sentence denotes Background:
T80162 857829-857950 Sentence denotes Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC) are an important mechanism of carbapenem resistance of Gram-negative bacteria.
T60496 857951-858112 Sentence denotes Lately, KPC-producing bacteria are rapidly increasing in clinical settings and their high drug-resistance is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
T3767 858113-858228 Sentence denotes Especially, KPC-producing K. pneumoniae has been spread rapidly worldwide and it becomes a major hospital pathogen.
T69015 858229-858373 Sentence denotes Herein, we characterized the novel Klebsiella phage Βφ-N133 (YMC16/01/N133_KPN_BP), which can lyse KPC-producing K. pneumoniae clinical strains.
T68062 858374-858526 Sentence denotes Methods: K. pneumoniae lytic phages were isolated by using the agar double-layered method from sewage samples from a university hospital in South Korea.
T15394 858527-858621 Sentence denotes Their host ranges were determined by the spot test with 58 KPC-K. pneumoniae clinical strains.
T65738 858622-858695 Sentence denotes Whole genome sequencing was performed using the Illumina Miseq sequencer.
T7830 858696-858867 Sentence denotes The isolated phage was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, one-step growth curve, adsorption rate, thermal/pH stability analysis, and bacterial lysis assay.
T51897 858868-858876 Sentence denotes Results:
T72085 858877-859009 Sentence denotes A novel Klebsiella bacteriophage Βφ-N133 belonging to the family Siphoviridae with an isometric head and a long noncontractile tail.
T69322 859010-859108 Sentence denotes It showed a very broad host range lysing clinical KPC-K. pneumoniae strains of 42 out of 58 (72%).
T18008 859109-859310 Sentence denotes Whole genome analysis of Βφ-N133 exhibited double-stranded DNA with 53,443 bp, a G + C content of 59.3% and 75 putative open reading frames, and known toxin-related genes were not identified in silico.
T3481 859311-859506 Sentence denotes Moreover, bioinformatics analysis results revealed that the whole genome of phage Βφ-N133 is a novel genome that has no BlastN matchs with any other Klebsiella phage genomes in the NCBI database.
T61663 859507-859682 Sentence denotes One-step growth and adsorption curve showed the latent period of 60 min, the burst size of 17 plaque forming units/infected cell and adsorption rate of over 89% within 10 min.
T53838 859683-859826 Sentence denotes The strain showed the broad pH stability in the pH range 5-10 from 1 day up to 4 days, with the high thermal stability observed at 40 and 50°C.
T383 859827-859922 Sentence denotes Bacterial growth was strongly inhibited by Βφ-N133 at multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 10.
T83041 859923-859934 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T50341 859935-860040 Sentence denotes A novel Klebsiella phage Βφ-N133 was isolated and characterized using clinical KPC-K. pneumoniae strains.
T35969 860041-860194 Sentence denotes These results showed that Βφ-N133 can facilitate development of alternative antibacterial agents to treat infectious diseases caused by KPC-K. pneumonia.
T40945 860195-860270 Sentence denotes In vivo safety and efficacy of Βφ-N133 will be examined in further studies.
T81160 860271-860282 Sentence denotes Background:
T36361 860283-860382 Sentence denotes Most people infected with Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) remain asymptomatic carriers.
T24546 860383-860422 Sentence denotes Its prevalence in Taiwan was only 0.5%.
T3244 860423-860497 Sentence denotes We present a case of HTLV-1 related adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL).
T36093 860498-860506 Sentence denotes Methods:
T15340 860507-860547 Sentence denotes Patient was a 58-year-old retired nurse.
T84067 860548-860665 Sentence denotes She suffered needlestick injuries over 20 years, and her blood was rejected for donation at a blood bank 4 years ago.
T53762 860666-860756 Sentence denotes She received a report from blood bank, and someone interpreted it as having HIV infection.
T88400 860757-860795 Sentence denotes But HIV infection was never confirmed.
T7510 860796-860875 Sentence denotes Three weeks ago she had intermittent fevers, night sweats, and general malaise.
T15985 860876-861001 Sentence denotes She then developed general lymphadenopathy over bilateral neck, axillary, and inguinal regions three days prior to admission.
T21737 861002-861085 Sentence denotes Acute retroviral syndrome was suspected but HIV EIA and Western blot were negative.
T19698 861086-861094 Sentence denotes Results:
T39560 861095-861171 Sentence denotes Laboratory testing revealed mild leukocytosis, 9% atypical lymphocytes, CD4:
T55539 861172-861179 Sentence denotes 824/μL.
T35027 861180-861689 Sentence denotes Chlamydia IgM was positive, strategies was applied as follows: to use QR code to convenient online education course, regular monitoring of the standard procedures, to use red alarm marker at the level of 1000ml on the Foley bag, regular audit for correct Foley catheter insertion, in-hospital broadcasting of proper hand washing, to setup procedure to remind the attending doctor by nurses orally, to show the days of Foley catheter insertion on computer, and to use special trolley for Foley catheterization.
T11314 861690-861886 Sentence denotes Evaluation of the effectiveness includes monthly audit of the correct rate of the Foley catheter insertion and daily care by nursing staffs, and the test for the knowledge about CAUTI bundle care.
T50712 861887-861895 Sentence denotes Results:
T36556 861896-862015 Sentence denotes Before conducting the CAUTI bundle care in our hospital, CAUTI rate was 1.4‰ (2/1426 person-day) in March to June 2016.
T43379 862016-862116 Sentence denotes After this plan, CAUTI rate during the same period in 2017 was reduced to 0.73‰ (1/1364 person-day).
T45531 862117-862223 Sentence denotes Knowledge measurement of CAUTI bundle care increased from 87.4% to 96.4% after the strategies (Figure 1 ).
T88446 862224-862358 Sentence denotes Correct rate of the Foley catheterization and daily care were changed from 84.5% and 86% to 99.4% and 100%, respectively ( Figure 2 ).
T26943 862359-862370 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T89763 862371-862569 Sentence denotes During the initial period of CAUTI-Bundle Care plan, our nursing staffs thought that it was not necessary to perform this plan due to the manpower shortage and the limited resources at our hospital.
T1885 862570-862655 Sentence denotes In addition, there was lower CAUTI rate of our hospital compared to other local ones.
T46954 862656-862829 Sentence denotes After understanding the upgraded evidence of practice guidelines of prevention and maintenance of Foley catheter, they later realized and accepted the promotion of the plan.
T86199 862830-862961 Sentence denotes After the systemic strategies, correct execution rate by nursing staff can achieve 100% and CAUTI rate can further reduce by 0.67‰.
T67241 862962-863099 Sentence denotes Our study showed that CAUTI Bundle Care plan can be executed correctly by a series of promoting strategies and further reduce CAUTI rate.
T90263 863100-863185 Sentence denotes In future, we expect this CAUTI Bundle Care to be a part of our regular medical care.
T5635 863186-863236 Sentence denotes By computer assist, the workload could be reduced.
T51788 863237-863388 Sentence denotes Finally the CAUTI Bundle Care will be promoted to other medical branches in our health system to promote nursing care quality and to reduce CAUTI rate.
T52351 863389-863569 Sentence denotes Promotion of ventilator-associated pneumonia bundle care implementation rate Yu-Ling Huang 1,2 , Pei-Jung Chuang 3 , Hsiao-Wei Wang 1,2 , Ming-Tzer Lin 1,2 , Chuang-Cheng Hsiao 4 .
T77914 863570-863692 Sentence denotes 1 Respiratory care ward, 2 Respiratory care center, 3 Chief president, Hsiao Chung-Cheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
T463 863693-863704 Sentence denotes Background:
T35069 863705-863869 Sentence denotes Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prolongs duration of ventilator usage and length of hospital stay and may even result in mortality of critically ill patients.
T15218 863870-863912 Sentence denotes So prevention of VAP is up most important.
T52057 863913-864146 Sentence denotes Our hospital as a local community hospital began to take part in VAP bundle care plan since 22 nd March 2017, including total 32 beds (Intensive Care Unit (ICU) 2 beds, Respiratory Care Centre (RCC) 10 beds and general ward 20 beds).
T52551 864147-864431 Sentence denotes By the bundle care team setup and cross-functional teamwork, the purpose of this plan is to promote implementation rate of bundle care in health care workers, which would further reduce VAP rate to protect the patient safety, improves the care quality, and lowers the healthcare cost.
T36184 864432-864440 Sentence denotes Methods:
T24540 864441-864554 Sentence denotes This plan has been initiated in a local community hospital since March to June 2017 according to practical steps.
T95591 864555-864724 Sentence denotes Poster propaganda and education training with pre-and post-test about ability was done to promote perception and implementation of VAP bundle care in health care staffs.
T85944 864725-864806 Sentence denotes Implementation rate was evaluated by the weekly field audit after the plan began.
T26282 864807-864929 Sentence denotes Audit was done from randomly selected samples in each unit (2 patients from ICU and 5 patients from RCC and general ward).
T33341 864930-864938 Sentence denotes Results:
T80112 864939-865041 Sentence denotes Before execution of VAP bundle care, VAP rate during March to June 2016 was 0.86‰ (3/3480 person day).
T79204 865042-865145 Sentence denotes After the plan, the VAP rate was 1.49‰ (5/3365 person day) during the same period of 2017 ( Figure 1 ).
T37869 865146-865345 Sentence denotes Implementation rate can achieve to 100% in each unit within seven weeks after application of the plan ( Figure 2 ) (six weeks, five weeks and four weeks for general ward, RCC, and ICU, respectively).
T80124 865346-865357 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T48150 865358-865482 Sentence denotes Based on the psychological theory, a habitual behavior would be acquired through repetition of the action or the experience.
T56716 865483-865659 Sentence denotes At the beginning of the implementation, it took much time to remind and educate the staffs because they did not form a habit to carry out the bundle care in daily practice yet.
T88958 865660-865769 Sentence denotes After the establishment of the habit, the implementation rate can achieve to 100% within five to seven weeks.
T58863 865770-865889 Sentence denotes Different duration to achieve maximized implementation rate could be related to the different bed numbers of each unit.
T89101 865890-865977 Sentence denotes The less the bed numbers, the shorter the duration to achieve 100% implementation rate.
T54826 865978-866214 Sentence denotes VAP rate did not change much after the application of this plan .The possible explanation for this is that the VAP rate was already low in our hospital before, and that there is not enough time to observe evident change of the VAP rate.
T92473 866215-866366 Sentence denotes Our study showed that, the implementation rate can achieved 100% within seven weeks as a result of systematic propaganda, staff education and training.
T84140 866367-866453 Sentence denotes The bed numbers was the possible issue in the achievement of 100% implementation rate.
T36342 866454-866539 Sentence denotes Future research with longer duration is needed to observe the change of the VAP rate.
T40449 866540-866707 Sentence denotes Impact of the bundle care model on ventilator associated pneumonia in medical intensive care unit Shu-Chien Liang 1 *, Yu-Mei Ho 2 , Wen-Yin Huang 3 , Wen-Chen Yao 3 .
T21680 866708-866751 Sentence denotes Intensive care unit, 2 Infection Control, 3
T85017 866753-866764 Sentence denotes Background:
T10233 866765-867040 Sentence denotes Due to the progress of thoracic medicine and medical instrument technology, improve the survival rate of patients with respiratory failure, but increase the ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), VAP is the most frequent nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit (ICU).
T78950 867041-867100 Sentence denotes Some studies have even found mortality attributable to VAP.
T43171 867101-867198 Sentence denotes Statistics of the ICU of a regional teaching hospital in 2015, the average VAP rates were 0.94 ‰.
T32906 867199-867399 Sentence denotes In order to avoid infection and death of patients, it is recommended that early weaning ventilator and involve the reduction of VAP in hospitalization and the proper management of the patients safety.
T9054 867400-867408 Sentence denotes Methods:
T22700 867409-867550 Sentence denotes Through the database literature verification and team decision-making, in 2016 from January to December intervention prevent VAP bundle care.
T31230 867551-868099 Sentence denotes Intervention projects include education and training, DOPS technical learning activities and improvement of bed equipment, and enhanced 5 combined care modes, including twice daily 0.12% CHG oral care, daily discussion of early removal of endo, patients continuous intravenous sedation with a daily wake-up trial, in which the infusion of sedatives was discontinued, and Level of arousal will be assessed using the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS), head of bed elevation to 30 degrees, and water in the ventilator tubing can be emptied.
T6066 868100-868213 Sentence denotes In addition, designed a bundle care nursing information system to enhanceis learning and provide prevention tips.
T43524 868214-868315 Sentence denotes The study results revealed that the patients in the experimental group significantly reduced the VAP.
T97858 868316-868459 Sentence denotes The average rates of VAP were 0.94 ‰ (n = 1061) in 2015, post VAP bundle care, the average VAP rate was zero tolerance (0 ‰, n = 1191) in 2016.
T30017 868460-868693 Sentence denotes The rate of staff confidence in VAP care knowledge and compliance with ventilator care bundle practices were significantly increased, from 25% and 33.3% in the pre-intervention stage to 83.3% and 91.6% in the post-intervention stage.
T43263 868694-868771 Sentence denotes The accuracy rate of RASS sedation evaluation was increased from 0% to 82.6%.
T67882 868772-868882 Sentence denotes Moreover, the sedation patients reached the RASS clinical recommendation level ratio increased from 9% to 87%.
T25050 868883-868967 Sentence denotes Not only reduce iatrogenic injury, but also enhance the use of sedative safety care.
T8632 868968-869037 Sentence denotes Continued tracking to July 2017, VAP density is still zero tolerance.
T88519 869038-869049 Sentence denotes Conclusion:
T63827 869050-869437 Sentence denotes Through the team resource management, the establishment of VAP bundle care, and design of nursing information system, include slogans tips, so that be able to provide the prompts and operation to ensure that the correctness of the clinical care process and monitoring mechanisms to enhance care accuracy rate, achieving the goal of "zero tolerance" of VAP, to enhance the patient safety.
T94664 869438-870003 Sentence denotes In vitro analysis of activities of antimicrobial agents against clinical common organisms causing bloodstream infections, hospital-acquired pneumonia and intra-abdominal infections from twelve teaching hospitals in China: results from the Chinese antimicrobial resistance surveillance of nosocomial infections (CARES) program Henan Li 1 , Chunjiang Zhao 1 , Qi Wang 1 , Ji Zeng 2 # , Yan Jin 3 # , Zhidong Hu 4 # , Kang Liao 5 # , Yanping Luo 6 # , Chao Zhuo 7 # , Rong Zhang 8 # , Xiuli Xu 9 # , Wenen Liu 10 # , Yingmei Liu 11 # , Yunzhuo Chu 12 # , Hui Wang 1 *.
T39120 870004-870040 Sentence denotes 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory,