CORD-19:552539784ecd39d1e2344cfc4fd2e13b81140d54 JSONTXT 11 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
TextSentencer_T1 0-117 Sentence denotes Rapid changes in shape and number of MHC class II expressing cells in rat airways after Mycoplasma pulmonis infection
TextSentencer_T1 0-117 Sentence denotes Rapid changes in shape and number of MHC class II expressing cells in rat airways after Mycoplasma pulmonis infection
TextSentencer_T1 0-117 Sentence denotes Rapid changes in shape and number of MHC class II expressing cells in rat airways after Mycoplasma pulmonis infection
TextSentencer_T2 119-127 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T2 119-127 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T2 119-127 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T3 128-300 Sentence denotes Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in rodents causes a chronic inflammatory airway disease with a strong immunological component, leading to mucosal remodeling and angiogenesis.
TextSentencer_T3 128-300 Sentence denotes Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in rodents causes a chronic inflammatory airway disease with a strong immunological component, leading to mucosal remodeling and angiogenesis.
TextSentencer_T3 128-300 Sentence denotes Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in rodents causes a chronic inflammatory airway disease with a strong immunological component, leading to mucosal remodeling and angiogenesis.
TextSentencer_T4 301-507 Sentence denotes We sought to determine the effect of this infection on the shape and number of dendritic cells and other major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expressing cells in the airway mucosa of Wistar rats.
TextSentencer_T4 301-507 Sentence denotes We sought to determine the effect of this infection on the shape and number of dendritic cells and other major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expressing cells in the airway mucosa of Wistar rats.
TextSentencer_T4 301-507 Sentence denotes We sought to determine the effect of this infection on the shape and number of dendritic cells and other major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expressing cells in the airway mucosa of Wistar rats.
TextSentencer_T5 508-680 Sentence denotes Changes in the shape of subepithelial OX6 (anti-MHC class II)-immunoreactive cells were evident in the tracheal mucosa 2 days after intranasal inoculation with M. pulmonis.
TextSentencer_T5 508-680 Sentence denotes Changes in the shape of subepithelial OX6 (anti-MHC class II)-immunoreactive cells were evident in the tracheal mucosa 2 days after intranasal inoculation with M. pulmonis.
TextSentencer_T5 508-680 Sentence denotes Changes in the shape of subepithelial OX6 (anti-MHC class II)-immunoreactive cells were evident in the tracheal mucosa 2 days after intranasal inoculation with M. pulmonis.
TextSentencer_T6 681-799 Sentence denotes By 1 week, the shape of the cells had changed from stellate to rounded (mean shape index increased from 0.42 to 0.77).
TextSentencer_T6 681-799 Sentence denotes By 1 week, the shape of the cells had changed from stellate to rounded (mean shape index increased from 0.42 to 0.77).
TextSentencer_T6 681-799 Sentence denotes By 1 week, the shape of the cells had changed from stellate to rounded (mean shape index increased from 0.42 to 0.77).
TextSentencer_T7 800-887 Sentence denotes The number of OX6-positive cells was increased 6-fold at 1 week and 16-fold at 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T7 800-887 Sentence denotes The number of OX6-positive cells was increased 6-fold at 1 week and 16-fold at 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T7 800-887 Sentence denotes The number of OX6-positive cells was increased 6-fold at 1 week and 16-fold at 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T8 888-1017 Sentence denotes Coincident with these changes, many columnar epithelial cells developed OX6 immunoreactivity, which was still present at 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T8 888-1017 Sentence denotes Coincident with these changes, many columnar epithelial cells developed OX6 immunoreactivity, which was still present at 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T8 888-1017 Sentence denotes Coincident with these changes, many columnar epithelial cells developed OX6 immunoreactivity, which was still present at 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T9 1018-1416 Sentence denotes We conclude that M. pulmonis infection creates a potent immunologic stimulus that augments and transforms the OX6-immunoreactive cell population in the airways by changing the functional state of airway dendritic cells, initiating an influx of MHC class II expressing cells, and activating expression of MHC class II molecules by airway epithelial cells. Ó 2003 Published by Elsevier Science (USA).
TextSentencer_T9 1018-1416 Sentence denotes We conclude that M. pulmonis infection creates a potent immunologic stimulus that augments and transforms the OX6-immunoreactive cell population in the airways by changing the functional state of airway dendritic cells, initiating an influx of MHC class II expressing cells, and activating expression of MHC class II molecules by airway epithelial cells. Ó 2003 Published by Elsevier Science (USA).
TextSentencer_T9 1018-1416 Sentence denotes We conclude that M. pulmonis infection creates a potent immunologic stimulus that augments and transforms the OX6-immunoreactive cell population in the airways by changing the functional state of airway dendritic cells, initiating an influx of MHC class II expressing cells, and activating expression of MHC class II molecules by airway epithelial cells. Ó 2003 Published by Elsevier Science (USA).
TextSentencer_T10 1418-1618 Sentence denotes Antigen presentation by cells expressing major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) molecules on their surface is an important step in the initiation of the primary immune response [1] .
TextSentencer_T10 1418-1618 Sentence denotes Antigen presentation by cells expressing major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) molecules on their surface is an important step in the initiation of the primary immune response [1] .
TextSentencer_T10 1418-1618 Sentence denotes Antigen presentation by cells expressing major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) molecules on their surface is an important step in the initiation of the primary immune response [1] .
TextSentencer_T11 1619-1716 Sentence denotes Dendritic cells (DC) are the principal MHC class II expressing cells in the normal airway mucosa.
TextSentencer_T11 1619-1716 Sentence denotes Dendritic cells (DC) are the principal MHC class II expressing cells in the normal airway mucosa.
TextSentencer_T11 1619-1716 Sentence denotes Dendritic cells (DC) are the principal MHC class II expressing cells in the normal airway mucosa.
TextSentencer_T12 1717-1881 Sentence denotes These cells play a major role in the processing of inhaled antigens and may participate in the pathogenesis of infectious and allergic airway diseases [2] [3] [4] .
TextSentencer_T12 1717-1881 Sentence denotes These cells play a major role in the processing of inhaled antigens and may participate in the pathogenesis of infectious and allergic airway diseases [2] [3] [4] .
TextSentencer_T12 1717-1881 Sentence denotes These cells play a major role in the processing of inhaled antigens and may participate in the pathogenesis of infectious and allergic airway diseases [2] [3] [4] .
TextSentencer_T13 1882-1945 Sentence denotes During steady-state conditions, DC turnover every 36-48 h [5] .
TextSentencer_T13 1882-1945 Sentence denotes During steady-state conditions, DC turnover every 36-48 h [5] .
TextSentencer_T13 1882-1945 Sentence denotes During steady-state conditions, DC turnover every 36-48 h [5] .
TextSentencer_T14 1946-2045 Sentence denotes However, the DC network rapidly expands after exposure to a variety of pathogens and antigens [6] .
TextSentencer_T14 1946-2045 Sentence denotes However, the DC network rapidly expands after exposure to a variety of pathogens and antigens [6] .
TextSentencer_T14 1946-2045 Sentence denotes However, the DC network rapidly expands after exposure to a variety of pathogens and antigens [6] .
TextSentencer_T15 2046-2214 Sentence denotes For example, exposure to aerosolized heat-inactivated Moraxella catarrhalis causes DC influx into the airways which peaks within 3 h and remains elevated for 48 h [5] .
TextSentencer_T15 2046-2214 Sentence denotes For example, exposure to aerosolized heat-inactivated Moraxella catarrhalis causes DC influx into the airways which peaks within 3 h and remains elevated for 48 h [5] .
TextSentencer_T15 2046-2214 Sentence denotes For example, exposure to aerosolized heat-inactivated Moraxella catarrhalis causes DC influx into the airways which peaks within 3 h and remains elevated for 48 h [5] .
TextSentencer_T16 2215-2351 Sentence denotes Inoculation of viable Bordatella pertussis results in DC recruitment with similar kinetics but with a maximal cell density at 24 h [7] .
TextSentencer_T16 2215-2351 Sentence denotes Inoculation of viable Bordatella pertussis results in DC recruitment with similar kinetics but with a maximal cell density at 24 h [7] .
TextSentencer_T16 2215-2351 Sentence denotes Inoculation of viable Bordatella pertussis results in DC recruitment with similar kinetics but with a maximal cell density at 24 h [7] .
TextSentencer_T17 2352-2506 Sentence denotes Even at the peak of the inflammatory response, DC are the principal MHC class II expressing cells-greatly outnumbering macrophages and B lymphocytes [7] .
TextSentencer_T17 2352-2506 Sentence denotes Even at the peak of the inflammatory response, DC are the principal MHC class II expressing cells-greatly outnumbering macrophages and B lymphocytes [7] .
TextSentencer_T17 2352-2506 Sentence denotes Even at the peak of the inflammatory response, DC are the principal MHC class II expressing cells-greatly outnumbering macrophages and B lymphocytes [7] .
TextSentencer_T18 2507-2623 Sentence denotes Such stimuli can also evoke transient expression of MHC class II molecules by airway epithelial cells [8] [9] [10] .
TextSentencer_T18 2507-2623 Sentence denotes Such stimuli can also evoke transient expression of MHC class II molecules by airway epithelial cells [8] [9] [10] .
TextSentencer_T18 2507-2623 Sentence denotes Such stimuli can also evoke transient expression of MHC class II molecules by airway epithelial cells [8] [9] [10] .
TextSentencer_T19 2624-2819 Sentence denotes Less is known about the involvement of DC and other MHC class II expressing cells in chronic inflammatory airway disease, in part because most disease models have focused on transient conditions.
TextSentencer_T19 2624-2819 Sentence denotes Less is known about the involvement of DC and other MHC class II expressing cells in chronic inflammatory airway disease, in part because most disease models have focused on transient conditions.
TextSentencer_T19 2624-2819 Sentence denotes Less is known about the involvement of DC and other MHC class II expressing cells in chronic inflammatory airway disease, in part because most disease models have focused on transient conditions.
TextSentencer_T20 2820-3022 Sentence denotes The longlasting consequences of Mycoplasma pulmonis infection make it useful for studying changes in chronic disease Cellular Immunology 220 (2002) 107-115 www.elsevier.com/locate/ycimm [11] [12] [13] .
TextSentencer_T20 2820-3022 Sentence denotes The longlasting consequences of Mycoplasma pulmonis infection make it useful for studying changes in chronic disease Cellular Immunology 220 (2002) 107-115 www.elsevier.com/locate/ycimm [11] [12] [13] .
TextSentencer_T20 2820-3022 Sentence denotes The longlasting consequences of Mycoplasma pulmonis infection make it useful for studying changes in chronic disease Cellular Immunology 220 (2002) 107-115 www.elsevier.com/locate/ycimm [11] [12] [13] .
TextSentencer_T21 3023-3225 Sentence denotes The organisms attach to the luminal surface of the airway epithelium of rats and mice [12] and are not cleared from the airways despite strong cellular and humoral immune responses [11, [13] [14] [15] .
TextSentencer_T21 3023-3225 Sentence denotes The organisms attach to the luminal surface of the airway epithelium of rats and mice [12] and are not cleared from the airways despite strong cellular and humoral immune responses [11, [13] [14] [15] .
TextSentencer_T21 3023-3225 Sentence denotes The organisms attach to the luminal surface of the airway epithelium of rats and mice [12] and are not cleared from the airways despite strong cellular and humoral immune responses [11, [13] [14] [15] .
TextSentencer_T22 3226-3350 Sentence denotes The ongoing stimulus causes an influx of mononuclear cells, including DC, macrophages, and lymphocytes [15] [16] [17] [18] .
TextSentencer_T22 3226-3350 Sentence denotes The ongoing stimulus causes an influx of mononuclear cells, including DC, macrophages, and lymphocytes [15] [16] [17] [18] .
TextSentencer_T22 3226-3350 Sentence denotes The ongoing stimulus causes an influx of mononuclear cells, including DC, macrophages, and lymphocytes [15] [16] [17] [18] .
TextSentencer_T23 3351-3656 Sentence denotes The development of mucosal lymphoid tissue is a prominent part of the remodeling of the airway mucosa, and is accompanied by epithelial cell and mucous gland hyperplasia, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and increased sensitivity of the newly formed blood vessels to the neuropeptide substance P [13, 14, 19, 20] .
TextSentencer_T23 3351-3656 Sentence denotes The development of mucosal lymphoid tissue is a prominent part of the remodeling of the airway mucosa, and is accompanied by epithelial cell and mucous gland hyperplasia, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and increased sensitivity of the newly formed blood vessels to the neuropeptide substance P [13, 14, 19, 20] .
TextSentencer_T23 3351-3656 Sentence denotes The development of mucosal lymphoid tissue is a prominent part of the remodeling of the airway mucosa, and is accompanied by epithelial cell and mucous gland hyperplasia, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and increased sensitivity of the newly formed blood vessels to the neuropeptide substance P [13, 14, 19, 20] .
TextSentencer_T24 3657-3878 Sentence denotes Although some of these changes may occur after viral infection [20, 21] , M. pulmonis infection is unusual in that it causes life-long disease and, if untreated, can result in severe remodeling of the airway mucosa [22] .
TextSentencer_T24 3657-3878 Sentence denotes Although some of these changes may occur after viral infection [20, 21] , M. pulmonis infection is unusual in that it causes life-long disease and, if untreated, can result in severe remodeling of the airway mucosa [22] .
TextSentencer_T24 3657-3878 Sentence denotes Although some of these changes may occur after viral infection [20, 21] , M. pulmonis infection is unusual in that it causes life-long disease and, if untreated, can result in severe remodeling of the airway mucosa [22] .
TextSentencer_T25 3879-4116 Sentence denotes The role of DC and other MHC class II expressing cells in these changes is unknown [16, 17] , but is of interest because of the rapid cellular response after infection and the strong immunological component of mycoplasmal airway disease.
TextSentencer_T25 3879-4116 Sentence denotes The role of DC and other MHC class II expressing cells in these changes is unknown [16, 17] , but is of interest because of the rapid cellular response after infection and the strong immunological component of mycoplasmal airway disease.
TextSentencer_T25 3879-4116 Sentence denotes The role of DC and other MHC class II expressing cells in these changes is unknown [16, 17] , but is of interest because of the rapid cellular response after infection and the strong immunological component of mycoplasmal airway disease.
TextSentencer_T26 4117-4432 Sentence denotes In the present study, we used M. pulmonis infection as a model of chronic inflammation to determine the time course of changes in shape, number, and distribution of MHC class II expressing cells in the airway mucosa, with a focus on the region beneath the airway epithelium where M. pulmonis organisms are attached.
TextSentencer_T26 4117-4432 Sentence denotes In the present study, we used M. pulmonis infection as a model of chronic inflammation to determine the time course of changes in shape, number, and distribution of MHC class II expressing cells in the airway mucosa, with a focus on the region beneath the airway epithelium where M. pulmonis organisms are attached.
TextSentencer_T26 4117-4432 Sentence denotes In the present study, we used M. pulmonis infection as a model of chronic inflammation to determine the time course of changes in shape, number, and distribution of MHC class II expressing cells in the airway mucosa, with a focus on the region beneath the airway epithelium where M. pulmonis organisms are attached.
TextSentencer_T27 4433-4536 Sentence denotes We also determined whether epithelial cells express MHC class II molecules after M. pulmonis infection.
TextSentencer_T27 4433-4536 Sentence denotes We also determined whether epithelial cells express MHC class II molecules after M. pulmonis infection.
TextSentencer_T27 4433-4536 Sentence denotes We also determined whether epithelial cells express MHC class II molecules after M. pulmonis infection.
TextSentencer_T28 4537-4737 Sentence denotes MHC class II expressing cells in the tracheal mucosa, stained immunohistochemically with the OX6 monoclonal antibody [3, 4, 23] , were examined in rats infected with M. pulmonis for 2 days to 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T28 4537-4737 Sentence denotes MHC class II expressing cells in the tracheal mucosa, stained immunohistochemically with the OX6 monoclonal antibody [3, 4, 23] , were examined in rats infected with M. pulmonis for 2 days to 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T28 4537-4737 Sentence denotes MHC class II expressing cells in the tracheal mucosa, stained immunohistochemically with the OX6 monoclonal antibody [3, 4, 23] , were examined in rats infected with M. pulmonis for 2 days to 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T29 4738-5008 Sentence denotes Tracheal whole mounts were used to determine the 3-dimensional shape and number of OX6-immunoreactive cells within and near the airway epithelium, and tracheal cross-sections were used to determine the distribution of these cells within the thickness of the airway wall.
TextSentencer_T29 4738-5008 Sentence denotes Tracheal whole mounts were used to determine the 3-dimensional shape and number of OX6-immunoreactive cells within and near the airway epithelium, and tracheal cross-sections were used to determine the distribution of these cells within the thickness of the airway wall.
TextSentencer_T29 4738-5008 Sentence denotes Tracheal whole mounts were used to determine the 3-dimensional shape and number of OX6-immunoreactive cells within and near the airway epithelium, and tracheal cross-sections were used to determine the distribution of these cells within the thickness of the airway wall.
TextSentencer_T30 5009-5206 Sentence denotes Male pathogen-free Wistar rats were purchased from Charles River Breeding Laboratories (Hollister, CA) and housed under barrier conditions in autoclaved microisolator units, three animals per cage.
TextSentencer_T30 5009-5206 Sentence denotes Male pathogen-free Wistar rats were purchased from Charles River Breeding Laboratories (Hollister, CA) and housed under barrier conditions in autoclaved microisolator units, three animals per cage.
TextSentencer_T30 5009-5206 Sentence denotes Male pathogen-free Wistar rats were purchased from Charles River Breeding Laboratories (Hollister, CA) and housed under barrier conditions in autoclaved microisolator units, three animals per cage.
TextSentencer_T31 5207-5490 Sentence denotes Charles River documented the pathogen-free status of the animals as evidenced by serological assays for multiple pathogens, including M. pulmonis, parainfluenza type I (Sendai) virus, coronavirus (rat coronavirus/sialodacryoadenitis virus), and cilia-associated respiratory bacillus.
TextSentencer_T31 5207-5490 Sentence denotes Charles River documented the pathogen-free status of the animals as evidenced by serological assays for multiple pathogens, including M. pulmonis, parainfluenza type I (Sendai) virus, coronavirus (rat coronavirus/sialodacryoadenitis virus), and cilia-associated respiratory bacillus.
TextSentencer_T31 5207-5490 Sentence denotes Charles River documented the pathogen-free status of the animals as evidenced by serological assays for multiple pathogens, including M. pulmonis, parainfluenza type I (Sendai) virus, coronavirus (rat coronavirus/sialodacryoadenitis virus), and cilia-associated respiratory bacillus.
TextSentencer_T32 5491-5543 Sentence denotes Animals were 7 weeks old and 175-200 g upon arrival.
TextSentencer_T32 5491-5543 Sentence denotes Animals were 7 weeks old and 175-200 g upon arrival.
TextSentencer_T32 5491-5543 Sentence denotes Animals were 7 weeks old and 175-200 g upon arrival.
TextSentencer_T33 5544-5657 Sentence denotes All experiments were approved by the Committee on Animal Research at the University of California, San Francisco.
TextSentencer_T33 5544-5657 Sentence denotes All experiments were approved by the Committee on Animal Research at the University of California, San Francisco.
TextSentencer_T33 5544-5657 Sentence denotes All experiments were approved by the Committee on Animal Research at the University of California, San Francisco.
TextSentencer_T34 5658-5804 Sentence denotes M. pulmonis strain 5782C was grown in mycoplasma broth, harvested in the late log phase of growth, and frozen at )70°C in 1 ml aliquots [24, 25] .
TextSentencer_T34 5658-5804 Sentence denotes M. pulmonis strain 5782C was grown in mycoplasma broth, harvested in the late log phase of growth, and frozen at )70°C in 1 ml aliquots [24, 25] .
TextSentencer_T34 5658-5804 Sentence denotes M. pulmonis strain 5782C was grown in mycoplasma broth, harvested in the late log phase of growth, and frozen at )70°C in 1 ml aliquots [24, 25] .
TextSentencer_T35 5805-5946 Sentence denotes The frozen aliquots contained 7:5 Â 10 9 colony forming units of M. pulmonis per milliliter, as determined by quantitative culture [24, 25] .
TextSentencer_T35 5805-5946 Sentence denotes The frozen aliquots contained 7:5 Â 10 9 colony forming units of M. pulmonis per milliliter, as determined by quantitative culture [24, 25] .
TextSentencer_T35 5805-5946 Sentence denotes The frozen aliquots contained 7:5 Â 10 9 colony forming units of M. pulmonis per milliliter, as determined by quantitative culture [24, 25] .
TextSentencer_T36 5947-6288 Sentence denotes After anesthesia (intramuscular injection of 0.11-0.15 ml of a mixture of ketamine, 83.3 mg/ml, Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ, and xylazine, 3.3 mg/ ml, The Butler, Columbus, OH), rats were inoculated intranasally with 100 ll aliquots of M. pulmonis medium or sterile culture medium into each nostril daily, on three consecutive days [13] .
TextSentencer_T36 5947-6288 Sentence denotes After anesthesia (intramuscular injection of 0.11-0.15 ml of a mixture of ketamine, 83.3 mg/ml, Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ, and xylazine, 3.3 mg/ ml, The Butler, Columbus, OH), rats were inoculated intranasally with 100 ll aliquots of M. pulmonis medium or sterile culture medium into each nostril daily, on three consecutive days [13] .
TextSentencer_T36 5947-6288 Sentence denotes After anesthesia (intramuscular injection of 0.11-0.15 ml of a mixture of ketamine, 83.3 mg/ml, Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ, and xylazine, 3.3 mg/ ml, The Butler, Columbus, OH), rats were inoculated intranasally with 100 ll aliquots of M. pulmonis medium or sterile culture medium into each nostril daily, on three consecutive days [13] .
TextSentencer_T37 6289-6642 Sentence denotes At 2 or 4 days or 1, 2, or 4 weeks after the first inoculation, rats (n ¼ 5 per time-point) were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL) and then perfused via the ascending aorta for 2 min with 1% paraformaldehyde in phosphate-buffered 0.9% NaCl (PBS, pH 7.4) at 120-140 mmHg.
TextSentencer_T37 6289-6642 Sentence denotes At 2 or 4 days or 1, 2, or 4 weeks after the first inoculation, rats (n ¼ 5 per time-point) were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL) and then perfused via the ascending aorta for 2 min with 1% paraformaldehyde in phosphate-buffered 0.9% NaCl (PBS, pH 7.4) at 120-140 mmHg.
TextSentencer_T37 6289-6642 Sentence denotes At 2 or 4 days or 1, 2, or 4 weeks after the first inoculation, rats (n ¼ 5 per time-point) were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL) and then perfused via the ascending aorta for 2 min with 1% paraformaldehyde in phosphate-buffered 0.9% NaCl (PBS, pH 7.4) at 120-140 mmHg.
TextSentencer_T38 6643-6798 Sentence denotes Pathogen-free controls included five uninoculated rats and six rats inoculated with sterile culture medium (three rats at 2 days and three rats at 1 week).
TextSentencer_T38 6643-6798 Sentence denotes Pathogen-free controls included five uninoculated rats and six rats inoculated with sterile culture medium (three rats at 2 days and three rats at 1 week).
TextSentencer_T38 6643-6798 Sentence denotes Pathogen-free controls included five uninoculated rats and six rats inoculated with sterile culture medium (three rats at 2 days and three rats at 1 week).
TextSentencer_T39 6799-6988 Sentence denotes All animals had 1 ml of blood drawn from an external jugular vein for measurement of serological antibody titers to M. pulmonis, Sendai virus, and rat coronavirus/sialodacryoadenitis virus.
TextSentencer_T39 6799-6988 Sentence denotes All animals had 1 ml of blood drawn from an external jugular vein for measurement of serological antibody titers to M. pulmonis, Sendai virus, and rat coronavirus/sialodacryoadenitis virus.
TextSentencer_T39 6799-6988 Sentence denotes All animals had 1 ml of blood drawn from an external jugular vein for measurement of serological antibody titers to M. pulmonis, Sendai virus, and rat coronavirus/sialodacryoadenitis virus.
TextSentencer_T40 6989-7155 Sentence denotes After the vascular perfusion of fixative, tracheas were removed and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 1-7 days at 4°C before being processing for immunohistochemistry.
TextSentencer_T40 6989-7155 Sentence denotes After the vascular perfusion of fixative, tracheas were removed and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 1-7 days at 4°C before being processing for immunohistochemistry.
TextSentencer_T40 6989-7155 Sentence denotes After the vascular perfusion of fixative, tracheas were removed and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 1-7 days at 4°C before being processing for immunohistochemistry.
TextSentencer_T41 7156-7445 Sentence denotes Tracheas, washed and permeabilized in six 1-h changes of PBS containing 0.3% Triton X-100 (PBS/ Triton at room temperature, Sigma), were cut transversely into three segments, then were incised longitudinally and pinned flat, mucosal surface up, on Sylgard slabs (Dow Corning, Midland, MI).
TextSentencer_T41 7156-7445 Sentence denotes Tracheas, washed and permeabilized in six 1-h changes of PBS containing 0.3% Triton X-100 (PBS/ Triton at room temperature, Sigma), were cut transversely into three segments, then were incised longitudinally and pinned flat, mucosal surface up, on Sylgard slabs (Dow Corning, Midland, MI).
TextSentencer_T41 7156-7445 Sentence denotes Tracheas, washed and permeabilized in six 1-h changes of PBS containing 0.3% Triton X-100 (PBS/ Triton at room temperature, Sigma), were cut transversely into three segments, then were incised longitudinally and pinned flat, mucosal surface up, on Sylgard slabs (Dow Corning, Midland, MI).
TextSentencer_T42 7446-7572 Sentence denotes Alternatively, 150-lm cross-sections were cut with a Vibratome (Series 1000, Technical Products International, St. Louis, MO).
TextSentencer_T42 7446-7572 Sentence denotes Alternatively, 150-lm cross-sections were cut with a Vibratome (Series 1000, Technical Products International, St. Louis, MO).
TextSentencer_T42 7446-7572 Sentence denotes Alternatively, 150-lm cross-sections were cut with a Vibratome (Series 1000, Technical Products International, St. Louis, MO).
TextSentencer_T43 7573-7712 Sentence denotes Tracheal whole mounts or cross-sections were processed for immunoperoxidase histochemistry using techniques described previously [26, 27] .
TextSentencer_T43 7573-7712 Sentence denotes Tracheal whole mounts or cross-sections were processed for immunoperoxidase histochemistry using techniques described previously [26, 27] .
TextSentencer_T43 7573-7712 Sentence denotes Tracheal whole mounts or cross-sections were processed for immunoperoxidase histochemistry using techniques described previously [26, 27] .
TextSentencer_T44 7713-8012 Sentence denotes Briefly, specimens were incubated for 2 h in PBS containing 5% normal goat serum (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA) and then for 36 h in PBS containing 1% normal goat serum and MRC OX6 anti-MHC class II monoclonal antibody (PharMingen, San Diego, CA) at a 1:1000 dilution [3, 4] .
TextSentencer_T44 7713-8012 Sentence denotes Briefly, specimens were incubated for 2 h in PBS containing 5% normal goat serum (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA) and then for 36 h in PBS containing 1% normal goat serum and MRC OX6 anti-MHC class II monoclonal antibody (PharMingen, San Diego, CA) at a 1:1000 dilution [3, 4] .
TextSentencer_T44 7713-8012 Sentence denotes Briefly, specimens were incubated for 2 h in PBS containing 5% normal goat serum (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA) and then for 36 h in PBS containing 1% normal goat serum and MRC OX6 anti-MHC class II monoclonal antibody (PharMingen, San Diego, CA) at a 1:1000 dilution [3, 4] .
TextSentencer_T45 8013-8163 Sentence denotes The tissues were washed again for 6 h in PBS followed by a 24-h incubation in peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (Jackson) at a 1:200 dilution.
TextSentencer_T45 8013-8163 Sentence denotes The tissues were washed again for 6 h in PBS followed by a 24-h incubation in peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (Jackson) at a 1:200 dilution.
TextSentencer_T45 8013-8163 Sentence denotes The tissues were washed again for 6 h in PBS followed by a 24-h incubation in peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (Jackson) at a 1:200 dilution.
TextSentencer_T46 8164-8241 Sentence denotes The solutions contained 0.01% thimerosal (Sigma) to prevent microbial growth.
TextSentencer_T46 8164-8241 Sentence denotes The solutions contained 0.01% thimerosal (Sigma) to prevent microbial growth.
TextSentencer_T46 8164-8241 Sentence denotes The solutions contained 0.01% thimerosal (Sigma) to prevent microbial growth.
TextSentencer_T47 8242-8458 Sentence denotes Another wash in PBS was followed by 10 min in 0.05 M Trizma base-Trizma HCl buffer (Sigma), pH 7.6, containing 0.05% diaminobenzidine and 0.01% hydrogen peroxide to localize the peroxidase-labeled secondary antibody.
TextSentencer_T47 8242-8458 Sentence denotes Another wash in PBS was followed by 10 min in 0.05 M Trizma base-Trizma HCl buffer (Sigma), pH 7.6, containing 0.05% diaminobenzidine and 0.01% hydrogen peroxide to localize the peroxidase-labeled secondary antibody.
TextSentencer_T47 8242-8458 Sentence denotes Another wash in PBS was followed by 10 min in 0.05 M Trizma base-Trizma HCl buffer (Sigma), pH 7.6, containing 0.05% diaminobenzidine and 0.01% hydrogen peroxide to localize the peroxidase-labeled secondary antibody.
TextSentencer_T48 8459-8499 Sentence denotes All steps were done at room temperature.
TextSentencer_T48 8459-8499 Sentence denotes All steps were done at room temperature.
TextSentencer_T48 8459-8499 Sentence denotes All steps were done at room temperature.
TextSentencer_T49 8500-8630 Sentence denotes Finally, the specimens were dehydrated in ethanol, cleared in toluene, and mounted in Permount (Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ).
TextSentencer_T49 8500-8630 Sentence denotes Finally, the specimens were dehydrated in ethanol, cleared in toluene, and mounted in Permount (Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ).
TextSentencer_T49 8500-8630 Sentence denotes Finally, the specimens were dehydrated in ethanol, cleared in toluene, and mounted in Permount (Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ).
TextSentencer_T50 8631-8676 Sentence denotes Whole mounts were mounted mucosal surface up.
TextSentencer_T50 8631-8676 Sentence denotes Whole mounts were mounted mucosal surface up.
TextSentencer_T50 8631-8676 Sentence denotes Whole mounts were mounted mucosal surface up.
TextSentencer_T51 8677-8969 Sentence denotes Tracheas were examined with a Zeiss Axiophot microscope (Carl Zeiss, Thornwood, NY) equipped with differential interference contrast optics or with an Edge R400 microscope (Edge Scientific Instrument, Los Angeles, CA), which uses oblique specimen illumination to produce 3-dimensional images.
TextSentencer_T51 8677-8969 Sentence denotes Tracheas were examined with a Zeiss Axiophot microscope (Carl Zeiss, Thornwood, NY) equipped with differential interference contrast optics or with an Edge R400 microscope (Edge Scientific Instrument, Los Angeles, CA), which uses oblique specimen illumination to produce 3-dimensional images.
TextSentencer_T51 8677-8969 Sentence denotes Tracheas were examined with a Zeiss Axiophot microscope (Carl Zeiss, Thornwood, NY) equipped with differential interference contrast optics or with an Edge R400 microscope (Edge Scientific Instrument, Los Angeles, CA), which uses oblique specimen illumination to produce 3-dimensional images.
TextSentencer_T52 8970-9167 Sentence denotes Color photographs taken with Kodak Ektachrome 100 film were scanned (Polaroid SprintScan 35, Cambridge, MA) and printed on a digital image printer (Fujix Pictography 3000, Fuji Film, Tokyo, Japan).
TextSentencer_T52 8970-9167 Sentence denotes Color photographs taken with Kodak Ektachrome 100 film were scanned (Polaroid SprintScan 35, Cambridge, MA) and printed on a digital image printer (Fujix Pictography 3000, Fuji Film, Tokyo, Japan).
TextSentencer_T52 8970-9167 Sentence denotes Color photographs taken with Kodak Ektachrome 100 film were scanned (Polaroid SprintScan 35, Cambridge, MA) and printed on a digital image printer (Fujix Pictography 3000, Fuji Film, Tokyo, Japan).
TextSentencer_T53 9168-9441 Sentence denotes The shape of OX6-immunoreactive (OX6-positive) cells was estimated using a shape-sensitive parameter (shape index ¼ 4pA=P 2 , where A is the projected cell area and P the projected perimeter) that expresses the ratio of area to perimeter relative to that of a circle [28] .
TextSentencer_T53 9168-9441 Sentence denotes The shape of OX6-immunoreactive (OX6-positive) cells was estimated using a shape-sensitive parameter (shape index ¼ 4pA=P 2 , where A is the projected cell area and P the projected perimeter) that expresses the ratio of area to perimeter relative to that of a circle [28] .
TextSentencer_T53 9168-9441 Sentence denotes The shape of OX6-immunoreactive (OX6-positive) cells was estimated using a shape-sensitive parameter (shape index ¼ 4pA=P 2 , where A is the projected cell area and P the projected perimeter) that expresses the ratio of area to perimeter relative to that of a circle [28] .
TextSentencer_T54 9442-9622 Sentence denotes Circular cells have a shape index of 1, whereas irregularly shaped cells have smaller shape indices, which decrease toward zero as the perimeter increases with respect to the area.
TextSentencer_T54 9442-9622 Sentence denotes Circular cells have a shape index of 1, whereas irregularly shaped cells have smaller shape indices, which decrease toward zero as the perimeter increases with respect to the area.
TextSentencer_T54 9442-9622 Sentence denotes Circular cells have a shape index of 1, whereas irregularly shaped cells have smaller shape indices, which decrease toward zero as the perimeter increases with respect to the area.
TextSentencer_T55 9623-9697 Sentence denotes DC with many processes have smaller shape indices than more rounded cells.
TextSentencer_T55 9623-9697 Sentence denotes DC with many processes have smaller shape indices than more rounded cells.
TextSentencer_T55 9623-9697 Sentence denotes DC with many processes have smaller shape indices than more rounded cells.
TextSentencer_T56 9698-9807 Sentence denotes The projected area and perimeter of 25 OX6-positive cells were measured in the rostral third of each trachea.
TextSentencer_T56 9698-9807 Sentence denotes The projected area and perimeter of 25 OX6-positive cells were measured in the rostral third of each trachea.
TextSentencer_T56 9698-9807 Sentence denotes The projected area and perimeter of 25 OX6-positive cells were measured in the rostral third of each trachea.
TextSentencer_T57 9808-9983 Sentence denotes Measurements were made with a digitizing tablet on real-time color video images magnified with a Zeiss Axiophot microscope (projected magnification approximately 1800Â) [28] .
TextSentencer_T57 9808-9983 Sentence denotes Measurements were made with a digitizing tablet on real-time color video images magnified with a Zeiss Axiophot microscope (projected magnification approximately 1800Â) [28] .
TextSentencer_T57 9808-9983 Sentence denotes Measurements were made with a digitizing tablet on real-time color video images magnified with a Zeiss Axiophot microscope (projected magnification approximately 1800Â) [28] .
TextSentencer_T58 9984-10174 Sentence denotes OX6-positive cells, located within or beneath the epithelium to a depth of about 50 lm, were counted in 12 consecutive regions of mucosa, each measuring 0.09 mm 2 , in tracheal whole mounts.
TextSentencer_T58 9984-10174 Sentence denotes OX6-positive cells, located within or beneath the epithelium to a depth of about 50 lm, were counted in 12 consecutive regions of mucosa, each measuring 0.09 mm 2 , in tracheal whole mounts.
TextSentencer_T58 9984-10174 Sentence denotes OX6-positive cells, located within or beneath the epithelium to a depth of about 50 lm, were counted in 12 consecutive regions of mucosa, each measuring 0.09 mm 2 , in tracheal whole mounts.
TextSentencer_T59 10175-10389 Sentence denotes These particular cells were selected so the measurements would reflect the cells near the M. pulmonis organisms in the airway lumen, and the values would be comparable to published data on subepithelial DC [2, 3] .
TextSentencer_T59 10175-10389 Sentence denotes These particular cells were selected so the measurements would reflect the cells near the M. pulmonis organisms in the airway lumen, and the values would be comparable to published data on subepithelial DC [2, 3] .
TextSentencer_T59 10175-10389 Sentence denotes These particular cells were selected so the measurements would reflect the cells near the M. pulmonis organisms in the airway lumen, and the values would be comparable to published data on subepithelial DC [2, 3] .
TextSentencer_T60 10390-10460 Sentence denotes Measurements were made on regions of mucosa over cartilage rings 3-14.
TextSentencer_T60 10390-10460 Sentence denotes Measurements were made on regions of mucosa over cartilage rings 3-14.
TextSentencer_T60 10390-10460 Sentence denotes Measurements were made on regions of mucosa over cartilage rings 3-14.
TextSentencer_T61 10461-10549 Sentence denotes The number of OX6-positive cells was expressed per square millimeter of mucosal surface.
TextSentencer_T61 10461-10549 Sentence denotes The number of OX6-positive cells was expressed per square millimeter of mucosal surface.
TextSentencer_T61 10461-10549 Sentence denotes The number of OX6-positive cells was expressed per square millimeter of mucosal surface.
TextSentencer_T62 10550-10609 Sentence denotes Specimens were viewed at a projected magnification of 400Â.
TextSentencer_T62 10550-10609 Sentence denotes Specimens were viewed at a projected magnification of 400Â.
TextSentencer_T62 10550-10609 Sentence denotes Specimens were viewed at a projected magnification of 400Â.
TextSentencer_T63 10610-10824 Sentence denotes Epithelial basal cells, which had faint immunoreactivity, and co-lumnar epithelial cells, which had variable immunoreactivity after M. pulmonis infection, were readily identified and excluded from the counts of DC.
TextSentencer_T63 10610-10824 Sentence denotes Epithelial basal cells, which had faint immunoreactivity, and co-lumnar epithelial cells, which had variable immunoreactivity after M. pulmonis infection, were readily identified and excluded from the counts of DC.
TextSentencer_T63 10610-10824 Sentence denotes Epithelial basal cells, which had faint immunoreactivity, and co-lumnar epithelial cells, which had variable immunoreactivity after M. pulmonis infection, were readily identified and excluded from the counts of DC.
TextSentencer_T64 10825-10883 Sentence denotes Mucosal thickness was measured in tracheal cross-sections.
TextSentencer_T64 10825-10883 Sentence denotes Mucosal thickness was measured in tracheal cross-sections.
TextSentencer_T64 10825-10883 Sentence denotes Mucosal thickness was measured in tracheal cross-sections.
TextSentencer_T65 10884-11076 Sentence denotes Serological antibody titers to M. pulmonis, Sendai virus, and rat coronavirus/sialodacryoadenitis virus were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA; BioReliance, Rockville, MD).
TextSentencer_T65 10884-11076 Sentence denotes Serological antibody titers to M. pulmonis, Sendai virus, and rat coronavirus/sialodacryoadenitis virus were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA; BioReliance, Rockville, MD).
TextSentencer_T65 10884-11076 Sentence denotes Serological antibody titers to M. pulmonis, Sendai virus, and rat coronavirus/sialodacryoadenitis virus were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA; BioReliance, Rockville, MD).
TextSentencer_T66 11077-11164 Sentence denotes Values are expressed as means AE SE (n ¼ 5 rats per group, unless specified otherwise).
TextSentencer_T66 11077-11164 Sentence denotes Values are expressed as means AE SE (n ¼ 5 rats per group, unless specified otherwise).
TextSentencer_T66 11077-11164 Sentence denotes Values are expressed as means AE SE (n ¼ 5 rats per group, unless specified otherwise).
TextSentencer_T67 11165-11392 Sentence denotes The significance of differences between groups was evaluated by analysis of variance and FisherÕs test or Scheff e eÕs F test for multiple comparisons or, for values that were not normally distributed, by the Mann-Whitney test.
TextSentencer_T67 11165-11392 Sentence denotes The significance of differences between groups was evaluated by analysis of variance and FisherÕs test or Scheff e eÕs F test for multiple comparisons or, for values that were not normally distributed, by the Mann-Whitney test.
TextSentencer_T67 11165-11392 Sentence denotes The significance of differences between groups was evaluated by analysis of variance and FisherÕs test or Scheff e eÕs F test for multiple comparisons or, for values that were not normally distributed, by the Mann-Whitney test.
TextSentencer_T68 11393-11447 Sentence denotes Differences were considered significant when P < 0:05.
TextSentencer_T68 11393-11447 Sentence denotes Differences were considered significant when P < 0:05.
TextSentencer_T68 11393-11447 Sentence denotes Differences were considered significant when P < 0:05.
TextSentencer_T69 11448-11641 Sentence denotes In pathogen-free rats, a network of MHC class II expressing cells, identified by their OX6 immunoreactivity, occupied a thin layer just beneath the epithelium of the tracheal mucosa (Fig. 1A) .
TextSentencer_T69 11448-11641 Sentence denotes In pathogen-free rats, a network of MHC class II expressing cells, identified by their OX6 immunoreactivity, occupied a thin layer just beneath the epithelium of the tracheal mucosa (Fig. 1A) .
TextSentencer_T69 11448-11641 Sentence denotes In pathogen-free rats, a network of MHC class II expressing cells, identified by their OX6 immunoreactivity, occupied a thin layer just beneath the epithelium of the tracheal mucosa (Fig. 1A) .
TextSentencer_T70 11642-11815 Sentence denotes In rats infected with M. pulmonis, the mucosa became progressively thicker and much more densely populated with OX6-positive cells over the 4-week period of the study (Figs.
TextSentencer_T70 11642-11815 Sentence denotes In rats infected with M. pulmonis, the mucosa became progressively thicker and much more densely populated with OX6-positive cells over the 4-week period of the study (Figs.
TextSentencer_T70 11642-11815 Sentence denotes In rats infected with M. pulmonis, the mucosa became progressively thicker and much more densely populated with OX6-positive cells over the 4-week period of the study (Figs.
TextSentencer_T71 11816-11826 Sentence denotes 1B and C).
TextSentencer_T71 11816-11826 Sentence denotes 1B and C).
TextSentencer_T71 11816-11826 Sentence denotes 1B and C).
TextSentencer_T72 11827-11969 Sentence denotes Mucosal thickness increased from about 50 lm in pathogen-free rats to 200 lm at 1 week after infection, and 500 lm at 4 weeks after infection.
TextSentencer_T72 11827-11969 Sentence denotes Mucosal thickness increased from about 50 lm in pathogen-free rats to 200 lm at 1 week after infection, and 500 lm at 4 weeks after infection.
TextSentencer_T72 11827-11969 Sentence denotes Mucosal thickness increased from about 50 lm in pathogen-free rats to 200 lm at 1 week after infection, and 500 lm at 4 weeks after infection.
TextSentencer_T73 11970-12100 Sentence denotes Most of the OX6-positive cells in the tracheas of pathogen-free rats had the characteristic branched morphology of DC [3, 4, 27] .
TextSentencer_T73 11970-12100 Sentence denotes Most of the OX6-positive cells in the tracheas of pathogen-free rats had the characteristic branched morphology of DC [3, 4, 27] .
TextSentencer_T73 11970-12100 Sentence denotes Most of the OX6-positive cells in the tracheas of pathogen-free rats had the characteristic branched morphology of DC [3, 4, 27] .
TextSentencer_T74 12101-12227 Sentence denotes Cells with 3-5 branched cytoplasmic processes formed a thin network roughly in the plane of epithelial basal cells (Fig. 1D) .
TextSentencer_T74 12101-12227 Sentence denotes Cells with 3-5 branched cytoplasmic processes formed a thin network roughly in the plane of epithelial basal cells (Fig. 1D) .
TextSentencer_T74 12101-12227 Sentence denotes Cells with 3-5 branched cytoplasmic processes formed a thin network roughly in the plane of epithelial basal cells (Fig. 1D) .
TextSentencer_T75 12228-12362 Sentence denotes Consistent with their stellate shape, OX6-positive DC in pathogenfree rats had a comparatively low shape index (mean ¼ 0.42; Fig. 2 ).
TextSentencer_T75 12228-12362 Sentence denotes Consistent with their stellate shape, OX6-positive DC in pathogenfree rats had a comparatively low shape index (mean ¼ 0.42; Fig. 2 ).
TextSentencer_T75 12228-12362 Sentence denotes Consistent with their stellate shape, OX6-positive DC in pathogenfree rats had a comparatively low shape index (mean ¼ 0.42; Fig. 2 ).
TextSentencer_T76 12363-12503 Sentence denotes After M. pulmonis infection, the shape, number, and distribution of OX6-positive cells in the tracheal mucosa underwent conspicuous changes.
TextSentencer_T76 12363-12503 Sentence denotes After M. pulmonis infection, the shape, number, and distribution of OX6-positive cells in the tracheal mucosa underwent conspicuous changes.
TextSentencer_T76 12363-12503 Sentence denotes After M. pulmonis infection, the shape, number, and distribution of OX6-positive cells in the tracheal mucosa underwent conspicuous changes.
TextSentencer_T77 12504-12728 Sentence denotes OX6-positive cells became progressively rounder during the first week (Fig. 1E) , as reflected by an increase in shape index from 0.42 in pathogen-free rats to 0.66 at 2 days after infection and to 0.77 at 1 week (Fig. 2) .
TextSentencer_T77 12504-12728 Sentence denotes OX6-positive cells became progressively rounder during the first week (Fig. 1E) , as reflected by an increase in shape index from 0.42 in pathogen-free rats to 0.66 at 2 days after infection and to 0.77 at 1 week (Fig. 2) .
TextSentencer_T77 12504-12728 Sentence denotes OX6-positive cells became progressively rounder during the first week (Fig. 1E) , as reflected by an increase in shape index from 0.42 in pathogen-free rats to 0.66 at 2 days after infection and to 0.77 at 1 week (Fig. 2) .
TextSentencer_T78 12729-12821 Sentence denotes At 2 and 4 days, the shape of many of the cells was intermediate between stellate and round.
TextSentencer_T78 12729-12821 Sentence denotes At 2 and 4 days, the shape of many of the cells was intermediate between stellate and round.
TextSentencer_T78 12729-12821 Sentence denotes At 2 and 4 days, the shape of many of the cells was intermediate between stellate and round.
TextSentencer_T79 12822-12904 Sentence denotes At 1, 2, and 4 weeks, almost all of the OX6positive cells had a rounded phenotype.
TextSentencer_T79 12822-12904 Sentence denotes At 1, 2, and 4 weeks, almost all of the OX6positive cells had a rounded phenotype.
TextSentencer_T79 12822-12904 Sentence denotes At 1, 2, and 4 weeks, almost all of the OX6positive cells had a rounded phenotype.
TextSentencer_T80 12905-13038 Sentence denotes OX6 immunoreactivity in tracheas of rats inoculated with sterile culture medium was indistinguishable from that in uninoculated rats.
TextSentencer_T80 12905-13038 Sentence denotes OX6 immunoreactivity in tracheas of rats inoculated with sterile culture medium was indistinguishable from that in uninoculated rats.
TextSentencer_T80 12905-13038 Sentence denotes OX6 immunoreactivity in tracheas of rats inoculated with sterile culture medium was indistinguishable from that in uninoculated rats.
TextSentencer_T81 13039-13106 Sentence denotes The staining was abolished by omission of the OX6 primary antibody.
TextSentencer_T81 13039-13106 Sentence denotes The staining was abolished by omission of the OX6 primary antibody.
TextSentencer_T81 13039-13106 Sentence denotes The staining was abolished by omission of the OX6 primary antibody.
TextSentencer_T82 13107-13370 Sentence denotes The numerical density of OX6-positive cells in the most superficial 50 lm of tracheal mucosa increased 58% during the first week after infection, from 1231 AE 89 cells=mm 2 in pathogen-free controls to 1942 AE 101 cells= mm 2 in infected rats (P < 0:05; Fig. 3 ).
TextSentencer_T82 13107-13370 Sentence denotes The numerical density of OX6-positive cells in the most superficial 50 lm of tracheal mucosa increased 58% during the first week after infection, from 1231 AE 89 cells=mm 2 in pathogen-free controls to 1942 AE 101 cells= mm 2 in infected rats (P < 0:05; Fig. 3 ).
TextSentencer_T82 13107-13370 Sentence denotes The numerical density of OX6-positive cells in the most superficial 50 lm of tracheal mucosa increased 58% during the first week after infection, from 1231 AE 89 cells=mm 2 in pathogen-free controls to 1942 AE 101 cells= mm 2 in infected rats (P < 0:05; Fig. 3 ).
TextSentencer_T83 13371-13656 Sentence denotes Increasing OX6 immunoreactivity of mucosal cells made cell-counting more difficult in tracheal whole mounts after the first week; however, an analysis of cross-sections showed that OX6-positive cells were uniformly abundant throughout the mucosa at 1 and 4 weeks after infection (Figs.
TextSentencer_T83 13371-13656 Sentence denotes Increasing OX6 immunoreactivity of mucosal cells made cell-counting more difficult in tracheal whole mounts after the first week; however, an analysis of cross-sections showed that OX6-positive cells were uniformly abundant throughout the mucosa at 1 and 4 weeks after infection (Figs.
TextSentencer_T83 13371-13656 Sentence denotes Increasing OX6 immunoreactivity of mucosal cells made cell-counting more difficult in tracheal whole mounts after the first week; however, an analysis of cross-sections showed that OX6-positive cells were uniformly abundant throughout the mucosa at 1 and 4 weeks after infection (Figs.
TextSentencer_T84 13657-13667 Sentence denotes 1B and C).
TextSentencer_T84 13657-13667 Sentence denotes 1B and C).
TextSentencer_T84 13657-13667 Sentence denotes 1B and C).
TextSentencer_T85 13668-13841 Sentence denotes When mucosal thickening was taken into ac- count, the number of OX6-positive cells was increased 6-fold at 1 week and 16-fold at 4 weeks compared to the pathogen-free value.
TextSentencer_T85 13668-13841 Sentence denotes When mucosal thickening was taken into ac- count, the number of OX6-positive cells was increased 6-fold at 1 week and 16-fold at 4 weeks compared to the pathogen-free value.
TextSentencer_T85 13668-13841 Sentence denotes When mucosal thickening was taken into ac- count, the number of OX6-positive cells was increased 6-fold at 1 week and 16-fold at 4 weeks compared to the pathogen-free value.
TextSentencer_T86 13842-14038 Sentence denotes In pathogen-free rats, columnar epithelial cells of the tracheal mucosa had no OX6 immunoreactivity, but processes of OX6-positive cells in the lamina propria penetrated the epithelium (Fig. 4A) .
TextSentencer_T86 13842-14038 Sentence denotes In pathogen-free rats, columnar epithelial cells of the tracheal mucosa had no OX6 immunoreactivity, but processes of OX6-positive cells in the lamina propria penetrated the epithelium (Fig. 4A) .
TextSentencer_T86 13842-14038 Sentence denotes In pathogen-free rats, columnar epithelial cells of the tracheal mucosa had no OX6 immunoreactivity, but processes of OX6-positive cells in the lamina propria penetrated the epithelium (Fig. 4A) .
TextSentencer_T87 14039-14120 Sentence denotes Some epithelial basal cells had faint immunoreactivity but not a dendritic shape.
TextSentencer_T87 14039-14120 Sentence denotes Some epithelial basal cells had faint immunoreactivity but not a dendritic shape.
TextSentencer_T87 14039-14120 Sentence denotes Some epithelial basal cells had faint immunoreactivity but not a dendritic shape.
TextSentencer_T88 14121-14270 Sentence denotes Scattered columnar epithelial cells had OX6 immunoreactivity at 2 days after infection (Fig. 4B) , and the number increased progressively (Fig. 4C) .
TextSentencer_T88 14121-14270 Sentence denotes Scattered columnar epithelial cells had OX6 immunoreactivity at 2 days after infection (Fig. 4B) , and the number increased progressively (Fig. 4C) .
TextSentencer_T88 14121-14270 Sentence denotes Scattered columnar epithelial cells had OX6 immunoreactivity at 2 days after infection (Fig. 4B) , and the number increased progressively (Fig. 4C) .
TextSentencer_T89 14271-14413 Sentence denotes By 1 week, most of the epithelium had granular OX6 immunoreactivity, which appeared to be associated with intracellular organelles (Fig. 4C) .
TextSentencer_T89 14271-14413 Sentence denotes By 1 week, most of the epithelium had granular OX6 immunoreactivity, which appeared to be associated with intracellular organelles (Fig. 4C) .
TextSentencer_T89 14271-14413 Sentence denotes By 1 week, most of the epithelium had granular OX6 immunoreactivity, which appeared to be associated with intracellular organelles (Fig. 4C) .
TextSentencer_T90 14414-14489 Sentence denotes No epithelial cells were stained when the OX6 primary antibody was omitted.
TextSentencer_T90 14414-14489 Sentence denotes No epithelial cells were stained when the OX6 primary antibody was omitted.
TextSentencer_T90 14414-14489 Sentence denotes No epithelial cells were stained when the OX6 primary antibody was omitted.
TextSentencer_T91 14490-14782 Sentence denotes Rats that were pathogen-free or infected for 1 week or less did not have significant serological antibody ti-ters to M. pulmonis, but at 2 weeks the infected rats had detectable titers (0:14 AE 0:01 ELISA units), and at 4 weeks the titers were significantly higher (0:77 AE 0:07 ELISA units).
TextSentencer_T91 14490-14782 Sentence denotes Rats that were pathogen-free or infected for 1 week or less did not have significant serological antibody ti-ters to M. pulmonis, but at 2 weeks the infected rats had detectable titers (0:14 AE 0:01 ELISA units), and at 4 weeks the titers were significantly higher (0:77 AE 0:07 ELISA units).
TextSentencer_T91 14490-14782 Sentence denotes Rats that were pathogen-free or infected for 1 week or less did not have significant serological antibody ti-ters to M. pulmonis, but at 2 weeks the infected rats had detectable titers (0:14 AE 0:01 ELISA units), and at 4 weeks the titers were significantly higher (0:77 AE 0:07 ELISA units).
TextSentencer_T92 14783-14893 Sentence denotes None of the rats had significant antibody titers to Sendai virus or rat coronavirus/sialodacryoadenitis virus.
TextSentencer_T92 14783-14893 Sentence denotes None of the rats had significant antibody titers to Sendai virus or rat coronavirus/sialodacryoadenitis virus.
TextSentencer_T92 14783-14893 Sentence denotes None of the rats had significant antibody titers to Sendai virus or rat coronavirus/sialodacryoadenitis virus.
TextSentencer_T93 14894-15065 Sentence denotes In the present study, M. pulmonis infection resulted in conspicuous changes in the shape, number, and distribution of MHC class II expressing cells in the tracheal mucosa.
TextSentencer_T93 14894-15065 Sentence denotes In the present study, M. pulmonis infection resulted in conspicuous changes in the shape, number, and distribution of MHC class II expressing cells in the tracheal mucosa.
TextSentencer_T93 14894-15065 Sentence denotes In the present study, M. pulmonis infection resulted in conspicuous changes in the shape, number, and distribution of MHC class II expressing cells in the tracheal mucosa.
TextSentencer_T94 15066-15303 Sentence denotes During the first week after infection, OX6-positive cells changed in shape from dendritic to rounded, increased in number, and changed in distribution from a concentration at the base of the epithelium to scattered throughout the mucosa.
TextSentencer_T94 15066-15303 Sentence denotes During the first week after infection, OX6-positive cells changed in shape from dendritic to rounded, increased in number, and changed in distribution from a concentration at the base of the epithelium to scattered throughout the mucosa.
TextSentencer_T94 15066-15303 Sentence denotes During the first week after infection, OX6-positive cells changed in shape from dendritic to rounded, increased in number, and changed in distribution from a concentration at the base of the epithelium to scattered throughout the mucosa.
TextSentencer_T95 15304-15421 Sentence denotes By 4 weeks, the mucosa had 10 times the normal thickness and an even larger increase in number of OX6-positive cells.
TextSentencer_T95 15304-15421 Sentence denotes By 4 weeks, the mucosa had 10 times the normal thickness and an even larger increase in number of OX6-positive cells.
TextSentencer_T95 15304-15421 Sentence denotes By 4 weeks, the mucosa had 10 times the normal thickness and an even larger increase in number of OX6-positive cells.
TextSentencer_T96 15422-15496 Sentence denotes In addition, many columnar epithelial cells acquired OX6 immunoreactivity.
TextSentencer_T96 15422-15496 Sentence denotes In addition, many columnar epithelial cells acquired OX6 immunoreactivity.
TextSentencer_T96 15422-15496 Sentence denotes In addition, many columnar epithelial cells acquired OX6 immunoreactivity.
TextSentencer_T97 15498-15626 Sentence denotes Changes in the shape and number of OX6-positive cells were assessed after immunohistochemical staining of tracheal whole mounts.
TextSentencer_T97 15498-15626 Sentence denotes Changes in the shape and number of OX6-positive cells were assessed after immunohistochemical staining of tracheal whole mounts.
TextSentencer_T97 15498-15626 Sentence denotes Changes in the shape and number of OX6-positive cells were assessed after immunohistochemical staining of tracheal whole mounts.
TextSentencer_T98 15627-15748 Sentence denotes In these preparations, we could see the 3-dimensional shape as well as determine the distribution of cells in the mucosa.
TextSentencer_T98 15627-15748 Sentence denotes In these preparations, we could see the 3-dimensional shape as well as determine the distribution of cells in the mucosa.
TextSentencer_T98 15627-15748 Sentence denotes In these preparations, we could see the 3-dimensional shape as well as determine the distribution of cells in the mucosa.
TextSentencer_T99 15749-15920 Sentence denotes The 150-lm Vibratome sections complemented the whole mounts by highlighting the increase in mucosal thickness and the distribution of OX6-positive cells within the mucosa.
TextSentencer_T99 15749-15920 Sentence denotes The 150-lm Vibratome sections complemented the whole mounts by highlighting the increase in mucosal thickness and the distribution of OX6-positive cells within the mucosa.
TextSentencer_T99 15749-15920 Sentence denotes The 150-lm Vibratome sections complemented the whole mounts by highlighting the increase in mucosal thickness and the distribution of OX6-positive cells within the mucosa.
TextSentencer_T100 15921-16061 Sentence denotes Only the most superficial OX6-positive cells were counted in whole mounts so the values could be related to data from previous studies [3] .
TextSentencer_T100 15921-16061 Sentence denotes Only the most superficial OX6-positive cells were counted in whole mounts so the values could be related to data from previous studies [3] .
TextSentencer_T100 15921-16061 Sentence denotes Only the most superficial OX6-positive cells were counted in whole mounts so the values could be related to data from previous studies [3] .
TextSentencer_T101 16062-16257 Sentence denotes Nonetheless, the number of these cells found in pathogen-free rats was 50-100% larger than corresponding values obtained from tangential 10 lm sections of mucosa just beneath the epithelium [3] .
TextSentencer_T101 16062-16257 Sentence denotes Nonetheless, the number of these cells found in pathogen-free rats was 50-100% larger than corresponding values obtained from tangential 10 lm sections of mucosa just beneath the epithelium [3] .
TextSentencer_T101 16062-16257 Sentence denotes Nonetheless, the number of these cells found in pathogen-free rats was 50-100% larger than corresponding values obtained from tangential 10 lm sections of mucosa just beneath the epithelium [3] .
TextSentencer_T102 16258-16362 Sentence denotes This difference could be explained by the greater thickness of the region analyzed in the present study.
TextSentencer_T102 16258-16362 Sentence denotes This difference could be explained by the greater thickness of the region analyzed in the present study.
TextSentencer_T102 16258-16362 Sentence denotes This difference could be explained by the greater thickness of the region analyzed in the present study.
TextSentencer_T103 16363-16574 Sentence denotes The combination of whole mounts and cross-sections produced a picture of OX6-positive cells that neither method could give independently and could not be readily obtained from conventional histological sections.
TextSentencer_T103 16363-16574 Sentence denotes The combination of whole mounts and cross-sections produced a picture of OX6-positive cells that neither method could give independently and could not be readily obtained from conventional histological sections.
TextSentencer_T103 16363-16574 Sentence denotes The combination of whole mounts and cross-sections produced a picture of OX6-positive cells that neither method could give independently and could not be readily obtained from conventional histological sections.
TextSentencer_T104 16575-16759 Sentence denotes Tracheal whole mounts provided a clear view of the number and 3-dimensional structure of OX6-positive cells in pathogen-free rats and during the first week after M. pulmonis infection.
TextSentencer_T104 16575-16759 Sentence denotes Tracheal whole mounts provided a clear view of the number and 3-dimensional structure of OX6-positive cells in pathogen-free rats and during the first week after M. pulmonis infection.
TextSentencer_T104 16575-16759 Sentence denotes Tracheal whole mounts provided a clear view of the number and 3-dimensional structure of OX6-positive cells in pathogen-free rats and during the first week after M. pulmonis infection.
TextSentencer_T105 16760-16959 Sentence denotes However, as the mucosa became thicker, only the most superficial cells of whole mounts were stained, probably due to limited penetration of reagents and increasing immunoreactivity of the epithelium.
TextSentencer_T105 16760-16959 Sentence denotes However, as the mucosa became thicker, only the most superficial cells of whole mounts were stained, probably due to limited penetration of reagents and increasing immunoreactivity of the epithelium.
TextSentencer_T105 16760-16959 Sentence denotes However, as the mucosa became thicker, only the most superficial cells of whole mounts were stained, probably due to limited penetration of reagents and increasing immunoreactivity of the epithelium.
TextSentencer_T106 16960-17155 Sentence denotes By comparison, cross-sections, which did not have the limitation of reagent penetration, clearly revealed the thickening of the mucosa and showed abundant OX6positive cells throughout the mucosa.
TextSentencer_T106 16960-17155 Sentence denotes By comparison, cross-sections, which did not have the limitation of reagent penetration, clearly revealed the thickening of the mucosa and showed abundant OX6positive cells throughout the mucosa.
TextSentencer_T106 16960-17155 Sentence denotes By comparison, cross-sections, which did not have the limitation of reagent penetration, clearly revealed the thickening of the mucosa and showed abundant OX6positive cells throughout the mucosa.
TextSentencer_T107 17156-17327 Sentence denotes Together, the two types of preparations revealed that the total number of OX6-positive cells increased 6-fold over the first week after infection and 16-fold over 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T107 17156-17327 Sentence denotes Together, the two types of preparations revealed that the total number of OX6-positive cells increased 6-fold over the first week after infection and 16-fold over 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T107 17156-17327 Sentence denotes Together, the two types of preparations revealed that the total number of OX6-positive cells increased 6-fold over the first week after infection and 16-fold over 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T108 17328-17350 Sentence denotes Pathogen-free animals.
TextSentencer_T108 17328-17350 Sentence denotes Pathogen-free animals.
TextSentencer_T108 17328-17350 Sentence denotes Pathogen-free animals.
TextSentencer_T109 17351-17556 Sentence denotes Most OX6-immunoreactive cells in the airways of pathogen-free rats are considered to be DC because they express MHC class II (Ia) determinants and have the characteristic dendriform morphology [3, 4, 27] .
TextSentencer_T109 17351-17556 Sentence denotes Most OX6-immunoreactive cells in the airways of pathogen-free rats are considered to be DC because they express MHC class II (Ia) determinants and have the characteristic dendriform morphology [3, 4, 27] .
TextSentencer_T109 17351-17556 Sentence denotes Most OX6-immunoreactive cells in the airways of pathogen-free rats are considered to be DC because they express MHC class II (Ia) determinants and have the characteristic dendriform morphology [3, 4, 27] .
TextSentencer_T110 17557-17694 Sentence denotes Holt and co-workers [4] reported that virtually all of the cells that stain for MHC class II in the airways of pathogen-free rats are DC.
TextSentencer_T110 17557-17694 Sentence denotes Holt and co-workers [4] reported that virtually all of the cells that stain for MHC class II in the airways of pathogen-free rats are DC.
TextSentencer_T110 17557-17694 Sentence denotes Holt and co-workers [4] reported that virtually all of the cells that stain for MHC class II in the airways of pathogen-free rats are DC.
TextSentencer_T111 17695-17893 Sentence denotes In addition, OX6-positive cells, which are most abundant at the base of the epithelium, can be distinguished from ED2-positive tissue macrophages, which are most numerous deeper in the mucosa [18] .
TextSentencer_T111 17695-17893 Sentence denotes In addition, OX6-positive cells, which are most abundant at the base of the epithelium, can be distinguished from ED2-positive tissue macrophages, which are most numerous deeper in the mucosa [18] .
TextSentencer_T111 17695-17893 Sentence denotes In addition, OX6-positive cells, which are most abundant at the base of the epithelium, can be distinguished from ED2-positive tissue macrophages, which are most numerous deeper in the mucosa [18] .
TextSentencer_T112 17894-18078 Sentence denotes Although tissue macrophages in pathogen-free rats may have cytoplasmic processes, they typically do not express MHC class II determinants in the absence of antigenic stimulation [29] .
TextSentencer_T112 17894-18078 Sentence denotes Although tissue macrophages in pathogen-free rats may have cytoplasmic processes, they typically do not express MHC class II determinants in the absence of antigenic stimulation [29] .
TextSentencer_T112 17894-18078 Sentence denotes Although tissue macrophages in pathogen-free rats may have cytoplasmic processes, they typically do not express MHC class II determinants in the absence of antigenic stimulation [29] .
TextSentencer_T113 18079-18108 Sentence denotes M. pulmonis-infected animals.
TextSentencer_T113 18079-18108 Sentence denotes M. pulmonis-infected animals.
TextSentencer_T113 18079-18108 Sentence denotes M. pulmonis-infected animals.
TextSentencer_T114 18109-18269 Sentence denotes The phenotypic distinction between DC and other cell types blurs after mycoplasmal infection, when multiple cell types express MHC class II molecules [30, 31] .
TextSentencer_T114 18109-18269 Sentence denotes The phenotypic distinction between DC and other cell types blurs after mycoplasmal infection, when multiple cell types express MHC class II molecules [30, 31] .
TextSentencer_T114 18109-18269 Sentence denotes The phenotypic distinction between DC and other cell types blurs after mycoplasmal infection, when multiple cell types express MHC class II molecules [30, 31] .
TextSentencer_T115 18270-18511 Sentence denotes The characteristic branched morphology of DC in pathogen-free rats was no longer present in the OX6-positive cell population 1 week after infection and could, therefore, not be used to distinguish DC from other MHC class II expressing cells.
TextSentencer_T115 18270-18511 Sentence denotes The characteristic branched morphology of DC in pathogen-free rats was no longer present in the OX6-positive cell population 1 week after infection and could, therefore, not be used to distinguish DC from other MHC class II expressing cells.
TextSentencer_T115 18270-18511 Sentence denotes The characteristic branched morphology of DC in pathogen-free rats was no longer present in the OX6-positive cell population 1 week after infection and could, therefore, not be used to distinguish DC from other MHC class II expressing cells.
TextSentencer_T116 18512-18677 Sentence denotes Accordingly, some OX6-positive cells observed after infection may represent activated macrophages or B lymphocytes that have infiltrated the airway mucosa [15, 31] .
TextSentencer_T116 18512-18677 Sentence denotes Accordingly, some OX6-positive cells observed after infection may represent activated macrophages or B lymphocytes that have infiltrated the airway mucosa [15, 31] .
TextSentencer_T116 18512-18677 Sentence denotes Accordingly, some OX6-positive cells observed after infection may represent activated macrophages or B lymphocytes that have infiltrated the airway mucosa [15, 31] .
TextSentencer_T117 18678-18823 Sentence denotes The exact proportion of DC relative to other MHC class II expressing cells cannot be definitively determined without using multiple cell markers.
TextSentencer_T117 18678-18823 Sentence denotes The exact proportion of DC relative to other MHC class II expressing cells cannot be definitively determined without using multiple cell markers.
TextSentencer_T117 18678-18823 Sentence denotes The exact proportion of DC relative to other MHC class II expressing cells cannot be definitively determined without using multiple cell markers.
TextSentencer_T118 18824-18906 Sentence denotes For example, activated B-cells could be identified by using OX12 as a marker [8] .
TextSentencer_T118 18824-18906 Sentence denotes For example, activated B-cells could be identified by using OX12 as a marker [8] .
TextSentencer_T118 18824-18906 Sentence denotes For example, activated B-cells could be identified by using OX12 as a marker [8] .
TextSentencer_T119 18907-19186 Sentence denotes However, it is unlikely that activated macrophages make a major contribution to the OX6-positive cell population, because in infected ani-mals they acquire a distinctive distribution around angiogenic blood vessels, quite different from the pattern of OX6 immunoreactivity [18] .
TextSentencer_T119 18907-19186 Sentence denotes However, it is unlikely that activated macrophages make a major contribution to the OX6-positive cell population, because in infected ani-mals they acquire a distinctive distribution around angiogenic blood vessels, quite different from the pattern of OX6 immunoreactivity [18] .
TextSentencer_T119 18907-19186 Sentence denotes However, it is unlikely that activated macrophages make a major contribution to the OX6-positive cell population, because in infected ani-mals they acquire a distinctive distribution around angiogenic blood vessels, quite different from the pattern of OX6 immunoreactivity [18] .
TextSentencer_T120 19187-19389 Sentence denotes In rats exposed to heat-killed M. catarrhalis, ''small, round, intensely class II positive cells'' migrate to the airway epithelium and reach a maximal density of approximately three times normal [32] .
TextSentencer_T120 19187-19389 Sentence denotes In rats exposed to heat-killed M. catarrhalis, ''small, round, intensely class II positive cells'' migrate to the airway epithelium and reach a maximal density of approximately three times normal [32] .
TextSentencer_T120 19187-19389 Sentence denotes In rats exposed to heat-killed M. catarrhalis, ''small, round, intensely class II positive cells'' migrate to the airway epithelium and reach a maximal density of approximately three times normal [32] .
TextSentencer_T121 19390-19618 Sentence denotes In sections of airway epithelium stained for OX6 immunoreactivity, class II-positive cells become pleomorphic about 8 h after challenge with M. catarrhalis and by 24 h develop into mature DC with highly branched processes [32] .
TextSentencer_T121 19390-19618 Sentence denotes In sections of airway epithelium stained for OX6 immunoreactivity, class II-positive cells become pleomorphic about 8 h after challenge with M. catarrhalis and by 24 h develop into mature DC with highly branched processes [32] .
TextSentencer_T121 19390-19618 Sentence denotes In sections of airway epithelium stained for OX6 immunoreactivity, class II-positive cells become pleomorphic about 8 h after challenge with M. catarrhalis and by 24 h develop into mature DC with highly branched processes [32] .
TextSentencer_T122 19619-19805 Sentence denotes Rounded DC precursors are not seen in control animals, and their transformation from rounded to stellate phenotype is most likely explained by local factors affecting DC maturation [5] .
TextSentencer_T122 19619-19805 Sentence denotes Rounded DC precursors are not seen in control animals, and their transformation from rounded to stellate phenotype is most likely explained by local factors affecting DC maturation [5] .
TextSentencer_T122 19619-19805 Sentence denotes Rounded DC precursors are not seen in control animals, and their transformation from rounded to stellate phenotype is most likely explained by local factors affecting DC maturation [5] .
TextSentencer_T123 19806-19947 Sentence denotes In our experiments, OX6-positive cells with a rounded phenotype accumulated in the airways during the first week after M. pulmonis infection.
TextSentencer_T123 19806-19947 Sentence denotes In our experiments, OX6-positive cells with a rounded phenotype accumulated in the airways during the first week after M. pulmonis infection.
TextSentencer_T123 19806-19947 Sentence denotes In our experiments, OX6-positive cells with a rounded phenotype accumulated in the airways during the first week after M. pulmonis infection.
TextSentencer_T124 19948-20074 Sentence denotes Perhaps the transformation from stellate to rounded phenotype reflects changes in DC maturation, differentiation, or motility.
TextSentencer_T124 19948-20074 Sentence denotes Perhaps the transformation from stellate to rounded phenotype reflects changes in DC maturation, differentiation, or motility.
TextSentencer_T124 19948-20074 Sentence denotes Perhaps the transformation from stellate to rounded phenotype reflects changes in DC maturation, differentiation, or motility.
TextSentencer_T125 20075-20236 Sentence denotes Alternatively, the apparent change in DC phenotype may represent the gradual replacement of stellate DC by rounded MHC class II expressing cells such as B-cells.
TextSentencer_T125 20075-20236 Sentence denotes Alternatively, the apparent change in DC phenotype may represent the gradual replacement of stellate DC by rounded MHC class II expressing cells such as B-cells.
TextSentencer_T125 20075-20236 Sentence denotes Alternatively, the apparent change in DC phenotype may represent the gradual replacement of stellate DC by rounded MHC class II expressing cells such as B-cells.
TextSentencer_T126 20237-20380 Sentence denotes The number of OX6-positive cells remained fairly constant during the first 4 days after M. pulmonis infection and then increased significantly.
TextSentencer_T126 20237-20380 Sentence denotes The number of OX6-positive cells remained fairly constant during the first 4 days after M. pulmonis infection and then increased significantly.
TextSentencer_T126 20237-20380 Sentence denotes The number of OX6-positive cells remained fairly constant during the first 4 days after M. pulmonis infection and then increased significantly.
TextSentencer_T127 20381-20501 Sentence denotes The number continued to increase along with the 10-fold increase in thickness of the tracheal mucosa evident at 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T127 20381-20501 Sentence denotes The number continued to increase along with the 10-fold increase in thickness of the tracheal mucosa evident at 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T127 20381-20501 Sentence denotes The number continued to increase along with the 10-fold increase in thickness of the tracheal mucosa evident at 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T128 20502-20673 Sentence denotes The accumulation of OX6-positive cells in the airway mucosa after M. pulmonis infection was accompanied by the accumulation of airway-associated lymphoid tissue [16, 17] .
TextSentencer_T128 20502-20673 Sentence denotes The accumulation of OX6-positive cells in the airway mucosa after M. pulmonis infection was accompanied by the accumulation of airway-associated lymphoid tissue [16, 17] .
TextSentencer_T128 20502-20673 Sentence denotes The accumulation of OX6-positive cells in the airway mucosa after M. pulmonis infection was accompanied by the accumulation of airway-associated lymphoid tissue [16, 17] .
TextSentencer_T129 20674-20870 Sentence denotes Changes in the number of OX6-positive cells after intranasal inoculation of M. pulmonis differed both in onset and duration from what has been found after exposure to other bacteria or to viruses.
TextSentencer_T129 20674-20870 Sentence denotes Changes in the number of OX6-positive cells after intranasal inoculation of M. pulmonis differed both in onset and duration from what has been found after exposure to other bacteria or to viruses.
TextSentencer_T129 20674-20870 Sentence denotes Changes in the number of OX6-positive cells after intranasal inoculation of M. pulmonis differed both in onset and duration from what has been found after exposure to other bacteria or to viruses.
TextSentencer_T130 20871-20965 Sentence denotes Exposure to aerosolized bacteria can increase the number of OX6positive DC within 1 h [5, 6] .
TextSentencer_T130 20871-20965 Sentence denotes Exposure to aerosolized bacteria can increase the number of OX6positive DC within 1 h [5, 6] .
TextSentencer_T130 20871-20965 Sentence denotes Exposure to aerosolized bacteria can increase the number of OX6positive DC within 1 h [5, 6] .
TextSentencer_T131 20966-21201 Sentence denotes By contrast, the kinetics and time course of OX6-positive cell recruitment seen with M. pulmonis infection is closer to the response demonstrated by Sendai virus infection, which peaks at 3-5 days and remains elevated for 2 weeks [8] .
TextSentencer_T131 20966-21201 Sentence denotes By contrast, the kinetics and time course of OX6-positive cell recruitment seen with M. pulmonis infection is closer to the response demonstrated by Sendai virus infection, which peaks at 3-5 days and remains elevated for 2 weeks [8] .
TextSentencer_T131 20966-21201 Sentence denotes By contrast, the kinetics and time course of OX6-positive cell recruitment seen with M. pulmonis infection is closer to the response demonstrated by Sendai virus infection, which peaks at 3-5 days and remains elevated for 2 weeks [8] .
TextSentencer_T132 21202-21404 Sentence denotes Similarly, in rats exposed to heat-killed bacillus Calmette-Gu e erin, numerous OX6-positive DC accumulate at the borders of pulmonary granulomas, peaking at 2 weeks and then gradually decreasing [33] .
TextSentencer_T132 21202-21404 Sentence denotes Similarly, in rats exposed to heat-killed bacillus Calmette-Gu e erin, numerous OX6-positive DC accumulate at the borders of pulmonary granulomas, peaking at 2 weeks and then gradually decreasing [33] .
TextSentencer_T132 21202-21404 Sentence denotes Similarly, in rats exposed to heat-killed bacillus Calmette-Gu e erin, numerous OX6-positive DC accumulate at the borders of pulmonary granulomas, peaking at 2 weeks and then gradually decreasing [33] .
TextSentencer_T133 21405-21608 Sentence denotes The strong OX6 immunoreactivity of columnar epithelial cells that developed after M. pulmonis infection is consistent with the establishment of persistent infection and the corresponding immune response.
TextSentencer_T133 21405-21608 Sentence denotes The strong OX6 immunoreactivity of columnar epithelial cells that developed after M. pulmonis infection is consistent with the establishment of persistent infection and the corresponding immune response.
TextSentencer_T133 21405-21608 Sentence denotes The strong OX6 immunoreactivity of columnar epithelial cells that developed after M. pulmonis infection is consistent with the establishment of persistent infection and the corresponding immune response.
TextSentencer_T134 21609-21703 Sentence denotes In pathogenfree rats, some basal cells had faint staining but other epithelial cells had none.
TextSentencer_T134 21609-21703 Sentence denotes In pathogenfree rats, some basal cells had faint staining but other epithelial cells had none.
TextSentencer_T134 21609-21703 Sentence denotes In pathogenfree rats, some basal cells had faint staining but other epithelial cells had none.
TextSentencer_T135 21704-21893 Sentence denotes After infection, immunoreactivity was detectable in scattered columnar epithelial cells at 2 days, was strong and fairly uniform at 1 week, and was still strong and uniform through 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T135 21704-21893 Sentence denotes After infection, immunoreactivity was detectable in scattered columnar epithelial cells at 2 days, was strong and fairly uniform at 1 week, and was still strong and uniform through 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T135 21704-21893 Sentence denotes After infection, immunoreactivity was detectable in scattered columnar epithelial cells at 2 days, was strong and fairly uniform at 1 week, and was still strong and uniform through 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T136 21894-22025 Sentence denotes The upregulation of MHC class II determinants by airway epithelial cells has also been observed during Sendai virus infection [8] .
TextSentencer_T136 21894-22025 Sentence denotes The upregulation of MHC class II determinants by airway epithelial cells has also been observed during Sendai virus infection [8] .
TextSentencer_T136 21894-22025 Sentence denotes The upregulation of MHC class II determinants by airway epithelial cells has also been observed during Sendai virus infection [8] .
TextSentencer_T137 22026-22164 Sentence denotes Additionally, OX6 immunoreactivity has been reported in other types of epithelial cells after exposure to endotoxin or IFN-c [9, 10, 34] .
TextSentencer_T137 22026-22164 Sentence denotes Additionally, OX6 immunoreactivity has been reported in other types of epithelial cells after exposure to endotoxin or IFN-c [9, 10, 34] .
TextSentencer_T137 22026-22164 Sentence denotes Additionally, OX6 immunoreactivity has been reported in other types of epithelial cells after exposure to endotoxin or IFN-c [9, 10, 34] .
TextSentencer_T138 22165-22340 Sentence denotes It is not clear whether the M. pulmonis organisms themselves or perhaps their ability to stimulate IFN-c production is driving the MHC class II expression by epithelial cells.
TextSentencer_T138 22165-22340 Sentence denotes It is not clear whether the M. pulmonis organisms themselves or perhaps their ability to stimulate IFN-c production is driving the MHC class II expression by epithelial cells.
TextSentencer_T138 22165-22340 Sentence denotes It is not clear whether the M. pulmonis organisms themselves or perhaps their ability to stimulate IFN-c production is driving the MHC class II expression by epithelial cells.
TextSentencer_T139 22341-22499 Sentence denotes The granular immunoreactivity of epithelial cells resembles MHC-rich vacuoles in DC [35] [36] [37] , where internalized antigen associates with MHC molecules.
TextSentencer_T139 22341-22499 Sentence denotes The granular immunoreactivity of epithelial cells resembles MHC-rich vacuoles in DC [35] [36] [37] , where internalized antigen associates with MHC molecules.
TextSentencer_T139 22341-22499 Sentence denotes The granular immunoreactivity of epithelial cells resembles MHC-rich vacuoles in DC [35] [36] [37] , where internalized antigen associates with MHC molecules.
TextSentencer_T140 22500-22655 Sentence denotes M. pulmonis infection provides a potent immunologic stimulus that augments and transforms the MHC class II-expressing cell population of the airway mucosa.
TextSentencer_T140 22500-22655 Sentence denotes M. pulmonis infection provides a potent immunologic stimulus that augments and transforms the MHC class II-expressing cell population of the airway mucosa.
TextSentencer_T140 22500-22655 Sentence denotes M. pulmonis infection provides a potent immunologic stimulus that augments and transforms the MHC class II-expressing cell population of the airway mucosa.
TextSentencer_T141 22656-22855 Sentence denotes MHC class II-expressing cells become much more abundant in the mucosa during the first four weeks after infection, and concurrently, columnar epithelial cells begin to express MHC class II molecules.
TextSentencer_T141 22656-22855 Sentence denotes MHC class II-expressing cells become much more abundant in the mucosa during the first four weeks after infection, and concurrently, columnar epithelial cells begin to express MHC class II molecules.
TextSentencer_T141 22656-22855 Sentence denotes MHC class II-expressing cells become much more abundant in the mucosa during the first four weeks after infection, and concurrently, columnar epithelial cells begin to express MHC class II molecules.
TextSentencer_T142 22856-23046 Sentence denotes The rounding of OX6-positive cells after infection suggests that existing DC change shape during maturation or differentiation or are replaced by OX6-positive cells with a rounded phenotype.
TextSentencer_T142 22856-23046 Sentence denotes The rounding of OX6-positive cells after infection suggests that existing DC change shape during maturation or differentiation or are replaced by OX6-positive cells with a rounded phenotype.
TextSentencer_T142 22856-23046 Sentence denotes The rounding of OX6-positive cells after infection suggests that existing DC change shape during maturation or differentiation or are replaced by OX6-positive cells with a rounded phenotype.
TextSentencer_T143 23047-23263 Sentence denotes Changes in the OX6-positive cell population probably reflect the activation of an adaptive immune response and may play a role in the progression to chronic disease by persistently stimulating T lymphocyte responses.
TextSentencer_T143 23047-23263 Sentence denotes Changes in the OX6-positive cell population probably reflect the activation of an adaptive immune response and may play a role in the progression to chronic disease by persistently stimulating T lymphocyte responses.
TextSentencer_T143 23047-23263 Sentence denotes Changes in the OX6-positive cell population probably reflect the activation of an adaptive immune response and may play a role in the progression to chronic disease by persistently stimulating T lymphocyte responses.