CORD-19-Sentences  

CORD-19:35349bb1fc9290338907b7d7f104c9db3951163b JSONTXT 8 Projects

Annnotations TAB TSV DIC JSON TextAE

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
TextSentencer_T1 0-497 Sentence denotes ABSTRACTS C01 Pharmacodynamics of Entresto® (Sacubitril/Valsartan) Versus Placebo in Dogs with Preclinical Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease C02 Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and its Precursors in Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease Comparison Between the Effects of Torsemide and Furosemide on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System of Normal Dogs C04 Transvenous Echocardiography in Conscious Sedated Horses C06 Complications and Outcomes of Multi-Institution Transvenous Pacemaker Implantation
T89246 0-497 Sentence denotes ABSTRACTS C01 Pharmacodynamics of Entresto® (Sacubitril/Valsartan) Versus Placebo in Dogs with Preclinical Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease C02 Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and its Precursors in Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease Comparison Between the Effects of Torsemide and Furosemide on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System of Normal Dogs C04 Transvenous Echocardiography in Conscious Sedated Horses C06 Complications and Outcomes of Multi-Institution Transvenous Pacemaker Implantation
TextSentencer_T2 499-507 Sentence denotes Abstract
T930 499-507 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T3 508-699 Sentence denotes Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are standard of care for treatment of congestive heart failure, but aldosterone breakthrough occurs when ACEi are used in both dogs and humans.
T15907 508-699 Sentence denotes Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are standard of care for treatment of congestive heart failure, but aldosterone breakthrough occurs when ACEi are used in both dogs and humans.
TextSentencer_T4 700-878 Sentence denotes Entresto®, a combinational angiotensin-receptor blocker/neprilysin inhibitor, showed superiority in reducing mortality in human patients with heart failure compared to enalapril.
T44569 700-878 Sentence denotes Entresto®, a combinational angiotensin-receptor blocker/neprilysin inhibitor, showed superiority in reducing mortality in human patients with heart failure compared to enalapril.
TextSentencer_T5 879-1055 Sentence denotes Pharmacodynamics of Entresto® have been evaluated in healthy dogs, showing efficacy in altering the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) without causing adverse effects.
T17786 879-1055 Sentence denotes Pharmacodynamics of Entresto® have been evaluated in healthy dogs, showing efficacy in altering the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) without causing adverse effects.
TextSentencer_T6 1056-1339 Sentence denotes The aim of this prospective, blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study was to compare the pharmacodynamic effects of Entresto® to placebo in dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and to evaluate the safety profile of Entresto® in dogs with cardiac disease.
T97188 1056-1339 Sentence denotes The aim of this prospective, blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study was to compare the pharmacodynamic effects of Entresto® to placebo in dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and to evaluate the safety profile of Entresto® in dogs with cardiac disease.
TextSentencer_T7 1340-1414 Sentence denotes Client-owned dogs weighing 4-15 kg with ACVIM Stage B2 MMVD were enrolled.
T87394 1340-1414 Sentence denotes Client-owned dogs weighing 4-15 kg with ACVIM Stage B2 MMVD were enrolled.
TextSentencer_T8 1415-1564 Sentence denotes Dogs with clinically significant pulmonary hypertension or systemic disease were excluded, as were dogs on any medication(s) known to alter the RAAS.
T46018 1415-1564 Sentence denotes Dogs with clinically significant pulmonary hypertension or systemic disease were excluded, as were dogs on any medication(s) known to alter the RAAS.
TextSentencer_T9 1565-1622 Sentence denotes All dogs received pimobendan throughout the study period.
T17926 1565-1622 Sentence denotes All dogs received pimobendan throughout the study period.
TextSentencer_T10 1623-1698 Sentence denotes Each patient was evaluated at three time points (Day 0, Day 7, and Day 30).
T32424 1623-1698 Sentence denotes Each patient was evaluated at three time points (Day 0, Day 7, and Day 30).
TextSentencer_T11 1699-1989 Sentence denotes Echocardiography, thoracic radiographs (CXR), Doppler systemic arterial pressure (SAP), complete blood count, serum biochemical profile, plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration, and urinary aldosterone to creatinine ratio (UAldo:C) were evaluated on Day 0.
T94715 1699-1989 Sentence denotes Echocardiography, thoracic radiographs (CXR), Doppler systemic arterial pressure (SAP), complete blood count, serum biochemical profile, plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration, and urinary aldosterone to creatinine ratio (UAldo:C) were evaluated on Day 0.
TextSentencer_T12 1990-2126 Sentence denotes On Day 0, each dog was randomly allocated to a treatment group (Entresto®; 20 mg/kg BID) or a placebo group by the attending pharmacist.
T10550 1990-2126 Sentence denotes On Day 0, each dog was randomly allocated to a treatment group (Entresto®; 20 mg/kg BID) or a placebo group by the attending pharmacist.
TextSentencer_T13 2127-2203 Sentence denotes Investigators, veterinary technicians, and owners were blinded to treatment.
T33022 2127-2203 Sentence denotes Investigators, veterinary technicians, and owners were blinded to treatment.
TextSentencer_T14 2204-2286 Sentence denotes Serum renal enzyme and electrolyte concentrations and SAP were rechecked on Day 7.
T16080 2204-2286 Sentence denotes Serum renal enzyme and electrolyte concentrations and SAP were rechecked on Day 7.
TextSentencer_T15 2287-2397 Sentence denotes Echocardiography, CXR, SAP, renal panel, plasma NT-proBNP concentration, and UAldo:C were rechecked on Day 30.
T32013 2287-2397 Sentence denotes Echocardiography, CXR, SAP, renal panel, plasma NT-proBNP concentration, and UAldo:C were rechecked on Day 30.
TextSentencer_T16 2398-2427 Sentence denotes Thirteen dogs were recruited:
T23078 2398-2427 Sentence denotes Thirteen dogs were recruited:
TextSentencer_T17 2428-2466 Sentence denotes Entresto® (n = 7) and placebo (n = 6).
T41693 2428-2466 Sentence denotes Entresto® (n = 7) and placebo (n = 6).
TextSentencer_T18 2467-2635 Sentence denotes The median percent increase in UAldo:C between Day 0 and Day 30 was significantly lower in the Entresto® group (12%; P = 0.032) as compared to the placebo group (195%).
T73999 2467-2635 Sentence denotes The median percent increase in UAldo:C between Day 0 and Day 30 was significantly lower in the Entresto® group (12%; P = 0.032) as compared to the placebo group (195%).
TextSentencer_T19 2636-2770 Sentence denotes The median percent decrease of NT-proBNP concentration from Day 0 to Day 30 was not statistically different between groups (P = 0.68).
T79013 2636-2770 Sentence denotes The median percent decrease of NT-proBNP concentration from Day 0 to Day 30 was not statistically different between groups (P = 0.68).
TextSentencer_T20 2771-2906 Sentence denotes No statistical differences were seen in echocardiographic, CXR, SAP, or biochemical profiles measured at any time point between groups.
T79838 2771-2906 Sentence denotes No statistical differences were seen in echocardiographic, CXR, SAP, or biochemical profiles measured at any time point between groups.
TextSentencer_T21 2907-2975 Sentence denotes No adverse events were noted by the owners for dogs in either group.
T15365 2907-2975 Sentence denotes No adverse events were noted by the owners for dogs in either group.
TextSentencer_T22 2976-3106 Sentence denotes This study suggests that Entresto® efficiently inhibits RAAS in dogs with cardiomegaly secondary to MMVD in comparison to placebo.
T39762 2976-3106 Sentence denotes This study suggests that Entresto® efficiently inhibits RAAS in dogs with cardiomegaly secondary to MMVD in comparison to placebo.
TextSentencer_T23 3107-3191 Sentence denotes Entresto® is safe in regards to SAP and renal enzyme and electrolyte concentrations.
T13870 3107-3191 Sentence denotes Entresto® is safe in regards to SAP and renal enzyme and electrolyte concentrations.
TextSentencer_T24 3192-3250 Sentence denotes No adverse effects were noted in any dog taking Entresto®.
T51515 3192-3250 Sentence denotes No adverse effects were noted in any dog taking Entresto®.
TextSentencer_T25 3251-3425 Sentence denotes Future studies comparing Entresto® to ACEi, evaluating the concomitant use of diuretics and Entresto®, and evaluating longterm (> 30 days) effects of Entresto® are warranted.
T44491 3251-3425 Sentence denotes Future studies comparing Entresto® to ACEi, evaluating the concomitant use of diuretics and Entresto®, and evaluating longterm (> 30 days) effects of Entresto® are warranted.
TextSentencer_T26 3426-3605 Sentence denotes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), the oxidized product of trimethylamine, is produced by gastrointestinal microbiota from certain dietary nutrients including choline and L-carnitine.
T49225 3426-3605 Sentence denotes Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), the oxidized product of trimethylamine, is produced by gastrointestinal microbiota from certain dietary nutrients including choline and L-carnitine.
TextSentencer_T27 3606-3842 Sentence denotes Elevated plasma concentrations of TMAO, choline, and L-carnitine have been shown to be associated with the presence and severity of cardiovascular disease in people and are independent predictors of adverse cardiac events and mortality.
T45824 3606-3842 Sentence denotes Elevated plasma concentrations of TMAO, choline, and L-carnitine have been shown to be associated with the presence and severity of cardiovascular disease in people and are independent predictors of adverse cardiac events and mortality.
TextSentencer_T28 3843-4066 Sentence denotes This prospective study investigated whether there are differences in concentrations of circulating TMAO, choline, or L-carnitine in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) compared to healthy controls (Controls).
T74786 3843-4066 Sentence denotes This prospective study investigated whether there are differences in concentrations of circulating TMAO, choline, or L-carnitine in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) compared to healthy controls (Controls).
TextSentencer_T29 4067-4202 Sentence denotes Thirty client-owned dogs were recruited, including 10 dogs with CHF secondary to DMVD, 10 dogs with asymptomatic DMVD, and 10 Controls.
T19652 4067-4202 Sentence denotes Thirty client-owned dogs were recruited, including 10 dogs with CHF secondary to DMVD, 10 dogs with asymptomatic DMVD, and 10 Controls.
TextSentencer_T30 4203-4325 Sentence denotes Echocardiography was performed, and fasting plasma concentrations of TMAO, choline, and carnitine fractions were measured.
T76857 4203-4325 Sentence denotes Echocardiography was performed, and fasting plasma concentrations of TMAO, choline, and carnitine fractions were measured.
TextSentencer_T31 4326-4404 Sentence denotes Data were compared among the three groups using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests.
T6758 4326-4404 Sentence denotes Data were compared among the three groups using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests.
TextSentencer_T32 4405-4620 Sentence denotes Trimethylamine N-oxide (P = 0.034), total L-carnitine (P = 0.034), carnitine esters, and carnitine esters to free carnitine ratio (E/F ratio) were significantly higher in dogs with CHF compared to asymptomatic DMVD.
T51467 4405-4620 Sentence denotes Trimethylamine N-oxide (P = 0.034), total L-carnitine (P = 0.034), carnitine esters, and carnitine esters to free carnitine ratio (E/F ratio) were significantly higher in dogs with CHF compared to asymptomatic DMVD.
TextSentencer_T33 4621-4821 Sentence denotes Trimethylamine N-oxide (P = 0.022), choline (P = 0.011), total L-carnitine (P = 0.011), carnitine esters, free carnitine, and E/F ratio were significantly higher in dogs with CHF compared to Controls.
T87415 4621-4821 Sentence denotes Trimethylamine N-oxide (P = 0.022), choline (P = 0.011), total L-carnitine (P = 0.011), carnitine esters, free carnitine, and E/F ratio were significantly higher in dogs with CHF compared to Controls.
TextSentencer_T34 4822-4895 Sentence denotes No differences were detected between asymptomatic DMVD dogs and Controls.
T19260 4822-4895 Sentence denotes No differences were detected between asymptomatic DMVD dogs and Controls.
TextSentencer_T35 4896-5006 Sentence denotes Dogs with DMVD and CHF had higher concentrations of TMAO compared to both asymptomatic DMVD dogs and Controls.
T84031 4896-5006 Sentence denotes Dogs with DMVD and CHF had higher concentrations of TMAO compared to both asymptomatic DMVD dogs and Controls.
TextSentencer_T36 5007-5211 Sentence denotes Prospective studies are warranted to determine if TMAO concentrations can be altered with dietary or gut microflora modification, and whether altering TMAO concentrations could impact disease progression.
T58667 5007-5211 Sentence denotes Prospective studies are warranted to determine if TMAO concentrations can be altered with dietary or gut microflora modification, and whether altering TMAO concentrations could impact disease progression.
TextSentencer_T37 5212-5346 Sentence denotes Loop diuretics provide symptomatic relief for congestive heart failure, yet stimulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).
T73655 5212-5346 Sentence denotes Loop diuretics provide symptomatic relief for congestive heart failure, yet stimulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).
TextSentencer_T38 5347-5535 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that the two potent loop diuretics, torsemide and furosemide, at approximately equipotent dosages (similar diuresis), would have comparable effects on the circulating RAAS.
T32408 5347-5535 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that the two potent loop diuretics, torsemide and furosemide, at approximately equipotent dosages (similar diuresis), would have comparable effects on the circulating RAAS.
TextSentencer_T39 5536-5789 Sentence denotes Six, healthy, middle-aged, male beagles were randomized to receive torsemide (0.1mg/kg PO q12h), furosemide (2.0mg/kg PO q12h), or placebo for 10 days during 3 separate experiments, in a crossover design with a 10-day washout period between experiments.
T30712 5536-5789 Sentence denotes Six, healthy, middle-aged, male beagles were randomized to receive torsemide (0.1mg/kg PO q12h), furosemide (2.0mg/kg PO q12h), or placebo for 10 days during 3 separate experiments, in a crossover design with a 10-day washout period between experiments.
TextSentencer_T40 5790-5886 Sentence denotes Blood was collected on days 1, 5, and 9 and 24-hour urine collection ended on days 2, 6, and 10.
T49967 5790-5886 Sentence denotes Blood was collected on days 1, 5, and 9 and 24-hour urine collection ended on days 2, 6, and 10.
TextSentencer_T41 5887-6032 Sentence denotes After repeated measures analysis and Bonferonni correction, variables with an adjusted P < 0.05 were investigated further, using Tukey';s method.
T29939 5887-6032 Sentence denotes After repeated measures analysis and Bonferonni correction, variables with an adjusted P < 0.05 were investigated further, using Tukey';s method.
TextSentencer_T42 6033-6190 Sentence denotes Twenty-four hour urine production differed significantly between the diuretics only on day 10, with torsemide causing a 38% greater diuresis than furosemide.
T14813 6033-6190 Sentence denotes Twenty-four hour urine production differed significantly between the diuretics only on day 10, with torsemide causing a 38% greater diuresis than furosemide.
TextSentencer_T43 6191-6263 Sentence denotes There was, however, no significant difference in average 3-day diuresis.
T63527 6191-6263 Sentence denotes There was, however, no significant difference in average 3-day diuresis.
TextSentencer_T44 6264-6434 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences between diuretics in the 24-hour urinary excretion of Na + , Cl -, or K + , though furosemide caused less kaliuresis than torsemide.
T66620 6264-6434 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences between diuretics in the 24-hour urinary excretion of Na + , Cl -, or K + , though furosemide caused less kaliuresis than torsemide.
TextSentencer_T45 6435-6623 Sentence denotes Serum renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone and the urine aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio were significantly increased in the diuretic groups, as compared to placebo on days 5/6 and 9/10.
T3421 6435-6623 Sentence denotes Serum renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone and the urine aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio were significantly increased in the diuretic groups, as compared to placebo on days 5/6 and 9/10.
TextSentencer_T46 6624-6700 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences in these parameters between diuretics.
T6031 6624-6700 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences in these parameters between diuretics.
TextSentencer_T47 6701-6826 Sentence denotes Creatinine and BUN concentrations rose comparably in the 2 diuretic groups, remaining within reference intervals in all dogs.
T57121 6701-6826 Sentence denotes Creatinine and BUN concentrations rose comparably in the 2 diuretic groups, remaining within reference intervals in all dogs.
TextSentencer_T48 6827-6932 Sentence denotes At approximately equipotent dosages (20:1), torsemide and furosemide produced comparable RAAS activation.
T74951 6827-6932 Sentence denotes At approximately equipotent dosages (20:1), torsemide and furosemide produced comparable RAAS activation.
TextSentencer_T49 6933-7076 Sentence denotes This, and torsemide';s greater kaliuretic effect decrease support for torsemide';s hypothesized mineralocorticoid-receptor blocking capability.
T22412 6933-7076 Sentence denotes This, and torsemide';s greater kaliuretic effect decrease support for torsemide';s hypothesized mineralocorticoid-receptor blocking capability.
TextSentencer_T50 7077-7236 Sentence denotes Transvenous pacemaker implantation is the definitive treatment for pathologic bradyarrhythmias, though reported complication rates have historically been high.
T6058 7077-7236 Sentence denotes Transvenous pacemaker implantation is the definitive treatment for pathologic bradyarrhythmias, though reported complication rates have historically been high.
TextSentencer_T51 7237-7470 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to determine survival times and complication rates for dogs who underwent transve-Atenolol is a β 1 -receptor antagonist commonly prescribed in cats affected with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
T44988 7237-7470 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to determine survival times and complication rates for dogs who underwent transve-Atenolol is a β 1 -receptor antagonist commonly prescribed in cats affected with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
TextSentencer_T52 7471-7532 Sentence denotes The traditional oral dose is 6.25 to 12.5 mg per cat q12-24h.
T83837 7471-7532 Sentence denotes The traditional oral dose is 6.25 to 12.5 mg per cat q12-24h.
TextSentencer_T53 7533-7663 Sentence denotes The oral tablet is highly bioavailable (90 ± 9%) with peak atenolol concentration occurring 1-2 hours post administration in cats.
T26514 7533-7663 Sentence denotes The oral tablet is highly bioavailable (90 ± 9%) with peak atenolol concentration occurring 1-2 hours post administration in cats.
TextSentencer_T54 7664-7879 Sentence denotes However results from several studies indicate owner compliance may be poor with long-term oral treatment, and feline disposition can present specific challenges to owners with chronic oral medication administration.
T43556 7664-7879 Sentence denotes However results from several studies indicate owner compliance may be poor with long-term oral treatment, and feline disposition can present specific challenges to owners with chronic oral medication administration.
TextSentencer_T55 7880-7888 Sentence denotes Previous
T7133 7880-7888 Sentence denotes Previous
TextSentencer_T56 7890-8140 Sentence denotes The objective was to assess the diagnostic utility and feasibility of using a 3-10MHz, 8 French, 90cm intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) catheter (Acuson AcuNav®) to evaluate cardiac structures and function in conscious horses sedated with xylazine.
T87501 7890-8140 Sentence denotes The objective was to assess the diagnostic utility and feasibility of using a 3-10MHz, 8 French, 90cm intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) catheter (Acuson AcuNav®) to evaluate cardiac structures and function in conscious horses sedated with xylazine.
TextSentencer_T57 8141-8360 Sentence denotes Ten apparently healthy horses (458-619kg) from the Texas A&M uni- The procedure was well tolerated with only mild, intermittent ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias that resolved with ICE catheter repositioning.
T88811 8141-8360 Sentence denotes Ten apparently healthy horses (458-619kg) from the Texas A&M uni- The procedure was well tolerated with only mild, intermittent ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias that resolved with ICE catheter repositioning.
TextSentencer_T58 8361-8497 Sentence denotes We conclude that ICE is feasible, safe, and allows for acquisition of repeatable diagnostic imaging planes in conscious, sedated horses.
T84192 8361-8497 Sentence denotes We conclude that ICE is feasible, safe, and allows for acquisition of repeatable diagnostic imaging planes in conscious, sedated horses.
TextSentencer_T59 8498-8632 Sentence denotes It could potentially be useful in clinical situations where TTE may be technically difficult to perform or poorly tolerated in horses.
T83988 8498-8632 Sentence denotes It could potentially be useful in clinical situations where TTE may be technically difficult to perform or poorly tolerated in horses.
TextSentencer_T60 8633-8641 Sentence denotes Julia R.
T18711 8633-8641 Sentence denotes Julia R.
TextSentencer_T61 8642-8661 Sentence denotes Treseder, Nicole L.
T87674 8642-8661 Sentence denotes Treseder, Nicole L.
TextSentencer_T62 8662-8683 Sentence denotes LeBlanc, Katherine F.
T26136 8662-8683 Sentence denotes LeBlanc, Katherine F.
TextSentencer_T63 8684-8865 Sentence denotes Scollan Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA Sotalol is a class III anti-arrhythmic drug that is commonly prescribed in the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in dogs.
T93354 8684-8865 Sentence denotes Scollan Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA Sotalol is a class III anti-arrhythmic drug that is commonly prescribed in the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in dogs.
TextSentencer_T64 8866-9077 Sentence denotes The antiarrhythmic effects of sotalol are mediated by an increase in action potential duration and prolongation of atrial and ventricular repolarization via antagonism of the delayed rectifier potassium current.
T29502 8866-9077 Sentence denotes The antiarrhythmic effects of sotalol are mediated by an increase in action potential duration and prolongation of atrial and ventricular repolarization via antagonism of the delayed rectifier potassium current.
TextSentencer_T65 9078-9169 Sentence denotes These effects have been demonstrated to be independent of sotalol';s ß-blocking properties.
T57501 9078-9169 Sentence denotes These effects have been demonstrated to be independent of sotalol';s ß-blocking properties.
TextSentencer_T66 9170-9286 Sentence denotes However, ß blockade may result in reduced myocardial contractility and also contribute to slowing of the sinus rate.
T8868 9170-9286 Sentence denotes However, ß blockade may result in reduced myocardial contractility and also contribute to slowing of the sinus rate.
TextSentencer_T67 9287-9462 Sentence denotes In patients with existing heart disease, a cardiodepressant drug effect may be clinically relevant, yet the inotropic properties of sotalol are not well-characterized in dogs.
T15464 9287-9462 Sentence denotes In patients with existing heart disease, a cardiodepressant drug effect may be clinically relevant, yet the inotropic properties of sotalol are not well-characterized in dogs.
TextSentencer_T68 9463-9577 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to investigate the inotropic and chronotropic effects of sotalol on healthy, awake dogs.
T33581 9463-9577 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to investigate the inotropic and chronotropic effects of sotalol on healthy, awake dogs.
TextSentencer_T69 9578-9713 Sentence denotes Ten adult, large-breed dogs were recruited from the veterinary community at the Oregon State University College of Veterinary Medicine.
T4403 9578-9713 Sentence denotes Ten adult, large-breed dogs were recruited from the veterinary community at the Oregon State University College of Veterinary Medicine.
TextSentencer_T70 9714-9882 Sentence denotes Dogs were considered healthy based on history, physical exam, oscillometric blood pressure measurement, transthoracic echocardiography, and a 10-lead electrocardiogram.
T1289 9714-9882 Sentence denotes Dogs were considered healthy based on history, physical exam, oscillometric blood pressure measurement, transthoracic echocardiography, and a 10-lead electrocardiogram.
TextSentencer_T71 9883-9945 Sentence denotes Each dog also had a baseline 24 hour Holter monitor performed.
T26883 9883-9945 Sentence denotes Each dog also had a baseline 24 hour Holter monitor performed.
TextSentencer_T72 9946-10096 Sentence denotes Sotalol at a dose of 1-2 mg/kg orally q12h was then administered for 12-16 days, followed by a second evaluation including the same diagnostics tests.
T98835 9946-10096 Sentence denotes Sotalol at a dose of 1-2 mg/kg orally q12h was then administered for 12-16 days, followed by a second evaluation including the same diagnostics tests.
TextSentencer_T73 10097-10306 Sentence denotes Physical exam parameters, blood pressure measurements, Holter data, echocardiographic measurements including three-dimensional (3D) left ventricular (LV) volumes and 3D strain were measured at each evaluation.
T57682 10097-10306 Sentence denotes Physical exam parameters, blood pressure measurements, Holter data, echocardiographic measurements including three-dimensional (3D) left ventricular (LV) volumes and 3D strain were measured at each evaluation.
TextSentencer_T74 10307-10519 Sentence denotes Baseline and post-treatment measurements were assessed for normality, and compared statistically with paired t-tests for normally distributed data and Wilcoxon signed rank tests for non-normally distributed data.
T85230 10307-10519 Sentence denotes Baseline and post-treatment measurements were assessed for normality, and compared statistically with paired t-tests for normally distributed data and Wilcoxon signed rank tests for non-normally distributed data.
TextSentencer_T75 10520-10557 Sentence denotes 3D data were available for 7/10 dogs.
T79878 10520-10557 Sentence denotes 3D data were available for 7/10 dogs.
TextSentencer_T76 10558-10606 Sentence denotes No correction was made for multiple comparisons.
T16691 10558-10606 Sentence denotes No correction was made for multiple comparisons.
TextSentencer_T77 10607-10743 Sentence denotes Ten dogs were included in the study, with a mean age of 3.4 years (range, 1.1-6.4 years) and mean weight of 26.1 kg (range, 21-35.8 kg).
T48884 10607-10743 Sentence denotes Ten dogs were included in the study, with a mean age of 3.4 years (range, 1.1-6.4 years) and mean weight of 26.1 kg (range, 21-35.8 kg).
TextSentencer_T78 10744-10801 Sentence denotes The mean sotalol dose administered was 1.56 ± 0.23 mg/kg.
T83990 10744-10801 Sentence denotes The mean sotalol dose administered was 1.56 ± 0.23 mg/kg.
TextSentencer_T79 10802-10920 Sentence denotes Heart rate on exam was significantly (p = 0.036) lower post-treatment (81 ± 23 bpm) than pre-treatment (101 ± 26 bpm).
T49475 10802-10920 Sentence denotes Heart rate on exam was significantly (p = 0.036) lower post-treatment (81 ± 23 bpm) than pre-treatment (101 ± 26 bpm).
TextSentencer_T80 10921-10942 Sentence denotes Maximum heart rate on
T20034 10921-10942 Sentence denotes Maximum heart rate on
TextSentencer_T81 10943-11057 Sentence denotes Holter monitor was also significantly (p = 0.002) lower on sotalol (195 ± 14 bpm) than at baseline (215 ± 13 bpm).
T6466 10943-11057 Sentence denotes Holter monitor was also significantly (p = 0.002) lower on sotalol (195 ± 14 bpm) than at baseline (215 ± 13 bpm).
TextSentencer_T82 11058-11147 Sentence denotes Several echocardiographic indices of systolic function were altered compared to baseline:
T14001 11058-11147 Sentence denotes Several echocardiographic indices of systolic function were altered compared to baseline:
TextSentencer_T83 11148-11469 Sentence denotes Fractional shortening (FS) using two-dimensional (2D) and M-mode (MM) measurements was significantly reduced on sotalol (2D 28.9%, interquartile range (IQR) 25.0-30.2; MM 24.9 ± 5.7%) compared to baseline (2D 30.7%, IQR 28.7-33.8; MM 32.5 ± 2.6%) with p = 0.010 and p = 0.004 for 2D and M-mode measurements, respectively.
T37077 11148-11469 Sentence denotes Fractional shortening (FS) using two-dimensional (2D) and M-mode (MM) measurements was significantly reduced on sotalol (2D 28.9%, interquartile range (IQR) 25.0-30.2; MM 24.9 ± 5.7%) compared to baseline (2D 30.7%, IQR 28.7-33.8; MM 32.5 ± 2.6%) with p = 0.010 and p = 0.004 for 2D and M-mode measurements, respectively.
TextSentencer_T84 11470-11629 Sentence denotes Similarly, ejection fraction (EF) via Simpson';s method of disks (SMOD) was significantly (p = 0.002) lower on sotalol (48 ± 6.8%) than baseline (53.8 ± 4.4%).
T12098 11470-11629 Sentence denotes Similarly, ejection fraction (EF) via Simpson';s method of disks (SMOD) was significantly (p = 0.002) lower on sotalol (48 ± 6.8%) than baseline (53.8 ± 4.4%).
TextSentencer_T85 11630-11798 Sentence denotes On sotalol, there was a 12.4 ± 8.2% increase in LV end-systolic dimension on 2D, and a 12.6 ± 12.4% increase on Mmode measurements (p = 0.001, p = 0.010, respectively).
T11289 11630-11798 Sentence denotes On sotalol, there was a 12.4 ± 8.2% increase in LV end-systolic dimension on 2D, and a 12.6 ± 12.4% increase on Mmode measurements (p = 0.001, p = 0.010, respectively).
TextSentencer_T86 11799-11943 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference in the 3D left ventricular volumes, nor in global longitudinal or circumferential strain, twist, or torsion.
T29804 11799-11943 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference in the 3D left ventricular volumes, nor in global longitudinal or circumferential strain, twist, or torsion.
TextSentencer_T87 11944-12055 Sentence denotes The results of this study suggest that sotalol has negative inotropic and chronotropic effects in healthy dogs.
T83806 11944-12055 Sentence denotes The results of this study suggest that sotalol has negative inotropic and chronotropic effects in healthy dogs.
TextSentencer_T88 12056-12239 Sentence denotes Standard echocardiographic measurements of systolic function showed a small but statistically significant decrease after sotalol treatment, with a mean reduction in EF (SMOD) of 5.8%.
T65710 12056-12239 Sentence denotes Standard echocardiographic measurements of systolic function showed a small but statistically significant decrease after sotalol treatment, with a mean reduction in EF (SMOD) of 5.8%.
TextSentencer_T89 12240-12353 Sentence denotes The lack of significance for 3D imaging may reflect the variability in 3D measurements and the small sample size.
T1406 12240-12353 Sentence denotes The lack of significance for 3D imaging may reflect the variability in 3D measurements and the small sample size.
TextSentencer_T90 12354-12604 Sentence denotes The effects of sotalol in dogs with structural heart disease should be prospectively assessed to further elucidate the clinical significance of decreased systolic function, and the implications of this reduction in patients at risk for heart failure.
T77195 12354-12604 Sentence denotes The effects of sotalol in dogs with structural heart disease should be prospectively assessed to further elucidate the clinical significance of decreased systolic function, and the implications of this reduction in patients at risk for heart failure.
TextSentencer_T91 12605-12667 Sentence denotes nous pacemaker implantation in a large number of institutions.
T76084 12605-12667 Sentence denotes nous pacemaker implantation in a large number of institutions.
TextSentencer_T92 12668-12776 Sentence denotes In addition, we wished to identify factors that may predispose patients to the development of complications.
T84609 12668-12776 Sentence denotes In addition, we wished to identify factors that may predispose patients to the development of complications.
TextSentencer_T93 12777-12986 Sentence denotes A multicenter retrospective analysis of dogs who underwent transvenous pacemaker implantation between January 1st, 2000 and There was a significant difference in survival time between 3AVB and SSS (p = 0.043).
T69316 12777-12986 Sentence denotes A multicenter retrospective analysis of dogs who underwent transvenous pacemaker implantation between January 1st, 2000 and There was a significant difference in survival time between 3AVB and SSS (p = 0.043).
TextSentencer_T94 12987-13183 Sentence denotes Major complications (n=130, 21.8%) included lead dislodgement (37 episodes), lead perforation (5 episodes Transvenous pacemaker implantation is associated with a relatively high complication rate.
T54703 12987-13183 Sentence denotes Major complications (n=130, 21.8%) included lead dislodgement (37 episodes), lead perforation (5 episodes Transvenous pacemaker implantation is associated with a relatively high complication rate.
TextSentencer_T95 13184-13261 Sentence denotes Predisposing factors for specific complications were unable to be identified.
T44211 13184-13261 Sentence denotes Predisposing factors for specific complications were unable to be identified.
TextSentencer_T96 13262-13377 Sentence denotes 3AVB was associated with a longer survival time compared to SSS, though did not differ from other bradyarrhythmias.
T20524 13262-13377 Sentence denotes 3AVB was associated with a longer survival time compared to SSS, though did not differ from other bradyarrhythmias.
TextSentencer_T97 13378-13703 Sentence denotes veterinary studies investigating transdermal atenolol at equivalent oral atenolol dosages have found the majority of cats receiving transdermal atenolol did not have therapeutic plasma atenolol concentrations 2 hours after administration, and none had therapeutic plasma atenolol concentrations 12 hours after administration.
T74948 13378-13703 Sentence denotes veterinary studies investigating transdermal atenolol at equivalent oral atenolol dosages have found the majority of cats receiving transdermal atenolol did not have therapeutic plasma atenolol concentrations 2 hours after administration, and none had therapeutic plasma atenolol concentrations 12 hours after administration.
TextSentencer_T98 13704-13870 Sentence denotes These results raise questions regarding the direct substitution of transdermal doses at equivalent oral doses, and the inherent variability of compounded medications.
T83438 13704-13870 Sentence denotes These results raise questions regarding the direct substitution of transdermal doses at equivalent oral doses, and the inherent variability of compounded medications.
TextSentencer_T99 13871-14057 Sentence denotes Therefore the goals of this study were to optimize a non-patented transdermal atenolol formulation and assess atenolol dosage amount and frequency in healthy cats using this formulation.
T13399 13871-14057 Sentence denotes Therefore the goals of this study were to optimize a non-patented transdermal atenolol formulation and assess atenolol dosage amount and frequency in healthy cats using this formulation.
TextSentencer_T100 14058-14256 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that an optimized transdermal atenolol formula at a higher transdermal dosage rate administered q12h will result in therapeutic (> 260 ng/mL) atenolol concentrations in healthy cats.
T95474 14058-14256 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that an optimized transdermal atenolol formula at a higher transdermal dosage rate administered q12h will result in therapeutic (> 260 ng/mL) atenolol concentrations in healthy cats.
TextSentencer_T101 14257-14460 Sentence denotes We collaborated with Oregon State University (OSU) College of Pharmacy researchers to create a transdermal atenolol formulation that had optimal drug release and good permeation in a steady-state manner.
T28233 14257-14460 Sentence denotes We collaborated with Oregon State University (OSU) College of Pharmacy researchers to create a transdermal atenolol formulation that had optimal drug release and good permeation in a steady-state manner.
TextSentencer_T102 14461-14765 Sentence denotes Different concentrations of atenolol gels in a hypomellose carrier and carbomer base were evaluated by an in vitro diffusion study using of treatment, transdermal atenolol was administered and blood samples were collected for atenolol serum concentrations at 3, 6, and 12 hours after topical application.
T73137 14461-14765 Sentence denotes Different concentrations of atenolol gels in a hypomellose carrier and carbomer base were evaluated by an in vitro diffusion study using of treatment, transdermal atenolol was administered and blood samples were collected for atenolol serum concentrations at 3, 6, and 12 hours after topical application.
TextSentencer_T103 14766-14893 Sentence denotes After phlebotomy at 3 and 6 hours post-atenolol administration, an ECG was also performed and average heart rate (HR) measured.
T3746 14766-14893 Sentence denotes After phlebotomy at 3 and 6 hours post-atenolol administration, an ECG was also performed and average heart rate (HR) measured.
TextSentencer_T104 14894-14969 Sentence denotes Gradual tapering of transdermal atenolol subsequently occurred over 4 days.
T72460 14894-14969 Sentence denotes Gradual tapering of transdermal atenolol subsequently occurred over 4 days.
TextSentencer_T105 14970-15075 Sentence denotes All enrolled cats successfully completed the drug trial and no cats experienced any adverse side-effects.
T74047 14970-15075 Sentence denotes All enrolled cats successfully completed the drug trial and no cats experienced any adverse side-effects.
TextSentencer_T106 15076-15251 Sentence denotes Two cats initially received a maximum transdermal dose of 12.5 mg q12h and serum atenolol concentrations were subtherapeutic (< 260 ng/mL) at 3, 6, and 12 hours post-atenolol.
T66991 15076-15251 Sentence denotes Two cats initially received a maximum transdermal dose of 12.5 mg q12h and serum atenolol concentrations were subtherapeutic (< 260 ng/mL) at 3, 6, and 12 hours post-atenolol.
TextSentencer_T107 15252-15424 Sentence denotes The transdermal atenolol dose was increased to 25 mg q12h, and the same 2 cats were re-enrolled in the study using the higher atenolol dosage after a 4 week washout period.
T50085 15252-15424 Sentence denotes The transdermal atenolol dose was increased to 25 mg q12h, and the same 2 cats were re-enrolled in the study using the higher atenolol dosage after a 4 week washout period.
TextSentencer_T108 15425-15509 Sentence denotes Three cats have completed this updated study protocol at the higher atenolol dosage.
T62242 15425-15509 Sentence denotes Three cats have completed this updated study protocol at the higher atenolol dosage.
TextSentencer_T109 15510-15629 Sentence denotes Two of the 3 cats In this population, the majority of GSD had type II PDA anatomy that was amenable to ACDO deployment.
T83626 15510-15629 Sentence denotes Two of the 3 cats In this population, the majority of GSD had type II PDA anatomy that was amenable to ACDO deployment.
TextSentencer_T110 15630-15806 Sentence denotes Predisposition for large MDD and occasional, unusual PDA anatomy suggests that transesophageal echocardiography may be beneficial for optimal procedural planning in this breed.
T75346 15630-15806 Sentence denotes Predisposition for large MDD and occasional, unusual PDA anatomy suggests that transesophageal echocardiography may be beneficial for optimal procedural planning in this breed.
TextSentencer_T111 15807-16054 Sentence denotes Six, healthy, middle-aged, male beagles were randomized to receive torsemide (0.1mg/kg PO q12h), furosemide (2.0mg/kg PO q12h), or placebo for 10 days during 3 separate experiments in a cross-over design, each separated by a 10-day washout period.
T90757 15807-16054 Sentence denotes Six, healthy, middle-aged, male beagles were randomized to receive torsemide (0.1mg/kg PO q12h), furosemide (2.0mg/kg PO q12h), or placebo for 10 days during 3 separate experiments in a cross-over design, each separated by a 10-day washout period.
TextSentencer_T112 16055-16165 Sentence denotes Blood was collected on days 1, 5, and 9 and 24-hour urine samples were collected, ending on days 2, 6, and 10.
T89051 16055-16165 Sentence denotes Blood was collected on days 1, 5, and 9 and 24-hour urine samples were collected, ending on days 2, 6, and 10.
TextSentencer_T113 16166-16377 Sentence denotes Serum aldosterone was quantified via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS and angiotensin metabolites were quantified with LC-MS/MS and equilibrium analysis (Attoquant Diagnostics, Vienna Austria).
T45376 16166-16377 Sentence denotes Serum aldosterone was quantified via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS and angiotensin metabolites were quantified with LC-MS/MS and equilibrium analysis (Attoquant Diagnostics, Vienna Austria).
TextSentencer_T114 16378-16524 Sentence denotes Urine aldosterone was quantified via radioimmunoassay (Beckman Coulter) and used to calculate the urine aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio (UAldo:C).
T17455 16378-16524 Sentence denotes Urine aldosterone was quantified via radioimmunoassay (Beckman Coulter) and used to calculate the urine aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio (UAldo:C).
TextSentencer_T115 16525-16670 Sentence denotes After repeated measures analysis and Bonferonni correction, variables with an adjusted P < 0.05 were investigated further, using Tukey';s method.
T3309 16525-16670 Sentence denotes After repeated measures analysis and Bonferonni correction, variables with an adjusted P < 0.05 were investigated further, using Tukey';s method.
TextSentencer_T116 16671-16842 Sentence denotes Serum AngI, AngII, Ang1,7, Ang1,5, AngIV, and aldosterone and the UAldo:C were significantly increased in the diuretic groups, as compared to placebo on days 5/6 and 9/10.
T82456 16671-16842 Sentence denotes Serum AngI, AngII, Ang1,7, Ang1,5, AngIV, and aldosterone and the UAldo:C were significantly increased in the diuretic groups, as compared to placebo on days 5/6 and 9/10.
TextSentencer_T117 16843-16944 Sentence denotes Increases in these parameters were greatest in the torsemide group, but failed to reach significance.
T84471 16843-16944 Sentence denotes Increases in these parameters were greatest in the torsemide group, but failed to reach significance.
TextSentencer_T118 16945-17045 Sentence denotes Serum AngIII increased after diuretic therapy, yet values did not differ significantly from placebo.
T79508 16945-17045 Sentence denotes Serum AngIII increased after diuretic therapy, yet values did not differ significantly from placebo.
TextSentencer_T119 17046-17209 Sentence denotes Novel components of the circulating RAAS are significantly increased during therapy with both torsemide and furosemide and mirror changes in the 'classical'; RAAS.
T60844 17046-17209 Sentence denotes Novel components of the circulating RAAS are significantly increased during therapy with both torsemide and furosemide and mirror changes in the 'classical'; RAAS.
TextSentencer_T120 17210-17375 Sentence denotes Repeatability, intra-observer, and inter-observer image acquisition variability and measurement variability were quantified by average coefficient of variation (CV).
T42458 17210-17375 Sentence denotes Repeatability, intra-observer, and inter-observer image acquisition variability and measurement variability were quantified by average coefficient of variation (CV).
TextSentencer_T121 17376-17618 Sentence denotes Lower and upper limit bounds on the coefficient of variation were calculated using exact theory and logistic regression of the upper limit against repetitions of 5, 10, 15, and 25 was used to determine the highest precision for each modality.
T90379 17376-17618 Sentence denotes Lower and upper limit bounds on the coefficient of variation were calculated using exact theory and logistic regression of the upper limit against repetitions of 5, 10, 15, and 25 was used to determine the highest precision for each modality.
TextSentencer_T122 17619-17827 Sentence denotes Evaluation of the left ventricular size by M-mode had the highest repeatability (CV = 8.8%) and lowest intra-and inter-observer variability for both image acquisition (CV = 9.3%) and measurement (CV = 4.3%) .
T24848 17619-17827 Sentence denotes Evaluation of the left ventricular size by M-mode had the highest repeatability (CV = 8.8%) and lowest intra-and inter-observer variability for both image acquisition (CV = 9.3%) and measurement (CV = 4.3%) .
TextSentencer_T123 17828-17996 Sentence denotes Repeatability of 3DE image acquisition (CV = 21.1%) and measurement (CV = 8.6%) was slightly better than 2DE image acquisition (CV = 21.5%) and measurement (CV = 8.9%).
T33739 17828-17996 Sentence denotes Repeatability of 3DE image acquisition (CV = 21.1%) and measurement (CV = 8.6%) was slightly better than 2DE image acquisition (CV = 21.5%) and measurement (CV = 8.9%).
TextSentencer_T124 17997-18109 Sentence denotes The intraand inter-observer variability of 3DE (CV = 18.9%) was also slightly better than then 2DE (CV = 22.3%).
T69708 17997-18109 Sentence denotes The intraand inter-observer variability of 3DE (CV = 18.9%) was also slightly better than then 2DE (CV = 22.3%).
TextSentencer_T125 18110-18334 Sentence denotes 2DE left atrial to aortic ratio measurements had higher repeatability (CV = 9.0%) and less variability (CV = 9.5%) than volume assessed by 3DE image acquisition identified among the GFD dogs tested (11 taurine, 4 carnitine).
T84437 18110-18334 Sentence denotes 2DE left atrial to aortic ratio measurements had higher repeatability (CV = 9.0%) and less variability (CV = 9.5%) than volume assessed by 3DE image acquisition identified among the GFD dogs tested (11 taurine, 4 carnitine).
TextSentencer_T126 18335-18376 Sentence denotes Twenty-seven dogs with DCM were fed NGFD.
T56438 18335-18376 Sentence denotes Twenty-seven dogs with DCM were fed NGFD.
TextSentencer_T127 18377-18599 Sentence denotes Of these, 5 of 11 tested were taurine deficient (3 vegetarian Echocardiograms of dogs with DCM fed GFD, and specifically GFD-1, suggest more advanced disease or a diet-enhanced pathophysiology compared to dogs eating NGFD.
T22164 18377-18599 Sentence denotes Of these, 5 of 11 tested were taurine deficient (3 vegetarian Echocardiograms of dogs with DCM fed GFD, and specifically GFD-1, suggest more advanced disease or a diet-enhanced pathophysiology compared to dogs eating NGFD.
TextSentencer_T128 18600-18830 Sentence denotes Cats with CHF had: higher serum leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein1 compared to healthy controls; higher serum amyloid A compared to asymptomatic CM and healthy controls; higher ceruloplasmin compared to asymptomatic CM (P < 0.05).
T50878 18600-18830 Sentence denotes Cats with CHF had: higher serum leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein1 compared to healthy controls; higher serum amyloid A compared to asymptomatic CM and healthy controls; higher ceruloplasmin compared to asymptomatic CM (P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T129 18831-18994 Sentence denotes In univariate survival analysis models, serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) level was found to be associated with a higher risk of death in CHF cats (P = 0.007).
T19317 18831-18994 Sentence denotes In univariate survival analysis models, serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) level was found to be associated with a higher risk of death in CHF cats (P = 0.007).
TextSentencer_T130 18995-19156 Sentence denotes Multivariable analysis suggested that serum AGP (P = 0.009), body weight (P = 0.023) and LA/Ao ratio (P = 0.013) were independent prognostic factors in CHF cats.
T59986 18995-19156 Sentence denotes Multivariable analysis suggested that serum AGP (P = 0.009), body weight (P = 0.023) and LA/Ao ratio (P = 0.013) were independent prognostic factors in CHF cats.
TextSentencer_T131 19157-19284 Sentence denotes Findings suggest that systemic inflammatory response occurs in feline congestive heart failure due to primary cardiomyopathies.
T43745 19157-19284 Sentence denotes Findings suggest that systemic inflammatory response occurs in feline congestive heart failure due to primary cardiomyopathies.
TextSentencer_T132 19285-19433 Sentence denotes Acute phase proteins can be used with other clinical parameters or biomarkers for disease monitoring and prognostication in feline cardiomyopathies.
T38246 19285-19433 Sentence denotes Acute phase proteins can be used with other clinical parameters or biomarkers for disease monitoring and prognostication in feline cardiomyopathies.
TextSentencer_T133 19434-19475 Sentence denotes CHF, and pancreatitis in humans and dogs.
T70814 19434-19475 Sentence denotes CHF, and pancreatitis in humans and dogs.
TextSentencer_T134 19476-19610 Sentence denotes The aim of this prospective study was to assess fPLI and TLI values between healthy cats and cats with primary CM with or without CHF.
T18162 19476-19610 Sentence denotes The aim of this prospective study was to assess fPLI and TLI values between healthy cats and cats with primary CM with or without CHF.
TextSentencer_T135 19611-19707 Sentence denotes In addition, a retrospective evaluation of pancreatic histology from cats with CM was performed.
T80370 19611-19707 Sentence denotes In addition, a retrospective evaluation of pancreatic histology from cats with CM was performed.
TextSentencer_T136 19708-19760 Sentence denotes Cats were prospectively recruited into three groups:
T72116 19708-19760 Sentence denotes Cats were prospectively recruited into three groups:
TextSentencer_T137 19761-19915 Sentence denotes 1) healthy controls (H group), 2) primary CM (CM group), and 3) CM with active or historical CHF determined by a board-certified cardiologist (CHF group).
T59567 19761-19915 Sentence denotes 1) healthy controls (H group), 2) primary CM (CM group), and 3) CM with active or historical CHF determined by a board-certified cardiologist (CHF group).
TextSentencer_T138 19916-20052 Sentence denotes All included cats underwent a physical exam, blood pressure, echocardiogram, fPLI, TLI, complete blood count (CBC), and chemistry panel.
T43789 19916-20052 Sentence denotes All included cats underwent a physical exam, blood pressure, echocardiogram, fPLI, TLI, complete blood count (CBC), and chemistry panel.
TextSentencer_T139 20053-20136 Sentence denotes Cats with evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) also had total T4 measured.
T61948 20053-20136 Sentence denotes Cats with evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) also had total T4 measured.
TextSentencer_T140 20137-20320 Sentence denotes Routine pancreatic histopathology from cats affected by primary CM were retrospectively reviewed by a boardcertified anatomic pathologist for histologic evidence of pancreatic injury.
T80357 20137-20320 Sentence denotes Routine pancreatic histopathology from cats affected by primary CM were retrospectively reviewed by a boardcertified anatomic pathologist for histologic evidence of pancreatic injury.
TextSentencer_T141 20321-20436 Sentence denotes Differences between groups were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis tests and association assessed by Fisher';s exact tests.
T71106 20321-20436 Sentence denotes Differences between groups were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis tests and association assessed by Fisher';s exact tests.
TextSentencer_T142 20437-20536 Sentence denotes A total of 25 cats were included and classified into the H (n=4), CM (n=10), and CHF (n=11) groups.
T30037 20437-20536 Sentence denotes A total of 25 cats were included and classified into the H (n=4), CM (n=10), and CHF (n=11) groups.
TextSentencer_T143 20537-20635 Sentence denotes There were no statistical differences in age, body weight, or body condition score between groups.
T36328 20537-20635 Sentence denotes There were no statistical differences in age, body weight, or body condition score between groups.
TextSentencer_T144 20636-20816 Sentence denotes CM diagnoses included HCM (4 CM, 5 CHF) , hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (5 CM, 2 CHF), unclassified cardiomyopathy (1 CM, 2 CHF), and restrictive cardiomyopathy (2 CHF) .
T67722 20636-20816 Sentence denotes CM diagnoses included HCM (4 CM, 5 CHF) , hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (5 CM, 2 CHF), unclassified cardiomyopathy (1 CM, 2 CHF), and restrictive cardiomyopathy (2 CHF) .
TextSentencer_T145 20817-20930 Sentence denotes In the CHF group, 6/11 cats had active CHF (pulmonary edema or pleural effusion) at the time of blood collection.
T58366 20817-20930 Sentence denotes In the CHF group, 6/11 cats had active CHF (pulmonary edema or pleural effusion) at the time of blood collection.
TextSentencer_T146 20931-21044 Sentence denotes Gastrointestinal signs included vomiting (2 CM, 2 CHF) , anorexia (2 CM, 1 CHF) , and weight loss (1 CM, 2 CHF) .
T18645 20931-21044 Sentence denotes Gastrointestinal signs included vomiting (2 CM, 2 CHF) , anorexia (2 CM, 1 CHF) , and weight loss (1 CM, 2 CHF) .
TextSentencer_T147 21045-21177 Sentence denotes Median values for the control, CM, and CHF groups did not differ for fPLI (1.6, 2.2, and 1.8 μg/L) or TLI (35, 27.4, and 39.9 μg/L).
T675 21045-21177 Sentence denotes Median values for the control, CM, and CHF groups did not differ for fPLI (1.6, 2.2, and 1.8 μg/L) or TLI (35, 27.4, and 39.9 μg/L).
TextSentencer_T148 21178-21332 Sentence denotes Five CM and 3 CHF cats had fPLI values greater than the feline reference range, 2 CM cats had increased TLI values, and 1 CM cat had a deceased TLI value.
T6370 21178-21332 Sentence denotes Five CM and 3 CHF cats had fPLI values greater than the feline reference range, 2 CM cats had increased TLI values, and 1 CM cat had a deceased TLI value.
TextSentencer_T149 21333-21434 Sentence denotes Active CHF was not statistically associated with an abnormal fPLI or TLI result (P > 0.99; P > 0.99).
T36582 21333-21434 Sentence denotes Active CHF was not statistically associated with an abnormal fPLI or TLI result (P > 0.99; P > 0.99).
TextSentencer_T150 21435-21577 Sentence denotes Retrospective pancreatic histopathology of 16 cats with CM found a spectrum of morphologic lesions potentially related to pancreatic ischemia.
T87819 21435-21577 Sentence denotes Retrospective pancreatic histopathology of 16 cats with CM found a spectrum of morphologic lesions potentially related to pancreatic ischemia.
TextSentencer_T151 21578-21738 Sentence denotes These included exocrine vacuolation (6/18) , focal or multifocal coagulation necrosis (2/16) , and saponification of pancreas-associated adipose tissue (5/16) .
T51597 21578-21738 Sentence denotes These included exocrine vacuolation (6/18) , focal or multifocal coagulation necrosis (2/16) , and saponification of pancreas-associated adipose tissue (5/16) .
TextSentencer_T152 21739-21839 Sentence denotes Of the 10 cats with possible cardiac-related pancreatic ischemia, 5/10 had active or historical CHF.
T88127 21739-21839 Sentence denotes Of the 10 cats with possible cardiac-related pancreatic ischemia, 5/10 had active or historical CHF.
TextSentencer_T153 21840-22022 Sentence denotes Other common feline pancreatic lesions were also identified, including islet amyloidosis (6/16) , mild to moderate lymphocytic inflammation (8/16), and periductular fibrosis (6/16) .
T65595 21840-22022 Sentence denotes Other common feline pancreatic lesions were also identified, including islet amyloidosis (6/16) , mild to moderate lymphocytic inflammation (8/16), and periductular fibrosis (6/16) .
TextSentencer_T154 22023-22168 Sentence denotes These preliminary data demonstrate no statistically significant differences in pancreatic biomarkers of cardiomyopathic cats with or without CHF.
T46214 22023-22168 Sentence denotes These preliminary data demonstrate no statistically significant differences in pancreatic biomarkers of cardiomyopathic cats with or without CHF.
TextSentencer_T155 22169-22347 Sentence denotes Potentially relevant histopathologic pancreatic changes were identified, suggesting that biomarkers may vary with time or disease severity and not reflect cardiac-induced injury.
T95312 22169-22347 Sentence denotes Potentially relevant histopathologic pancreatic changes were identified, suggesting that biomarkers may vary with time or disease severity and not reflect cardiac-induced injury.
TextSentencer_T156 22348-22549 Sentence denotes The left atrium may enlarge in various directions, although is conventionally measured on echocardiography in one-dimension using a short-axis right parasternal view indexed to aortic diameter (LA:Ao).
T31607 22348-22549 Sentence denotes The left atrium may enlarge in various directions, although is conventionally measured on echocardiography in one-dimension using a short-axis right parasternal view indexed to aortic diameter (LA:Ao).
TextSentencer_T157 22550-22662 Sentence denotes The maximal diameter from a right parasternal long-axis view has also been utilized as an assessment of LA size.
T79969 22550-22662 Sentence denotes The maximal diameter from a right parasternal long-axis view has also been utilized as an assessment of LA size.
TextSentencer_T158 22663-22843 Sentence denotes Two-dimensional (2D) measurements and volume calculations have replaced one-dimensional linear measurements for chamber quantification in humans and canine echocardiographic exams.
T44404 22663-22843 Sentence denotes Two-dimensional (2D) measurements and volume calculations have replaced one-dimensional linear measurements for chamber quantification in humans and canine echocardiographic exams.
TextSentencer_T159 22844-23028 Sentence denotes The aims of this retrospective study were to compare LA size by conventional 1-dimensional linear measurements to calculated 2D LA volumes (LAV) and compare minimal and maximal values.
T49619 22844-23028 Sentence denotes The aims of this retrospective study were to compare LA size by conventional 1-dimensional linear measurements to calculated 2D LA volumes (LAV) and compare minimal and maximal values.
TextSentencer_T160 23029-23171 Sentence denotes Our hypothesis was that LAV would provide superior sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for identifying cats with CHF from those without CHF.
T73133 23029-23171 Sentence denotes Our hypothesis was that LAV would provide superior sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for identifying cats with CHF from those without CHF.
TextSentencer_T161 23172-23300 Sentence denotes Medical records were reviewed for cats with complete echocardiographic exams performed at the Oregon State University Veterinary
T43081 23172-23300 Sentence denotes Medical records were reviewed for cats with complete echocardiographic exams performed at the Oregon State University Veterinary
TextSentencer_T162 23301-23449 Sentence denotes Teaching Hospital (OSU-VTH) between January 2008 and July 2017. and 7) maximal left atrial diameter (LAD) from the right parasternal long-axis view.
T81125 23301-23449 Sentence denotes Teaching Hospital (OSU-VTH) between January 2008 and July 2017. and 7) maximal left atrial diameter (LAD) from the right parasternal long-axis view.
TextSentencer_T163 23450-23536 Sentence denotes Volumes were calculated using the monoplane modified Simpson';s method of discs (MOD).
T59354 23450-23536 Sentence denotes Volumes were calculated using the monoplane modified Simpson';s method of discs (MOD).
TextSentencer_T164 23537-23595 Sentence denotes Volume measurements were also indexed to body weight (kg).
T76663 23537-23595 Sentence denotes Volume measurements were also indexed to body weight (kg).
TextSentencer_T165 23596-23732 Sentence denotes Minimal measurements were made just after the P wave and maximum measurements made just after the T wave on simultaneously recorded ECG.
T91122 23596-23732 Sentence denotes Minimal measurements were made just after the P wave and maximum measurements made just after the T wave on simultaneously recorded ECG.
TextSentencer_T166 23733-23874 Sentence denotes Receiver operator curves were used to assess area under the curve (AUC) and optimal cut-offs with associated Se and Sp to distinguish groups.
T88016 23733-23874 Sentence denotes Receiver operator curves were used to assess area under the curve (AUC) and optimal cut-offs with associated Se and Sp to distinguish groups.
TextSentencer_T167 23875-23981 Sentence denotes A total of 162 cats were included in the study and classified as healthy (n=56), CM (n=62) and CHF (n=44).
T82955 23875-23981 Sentence denotes A total of 162 cats were included in the study and classified as healthy (n=56), CM (n=62) and CHF (n=44).
TextSentencer_T168 23982-24098 Sentence denotes Healthy cats were younger than both the CM and CHF groups (p < 0.0001) and the groups did not differ in body weight.
T81543 23982-24098 Sentence denotes Healthy cats were younger than both the CM and CHF groups (p < 0.0001) and the groups did not differ in body weight.
TextSentencer_T169 24099-24337 Sentence denotes LAV measurements from the RLA and LAP views were statistically different (p = 0.0005). was classified according to whether it had "increased", "decreased" or been "maintained" over each interval and was entered as an explanatory variable.
T15416 24099-24337 Sentence denotes LAV measurements from the RLA and LAP views were statistically different (p = 0.0005). was classified according to whether it had "increased", "decreased" or been "maintained" over each interval and was entered as an explanatory variable.
TextSentencer_T170 24338-24460 Sentence denotes Additional explanatory variables that were included in models had been recorded at the first examination in each interval.
T58161 24338-24460 Sentence denotes Additional explanatory variables that were included in models had been recorded at the first examination in each interval.
TextSentencer_T171 24461-24639 Sentence denotes The association between changes in heart murmur intensity and the rate of cardiac remodeling provides evidential support to the utility of longitudinally monitoring murmur grade.
T99986 24461-24639 Sentence denotes The association between changes in heart murmur intensity and the rate of cardiac remodeling provides evidential support to the utility of longitudinally monitoring murmur grade.
TextSentencer_T172 24640-24827 Sentence denotes In clinical practice, an increase in murmur grade may indicate that a more rapid rate of DMVD progression has occurred and could be used to recommend further echocardiographic evaluation.
T88537 24640-24827 Sentence denotes In clinical practice, an increase in murmur grade may indicate that a more rapid rate of DMVD progression has occurred and could be used to recommend further echocardiographic evaluation.
TextSentencer_T173 24828-24843 Sentence denotes (range:10-108).
T24951 24828-24843 Sentence denotes (range:10-108).
TextSentencer_T174 24844-24905 Sentence denotes In 47 dogs, STE data was obtained from three scanning planes.
T89582 24844-24905 Sentence denotes In 47 dogs, STE data was obtained from three scanning planes.
TextSentencer_T175 24906-25123 Sentence denotes The mean peak radial strain at the apex (A-Rs) was 44.7 ± 13.0%, the mean peak radial strain at the papillary muscle level (PM-Rs) was 41.1 ± 14.7%, and the mean peak radial strain at the base (B-Rs) was 34.1 ± 15.7%.
T36029 24906-25123 Sentence denotes The mean peak radial strain at the apex (A-Rs) was 44.7 ± 13.0%, the mean peak radial strain at the papillary muscle level (PM-Rs) was 41.1 ± 14.7%, and the mean peak radial strain at the base (B-Rs) was 34.1 ± 15.7%.
TextSentencer_T176 25124-25368 Sentence denotes The mean peak circumferential strain at the apex (A-Cs) was -16.4 ± 5.3%, the mean peak circumferential strain at the papillary muscle level (PM-Cs) was -14.8 ± 3.4%, and the mean peak circumferential strain at the base (B-Cs) was -15.8 ± 4.2%.
T44784 25124-25368 Sentence denotes The mean peak circumferential strain at the apex (A-Cs) was -16.4 ± 5.3%, the mean peak circumferential strain at the papillary muscle level (PM-Cs) was -14.8 ± 3.4%, and the mean peak circumferential strain at the base (B-Cs) was -15.8 ± 4.2%.
TextSentencer_T177 25369-25473 Sentence denotes As Cats had increased BCS (P = 0.013), insulin (P < 0.001), NT-proBNP (P = 0.001) and cTn-I (P < 0.001).
T28259 25369-25473 Sentence denotes As Cats had increased BCS (P = 0.013), insulin (P < 0.001), NT-proBNP (P = 0.001) and cTn-I (P < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T178 25474-25752 Sentence denotes Correlations were present between NT-proBNP and max-IVSd (P = 0.048), max-LVWd (P = 0.009), sum-LVWd (P = 0.012) and LA-remodeling (P = 0.030), between c-TnI and sum-IVSd (P = 0.039) and LA-remodeling (P = 0.009), and between SAA and sum-IVSd (P = 0.030) and n-IVSd (P = 0.048).
T22317 25474-25752 Sentence denotes Correlations were present between NT-proBNP and max-IVSd (P = 0.048), max-LVWd (P = 0.009), sum-LVWd (P = 0.012) and LA-remodeling (P = 0.030), between c-TnI and sum-IVSd (P = 0.039) and LA-remodeling (P = 0.009), and between SAA and sum-IVSd (P = 0.030) and n-IVSd (P = 0.048).
TextSentencer_T179 25753-25820 Sentence denotes Age was correlated with LA max (P = 0.026) and glucose (P = 0.027).
T50736 25753-25820 Sentence denotes Age was correlated with LA max (P = 0.026) and glucose (P = 0.027).
TextSentencer_T180 25821-25993 Sentence denotes BW and BCS were correlated with n-LVWd (P = 0.041), M-LVWd (P = 0.035), IGF-1 (P = 0.001), and insulin (P = 0.017), glucose (P = 0.041) and IGF-1 (P = 0.021), respectively.
T94809 25821-25993 Sentence denotes BW and BCS were correlated with n-LVWd (P = 0.041), M-LVWd (P = 0.035), IGF-1 (P = 0.001), and insulin (P = 0.017), glucose (P = 0.041) and IGF-1 (P = 0.021), respectively.
TextSentencer_T181 25994-26129 Sentence denotes Cats with LA remodeling (n = 27) had higher max-LVWd (P = 0.026) and sum-LVWd (P = 0.012), NT-proBNP (P = 0.017) and c-TnI (P = 0.006).
T80987 25994-26129 Sentence denotes Cats with LA remodeling (n = 27) had higher max-LVWd (P = 0.026) and sum-LVWd (P = 0.012), NT-proBNP (P = 0.017) and c-TnI (P = 0.006).
TextSentencer_T182 26130-26291 Sentence denotes Cats with generalized hypertrophy (n = 11) had higher max-IVSd (P = 0.003), sum-IVSd (P < 0.001), max-LVWd (P = 0.001), sum-LVWd (P < 0.001) and SAA (P = 0.018).
T43632 26130-26291 Sentence denotes Cats with generalized hypertrophy (n = 11) had higher max-IVSd (P = 0.003), sum-IVSd (P < 0.001), max-LVWd (P = 0.001), sum-LVWd (P < 0.001) and SAA (P = 0.018).
TextSentencer_T183 26292-26374 Sentence denotes The results suggest a role for insulin, IGF-1 metabolism and inflammation in aHCM.
T53456 26292-26374 Sentence denotes The results suggest a role for insulin, IGF-1 metabolism and inflammation in aHCM.
TextSentencer_T184 26375-26430 Sentence denotes Further research on the contribution to aHCM is needed.
T63758 26375-26430 Sentence denotes Further research on the contribution to aHCM is needed.
TextSentencer_T185 26431-26590 Sentence denotes The study was designed as a randomized, blinded, controlled experimental trial in which 30 Sprague Dawley rats were assigned equally into six treatment groups:
T77427 26431-26590 Sentence denotes The study was designed as a randomized, blinded, controlled experimental trial in which 30 Sprague Dawley rats were assigned equally into six treatment groups:
TextSentencer_T186 26591-26868 Sentence denotes 1) saline (negative control); 2) serotonin (5-HT positive control); 3) ALK5 inhibition (ALK5 positive control); 4) ALK5 inhibition plus serotonin (synergistic); 5) ALK5 inhibitor plus cyproheptadine (serotonin antagonist); and 6) ALK5 inhibitor plus clopidogrel (antiplatelet).
T46803 26591-26868 Sentence denotes 1) saline (negative control); 2) serotonin (5-HT positive control); 3) ALK5 inhibition (ALK5 positive control); 4) ALK5 inhibition plus serotonin (synergistic); 5) ALK5 inhibitor plus cyproheptadine (serotonin antagonist); and 6) ALK5 inhibitor plus clopidogrel (antiplatelet).
TextSentencer_T187 26869-27027 Sentence denotes Each group was treated for 14 days then sacrificed and the hearts were collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histopathologic examination.
T50001 26869-27027 Sentence denotes Each group was treated for 14 days then sacrificed and the hearts were collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histopathologic examination.
TextSentencer_T188 27028-27207 Sentence denotes The results were scored based on a previously published semi-quantitative method for mitral valve pathology where the score ranged from 0 (no changes) to 12 (most severe changes).
T20442 27028-27207 Sentence denotes The results were scored based on a previously published semi-quantitative method for mitral valve pathology where the score ranged from 0 (no changes) to 12 (most severe changes).
TextSentencer_T189 27208-27269 Sentence denotes The [median (range)] for each treatment group was as follows:
T6193 27208-27269 Sentence denotes The [median (range)] for each treatment group was as follows:
TextSentencer_T190 27270-27823 Sentence denotes Negative control [4.5 (0.5 -6) ]; 5-HT positive control [3 (1.5 -5) ]; ALK5 positive control [3.5 (0 -5) University, Sayama, Saitama, Japan, 3 Shiraishi Animal Hospital/Animal Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center/Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Sayama-shi, Saitama, Japan, 4 Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan, 5 The University of Tokyo/Animal Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center, Bunko-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 6 Nihon univ., Fujsawa, Kanagawa, Japan, 7 Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
T70758 27270-27823 Sentence denotes Negative control [4.5 (0.5 -6) ]; 5-HT positive control [3 (1.5 -5) ]; ALK5 positive control [3.5 (0 -5) University, Sayama, Saitama, Japan, 3 Shiraishi Animal Hospital/Animal Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center/Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Sayama-shi, Saitama, Japan, 4 Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan, 5 The University of Tokyo/Animal Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center, Bunko-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 6 Nihon univ., Fujsawa, Kanagawa, Japan, 7 Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
TextSentencer_T191 27824-27983 Sentence denotes In this study, the purpose was to clarify changes in blood gas during surgery when mitral valve plasty surgery was performed using cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).
T63699 27824-27983 Sentence denotes In this study, the purpose was to clarify changes in blood gas during surgery when mitral valve plasty surgery was performed using cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).
TextSentencer_T192 27984-28119 Sentence denotes The subjects were 54 dogs with mitral regurgitation.For anesthesia inhalation anesthesia was combined with moderate hypothermia method.
T30030 27984-28119 Sentence denotes The subjects were 54 dogs with mitral regurgitation.For anesthesia inhalation anesthesia was combined with moderate hypothermia method.
TextSentencer_T193 28120-28327 Sentence denotes Timing of conducting blood gas sample examination was pre: before initiating CPB, partial: after starting CPB, total: after aortic cross-clamping, rebeat: after aortic declamping, post: after completing CPB.
T16810 28120-28327 Sentence denotes Timing of conducting blood gas sample examination was pre: before initiating CPB, partial: after starting CPB, total: after aortic cross-clamping, rebeat: after aortic declamping, post: after completing CPB.
TextSentencer_T194 28328-28579 Sentence denotes In conclusion, toceranib elicited weaker reversal properties on pulmonary arterial remodeling and RVH, and therefore, a low dose of toceranib in comparison with sorafenib may not be a promising therapeutic agent for cardiopulmonary remodeling and PAH.
T29318 28328-28579 Sentence denotes In conclusion, toceranib elicited weaker reversal properties on pulmonary arterial remodeling and RVH, and therefore, a low dose of toceranib in comparison with sorafenib may not be a promising therapeutic agent for cardiopulmonary remodeling and PAH.
TextSentencer_T195 28580-28667 Sentence denotes Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in cats and is increasing in prevalence.
T11915 28580-28667 Sentence denotes Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in cats and is increasing in prevalence.
TextSentencer_T196 28668-28874 Sentence denotes Excess body fat predisposes the animal to deleterious effects on heart function and systolic blood pressure (SBP) alterations, arrhythmias and radiographic and echocardiographic changes have been described.
T58870 28668-28874 Sentence denotes Excess body fat predisposes the animal to deleterious effects on heart function and systolic blood pressure (SBP) alterations, arrhythmias and radiographic and echocardiographic changes have been described.
TextSentencer_T197 28875-28984 Sentence denotes However, there is not much information regarding the effects of obesity on the cardiovascular system of cats.
T487 28875-28984 Sentence denotes However, there is not much information regarding the effects of obesity on the cardiovascular system of cats.
TextSentencer_T198 28985-29124 Sentence denotes This study aims to evaluate these effects on cardiovascular system of domestic cats and compare them with cats with normal body conditions.
T50869 28985-29124 Sentence denotes This study aims to evaluate these effects on cardiovascular system of domestic cats and compare them with cats with normal body conditions.
TextSentencer_T199 29125-29370 Sentence denotes Thirty-six cats were allocated in two groups (20 obese cats and 20 cats with normal body condition) and submitted to SBP measurement; electrocardiogram (ECG); and chest radiograph to evaluate the cardiac silhouette by vertebral heart size (VHS).
T71102 29125-29370 Sentence denotes Thirty-six cats were allocated in two groups (20 obese cats and 20 cats with normal body condition) and submitted to SBP measurement; electrocardiogram (ECG); and chest radiograph to evaluate the cardiac silhouette by vertebral heart size (VHS).
TextSentencer_T200 29371-29546 Sentence denotes The echocardiographic measurements were evaluated, establishing a relationship between the data obtained and Body Weight, Body Condition Score (BCS) and Body Mass Index (BMI).
T21066 29371-29546 Sentence denotes The echocardiographic measurements were evaluated, establishing a relationship between the data obtained and Body Weight, Body Condition Score (BCS) and Body Mass Index (BMI).
TextSentencer_T201 29547-29629 Sentence denotes SBP and VHS were statistically higher in obese animals in contrast to normal cats.
T92612 29547-29629 Sentence denotes SBP and VHS were statistically higher in obese animals in contrast to normal cats.
TextSentencer_T202 29630-29673 Sentence denotes In obese cats, the mean SBP was 148.5 ± 29.
T15797 29630-29673 Sentence denotes In obese cats, the mean SBP was 148.5 ± 29.
TextSentencer_T203 29674-29683 Sentence denotes 6 Weight.
T68701 29674-29683 Sentence denotes 6 Weight.
TextSentencer_T204 29684-29801 Sentence denotes A quadratic relationship was also observed between left atrial-to-aortic root diameter ratio (LA:Ao) and Body Weight.
T50275 29684-29801 Sentence denotes A quadratic relationship was also observed between left atrial-to-aortic root diameter ratio (LA:Ao) and Body Weight.
TextSentencer_T205 29802-29931 Sentence denotes In addition, the relationship between LVFWd and BMI, although not considered significant, presented P values slightly above 0.05.
T58340 29802-29931 Sentence denotes In addition, the relationship between LVFWd and BMI, although not considered significant, presented P values slightly above 0.05.
TextSentencer_T206 29932-30046 Sentence denotes Obese cats showed higher BPS and VHS than normal cats, which led to an increase in echocardiographic measurements.
T25573 29932-30046 Sentence denotes Obese cats showed higher BPS and VHS than normal cats, which led to an increase in echocardiographic measurements.
TextSentencer_T207 30047-30271 Sentence denotes This study has shown that obesity promoted cardiac function impairment in the studied cats and, therefore, that it is important to monitor these animals since even asymptomatic ones may present changes in cardiac parameters.
T33604 30047-30271 Sentence denotes This study has shown that obesity promoted cardiac function impairment in the studied cats and, therefore, that it is important to monitor these animals since even asymptomatic ones may present changes in cardiac parameters.
TextSentencer_T208 30272-30492 Sentence denotes The study aims at measuring heart rate variability in Holstein cows, fetuses and neonates through a descriptive evaluation of continuous fetomaternal and neonatal electrocardiogram recordings during the perinatal period.
T78479 30272-30492 Sentence denotes The study aims at measuring heart rate variability in Holstein cows, fetuses and neonates through a descriptive evaluation of continuous fetomaternal and neonatal electrocardiogram recordings during the perinatal period.
TextSentencer_T209 30493-30598 Sentence denotes Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed by fetomaternal electrocardiography (ECG).
T52949 30493-30598 Sentence denotes Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed by fetomaternal electrocardiography (ECG).
TextSentencer_T210 30599-30697 Sentence denotes Fetomaternal measurements were taken six times pre-partum and in neonates six times after calving.
T7030 30599-30697 Sentence denotes Fetomaternal measurements were taken six times pre-partum and in neonates six times after calving.
TextSentencer_T211 30698-30812 Sentence denotes Heart rate, time-domain variables and frequencydomain variables were analyzed in 23 Holstein cows and 18 neonates.
T24624 30698-30812 Sentence denotes Heart rate, time-domain variables and frequencydomain variables were analyzed in 23 Holstein cows and 18 neonates.
TextSentencer_T212 30813-30891 Sentence denotes No significant changes were observed in maternal or fetal RR intervals and HR.
T18025 30813-30891 Sentence denotes No significant changes were observed in maternal or fetal RR intervals and HR.
TextSentencer_T213 30892-31013 Sentence denotes In the fetuses, the standard deviation of beat-to-beat interval (SDNN) decreased significantly from 38.08 ± 2.6 ms to 28.
T37301 30892-31013 Sentence denotes In the fetuses, the standard deviation of beat-to-beat interval (SDNN) decreased significantly from 38.08 ± 2.6 ms to 28.
TextSentencer_T214 31014-31138 Sentence denotes 9 ± 2.4 ms (p < 0.05), but the root mean square of successive beat-to-beat differences (RMSSD) did not change significantly.
T89131 31014-31138 Sentence denotes 9 ± 2.4 ms (p < 0.05), but the root mean square of successive beat-to-beat differences (RMSSD) did not change significantly.
TextSentencer_T215 31139-31303 Sentence denotes Fetal heart rate and RR interval differed statistically from the day before delivery (163 ± 7.5 bpm; 381 ± 24.2 ms) to the day after calving (131 ± 5 bpm; 472 ± 16.
T49922 31139-31303 Sentence denotes Fetal heart rate and RR interval differed statistically from the day before delivery (163 ± 7.5 bpm; 381 ± 24.2 ms) to the day after calving (131 ± 5 bpm; 472 ± 16.
TextSentencer_T216 31304-31544 Sentence denotes The equine maternal pheromone (EMP) has been used as a tool to calm equines facing new or stressful situations, which forces physiological adaptations and alterations related mainly to increases in heartrate (HR) and behavioral alterations.
T23744 31304-31544 Sentence denotes The equine maternal pheromone (EMP) has been used as a tool to calm equines facing new or stressful situations, which forces physiological adaptations and alterations related mainly to increases in heartrate (HR) and behavioral alterations.
TextSentencer_T217 31545-31733 Sentence denotes This study aims at assessing the effects of EMP treatment in colts undergoing hoof trimming for the first time, employing the behavior of heartrate variability (HRV) as the main parameter.
T63867 31545-31733 Sentence denotes This study aims at assessing the effects of EMP treatment in colts undergoing hoof trimming for the first time, employing the behavior of heartrate variability (HRV) as the main parameter.
TextSentencer_T218 31734-31832 Sentence denotes We assessed 20 colts with average age of 9 months that underwent hoof trimming for the first time.
T25571 31734-31832 Sentence denotes We assessed 20 colts with average age of 9 months that underwent hoof trimming for the first time.
TextSentencer_T219 31833-31935 Sentence denotes The animals were divided in two groups and a randomized double blind experimental design was employed.
T71639 31833-31935 Sentence denotes The animals were divided in two groups and a randomized double blind experimental design was employed.
TextSentencer_T220 31936-32027 Sentence denotes The treatments (EMP and placebo) were administered and the Holter monitor was put in place.
T27051 31936-32027 Sentence denotes The treatments (EMP and placebo) were administered and the Holter monitor was put in place.
TextSentencer_T221 32028-32072 Sentence denotes After 20 minutes, the procedure was started.
T78831 32028-32072 Sentence denotes After 20 minutes, the procedure was started.
TextSentencer_T222 32073-32159 Sentence denotes The HR (measured through the conventional method) and HRV were measure at two moments:
T21641 32073-32159 Sentence denotes The HR (measured through the conventional method) and HRV were measure at two moments:
TextSentencer_T223 32160-32421 Sentence denotes 20 minutes before trimming (M1) and immediately after trimming (M2 The measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) was reported as an acceptable method for assessing the level of stress and numerically express the neurohormonal effect exerted on the heart rate.
T77956 32160-32421 Sentence denotes 20 minutes before trimming (M1) and immediately after trimming (M2 The measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) was reported as an acceptable method for assessing the level of stress and numerically express the neurohormonal effect exerted on the heart rate.
TextSentencer_T224 32422-32527 Sentence denotes Normal values for physiological parameters in larger breeds are often used as reference values in ponies.
T97957 32422-32527 Sentence denotes Normal values for physiological parameters in larger breeds are often used as reference values in ponies.
TextSentencer_T225 32528-32640 Sentence denotes However, heart rate increases in smaller animals and, in adult ponies, is higher than in adult warmblood horses.
T21138 32528-32640 Sentence denotes However, heart rate increases in smaller animals and, in adult ponies, is higher than in adult warmblood horses.
TextSentencer_T226 32641-32753 Sentence denotes Little is known about the effect of pregnancy signalment on heart rate variability values in the equine species.
T12461 32641-32753 Sentence denotes Little is known about the effect of pregnancy signalment on heart rate variability values in the equine species.
TextSentencer_T227 32754-32933 Sentence denotes This study aimed at determining physiological ranges for heart rate (beats per minute) and heart rate variability in equine mares at different months during gestation (10 months).
T66550 32754-32933 Sentence denotes This study aimed at determining physiological ranges for heart rate (beats per minute) and heart rate variability in equine mares at different months during gestation (10 months).
TextSentencer_T228 32934-33012 Sentence denotes The ECG recordings were made once a month and the data were used for analysis.
T86338 32934-33012 Sentence denotes The ECG recordings were made once a month and the data were used for analysis.
TextSentencer_T229 33013-33089 Sentence denotes Heart rate (HR) and HRV were assessed by maternal electrocardiography (ECG).
T92774 33013-33089 Sentence denotes Heart rate (HR) and HRV were assessed by maternal electrocardiography (ECG).
TextSentencer_T230 33090-33203 Sentence denotes Maternal measurements were taken ten times pre-partum and heart rate variability was analyzed in the time-domain.
T37387 33090-33203 Sentence denotes Maternal measurements were taken ten times pre-partum and heart rate variability was analyzed in the time-domain.
TextSentencer_T231 33204-33459 Sentence denotes Significant changes were observed in the fourth and tenth month of pregnancy for RR interval (1238.53 ± 100.37 ms; 962.60 ± 234.11 ms) and HR (49.42 ± 4.84 bpm; 62.43 ± 11 .53 bpm) (p = 0.018), corresponding to the smallest and largest value respectively.
T72014 33204-33459 Sentence denotes Significant changes were observed in the fourth and tenth month of pregnancy for RR interval (1238.53 ± 100.37 ms; 962.60 ± 234.11 ms) and HR (49.42 ± 4.84 bpm; 62.43 ± 11 .53 bpm) (p = 0.018), corresponding to the smallest and largest value respectively.
TextSentencer_T232 33460-33650 Sentence denotes No significant changes were observed in the standard deviation of beat-to-beat interval (SDNN) (p = 0.466) or the root mean square of successive beat-to-beat differences (RMSSD) (p = 0.760).
T28527 33460-33650 Sentence denotes No significant changes were observed in the standard deviation of beat-to-beat interval (SDNN) (p = 0.466) or the root mean square of successive beat-to-beat differences (RMSSD) (p = 0.760).
TextSentencer_T233 33651-33892 Sentence denotes Time-domain analysis has demonstrated a significant increase in the mean RR intervals and HR with the progression of pregnancy and has also established that HRV is influenced by HR, as a higher HR was associated with a lower HRV in the mare.
T56209 33651-33892 Sentence denotes Time-domain analysis has demonstrated a significant increase in the mean RR intervals and HR with the progression of pregnancy and has also established that HRV is influenced by HR, as a higher HR was associated with a lower HRV in the mare.
TextSentencer_T234 33893-34021 Sentence denotes Renal dysfunction caused by primary cardiovascular disease is considered to be a class of cardiovascular renal disorders (CvRD).
T25651 33893-34021 Sentence denotes Renal dysfunction caused by primary cardiovascular disease is considered to be a class of cardiovascular renal disorders (CvRD).
TextSentencer_T235 34022-34098 Sentence denotes In small animal medicine, CvRD in cardiac patients is a novel research area.
T19056 34022-34098 Sentence denotes In small animal medicine, CvRD in cardiac patients is a novel research area.
TextSentencer_T236 34099-34265 Sentence denotes In this study we aimed to evaluate CvRD in cats with congestive heart failure (CHF) and primary cardiomyopathy (CM) by measuring cardiac and renal functional markers.
T7004 34099-34265 Sentence denotes In this study we aimed to evaluate CvRD in cats with congestive heart failure (CHF) and primary cardiomyopathy (CM) by measuring cardiac and renal functional markers.
TextSentencer_T237 34266-34398 Sentence denotes Twenty-one client owned cats diagnosed with primary CM (16 CHF and 5 asymptomatic) from a referral Cardiology Service were enrolled.
T88366 34266-34398 Sentence denotes Twenty-one client owned cats diagnosed with primary CM (16 CHF and 5 asymptomatic) from a referral Cardiology Service were enrolled.
TextSentencer_T238 34399-34441 Sentence denotes Twenty healthy cats were used as controls.
T80571 34399-34441 Sentence denotes Twenty healthy cats were used as controls.
TextSentencer_T239 34442-34596 Sentence denotes Serum N-terminal-pro brain naturetic peptide (NT-proBNP), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and creatinine levels were measured in a reference laboratory.
T662 34442-34596 Sentence denotes Serum N-terminal-pro brain naturetic peptide (NT-proBNP), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and creatinine levels were measured in a reference laboratory.
TextSentencer_T240 34597-34673 Sentence denotes Relevant clinical information and survival status of CHF cats were recorded.
T21770 34597-34673 Sentence denotes Relevant clinical information and survival status of CHF cats were recorded.
TextSentencer_T241 34674-34817 Sentence denotes One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's T tests, Spearman's rho and Cox proportional hazards models were used for statistical analysis.
T82978 34674-34817 Sentence denotes One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's T tests, Spearman's rho and Cox proportional hazards models were used for statistical analysis.
TextSentencer_T242 34818-34958 Sentence denotes (C44) ABSTRACTS NT-proBNP, SDMA and creatinine levels were positively correlated and significantly different among the three groups of cats.
T68163 34818-34958 Sentence denotes (C44) ABSTRACTS NT-proBNP, SDMA and creatinine levels were positively correlated and significantly different among the three groups of cats.
TextSentencer_T243 34959-35111 Sentence denotes CHF cats had higher serum NT-proBNP than asymptomatic CM cats and healthy control cats, and higher SDMA and creatinine than healthy controls (P < 0.05).
T98274 34959-35111 Sentence denotes CHF cats had higher serum NT-proBNP than asymptomatic CM cats and healthy control cats, and higher SDMA and creatinine than healthy controls (P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T244 35112-35354 Sentence denotes Cats with CHF that died had higher NT-proBNP (P = 0.001) and SDMA (P = 0.007) but not creatinine (P = 0.922) compared to survivors; however, neither of the markers were significant prognostic factors in multivariable survival analysis models.
T76013 35112-35354 Sentence denotes Cats with CHF that died had higher NT-proBNP (P = 0.001) and SDMA (P = 0.007) but not creatinine (P = 0.922) compared to survivors; however, neither of the markers were significant prognostic factors in multivariable survival analysis models.
TextSentencer_T245 35355-35438 Sentence denotes Study results suggest that CvRD is present in CHF cats with primary cardiomyopathy.
T93625 35355-35438 Sentence denotes Study results suggest that CvRD is present in CHF cats with primary cardiomyopathy.
TextSentencer_T246 35439-35572 Sentence denotes Furthermore, SDMA is a novel biomarker in cats with CHF and primary CM that could be used for disease management and prognostication.
T46890 35439-35572 Sentence denotes Furthermore, SDMA is a novel biomarker in cats with CHF and primary CM that could be used for disease management and prognostication.
TextSentencer_T247 35573-35792 Sentence denotes As a consequence of the turbulent high-velocity flow and changes in fluid shear stress around the mitral valve, changes in platelet function may be involved in the pathogenesis of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).
T73842 35573-35792 Sentence denotes As a consequence of the turbulent high-velocity flow and changes in fluid shear stress around the mitral valve, changes in platelet function may be involved in the pathogenesis of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).
TextSentencer_T248 35793-35909 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to investigate whether the changes in coagulability vary with the severity of MMVD in dogs.
T29380 35793-35909 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to investigate whether the changes in coagulability vary with the severity of MMVD in dogs.
TextSentencer_T249 35910-35965 Sentence denotes We retrospectively reviewed charts from dogs with MMVD.
T57810 35910-35965 Sentence denotes We retrospectively reviewed charts from dogs with MMVD.
TextSentencer_T250 35966-36029 Sentence denotes The classification of MMVD dogs was based on the ACVIM staging.
T53049 35966-36029 Sentence denotes The classification of MMVD dogs was based on the ACVIM staging.
TextSentencer_T251 36030-36403 Sentence denotes We compared results from the following test: white blood cell counts (WBC), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (Fib), Creactive protein (CRP), antithrombin III (ATIII), fibrin degradation products (FDP), activated clotting time (ACT), platelet function (PF), and clot rate (CR).
T44911 36030-36403 Sentence denotes We compared results from the following test: white blood cell counts (WBC), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (Fib), Creactive protein (CRP), antithrombin III (ATIII), fibrin degradation products (FDP), activated clotting time (ACT), platelet function (PF), and clot rate (CR).
TextSentencer_T252 36404-36515 Sentence denotes A total of 95 dogs were evaluated; 27 dogs with ACVIM Stage B2, 45 dogs with Stage C, and 24 dogs with Stage D.
T84430 36404-36515 Sentence denotes A total of 95 dogs were evaluated; 27 dogs with ACVIM Stage B2, 45 dogs with Stage C, and 24 dogs with Stage D.
TextSentencer_T253 36516-36601 Sentence denotes Fibrinogen and CRP were significantly increased as the disease progressed (P < 0.05).
T982 36516-36601 Sentence denotes Fibrinogen and CRP were significantly increased as the disease progressed (P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T254 36602-36705 Sentence denotes Dogs in Stage D had significantly higher WBC, PLT, and PF when compared to dogs in Stage B2 (P < 0.05).
T89665 36602-36705 Sentence denotes Dogs in Stage D had significantly higher WBC, PLT, and PF when compared to dogs in Stage B2 (P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T255 36706-36794 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences in MPV, PT, APTT, ATIII, and FDP among the groups.
T89086 36706-36794 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences in MPV, PT, APTT, ATIII, and FDP among the groups.
TextSentencer_T256 36795-36857 Sentence denotes The platelet function and activity declined in dogs with MMVD.
T29855 36795-36857 Sentence denotes The platelet function and activity declined in dogs with MMVD.
TextSentencer_T257 36858-36958 Sentence denotes WBC, CRP, and Fib increased, which is consistent with increased inflammation as the MMVD progressed.
T62962 36858-36958 Sentence denotes WBC, CRP, and Fib increased, which is consistent with increased inflammation as the MMVD progressed.
TextSentencer_T258 36959-37086 Sentence denotes The inflammatory response may play an important role in increasing platelet function as the mitral valve function deteriorates.
T22786 36959-37086 Sentence denotes The inflammatory response may play an important role in increasing platelet function as the mitral valve function deteriorates.
TextSentencer_T259 37087-37343 Sentence denotes N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) Left atrial rupture (LAR) is an uncommon complication of myxomatous mitral valve disease, usually leading patients to die suddenly or in a few hours, but some dogs can survive for a long period of time.
T57407 37087-37343 Sentence denotes N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) Left atrial rupture (LAR) is an uncommon complication of myxomatous mitral valve disease, usually leading patients to die suddenly or in a few hours, but some dogs can survive for a long period of time.
TextSentencer_T260 37344-37432 Sentence denotes Congestive heart failure (CHF) was previously hypothetized to reduce long term survival.
T20878 37344-37432 Sentence denotes Congestive heart failure (CHF) was previously hypothetized to reduce long term survival.
TextSentencer_T261 37433-37682 Sentence denotes Doppler derived echocardiographic parameters influenced by atrial pressure, such as peak early (E) left ventricular filling wave velocity and E to isovolumic relaxation time (E:IVRT) ratio usually provide informations about congestive heart failure.
T60329 37433-37682 Sentence denotes Doppler derived echocardiographic parameters influenced by atrial pressure, such as peak early (E) left ventricular filling wave velocity and E to isovolumic relaxation time (E:IVRT) ratio usually provide informations about congestive heart failure.
TextSentencer_T262 37683-37906 Sentence denotes Although echocardiographic prediction of CHF at the time of LAR diagnosis would be helpful for prognosis, reduction in left atrial pressure due to chamber emptying to pericardial space could hinder this predictive analysis.
T72016 37683-37906 Sentence denotes Although echocardiographic prediction of CHF at the time of LAR diagnosis would be helpful for prognosis, reduction in left atrial pressure due to chamber emptying to pericardial space could hinder this predictive analysis.
TextSentencer_T263 37907-38409 Sentence denotes The study retrospectively reviewed hospital recordings from dogs with diagnosis of LAR based on necropsy and/or echocardiographic findings, which included all of the following criteria: (1) myxomatous mitral valve disease with mitral regurgitant flow aliased on color Doppler study filling over 60% of the left atrium, (2) LA:Ao ratio > 1.5 on two-dimensional right parasternal short-axis view, (3) pericardial effusion and (4) organized echogenic material suggestive of cloth within pericardial space.
T91694 37907-38409 Sentence denotes The study retrospectively reviewed hospital recordings from dogs with diagnosis of LAR based on necropsy and/or echocardiographic findings, which included all of the following criteria: (1) myxomatous mitral valve disease with mitral regurgitant flow aliased on color Doppler study filling over 60% of the left atrium, (2) LA:Ao ratio > 1.5 on two-dimensional right parasternal short-axis view, (3) pericardial effusion and (4) organized echogenic material suggestive of cloth within pericardial space.
TextSentencer_T264 38410-38466 Sentence denotes Dogs that died from non cardiac cause were not included.
T55339 38410-38466 Sentence denotes Dogs that died from non cardiac cause were not included.
TextSentencer_T265 38467-38558 Sentence denotes Six dogs met the criteria for inclusion, being 4 males and 2 females from different breeds:
T78331 38467-38558 Sentence denotes Six dogs met the criteria for inclusion, being 4 males and 2 females from different breeds:
TextSentencer_T266 38559-38618 Sentence denotes Toy Poodle (n = 3), Pinscher (n = 2) and Chihuahua (n = 1).
T2814 38559-38618 Sentence denotes Toy Poodle (n = 3), Pinscher (n = 2) and Chihuahua (n = 1).
TextSentencer_T267 38619-38722 Sentence denotes Mean age was 12.3 years (range, 10 to 15 years) and mean body weight was 5.0 kg (range, 2.8 to 9.0 kg).
T19003 38619-38722 Sentence denotes Mean age was 12.3 years (range, 10 to 15 years) and mean body weight was 5.0 kg (range, 2.8 to 9.0 kg).
TextSentencer_T268 38723-38806 Sentence denotes Clinical signs included cough (n=6), weakness or colapse (n=5) and tachypnea (n=4).
T5299 38723-38806 Sentence denotes Clinical signs included cough (n=6), weakness or colapse (n=5) and tachypnea (n=4).
TextSentencer_T269 38807-38890 Sentence denotes Most dogs (n = 5) had systolic systemic arterial blood pressure lower than 71 mmHg.
T20757 38807-38890 Sentence denotes Most dogs (n = 5) had systolic systemic arterial blood pressure lower than 71 mmHg.
TextSentencer_T270 38891-39123 Sentence denotes All dogs were hospitalized after diagnosis and had systemic arterial blood pressure greater than 100 mmHg after therapy with intravenous crystalloid (n=6), dobutamine (n = 5), noradrenaline (n = 2) and/or pericardiocentesis (n = 1).
T9754 38891-39123 Sentence denotes All dogs were hospitalized after diagnosis and had systemic arterial blood pressure greater than 100 mmHg after therapy with intravenous crystalloid (n=6), dobutamine (n = 5), noradrenaline (n = 2) and/or pericardiocentesis (n = 1).
TextSentencer_T271 39124-39403 Sentence denotes Thoracic radiographs were performed at the time of LAR diagnosis and 3 dogs had marked interstitial and alveolar perihilar infiltration (CHF group) while the remainder 3 dogs had no pulmonary abnormalities and also no prior history of decompensated heart failure (non-CHF group).
T64995 39124-39403 Sentence denotes Thoracic radiographs were performed at the time of LAR diagnosis and 3 dogs had marked interstitial and alveolar perihilar infiltration (CHF group) while the remainder 3 dogs had no pulmonary abnormalities and also no prior history of decompensated heart failure (non-CHF group).
TextSentencer_T272 39404-39539 Sentence denotes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrinopathy in dogs and its impact on the cardiovascular system is still unclear in this species.
T39438 39404-39539 Sentence denotes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrinopathy in dogs and its impact on the cardiovascular system is still unclear in this species.
TextSentencer_T273 39540-39644 Sentence denotes In human medicine, serum fructosamine concentration (SFC) use as a cardiovascular prognostic is growing.
T74543 39540-39644 Sentence denotes In human medicine, serum fructosamine concentration (SFC) use as a cardiovascular prognostic is growing.
TextSentencer_T274 39645-39779 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to evaluate correlations among systolic blood pressure (SBP), SFC, and insulin dose in use by diabetic dogs.
T37797 39645-39779 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to evaluate correlations among systolic blood pressure (SBP), SFC, and insulin dose in use by diabetic dogs.
TextSentencer_T275 39780-39981 Sentence denotes A cross-sectional study was designed including diabetic dogs under treatment with NPH insulin (mean dose 0.62 U ± 0.24 U/kg, range 0.25 to 1.2 U/kg) for a period of 2 to 60 months (25.6 ± 17.8 months).
T34980 39780-39981 Sentence denotes A cross-sectional study was designed including diabetic dogs under treatment with NPH insulin (mean dose 0.62 U ± 0.24 U/kg, range 0.25 to 1.2 U/kg) for a period of 2 to 60 months (25.6 ± 17.8 months).
TextSentencer_T276 39982-40085 Sentence denotes The patients were assessed by Doppler vascular method to verify SBP in agreement with ACVIM guidelines.
T50647 39982-40085 Sentence denotes The patients were assessed by Doppler vascular method to verify SBP in agreement with ACVIM guidelines.
TextSentencer_T277 40086-40131 Sentence denotes SFC were measurement by a colorimetric assay.
T36685 40086-40131 Sentence denotes SFC were measurement by a colorimetric assay.
TextSentencer_T278 40132-40292 Sentence denotes Eighteen diabetic dogs (10.6 ± 2.9; 10.8 ± 8.1 kg) and twelve healthy control dogs (10.4 ± 3.1 years; 13.0 ± 9.4 kg) paired by breed, sex and age were included.
T5158 40132-40292 Sentence denotes Eighteen diabetic dogs (10.6 ± 2.9; 10.8 ± 8.1 kg) and twelve healthy control dogs (10.4 ± 3.1 years; 13.0 ± 9.4 kg) paired by breed, sex and age were included.
TextSentencer_T279 40293-40446 Sentence denotes There was a significantly positive correlation between SBP and SFC in diabetic dogs (r = 0.54; P < 0.05) as well as in control dogs (r = 0.57; P < 0.01).
T55784 40293-40446 Sentence denotes There was a significantly positive correlation between SBP and SFC in diabetic dogs (r = 0.54; P < 0.05) as well as in control dogs (r = 0.57; P < 0.01).
TextSentencer_T280 40447-40528 Sentence denotes Insulin dose and SBP correlation only approach significance (r = 0.41; P = 0.08).
T63421 40447-40528 Sentence denotes Insulin dose and SBP correlation only approach significance (r = 0.41; P = 0.08).
TextSentencer_T281 40529-40615 Sentence denotes Also, there was no correlation between time of diagnosis and SBP (r = 0.17; P = 0.47).
T46291 40529-40615 Sentence denotes Also, there was no correlation between time of diagnosis and SBP (r = 0.17; P = 0.47).
TextSentencer_T282 40616-40701 Sentence denotes Our findings suggests that there is association between SFC and hypertension in dogs.
T70044 40616-40701 Sentence denotes Our findings suggests that there is association between SFC and hypertension in dogs.
TextSentencer_T283 40702-40931 Sentence denotes This results emphasize the importance of the SBP monitoring in diabetic dogs, and suggests that insulin dose may be a more important factor than the time of diagnosis as a risk factor for hypertension in canine diabetic patients.
T93852 40702-40931 Sentence denotes This results emphasize the importance of the SBP monitoring in diabetic dogs, and suggests that insulin dose may be a more important factor than the time of diagnosis as a risk factor for hypertension in canine diabetic patients.
TextSentencer_T284 40932-41080 Sentence denotes Amiodarone is predominantly a class III anti-arrhythmic drug that also blocks sodium channels, and calcium channels, and beta2-adrenergic receptors.
T92337 40932-41080 Sentence denotes Amiodarone is predominantly a class III anti-arrhythmic drug that also blocks sodium channels, and calcium channels, and beta2-adrenergic receptors.
TextSentencer_T285 41081-41182 Sentence denotes It is commonly used for the treatment of tachyarrhythmias, most notably ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
T13933 41081-41182 Sentence denotes It is commonly used for the treatment of tachyarrhythmias, most notably ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
TextSentencer_T286 41183-41431 Sentence denotes As a lipophilic, iodinated benzofuran-derivative medication, amiodarone has unique pharmacological and structural properties that not only distinguish it from other anti-arrhythmics, but warrants careful surveillance of certain metabolic processes.
T75579 41183-41431 Sentence denotes As a lipophilic, iodinated benzofuran-derivative medication, amiodarone has unique pharmacological and structural properties that not only distinguish it from other anti-arrhythmics, but warrants careful surveillance of certain metabolic processes.
TextSentencer_T287 41432-41562 Sentence denotes Its composition can lead to the inhibition of 5 0deiodinase activity, resulting in a decrease in Triiodothyronine (T3) production.
T43675 41432-41562 Sentence denotes Its composition can lead to the inhibition of 5 0deiodinase activity, resulting in a decrease in Triiodothyronine (T3) production.
TextSentencer_T288 41563-41671 Sentence denotes Amiodarone and its main metabolite, desethylamiodarone may also block T3 binding to its respective receptor.
T17122 41563-41671 Sentence denotes Amiodarone and its main metabolite, desethylamiodarone may also block T3 binding to its respective receptor.
TextSentencer_T289 41672-41741 Sentence denotes Amiodarone induced thyroid dysfunction has been documented in people.
T44370 41672-41741 Sentence denotes Amiodarone induced thyroid dysfunction has been documented in people.
TextSentencer_T290 41742-41850 Sentence denotes We aimed to determine if amiodarone alters thyroid function in dogs treated for significant tachyarrhythmia.
T18869 41742-41850 Sentence denotes We aimed to determine if amiodarone alters thyroid function in dogs treated for significant tachyarrhythmia.
TextSentencer_T291 41851-42092 Sentence denotes Records from our institution were reviewed to find dogs treated for tachyarrhythmias with amiodarone whose retrievable information was complete in regard to amiodarone dosing and thyroid function testing before and after starting amiodarone.
T37486 41851-42092 Sentence denotes Records from our institution were reviewed to find dogs treated for tachyarrhythmias with amiodarone whose retrievable information was complete in regard to amiodarone dosing and thyroid function testing before and after starting amiodarone.
TextSentencer_T292 42093-42518 Sentence denotes Ten client-owned dogs were identified, and their records were evaluated for data regarding history, signalment, anti-arrhythmic medications, echocardiographic findings, other cardiac medications, electrocardiogram findings, Total T4 (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels before and after initiation of amiodarone, amiodarone doses, and length of time between initiation of amiodarone and post T4 and TSH testing.
T60831 42093-42518 Sentence denotes Ten client-owned dogs were identified, and their records were evaluated for data regarding history, signalment, anti-arrhythmic medications, echocardiographic findings, other cardiac medications, electrocardiogram findings, Total T4 (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels before and after initiation of amiodarone, amiodarone doses, and length of time between initiation of amiodarone and post T4 and TSH testing.
TextSentencer_T293 42519-42582 Sentence denotes The median age of evaluated patients was 8 years (range, 7-11).
T5177 42519-42582 Sentence denotes The median age of evaluated patients was 8 years (range, 7-11).
TextSentencer_T294 42583-42649 Sentence denotes There were 6 males and 4 females with no sexually intact patients.
T55722 42583-42649 Sentence denotes There were 6 males and 4 females with no sexually intact patients.
TextSentencer_T295 42650-42837 Sentence denotes Eight dogs initially received other anti-arrhythmic therapy (2/8 mexiletine monotherapy, 2/8 sotalol monotherapy, 3/8 mexiletine/sotalol dual therapy, 1/8 sotalol/diltiazem dual therapy).
T52450 42650-42837 Sentence denotes Eight dogs initially received other anti-arrhythmic therapy (2/8 mexiletine monotherapy, 2/8 sotalol monotherapy, 3/8 mexiletine/sotalol dual therapy, 1/8 sotalol/diltiazem dual therapy).
TextSentencer_T296 42838-42909 Sentence denotes Two dogs did not receive antiarrhythmic medication prior to evaluation.
T67196 42838-42909 Sentence denotes Two dogs did not receive antiarrhythmic medication prior to evaluation.
TextSentencer_T297 42910-43112 Sentence denotes Amiodarone was instituted most commonly in dogs with systolic dysfunction +/-congestive heart failure, intolerance to particular anti-arrhythmic, or tachyarrhythmias refractory to other antiarrhythmics.
T53151 42910-43112 Sentence denotes Amiodarone was instituted most commonly in dogs with systolic dysfunction +/-congestive heart failure, intolerance to particular anti-arrhythmic, or tachyarrhythmias refractory to other antiarrhythmics.
TextSentencer_T298 43113-43279 Sentence denotes Median maintenance amiodarone dose was 7.52 mg/kg/d (range, 6.32-10.17) preceded by a median amiodarone loading dose of 15.46 mg/kg/d (range, 14.14-20.34) for 7 days.
T81294 43113-43279 Sentence denotes Median maintenance amiodarone dose was 7.52 mg/kg/d (range, 6.32-10.17) preceded by a median amiodarone loading dose of 15.46 mg/kg/d (range, 14.14-20.34) for 7 days.
TextSentencer_T299 43280-43425 Sentence denotes The median pre-amiodarone T4 value was 1.2 nmol/L (range, 0.7-1.9), while the median pre-amiodarone TSH value was 0.245 ng/mL (range, 0.06-0.55).
T2389 43280-43425 Sentence denotes The median pre-amiodarone T4 value was 1.2 nmol/L (range, 0.7-1.9), while the median pre-amiodarone TSH value was 0.245 ng/mL (range, 0.06-0.55).
TextSentencer_T300 43426-43552 Sentence denotes Median post-amiodarone T4 was 1.95 nmol/L (range, 0.8-2.8), with median post-amiodarone TSH of 0.565 ng/mL (range, 0.08-1.99).
T86828 43426-43552 Sentence denotes Median post-amiodarone T4 was 1.95 nmol/L (range, 0.8-2.8), with median post-amiodarone TSH of 0.565 ng/mL (range, 0.08-1.99).
TextSentencer_T301 43553-43649 Sentence denotes Wilcoxon signed-rank analysis showed that TSH increased (p = 0.005) after amiodarone initiation.
T21086 43553-43649 Sentence denotes Wilcoxon signed-rank analysis showed that TSH increased (p = 0.005) after amiodarone initiation.
TextSentencer_T302 43650-43932 Sentence denotes Median time to postamiodarone thyroid testing was 37 days (range, 6-239) for T4 and 23.5 days (range, 6-239) for TSH after starting the drug, while median time between pre-amiodarone and post-amiodarone testing was 28.5 days (range, 6-246) for T4 and 24 days (range, 6-246) for TSH.
T38428 43650-43932 Sentence denotes Median time to postamiodarone thyroid testing was 37 days (range, 6-239) for T4 and 23.5 days (range, 6-239) for TSH after starting the drug, while median time between pre-amiodarone and post-amiodarone testing was 28.5 days (range, 6-246) for T4 and 24 days (range, 6-246) for TSH.
TextSentencer_T303 43933-43999 Sentence denotes No clinical signs of hypothyroidism were noted at time of recheck.
T84183 43933-43999 Sentence denotes No clinical signs of hypothyroidism were noted at time of recheck.
TextSentencer_T304 44000-44077 Sentence denotes Amiodarone administration has been shown to alter thyroid function in humans.
T12718 44000-44077 Sentence denotes Amiodarone administration has been shown to alter thyroid function in humans.
TextSentencer_T305 44078-44196 Sentence denotes Our retrospective study aimed to find a relationship between amiodarone administration and thyroid parameters in dogs.
T87140 44078-44196 Sentence denotes Our retrospective study aimed to find a relationship between amiodarone administration and thyroid parameters in dogs.
TextSentencer_T306 44197-44317 Sentence denotes In our study population, TSH increased after amiodarone administration, though no signs of hypothyroidism were observed.
T28319 44197-44317 Sentence denotes In our study population, TSH increased after amiodarone administration, though no signs of hypothyroidism were observed.
TextSentencer_T307 44318-44430 Sentence denotes To our knowledge, thyroid parameter changes have not been previously documented in dogs treated with amiodarone.
T79591 44318-44430 Sentence denotes To our knowledge, thyroid parameter changes have not been previously documented in dogs treated with amiodarone.
TextSentencer_T308 44431-44543 Sentence denotes Additional prospective evaluation with a larger population is needed determine the significance of this finding.
T8661 44431-44543 Sentence denotes Additional prospective evaluation with a larger population is needed determine the significance of this finding.
TextSentencer_T309 44544-45150 Sentence denotes Shiraishi Animal Hospital/Animal Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center/Nihon University, Sayama, Saitama, Japan, 2 Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan, 3 Shiraishi Animal Hospital/Animal Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center/Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Sayama-shi, Saitama, Japan, 4 The University of Tokyo/Animal Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center, Bunko-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 5 Animal Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center / Japan Small Animal Medical Center, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan, 6 Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
T6806 44544-45150 Sentence denotes Shiraishi Animal Hospital/Animal Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center/Nihon University, Sayama, Saitama, Japan, 2 Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan, 3 Shiraishi Animal Hospital/Animal Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center/Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Sayama-shi, Saitama, Japan, 4 The University of Tokyo/Animal Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center, Bunko-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 5 Animal Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center / Japan Small Animal Medical Center, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan, 6 Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
TextSentencer_T310 45151-45321 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of mitral valve plasty (MVP) for treating pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to mitral valve disease in dogs.
T6756 45151-45321 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of mitral valve plasty (MVP) for treating pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to mitral valve disease in dogs.
TextSentencer_T311 45322-45467 Sentence denotes Twenty-three dogs (7-14 years of age) with preoperative PH, that underwent MVP under cardiopulmonary bypass between 2014 and 2017, were included.
T47835 45322-45467 Sentence denotes Twenty-three dogs (7-14 years of age) with preoperative PH, that underwent MVP under cardiopulmonary bypass between 2014 and 2017, were included.
TextSentencer_T312 45468-45572 Sentence denotes PH was diagnosed if the peak tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) velocity was >3 m/s at echocardiography.
T54544 45468-45572 Sentence denotes PH was diagnosed if the peak tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) velocity was >3 m/s at echocardiography.
TextSentencer_T313 45573-45669 Sentence denotes Cardiac examination was performed before the operation and during follow-up (1 month, 3 months).
T88162 45573-45669 Sentence denotes Cardiac examination was performed before the operation and during follow-up (1 month, 3 months).
TextSentencer_T314 45670-45863 Sentence denotes Sildenafil was administered to dogs with residual PH if severe right-side heart overload (flattening of ventricular septum) and/or clinical signs (exercise intolerance, cyanosis) were observed.
T73355 45670-45863 Sentence denotes Sildenafil was administered to dogs with residual PH if severe right-side heart overload (flattening of ventricular septum) and/or clinical signs (exercise intolerance, cyanosis) were observed.
TextSentencer_T315 45864-45934 Sentence denotes Median TR was 3.4 m/s (range 3.1-4.4 m/s) at preoperative examination.
T15260 45864-45934 Sentence denotes Median TR was 3.4 m/s (range 3.1-4.4 m/s) at preoperative examination.
TextSentencer_T316 45935-46004 Sentence denotes There were no deaths due to residual PH until 3 months after surgery.
T38711 45935-46004 Sentence denotes There were no deaths due to residual PH until 3 months after surgery.
TextSentencer_T317 46005-46053 Sentence denotes PH was improved in 9 (45%) patients at 3 months.
T97975 46005-46053 Sentence denotes PH was improved in 9 (45%) patients at 3 months.
TextSentencer_T318 46054-46154 Sentence denotes TR disappeared in 4 patients and TR velocity was decreased in 5 (median 2.5 m/s; range 2.1-2.9 m/s).
T8649 46054-46154 Sentence denotes TR disappeared in 4 patients and TR velocity was decreased in 5 (median 2.5 m/s; range 2.1-2.9 m/s).
TextSentencer_T319 46155-46199 Sentence denotes Eleven (55%) patients exhibited residual PH.
T74177 46155-46199 Sentence denotes Eleven (55%) patients exhibited residual PH.
TextSentencer_T320 46200-46242 Sentence denotes Median TR was 3.3 m/s (range 3.0-3.7 m/s).
T37172 46200-46242 Sentence denotes Median TR was 3.3 m/s (range 3.0-3.7 m/s).
TextSentencer_T321 46243-46293 Sentence denotes Sildenafil was administered to 2 (18.2%) patients.
T41730 46243-46293 Sentence denotes Sildenafil was administered to 2 (18.2%) patients.
TextSentencer_T322 46294-46370 Sentence denotes PH was a negative prognostic factor in dogs with mitral valve regurgitation.
T25653 46294-46370 Sentence denotes PH was a negative prognostic factor in dogs with mitral valve regurgitation.
TextSentencer_T323 46371-46477 Sentence denotes Our results suggest that MVP is an effective treatment for dogs with PH secondary to mitral valve disease.
T24583 46371-46477 Sentence denotes Our results suggest that MVP is an effective treatment for dogs with PH secondary to mitral valve disease.
TextSentencer_T324 46478-46598 Sentence denotes Further study is needed to clarify long-term prognosis and treatment of patients that exhibit residual PH after surgery.
T93818 46478-46598 Sentence denotes Further study is needed to clarify long-term prognosis and treatment of patients that exhibit residual PH after surgery.
TextSentencer_T325 46599-46766 Sentence denotes Detection of equine kidney injury in initial stages, when intervention is likely to be most successful, is hindered by limited markers of early renal damage in horses.
T49665 46599-46766 Sentence denotes Detection of equine kidney injury in initial stages, when intervention is likely to be most successful, is hindered by limited markers of early renal damage in horses.
TextSentencer_T326 46767-46990 Sentence denotes N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), a lysosomal enzyme in renal tubular cells that is released into urine during tubular insult, has shown promise for early identification of acute kidney injury in humans and other species.
T93122 46767-46990 Sentence denotes N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), a lysosomal enzyme in renal tubular cells that is released into urine during tubular insult, has shown promise for early identification of acute kidney injury in humans and other species.
TextSentencer_T327 46991-47149 Sentence denotes The aims of this study were to validate an assay for urinary NAG (uNAG) in horses and to correlate uNAG index with other markers of renal tubular dysfunction.
T40453 46991-47149 Sentence denotes The aims of this study were to validate an assay for urinary NAG (uNAG) in horses and to correlate uNAG index with other markers of renal tubular dysfunction.
TextSentencer_T328 47150-47267 Sentence denotes An enzymatic assay was validated using coefficients of variation (CV), spike and recovery, and linearity of dilution.
T87773 47150-47267 Sentence denotes An enzymatic assay was validated using coefficients of variation (CV), spike and recovery, and linearity of dilution.
TextSentencer_T329 47268-47341 Sentence denotes Urine and plasma were collected from 7 nonazotemic and 7 azotemic horses.
T55709 47268-47341 Sentence denotes Urine and plasma were collected from 7 nonazotemic and 7 azotemic horses.
TextSentencer_T330 47342-47552 Sentence denotes Spearman rank correlation and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare uNAG index with plasma creatinine, urinary fractional excretion of sodium (FE Na ), and urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase (uGGT) index.
T34242 47342-47552 Sentence denotes Spearman rank correlation and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare uNAG index with plasma creatinine, urinary fractional excretion of sodium (FE Na ), and urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase (uGGT) index.
TextSentencer_T331 47553-47653 Sentence denotes Intra-and inter-run CV, percent recovery after spiking, and linearity of dilution were satisfactory.
T74845 47553-47653 Sentence denotes Intra-and inter-run CV, percent recovery after spiking, and linearity of dilution were satisfactory.
TextSentencer_T332 47654-47798 Sentence denotes There were significant correlations between uNAG index and plasma creatinine (p-value < 0.05) and between uNAG index and FE Na (p-value < 0.01).
T73048 47654-47798 Sentence denotes There were significant correlations between uNAG index and plasma creatinine (p-value < 0.05) and between uNAG index and FE Na (p-value < 0.01).
TextSentencer_T333 47799-47955 Sentence denotes Median uNAG indices were significantly higher (p-value < 0.05) in azotemic horses, in horses with increased FE Na , and in horses with increased uGGT index.
T48017 47799-47955 Sentence denotes Median uNAG indices were significantly higher (p-value < 0.05) in azotemic horses, in horses with increased FE Na , and in horses with increased uGGT index.
TextSentencer_T334 47956-48061 Sentence denotes Urinary NAG can be measured in horses and shows correlation with current biomarkers of renal dysfunction.
T84836 47956-48061 Sentence denotes Urinary NAG can be measured in horses and shows correlation with current biomarkers of renal dysfunction.
TextSentencer_T335 48062-48235 Sentence denotes Additional work is needed to determine the timing of increase in uNAG index relative to onset of kidney injury in horses and to evaluate clinical utility in equine patients.
T3400 48062-48235 Sentence denotes Additional work is needed to determine the timing of increase in uNAG index relative to onset of kidney injury in horses and to evaluate clinical utility in equine patients.
TextSentencer_T336 48236-48271 Sentence denotes Twenty-eight cases were identified.
T59422 48236-48271 Sentence denotes Twenty-eight cases were identified.
TextSentencer_T337 48272-48342 Sentence denotes Prevalence of UTI in our equine cases was 0.13% between 2009 and 2016.
T9175 48272-48342 Sentence denotes Prevalence of UTI in our equine cases was 0.13% between 2009 and 2016.
TextSentencer_T338 48343-48506 Sentence denotes Trakehner and Holsteiner horses were significantly overrepresented compared to the hospital population (p < 0.05) and UTI were more frequent in females (p < 0.05).
T31649 48343-48506 Sentence denotes Trakehner and Holsteiner horses were significantly overrepresented compared to the hospital population (p < 0.05) and UTI were more frequent in females (p < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T339 48507-48653 Sentence denotes Urinary tract infections were associated with other diagnostics involving the urinary tract such as bladder emptying problems in 64% of the cases.
T21235 48507-48653 Sentence denotes Urinary tract infections were associated with other diagnostics involving the urinary tract such as bladder emptying problems in 64% of the cases.
TextSentencer_T340 48654-48706 Sentence denotes Eighty-four bacteria were isolated from 54 cultures.
T81651 48654-48706 Sentence denotes Eighty-four bacteria were isolated from 54 cultures.
TextSentencer_T341 48707-48835 Sentence denotes Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were the most common bacteria representing respectively 31% and 29% of isolated bacteria.
T41490 48707-48835 Sentence denotes Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were the most common bacteria representing respectively 31% and 29% of isolated bacteria.
TextSentencer_T342 48836-49062 Sentence denotes Trimethoprim-sulfonamide, enrofloxacin and ceftiofur were the most commonly used antibiotics, especially at the beginning of hospitalization, and respectively 22%, 39% and 42% of isolated bacteria were sensible to these drugs.
T52549 48836-49062 Sentence denotes Trimethoprim-sulfonamide, enrofloxacin and ceftiofur were the most commonly used antibiotics, especially at the beginning of hospitalization, and respectively 22%, 39% and 42% of isolated bacteria were sensible to these drugs.
TextSentencer_T343 49063-49126 Sentence denotes Seventy percent of isolated bacteria were multi-drug resistant.
T95206 49063-49126 Sentence denotes Seventy percent of isolated bacteria were multi-drug resistant.
TextSentencer_T344 49127-49239 Sentence denotes These results have to be placed in a context where two equine patients represented 31% of the isolated bacteria.
T97382 49127-49239 Sentence denotes These results have to be placed in a context where two equine patients represented 31% of the isolated bacteria.
TextSentencer_T345 49240-49312 Sentence denotes Evaluation of the response to treatment was limited by the study design.
T64135 49240-49312 Sentence denotes Evaluation of the response to treatment was limited by the study design.
TextSentencer_T346 49313-49403 Sentence denotes In conclusion, UTI is uncommon in horses and we identified a breed and sex predisposition.
T9101 49313-49403 Sentence denotes In conclusion, UTI is uncommon in horses and we identified a breed and sex predisposition.
TextSentencer_T347 49404-49618 Sentence denotes Both gram positive and negative bacteria were identified, and a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria can represent a therapeutic challenge in horses with urinary tract infections in an hospital setting.
T94025 49404-49618 Sentence denotes Both gram positive and negative bacteria were identified, and a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria can represent a therapeutic challenge in horses with urinary tract infections in an hospital setting.
TextSentencer_T348 49619-49750 Sentence denotes The study aim was to apply a validated canine scoring system to assess the incidence of acute kidney injury in hospitalized horses.
T50246 49619-49750 Sentence denotes The study aim was to apply a validated canine scoring system to assess the incidence of acute kidney injury in hospitalized horses.
TextSentencer_T349 49751-49864 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that the incidence of acute kidney injury in horses is similar to that reported in other species.
T84663 49751-49864 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that the incidence of acute kidney injury in horses is similar to that reported in other species.
TextSentencer_T350 49865-49954 Sentence denotes Clinical records from hospitalized adult horses, August 2015-October 2017, were reviewed.
T66463 49865-49954 Sentence denotes Clinical records from hospitalized adult horses, August 2015-October 2017, were reviewed.
TextSentencer_T351 49955-50056 Sentence denotes Horses must have been hospitalized for ≥3 days and had serum creatinine concentration measured twice.
T87529 49955-50056 Sentence denotes Horses must have been hospitalized for ≥3 days and had serum creatinine concentration measured twice.
TextSentencer_T352 50057-50176 Sentence denotes Horses that were diagnosed with primary renal pathology or were azotaemic on baseline serum biochemistry were excluded.
T20942 50057-50176 Sentence denotes Horses that were diagnosed with primary renal pathology or were azotaemic on baseline serum biochemistry were excluded.
TextSentencer_T353 50177-50409 Sentence denotes A veterinary acute kidney injury scoring system was applied based on percentage increase in serum creatinine concentration from baseline: stage 0 (< 150%), stage 1 (150-199% or ≥ 26.5 μmol/L), stage 2 (200-299%) or stage 3 (≥ 300%).
T60116 50177-50409 Sentence denotes A veterinary acute kidney injury scoring system was applied based on percentage increase in serum creatinine concentration from baseline: stage 0 (< 150%), stage 1 (150-199% or ≥ 26.5 μmol/L), stage 2 (200-299%) or stage 3 (≥ 300%).
TextSentencer_T354 50410-50478 Sentence denotes 227 horses were included; 17.6% had an acute kidney injury (40/227).
T86029 50410-50478 Sentence denotes 227 horses were included; 17.6% had an acute kidney injury (40/227).
TextSentencer_T355 50479-50549 Sentence denotes 16.7% were classified at stage 1 (38/227) and 0.9% as stage 2 (2/227).
T65918 50479-50549 Sentence denotes 16.7% were classified at stage 1 (38/227) and 0.9% as stage 2 (2/227).
TextSentencer_T356 50550-50593 Sentence denotes No horse had a stage 3 acute kidney injury.
T9480 50550-50593 Sentence denotes No horse had a stage 3 acute kidney injury.
TextSentencer_T357 50594-50720 Sentence denotes The incidence of acute kidney injury in this population of hospitalized horses is similar to that reported in dogs and humans.
T9979 50594-50720 Sentence denotes The incidence of acute kidney injury in this population of hospitalized horses is similar to that reported in dogs and humans.
TextSentencer_T358 50721-50862 Sentence denotes Serum creatinine concentrations could be monitored in hospitalized horses to allow identification and early treatment of acute kidney injury.
T14579 50721-50862 Sentence denotes Serum creatinine concentrations could be monitored in hospitalized horses to allow identification and early treatment of acute kidney injury.
TextSentencer_T359 50863-50970 Sentence denotes Further work is required to establish the impact of stage 1 acute kidney injury on long term equine health.
T7681 50863-50970 Sentence denotes Further work is required to establish the impact of stage 1 acute kidney injury on long term equine health.
TextSentencer_T360 50971-51209 Sentence denotes Comparison of Two Collection Methods for Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis from the Standing, Sedate Adult Horse practiced; however, CSF collection from the space between the first and second cervical vertebrae (C1-C2) has also been described.
T21265 50971-51209 Sentence denotes Comparison of Two Collection Methods for Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis from the Standing, Sedate Adult Horse practiced; however, CSF collection from the space between the first and second cervical vertebrae (C1-C2) has also been described.
TextSentencer_T361 51210-51367 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to compare collection times, CSF cytology results, and equine protozoal myelitis (EPM) titers between the two collection sites.
T40723 51210-51367 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to compare collection times, CSF cytology results, and equine protozoal myelitis (EPM) titers between the two collection sites.
TextSentencer_T362 51368-51462 Sentence denotes Healthy adult horses (n=14) and horses with a complaint of neurologic disease (n=7) were used.
T79600 51368-51462 Sentence denotes Healthy adult horses (n=14) and horses with a complaint of neurologic disease (n=7) were used.
TextSentencer_T363 51463-51533 Sentence denotes Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from both sites in randomized order.
T24506 51463-51533 Sentence denotes Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from both sites in randomized order.
TextSentencer_T364 51534-51662 Sentence denotes Continuous data were analyzed using mixed-effects linear models and count data using mixed-effects negative binomial regression.
T44038 51534-51662 Sentence denotes Continuous data were analyzed using mixed-effects linear models and count data using mixed-effects negative binomial regression.
TextSentencer_T365 51663-51708 Sentence denotes Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
T1999 51663-51708 Sentence denotes Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
TextSentencer_T366 51709-51960 Sentence denotes Medical records of adult horses and foals admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 1979 through 2017 were examined for cases presenting with signs of diffuse brain disease, and serological or postmortem diagnosis of Eastern Equine Encephalitis.
T99728 51709-51960 Sentence denotes Medical records of adult horses and foals admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 1979 through 2017 were examined for cases presenting with signs of diffuse brain disease, and serological or postmortem diagnosis of Eastern Equine Encephalitis.
TextSentencer_T367 51961-52014 Sentence denotes There were 104 cases that met the inclusion criteria.
T25072 51961-52014 Sentence denotes There were 104 cases that met the inclusion criteria.
TextSentencer_T368 52015-52233 Sentence denotes Data retrieved included season at admission, signalment, physical examination, neurologic evaluation, and clinicopathologic findings at presentation; as well as duration of hospitalization, treatment, and case outcome.
T92408 52015-52233 Sentence denotes Data retrieved included season at admission, signalment, physical examination, neurologic evaluation, and clinicopathologic findings at presentation; as well as duration of hospitalization, treatment, and case outcome.
TextSentencer_T369 52234-52347 Sentence denotes Where available, historical information (i.e. vaccination status, treatment prior to referral) was also included.
T70531 52234-52347 Sentence denotes Where available, historical information (i.e. vaccination status, treatment prior to referral) was also included.
TextSentencer_T370 52348-52400 Sentence denotes The median age at presentation was 1.4 years (range:
T39651 52348-52400 Sentence denotes The median age at presentation was 1.4 years (range:
TextSentencer_T371 52401-52473 Sentence denotes 0.1-13.4 years), with Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse breeds most common.
T21046 52401-52473 Sentence denotes 0.1-13.4 years), with Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse breeds most common.
TextSentencer_T372 52474-52598 Sentence denotes Cases were typically admitted during summer (63 %), and less frequently during spring (17 %), fall (11 %), and winter (9 %).
T61273 52474-52598 Sentence denotes Cases were typically admitted during summer (63 %), and less frequently during spring (17 %), fall (11 %), and winter (9 %).
TextSentencer_T373 52599-52693 Sentence denotes Prognosis associated with equine lymphoma is often grave, and treatment is often non-curative.
T56829 52599-52693 Sentence denotes Prognosis associated with equine lymphoma is often grave, and treatment is often non-curative.
TextSentencer_T374 52694-52793 Sentence denotes Few studies have evaluated long-term outcome following chemotherapy in horses treated for lymphoma.
T29183 52694-52793 Sentence denotes Few studies have evaluated long-term outcome following chemotherapy in horses treated for lymphoma.
TextSentencer_T375 52794-52916 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to report long-term outcome of horses with lymphoma treated with chemotherapeutic protocols.
T14500 52794-52916 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to report long-term outcome of horses with lymphoma treated with chemotherapeutic protocols.
TextSentencer_T376 52917-53051 Sentence denotes Eleven horses were included following medical record search and case recruitment via the ACVIM LAIM and Oncology Diplomate listserves.
T14824 52917-53051 Sentence denotes Eleven horses were included following medical record search and case recruitment via the ACVIM LAIM and Oncology Diplomate listserves.
TextSentencer_T377 53052-53131 Sentence denotes Eight horses had multicentric lymphoma and three horses had cutaneous lymphoma.
T86015 53052-53131 Sentence denotes Eight horses had multicentric lymphoma and three horses had cutaneous lymphoma.
TextSentencer_T378 53132-53229 Sentence denotes T-cell rich large B-cell lymphoma was the most common immunohistochemical classification (n = 6).
T2719 53132-53229 Sentence denotes T-cell rich large B-cell lymphoma was the most common immunohistochemical classification (n = 6).
TextSentencer_T379 53230-53302 Sentence denotes Three horses were EHV-5 positive on biopsy samples of neoplastic tissue.
T89300 53230-53302 Sentence denotes Three horses were EHV-5 positive on biopsy samples of neoplastic tissue.
TextSentencer_T380 53303-53536 Sentence denotes Chemotherapeutic agents included cyclophosphamide (n = 9), vincristine (n = 9), lomustine (n = 8), L-asparaginase (n = 7), doxorubicin (n = 6), cytosine arabinoside (n = 2), chlorambucil (n = 1), and intra-lesional cisplatin (n = 1).
T64772 53303-53536 Sentence denotes Chemotherapeutic agents included cyclophosphamide (n = 9), vincristine (n = 9), lomustine (n = 8), L-asparaginase (n = 7), doxorubicin (n = 6), cytosine arabinoside (n = 2), chlorambucil (n = 1), and intra-lesional cisplatin (n = 1).
TextSentencer_T381 53537-53617 Sentence denotes Adjunctive treatments included corticosteroids (n = 9) and valacyclovir (n = 3).
T62271 53537-53617 Sentence denotes Adjunctive treatments included corticosteroids (n = 9) and valacyclovir (n = 3).
TextSentencer_T382 53618-53797 Sentence denotes Complete remission was achieved in 5 horses (45.5%), partial response was achieved in 3 horses (27.3%), stable disease was achieved in 1 horse, and 2 horses died during treatment.
T67263 53618-53797 Sentence denotes Complete remission was achieved in 5 horses (45.5%), partial response was achieved in 3 horses (27.3%), stable disease was achieved in 1 horse, and 2 horses died during treatment.
TextSentencer_T383 53798-53835 Sentence denotes Overall response rate was 73% (8/11).
T20948 53798-53835 Sentence denotes Overall response rate was 73% (8/11).
TextSentencer_T384 53836-53908 Sentence denotes All 3 horses with EHV-5 associated lymphoma achieved complete remission.
T71398 53836-53908 Sentence denotes All 3 horses with EHV-5 associated lymphoma achieved complete remission.
TextSentencer_T385 53909-53977 Sentence denotes Two pregnant mares were treated, with one mare surviving to foaling.
T60931 53909-53977 Sentence denotes Two pregnant mares were treated, with one mare surviving to foaling.
TextSentencer_T386 53978-54043 Sentence denotes Overall median survival time was 13 months (range, 1 -41 months).
T48483 53978-54043 Sentence denotes Overall median survival time was 13 months (range, 1 -41 months).
TextSentencer_T387 54044-54229 Sentence denotes Median survival time for multicentric lymphoma (n = 8) was 7.5 months (range, 1 -28 months) and median survival time for cutaneous lymphoma (n = 3) was 21 months (range, 16 -41 months).
T93713 54044-54229 Sentence denotes Median survival time for multicentric lymphoma (n = 8) was 7.5 months (range, 1 -28 months) and median survival time for cutaneous lymphoma (n = 3) was 21 months (range, 16 -41 months).
TextSentencer_T388 54230-54325 Sentence denotes Seven of 11 horses exhibited a total of 11 adverse effects directly attributed to chemotherapy.
T91010 54230-54325 Sentence denotes Seven of 11 horses exhibited a total of 11 adverse effects directly attributed to chemotherapy.
TextSentencer_T389 54326-54707 Sentence denotes Adverse effects were graded according to the VCOG-CTCAE grading system (grade 1 alopecia, n = 2; grade 1 combined neutropenia and lymphopenia, n = 2; grade 1 lymphopenia, n = 1; grade 1 lethargy, n = 1; grade 2 gastrointestinal signs, n = 1; grade 2 injection site reaction, n = 1; grade 2 hypersensitivity, n = 1; grade 4 hypersensitivity, n = 1; grade 5 hypersensitivity, n = 1).
T63242 54326-54707 Sentence denotes Adverse effects were graded according to the VCOG-CTCAE grading system (grade 1 alopecia, n = 2; grade 1 combined neutropenia and lymphopenia, n = 2; grade 1 lymphopenia, n = 1; grade 1 lethargy, n = 1; grade 2 gastrointestinal signs, n = 1; grade 2 injection site reaction, n = 1; grade 2 hypersensitivity, n = 1; grade 4 hypersensitivity, n = 1; grade 5 hypersensitivity, n = 1).
TextSentencer_T390 54708-54867 Sentence denotes Higher grade adverse effects were most commonly associated with doxorubicin administration (n = 3), including one horse that died 18 hours post-administration.
T11930 54708-54867 Sentence denotes Higher grade adverse effects were most commonly associated with doxorubicin administration (n = 3), including one horse that died 18 hours post-administration.
TextSentencer_T391 54868-54960 Sentence denotes This report is limited by its retrospective nature, particularly the variation in treatment.
T79921 54868-54960 Sentence denotes This report is limited by its retrospective nature, particularly the variation in treatment.
TextSentencer_T392 54961-55066 Sentence denotes However, these findings show that chemotherapy can be used successfully for treatment of equine lymphoma.
T48460 54961-55066 Sentence denotes However, these findings show that chemotherapy can be used successfully for treatment of equine lymphoma.
TextSentencer_T393 55067-55158 Sentence denotes Adverse effects, most commonly mild, occurred in approximately two-thirds of treated cases.
T32879 55067-55158 Sentence denotes Adverse effects, most commonly mild, occurred in approximately two-thirds of treated cases.
TextSentencer_T394 55159-55515 Sentence denotes Medical and Surgical Treatment of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in 17 Equids (1999) (2000) (2001) (2002) (2003) (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) (2012) (2013) (2014) (2015) (2016) parathyroid hormone (PTH); 2) normal PTH with high calcium and negative PTH-related protein; or 3) histopathologic identification of a parathyroid adenoma.
T11692 55159-55515 Sentence denotes Medical and Surgical Treatment of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in 17 Equids (1999) (2000) (2001) (2002) (2003) (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) (2012) (2013) (2014) (2015) (2016) parathyroid hormone (PTH); 2) normal PTH with high calcium and negative PTH-related protein; or 3) histopathologic identification of a parathyroid adenoma.
TextSentencer_T395 55516-55577 Sentence denotes Sixteen horses and one mule fulfilled the inclusion criteria.
T3161 55516-55577 Sentence denotes Sixteen horses and one mule fulfilled the inclusion criteria.
TextSentencer_T396 55578-55693 Sentence denotes The most common presenting complaints included weight loss (12), hypercalcemia (10), anorexia (6) , and colic (2) .
T93179 55578-55693 Sentence denotes The most common presenting complaints included weight loss (12), hypercalcemia (10), anorexia (6) , and colic (2) .
TextSentencer_T397 55694-55871 Sentence denotes The median ionized calcium at presentation was 2.66 mmol/L (range, 2.14 -4.95 mmol/L; reference range 1.58 -1.9 mmol/L), and the median PTH concentration was 23.7 pmol/L (range:
T8579 55694-55871 Sentence denotes The median ionized calcium at presentation was 2.66 mmol/L (range, 2.14 -4.95 mmol/L; reference range 1.58 -1.9 mmol/L), and the median PTH concentration was 23.7 pmol/L (range:
TextSentencer_T398 55872-55924 Sentence denotes 3.8 -128.63 pmol/L; reference range 0.6 -11 pmol/L).
T28883 55872-55924 Sentence denotes 3.8 -128.63 pmol/L; reference range 0.6 -11 pmol/L).
TextSentencer_T399 55925-56072 Sentence denotes Suspected abnormal parathyroid tissue was localized in 12/17 equids by ultrasonography (7/13) and/or technetium 99m sestamibi scintigraphy (10/11).
T5559 55925-56072 Sentence denotes Suspected abnormal parathyroid tissue was localized in 12/17 equids by ultrasonography (7/13) and/or technetium 99m sestamibi scintigraphy (10/11).
TextSentencer_T400 56073-56192 Sentence denotes Five out of five successfully excised tumors were located at the thoracic inlet, and surgery resulted in complete cure.
T81025 56073-56192 Sentence denotes Five out of five successfully excised tumors were located at the thoracic inlet, and surgery resulted in complete cure.
TextSentencer_T401 56193-56289 Sentence denotes One peri-thyroid tumor was excised; however, the horse remained hypercalcemic following surgery.
T37711 56193-56289 Sentence denotes One peri-thyroid tumor was excised; however, the horse remained hypercalcemic following surgery.
TextSentencer_T402 56290-56404 Sentence denotes Four additional cases treated surgically, five treated medically, and two not treated also remained hypercalcemic.
T86417 56290-56404 Sentence denotes Four additional cases treated surgically, five treated medically, and two not treated also remained hypercalcemic.
TextSentencer_T403 56405-56507 Sentence denotes Parathyroid adenomas in equids can be successfully localized with ultrasonography and/or scintigraphy.
T12443 56405-56507 Sentence denotes Parathyroid adenomas in equids can be successfully localized with ultrasonography and/or scintigraphy.
TextSentencer_T404 56508-56626 Sentence denotes Surgical excision appears more likely to be successful if a single abnormal gland is identified at the thoracic inlet.
T86081 56508-56626 Sentence denotes Surgical excision appears more likely to be successful if a single abnormal gland is identified at the thoracic inlet.
TextSentencer_T405 56627-56662 Sentence denotes Client-owned horses were recruited.
T53854 56627-56662 Sentence denotes Client-owned horses were recruited.
TextSentencer_T406 56663-56842 Sentence denotes Horses with abnormal physical examination or complete blood cell count, incomplete data, or with signs of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction were excluded from further testing.
T88831 56663-56842 Sentence denotes Horses with abnormal physical examination or complete blood cell count, incomplete data, or with signs of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction were excluded from further testing.
TextSentencer_T407 56843-56896 Sentence denotes The CGIT was performed after overnight grain fasting.
T69057 56843-56896 Sentence denotes The CGIT was performed after overnight grain fasting.
TextSentencer_T408 56897-57017 Sentence denotes Serum samples were stored at -80 C and the biomarkers were tested via previously validated ELISA or colorimetric assays.
T98719 56897-57017 Sentence denotes Serum samples were stored at -80 C and the biomarkers were tested via previously validated ELISA or colorimetric assays.
TextSentencer_T409 57018-57148 Sentence denotes Age, body condition score (BCS), cresty neck score (CNS), baseline glucose, baseline insulin and triglycerides were also recorded.
T1782 57018-57148 Sentence denotes Age, body condition score (BCS), cresty neck score (CNS), baseline glucose, baseline insulin and triglycerides were also recorded.
TextSentencer_T410 57149-57259 Sentence denotes Characteristics of horses categorized as having insulin dysregulation and of those that did not were compared.
T26052 57149-57259 Sentence denotes Characteristics of horses categorized as having insulin dysregulation and of those that did not were compared.
TextSentencer_T411 57260-57372 Sentence denotes Of the 32 horses that met inclusion criteria, 12 horses (37.5%) were determined as having insulin dysregulation.
T34031 57260-57372 Sentence denotes Of the 32 horses that met inclusion criteria, 12 horses (37.5%) were determined as having insulin dysregulation.
TextSentencer_T412 57373-57526 Sentence denotes Age, BCS, baseline glucose, triglycerides, MG, D-lactate, L-lactate, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 did not differ significantly between the two groups of horses.
T91603 57373-57526 Sentence denotes Age, BCS, baseline glucose, triglycerides, MG, D-lactate, L-lactate, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 did not differ significantly between the two groups of horses.
TextSentencer_T413 57527-57680 Sentence denotes In univariate analysis, baseline insulin was significantly associated with insulin dysregulation (P < 0.05), but not in multivariate logistic regression.
T43561 57527-57680 Sentence denotes In univariate analysis, baseline insulin was significantly associated with insulin dysregulation (P < 0.05), but not in multivariate logistic regression.
TextSentencer_T414 57681-57785 Sentence denotes Of note, horses with CNS ≥ 3 had 11 times higher odds of having insulin dysregulation (OR 11.3, 95% C.I.
T21003 57681-57785 Sentence denotes Of note, horses with CNS ≥ 3 had 11 times higher odds of having insulin dysregulation (OR 11.3, 95% C.I.
TextSentencer_T415 57786-57808 Sentence denotes 2.04-63.08, P < 0.05).
T86817 57786-57808 Sentence denotes 2.04-63.08, P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T416 57809-57913 Sentence denotes In this study, inflammatory markers, MG and D-lactate were not good predictors of insulin dysregulation.
T82698 57809-57913 Sentence denotes In this study, inflammatory markers, MG and D-lactate were not good predictors of insulin dysregulation.
TextSentencer_T417 57914-58018 Sentence denotes The EIA has been evaluated in horses, however, information is lacking in healthy and sick newborn foals.
T73285 57914-58018 Sentence denotes The EIA has been evaluated in horses, however, information is lacking in healthy and sick newborn foals.
TextSentencer_T418 58019-58187 Sentence denotes Our study sought to evaluate GLP-1 (total and active), GIP, and insulin response to fasting and dextrose (oral and intravenous) administration in healthy newborn foals.
T70557 58019-58187 Sentence denotes Our study sought to evaluate GLP-1 (total and active), GIP, and insulin response to fasting and dextrose (oral and intravenous) administration in healthy newborn foals.
TextSentencer_T419 58188-58296 Sentence denotes Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in 17 healthy Standardbred foals < 72 hours old.
T79395 58188-58296 Sentence denotes Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in 17 healthy Standardbred foals < 72 hours old.
TextSentencer_T420 58297-58406 Sentence denotes Following 1 hour of fasting, a bolus of dextrose (300 or 500 mg/kg) was administered orally or intravenously.
T88974 58297-58406 Sentence denotes Following 1 hour of fasting, a bolus of dextrose (300 or 500 mg/kg) was administered orally or intravenously.
TextSentencer_T421 58407-58619 Sentence denotes Blood incretin and insulin concentrations were measured at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 In foals allowed to nurse, incretin concentrations increased above baseline within 15 minutes of nursing.
T36434 58407-58619 Sentence denotes Blood incretin and insulin concentrations were measured at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 In foals allowed to nurse, incretin concentrations increased above baseline within 15 minutes of nursing.
TextSentencer_T422 58620-58897 Sentence denotes Minimal incretin response with oral dextrose but rapid incretin release after nursing indicates that 500 mg/kg was insufficient for a strong EIA stimulation, that higher dextrose dosing is required, or that factors in milk may be important to activate the EIA in newborn foals.
T3281 58620-58897 Sentence denotes Minimal incretin response with oral dextrose but rapid incretin release after nursing indicates that 500 mg/kg was insufficient for a strong EIA stimulation, that higher dextrose dosing is required, or that factors in milk may be important to activate the EIA in newborn foals.
TextSentencer_T423 58898-59107 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to determine if hyperinsulinaemia could be reduced and laminitis prevented in insulin-dysregulated ponies, by using the sodium-glucose co-transport 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor velagliflozin.
T77222 58898-59107 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to determine if hyperinsulinaemia could be reduced and laminitis prevented in insulin-dysregulated ponies, by using the sodium-glucose co-transport 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor velagliflozin.
TextSentencer_T424 59108-59334 Sentence denotes Forty-nine ponies with varying degrees of insulin dysregulation, based on an oral glucose test (1 g dextrose/kg BW), received either velagliflozin (0.3 mg/kg, p.o., s.i.d., n = 12), or a placebo (n = 37), throughout the study.
T99270 59108-59334 Sentence denotes Forty-nine ponies with varying degrees of insulin dysregulation, based on an oral glucose test (1 g dextrose/kg BW), received either velagliflozin (0.3 mg/kg, p.o., s.i.d., n = 12), or a placebo (n = 37), throughout the study.
TextSentencer_T425 59335-59467 Sentence denotes A maintenance diet of lucerne hay was fed for 3 weeks, followed by a high-NSC challenge diet (12 g NSC/kg BW/day) for up to 18 days.
T53379 59335-59467 Sentence denotes A maintenance diet of lucerne hay was fed for 3 weeks, followed by a high-NSC challenge diet (12 g NSC/kg BW/day) for up to 18 days.
TextSentencer_T426 59468-59577 Sentence denotes On the second day of the diet challenge blood glucose and serum insulin were measured over 4 h after feeding.
T5669 59468-59577 Sentence denotes On the second day of the diet challenge blood glucose and serum insulin were measured over 4 h after feeding.
TextSentencer_T427 59578-59627 Sentence denotes Results are expressed as geometric mean (95% CI).
T59278 59578-59627 Sentence denotes Results are expressed as geometric mean (95% CI).
TextSentencer_T428 59628-59756 Sentence denotes The maximum concentration of glucose was lower (P = 0.022) for the velagliflozin group at 9.4 mM (8.0 -11.0) versus 11.9 mM (10.
T9296 59628-59756 Sentence denotes The maximum concentration of glucose was lower (P = 0.022) for the velagliflozin group at 9.4 mM (8.0 -11.0) versus 11.9 mM (10.
TextSentencer_T429 59757-59861 Sentence denotes 5 -13.4) Oral glucose tests (OGT) are currently recommended for diagnosis of insulin dysregulation (ID).
T78494 59757-59861 Sentence denotes 5 -13.4) Oral glucose tests (OGT) are currently recommended for diagnosis of insulin dysregulation (ID).
TextSentencer_T430 59862-60027 Sentence denotes As horses suffering from ID are prone to laminitis especially when exposed to high amounts of sugar it would be desirable to reduce the amount of diagnostic glucose.
T50901 59862-60027 Sentence denotes As horses suffering from ID are prone to laminitis especially when exposed to high amounts of sugar it would be desirable to reduce the amount of diagnostic glucose.
TextSentencer_T431 60028-60104 Sentence denotes Furthermore, a reduced glucose amount enables various routes of application.
T51918 60028-60104 Sentence denotes Furthermore, a reduced glucose amount enables various routes of application.
TextSentencer_T432 60105-60351 Sentence denotes Aim of this study was to determine whether a dosage of 0.25g or 0.5g glucose per kg bodyweight (BW) instead of 1g/kg BW would be useful for clinical settings and sufficient to distinguish between insulin sensitive and insulin dysregulated horses.
T84489 60105-60351 Sentence denotes Aim of this study was to determine whether a dosage of 0.25g or 0.5g glucose per kg bodyweight (BW) instead of 1g/kg BW would be useful for clinical settings and sufficient to distinguish between insulin sensitive and insulin dysregulated horses.
TextSentencer_T433 60352-60604 Sentence denotes Eighteen Icelandic horses of different sex, age, bodyweight and uncertain metabolic status were tested each by application of 0.25g/kg BW (LOGT), 0.5g/kg BW (MOGT) and 1g/kg BW (OGT) glucose dissolved in 2L water and administered via naso-gastric-tube.
T25541 60352-60604 Sentence denotes Eighteen Icelandic horses of different sex, age, bodyweight and uncertain metabolic status were tested each by application of 0.25g/kg BW (LOGT), 0.5g/kg BW (MOGT) and 1g/kg BW (OGT) glucose dissolved in 2L water and administered via naso-gastric-tube.
TextSentencer_T434 60605-60691 Sentence denotes Blood samples were collected for five hours and were analyzed for insulin and glucose.
T75034 60605-60691 Sentence denotes Blood samples were collected for five hours and were analyzed for insulin and glucose.
TextSentencer_T435 60692-60892 Sentence denotes Blood glucose concentration was significantly lower in LOGT compared to OGT (P < 0.0004) from 60 minutes and significantly lower in MOGT compared to OGT from 90 minutes (P < 0.0001) after application.
T34744 60692-60892 Sentence denotes Blood glucose concentration was significantly lower in LOGT compared to OGT (P < 0.0004) from 60 minutes and significantly lower in MOGT compared to OGT from 90 minutes (P < 0.0001) after application.
TextSentencer_T436 60893-61011 Sentence denotes Insulin concentration after 30 minutes was significantly lower in LOGT compared to MOGT (P < 0.05) and OGT (P < 0.01).
T47359 60893-61011 Sentence denotes Insulin concentration after 30 minutes was significantly lower in LOGT compared to MOGT (P < 0.05) and OGT (P < 0.01).
TextSentencer_T437 61012-61127 Sentence denotes No statistically different insulin concentrations were detected between MOGT and OGT until 135 minutes (P < 0.001).
T91632 61012-61127 Sentence denotes No statistically different insulin concentrations were detected between MOGT and OGT until 135 minutes (P < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T438 61128-61259 Sentence denotes Moreover, insulin dynamics in MOGT and OGT allowed satisfying differentiation in insulin sensitive and insulin dysregulated horses.
T51326 61128-61259 Sentence denotes Moreover, insulin dynamics in MOGT and OGT allowed satisfying differentiation in insulin sensitive and insulin dysregulated horses.
TextSentencer_T439 61260-61368 Sentence denotes Summing up, a reduction of glucose to 0.5g/kg BW in OGT can be recommended without loss of diagnostic value.
T83019 61260-61368 Sentence denotes Summing up, a reduction of glucose to 0.5g/kg BW in OGT can be recommended without loss of diagnostic value.
TextSentencer_T440 61369-61451 Sentence denotes In experiment 1, 14 horses were allowed access to hay or pasture prior to the OST.
T41036 61369-61451 Sentence denotes In experiment 1, 14 horses were allowed access to hay or pasture prior to the OST.
TextSentencer_T441 61452-61518 Sentence denotes In experiment 2, 10 horses were fasted overnight prior to the OST.
T78603 61452-61518 Sentence denotes In experiment 2, 10 horses were fasted overnight prior to the OST.
TextSentencer_T442 61519-61632 Sentence denotes For both studies, corn syrup formulation order was randomized and oral sugar tests were performed one week apart.
T26233 61519-61632 Sentence denotes For both studies, corn syrup formulation order was randomized and oral sugar tests were performed one week apart.
TextSentencer_T443 61633-61826 Sentence denotes Blood was drawn for measurement of blood glucose and insulin concentrations at T0 (prior to administration of corn syrup) and 30, 60, 75, 90, and 120 minutes after administration of corn syrup.
T94602 61633-61826 Sentence denotes Blood was drawn for measurement of blood glucose and insulin concentrations at T0 (prior to administration of corn syrup) and 30, 60, 75, 90, and 120 minutes after administration of corn syrup.
TextSentencer_T444 61827-61938 Sentence denotes Blood glucose was measured using a handheld glucometer and serum insulin was measured using a radioimmunoassay.
T59968 61827-61938 Sentence denotes Blood glucose was measured using a handheld glucometer and serum insulin was measured using a radioimmunoassay.
TextSentencer_T445 61939-61971 Sentence denotes Data was analyzed for normality.
T86991 61939-61971 Sentence denotes Data was analyzed for normality.
TextSentencer_T446 61972-62030 Sentence denotes Insulin concentrations were log transformed for normality.
T49518 61972-62030 Sentence denotes Insulin concentrations were log transformed for normality.
TextSentencer_T447 62031-62278 Sentence denotes Changes in glucose and insulin concentration at each time point, area under the curve (AUC), maximum concentration (C max ), and time at C max (T max ) were compared between formulations using a two way analysis of variance with repeated measures.
T38524 62031-62278 Sentence denotes Changes in glucose and insulin concentration at each time point, area under the curve (AUC), maximum concentration (C max ), and time at C max (T max ) were compared between formulations using a two way analysis of variance with repeated measures.
TextSentencer_T448 62279-62380 Sentence denotes Bland Altman analysis was used to determine agreement in insulin concentrations between formulations.
T29297 62279-62380 Sentence denotes Bland Altman analysis was used to determine agreement in insulin concentrations between formulations.
TextSentencer_T449 62381-62731 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences between Karo and Crown syrup formulations at any individual time points for insulin or glucose concentrations in either experiment (P > 0.2) There were no significant differences between the area under the curve, T max , or C max for insulin or glucose concentrations with Karo compared to Crown syrup (P > 0.1).
T82330 62381-62731 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences between Karo and Crown syrup formulations at any individual time points for insulin or glucose concentrations in either experiment (P > 0.2) There were no significant differences between the area under the curve, T max , or C max for insulin or glucose concentrations with Karo compared to Crown syrup (P > 0.1).
TextSentencer_T450 62732-63019 Sentence denotes Bland-Altman analysis of insulin concentrations indicated a mean bias (Karo-Crown) of 4 μIU/mL (95% limits of agreement, −11.7 to 19.6 μIU/mL; experiment 1) or a mean bias of 1.6 μIU/ml (95% limits of agreement, −11 to 14.2 μIU/ml; experiment 2) for insulin concentrations at 75 minutes.
T16880 62732-63019 Sentence denotes Bland-Altman analysis of insulin concentrations indicated a mean bias (Karo-Crown) of 4 μIU/mL (95% limits of agreement, −11.7 to 19.6 μIU/mL; experiment 1) or a mean bias of 1.6 μIU/ml (95% limits of agreement, −11 to 14.2 μIU/ml; experiment 2) for insulin concentrations at 75 minutes.
TextSentencer_T451 63020-63135 Sentence denotes This study suggests that horses have similar glucose and insulin responses to these two formulations of corn syrup.
T95265 63020-63135 Sentence denotes This study suggests that horses have similar glucose and insulin responses to these two formulations of corn syrup.
TextSentencer_T452 63136-63396 Sentence denotes Remona Horn, François-René Bertin The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) are the most common hormonal disorders in horses and can coexist in the same patient.
T60979 63136-63396 Sentence denotes Remona Horn, François-René Bertin The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) are the most common hormonal disorders in horses and can coexist in the same patient.
TextSentencer_T453 63397-63505 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to combine two diagnostic tools to diagnose PPID and EMS at once within 30 minutes.
T95572 63397-63505 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to combine two diagnostic tools to diagnose PPID and EMS at once within 30 minutes.
TextSentencer_T454 63506-63752 Sentence denotes It was hypothesised that measured values from the 2-step insulin response test and the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test performed in combination would not differ from the values obtained when tests are performed independently.
T71682 63506-63752 Sentence denotes It was hypothesised that measured values from the 2-step insulin response test and the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test performed in combination would not differ from the values obtained when tests are performed independently.
TextSentencer_T455 63753-63931 Sentence denotes Twenty-one horses were tested for EMS and PPID using a 2-step insulin response test and a TRH stimulation test respectively and classified as EMS, PPID, EMS and PPID or controls.
T12200 63753-63931 Sentence denotes Twenty-one horses were tested for EMS and PPID using a 2-step insulin response test and a TRH stimulation test respectively and classified as EMS, PPID, EMS and PPID or controls.
TextSentencer_T456 63932-63999 Sentence denotes For combined testing, insulin and TRH were injected simultaneously.
T85918 63932-63999 Sentence denotes For combined testing, insulin and TRH were injected simultaneously.
TextSentencer_T457 64000-64111 Sentence denotes Results were compared among protocols by paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed rank test and Bland-Altman analysis.
T8723 64000-64111 Sentence denotes Results were compared among protocols by paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed rank test and Bland-Altman analysis.
TextSentencer_T458 64112-64232 Sentence denotes Based on independent testing, 8 horses were considered as controls, 4 as EMS only, 3 as PPID only and 6 as EMS and PPID.
T95494 64112-64232 Sentence denotes Based on independent testing, 8 horses were considered as controls, 4 as EMS only, 3 as PPID only and 6 as EMS and PPID.
TextSentencer_T459 64233-64489 Sentence denotes Independent or combined testing conditions did not significantly affect ACTH concentrations before or after TRH injection nor it changed the percentage of reduction in blood glucose after insulin injection when compared within groups or overall (p > 0.05).
T43913 64233-64489 Sentence denotes Independent or combined testing conditions did not significantly affect ACTH concentrations before or after TRH injection nor it changed the percentage of reduction in blood glucose after insulin injection when compared within groups or overall (p > 0.05).
TextSentencer_T460 64490-64623 Sentence denotes In one control horse, combined testing resulted in a larger increase in ACTH after TRH injection consistent with a diagnosis of PPID.
T47819 64490-64623 Sentence denotes In one control horse, combined testing resulted in a larger increase in ACTH after TRH injection consistent with a diagnosis of PPID.
TextSentencer_T461 64624-64923 Sentence denotes Combination of the TRH stimulation test and the 2-step insulin sensitivity test appears as an attractive and rapid tool to diagnose EMS and PPID at the same time in horses. the curve (AUC) and peak concentrations for insulin and glucose were assessed using a one-way ANOVA (significant at P < 0.05).
T57730 64624-64923 Sentence denotes Combination of the TRH stimulation test and the 2-step insulin sensitivity test appears as an attractive and rapid tool to diagnose EMS and PPID at the same time in horses. the curve (AUC) and peak concentrations for insulin and glucose were assessed using a one-way ANOVA (significant at P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T462 64924-64976 Sentence denotes Repeatability was assessed using Bland-Altman Plots.
T4204 64924-64976 Sentence denotes Repeatability was assessed using Bland-Altman Plots.
TextSentencer_T463 64977-65075 Sentence denotes Significant differences were not noted between KLCS and FCS for either AUC or peak concentrations.
T37417 64977-65075 Sentence denotes Significant differences were not noted between KLCS and FCS for either AUC or peak concentrations.
TextSentencer_T464 65076-65290 Sentence denotes However, when insulin results were compared to the ID positive insulin cut off, tests with fructose correctly identified horses with ID only 8 of 14 times; OSTs without fructose identified ID in 12 of the 14 tests.
T69069 65076-65290 Sentence denotes However, when insulin results were compared to the ID positive insulin cut off, tests with fructose correctly identified horses with ID only 8 of 14 times; OSTs without fructose identified ID in 12 of the 14 tests.
TextSentencer_T465 65291-65438 Sentence denotes Based on this, fructose does not have a substantial impact on glucose metabolism in horses, but may interfere with insulin responses during an OST.
T36062 65291-65438 Sentence denotes Based on this, fructose does not have a substantial impact on glucose metabolism in horses, but may interfere with insulin responses during an OST.
TextSentencer_T466 65439-65489 Sentence denotes Vitamin E is essential for neuromuscular function.
T75516 65439-65489 Sentence denotes Vitamin E is essential for neuromuscular function.
TextSentencer_T467 65490-65611 Sentence denotes Oral supplementation with natural ("RRR") α-tocopherol has been the mainstay of therapy in horses with hypovitaminosis E.
T76054 65490-65611 Sentence denotes Oral supplementation with natural ("RRR") α-tocopherol has been the mainstay of therapy in horses with hypovitaminosis E.
TextSentencer_T468 65612-65664 Sentence denotes However, there is a subset of non-responsive horses.
T36186 65612-65664 Sentence denotes However, there is a subset of non-responsive horses.
TextSentencer_T469 65665-65812 Sentence denotes The objectives of this pilot trial were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an injectable RRR-α-tocopherol preparation delivered subcutaneously.
T531 65665-65812 Sentence denotes The objectives of this pilot trial were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an injectable RRR-α-tocopherol preparation delivered subcutaneously.
TextSentencer_T470 65813-65963 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that RRRα-tocopherol injection would increase serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-tocopherol concentrations in healthy adult horses.
T81818 65813-65963 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that RRRα-tocopherol injection would increase serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-tocopherol concentrations in healthy adult horses.
TextSentencer_T471 65964-66074 Sentence denotes Six mixed breed horses (3 mares and 3 geldings) and two untreated horses (1 mare and 1 gelding) were enrolled.
T55135 65964-66074 Sentence denotes Six mixed breed horses (3 mares and 3 geldings) and two untreated horses (1 mare and 1 gelding) were enrolled.
TextSentencer_T472 66075-66225 Sentence denotes In Phase I, horses were randomly assigned to receive RRR-α-tocopherol (5000 IU/450kg of 600 IU/mL) by subcutaneous (n=3) or oral (n=3) administration.
T42074 66075-66225 Sentence denotes In Phase I, horses were randomly assigned to receive RRR-α-tocopherol (5000 IU/450kg of 600 IU/mL) by subcutaneous (n=3) or oral (n=3) administration.
TextSentencer_T473 66226-66383 Sentence denotes Moderate tissue reaction following injection necessitated adjustment of the preparation through reduction of the RRR-α-tocopherol concentration to 500 IU/mL.
T53525 66226-66383 Sentence denotes Moderate tissue reaction following injection necessitated adjustment of the preparation through reduction of the RRR-α-tocopherol concentration to 500 IU/mL.
TextSentencer_T474 66384-66520 Sentence denotes Following an 8-week washout period, horses received the reciprocal treatment in Phase II with the new preparation at an equivalent dose.
T7648 66384-66520 Sentence denotes Following an 8-week washout period, horses received the reciprocal treatment in Phase II with the new preparation at an equivalent dose.
TextSentencer_T475 66521-66621 Sentence denotes Alpha-tocopherol concentrations of serum and CSF collected over a 7d period were determined by HPLC.
T71158 66521-66621 Sentence denotes Alpha-tocopherol concentrations of serum and CSF collected over a 7d period were determined by HPLC.
TextSentencer_T476 66622-66765 Sentence denotes There was no difference in baseline serum (P=0.07) or CSF (P=0.20) concentrations and no residual effect noted, indicating appropriate washout.
T12990 66622-66765 Sentence denotes There was no difference in baseline serum (P=0.07) or CSF (P=0.20) concentrations and no residual effect noted, indicating appropriate washout.
TextSentencer_T477 66766-66978 Sentence denotes Serum (P < 0.0001) and CSF (P=0.0.007) α-tocopherol concentrations increased significantly post-injection only when the 500 IU/mL product was administered, with serum concentrations peaking at 24h post-injection.
T78632 66766-66978 Sentence denotes Serum (P < 0.0001) and CSF (P=0.0.007) α-tocopherol concentrations increased significantly post-injection only when the 500 IU/mL product was administered, with serum concentrations peaking at 24h post-injection.
TextSentencer_T478 66979-67075 Sentence denotes This injectable formulation may therefore be useful in cases refractory to oral supplementation.
T770 66979-67075 Sentence denotes This injectable formulation may therefore be useful in cases refractory to oral supplementation.
TextSentencer_T479 67076-67169 Sentence denotes However, caution is warranted due to the marked local tissue reaction observed in all horses.
T86486 67076-67169 Sentence denotes However, caution is warranted due to the marked local tissue reaction observed in all horses.
TextSentencer_T480 67170-67267 Sentence denotes Hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia are associated with various diseases in equids.
T8176 67170-67267 Sentence denotes Hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia are associated with various diseases in equids.
TextSentencer_T481 67268-67531 Sentence denotes Despite the interactions between these analytes and energy metabolism, evaluation of their concentrations in critically ill equids with lipid disorders is not frequently performed; therefore, the incidence of these abnormalities in these patients remains unclear.
T9307 67268-67531 Sentence denotes Despite the interactions between these analytes and energy metabolism, evaluation of their concentrations in critically ill equids with lipid disorders is not frequently performed; therefore, the incidence of these abnormalities in these patients remains unclear.
TextSentencer_T482 67532-67864 Sentence denotes Medical records from 54 hospitalized small equids [ponies (multiple breeds), American Miniature Horses, and donkeys] greater than 2 years of age with serum triglyceride concentrations greater than 200 mg/dL admitted between 2002-2017 were reviewed, and relationships between biochemical analytes were assessed (Chi-square analysis).
T61383 67532-67864 Sentence denotes Medical records from 54 hospitalized small equids [ponies (multiple breeds), American Miniature Horses, and donkeys] greater than 2 years of age with serum triglyceride concentrations greater than 200 mg/dL admitted between 2002-2017 were reviewed, and relationships between biochemical analytes were assessed (Chi-square analysis).
TextSentencer_T483 67865-67942 Sentence denotes Most patients (59%) survived to discharge, while 41% were euthanized or died.
T33155 67865-67942 Sentence denotes Most patients (59%) survived to discharge, while 41% were euthanized or died.
TextSentencer_T484 67943-68143 Sentence denotes Patients were stratified into quartiles based on triglyceride concentrations (1 st quartile 207-343 mg/dL, 2 nd quartile 386-638 mg/dL, 3 rd quartile 668-989 mg/dL, and 4 th quartile 1014-3281 mg/dL).
T6885 67943-68143 Sentence denotes Patients were stratified into quartiles based on triglyceride concentrations (1 st quartile 207-343 mg/dL, 2 nd quartile 386-638 mg/dL, 3 rd quartile 668-989 mg/dL, and 4 th quartile 1014-3281 mg/dL).
TextSentencer_T485 68144-68326 Sentence denotes Equids with triglycerides in the 1 st and 2 nd quartiles were more likely to survive than those with triglyceride concentrations in the 3 rd and 4 th quartiles (OR = 1.66; p < 0.05).
T86089 68144-68326 Sentence denotes Equids with triglycerides in the 1 st and 2 nd quartiles were more likely to survive than those with triglyceride concentrations in the 3 rd and 4 th quartiles (OR = 1.66; p < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T486 68327-68499 Sentence denotes Hypophosphatemia (P < 2.5 mg/dL), hypokalemia (K < 3.0 mEq/L), and hypomagnesemia (total Mg < 1.29 mg/dL) were observed in 25%, 16.1%, and 10.7% of all cases, respectively.
T16688 68327-68499 Sentence denotes Hypophosphatemia (P < 2.5 mg/dL), hypokalemia (K < 3.0 mEq/L), and hypomagnesemia (total Mg < 1.29 mg/dL) were observed in 25%, 16.1%, and 10.7% of all cases, respectively.
TextSentencer_T487 68500-68614 Sentence denotes Only potassium concentration was significantly correlated with triglyceride concentrations (ρ = -0.318; p < 0.05).
T91883 68500-68614 Sentence denotes Only potassium concentration was significantly correlated with triglyceride concentrations (ρ = -0.318; p < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T488 68615-68743 Sentence denotes Equids with triglyceride concentrations in the 3 rd and 4 th quartiles were more likely to be hypokalemic (OR = 3.92; p < 0.05).
T77618 68615-68743 Sentence denotes Equids with triglyceride concentrations in the 3 rd and 4 th quartiles were more likely to be hypokalemic (OR = 3.92; p < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T489 68744-68873 Sentence denotes Hypophosphatemia was not associated with survival, and most (72%) equids with hypertriglyceridemia and hypophosphatemia survived.
T72272 68744-68873 Sentence denotes Hypophosphatemia was not associated with survival, and most (72%) equids with hypertriglyceridemia and hypophosphatemia survived.
TextSentencer_T490 68874-69108 Sentence denotes Evaluation of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium is recommended in equids with dyslipidemias. horses during endurance racing and its influence on performance have been studied, but information is lacking for Thoroughbred racehorses.
T34011 68874-69108 Sentence denotes Evaluation of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium is recommended in equids with dyslipidemias. horses during endurance racing and its influence on performance have been studied, but information is lacking for Thoroughbred racehorses.
TextSentencer_T491 69109-69204 Sentence denotes Our objective was to assess the effect of supra-maximal exercise on the lipidome of racehorses.
T72643 69109-69204 Sentence denotes Our objective was to assess the effect of supra-maximal exercise on the lipidome of racehorses.
TextSentencer_T492 69205-69276 Sentence denotes Four Thoroughbred geldings of similar body condition and age were used.
T68033 69205-69276 Sentence denotes Four Thoroughbred geldings of similar body condition and age were used.
TextSentencer_T493 69277-69335 Sentence denotes Horses were housed in the same barn and fed the same diet.
T37370 69277-69335 Sentence denotes Horses were housed in the same barn and fed the same diet.
TextSentencer_T494 69336-69438 Sentence denotes Each horse underwent treadmill exercise to fatigue at 115% of its _ VO 2 max (10.6±0.6m/s; 10% slope).
T98610 69336-69438 Sentence denotes Each horse underwent treadmill exercise to fatigue at 115% of its _ VO 2 max (10.6±0.6m/s; 10% slope).
TextSentencer_T495 69439-69616 Sentence denotes Venous plasma samples were obtained before and immediately, 15 and 30mins post-exercise, and evaluated using an untargeted lipidomics approach at West Coast Metabolomics Center.
T9526 69439-69616 Sentence denotes Venous plasma samples were obtained before and immediately, 15 and 30mins post-exercise, and evaluated using an untargeted lipidomics approach at West Coast Metabolomics Center.
TextSentencer_T496 69617-69725 Sentence denotes Data was analyzed using principal components analysis and 1-way RM ANOVA (significance was set at p < 0.05).
T63207 69617-69725 Sentence denotes Data was analyzed using principal components analysis and 1-way RM ANOVA (significance was set at p < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T497 69726-69758 Sentence denotes 965 plasma lipids were detected.
T80696 69726-69758 Sentence denotes 965 plasma lipids were detected.
TextSentencer_T498 69759-69853 Sentence denotes Of these, 184 were "known" as their spectra and retention index are linked to library entries.
T13663 69759-69853 Sentence denotes Of these, 184 were "known" as their spectra and retention index are linked to library entries.
TextSentencer_T499 69854-69969 Sentence denotes After exercise, plasma levels of eight lipids changed significantly, likely reflecting the occurrence of lipolysis.
T51979 69854-69969 Sentence denotes After exercise, plasma levels of eight lipids changed significantly, likely reflecting the occurrence of lipolysis.
TextSentencer_T500 69970-70225 Sentence denotes Briefly, an increase of unsaturated fatty acids (11,14-eicosadienoic, 9-11-octadecadienoic and α-linoleic acids) and a decrease of saturated fatty acids (Icosanoic, heptadecanoic, lauric and myristic acids) and phospholipids (Sphingomyelin) were observed.
T85744 69970-70225 Sentence denotes Briefly, an increase of unsaturated fatty acids (11,14-eicosadienoic, 9-11-octadecadienoic and α-linoleic acids) and a decrease of saturated fatty acids (Icosanoic, heptadecanoic, lauric and myristic acids) and phospholipids (Sphingomyelin) were observed.
TextSentencer_T501 70226-70454 Sentence denotes This pilot study provides valuable information regarding changes in the lipidome of Thoroughbreds associated with supramaximal exercise and will serve as a reference to guide future studies of the racehorse metabolome. analyses.
T28973 70226-70454 Sentence denotes This pilot study provides valuable information regarding changes in the lipidome of Thoroughbreds associated with supramaximal exercise and will serve as a reference to guide future studies of the racehorse metabolome. analyses.
TextSentencer_T502 70455-70549 Sentence denotes 2DST was recently described to be a feasible method to quantify LA function in healthy horses.
T47753 70455-70549 Sentence denotes 2DST was recently described to be a feasible method to quantify LA function in healthy horses.
TextSentencer_T503 70550-70660 Sentence denotes We aimed to provide proof of concept for use of 2DST to detect compromised LA booster pump function in horses.
T73667 70550-70660 Sentence denotes We aimed to provide proof of concept for use of 2DST to detect compromised LA booster pump function in horses.
TextSentencer_T504 70661-70816 Sentence denotes Warmblood horses with atrial fibrillation, successful TVEC and continued normal sinus rhythm for at least one month thereafter were included in this study.
T62038 70661-70816 Sentence denotes Warmblood horses with atrial fibrillation, successful TVEC and continued normal sinus rhythm for at least one month thereafter were included in this study.
TextSentencer_T505 70817-70876 Sentence denotes Echocardiography was performed 24h, 72h and 1mt after TVEC.
T24547 70817-70876 Sentence denotes Echocardiography was performed 24h, 72h and 1mt after TVEC.
TextSentencer_T506 70877-71083 Sentence denotes Maximum LA area (LAA max ) and LA diameter (LAD max ) as well as active and passive LA fractional area change (FAC) were measured using 2DE on a right-parasternal 4-chamber view focusing on the left atrium.
T70684 70877-71083 Sentence denotes Maximum LA area (LAA max ) and LA diameter (LAD max ) as well as active and passive LA fractional area change (FAC) were measured using 2DE on a right-parasternal 4-chamber view focusing on the left atrium.
TextSentencer_T507 71084-71179 Sentence denotes LA dimensions were measured at endsystole and allometrically scaled to a body weight of 500 kg.
T62706 71084-71179 Sentence denotes LA dimensions were measured at endsystole and allometrically scaled to a body weight of 500 kg.
TextSentencer_T508 71180-71336 Sentence denotes Global longitudinal peak strain (S L ) and strain rate (SR L ) during active booster pump function were measured on the same recordings using 2DST analyses.
T1053 71180-71336 Sentence denotes Global longitudinal peak strain (S L ) and strain rate (SR L ) during active booster pump function were measured on the same recordings using 2DST analyses.
TextSentencer_T509 71337-71420 Sentence denotes Measurements were judged in relation to previously established reference intervals.
T30415 71337-71420 Sentence denotes Measurements were judged in relation to previously established reference intervals.
TextSentencer_T510 71421-71537 Sentence denotes Friedman one-way ANOVA with Dunn';s multiple comparison test was performed to detect differences between timepoints.
T42913 71421-71537 Sentence denotes Friedman one-way ANOVA with Dunn';s multiple comparison test was performed to detect differences between timepoints.
TextSentencer_T511 71538-71732 Sentence denotes Linear regression analysis was performed to describe associations of S L and SR L with conventional 2DE measurements of LA size and function, considering for repeated measurements within horses.
T2955 71538-71732 Sentence denotes Linear regression analysis was performed to describe associations of S L and SR L with conventional 2DE measurements of LA size and function, considering for repeated measurements within horses.
TextSentencer_T512 71733-71769 Sentence denotes P < 0.05 was considered significant.
T70752 71733-71769 Sentence denotes P < 0.05 was considered significant.
TextSentencer_T513 71770-71829 Sentence denotes Thirteen Warmblood horses fulfilled the inclusion criteria.
T62122 71770-71829 Sentence denotes Thirteen Warmblood horses fulfilled the inclusion criteria.
TextSentencer_T514 71830-71970 Sentence denotes Measurement of all indices at all 3 timepoints was feasible in 6/13 horses, whereas severe LA enlargement prevented measurement in 7 horses.
T28870 71830-71970 Sentence denotes Measurement of all indices at all 3 timepoints was feasible in 6/13 horses, whereas severe LA enlargement prevented measurement in 7 horses.
TextSentencer_T515 71971-72079 Sentence denotes LA contractile dysfunction 24h after TVEC was detected in 5/6 horses based on active LA FAC and global S L .
T98785 71971-72079 Sentence denotes LA contractile dysfunction 24h after TVEC was detected in 5/6 horses based on active LA FAC and global S L .
TextSentencer_T516 72080-72180 Sentence denotes Active LA FAC did not change over time (p = 0.14) and remained below reference limits in 5/6 horses.
T21387 72080-72180 Sentence denotes Active LA FAC did not change over time (p = 0.14) and remained below reference limits in 5/6 horses.
TextSentencer_T517 72181-72352 Sentence denotes Global S L significantly increased from 24h to 1mt after TVEC (p = 0.028); at that time, S L of all 6 horses was within (but at the lower range) of the reference interval.
T75693 72181-72352 Sentence denotes Global S L significantly increased from 24h to 1mt after TVEC (p = 0.028); at that time, S L of all 6 horses was within (but at the lower range) of the reference interval.
TextSentencer_T518 72353-72490 Sentence denotes SR L was below the reference interval in 2/6 horses 24h after TVEC and within reference limits in all 6 horses 1mt after TVEC (p = 0.30).
T36342 72353-72490 Sentence denotes SR L was below the reference interval in 2/6 horses 24h after TVEC and within reference limits in all 6 horses 1mt after TVEC (p = 0.30).
TextSentencer_T519 72491-72784 Sentence denotes Strain and strain rate were significantly associated with active FAC (p2 adj =0.76 and p2 adj =0.77), passive FAC (p=0.016, R 2 adj =0.55 and p=0.016, R 2 adj =0.55), LAA max (p2 adj =0.85 and p2 adj =0.88), and LAD max (p2 adj =0.83 and p2 adj =0.85), with lower S L and SR L in larger atria.
T45351 72491-72784 Sentence denotes Strain and strain rate were significantly associated with active FAC (p2 adj =0.76 and p2 adj =0.77), passive FAC (p=0.016, R 2 adj =0.55 and p=0.016, R 2 adj =0.55), LAA max (p2 adj =0.85 and p2 adj =0.88), and LAD max (p2 adj =0.83 and p2 adj =0.85), with lower S L and SR L in larger atria.
TextSentencer_T520 72785-72919 Sentence denotes This study shows that 2DST is useful to detect compromised LA contractile function in horses after conversion of AF to NSR using TVEC.
T41379 72785-72919 Sentence denotes This study shows that 2DST is useful to detect compromised LA contractile function in horses after conversion of AF to NSR using TVEC.
TextSentencer_T521 72920-72984 Sentence denotes Strain and strain rate are negatively related to LA enlargement.
T47363 72920-72984 Sentence denotes Strain and strain rate are negatively related to LA enlargement.
TextSentencer_T522 72985-73115 Sentence denotes The clinical value of 2DST to predict the risk of recurrence of atrial fibrillation will have to be established in future studies.
T74584 72985-73115 Sentence denotes The clinical value of 2DST to predict the risk of recurrence of atrial fibrillation will have to be established in future studies.
TextSentencer_T523 73116-73221 Sentence denotes Monensin is highly toxic to horses and inadvertent ingestion can result in cardiac dysfunction and death.
T88799 73116-73221 Sentence denotes Monensin is highly toxic to horses and inadvertent ingestion can result in cardiac dysfunction and death.
TextSentencer_T524 73222-73351 Sentence denotes The objectives of this prospective study were to determine the cardiovascular and athletic outcome of horses exposed to monensin.
T68407 73222-73351 Sentence denotes The objectives of this prospective study were to determine the cardiovascular and athletic outcome of horses exposed to monensin.
TextSentencer_T525 73352-73540 Sentence denotes Physical examination, exercise stress testing, ECG (pre-and during exercise) and echocardiography (pre-and post-exercise) were performed in 76 horses exposed to monensin-contaminated feed.
T74783 73352-73540 Sentence denotes Physical examination, exercise stress testing, ECG (pre-and during exercise) and echocardiography (pre-and post-exercise) were performed in 76 horses exposed to monensin-contaminated feed.
TextSentencer_T526 73541-73609 Sentence denotes Four horses were examined within 2 weeks of exposure (acute period).
T87208 73541-73609 Sentence denotes Four horses were examined within 2 weeks of exposure (acute period).
TextSentencer_T527 73610-73771 Sentence denotes Twenty-nine horses were examined between 15 and 45 days postexposure (subacute period) and 70 horses were examined after 4 to 10 months of rest (chronic period).
T27494 73610-73771 Sentence denotes Twenty-nine horses were examined between 15 and 45 days postexposure (subacute period) and 70 horses were examined after 4 to 10 months of rest (chronic period).
TextSentencer_T528 73772-73884 Sentence denotes Follow-up information was obtained by telephone interviews approximately 16 months after exposure for 56 horses.
T24613 73772-73884 Sentence denotes Follow-up information was obtained by telephone interviews approximately 16 months after exposure for 56 horses.
TextSentencer_T529 73885-74033 Sentence denotes Three of the 4 horses (75 %) presented during the acute period died or were euthanized; all horses had clinical signs and cardiac anomalies at rest.
T42651 73885-74033 Sentence denotes Three of the 4 horses (75 %) presented during the acute period died or were euthanized; all horses had clinical signs and cardiac anomalies at rest.
TextSentencer_T530 74034-74214 Sentence denotes Nineteen of the 29 horses (66 %) examined during the subacute period had cardiac anomalies (upon physical examination (11), cardiac examination at rest (16) and with exercise (5)).
T5731 74034-74214 Sentence denotes Nineteen of the 29 horses (66 %) examined during the subacute period had cardiac anomalies (upon physical examination (11), cardiac examination at rest (16) and with exercise (5)).
TextSentencer_T531 74215-74392 Sentence denotes Four to 10 months after exposure, 31 of the 70 horses (44 %) had cardiac abnormalities (upon physical examination (6) , cardiac examination at rest (22) and with exercise (13)).
T68571 74215-74392 Sentence denotes Four to 10 months after exposure, 31 of the 70 horses (44 %) had cardiac abnormalities (upon physical examination (6) , cardiac examination at rest (22) and with exercise (13)).
TextSentencer_T532 74393-74572 Sentence denotes Sixteen months after exposure, 34 (53 %) of the 64 horses with known outcome had returned to their intended use, including 10 horses with cardiac anomalies in the previous months.
T2678 74393-74572 Sentence denotes Sixteen months after exposure, 34 (53 %) of the 64 horses with known outcome had returned to their intended use, including 10 horses with cardiac anomalies in the previous months.
TextSentencer_T533 74573-74758 Sentence denotes Clinical outcome of horses exposed to sublethal doses of monensin is highly variable and commonly result in long-term cardiac dysfunction leading to exercise intolerance and even death.
T49039 74573-74758 Sentence denotes Clinical outcome of horses exposed to sublethal doses of monensin is highly variable and commonly result in long-term cardiac dysfunction leading to exercise intolerance and even death.
TextSentencer_T534 74759-75040 Sentence denotes Comparison of Non-invasive, Invasive Central and Invasive Peripheral Blood Pressure in the Standing Horse (coccygeal) was measured using a commercial oscillometric device (Mindray Passport 12) and corrected for the vertical distance between the base of the tail and the heart base.
T84525 74759-75040 Sentence denotes Comparison of Non-invasive, Invasive Central and Invasive Peripheral Blood Pressure in the Standing Horse (coccygeal) was measured using a commercial oscillometric device (Mindray Passport 12) and corrected for the vertical distance between the base of the tail and the heart base.
TextSentencer_T535 75041-75142 Sentence denotes Measurements were obtained under baseline, high (dobutamine), and low (acepromazine) blood pressures.
T30973 75041-75142 Sentence denotes Measurements were obtained under baseline, high (dobutamine), and low (acepromazine) blood pressures.
TextSentencer_T536 75143-75259 Sentence denotes Mean bias, SD of the bias, and Pearson';s product correlation (R) were calculated from data obtained from 11 horses.
T11699 75143-75259 Sentence denotes Mean bias, SD of the bias, and Pearson';s product correlation (R) were calculated from data obtained from 11 horses.
TextSentencer_T537 75260-75438 Sentence denotes Mean bias/SD of the bias/R between IBPc and IBP were -3 mmHg/12 mmHg / 0.92 for systolic, 2.8 mmHg/ 6.1 mmHg /0.96 for mean, and 5.5 mmHg/ 7.3 mmHg/ 0.91 for diastolic pressures.
T64733 75260-75438 Sentence denotes Mean bias/SD of the bias/R between IBPc and IBP were -3 mmHg/12 mmHg / 0.92 for systolic, 2.8 mmHg/ 6.1 mmHg /0.96 for mean, and 5.5 mmHg/ 7.3 mmHg/ 0.91 for diastolic pressures.
TextSentencer_T538 75439-75626 Sentence denotes Mean bias/SD of the bias/R between IBPc, and NIBP were -1.3 mmHg/ 12.1 mmHg/ 0.91 for systolic, 6.4 mmHg/ 11.4 mmHg/ 0.86 for mean, and 10.1 mmHg/ 15.7 mmHg/ 0.72 for diastolic pressures.
T73746 75439-75626 Sentence denotes Mean bias/SD of the bias/R between IBPc, and NIBP were -1.3 mmHg/ 12.1 mmHg/ 0.91 for systolic, 6.4 mmHg/ 11.4 mmHg/ 0.86 for mean, and 10.1 mmHg/ 15.7 mmHg/ 0.72 for diastolic pressures.
TextSentencer_T539 75627-75810 Sentence denotes Mean bias/SD of the bias/R between IBP and NIBP were 0.1 mmHg/ 12.8 mmHg/ 0.91 for systolic, 3.2 mmHg/ 11.1 mmHg/ 0.88 for mean, and 4.7 mmHg/ 15.7 mmHg/ 0.72 for diastolic pressures.
T59954 75627-75810 Sentence denotes Mean bias/SD of the bias/R between IBP and NIBP were 0.1 mmHg/ 12.8 mmHg/ 0.91 for systolic, 3.2 mmHg/ 11.1 mmHg/ 0.88 for mean, and 4.7 mmHg/ 15.7 mmHg/ 0.72 for diastolic pressures.
TextSentencer_T540 75811-75867 Sentence denotes Measuring IBPc without a surgical approach was feasible.
T5065 75811-75867 Sentence denotes Measuring IBPc without a surgical approach was feasible.
TextSentencer_T541 75868-75966 Sentence denotes IBP is an acceptable surrogate for IBPc but these are not interchangeable under all circumstances.
T7441 75868-75966 Sentence denotes IBP is an acceptable surrogate for IBPc but these are not interchangeable under all circumstances.
TextSentencer_T542 75967-76139 Sentence denotes The NIBP device tested had acceptable accuracy and precision for systolic pressure following ACVIM suggested criteria and approximated the criteria for mean blood pressure.
T83503 75967-76139 Sentence denotes The NIBP device tested had acceptable accuracy and precision for systolic pressure following ACVIM suggested criteria and approximated the criteria for mean blood pressure.
TextSentencer_T543 76140-76203 Sentence denotes Diastolic pressure measurements were less accurate and precise.
T55391 76140-76203 Sentence denotes Diastolic pressure measurements were less accurate and precise.
TextSentencer_T544 76204-76376 Sentence denotes Continuation of glycolysis in erythrocytes after blood collection may cause an artifactual in vitro increase of methylglyoxal, and consequently of its metabolite D-lactate.
T66773 76204-76376 Sentence denotes Continuation of glycolysis in erythrocytes after blood collection may cause an artifactual in vitro increase of methylglyoxal, and consequently of its metabolite D-lactate.
TextSentencer_T545 76377-76442 Sentence denotes Sodium fluoride (NaF) inhibits enolase in the glycolysis pathway.
T17766 76377-76442 Sentence denotes Sodium fluoride (NaF) inhibits enolase in the glycolysis pathway.
TextSentencer_T546 76443-76661 Sentence denotes Our hypotheses were that equine blood collected in NaF tubes would result in both valid and lower Dlactate values when compared to serum tubes, and that D-lactate concentrations would be stable up to 6 months at -80 C.
T7468 76443-76661 Sentence denotes Our hypotheses were that equine blood collected in NaF tubes would result in both valid and lower Dlactate values when compared to serum tubes, and that D-lactate concentrations would be stable up to 6 months at -80 C.
TextSentencer_T547 76662-76796 Sentence denotes Blood was collected in both serum and NaF tubes from 23 horses and kept on ice until centrifugation for separation of serum or plasma.
T69872 76662-76796 Sentence denotes Blood was collected in both serum and NaF tubes from 23 horses and kept on ice until centrifugation for separation of serum or plasma.
TextSentencer_T548 76797-76983 Sentence denotes Samples were frozen at -80 C until analysis (after 1, 2 and 6 months) with a previously validated commercial assay (D-Lactate Colorimetric Assay Kit, BioVision, Inc., Milpitas, CA, USA).
T90256 76797-76983 Sentence denotes Samples were frozen at -80 C until analysis (after 1, 2 and 6 months) with a previously validated commercial assay (D-Lactate Colorimetric Assay Kit, BioVision, Inc., Milpitas, CA, USA).
TextSentencer_T549 76984-77178 Sentence denotes D-lactate values measured from blood collected in serum tubes had a mean (± SD) concentration of 0.26mmol/L (0.09), 0.27mmol/L (0.09) and 0.17mmol/L (0.07) after 1, 2 and 6 months, respectively.
T62895 76984-77178 Sentence denotes D-lactate values measured from blood collected in serum tubes had a mean (± SD) concentration of 0.26mmol/L (0.09), 0.27mmol/L (0.09) and 0.17mmol/L (0.07) after 1, 2 and 6 months, respectively.
TextSentencer_T550 77179-77335 Sentence denotes From the NaF tubes, the mean D-lactate concentrations were 0.05mmol/L (0.01), 0.06mmol/L (0.01) and 0.03mmol/L (0.01) after 1, 2 and 6 months, respectively.
T3255 77179-77335 Sentence denotes From the NaF tubes, the mean D-lactate concentrations were 0.05mmol/L (0.01), 0.06mmol/L (0.01) and 0.03mmol/L (0.01) after 1, 2 and 6 months, respectively.
TextSentencer_T551 77336-77502 Sentence denotes D-lactate was significantly different (P < 0.0001) between serum and NaF samples, and when comparing 6 months to 1 and 2 months within the NaF tube type (P < 0.0001).
T3047 77336-77502 Sentence denotes D-lactate was significantly different (P < 0.0001) between serum and NaF samples, and when comparing 6 months to 1 and 2 months within the NaF tube type (P < 0.0001).
TextSentencer_T552 77503-77673 Sentence denotes Use of NaF tubes is recommended for equine blood collection for determination of D-lactate concentration, as use of serum tubes results in inflated and inaccurate values.
T33130 77503-77673 Sentence denotes Use of NaF tubes is recommended for equine blood collection for determination of D-lactate concentration, as use of serum tubes results in inflated and inaccurate values.
TextSentencer_T553 77674-77807 Sentence denotes Furthermore, longer-term storage (>2 months at -80 C) appears to result in sample degradation and should be interpreted with caution.
T78815 77674-77807 Sentence denotes Furthermore, longer-term storage (>2 months at -80 C) appears to result in sample degradation and should be interpreted with caution.
TextSentencer_T554 77808-77904 Sentence denotes Adult horses and ponies fulfilling at least two criteria of an adapted SIRS-score were included.
T86883 77808-77904 Sentence denotes Adult horses and ponies fulfilling at least two criteria of an adapted SIRS-score were included.
TextSentencer_T555 77905-78101 Sentence denotes A standard human protocol measuring activated platelets and platelet-leukocyte-aggregates (PLA) with fluorescence flow cytometry in platelet-leukocyte-rich-plasma (PLRP) was established in horses.
T56702 77905-78101 Sentence denotes A standard human protocol measuring activated platelets and platelet-leukocyte-aggregates (PLA) with fluorescence flow cytometry in platelet-leukocyte-rich-plasma (PLRP) was established in horses.
TextSentencer_T556 78102-78199 Sentence denotes Activation of platelets was determined by increased presentation of CD62P and CD154 on platelets.
T60691 78102-78199 Sentence denotes Activation of platelets was determined by increased presentation of CD62P and CD154 on platelets.
TextSentencer_T557 78200-78297 Sentence denotes Activation and PLA were measured before and after in vitro activation of platelets with collagen.
T97788 78200-78297 Sentence denotes Activation and PLA were measured before and after in vitro activation of platelets with collagen.
TextSentencer_T558 78298-78353 Sentence denotes Ten healthy adult horses and ponies served as controls.
T95873 78298-78353 Sentence denotes Ten healthy adult horses and ponies served as controls.
TextSentencer_T559 78354-78469 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis included proof of normal distribution followed by two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni tests.
T41946 78354-78469 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis included proof of normal distribution followed by two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni tests.
TextSentencer_T560 78470-78790 Sentence denotes The 19 included horses and ponies with SIRS had significantly more activated platelets and PLA in native PLRP than controls: CD62P 11.73 ± 3.74 % in SIRS and 1.74 ± 0.36% in controls (P = 0.0004); CD154 2.10 ± 0.91 % and 0.40 ± 0.08% respectively (P = 0.119); PLA 6.23 ± 1.18 % and 2.46 ± 0.32% respectively (P = 0.031).
T29475 78470-78790 Sentence denotes The 19 included horses and ponies with SIRS had significantly more activated platelets and PLA in native PLRP than controls: CD62P 11.73 ± 3.74 % in SIRS and 1.74 ± 0.36% in controls (P = 0.0004); CD154 2.10 ± 0.91 % and 0.40 ± 0.08% respectively (P = 0.119); PLA 6.23 ± 1.18 % and 2.46 ± 0.32% respectively (P = 0.031).
TextSentencer_T561 78791-78811 Sentence denotes Six horses survived.
T71250 78791-78811 Sentence denotes Six horses survived.
TextSentencer_T562 78812-78881 Sentence denotes There was a trend for more activation and PLA in nonsurviving horses.
T90678 78812-78881 Sentence denotes There was a trend for more activation and PLA in nonsurviving horses.
TextSentencer_T563 78882-78982 Sentence denotes Furthermore a trend for reduced in vitro activation with collagen was detected in the non-survivors.
T67985 78882-78982 Sentence denotes Furthermore a trend for reduced in vitro activation with collagen was detected in the non-survivors.
TextSentencer_T564 78983-79151 Sentence denotes This is the first study demonstrating increased platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte-aggregates with fluorescence flow cytometry in clinical cases of equine SIRS.
T39091 78983-79151 Sentence denotes This is the first study demonstrating increased platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte-aggregates with fluorescence flow cytometry in clinical cases of equine SIRS.
TextSentencer_T565 79152-79228 Sentence denotes Likewise platelet activation could be a prognostic factor in these patients.
T22820 79152-79228 Sentence denotes Likewise platelet activation could be a prognostic factor in these patients.
TextSentencer_T566 79229-79414 Sentence denotes Antiplatelet therapy (e.g. clopidogrel) could be an additional therapeutic option in clinical cases of SIRS and other inflammatory diseases to prevent complications and improve outcome.
T11416 79229-79414 Sentence denotes Antiplatelet therapy (e.g. clopidogrel) could be an additional therapeutic option in clinical cases of SIRS and other inflammatory diseases to prevent complications and improve outcome.
TextSentencer_T567 79415-79709 Sentence denotes In a cross-sectional study, serum samples from 454 Thoroughbred foals (aged 58-183 d) were analysed for anti-EqHV non-structural (NS)3-specific antibodies (Abs) with the luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) and for EqHV RNA by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
T96056 79415-79709 Sentence denotes In a cross-sectional study, serum samples from 454 Thoroughbred foals (aged 58-183 d) were analysed for anti-EqHV non-structural (NS)3-specific antibodies (Abs) with the luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) and for EqHV RNA by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
TextSentencer_T568 79710-79790 Sentence denotes Farms of origin (n=26) were situated in the Western Cape Province, South Africa.
T20403 79710-79790 Sentence denotes Farms of origin (n=26) were situated in the Western Cape Province, South Africa.
TextSentencer_T569 79791-79894 Sentence denotes Descriptive analysis was performed to study associations between EqHV infection status, age and gender.
T33109 79791-79894 Sentence denotes Descriptive analysis was performed to study associations between EqHV infection status, age and gender.
TextSentencer_T570 79895-80018 Sentence denotes Identified EqHV isolates were sequenced, with subsequent phylogenetic analysis of genomic portions located in the NS3-gene.
T55403 79895-80018 Sentence denotes Identified EqHV isolates were sequenced, with subsequent phylogenetic analysis of genomic portions located in the NS3-gene.
TextSentencer_T571 80019-80132 Sentence denotes Abs were detected in 83.7% (380/454) of samples -the highest seroprevalence reported yet in an equine population.
T52792 80019-80132 Sentence denotes Abs were detected in 83.7% (380/454) of samples -the highest seroprevalence reported yet in an equine population.
TextSentencer_T572 80133-80210 Sentence denotes The RNA prevalence of 7.9% (36/454) was within the previously reported range.
T83246 80133-80210 Sentence denotes The RNA prevalence of 7.9% (36/454) was within the previously reported range.
TextSentencer_T573 80211-80323 Sentence denotes Increasing foal-age was associated with decreasing prevalence of Abs and increasing prevalence of EqHV viraemia.
T47451 80211-80323 Sentence denotes Increasing foal-age was associated with decreasing prevalence of Abs and increasing prevalence of EqHV viraemia.
TextSentencer_T574 80324-80417 Sentence denotes South African EqHV strains didn';t cluster separately to published sequences of EqHV strains.
T37767 80324-80417 Sentence denotes South African EqHV strains didn';t cluster separately to published sequences of EqHV strains.
TextSentencer_T575 80418-80573 Sentence denotes In conclusion, EqHV is circulating in the South African Thoroughbred population and appears to be more prevalent than in other horse populations worldwide.
T61429 80418-80573 Sentence denotes In conclusion, EqHV is circulating in the South African Thoroughbred population and appears to be more prevalent than in other horse populations worldwide.
TextSentencer_T576 80574-80887 Sentence denotes Validation of an In-Clinic Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Leptospirosis in Horses Serum from naturally infected horses was randomly selected from samples submitted to the Animal Health Diagnostic Center at Cornell University that were identified as positive on the MAT in any serovar (n = 31).
T94338 80574-80887 Sentence denotes Validation of an In-Clinic Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Leptospirosis in Horses Serum from naturally infected horses was randomly selected from samples submitted to the Animal Health Diagnostic Center at Cornell University that were identified as positive on the MAT in any serovar (n = 31).
TextSentencer_T577 80888-80970 Sentence denotes A random selection of MAT negative samples was also included for testing (n = 20).
T16422 80888-80970 Sentence denotes A random selection of MAT negative samples was also included for testing (n = 20).
TextSentencer_T578 80971-81031 Sentence denotes All samples (n = 148) were tested with the IDEXX SNAP Lepto.
T95238 80971-81031 Sentence denotes All samples (n = 148) were tested with the IDEXX SNAP Lepto.
TextSentencer_T579 81032-81089 Sentence denotes The performance of the test kits was compared to the MAT.
T61911 81032-81089 Sentence denotes The performance of the test kits was compared to the MAT.
TextSentencer_T580 81090-81225 Sentence denotes The accuracy was measured in terms of the relative sensitivity and specificity with a cut-off point for positivity in the MAT of ≥ 100.
T67301 81090-81225 Sentence denotes The accuracy was measured in terms of the relative sensitivity and specificity with a cut-off point for positivity in the MAT of ≥ 100.
TextSentencer_T581 81226-81371 Sentence denotes The relationship between the MAT titer and the probability of positivity in the IDEXX SNAP Lepto was assessed using logistic regression analysis.
T95518 81226-81371 Sentence denotes The relationship between the MAT titer and the probability of positivity in the IDEXX SNAP Lepto was assessed using logistic regression analysis.
TextSentencer_T582 81372-81438 Sentence denotes Results indicated that the test kits have high specificity (100%).
T18480 81372-81438 Sentence denotes Results indicated that the test kits have high specificity (100%).
TextSentencer_T583 81439-81568 Sentence denotes Sensitivity was poor at titers ≤400 (0 -36%) and moderate at titers 800-1600 (50%), but was excellent at titers ≥ 3200 (90-100%).
T30593 81439-81568 Sentence denotes Sensitivity was poor at titers ≤400 (0 -36%) and moderate at titers 800-1600 (50%), but was excellent at titers ≥ 3200 (90-100%).
TextSentencer_T584 81569-81760 Sentence denotes The IDEXX SNAP Lepto provides a rapid in-clinic test for evidence of antibody response to Leptospira species in horses, with excellent specificity and high sensitivity with increasing titers.
T57581 81569-81760 Sentence denotes The IDEXX SNAP Lepto provides a rapid in-clinic test for evidence of antibody response to Leptospira species in horses, with excellent specificity and high sensitivity with increasing titers.
TextSentencer_T585 81761-81857 Sentence denotes Leptospirosis associated abortion and acute renal disease often result in MAT titers of ≥ 6,400.
T61027 81761-81857 Sentence denotes Leptospirosis associated abortion and acute renal disease often result in MAT titers of ≥ 6,400.
TextSentencer_T586 81858-81966 Sentence denotes This test kit may allow for prompt stall-side or field determination of Leptospirosis status in these cases.
T5919 81858-81966 Sentence denotes This test kit may allow for prompt stall-side or field determination of Leptospirosis status in these cases.
TextSentencer_T587 81967-82167 Sentence denotes Bacterial and viral microbiotas often inhabit and share the same microenvironments, however, interest in their potential contribution in promoting health or disease has only recently gained attention.
T83076 81967-82167 Sentence denotes Bacterial and viral microbiotas often inhabit and share the same microenvironments, however, interest in their potential contribution in promoting health or disease has only recently gained attention.
TextSentencer_T588 82168-82369 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to characterize the nasal bacterial microbiota of healthy horses (control) and horses shedding equine herpes virus-1 (EHV-1) using next generation sequencing technology.
T33090 82168-82369 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to characterize the nasal bacterial microbiota of healthy horses (control) and horses shedding equine herpes virus-1 (EHV-1) using next generation sequencing technology.
TextSentencer_T589 82370-82585 Sentence denotes The nasal bacterial microbiota of 10 EHV-1 and 10 control horses from a single farm experiencing an outbreak of EHV-1 was characterized using the Illumina MiSeq platform targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.
T77830 82370-82585 Sentence denotes The nasal bacterial microbiota of 10 EHV-1 and 10 control horses from a single farm experiencing an outbreak of EHV-1 was characterized using the Illumina MiSeq platform targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.
TextSentencer_T590 82586-82732 Sentence denotes All EHV-1 horses had fever, limb edema and were positive on PCR of nasal swabs, within one week after the first case was confirmed EHV-1 positive.
T6010 82586-82732 Sentence denotes All EHV-1 horses had fever, limb edema and were positive on PCR of nasal swabs, within one week after the first case was confirmed EHV-1 positive.
TextSentencer_T591 82733-82865 Sentence denotes Control horses were animals from the same farm that showed no clinical signs during the outbreak and were negative for EHV-1 on PCR.
T305 82733-82865 Sentence denotes Control horses were animals from the same farm that showed no clinical signs during the outbreak and were negative for EHV-1 on PCR.
TextSentencer_T592 82866-83087 Sentence denotes Nasal bacterial microbiota of healthy and EHV-1 was significantly different in community membership (Jaccard index) and structure Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate (DDSP) has been well described in race horses 1, 2 .
T74488 82866-83087 Sentence denotes Nasal bacterial microbiota of healthy and EHV-1 was significantly different in community membership (Jaccard index) and structure Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate (DDSP) has been well described in race horses 1, 2 .
TextSentencer_T593 83088-83229 Sentence denotes Even though a link between DDSP and lower airway inflammation has been suggested in race horses 3 , the treatment of choice remains surgical.
T92248 83088-83229 Sentence denotes Even though a link between DDSP and lower airway inflammation has been suggested in race horses 3 , the treatment of choice remains surgical.
TextSentencer_T594 83230-83361 Sentence denotes DDSP has also been described in sport horses 4 although no efforts have been made to correlate this with lower airway inflammation.
T20796 83230-83361 Sentence denotes DDSP has also been described in sport horses 4 although no efforts have been made to correlate this with lower airway inflammation.
TextSentencer_T595 83362-83455 Sentence denotes A retrospective study was performed over a period of 3 years: and phone contact of 22 horses.
T10934 83362-83455 Sentence denotes A retrospective study was performed over a period of 3 years: and phone contact of 22 horses.
TextSentencer_T596 83456-83496 Sentence denotes Treatment was successful in 22/25 cases.
T92606 83456-83496 Sentence denotes Treatment was successful in 22/25 cases.
TextSentencer_T597 83497-83583 Sentence denotes These horses stopped coughing or making a noise and were performing up to expectation.
T21761 83497-83583 Sentence denotes These horses stopped coughing or making a noise and were performing up to expectation.
TextSentencer_T598 83584-83694 Sentence denotes Treatment failures occurred in 2 very chronic cases and 1 case where the DDSP occurred after tie back surgery.
T30395 83584-83694 Sentence denotes Treatment failures occurred in 2 very chronic cases and 1 case where the DDSP occurred after tie back surgery.
TextSentencer_T599 83695-83860 Sentence denotes This study shows that in this sport horse population, DDSP was associated with lower airway inflammation in a large proportion of cases and can be managed medically.
T56902 83695-83860 Sentence denotes This study shows that in this sport horse population, DDSP was associated with lower airway inflammation in a large proportion of cases and can be managed medically.
TextSentencer_T600 83861-84020 Sentence denotes There was a significant increase in PGE 2 levels in ischemic-injured tissues treated with t-TUCB as compared to untreated ischemicinjured tissues (p = 0.0151).
T11100 83861-84020 Sentence denotes There was a significant increase in PGE 2 levels in ischemic-injured tissues treated with t-TUCB as compared to untreated ischemicinjured tissues (p = 0.0151).
TextSentencer_T601 84021-84174 Sentence denotes The untreated and t-TUCB-treated ischemic-injured tissues had significantly reduced TER compared to the non-ischemic tissues (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0001).
T42036 84021-84174 Sentence denotes The untreated and t-TUCB-treated ischemic-injured tissues had significantly reduced TER compared to the non-ischemic tissues (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0001).
TextSentencer_T602 84175-84285 Sentence denotes However, there were no statistical differences between ischemicinjured tissues treated with or without t-TUCB.
T883 84175-84285 Sentence denotes However, there were no statistical differences between ischemicinjured tissues treated with or without t-TUCB.
TextSentencer_T603 84286-84466 Sentence denotes We conclude that t-TUCB is a novel modulator of PG levels, resulting in increased PGE 2 in tissues injured by ischemia without significantly impairing recovery of barrier function.
T90474 84286-84466 Sentence denotes We conclude that t-TUCB is a novel modulator of PG levels, resulting in increased PGE 2 in tissues injured by ischemia without significantly impairing recovery of barrier function.
TextSentencer_T604 84467-84572 Sentence denotes Therefore, t-TUCB may have a future use to treat animals with diseases such as strangulating obstruction.
T93928 84467-84572 Sentence denotes Therefore, t-TUCB may have a future use to treat animals with diseases such as strangulating obstruction.
TextSentencer_T605 84573-84630 Sentence denotes Pharmacokinetics of and 28 days after discharge (Day 28).
T53811 84573-84630 Sentence denotes Pharmacokinetics of and 28 days after discharge (Day 28).
TextSentencer_T606 84631-84685 Sentence denotes Samples were semiquantitatively cultured on ESBL-agar.
T121 84631-84685 Sentence denotes Samples were semiquantitatively cultured on ESBL-agar.
TextSentencer_T607 84686-84802 Sentence denotes Differences between groups were analysed using the Chi-square test, odds ratios and two-way repeated measures ANOVA.
T78979 84686-84802 Sentence denotes Differences between groups were analysed using the Chi-square test, odds ratios and two-way repeated measures ANOVA.
TextSentencer_T608 84803-84867 Sentence denotes Prevalence on Day 0 was not different between groups (p = 0.47).
T51861 84803-84867 Sentence denotes Prevalence on Day 0 was not different between groups (p = 0.47).
TextSentencer_T609 84868-84990 Sentence denotes Horses treated with CEF and P/G were more likely to shed ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae compared to NOAMD on Day 3 (OR:
T90819 84868-84990 Sentence denotes Horses treated with CEF and P/G were more likely to shed ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae compared to NOAMD on Day 3 (OR:
TextSentencer_T610 84991-85012 Sentence denotes 0.4, p = 0.07 and OR:
T87217 84991-85012 Sentence denotes 0.4, p = 0.07 and OR:
TextSentencer_T611 85013-85057 Sentence denotes 6.8, p = 0.04, respectively) and Day 28 (OR:
T7667 85013-85057 Sentence denotes 6.8, p = 0.04, respectively) and Day 28 (OR:
TextSentencer_T612 85058-85079 Sentence denotes 0.2, p = 0.02 and OR:
T40026 85058-85079 Sentence denotes 0.2, p = 0.02 and OR:
TextSentencer_T613 85080-85110 Sentence denotes 6.3, p = 0.003, respectively).
T37018 85080-85110 Sentence denotes 6.3, p = 0.003, respectively).
TextSentencer_T614 85111-85214 Sentence denotes ESBL counts increased from Day 0 to Day 3 in all groups (CEF p = 0.001, P/G p < 0.001, NOAMD p = 0.02).
T40360 85111-85214 Sentence denotes ESBL counts increased from Day 0 to Day 3 in all groups (CEF p = 0.001, P/G p < 0.001, NOAMD p = 0.02).
TextSentencer_T615 85215-85437 Sentence denotes ESBL bacterial count was significantly higher in the P/G group compared to CEF and NOAMD group (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and was also significantly higher in the CEF group compared to NOAMD group (p = 0.001).
T69646 85215-85437 Sentence denotes ESBL bacterial count was significantly higher in the P/G group compared to CEF and NOAMD group (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and was also significantly higher in the CEF group compared to NOAMD group (p = 0.001).
TextSentencer_T616 85438-85477 Sentence denotes with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
T7190 85438-85477 Sentence denotes with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
TextSentencer_T617 85478-85621 Sentence denotes Administration of cefquinome did not induce higher shedding rates compared to administration of penicillin/gentamicin as a standard antibiosis.
T20929 85478-85621 Sentence denotes Administration of cefquinome did not induce higher shedding rates compared to administration of penicillin/gentamicin as a standard antibiosis.
TextSentencer_T618 85622-85686 Sentence denotes This highlights the need for reducing antimicrobial use overall.
T84933 85622-85686 Sentence denotes This highlights the need for reducing antimicrobial use overall.
TextSentencer_T619 85687-85698 Sentence denotes Jennifer R.
T56016 85687-85698 Sentence denotes Jennifer R.
TextSentencer_T620 85699-85717 Sentence denotes Bauquier, Simon R.
T59518 85699-85717 Sentence denotes Bauquier, Simon R.
TextSentencer_T621 85718-85927 Sentence denotes Bailey University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia Mitochondrial products, especially mitochondrial DNA, are proinflammatory in human studies, presumably due to their bacterial evolutionary origins.
T41499 85718-85927 Sentence denotes Bailey University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia Mitochondrial products, especially mitochondrial DNA, are proinflammatory in human studies, presumably due to their bacterial evolutionary origins.
TextSentencer_T622 85928-86047 Sentence denotes Therefore their release from tissue necrosis may be an important contributor to the inflammatory response in the horse.
T71613 85928-86047 Sentence denotes Therefore their release from tissue necrosis may be an important contributor to the inflammatory response in the horse.
TextSentencer_T623 86048-86179 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to determine the inflammatory response to mitochondrial products in an in vitro equine whole blood assay.
T7127 86048-86179 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to determine the inflammatory response to mitochondrial products in an in vitro equine whole blood assay.
TextSentencer_T624 86180-86290 Sentence denotes Mitochondria were isolated from liver tissue of a systemically healthy horse by cell lysis and centrifugation.
T36600 86180-86290 Sentence denotes Mitochondria were isolated from liver tissue of a systemically healthy horse by cell lysis and centrifugation.
TextSentencer_T625 86291-86525 Sentence denotes Mitochondria were then fragmented by freeze-thawing and serially diluted from 1:1 to 1:512 in PBS, and added to aliquots of whole blood from 6 healthy horses, mixed 1:1 with RPMI medium, with one aliquot serving as a negative control.
T891 86291-86525 Sentence denotes Mitochondria were then fragmented by freeze-thawing and serially diluted from 1:1 to 1:512 in PBS, and added to aliquots of whole blood from 6 healthy horses, mixed 1:1 with RPMI medium, with one aliquot serving as a negative control.
TextSentencer_T626 86526-86580 Sentence denotes Aliquots were incubated rotating at 37 C for 21 hours.
T10066 86526-86580 Sentence denotes Aliquots were incubated rotating at 37 C for 21 hours.
TextSentencer_T627 86581-86700 Sentence denotes The inflammatory response was determined by measuring TNF-α in the supernatant using a murine L929 fibroblast bioassay.
T63813 86581-86700 Sentence denotes The inflammatory response was determined by measuring TNF-α in the supernatant using a murine L929 fibroblast bioassay.
TextSentencer_T628 86701-86926 Sentence denotes Mitochondrial fragments caused an inflammatory effect in equine whole blood, producing a concentration-dependent increase in TNF-α release into the plasma/supernatant, which fitted to a sigmoidal concentration-response curve.
T2424 86701-86926 Sentence denotes Mitochondrial fragments caused an inflammatory effect in equine whole blood, producing a concentration-dependent increase in TNF-α release into the plasma/supernatant, which fitted to a sigmoidal concentration-response curve.
TextSentencer_T629 86927-87141 Sentence denotes There was a 7.3-fold increase in TNF-α production at the lowest dilutions of mitochondrial fragments (557.5 ± 470.5 pg/mL at 1:2 dilution compared with 76.1 ± 33.9 pg/mL in whole blood incubated with no fragments).
T50540 86927-87141 Sentence denotes There was a 7.3-fold increase in TNF-α production at the lowest dilutions of mitochondrial fragments (557.5 ± 470.5 pg/mL at 1:2 dilution compared with 76.1 ± 33.9 pg/mL in whole blood incubated with no fragments).
TextSentencer_T630 87142-87420 Sentence denotes The release of mitochondrial fragments from localized tissue damage, inflammation or necrosis might contribute to the clinical severity of SIRS, and possibly offer a mechanism for the development of SIRS in horses in the absence of obvious gastrointestinal disease or infection.
T37692 87142-87420 Sentence denotes The release of mitochondrial fragments from localized tissue damage, inflammation or necrosis might contribute to the clinical severity of SIRS, and possibly offer a mechanism for the development of SIRS in horses in the absence of obvious gastrointestinal disease or infection.
TextSentencer_T631 87421-87584 Sentence denotes Further work is warranted to investigate the significance of inflammation caused by mitochondrial fragments in horses, including novel anti-inflammatory therapies.
T81956 87421-87584 Sentence denotes Further work is warranted to investigate the significance of inflammation caused by mitochondrial fragments in horses, including novel anti-inflammatory therapies.
TextSentencer_T632 87585-87718 Sentence denotes The electrocardiogram is an indispensable tool in the diagnosis of arrhythmias and electric conduction disorders in the equine heart.
T52122 87585-87718 Sentence denotes The electrocardiogram is an indispensable tool in the diagnosis of arrhythmias and electric conduction disorders in the equine heart.
TextSentencer_T633 87719-87981 Sentence denotes However, several electrocardiographic variables may be influenced by factors such as species, age, gender, breed and morphofunctional constitution, highlighting the importance of knowing normal characteristics for distinct species, breeds and development stages.
T1201 87719-87981 Sentence denotes However, several electrocardiographic variables may be influenced by factors such as species, age, gender, breed and morphofunctional constitution, highlighting the importance of knowing normal characteristics for distinct species, breeds and development stages.
TextSentencer_T634 87982-88210 Sentence denotes This study aims at assessing the electrocardiographic development in the frontal plane and apical-to-basal derivations during the last days of pregnancy (35, 28, 21, 14, 7 and 1 day before birth) in 10 donkeys of the Pega breed.
T42193 87982-88210 Sentence denotes This study aims at assessing the electrocardiographic development in the frontal plane and apical-to-basal derivations during the last days of pregnancy (35, 28, 21, 14, 7 and 1 day before birth) in 10 donkeys of the Pega breed.
TextSentencer_T635 88211-88426 Sentence denotes Therefore, the electrocardiogram was conducted in a computer-interpreted electrocardiography device in the frontal plane and apical-to-basal derivations for 5 minutes without sedatives, tranquilizers or anesthetics.
T24784 88211-88426 Sentence denotes Therefore, the electrocardiogram was conducted in a computer-interpreted electrocardiography device in the frontal plane and apical-to-basal derivations for 5 minutes without sedatives, tranquilizers or anesthetics.
TextSentencer_T636 88427-88461 Sentence denotes The results are shown in Table 1 .
T39929 88427-88461 Sentence denotes The results are shown in Table 1 .
TextSentencer_T637 88462-88588 Sentence denotes We did not observe physiological or pathological cardiac arrhythmias or electric conduction disorders in the animals assessed.
T49375 88462-88588 Sentence denotes We did not observe physiological or pathological cardiac arrhythmias or electric conduction disorders in the animals assessed.
TextSentencer_T638 88589-88954 Sentence denotes The heartrates observed in frontal plane and apical-to-basal derivations presented minimal changes between the studied moments during pregnancy and the predominant cardiac rhythm observed in 100% (60/60) of the females was sinus tachycardia, with the heartrate increasing as the birth got closer (58±8.47 bpm in the 35 th day before birth and 61,3±11 bpm at birth).
T33716 88589-88954 Sentence denotes The heartrates observed in frontal plane and apical-to-basal derivations presented minimal changes between the studied moments during pregnancy and the predominant cardiac rhythm observed in 100% (60/60) of the females was sinus tachycardia, with the heartrate increasing as the birth got closer (58±8.47 bpm in the 35 th day before birth and 61,3±11 bpm at birth).
TextSentencer_T639 88955-89014 Sentence denotes Bifid and biphasic P waves were predominant at all moments.
T27324 88955-89014 Sentence denotes Bifid and biphasic P waves were predominant at all moments.
TextSentencer_T640 89015-89245 Sentence denotes We observed significant differences in the duration of PR intervals (ms) in the frontal plane and apical-to-basal derivations, and in the QT interval (ms) in both derivations; as well as a significant increase in R wave amplitude.
T72815 89015-89245 Sentence denotes We observed significant differences in the duration of PR intervals (ms) in the frontal plane and apical-to-basal derivations, and in the QT interval (ms) in both derivations; as well as a significant increase in R wave amplitude.
TextSentencer_T641 89246-89574 Sentence denotes The electrocardiographic parameters of pregnant donkeys diverge in terms of duration, amplitude and morphology in (E39) contrast with other donkey and equine breeds and these findings highlight the importance of obtaining specific values for distinct species, breeds and pregnancy stage so a safer prenatal care can be achieved.
T91241 89246-89574 Sentence denotes The electrocardiographic parameters of pregnant donkeys diverge in terms of duration, amplitude and morphology in (E39) contrast with other donkey and equine breeds and these findings highlight the importance of obtaining specific values for distinct species, breeds and pregnancy stage so a safer prenatal care can be achieved.
TextSentencer_T642 89575-89824 Sentence denotes Key genes involved in the transport of calcium (Ca 2+ ) across the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) encode proteins such as the ryanodine receptor (RYR), which releases Ca 2+ from the SR, and SR calcium ATPase (SERCA), which pumps Ca 2+ back into the SR.
T35481 89575-89824 Sentence denotes Key genes involved in the transport of calcium (Ca 2+ ) across the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) encode proteins such as the ryanodine receptor (RYR), which releases Ca 2+ from the SR, and SR calcium ATPase (SERCA), which pumps Ca 2+ back into the SR.
TextSentencer_T643 89825-89966 Sentence denotes Newly discovered regulatory micropeptides such as MRLN, PLN and SLN inhibit SERCA, thereby controlling intracellular Ca 2+ and contractility.
T88033 89825-89966 Sentence denotes Newly discovered regulatory micropeptides such as MRLN, PLN and SLN inhibit SERCA, thereby controlling intracellular Ca 2+ and contractility.
TextSentencer_T644 89967-90058 Sentence denotes The transcript expression or protein abundance of these micropeptides in horses is unknown.
T2751 89967-90058 Sentence denotes The transcript expression or protein abundance of these micropeptides in horses is unknown.
TextSentencer_T645 90059-90210 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study is to determine the relative expression of equine Ca 2+ regulatory genes in left ventricle, right atrium, and gluteal muscle.
T91974 90059-90210 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study is to determine the relative expression of equine Ca 2+ regulatory genes in left ventricle, right atrium, and gluteal muscle.
TextSentencer_T646 90211-90300 Sentence denotes RNA was extracted from tissues collected from 7 horses and reverse transcribed into cDNA.
T32043 90211-90300 Sentence denotes RNA was extracted from tissues collected from 7 horses and reverse transcribed into cDNA.
TextSentencer_T647 90301-90396 Sentence denotes Transcript abundance was quantified using qRT-PCR and data normalized to GAPDH (within sample).
T42229 90301-90396 Sentence denotes Transcript abundance was quantified using qRT-PCR and data normalized to GAPDH (within sample).
TextSentencer_T648 90397-90512 Sentence denotes Data was compared using an ANOVA, with gluteal used as a baseline, and results were corrected for multiple testing.
T64617 90397-90512 Sentence denotes Data was compared using an ANOVA, with gluteal used as a baseline, and results were corrected for multiple testing.
TextSentencer_T649 90513-90613 Sentence denotes Following a single dose, mean maximum concentration (C max ) was 16.61 ug/mL at 1.35 hours (T max ).
T24985 90513-90613 Sentence denotes Following a single dose, mean maximum concentration (C max ) was 16.61 ug/mL at 1.35 hours (T max ).
TextSentencer_T650 90614-90745 Sentence denotes APAP remained above presumed therapeutic concentrations (10 ug/mL) for two hours postadministration and was undetected by 12 hours.
T30777 90614-90745 Sentence denotes APAP remained above presumed therapeutic concentrations (10 ug/mL) for two hours postadministration and was undetected by 12 hours.
TextSentencer_T651 90746-90785 Sentence denotes Elimination half-life (T ½ ) was 2.78h.
T26972 90746-90785 Sentence denotes Elimination half-life (T ½ ) was 2.78h.
TextSentencer_T652 90786-90849 Sentence denotes No significant accumulation was noted following multiple doses.
T42395 90786-90849 Sentence denotes No significant accumulation was noted following multiple doses.
TextSentencer_T653 90850-90968 Sentence denotes Average C max of APAP following repeated oral dosing was 15.85 ug/mL, with a T max of 0.99 hours and T 1/2 of 4 hours.
T94580 90850-90968 Sentence denotes Average C max of APAP following repeated oral dosing was 15.85 ug/mL, with a T max of 0.99 hours and T 1/2 of 4 hours.
TextSentencer_T654 90969-91006 Sentence denotes SDH was significantly decreased (pre:
T30521 90969-91006 Sentence denotes SDH was significantly decreased (pre:
TextSentencer_T655 91007-91023 Sentence denotes 13.84 U/L, post:
T71355 91007-91023 Sentence denotes 13.84 U/L, post:
TextSentencer_T656 91024-91099 Sentence denotes 10.52 U/L, p = 0.013) and total bilirubin was significantly increased (pre:
T2294 91024-91099 Sentence denotes 10.52 U/L, p = 0.013) and total bilirubin was significantly increased (pre:
TextSentencer_T657 91100-91117 Sentence denotes 1.99 mg/dl, post:
T71313 91100-91117 Sentence denotes 1.99 mg/dl, post:
TextSentencer_T658 91118-91165 Sentence denotes 3.47 mg/dl, p = 0.004) following the last dose.
T43817 91118-91165 Sentence denotes 3.47 mg/dl, p = 0.004) following the last dose.
TextSentencer_T659 91166-91241 Sentence denotes No statistically significant changes were noted in gastroscopy scores (pre:
T57172 91166-91241 Sentence denotes No statistically significant changes were noted in gastroscopy scores (pre:
TextSentencer_T660 91242-91258 Sentence denotes 9.67 mean, post:
T49399 91242-91258 Sentence denotes 9.67 mean, post:
TextSentencer_T661 91259-91281 Sentence denotes 10.08 mean, p = 0.75).
T5245 91259-91281 Sentence denotes 10.08 mean, p = 0.75).
TextSentencer_T662 91282-91371 Sentence denotes Dose simulations suggested higher doses and/or shorter dosing intervals may be indicated.
T12779 91282-91371 Sentence denotes Dose simulations suggested higher doses and/or shorter dosing intervals may be indicated.
TextSentencer_T663 91372-91463 Sentence denotes This study demonstrated the safety of acetaminophen with repeated oral dosing over 14 days.
T51191 91372-91463 Sentence denotes This study demonstrated the safety of acetaminophen with repeated oral dosing over 14 days.
TextSentencer_T664 91464-91737 Sentence denotes This study also confirms that the 20 mg/kg dose used in previous clinical reports reaches proposed therapeutic concentrations after oral administration to fed horses, however a shorter 6-8 hour dosage interval may be required for improved efficacy. heart rate was detected.
T6307 91464-91737 Sentence denotes This study also confirms that the 20 mg/kg dose used in previous clinical reports reaches proposed therapeutic concentrations after oral administration to fed horses, however a shorter 6-8 hour dosage interval may be required for improved efficacy. heart rate was detected.
TextSentencer_T665 91738-91853 Sentence denotes This study identified that dexmedetomidine was rapidly but incompletely absorbed after subcutaneous administration.
T70989 91738-91853 Sentence denotes This study identified that dexmedetomidine was rapidly but incompletely absorbed after subcutaneous administration.
TextSentencer_T666 91854-92005 Sentence denotes Higher plasma concentrations after intravenous administration were associated with increased blood pressure, compared with subcutaneous administration.
T27719 91854-92005 Sentence denotes Higher plasma concentrations after intravenous administration were associated with increased blood pressure, compared with subcutaneous administration.
TextSentencer_T667 92006-92110 Sentence denotes These results suggest a need for dosage adjustment based on route of administration for dexmedetomidine.
T3554 92006-92110 Sentence denotes These results suggest a need for dosage adjustment based on route of administration for dexmedetomidine.
TextSentencer_T668 92111-92137 Sentence denotes Lucia Mentink 1 , Simon R.
T61133 92111-92137 Sentence denotes Lucia Mentink 1 , Simon R.
TextSentencer_T669 92138-92160 Sentence denotes Bailey 2 , Jennifer R.
T71619 92138-92160 Sentence denotes Bailey 2 , Jennifer R.
TextSentencer_T670 92161-92469 Sentence denotes Bauquier 2 1 University of Melbourne, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia, 2 University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia Plasma phosphate concentration (P) and plasma calcium concentration (Ca) change in human sepsis and experimentally-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome in horses.
T81356 92161-92469 Sentence denotes Bauquier 2 1 University of Melbourne, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia, 2 University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia Plasma phosphate concentration (P) and plasma calcium concentration (Ca) change in human sepsis and experimentally-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome in horses.
TextSentencer_T671 92470-92547 Sentence denotes These easily measured parameters might be useful biomarkers for equine colic.
T24375 92470-92547 Sentence denotes These easily measured parameters might be useful biomarkers for equine colic.
TextSentencer_T672 92548-92666 Sentence denotes This study aimed to determine the usefulness of P and Ca as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in horses with colic.
T34588 92548-92666 Sentence denotes This study aimed to determine the usefulness of P and Ca as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in horses with colic.
TextSentencer_T673 92667-92740 Sentence denotes Records of horses presenting for colic (including colitis) were reviewed.
T54498 92667-92740 Sentence denotes Records of horses presenting for colic (including colitis) were reviewed.
TextSentencer_T674 92741-92779 Sentence denotes Controls were healthy teaching horses.
T39655 92741-92779 Sentence denotes Controls were healthy teaching horses.
TextSentencer_T675 92780-92852 Sentence denotes P and Ca, and Ca:P were compared between horses with colic and controls.
T29418 92780-92852 Sentence denotes P and Ca, and Ca:P were compared between horses with colic and controls.
TextSentencer_T676 92853-93001 Sentence denotes Additional comparisons were made between horses with strangulating, nonstrangulating and inflammatory colic lesions, and survivors and nonsurvivors.
T57528 92853-93001 Sentence denotes Additional comparisons were made between horses with strangulating, nonstrangulating and inflammatory colic lesions, and survivors and nonsurvivors.
TextSentencer_T677 93002-93085 Sentence denotes Correlations with haematocrit, white cell count (WCC) and fibrinogen were examined.
T94457 93002-93085 Sentence denotes Correlations with haematocrit, white cell count (WCC) and fibrinogen were examined.
TextSentencer_T678 93086-93145 Sentence denotes Records from 101 colic cases and 24 controls were included.
T14844 93086-93145 Sentence denotes Records from 101 colic cases and 24 controls were included.
TextSentencer_T679 93146-93323 Sentence denotes Colic cases had significantly higher P (1.2-fold increase, P=0.037) and significantly lower Ca (1.06-fold decrease, P=0.03) and Ca:P (1.15-fold decrease, P=0.005) than controls.
T85153 93146-93323 Sentence denotes Colic cases had significantly higher P (1.2-fold increase, P=0.037) and significantly lower Ca (1.06-fold decrease, P=0.03) and Ca:P (1.15-fold decrease, P=0.005) than controls.
TextSentencer_T680 93324-93591 Sentence denotes There was no difference in P, Ca or Ca:P between colic lesion groups, but Ca was significantly lower for strangulating and inflammatory lesions compared to controls (P < 0.05), and Ca:P was significantly lower for inflammatory lesions compared to controls (P < 0.05).
T96634 93324-93591 Sentence denotes There was no difference in P, Ca or Ca:P between colic lesion groups, but Ca was significantly lower for strangulating and inflammatory lesions compared to controls (P < 0.05), and Ca:P was significantly lower for inflammatory lesions compared to controls (P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T681 93592-93716 Sentence denotes Weak but significant correlations were found between P and haematocrit, WCC and fibrinogen, but not Ca and these parameters.
T92626 93592-93716 Sentence denotes Weak but significant correlations were found between P and haematocrit, WCC and fibrinogen, but not Ca and these parameters.
TextSentencer_T682 93717-93795 Sentence denotes Ca:P was significantly correlated with fibrinogen and haematocrit but not WCC.
T77069 93717-93795 Sentence denotes Ca:P was significantly correlated with fibrinogen and haematocrit but not WCC.
TextSentencer_T683 93796-93839 Sentence denotes Ca and P were not significantly correlated.
T94405 93796-93839 Sentence denotes Ca and P were not significantly correlated.
TextSentencer_T684 93840-93900 Sentence denotes There was no association between P, Ca or Ca:P and survival.
T27424 93840-93900 Sentence denotes There was no association between P, Ca or Ca:P and survival.
TextSentencer_T685 93901-94007 Sentence denotes Neither P, Ca or Ca:P were useful alone as biomarkers, but can contribute to the overall clinical picture.
T11965 93901-94007 Sentence denotes Neither P, Ca or Ca:P were useful alone as biomarkers, but can contribute to the overall clinical picture.
TextSentencer_T686 94008-94203 Sentence denotes Nine halter-bred American Quarter Horse foals (age range 1 day to 3 months) from a single farm in central Ohio were presented to the OSU CVM for evaluation of diarrhea, lethargy, and inappetance.
T21059 94008-94203 Sentence denotes Nine halter-bred American Quarter Horse foals (age range 1 day to 3 months) from a single farm in central Ohio were presented to the OSU CVM for evaluation of diarrhea, lethargy, and inappetance.
TextSentencer_T687 94204-94398 Sentence denotes One foal died within 12 hours of admission, while two foals were euthanized within 2 hours of admission (poor response to resuscitation in one and suspected gastrointestinal rupture in another).
T1047 94204-94398 Sentence denotes One foal died within 12 hours of admission, while two foals were euthanized within 2 hours of admission (poor response to resuscitation in one and suspected gastrointestinal rupture in another).
TextSentencer_T688 94399-94456 Sentence denotes Rotavirus PCR performed on feces was positive in 4 foals.
T68445 94399-94456 Sentence denotes Rotavirus PCR performed on feces was positive in 4 foals.
TextSentencer_T689 94457-94619 Sentence denotes One foal was positive for Clostridium difficile on fecal culture, while the rest were negative for Clostridium perfringens/difficile, Salmonella, and Coronavirus.
T10323 94457-94619 Sentence denotes One foal was positive for Clostridium difficile on fecal culture, while the rest were negative for Clostridium perfringens/difficile, Salmonella, and Coronavirus.
TextSentencer_T690 94620-94903 Sentence denotes Four foals were discharged from the hospital, but re-presented within 2-3 weeks for persistent inappetance, lethargy, and failure to thrive, and were subsequently diagnosed with pyloric outflow obstruction based on gastroscopy, persistent nasogastric reflux, and barium gastrography.
T6778 94620-94903 Sentence denotes Four foals were discharged from the hospital, but re-presented within 2-3 weeks for persistent inappetance, lethargy, and failure to thrive, and were subsequently diagnosed with pyloric outflow obstruction based on gastroscopy, persistent nasogastric reflux, and barium gastrography.
TextSentencer_T691 94904-95011 Sentence denotes One foal re-presented for caudal esophageal stricture, and was euthanized after poor response to treatment.
T74748 94904-95011 Sentence denotes One foal re-presented for caudal esophageal stricture, and was euthanized after poor response to treatment.
TextSentencer_T692 95012-95099 Sentence denotes Three foals were euthanized due to pyloric outflow obstruction, while 1 was discharged.
T949 95012-95099 Sentence denotes Three foals were euthanized due to pyloric outflow obstruction, while 1 was discharged.
TextSentencer_T693 95100-95197 Sentence denotes Necropsies performed on 3 foals revealed severe gastric distention and pyloric/duodenal stenosis.
T93080 95100-95197 Sentence denotes Necropsies performed on 3 foals revealed severe gastric distention and pyloric/duodenal stenosis.
TextSentencer_T694 95198-95460 Sentence denotes While gastroduodenal ulceration (EGUS) has been suspected in association with rotavirus, the incidence of multiple cases of pyloric outflow obstruction in association with rotaviral enteritis has not been documented as well in horses as it has in human neonates.
T42249 95198-95460 Sentence denotes While gastroduodenal ulceration (EGUS) has been suspected in association with rotavirus, the incidence of multiple cases of pyloric outflow obstruction in association with rotaviral enteritis has not been documented as well in horses as it has in human neonates.
TextSentencer_T695 95461-95556 Sentence denotes EGUS in foals is common (prevalence ranging from 25-50%), and frequently clinically inapparent.
T55413 95461-95556 Sentence denotes EGUS in foals is common (prevalence ranging from 25-50%), and frequently clinically inapparent.
TextSentencer_T696 95557-95633 Sentence denotes Rarely, these lesions may produce stricture and gastric outflow obstruction.
T93572 95557-95633 Sentence denotes Rarely, these lesions may produce stricture and gastric outflow obstruction.
TextSentencer_T697 95634-95757 Sentence denotes This report describes gastric outflow obstruction diagnosed in multiple foals in association with an outbreak of rotavirus.
T36757 95634-95757 Sentence denotes This report describes gastric outflow obstruction diagnosed in multiple foals in association with an outbreak of rotavirus.
TextSentencer_T698 95758-95912 Sentence denotes Stephanie Vijan 1 , Katarzyna Dembek 2 , Steven Reed 3 , Nathan Slovis 4 , Ramiro Toribio 5 Septicemia is the leading cause of mortality in newborn foals.
T15294 95758-95912 Sentence denotes Stephanie Vijan 1 , Katarzyna Dembek 2 , Steven Reed 3 , Nathan Slovis 4 , Ramiro Toribio 5 Septicemia is the leading cause of mortality in newborn foals.
TextSentencer_T699 95913-96100 Sentence denotes Progesterone is mainly known for its role in pregnancy; however, it is also a precursor to adrenocortical and neuroactive steroids and likely plays important functions in equine neonates.
T45378 95913-96100 Sentence denotes Progesterone is mainly known for its role in pregnancy; however, it is also a precursor to adrenocortical and neuroactive steroids and likely plays important functions in equine neonates.
TextSentencer_T700 96101-96213 Sentence denotes Human studies have demonstrated that progesterone modulates immunity and predisposes to inflammatory conditions.
T67137 96101-96213 Sentence denotes Human studies have demonstrated that progesterone modulates immunity and predisposes to inflammatory conditions.
TextSentencer_T701 96214-96309 Sentence denotes However, the mechanisms by which progesterone influences outcomes in sick foals remain unclear.
T64053 96214-96309 Sentence denotes However, the mechanisms by which progesterone influences outcomes in sick foals remain unclear.
TextSentencer_T702 96310-96544 Sentence denotes The goal of our study was to measure blood concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and serum amyloid A (SAA) in healthy and hospitalized foals, and to determine their association with progesterone, severity of disease, and mortality.
T60189 96310-96544 Sentence denotes The goal of our study was to measure blood concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and serum amyloid A (SAA) in healthy and hospitalized foals, and to determine their association with progesterone, severity of disease, and mortality.
TextSentencer_T703 96545-96757 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that hospitalized foals will have higher progesterone, 17 α -hydroxyprogesterone and cortisol concentrations that will be associated with the inflammatory response, disease severity and mortality.
T40575 96545-96757 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that hospitalized foals will have higher progesterone, 17 α -hydroxyprogesterone and cortisol concentrations that will be associated with the inflammatory response, disease severity and mortality.
TextSentencer_T704 96758-97022 Sentence denotes Foals (n = 62) were divided into three groups based on severity of disease (septic [n = 31], sick non-septic [SNS; n = 21], and healthy [n = 10]), and hospitalized foals (SNS and septic) were divided into two groups based on survival (survivors and non-survivors).
T162 96758-97022 Sentence denotes Foals (n = 62) were divided into three groups based on severity of disease (septic [n = 31], sick non-septic [SNS; n = 21], and healthy [n = 10]), and hospitalized foals (SNS and septic) were divided into two groups based on survival (survivors and non-survivors).
TextSentencer_T705 97023-97065 Sentence denotes Blood samples were collected on admission.
T17953 97023-97065 Sentence denotes Blood samples were collected on admission.
TextSentencer_T706 97066-97133 Sentence denotes Hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay, and cytokines by ELISA.
T84318 97066-97133 Sentence denotes Hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay, and cytokines by ELISA.
TextSentencer_T707 97134-97300 Sentence denotes Progesterone, 17 α -hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol, and interleukin 1β concentrations were significantly higher in septic and SNS compared to healthy foals (P < 0.05).
T12001 97134-97300 Sentence denotes Progesterone, 17 α -hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol, and interleukin 1β concentrations were significantly higher in septic and SNS compared to healthy foals (P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T708 97301-97478 Sentence denotes Leukocyte and neutrophil count as well as IgG concentrations were lower, while SAA concentrations were significantly higher in hospitalized compared to healthy foals (P < 0.05).
T61584 97301-97478 Sentence denotes Leukocyte and neutrophil count as well as IgG concentrations were lower, while SAA concentrations were significantly higher in hospitalized compared to healthy foals (P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T709 97479-97566 Sentence denotes Interleukin 4 concentrations were significantly higher in non-survivors than survivors.
T31942 97479-97566 Sentence denotes Interleukin 4 concentrations were significantly higher in non-survivors than survivors.
TextSentencer_T710 97567-97631 Sentence denotes IgG and interleukin 6 concentrations were positively correlated.
T59110 97567-97631 Sentence denotes IgG and interleukin 6 concentrations were positively correlated.
TextSentencer_T711 97632-97732 Sentence denotes Progesterone was significantly lower in non-survivors and negatively correlated with SAA (P < 0.05).
T83639 97632-97732 Sentence denotes Progesterone was significantly lower in non-survivors and negatively correlated with SAA (P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T712 97733-97938 Sentence denotes These results suggest that progesterone, in addition to cortisol, may be involved in the adrenocortical response to stress from critical illness and could influence the inflammatory response in sick foals.
T72296 97733-97938 Sentence denotes These results suggest that progesterone, in addition to cortisol, may be involved in the adrenocortical response to stress from critical illness and could influence the inflammatory response in sick foals.
TextSentencer_T713 97939-98040 Sentence denotes This is the first study to associate progestogens with markers of inflammation in hospitalized foals.
T65170 97939-98040 Sentence denotes This is the first study to associate progestogens with markers of inflammation in hospitalized foals.
TextSentencer_T714 98042-98133 Sentence denotes and in animal models of sepsis, but have not been FDA approved for use in horses in the US.
T71080 98042-98133 Sentence denotes and in animal models of sepsis, but have not been FDA approved for use in horses in the US.
TextSentencer_T715 98134-98254 Sentence denotes The objective of the pilot study was to evaluate a single dose of novel anti-TNF antibody in neonatal foals with sepsis.
T16508 98134-98254 Sentence denotes The objective of the pilot study was to evaluate a single dose of novel anti-TNF antibody in neonatal foals with sepsis.
TextSentencer_T716 98255-98313 Sentence denotes The study was a single-dose, multi-center, clinical trial.
T47802 98255-98313 Sentence denotes The study was a single-dose, multi-center, clinical trial.
TextSentencer_T717 98314-98482 Sentence denotes Foals aged 0-96 hours with sepsis as defined by a sepsis score ≥ 11 or sick (nonseptic) defined as rectal temperature 102.5 F and blood glucose 180 mg/dL were enrolled.
T47405 98314-98482 Sentence denotes Foals aged 0-96 hours with sepsis as defined by a sepsis score ≥ 11 or sick (nonseptic) defined as rectal temperature 102.5 F and blood glucose 180 mg/dL were enrolled.
TextSentencer_T718 98483-98614 Sentence denotes Foals were administered anti-TNF antibody ACTH levels were measured at Day 0 (baseline) and over time (variable by storage method).
T83832 98483-98614 Sentence denotes Foals were administered anti-TNF antibody ACTH levels were measured at Day 0 (baseline) and over time (variable by storage method).
TextSentencer_T719 98615-98721 Sentence denotes Plasma samples were stored in either -80 C, -20 C or samples placed between ice packs and stored at -20 C.
T79373 98615-98721 Sentence denotes Plasma samples were stored in either -80 C, -20 C or samples placed between ice packs and stored at -20 C.
TextSentencer_T720 98722-98940 Sentence denotes Plasma samples were stored at -80 C for 3, 7, 30, 60 and 90 days, or stored at -20 C for 3, 7, 30 and 60 days, or stored between ice packs at -20 C for 3 and 7 days prior to determination of resting ACTH concentration.
T99384 98722-98940 Sentence denotes Plasma samples were stored at -80 C for 3, 7, 30, 60 and 90 days, or stored at -20 C for 3, 7, 30 and 60 days, or stored between ice packs at -20 C for 3 and 7 days prior to determination of resting ACTH concentration.
TextSentencer_T721 98941-99086 Sentence denotes Plasma samples were shipped to the Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY for measurement of resting ACTH concentration.
T99126 98941-99086 Sentence denotes Plasma samples were shipped to the Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY for measurement of resting ACTH concentration.
TextSentencer_T722 99087-99309 Sentence denotes Within each storage method, ACTH levels over time were compared to baseline (nonfrozen Day 0 plasma) using a paired t-test (i.e. each horse serving as its own control and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant).
T97969 99087-99309 Sentence denotes Within each storage method, ACTH levels over time were compared to baseline (nonfrozen Day 0 plasma) using a paired t-test (i.e. each horse serving as its own control and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant).
TextSentencer_T723 99310-99402 Sentence denotes Data were summarized with mean, standard error (SE) and percent change from baseline (%CFB).
T4068 99310-99402 Sentence denotes Data were summarized with mean, standard error (SE) and percent change from baseline (%CFB).
TextSentencer_T724 99403-99515 Sentence denotes Mean ACTH level on Day 0 for plasma stored at -80 C was 392.2 pg/mL that declined 6.9% to 365.0 pg/mL by Day 90.
T56081 99403-99515 Sentence denotes Mean ACTH level on Day 0 for plasma stored at -80 C was 392.2 pg/mL that declined 6.9% to 365.0 pg/mL by Day 90.
TextSentencer_T725 99516-99567 Sentence denotes Through Day 60, the %CFB never varied more than 2%.
T88808 99516-99567 Sentence denotes Through Day 60, the %CFB never varied more than 2%.
TextSentencer_T726 99568-99711 Sentence denotes On Day 90, the %CFB was -6.9% although not reaching statistical significance (p = 0.1042), a trend toward significant degradation was observed.
T45117 99568-99711 Sentence denotes On Day 90, the %CFB was -6.9% although not reaching statistical significance (p = 0.1042), a trend toward significant degradation was observed.
TextSentencer_T727 99712-99824 Sentence denotes Mean ACTH level on Day 0 for plasma stored at -20 C was 392.2 pg/mL that declined 5.3% to 371.4 pg/mL by Day 60.
T58118 99712-99824 Sentence denotes Mean ACTH level on Day 0 for plasma stored at -20 C was 392.2 pg/mL that declined 5.3% to 371.4 pg/mL by Day 60.
TextSentencer_T728 99825-99932 Sentence denotes The %CFB was not statistically significant (p = 0.0590) at Day 60 although a decreasing trend was observed.
T50810 99825-99932 Sentence denotes The %CFB was not statistically significant (p = 0.0590) at Day 60 although a decreasing trend was observed.
TextSentencer_T729 99933-100062 Sentence denotes Mean ACTH level at Day 0 for plasma stored between ice packs at -20 C was 392.2 pg/mL that declined 1.1% to 387.9 pg/mL by Day 7.
T68436 99933-100062 Sentence denotes Mean ACTH level at Day 0 for plasma stored between ice packs at -20 C was 392.2 pg/mL that declined 1.1% to 387.9 pg/mL by Day 7.
TextSentencer_T730 100063-100133 Sentence denotes No significant degradation (p = 0.4860) of ACTH was observed by Day 7.
T36571 100063-100133 Sentence denotes No significant degradation (p = 0.4860) of ACTH was observed by Day 7.
TextSentencer_T731 100134-100235 Sentence denotes None of the storage methods resulted in sample degradation that differed significantly from baseline.
T61638 100134-100235 Sentence denotes None of the storage methods resulted in sample degradation that differed significantly from baseline.
TextSentencer_T732 100236-100348 Sentence denotes Trends toward degradation were observed on Day 90 in -80 C stored samples and on Day 60 at -20 C stored samples.
T27094 100236-100348 Sentence denotes Trends toward degradation were observed on Day 90 in -80 C stored samples and on Day 60 at -20 C stored samples.
TextSentencer_T733 100349-100462 Sentence denotes No significant degradation was observed in ACTH from plasma samples stored between ice packs at -20 C for 7 days.
T37884 100349-100462 Sentence denotes No significant degradation was observed in ACTH from plasma samples stored between ice packs at -20 C for 7 days.
TextSentencer_T734 100463-100662 Sentence denotes Freezing plasma for short periods of time at -20 C or at -80 C for at least 90 days resulted in no statistically significant degradation of plasma ACTH compared to non-frozen plasma baseline samples.
T49215 100463-100662 Sentence denotes Freezing plasma for short periods of time at -20 C or at -80 C for at least 90 days resulted in no statistically significant degradation of plasma ACTH compared to non-frozen plasma baseline samples.
TextSentencer_T735 100663-100805 Sentence denotes Further studies should be conducted to further evaluate the effects of freezing on plasma ACTH concentrations in larger populations of horses.
T95033 100663-100805 Sentence denotes Further studies should be conducted to further evaluate the effects of freezing on plasma ACTH concentrations in larger populations of horses.
TextSentencer_T736 100806-101039 Sentence denotes The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of weight gain, achieved by providing healthy horses a low-carbohydrate and fat rich diet followed by pasture, on insulin sensitivity, blood pressure and serum cortisol concentrations.
T27987 100806-101039 Sentence denotes The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of weight gain, achieved by providing healthy horses a low-carbohydrate and fat rich diet followed by pasture, on insulin sensitivity, blood pressure and serum cortisol concentrations.
TextSentencer_T737 101040-101172 Sentence denotes Weight gain was induced in 9 Standardbred mares fed a fat supplemented forage diet at 2.5 times the daily requirements for 22 weeks.
T4806 101040-101172 Sentence denotes Weight gain was induced in 9 Standardbred mares fed a fat supplemented forage diet at 2.5 times the daily requirements for 22 weeks.
TextSentencer_T738 101173-101224 Sentence denotes Horses were then turned out to pasture for 4 weeks.
T36788 101173-101224 Sentence denotes Horses were then turned out to pasture for 4 weeks.
TextSentencer_T739 101225-101367 Sentence denotes Insulin sensitivity was measured before and after weight gain and after 4 weeks of pasture using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp method.
T53292 101225-101367 Sentence denotes Insulin sensitivity was measured before and after weight gain and after 4 weeks of pasture using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp method.
TextSentencer_T740 101368-101472 Sentence denotes Body weight, body condition (BCS), blood pressure and serum cortisol was monitored throughout the study.
T23550 101368-101472 Sentence denotes Body weight, body condition (BCS), blood pressure and serum cortisol was monitored throughout the study.
TextSentencer_T741 101473-101539 Sentence denotes All horses became obese during the weight gain period (BCS ≥ 7.0).
T32886 101473-101539 Sentence denotes All horses became obese during the weight gain period (BCS ≥ 7.0).
TextSentencer_T742 101540-101734 Sentence denotes Mean arterial blood pressure increased gradually during the weight gain period and was significantly higher than initial values at the end of the weight gain period (78 ± 3 mmHg vs 92 ± 3 mmHg).
T75013 101540-101734 Sentence denotes Mean arterial blood pressure increased gradually during the weight gain period and was significantly higher than initial values at the end of the weight gain period (78 ± 3 mmHg vs 92 ± 3 mmHg).
TextSentencer_T743 101735-101820 Sentence denotes The mean arterial blood pressure remained at a higher level on pasture (93 ± 3 mmHg).
T86962 101735-101820 Sentence denotes The mean arterial blood pressure remained at a higher level on pasture (93 ± 3 mmHg).
TextSentencer_T744 101821-102017 Sentence denotes Insulin sensitivity (M:I 60 ) did not change during weight gain In conclusion, obesity was associated with an increase in blood pressure that was not associated with change in insulin sensitivity.
T97406 101821-102017 Sentence denotes Insulin sensitivity (M:I 60 ) did not change during weight gain In conclusion, obesity was associated with an increase in blood pressure that was not associated with change in insulin sensitivity.
TextSentencer_T745 102018-102326 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to compare cortical bone thickness and density of the third metacarpal bone in horses with PPID (PPID + with pars intermedia [PI] histology scores of 4-5 / 5; n = 9), aged horses without PPID (PPID -, PI histology score < 3; n = 6), and young horses (YOUNG [ < 8 years]; n = 5).
T91184 102018-102326 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to compare cortical bone thickness and density of the third metacarpal bone in horses with PPID (PPID + with pars intermedia [PI] histology scores of 4-5 / 5; n = 9), aged horses without PPID (PPID -, PI histology score < 3; n = 6), and young horses (YOUNG [ < 8 years]; n = 5).
TextSentencer_T746 102327-102420 Sentence denotes Following euthanasia the right third metacarpal bone was removed and CT scans were performed.
T69257 102327-102420 Sentence denotes Following euthanasia the right third metacarpal bone was removed and CT scans were performed.
TextSentencer_T747 102421-102493 Sentence denotes Images were used to measure thickness (mm) and density (Hounsfield Units
T72399 102421-102493 Sentence denotes Images were used to measure thickness (mm) and density (Hounsfield Units
TextSentencer_T748 102494-102609 Sentence denotes [HU] of a region of interest) of the dorsal, palmar, medial, and lateral cortices at the midpoint of the diaphysis.
T35615 102494-102609 Sentence denotes [HU] of a region of interest) of the dorsal, palmar, medial, and lateral cortices at the midpoint of the diaphysis.
TextSentencer_T749 102610-102657 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed by ANOVA and ANOVA on ranks.
T97659 102610-102657 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed by ANOVA and ANOVA on ranks.
TextSentencer_T750 102658-102883 Sentence denotes Significant (p < 0.05) differences were found in palmar cortex thickness between PPID + and YOUNG (YOUNG greater) and in lateral cortex thickness between PPIDand both PPID + and YOUNG (PPIDgreater than both PPID + and YOUNG).
T54275 102658-102883 Sentence denotes Significant (p < 0.05) differences were found in palmar cortex thickness between PPID + and YOUNG (YOUNG greater) and in lateral cortex thickness between PPIDand both PPID + and YOUNG (PPIDgreater than both PPID + and YOUNG).
TextSentencer_T751 102884-103011 Sentence denotes For bone density the only significant (p < 0.05) difference detected was in palmar HU between PPID + and YOUNG (YOUNG greater).
T75098 102884-103011 Sentence denotes For bone density the only significant (p < 0.05) difference detected was in palmar HU between PPID + and YOUNG (YOUNG greater).
TextSentencer_T752 103012-103175 Sentence denotes Although minor differences were found in cortical bone thickness and HU between groups, there was not a consistent effect of PPID + , as compared to PPIDand YOUNG.
T84283 103012-103175 Sentence denotes Although minor differences were found in cortical bone thickness and HU between groups, there was not a consistent effect of PPID + , as compared to PPIDand YOUNG.
TextSentencer_T753 103176-103245 Sentence denotes Further, it was difficult to separate effects of age and PPID status.
T57853 103176-103245 Sentence denotes Further, it was difficult to separate effects of age and PPID status.
TextSentencer_T754 103246-103383 Sentence denotes In conclusion, substantial changes in third metacarpal cortical thickness or density were not found in this cohort of PPID + horses. (3).
T61781 103246-103383 Sentence denotes In conclusion, substantial changes in third metacarpal cortical thickness or density were not found in this cohort of PPID + horses. (3).
TextSentencer_T755 103384-103457 Sentence denotes Sixty-one percent were female, while 31% were geldings, and 7% stallions.
T91168 103384-103457 Sentence denotes Sixty-one percent were female, while 31% were geldings, and 7% stallions.
TextSentencer_T756 103458-103535 Sentence denotes Fifty-eight percent survived to discharge, while 41% died or were euthanized.
T61345 103458-103535 Sentence denotes Fifty-eight percent survived to discharge, while 41% died or were euthanized.
TextSentencer_T757 103536-103592 Sentence denotes Degree of hyperlipemia was not associated with survival.
T72006 103536-103592 Sentence denotes Degree of hyperlipemia was not associated with survival.
TextSentencer_T758 103593-103836 Sentence denotes The most common primary diagnosis was enterocolitis (36%); 17% were diagnosed with a form of colic (medical or surgical), while other diagnoses included primary hyperlipemia, botulism, pneumonia, dystocia, guttural pouch empyema, and lymphoma.
T59070 103593-103836 Sentence denotes The most common primary diagnosis was enterocolitis (36%); 17% were diagnosed with a form of colic (medical or surgical), while other diagnoses included primary hyperlipemia, botulism, pneumonia, dystocia, guttural pouch empyema, and lymphoma.
TextSentencer_T759 103837-104071 Sentence denotes Thirty-three percent were treated via voluntary alimentary intake, 28% were administered intravenous dextrose (IVD), 15% were administered enteral nutrition via nasogastric tube (EN-NGT), and 11% were administered both IVD and EN-NGT.
T17252 103837-104071 Sentence denotes Thirty-three percent were treated via voluntary alimentary intake, 28% were administered intravenous dextrose (IVD), 15% were administered enteral nutrition via nasogastric tube (EN-NGT), and 11% were administered both IVD and EN-NGT.
TextSentencer_T760 104072-104208 Sentence denotes Thirteen percent were treated with partial parenteral nutrition, often in combination with nasogastric feeding and intravenous dextrose.
T70362 104072-104208 Sentence denotes Thirteen percent were treated with partial parenteral nutrition, often in combination with nasogastric feeding and intravenous dextrose.
TextSentencer_T761 104209-104252 Sentence denotes Fourteen percent were treated with insulin.
T87849 104209-104252 Sentence denotes Fourteen percent were treated with insulin.
TextSentencer_T762 104253-104302 Sentence denotes Average duration of hospitalization was 5.7 days.
T32958 104253-104302 Sentence denotes Average duration of hospitalization was 5.7 days.
TextSentencer_T763 104303-104435 Sentence denotes Hyperlipemia in hospitalized equids is a common comorbid disorder and does not necessarily require expensive or intensive treatment.
T95947 104303-104435 Sentence denotes Hyperlipemia in hospitalized equids is a common comorbid disorder and does not necessarily require expensive or intensive treatment.
TextSentencer_T764 104436-104527 Sentence denotes Prognosis for survival was fair and not associated with the degree of hypertriglyceridemia.
T44528 104436-104527 Sentence denotes Prognosis for survival was fair and not associated with the degree of hypertriglyceridemia.
TextSentencer_T765 104528-104635 Sentence denotes Our objective was to identify risk factors associated with the within-herd prevalence of BLV-infected cows.
T61158 104528-104635 Sentence denotes Our objective was to identify risk factors associated with the within-herd prevalence of BLV-infected cows.
TextSentencer_T766 104636-104812 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that, as well as previously established risk factors, management practices associated with calf rearing and fly control would affect within-herd BLV prevalence.
T94780 104636-104812 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that, as well as previously established risk factors, management practices associated with calf rearing and fly control would affect within-herd BLV prevalence.
TextSentencer_T767 104813-104954 Sentence denotes A risk assessment and management program questionnaire (RAMP-Q) was developed and distributed to all bovine veterinarians in Atlantic Canada.
T59916 104813-104954 Sentence denotes A risk assessment and management program questionnaire (RAMP-Q) was developed and distributed to all bovine veterinarians in Atlantic Canada.
TextSentencer_T768 104955-105113 Sentence denotes All dairy farms shipping milk and who had bulk tank milk (BTM) samples collected in January and April 2017 (n=605) were eligible to participate in the RAMP-Q.
T7983 104955-105113 Sentence denotes All dairy farms shipping milk and who had bulk tank milk (BTM) samples collected in January and April 2017 (n=605) were eligible to participate in the RAMP-Q.
TextSentencer_T769 105114-105218 Sentence denotes BTM samples were tested with ELISA for levels of anti-BLV antibodies to estimate within-herd prevalence.
T42888 105114-105218 Sentence denotes BTM samples were tested with ELISA for levels of anti-BLV antibodies to estimate within-herd prevalence.
TextSentencer_T770 105219-105338 Sentence denotes RAMP-Q results were combined with demographic information collected from each farm and with the mean BTM ELISA results.
T32592 105219-105338 Sentence denotes RAMP-Q results were combined with demographic information collected from each farm and with the mean BTM ELISA results.
TextSentencer_T771 105339-105488 Sentence denotes Multivariable linear regression was performed to investigate the association between RAMP-Q risk factors and within-herd prevalence of BLV infection.
T22188 105339-105488 Sentence denotes Multivariable linear regression was performed to investigate the association between RAMP-Q risk factors and within-herd prevalence of BLV infection.
TextSentencer_T772 105489-105661 Sentence denotes One hundred RAMP-Qs were returned, with participants from each province in Atlantic Canada (New Brunswick, 22; Newfoundland, 3; Nova Scotia, 49; Prince Edward Island, 26) .
T50022 105489-105661 Sentence denotes One hundred RAMP-Qs were returned, with participants from each province in Atlantic Canada (New Brunswick, 22; Newfoundland, 3; Nova Scotia, 49; Prince Edward Island, 26) .
TextSentencer_T773 105662-105911 Sentence denotes Factors significantly associated with increasing level of within-herd BLV prevalence included history of clinical BLV within the herd (23.7% increase; 95% CI 6.8-39.9%) and history of purchasing BLV-suspect cattle (19.0% increase; 95% CI 3.4-37.0%).
T2718 105662-105911 Sentence denotes Factors significantly associated with increasing level of within-herd BLV prevalence included history of clinical BLV within the herd (23.7% increase; 95% CI 6.8-39.9%) and history of purchasing BLV-suspect cattle (19.0% increase; 95% CI 3.4-37.0%).
TextSentencer_T774 105912-106148 Sentence denotes No significant difference in within-herd prevalence was associated with needle and injection (P-value 0.69), fly control (P-value 0.56), or rectal sleeve practices (P-value 0.48), or the use of bulls for natural breeding (P-value 0.81).
T3630 105912-106148 Sentence denotes No significant difference in within-herd prevalence was associated with needle and injection (P-value 0.69), fly control (P-value 0.56), or rectal sleeve practices (P-value 0.48), or the use of bulls for natural breeding (P-value 0.81).
TextSentencer_T775 106149-106327 Sentence denotes Important factors associated with increasing within-herd BLV prevalence include a history of prior diagnosis of clinical BLV and history of purchasing cows of unknown BLV status.
T29477 106149-106327 Sentence denotes Important factors associated with increasing within-herd BLV prevalence include a history of prior diagnosis of clinical BLV and history of purchasing cows of unknown BLV status.
TextSentencer_T776 106328-106479 Sentence denotes In this study, there was no significant association of any previously established risk factors with increasing within-herd prevalence of BLV infection.
T15064 106328-106479 Sentence denotes In this study, there was no significant association of any previously established risk factors with increasing within-herd prevalence of BLV infection.
TextSentencer_T777 106480-106666 Sentence denotes The purpose of this prospective case-control study was to describe bacterial communities in the nasopharynx (NP) of preweaned dairy calves with and without ultrasonographic lung lesions.
T19204 106480-106666 Sentence denotes The purpose of this prospective case-control study was to describe bacterial communities in the nasopharynx (NP) of preweaned dairy calves with and without ultrasonographic lung lesions.
TextSentencer_T778 106667-106793 Sentence denotes Additional objectives included evaluating the effects of previous antibiotic therapy and age on the NP microbiota composition.
T37007 106667-106793 Sentence denotes Additional objectives included evaluating the effects of previous antibiotic therapy and age on the NP microbiota composition.
TextSentencer_T779 106794-106976 Sentence denotes A total of 257 Holstein heifer calves were enrolled into a separate study investigating the genomics of resistance to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) over a 4-week follow up period.
T76282 106794-106976 Sentence denotes A total of 257 Holstein heifer calves were enrolled into a separate study investigating the genomics of resistance to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) over a 4-week follow up period.
TextSentencer_T780 106977-107073 Sentence denotes Calves were examined twice using thoracic ultrasound and clinical respiratory score (early exam:
T29270 106977-107073 Sentence denotes Calves were examined twice using thoracic ultrasound and clinical respiratory score (early exam:
TextSentencer_T781 107074-107097 Sentence denotes 4 weeks old; late exam:
T39572 107074-107097 Sentence denotes 4 weeks old; late exam:
TextSentencer_T782 107098-107111 Sentence denotes 7 weeks old).
T942 107098-107111 Sentence denotes 7 weeks old).
TextSentencer_T783 107112-107228 Sentence denotes From this population, case and age-matched controls were selected to undergo deep NP swabbing for the current study.
T61242 107112-107228 Sentence denotes From this population, case and age-matched controls were selected to undergo deep NP swabbing for the current study.
TextSentencer_T784 107229-107344 Sentence denotes Cases were defined by the presence of significant ultrasonographic lung lesions (≥ 1 lobe completely consolidated).
T12652 107229-107344 Sentence denotes Cases were defined by the presence of significant ultrasonographic lung lesions (≥ 1 lobe completely consolidated).
TextSentencer_T785 107345-107396 Sentence denotes Controls were defined by the lack of these lesions.
T90285 107345-107396 Sentence denotes Controls were defined by the lack of these lesions.
TextSentencer_T786 107397-107506 Sentence denotes The NP swabs were taken at the time of exam and calf information was collected from farm management software.
T7725 107397-107506 Sentence denotes The NP swabs were taken at the time of exam and calf information was collected from farm management software.
TextSentencer_T787 107507-107575 Sentence denotes Swabs were placed in phosphate buffer solution, and stored at -80 C.
T60866 107507-107575 Sentence denotes Swabs were placed in phosphate buffer solution, and stored at -80 C.
TextSentencer_T788 107576-107661 Sentence denotes Following DNA extraction, the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using PCR.
T13415 107576-107661 Sentence denotes Following DNA extraction, the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using PCR.
TextSentencer_T789 107662-107712 Sentence denotes Libraries were sequenced using the MiSeq platform.
T66807 107662-107712 Sentence denotes Libraries were sequenced using the MiSeq platform.
TextSentencer_T790 107713-107785 Sentence denotes The Diversity data was analyzed using t-tests and general linear models.
T56939 107713-107785 Sentence denotes The Diversity data was analyzed using t-tests and general linear models.
TextSentencer_T791 107786-107892 Sentence denotes Comparisons of relative abundance (RA) of genera between groups were performed using Kruskal Wallis tests.
T16814 107786-107892 Sentence denotes Comparisons of relative abundance (RA) of genera between groups were performed using Kruskal Wallis tests.
TextSentencer_T792 107893-108054 Sentence denotes Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the impact of time point of exam and antibiotic treatment, in the month prior to examination, on RA of genera.
T51423 107893-108054 Sentence denotes Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the impact of time point of exam and antibiotic treatment, in the month prior to examination, on RA of genera.
TextSentencer_T793 108055-108111 Sentence denotes In total, 50 swabs (1:1 case to control) were collected.
T93967 108055-108111 Sentence denotes In total, 50 swabs (1:1 case to control) were collected.
TextSentencer_T794 108112-108246 Sentence denotes Two swabs were lost during transport, therefore, 48 swabs (cases = 23, controls = 25) obtained from 44 calves, were used for analysis.
T7680 108112-108246 Sentence denotes Two swabs were lost during transport, therefore, 48 swabs (cases = 23, controls = 25) obtained from 44 calves, were used for analysis.
TextSentencer_T795 108247-108307 Sentence denotes Thirty-five (73%) swabs were collected during the late exam.
T73697 108247-108307 Sentence denotes Thirty-five (73%) swabs were collected during the late exam.
TextSentencer_T796 108308-108430 Sentence denotes Overall, the most common genera were Acinetobacter sp, Escherichia sp, Mycoplasma sp, Pasteurella sp and Psychrobacter sp.
T36646 108308-108430 Sentence denotes Overall, the most common genera were Acinetobacter sp, Escherichia sp, Mycoplasma sp, Pasteurella sp and Psychrobacter sp.
TextSentencer_T797 108431-108554 Sentence denotes Alpha diversity was not different between cases and controls (P = 0.78), nor between early and late time points (P = 0.37).
T77390 108431-108554 Sentence denotes Alpha diversity was not different between cases and controls (P = 0.78), nor between early and late time points (P = 0.37).
TextSentencer_T798 108555-108687 Sentence denotes The RA of Mycoplasma sp. was higher in controls (P = 0.03) and the RA of Pasteurella sp. tended to be higher in controls (P = 0.08).
T65821 108555-108687 Sentence denotes The RA of Mycoplasma sp. was higher in controls (P = 0.03) and the RA of Pasteurella sp. tended to be higher in controls (P = 0.08).
TextSentencer_T799 108688-108836 Sentence denotes The RA of both Mycoplasma sp. and Pasteurella sp. was not affected by exam time point or antibiotic treatment (P > 0.75 and P > 0.12, respectively).
T10642 108688-108836 Sentence denotes The RA of both Mycoplasma sp. and Pasteurella sp. was not affected by exam time point or antibiotic treatment (P > 0.75 and P > 0.12, respectively).
TextSentencer_T800 108837-109004 Sentence denotes To the authors'; knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the community dynamics of the NP microbiota from calves with and without ultrasonographic lung lesions.
T20288 108837-109004 Sentence denotes To the authors'; knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the community dynamics of the NP microbiota from calves with and without ultrasonographic lung lesions.
TextSentencer_T801 109005-109195 Sentence denotes We did not expect to identify a higher RA of Mycoplasma sp. in the control calves, as previous studies have shown a higher RA of Mycoplasma sp. in calves with BRD compared to healthy calves.
T32302 109005-109195 Sentence denotes We did not expect to identify a higher RA of Mycoplasma sp. in the control calves, as previous studies have shown a higher RA of Mycoplasma sp. in calves with BRD compared to healthy calves.
TextSentencer_T802 109196-109375 Sentence denotes Future studies are needed to better understand this discrepancy, including metagenomics studies to infer speciation and determine pathogenicity of the identified Mycoplasma genus.
T60642 109196-109375 Sentence denotes Future studies are needed to better understand this discrepancy, including metagenomics studies to infer speciation and determine pathogenicity of the identified Mycoplasma genus.
TextSentencer_T803 109376-109488 Sentence denotes It would also be important to know if the duration of ultrasound lesions affected the RA of pathogenic bacteria.
T81691 109376-109488 Sentence denotes It would also be important to know if the duration of ultrasound lesions affected the RA of pathogenic bacteria.
TextSentencer_T804 109489-109606 Sentence denotes This study helps to demonstrate the complexities of identifying NP microbiota changes associated with disease status.
T47187 109489-109606 Sentence denotes This study helps to demonstrate the complexities of identifying NP microbiota changes associated with disease status.
TextSentencer_T805 109607-109714 Sentence denotes This may impact future attempts to utilize NP microbiota characteristics in diagnosis and treatment of BRD.
T97989 109607-109714 Sentence denotes This may impact future attempts to utilize NP microbiota characteristics in diagnosis and treatment of BRD.
TextSentencer_T806 109715-109758 Sentence denotes A diagnostic test evaluation was performed.
T46618 109715-109758 Sentence denotes A diagnostic test evaluation was performed.
TextSentencer_T807 109759-109845 Sentence denotes Fecal samples were collected per rectum from calves less than 6 months of age (n=119).
T97059 109759-109845 Sentence denotes Fecal samples were collected per rectum from calves less than 6 months of age (n=119).
TextSentencer_T808 109846-109921 Sentence denotes The study population was stratified on disease status -healthy or scouring.
T82029 109846-109921 Sentence denotes The study population was stratified on disease status -healthy or scouring.
TextSentencer_T809 109922-110100 Sentence denotes Two-grams of each sample were fixed and tested via a commercially available rapid test marketed for use in human healthcare, and IFA, the recognized gold standard testing method.
T25730 109922-110100 Sentence denotes Two-grams of each sample were fixed and tested via a commercially available rapid test marketed for use in human healthcare, and IFA, the recognized gold standard testing method.
TextSentencer_T810 110101-110195 Sentence denotes Isolates were submitted for genetic typing. toxic changes (10/15), hypoglycemia (11/17; range:
T75904 110101-110195 Sentence denotes Isolates were submitted for genetic typing. toxic changes (10/15), hypoglycemia (11/17; range:
TextSentencer_T811 110196-110242 Sentence denotes 0.3-10.9 mmol/ L), hyperkaliemia (9/18; range:
T37247 110196-110242 Sentence denotes 0.3-10.9 mmol/ L), hyperkaliemia (9/18; range:
TextSentencer_T812 110243-110282 Sentence denotes 3.6-8.3 mmol/L), acidemia (6/13; range:
T64528 110243-110282 Sentence denotes 3.6-8.3 mmol/L), acidemia (6/13; range:
TextSentencer_T813 110283-110321 Sentence denotes 6.8-7.5) and neutropenia (5/15; range:
T19733 110283-110321 Sentence denotes 6.8-7.5) and neutropenia (5/15; range:
TextSentencer_T814 110322-110346 Sentence denotes 1.6-22.7 cellsx10 9 /L).
T65765 110322-110346 Sentence denotes 1.6-22.7 cellsx10 9 /L).
TextSentencer_T815 110347-110545 Sentence denotes Based on univariate statistical analysis, fatal outcome was significantly (p < 0.05) related to dehydration, recumbency, hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, hypoproteinemia, leucopenia and neutropenia.
T51402 110347-110545 Sentence denotes Based on univariate statistical analysis, fatal outcome was significantly (p < 0.05) related to dehydration, recumbency, hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, hypoproteinemia, leucopenia and neutropenia.
TextSentencer_T816 110546-110576 Sentence denotes Fatality rate was 60% (12/20).
T8608 110546-110576 Sentence denotes Fatality rate was 60% (12/20).
TextSentencer_T817 110577-110650 Sentence denotes Necropsy was performed on 11 calves and confirmed the clinical diagnosis.
T94655 110577-110650 Sentence denotes Necropsy was performed on 11 calves and confirmed the clinical diagnosis.
TextSentencer_T818 110651-110696 Sentence denotes Abomasitis has a guarded prognosis in calves.
T74715 110651-110696 Sentence denotes Abomasitis has a guarded prognosis in calves.
TextSentencer_T819 110697-110786 Sentence denotes Clinical and clinicopathologic findings were shown to be associated with a fatal outcome.
T26924 110697-110786 Sentence denotes Clinical and clinicopathologic findings were shown to be associated with a fatal outcome.
TextSentencer_T820 110787-110875 Sentence denotes Diego Gomez-Nieto 1 , Laura Avellaneda-Franco 2 , Alejandro Reyes 2 , Luis Arroyo 3 , J.
T55405 110787-110875 Sentence denotes Diego Gomez-Nieto 1 , Laura Avellaneda-Franco 2 , Alejandro Reyes 2 , Luis Arroyo 3 , J.
TextSentencer_T821 110876-111191 Sentence denotes Scott Weese 4 1 University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia., Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia, 3 Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada, 4 Dept of Pathobiology Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
T24003 110876-111191 Sentence denotes Scott Weese 4 1 University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia., Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia, 3 Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada, 4 Dept of Pathobiology Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
TextSentencer_T822 111192-111361 Sentence denotes The concept of the existence of a "gut virome" is very recent although the presence of viruses as pathogens in calf intestine has been documented for more than 40 years.
T30570 111192-111361 Sentence denotes The concept of the existence of a "gut virome" is very recent although the presence of viruses as pathogens in calf intestine has been documented for more than 40 years.
TextSentencer_T823 111362-111526 Sentence denotes In contrast to the bacterial microbiota, little is known regarding the development, establishment and factors that modify the gut virome during the neonatal period.
T52730 111362-111526 Sentence denotes In contrast to the bacterial microbiota, little is known regarding the development, establishment and factors that modify the gut virome during the neonatal period.
TextSentencer_T824 111527-111639 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to characterize the fecal virome of healthy and diarrheic neonatal dairy calves.
T35392 111527-111639 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to characterize the fecal virome of healthy and diarrheic neonatal dairy calves.
TextSentencer_T825 111640-111752 Sentence denotes Twenty diarrheic calves (DC) (ages of 1 to 30 days) and 20 agematched healthy control calves (HC) were enrolled.
T32931 111640-111752 Sentence denotes Twenty diarrheic calves (DC) (ages of 1 to 30 days) and 20 agematched healthy control calves (HC) were enrolled.
TextSentencer_T826 111753-111815 Sentence denotes Viral nucleic extraction was performed using a commercial Kit.
T43007 111753-111815 Sentence denotes Viral nucleic extraction was performed using a commercial Kit.
TextSentencer_T827 111816-111915 Sentence denotes Synthesis of viral cDNA was completed using a primer containing a fixed 18bp plus a random nonamer.
T93106 111816-111915 Sentence denotes Synthesis of viral cDNA was completed using a primer containing a fixed 18bp plus a random nonamer.
TextSentencer_T828 111916-112009 Sentence denotes Twenty samples from HC were mixed in equimolar quantities in 4 sets as well as 20 DC samples.
T51725 111916-112009 Sentence denotes Twenty samples from HC were mixed in equimolar quantities in 4 sets as well as 20 DC samples.
TextSentencer_T829 112010-112082 Sentence denotes The 8 total pooled samples were sequenced using MiSeq-lllumina-Platform.
T7908 112010-112082 Sentence denotes The 8 total pooled samples were sequenced using MiSeq-lllumina-Platform.
TextSentencer_T830 112083-112131 Sentence denotes Raw sequences quality was assessed using FastQC.
T72869 112083-112131 Sentence denotes Raw sequences quality was assessed using FastQC.
TextSentencer_T831 112132-112186 Sentence denotes Then, low-quality reads were removed with Trimmomatic.
T47908 112132-112186 Sentence denotes Then, low-quality reads were removed with Trimmomatic.
TextSentencer_T832 112187-112252 Sentence denotes CD-HIT-EST was used to cluster reads with >90% sequence identity.
T1244 112187-112252 Sentence denotes CD-HIT-EST was used to cluster reads with >90% sequence identity.
TextSentencer_T833 112253-112361 Sentence denotes The five more representative sequences of each cluster were used to perform a de novo assembly using SPADES.
T98847 112253-112361 Sentence denotes The five more representative sequences of each cluster were used to perform a de novo assembly using SPADES.
TextSentencer_T834 112362-112437 Sentence denotes LefSe was used to obtain molecular markers, which can be used in diagnosis.
T5373 112362-112437 Sentence denotes LefSe was used to obtain molecular markers, which can be used in diagnosis.
TextSentencer_T835 112438-112530 Sentence denotes Caudovirales viruses, mainly viruses belonged to Myoviridae family, were found in all pools.
T62831 112438-112530 Sentence denotes Caudovirales viruses, mainly viruses belonged to Myoviridae family, were found in all pools.
TextSentencer_T836 112531-112679 Sentence denotes A total of 223 contigs that could be associated with neonatal calf diarrhea were identified but these had no available annotation with any database.
T773 112531-112679 Sentence denotes A total of 223 contigs that could be associated with neonatal calf diarrhea were identified but these had no available annotation with any database.
TextSentencer_T837 112680-112774 Sentence denotes Sequences belonging the Retroviridae family were found predominantly associated to all the DC.
T35204 112680-112774 Sentence denotes Sequences belonging the Retroviridae family were found predominantly associated to all the DC.
TextSentencer_T838 112775-112850 Sentence denotes Escherichia phage was found in 3 of the 4 pools that composed the DC group.
T29937 112775-112850 Sentence denotes Escherichia phage was found in 3 of the 4 pools that composed the DC group.
TextSentencer_T839 112851-113093 Sentence denotes HC shared Enterobacteria phage phiX174 sensu lato, and the DC shared Blood was collected from 30 Alpine goat kids at 0-12 hours of age prior to receiving any colostrum, at 24-48 hours of age after receiving colostrum, and at 7-14 days of age.
T53056 112851-113093 Sentence denotes HC shared Enterobacteria phage phiX174 sensu lato, and the DC shared Blood was collected from 30 Alpine goat kids at 0-12 hours of age prior to receiving any colostrum, at 24-48 hours of age after receiving colostrum, and at 7-14 days of age.
TextSentencer_T840 113094-113264 Sentence denotes Serum was harvested and the protein measured using a digital Brix refractometer, an optical refractometer, and the Beckman colorimetric method at a commercial laboratory.
T93091 113094-113264 Sentence denotes Serum was harvested and the protein measured using a digital Brix refractometer, an optical refractometer, and the Beckman colorimetric method at a commercial laboratory.
TextSentencer_T841 113265-113358 Sentence denotes Linear regression and correlation coefficient analysis was performed for all two-way results:
T85259 113265-113358 Sentence denotes Linear regression and correlation coefficient analysis was performed for all two-way results:
TextSentencer_T842 113359-113445 Sentence denotes Brix x optical, Brix x laboratory colorimetric, and optical x laboratory colorimetric.
T23004 113359-113445 Sentence denotes Brix x optical, Brix x laboratory colorimetric, and optical x laboratory colorimetric.
TextSentencer_T843 113446-113826 Sentence denotes There was significant relationship between the three serum protein analysis methods with a high degree of positive correlation between the digital Brix and optical refractometer (P < 0.0001; r = 0.87), and a moderate positive correlation between the laboratory colorimetric measurements and the digital Brix (P < 0.0001; r = 0.50) and optical refractometer (P < 0.0001; r = 0.62).
T30664 113446-113826 Sentence denotes There was significant relationship between the three serum protein analysis methods with a high degree of positive correlation between the digital Brix and optical refractometer (P < 0.0001; r = 0.87), and a moderate positive correlation between the laboratory colorimetric measurements and the digital Brix (P < 0.0001; r = 0.50) and optical refractometer (P < 0.0001; r = 0.62).
TextSentencer_T844 113827-114031 Sentence denotes Regression analysis showed a digital Brix percentage of 8.4% could be used to predict a serum pro- Survival rate of downer cows treated on farm or in a hospital setting is estimated between 11.3% and 50%.
T19754 113827-114031 Sentence denotes Regression analysis showed a digital Brix percentage of 8.4% could be used to predict a serum pro- Survival rate of downer cows treated on farm or in a hospital setting is estimated between 11.3% and 50%.
TextSentencer_T845 114032-114150 Sentence denotes Identifying prognostic indicators could be useful in reducing unnecessary treatments on animals with a poor prognosis.
T45876 114032-114150 Sentence denotes Identifying prognostic indicators could be useful in reducing unnecessary treatments on animals with a poor prognosis.
TextSentencer_T846 114151-114271 Sentence denotes The primary objective of this study was to predict prognosis associated with downer cows treated at a referral hospital.
T94053 114151-114271 Sentence denotes The primary objective of this study was to predict prognosis associated with downer cows treated at a referral hospital.
TextSentencer_T847 114272-114357 Sentence denotes A secondary objective was to identify prognostic factors associated with the outcome.
T11796 114272-114357 Sentence denotes A secondary objective was to identify prognostic factors associated with the outcome.
TextSentencer_T848 114358-114497 Sentence denotes This retrospective study included all recumbent dairy cattle older than 15 months that were presented between 1994 and 2016 (n=1472 cases).
T38978 114358-114497 Sentence denotes This retrospective study included all recumbent dairy cattle older than 15 months that were presented between 1994 and 2016 (n=1472 cases).
TextSentencer_T849 114498-114722 Sentence denotes Information regarding history (age, lactation status, duration of recumbency), hospitalization (outcome, duration, number of days of flotation therapy, diagnosis) and blood analysis results (CBC, biochemistry) were obtained.
T8644 114498-114722 Sentence denotes Information regarding history (age, lactation status, duration of recumbency), hospitalization (outcome, duration, number of days of flotation therapy, diagnosis) and blood analysis results (CBC, biochemistry) were obtained.
TextSentencer_T850 114723-114862 Sentence denotes A multivariable logistic regression model was built to explore the association between hematology and biochemistry parameters and survival.
T39492 114723-114862 Sentence denotes A multivariable logistic regression model was built to explore the association between hematology and biochemistry parameters and survival.
TextSentencer_T851 114863-114895 Sentence denotes Overall survival rate was 50.1%.
T71260 114863-114895 Sentence denotes Overall survival rate was 50.1%.
TextSentencer_T852 114896-114990 Sentence denotes Cows that survived were significantly younger and were recumbent for a shorter period of time.
T15640 114896-114990 Sentence denotes Cows that survived were significantly younger and were recumbent for a shorter period of time.
TextSentencer_T853 114991-115096 Sentence denotes They had lower fibrinogen values and higher neutrophils counts at arrival than cows that did not survive.
T78316 114991-115096 Sentence denotes They had lower fibrinogen values and higher neutrophils counts at arrival than cows that did not survive.
TextSentencer_T854 115097-115270 Sentence denotes Finally, cows that survived had significantly lower values of AST, CK, BUN, creatinine, and phosphorus and higher total CO 2 value at arrival than cows that did not survive.
T19839 115097-115270 Sentence denotes Finally, cows that survived had significantly lower values of AST, CK, BUN, creatinine, and phosphorus and higher total CO 2 value at arrival than cows that did not survive.
TextSentencer_T855 115271-115383 Sentence denotes An increase in fibrinogen, AST, and creatinine values were significantly associated with lower odds of survival.
T3387 115271-115383 Sentence denotes An increase in fibrinogen, AST, and creatinine values were significantly associated with lower odds of survival.
TextSentencer_T856 115384-115509 Sentence denotes We concluded that the overall survival rate of downer cows treated in-hospital with flotation therapy is approximatively 50%.
T20499 115384-115509 Sentence denotes We concluded that the overall survival rate of downer cows treated in-hospital with flotation therapy is approximatively 50%.
TextSentencer_T857 115510-115634 Sentence denotes Further, some historical elements, CBC and biochemistry values can be used to select cases with a better chance of survival.
T23428 115510-115634 Sentence denotes Further, some historical elements, CBC and biochemistry values can be used to select cases with a better chance of survival.
TextSentencer_T858 115635-115695 Sentence denotes Evelyn MacKay Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
T17422 115635-115695 Sentence denotes Evelyn MacKay Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
TextSentencer_T859 115696-115868 Sentence denotes Macrolides are important antimicrobials that may be useful agents for the control of infectious ovine abortion, which has economic, animal health, and human health impacts.
T89146 115696-115868 Sentence denotes Macrolides are important antimicrobials that may be useful agents for the control of infectious ovine abortion, which has economic, animal health, and human health impacts.
TextSentencer_T860 115869-116040 Sentence denotes Pregnant ewes were given a single dose of 2.5mg/kg tulathromycin subcutaneously and drug concentrations were measured in fetal plasma, maternal plasma, and amniotic fluid.
T80995 115869-116040 Sentence denotes Pregnant ewes were given a single dose of 2.5mg/kg tulathromycin subcutaneously and drug concentrations were measured in fetal plasma, maternal plasma, and amniotic fluid.
TextSentencer_T861 116041-116229 Sentence denotes Catheters were surgically placed in the fetal vasculature and the amnion at 115 (+ / -2 ) days gestation for sampling at 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 144 , and 288 hours after administration.
T87042 116041-116229 Sentence denotes Catheters were surgically placed in the fetal vasculature and the amnion at 115 (+ / -2 ) days gestation for sampling at 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 144 , and 288 hours after administration.
TextSentencer_T862 116230-116342 Sentence denotes Maternal plasma samples were collected at time points of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 144 , and 288 hours.
T49021 116230-116342 Sentence denotes Maternal plasma samples were collected at time points of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 144 , and 288 hours.
TextSentencer_T863 116343-116465 Sentence denotes Serum concentrations and pharmacokinetic values in the ewe were similar to those previously reported in non-pregnant ewes.
T97499 116343-116465 Sentence denotes Serum concentrations and pharmacokinetic values in the ewe were similar to those previously reported in non-pregnant ewes.
TextSentencer_T864 116466-116679 Sentence denotes Tulathromycin was present in fetal plasma and amniotic fluid, indicating therapeutic potential for use against organisms in these compartments, though concentrations were lower than those found in maternal plasma.
T50235 116466-116679 Sentence denotes Tulathromycin was present in fetal plasma and amniotic fluid, indicating therapeutic potential for use against organisms in these compartments, though concentrations were lower than those found in maternal plasma.
TextSentencer_T865 116680-117100 Sentence denotes Notably, the pharmacokinetics in the fetus were quite different than those found in the ewe, with plasma concentrations reaching a plateau at 4 hours and remaining at this concentration for the remainder of the sampling period (288 hours), raising questions about how this drug is handled and metabolized in the fetus. pre-weaned dairy calves, suggesting potential as a preventative strategy against respiratory disease.
T50764 116680-117100 Sentence denotes Notably, the pharmacokinetics in the fetus were quite different than those found in the ewe, with plasma concentrations reaching a plateau at 4 hours and remaining at this concentration for the remainder of the sampling period (288 hours), raising questions about how this drug is handled and metabolized in the fetus. pre-weaned dairy calves, suggesting potential as a preventative strategy against respiratory disease.
TextSentencer_T866 117101-117257 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of orally administered NaI on BRD treatment frequency and weaning weights of pre-weaned dairy calves.
T69417 117101-117257 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of orally administered NaI on BRD treatment frequency and weaning weights of pre-weaned dairy calves.
TextSentencer_T867 117258-117404 Sentence denotes 427 female pre-weaned dairy calves, aged 18 (±2) days and housed in individual hutches on a ranch in central California, were used for this study.
T41053 117258-117404 Sentence denotes 427 female pre-weaned dairy calves, aged 18 (±2) days and housed in individual hutches on a ranch in central California, were used for this study.
TextSentencer_T868 117405-117518 Sentence denotes The calves were divided into treatment (20mg/kg NaI orally on day 0 and day 4) and control groups (no treatment).
T32307 117405-117518 Sentence denotes The calves were divided into treatment (20mg/kg NaI orally on day 0 and day 4) and control groups (no treatment).
TextSentencer_T869 117519-117672 Sentence denotes A subset of calves of both groups (70 treatment calves and 70 control calves) were given respiratory and ultrasound scores on day 0 (baseline) and day 7.
T58058 117519-117672 Sentence denotes A subset of calves of both groups (70 treatment calves and 70 control calves) were given respiratory and ultrasound scores on day 0 (baseline) and day 7.
TextSentencer_T870 117673-117773 Sentence denotes Medical treatments were recorded for the entire study period and all calves were weighed at weaning.
T20119 117673-117773 Sentence denotes Medical treatments were recorded for the entire study period and all calves were weighed at weaning.
TextSentencer_T871 117774-117989 Sentence denotes Ultrasound scores, change in ultrasound scores from baseline and respiratory scores of treatment calves on day 7 were significantly higher (P=0.001, P=0.0127 and P=0.0243, respectively) than those of control calves.
T88922 117774-117989 Sentence denotes Ultrasound scores, change in ultrasound scores from baseline and respiratory scores of treatment calves on day 7 were significantly higher (P=0.001, P=0.0127 and P=0.0243, respectively) than those of control calves.
TextSentencer_T872 117990-118162 Sentence denotes In addition to having higher respiratory and ultrasound scores, treatment calves had higher odds of being treated for respiratory disease (OR 2.04, P=0.0003) than controls.
T14782 117990-118162 Sentence denotes In addition to having higher respiratory and ultrasound scores, treatment calves had higher odds of being treated for respiratory disease (OR 2.04, P=0.0003) than controls.
TextSentencer_T873 118163-118312 Sentence denotes Despite these apparent increases in respiratory disease in the treatment group, average daily gain and weaning weights did not differ between groups.
T88 118163-118312 Sentence denotes Despite these apparent increases in respiratory disease in the treatment group, average daily gain and weaning weights did not differ between groups.
TextSentencer_T874 118313-118474 Sentence denotes The findings of this study do not support the use of oral NaI as a preventative strategy against respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves. can be curative.
T94689 118313-118474 Sentence denotes The findings of this study do not support the use of oral NaI as a preventative strategy against respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves. can be curative.
TextSentencer_T875 118475-118655 Sentence denotes Non-resectable lesions are very difficult to manage and treatment modalities for such cases (radiation therapy and photodynamic therapy) are limited to tertiary referral hospitals.
T67525 118475-118655 Sentence denotes Non-resectable lesions are very difficult to manage and treatment modalities for such cases (radiation therapy and photodynamic therapy) are limited to tertiary referral hospitals.
TextSentencer_T876 118656-118806 Sentence denotes Recently, an immunomodulating drug has been approved for mixed mammary carcinoma in dogs and cats and sarcoids for horses via intralesional injection.
T98399 118656-118806 Sentence denotes Recently, an immunomodulating drug has been approved for mixed mammary carcinoma in dogs and cats and sarcoids for horses via intralesional injection.
TextSentencer_T877 118807-118901 Sentence denotes The product (Immunocidin©) is a mycobacterial cell wall extract with immunomodulating effects.
T79349 118807-118901 Sentence denotes The product (Immunocidin©) is a mycobacterial cell wall extract with immunomodulating effects.
TextSentencer_T878 118902-119002 Sentence denotes It works as a non-specific immunotherapy activating natural killer cells, monocytes and macrophages.
T13193 118902-119002 Sentence denotes It works as a non-specific immunotherapy activating natural killer cells, monocytes and macrophages.
TextSentencer_T879 119003-119096 Sentence denotes This report describes the use of Immunocidin© in two mature bovines with non-resectable OSCC.
T90228 119003-119096 Sentence denotes This report describes the use of Immunocidin© in two mature bovines with non-resectable OSCC.
TextSentencer_T880 119097-119204 Sentence denotes These animals were considered companion animals and the clients agreed they would not enter the food chain.
T33132 119097-119204 Sentence denotes These animals were considered companion animals and the clients agreed they would not enter the food chain.
TextSentencer_T881 119205-119329 Sentence denotes A 3-year-old bucking bull was examined for a rapidly growing mass of the lower lid and medial canthus of two-weeks duration.
T65786 119205-119329 Sentence denotes A 3-year-old bucking bull was examined for a rapidly growing mass of the lower lid and medial canthus of two-weeks duration.
TextSentencer_T882 119330-119391 Sentence denotes An extirpation was performed under local blocks and sedation.
T54178 119330-119391 Sentence denotes An extirpation was performed under local blocks and sedation.
TextSentencer_T883 119392-119484 Sentence denotes Reoccurrence was noted at suture removal and the mass was debulked with cryotherapy applied.
T31828 119392-119484 Sentence denotes Reoccurrence was noted at suture removal and the mass was debulked with cryotherapy applied.
TextSentencer_T884 119485-119535 Sentence denotes Aggressive reoccurrence occurred within two weeks.
T86175 119485-119535 Sentence denotes Aggressive reoccurrence occurred within two weeks.
TextSentencer_T885 119536-119639 Sentence denotes A total of four intralesional injections of Immunocidin© were administered at about two week intervals.
T89278 119536-119639 Sentence denotes A total of four intralesional injections of Immunocidin© were administered at about two week intervals.
TextSentencer_T886 119640-119699 Sentence denotes After 9 months of therapy, the bull has regression of OSCC.
T68766 119640-119699 Sentence denotes After 9 months of therapy, the bull has regression of OSCC.
TextSentencer_T887 119700-119803 Sentence denotes The bull continues to do well with no reoccurrence at this time, 13 months after the first appointment.
T19002 119700-119803 Sentence denotes The bull continues to do well with no reoccurrence at this time, 13 months after the first appointment.
TextSentencer_T888 119804-119915 Sentence denotes A 12-year-old Longhorn cow was examined for an extensive ocular and periocular mass of several months duration.
T54303 119804-119915 Sentence denotes A 12-year-old Longhorn cow was examined for an extensive ocular and periocular mass of several months duration.
TextSentencer_T889 119916-120102 Sentence denotes An extirpation and regional debulking was performed under general anesthesia; intralesional injection of Immunocidin© was performed at initial surgery and twice more at 3 week intervals.
T68938 119916-120102 Sentence denotes An extirpation and regional debulking was performed under general anesthesia; intralesional injection of Immunocidin© was performed at initial surgery and twice more at 3 week intervals.
TextSentencer_T890 120103-120308 Sentence denotes Initial results were promising, however the owner reported that the Longhorn';s health regressed; she was having difficulty chewing, hearing, developed a head tilt and could not see from her remaining eye.
T1448 120103-120308 Sentence denotes Initial results were promising, however the owner reported that the Longhorn';s health regressed; she was having difficulty chewing, hearing, developed a head tilt and could not see from her remaining eye.
TextSentencer_T891 120309-120361 Sentence denotes There was no external growth from the surgical site.
T30719 120309-120361 Sentence denotes There was no external growth from the surgical site.
TextSentencer_T892 120362-120444 Sentence denotes She was found dead in pasture one morning, three months after the initial surgery.
T25962 120362-120444 Sentence denotes She was found dead in pasture one morning, three months after the initial surgery.
TextSentencer_T893 120445-120593 Sentence denotes This is a limited case series with the hopes of utilizing Immunocidin© in more OSCC cases to further our understanding of treatment with this agent.
T36998 120445-120593 Sentence denotes This is a limited case series with the hopes of utilizing Immunocidin© in more OSCC cases to further our understanding of treatment with this agent.
TextSentencer_T894 120594-120909 Sentence denotes This may be an appropriate alternative treatment for economically or emotionally valuable animals that will not be consumed. tests following uterus lavage.We hypothesised that influx of functional PMNLs in uterus can be achieved by different MCWF concentrations in dose-dependent manner following IU administration.
T88760 120594-120909 Sentence denotes This may be an appropriate alternative treatment for economically or emotionally valuable animals that will not be consumed. tests following uterus lavage.We hypothesised that influx of functional PMNLs in uterus can be achieved by different MCWF concentrations in dose-dependent manner following IU administration.
TextSentencer_T895 120910-121180 Sentence denotes It is anticipated that increased presence of active PMNLs would have beneficial effect on the reproductive performance in dairy cows by reducing the incidence of clinical and subclinical endometritis at the end of histological puerpuerium thus improving conception rate.
T93384 120910-121180 Sentence denotes It is anticipated that increased presence of active PMNLs would have beneficial effect on the reproductive performance in dairy cows by reducing the incidence of clinical and subclinical endometritis at the end of histological puerpuerium thus improving conception rate.
TextSentencer_T896 121181-121263 Sentence denotes Study was conducted on commercial dairy operation with 1200 milking Holstein cows.
T81357 121181-121263 Sentence denotes Study was conducted on commercial dairy operation with 1200 milking Holstein cows.
TextSentencer_T897 121264-121382 Sentence denotes Experimental study protocol was reviewed and approved by institutional Animal Care Committee prior to the study start.
T28710 121264-121382 Sentence denotes Experimental study protocol was reviewed and approved by institutional Animal Care Committee prior to the study start.
TextSentencer_T898 121383-121473 Sentence denotes Forty lactating cows in average 45.8 days postpartum were selected for the study purposes.
T55750 121383-121473 Sentence denotes Forty lactating cows in average 45.8 days postpartum were selected for the study purposes.
TextSentencer_T899 121474-121644 Sentence denotes Inclusion criteria included history of easy calving, no retained placenta, absence of signs of clinical endometritis and average body condition score of 3 (1 to 5 scale).
T76043 121474-121644 Sentence denotes Inclusion criteria included history of easy calving, no retained placenta, absence of signs of clinical endometritis and average body condition score of 3 (1 to 5 scale).
TextSentencer_T900 121645-121743 Sentence denotes Prior to MCWF treatment, baseline status of uterine lining was determined by cytology examination.
T75842 121645-121743 Sentence denotes Prior to MCWF treatment, baseline status of uterine lining was determined by cytology examination.
TextSentencer_T901 121744-121843 Sentence denotes Stained slides were evaluated under microscope to determine the percentage of PMNL's per 300 cells.
T65759 121744-121843 Sentence denotes Stained slides were evaluated under microscope to determine the percentage of PMNL's per 300 cells.
TextSentencer_T902 121844-121954 Sentence denotes Following cytology assessment, cows were randomly assigned in four experimental groups with 10 cows per group.
T50565 121844-121954 Sentence denotes Following cytology assessment, cows were randomly assigned in four experimental groups with 10 cows per group.
TextSentencer_T903 121955-122213 Sentence denotes On day 0, cows in control group were treated IU with 0.33g of oysterglycogen (proven PMNL attractant), dissolved in 60 ml 0.9%NaCl while animals in MCWF groups received IU dose of either 2.5ml, 5ml or 10ml MCWF diluted in 0.9% NaCl to a total volume of 60ml.
T90584 121955-122213 Sentence denotes On day 0, cows in control group were treated IU with 0.33g of oysterglycogen (proven PMNL attractant), dissolved in 60 ml 0.9%NaCl while animals in MCWF groups received IU dose of either 2.5ml, 5ml or 10ml MCWF diluted in 0.9% NaCl to a total volume of 60ml.
TextSentencer_T904 122214-122364 Sentence denotes Twenty-four hours later, uterine cytology sample from same spot (corpus uteri) was taken and subjected to new cytomorphology analysis and PMNL counts.
T98084 122214-122364 Sentence denotes Twenty-four hours later, uterine cytology sample from same spot (corpus uteri) was taken and subjected to new cytomorphology analysis and PMNL counts.
TextSentencer_T905 122365-122458 Sentence denotes In addition, uterine lavage samples were obtained immediately after second cytology sampling.
T75215 122365-122458 Sentence denotes In addition, uterine lavage samples were obtained immediately after second cytology sampling.
TextSentencer_T906 122459-122591 Sentence denotes PMNL activity was analyzed by Flow-Auto- None of the cows had elevated PMNL counts prior to the treatment as determined by cytology.
T25966 122459-122591 Sentence denotes PMNL activity was analyzed by Flow-Auto- None of the cows had elevated PMNL counts prior to the treatment as determined by cytology.
TextSentencer_T907 122592-122803 Sentence denotes At 24h post treatment PMNL counts in all groups were elevated, however, and statistically significant differences were noted only in groups receiving 5 and 10 ml of MCWF (p < 0.0012 and p < 0.0048 respectively).
T61987 122592-122803 Sentence denotes At 24h post treatment PMNL counts in all groups were elevated, however, and statistically significant differences were noted only in groups receiving 5 and 10 ml of MCWF (p < 0.0012 and p < 0.0048 respectively).
TextSentencer_T908 122804-123026 Sentence denotes Even though there were no statistically significant differences observed in control and 2.5ml MCWF groups there was a trend in PMN increase with 54% and 14% increase respectively (p < 0.052 and p < 0.16) compared to day 0.
T47718 122804-123026 Sentence denotes Even though there were no statistically significant differences observed in control and 2.5ml MCWF groups there was a trend in PMN increase with 54% and 14% increase respectively (p < 0.052 and p < 0.16) compared to day 0.
TextSentencer_T909 123027-123191 Sentence denotes FACS analysis on ROS activity revealed similar ROS % for all experimental groups (39.7, 37.6, 40.6 and 38.9% for control, 2.5,5 and 10ml MCWF groups, respectively).
T89721 123027-123191 Sentence denotes FACS analysis on ROS activity revealed similar ROS % for all experimental groups (39.7, 37.6, 40.6 and 38.9% for control, 2.5,5 and 10ml MCWF groups, respectively).
TextSentencer_T910 123192-123379 Sentence denotes Calculated OBI demonstrated that cows receiving 5 and 10ml of MCWF had the highest reaction (OBI=779.7 and 812.02 respectively) compared to control (OBI=578.8) and 2.5ml MCWF (OBI=221.9).
T12955 123192-123379 Sentence denotes Calculated OBI demonstrated that cows receiving 5 and 10ml of MCWF had the highest reaction (OBI=779.7 and 812.02 respectively) compared to control (OBI=578.8) and 2.5ml MCWF (OBI=221.9).
TextSentencer_T911 123380-123631 Sentence denotes Data on reproductive performance showed that 9/10 cows in 2.5 and 5ml MCWF groups and 7/10 cows in 10ml A hypothetical population of cows was generated using a Monte Carlo simulation, and the milk discard time determined from the simulated population.
T76960 123380-123631 Sentence denotes Data on reproductive performance showed that 9/10 cows in 2.5 and 5ml MCWF groups and 7/10 cows in 10ml A hypothetical population of cows was generated using a Monte Carlo simulation, and the milk discard time determined from the simulated population.
TextSentencer_T912 123632-123827 Sentence denotes The result of this method was compared to the safe-concentration-by-linear-regression, safe-concentration-per-milking, and timeuntil-safe-concentration methods recommended by regulatory agencies.
T5897 123632-123827 Sentence denotes The result of this method was compared to the safe-concentration-by-linear-regression, safe-concentration-per-milking, and timeuntil-safe-concentration methods recommended by regulatory agencies.
TextSentencer_T913 123828-123985 Sentence denotes Comparable milk discard times were generated from all methods, which suggested a longer milk discard time is necessary for this cohort of cows with mastitis.
T61590 123828-123985 Sentence denotes Comparable milk discard times were generated from all methods, which suggested a longer milk discard time is necessary for this cohort of cows with mastitis.
TextSentencer_T914 123986-124107 Sentence denotes The prediction of the population method was sensitive to the range of milk production volume selected for the simulation.
T674 123986-124107 Sentence denotes The prediction of the population method was sensitive to the range of milk production volume selected for the simulation.
TextSentencer_T915 124108-124207 Sentence denotes This novel method utilized all available data, including data below the assay quantification limit.
T79386 124108-124207 Sentence denotes This novel method utilized all available data, including data below the assay quantification limit.
TextSentencer_T916 124208-124326 Sentence denotes The study demonstrated the viability of a population physiologically-based model for estimation of milk discard times.
T34940 124208-124326 Sentence denotes The study demonstrated the viability of a population physiologically-based model for estimation of milk discard times.
TextSentencer_T917 124327-124556 Sentence denotes Augmenting innate mucosal defense mechanisms with iodine is effective at killing bovine bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens in vitro and could be a valuable preventative strategy against respiratory disease in dairy calves.
T42234 124327-124556 Sentence denotes Augmenting innate mucosal defense mechanisms with iodine is effective at killing bovine bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens in vitro and could be a valuable preventative strategy against respiratory disease in dairy calves.
TextSentencer_T918 124557-124804 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to determine the kinetics of iodine in nasal secretions following oral administration of 20mg/kg inorganic iodine (NaI), in order to assess the feasibility of using NaI to prevent bovine respiratory disease in vivo.
T32915 124557-124804 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to determine the kinetics of iodine in nasal secretions following oral administration of 20mg/kg inorganic iodine (NaI), in order to assess the feasibility of using NaI to prevent bovine respiratory disease in vivo.
TextSentencer_T919 124805-124927 Sentence denotes 7 female pre-weaned Holstein calves aged 3-5 weeks and housed in Davis, CA, were used for this prospective clinical study.
T25268 124805-124927 Sentence denotes 7 female pre-weaned Holstein calves aged 3-5 weeks and housed in Davis, CA, were used for this prospective clinical study.
TextSentencer_T920 124928-125069 Sentence denotes Calves consumed 20mg/kg of NaI, which was added to their milk once, after baseline samples (blood and nasal secretions) were collected (T=0).
T77242 124928-125069 Sentence denotes Calves consumed 20mg/kg of NaI, which was added to their milk once, after baseline samples (blood and nasal secretions) were collected (T=0).
TextSentencer_T921 125070-125161 Sentence denotes Consecutive samples were then obtained at 1, 3, 6, 12, 48 and 72 hours post-administration.
T98035 125070-125161 Sentence denotes Consecutive samples were then obtained at 1, 3, 6, 12, 48 and 72 hours post-administration.
TextSentencer_T922 125162-125264 Sentence denotes Samples were submitted to a diagnostic lab for analysis of iodine concentration via mass spectrometry.
T36677 125162-125264 Sentence denotes Samples were submitted to a diagnostic lab for analysis of iodine concentration via mass spectrometry.
TextSentencer_T923 125265-125419 Sentence denotes Iodine concentrations were significantly elevated over baseline levels in nasal secretions (P = 0.0017) and serum (P < 0.0001) at all time points sampled.
T91951 125265-125419 Sentence denotes Iodine concentrations were significantly elevated over baseline levels in nasal secretions (P = 0.0017) and serum (P < 0.0001) at all time points sampled.
TextSentencer_T924 125420-125587 Sentence denotes Both serum and nasal fluid iodine concentrations peaked at 6 hours, with a serum mean concentration of 17,188ng/ml and a nasal fluid mean concentration of 56,383ng/ml.
T44210 125420-125587 Sentence denotes Both serum and nasal fluid iodine concentrations peaked at 6 hours, with a serum mean concentration of 17,188ng/ml and a nasal fluid mean concentration of 56,383ng/ml.
TextSentencer_T925 125588-125641 Sentence denotes No adverse effects were noticed in any of the calves.
T47456 125588-125641 Sentence denotes No adverse effects were noticed in any of the calves.
TextSentencer_T926 125642-125867 Sentence denotes This study shows that oral administration of NaI increases iodine concentrations in airway fluids of pre-weaned dairy calves, to above effective concentrations in vitro, and could augment upper respiratory defense mechanisms.
T76369 125642-125867 Sentence denotes This study shows that oral administration of NaI increases iodine concentrations in airway fluids of pre-weaned dairy calves, to above effective concentrations in vitro, and could augment upper respiratory defense mechanisms.
TextSentencer_T927 125868-126007 Sentence denotes Further studies are needed to determine if sodium iodide is effective as a preventive strategy against respiratory disease in dairy calves.
T8004 125868-126007 Sentence denotes Further studies are needed to determine if sodium iodide is effective as a preventive strategy against respiratory disease in dairy calves.
TextSentencer_T928 126008-126489 Sentence denotes The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the signalment, history, clinicopathological, endoscopic, ultrasonographic, radiographic and post-mortem findings as well as treatments and outcomes of adult cattle diagnosed with pharyngeal laceration/trauma.Medical records of cattle > 1 month of age admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital from January 1995 to January 2017 with pharyngeal perforation/trauma identified by oral or endoscopic examination were reviewed.
T66681 126008-126489 Sentence denotes The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the signalment, history, clinicopathological, endoscopic, ultrasonographic, radiographic and post-mortem findings as well as treatments and outcomes of adult cattle diagnosed with pharyngeal laceration/trauma.Medical records of cattle > 1 month of age admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital from January 1995 to January 2017 with pharyngeal perforation/trauma identified by oral or endoscopic examination were reviewed.
TextSentencer_T929 126490-126536 Sentence denotes Twenty-seven cases met the inclusion criteria.
T16765 126490-126536 Sentence denotes Twenty-seven cases met the inclusion criteria.
TextSentencer_T930 126537-126631 Sentence denotes In all cases but one, the primary complaint was dysphagia and swelling of the pharyngeal area.
T25866 126537-126631 Sentence denotes In all cases but one, the primary complaint was dysphagia and swelling of the pharyngeal area.
TextSentencer_T931 126632-126817 Sentence denotes Twelve (45%) cows had a history of being administered a bolus of monensin and 5 (20%) of calcium; 3 a magnet (11%); 1 (4%) iodine; 1 aspirin; and 1 (4%) vitamins; 3 (16%) unknown bolus.
T7980 126632-126817 Sentence denotes Twelve (45%) cows had a history of being administered a bolus of monensin and 5 (20%) of calcium; 3 a magnet (11%); 1 (4%) iodine; 1 aspirin; and 1 (4%) vitamins; 3 (16%) unknown bolus.
TextSentencer_T932 126818-127126 Sentence denotes Reported clinical signs included subcutaneous emphysema in 23 (85%) cows, swelling of the throatlatch in 17 (63%), pain on palpation in 17 (63%), nasal discharge in 14 (52%), foul odour from the nose and mouth in 12 (44%), ptyalism in 12 (44%), dyspnea in 15 (56%) and an upper respiratory noise in 12 (44%).
T51638 126818-127126 Sentence denotes Reported clinical signs included subcutaneous emphysema in 23 (85%) cows, swelling of the throatlatch in 17 (63%), pain on palpation in 17 (63%), nasal discharge in 14 (52%), foul odour from the nose and mouth in 12 (44%), ptyalism in 12 (44%), dyspnea in 15 (56%) and an upper respiratory noise in 12 (44%).
TextSentencer_T933 127127-127184 Sentence denotes Oral examination findings were reported in 22 (81%) cows.
T42833 127127-127184 Sentence denotes Oral examination findings were reported in 22 (81%) cows.
TextSentencer_T934 127185-127342 Sentence denotes A foreign body (FB) (monensin bolus) lodged in the pharynx was observed in 5 (20%) cows while pharyngeal laceration without FB was reported in 12 (44%) cows.
T40181 127185-127342 Sentence denotes A foreign body (FB) (monensin bolus) lodged in the pharynx was observed in 5 (20%) cows while pharyngeal laceration without FB was reported in 12 (44%) cows.
TextSentencer_T935 127343-127397 Sentence denotes Endoscopic examination was performed in 21 (78%) cows.
T35170 127343-127397 Sentence denotes Endoscopic examination was performed in 21 (78%) cows.
TextSentencer_T936 127398-127530 Sentence denotes A FB lodged in the pharynx was observed in 2 cows and in 12 cows the perforation was identified in the dorsal aspect of the pharynx.
T47603 127398-127530 Sentence denotes A FB lodged in the pharynx was observed in 2 cows and in 12 cows the perforation was identified in the dorsal aspect of the pharynx.
TextSentencer_T937 127531-127670 Sentence denotes Radiographs of the neck and throatlatch were performed in 21 (78%) cows and a FB was detected in 8 cows (rumensin bolus, n=6; magnet, n=2).
T70160 127531-127670 Sentence denotes Radiographs of the neck and throatlatch were performed in 21 (78%) cows and a FB was detected in 8 cows (rumensin bolus, n=6; magnet, n=2).
TextSentencer_T938 127671-127864 Sentence denotes The presence of gas, either subcutaneously or between fascial planes, emphysema of the pharyngeal region (n=20), soft tissue swelling (n=17) and pneumomediastinum (n=16) were commonly reported.
T81891 127671-127864 Sentence denotes The presence of gas, either subcutaneously or between fascial planes, emphysema of the pharyngeal region (n=20), soft tissue swelling (n=17) and pneumomediastinum (n=16) were commonly reported.
TextSentencer_T939 127865-127900 Sentence denotes Treatment was attempted in 24 cows.
T5124 127865-127900 Sentence denotes Treatment was attempted in 24 cows.
TextSentencer_T940 127901-128031 Sentence denotes Manual retrieval of the monensin bolus lodged in the pharynx was possible in 5 cows in which the FB was observed during oral exam.
T75255 127901-128031 Sentence denotes Manual retrieval of the monensin bolus lodged in the pharynx was possible in 5 cows in which the FB was observed during oral exam.
TextSentencer_T941 128032-128081 Sentence denotes Surgical removal of FB was carried out in 4 cows.
T17440 128032-128081 Sentence denotes Surgical removal of FB was carried out in 4 cows.
TextSentencer_T942 128082-128156 Sentence denotes In 2 cows a monensin bolus was retrieved and a magnet in the other 2 cows.
T31965 128082-128156 Sentence denotes In 2 cows a monensin bolus was retrieved and a magnet in the other 2 cows.
TextSentencer_T943 128157-128274 Sentence denotes A combination of antimicrobial agents and analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs were administered to all 24 treated cows.
T27124 128157-128274 Sentence denotes A combination of antimicrobial agents and analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs were administered to all 24 treated cows.
TextSentencer_T944 128275-128363 Sentence denotes Seventeen (63%) cows were discharged from the hospital whereas 10 (37%) were euthanized.
T41745 128275-128363 Sentence denotes Seventeen (63%) cows were discharged from the hospital whereas 10 (37%) were euthanized.
TextSentencer_T945 128364-128564 Sentence denotes Eight (46%) out of 17 surviving cows had pharyngeal trauma associated with monensin, 1 (6%) with an iodine bolus, 3 (18%) with a magnet, 1 (6%) with a vitamin bolus, and 4 (24%) with an unknown bolus.
T21887 128364-128564 Sentence denotes Eight (46%) out of 17 surviving cows had pharyngeal trauma associated with monensin, 1 (6%) with an iodine bolus, 3 (18%) with a magnet, 1 (6%) with a vitamin bolus, and 4 (24%) with an unknown bolus.
TextSentencer_T946 128565-128716 Sentence denotes All 5 cows that suffered pharyngeal trauma associated with administration of a calcium bolus were euthanized due to the severity of the clinical signs.
T40622 128565-128716 Sentence denotes All 5 cows that suffered pharyngeal trauma associated with administration of a calcium bolus were euthanized due to the severity of the clinical signs.
TextSentencer_T947 128717-128854 Sentence denotes Pharyngeal trauma is a rare condition in adult cattle which can cause serious morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated early.
T62835 128717-128854 Sentence denotes Pharyngeal trauma is a rare condition in adult cattle which can cause serious morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated early.
TextSentencer_T948 128855-128936 Sentence denotes Successful treatment appears to be related with the nature of the penetrating FB.
T55216 128855-128936 Sentence denotes Successful treatment appears to be related with the nature of the penetrating FB.
TextSentencer_T949 128937-129310 Sentence denotes Susan Arnold 1 , Simon Platt 2 , Georgina Stewart 2 , Marc Kent 2 , Renee Barber 2 1 University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 2 University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, GA, USA Primary intraparenchymal brain tumors, including astrocytomas, glioblastomas, and oligodendrogliomas, collectively comprise approximately 35% of all primary brain tumors in dogs.
T35583 128937-129310 Sentence denotes Susan Arnold 1 , Simon Platt 2 , Georgina Stewart 2 , Marc Kent 2 , Renee Barber 2 1 University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 2 University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, GA, USA Primary intraparenchymal brain tumors, including astrocytomas, glioblastomas, and oligodendrogliomas, collectively comprise approximately 35% of all primary brain tumors in dogs.
TextSentencer_T950 129311-129393 Sentence denotes The prognosis for dogs with any of these tumor types is generally guarded to poor.
T74202 129311-129393 Sentence denotes The prognosis for dogs with any of these tumor types is generally guarded to poor.
TextSentencer_T951 129394-129474 Sentence denotes The median survival time regardless of treatment type is approximately 230 days.
T76965 129394-129474 Sentence denotes The median survival time regardless of treatment type is approximately 230 days.
TextSentencer_T952 129475-129651 Sentence denotes Due to numerous challenges associated with diagnosing, grading, treating, and reporting survival outcomes, there is currently no gold standard therapy for these tumors in dogs.
T64183 129475-129651 Sentence denotes Due to numerous challenges associated with diagnosing, grading, treating, and reporting survival outcomes, there is currently no gold standard therapy for these tumors in dogs.
TextSentencer_T953 129652-129856 Sentence denotes Additionally, the similarities between canine and human primary intraparenchymal brain tumors lend translational opportunity to the development of novel treatment delivery systems for canine brain tumors.
T63444 129652-129856 Sentence denotes Additionally, the similarities between canine and human primary intraparenchymal brain tumors lend translational opportunity to the development of novel treatment delivery systems for canine brain tumors.
TextSentencer_T954 129857-129982 Sentence denotes Glial tumors invade and migrate along white matter tracts and blood vessels, which is a characteristic that can be exploited.
T77213 129857-129982 Sentence denotes Glial tumors invade and migrate along white matter tracts and blood vessels, which is a characteristic that can be exploited.
TextSentencer_T955 129983-130081 Sentence denotes Catheters lined with nanofiber particles have been developed to structurally mimic these conduits.
T12210 129983-130081 Sentence denotes Catheters lined with nanofiber particles have been developed to structurally mimic these conduits.
TextSentencer_T956 130082-130172 Sentence denotes The conformation guides tumor cells away from the tumor site to an extracranial reservoir.
T98938 130082-130172 Sentence denotes The conformation guides tumor cells away from the tumor site to an extracranial reservoir.
TextSentencer_T957 130173-130399 Sentence denotes In this study we describe the techniques associated with stereotactically-guided implantation of nanofiber-lined catheters in dogs with naturally occurring and histopathologically confirmed astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.
T84527 130173-130399 Sentence denotes In this study we describe the techniques associated with stereotactically-guided implantation of nanofiber-lined catheters in dogs with naturally occurring and histopathologically confirmed astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.
TextSentencer_T958 130400-130725 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of stereotactically- Although this study is small and cannot prove treatment efficacy, these findings support our hypotheses that stereotactic guidance of nanofiber catheters is safe, feasible, and encourages tumor cell migration out of the cranial cavity.
T23175 130400-130725 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of stereotactically- Although this study is small and cannot prove treatment efficacy, these findings support our hypotheses that stereotactic guidance of nanofiber catheters is safe, feasible, and encourages tumor cell migration out of the cranial cavity.
TextSentencer_T959 130726-130896 Sentence denotes This is the first stage in a large clinical trial that ultimately aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nanofiber catheters in the treatment of canine brain tumors.
T85743 130726-130896 Sentence denotes This is the first stage in a large clinical trial that ultimately aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nanofiber catheters in the treatment of canine brain tumors.
TextSentencer_T960 130897-131086 Sentence denotes Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive, safe and painless procedure that is applied in humans to modify the activity of specific neural circuits of the brain.
T7830 130897-131086 Sentence denotes Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive, safe and painless procedure that is applied in humans to modify the activity of specific neural circuits of the brain.
TextSentencer_T961 131087-131235 Sentence denotes Via electromagnetic induction, a magnetic field generator produces small electric currents on cortical neurons in order to affect neuronal function.
T44797 131087-131235 Sentence denotes Via electromagnetic induction, a magnetic field generator produces small electric currents on cortical neurons in order to affect neuronal function.
TextSentencer_T962 131236-131330 Sentence denotes The antiepileptic effect of rTMS has been demonstrated in humans with drug-resistant epilepsy.
T48138 131236-131330 Sentence denotes The antiepileptic effect of rTMS has been demonstrated in humans with drug-resistant epilepsy.
TextSentencer_T963 131331-131507 Sentence denotes Therefore, a single-blinded randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of rTMS in dogs with drug-resistant idiopathic epilepsy.
T28867 131331-131507 Sentence denotes Therefore, a single-blinded randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of rTMS in dogs with drug-resistant idiopathic epilepsy.
TextSentencer_T964 131508-131624 Sentence denotes After random assignment into the treatment or placebo group, dogs received active or sham stimulation, respectively.
T20503 131508-131624 Sentence denotes After random assignment into the treatment or placebo group, dogs received active or sham stimulation, respectively.
TextSentencer_T965 131625-131724 Sentence denotes All dogs in both groups were sedated during the whole procedure using the same anesthetic protocol.
T72987 131625-131724 Sentence denotes All dogs in both groups were sedated during the whole procedure using the same anesthetic protocol.
TextSentencer_T966 131725-131842 Sentence denotes Both groups received repetitive active or sham stimulation for 90 minutes per day for five consecutive days in total.
T96779 131725-131842 Sentence denotes Both groups received repetitive active or sham stimulation for 90 minutes per day for five consecutive days in total.
TextSentencer_T967 131843-132055 Sentence denotes The efficacy of the procedure was evaluated by comparing monthly seizure frequency (MSF) and monthly seizure day frequency (MSDF) during a retrospective 3-month period with a prospective 3-month follow-up period.
T36384 131843-132055 Sentence denotes The efficacy of the procedure was evaluated by comparing monthly seizure frequency (MSF) and monthly seizure day frequency (MSDF) during a retrospective 3-month period with a prospective 3-month follow-up period.
TextSentencer_T968 132056-132147 Sentence denotes Three months after sham stimulation, the dogs in the placebo group also received treatment.
T38450 132056-132147 Sentence denotes Three months after sham stimulation, the dogs in the placebo group also received treatment.
TextSentencer_T969 132148-132196 Sentence denotes Adverse effects and complications were reported.
T44171 132148-132196 Sentence denotes Adverse effects and complications were reported.
TextSentencer_T970 132197-132291 Sentence denotes Until this stage, five dogs were included, four in the treatment and one in the placebo group.
T25929 132197-132291 Sentence denotes Until this stage, five dogs were included, four in the treatment and one in the placebo group.
TextSentencer_T971 132292-132439 Sentence denotes In the treatment group, both median MSF and MSDF decreased (P = 0.1 and P = 0.059, respectively) showing a statistical trend of potential interest.
T43200 132292-132439 Sentence denotes In the treatment group, both median MSF and MSDF decreased (P = 0.1 and P = 0.059, respectively) showing a statistical trend of potential interest.
TextSentencer_T972 132440-132542 Sentence denotes In the placebo group, the limited sample size (n = 1) does not permit statistics at the current stage.
T97072 132440-132542 Sentence denotes In the placebo group, the limited sample size (n = 1) does not permit statistics at the current stage.
TextSentencer_T973 132543-132727 Sentence denotes However, this dog did show no reduction in seizure frequency following sham stimulation, while the seizure frequency reduced by 94% when the dog received active stimulation afterwards.
T31317 132543-132727 Sentence denotes However, this dog did show no reduction in seizure frequency following sham stimulation, while the seizure frequency reduced by 94% when the dog received active stimulation afterwards.
TextSentencer_T974 132728-132838 Sentence denotes Overall, the procedure seems safe as no significant or serious adverse effects or complications were reported.
T93447 132728-132838 Sentence denotes Overall, the procedure seems safe as no significant or serious adverse effects or complications were reported.
TextSentencer_T975 132839-133046 Sentence denotes In conclusion, these preliminary results suggest that rTMS is a safe procedure that might decrease median MSF and MSDF and result in an improvement in seizure management in dogs with drug-resistant epilepsy.
T12666 132839-133046 Sentence denotes In conclusion, these preliminary results suggest that rTMS is a safe procedure that might decrease median MSF and MSDF and result in an improvement in seizure management in dogs with drug-resistant epilepsy.
TextSentencer_T976 133047-133150 Sentence denotes However, a larger number of dogs is required for both groups before definitive conclusions can be made.
T28737 133047-133150 Sentence denotes However, a larger number of dogs is required for both groups before definitive conclusions can be made.
TextSentencer_T977 133151-133277 Sentence denotes Using a non-randomized cross-over design, nine clinically healthy cats received a single dose of 500 mg of approved ER-LEV PO.
T56344 133151-133277 Sentence denotes Using a non-randomized cross-over design, nine clinically healthy cats received a single dose of 500 mg of approved ER-LEV PO.
TextSentencer_T978 133278-133342 Sentence denotes Thirteen blood and 1-2 CSF samples were collected over 24 hours.
T70934 133278-133342 Sentence denotes Thirteen blood and 1-2 CSF samples were collected over 24 hours.
TextSentencer_T979 133343-133451 Sentence denotes After a one-week washout period, the study was repeated with a single oral dose of 500 mg compounded ER-LEV.
T55320 133343-133451 Sentence denotes After a one-week washout period, the study was repeated with a single oral dose of 500 mg compounded ER-LEV.
TextSentencer_T980 133452-133487 Sentence denotes LEV was quantitated by immunoassay.
T91348 133452-133487 Sentence denotes LEV was quantitated by immunoassay.
TextSentencer_T981 133488-133672 Sentence denotes Plasma and pooled CSF LEV concentrations versus time data were subjected to noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis and data were compared between formulations using a paired t-test.
T65392 133488-133672 Sentence denotes Plasma and pooled CSF LEV concentrations versus time data were subjected to noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis and data were compared between formulations using a paired t-test.
TextSentencer_T982 133673-133747 Sentence denotes Regardless of formulation, CSF LEV closely mimicked plasma concentrations.
T13204 133673-133747 Sentence denotes Regardless of formulation, CSF LEV closely mimicked plasma concentrations.
TextSentencer_T983 133748-133937 Sentence denotes Significant differences (P < 0.05) between formulations were limited to plasma Cmax (ug/mL) (approved 126 +/-33; compounded 169 +/-51) and tmax (approved 5.1 +/-1.6; compounded 3.1 +/-1.5).
T20451 133748-133937 Sentence denotes Significant differences (P < 0.05) between formulations were limited to plasma Cmax (ug/mL) (approved 126 +/-33; compounded 169 +/-51) and tmax (approved 5.1 +/-1.6; compounded 3.1 +/-1.5).
TextSentencer_T984 133938-134148 Sentence denotes With a half-life of 12.6 +/-1.6 hours and 12.7 +/-2.0 for approved and compounded, respectively, both formulations maintained concentrations above the human therapeutic reference interval for at least 12 hours.
T156 133938-134148 Sentence denotes With a half-life of 12.6 +/-1.6 hours and 12.7 +/-2.0 for approved and compounded, respectively, both formulations maintained concentrations above the human therapeutic reference interval for at least 12 hours.
TextSentencer_T985 134149-134349 Sentence denotes This study demonstrates that both approved and compounded ER-LEV maintains human therapeutic LEV concentrations in healthy cats 12 hours after oral administration, supporting 12-hour dosing intervals.
T88829 134149-134349 Sentence denotes This study demonstrates that both approved and compounded ER-LEV maintains human therapeutic LEV concentrations in healthy cats 12 hours after oral administration, supporting 12-hour dosing intervals.
TextSentencer_T986 134350-134611 Sentence denotes This study also demonstrates that plasma LEV monitoring can be used as an accurate representation of CSF LEV concentrations in cats. printed spinal models to ex-vivo spines and computed tomographic (CT) images with the eventual goal of replacing cadaver spines.
T34431 134350-134611 Sentence denotes This study also demonstrates that plasma LEV monitoring can be used as an accurate representation of CSF LEV concentrations in cats. printed spinal models to ex-vivo spines and computed tomographic (CT) images with the eventual goal of replacing cadaver spines.
TextSentencer_T987 134612-134777 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that the spatial accuracy of 3D printed stereolithographic models of the canine thoracolumbar vertebral column would not differ from cadaveric bones.
T64306 134612-134777 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that the spatial accuracy of 3D printed stereolithographic models of the canine thoracolumbar vertebral column would not differ from cadaveric bones.
TextSentencer_T988 134778-134854 Sentence denotes Thoracolumbar vertebral columns were harvested from 3 adult canine cadavers.
T57375 134778-134854 Sentence denotes Thoracolumbar vertebral columns were harvested from 3 adult canine cadavers.
TextSentencer_T989 134855-134913 Sentence denotes CT scans were acquired and rendered as 3-D surface models.
T94934 134855-134913 Sentence denotes CT scans were acquired and rendered as 3-D surface models.
TextSentencer_T990 134914-135041 Sentence denotes Stereolithograph models were generated and printed by a stereolithography printer with clear methacrylate photoactivated resin.
T19853 134914-135041 Sentence denotes Stereolithograph models were generated and printed by a stereolithography printer with clear methacrylate photoactivated resin.
TextSentencer_T991 135042-135109 Sentence denotes Cadaveric specimens were prepared by heated soft tissue maceration.
T76636 135042-135109 Sentence denotes Cadaveric specimens were prepared by heated soft tissue maceration.
TextSentencer_T992 135110-135212 Sentence denotes Uniform measurements were acquired from T12 through L4 from the cadaver spines, CT images, and models.
T10254 135110-135212 Sentence denotes Uniform measurements were acquired from T12 through L4 from the cadaver spines, CT images, and models.
TextSentencer_T993 135213-135297 Sentence denotes Neurological examinations were performed prior to the study and daily after surgery.
T53159 135213-135297 Sentence denotes Neurological examinations were performed prior to the study and daily after surgery.
TextSentencer_T994 135298-135518 Sentence denotes A standard brain MRI with intravenous gadolinium contrast agent was performed immediately, 7 days and 30 days following surgery, after which the dogs were humanely euthanized for histopathological analysis of the brains.
T59152 135298-135518 Sentence denotes A standard brain MRI with intravenous gadolinium contrast agent was performed immediately, 7 days and 30 days following surgery, after which the dogs were humanely euthanized for histopathological analysis of the brains.
TextSentencer_T995 135519-135632 Sentence denotes The presence of intratumoral chlorambucil indicated an altered blood brain barrier that varied from case to case.
T70248 135519-135632 Sentence denotes The presence of intratumoral chlorambucil indicated an altered blood brain barrier that varied from case to case.
TextSentencer_T996 135633-135778 Sentence denotes Despite sporadic previous reports of neurotoxicity, prolonged seizure-free intervals supported a high safety margin at this dose in this species.
T98832 135633-135778 Sentence denotes Despite sporadic previous reports of neurotoxicity, prolonged seizure-free intervals supported a high safety margin at this dose in this species.
TextSentencer_T997 135779-135822 Sentence denotes Metronomic chlorambucil was well tolerated.
T63052 135779-135822 Sentence denotes Metronomic chlorambucil was well tolerated.
TextSentencer_T998 135823-135981 Sentence denotes Ventriculoperitoneal shunt obstruction is a major complication in canine and human hydrocephalus, however obstruction typically occurs in the chronic setting.
T59100 135823-135981 Sentence denotes Ventriculoperitoneal shunt obstruction is a major complication in canine and human hydrocephalus, however obstruction typically occurs in the chronic setting.
TextSentencer_T999 135982-136115 Sentence denotes In order to develop a self-clearing ventricular catheter, a hydrocephalus model prone to early shunt obstruction would be beneficial.
T99043 135982-136115 Sentence denotes In order to develop a self-clearing ventricular catheter, a hydrocephalus model prone to early shunt obstruction would be beneficial.
TextSentencer_T1000 136116-136273 Sentence denotes Autologous blood was injected into the right lateral ventricle of 32.3 ± 5.2 kg, male, 6 month old pigs during terminal (n=3) and survival (n=14) procedures.
T70190 136116-136273 Sentence denotes Autologous blood was injected into the right lateral ventricle of 32.3 ± 5.2 kg, male, 6 month old pigs during terminal (n=3) and survival (n=14) procedures.
TextSentencer_T1001 136274-136405 Sentence denotes Median intraventricular intracranial pressures were 9 mmHg (baseline), 66 mmHg (peak) and 20 mmHg (6 minutes post-blood injection).
T30414 136274-136405 Sentence denotes Median intraventricular intracranial pressures were 9 mmHg (baseline), 66 mmHg (peak) and 20 mmHg (6 minutes post-blood injection).
TextSentencer_T1002 136406-136559 Sentence denotes 14.4 ml of blood caused profound hypertensive hydrocephalus in the terminal procedures but the first survival pig could not be recovered from anesthesia.
T42948 136406-136559 Sentence denotes 14.4 ml of blood caused profound hypertensive hydrocephalus in the terminal procedures but the first survival pig could not be recovered from anesthesia.
TextSentencer_T1003 136560-136635 Sentence denotes Using 10 ml of blood, hypertensive hydrocephalus occurred in 12 of 13 pigs.
T88556 136560-136635 Sentence denotes Using 10 ml of blood, hypertensive hydrocephalus occurred in 12 of 13 pigs.
TextSentencer_T1004 136636-136886 Sentence denotes In one pig, the subarachnoid space was inadvertently injected and hydrocephalus did not Fenbendazole produces these effects at a mean inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 150 ng/ml, which might be an initial target for therapeutic CSF concentrations.
T62259 136636-136886 Sentence denotes In one pig, the subarachnoid space was inadvertently injected and hydrocephalus did not Fenbendazole produces these effects at a mean inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 150 ng/ml, which might be an initial target for therapeutic CSF concentrations.
TextSentencer_T1005 136887-136999 Sentence denotes Our study aimed to describe the time course of fenbendazole in plasma and CSF after oral administration to dogs.
T92934 136887-136999 Sentence denotes Our study aimed to describe the time course of fenbendazole in plasma and CSF after oral administration to dogs.
TextSentencer_T1006 137000-137072 Sentence denotes Doses were designed to target a CSF concentration approaching 150 ng/ml.
T25493 137000-137072 Sentence denotes Doses were designed to target a CSF concentration approaching 150 ng/ml.
TextSentencer_T1007 137073-137232 Sentence denotes Fenbendazole was detected in canine plasma and CSF using high performance liquid chromatography; the limit of detection was 10 ng/ml and 5 ng/ml, respectively.
T11799 137073-137232 Sentence denotes Fenbendazole was detected in canine plasma and CSF using high performance liquid chromatography; the limit of detection was 10 ng/ml and 5 ng/ml, respectively.
TextSentencer_T1008 137233-137302 Sentence denotes Fenbendazole administered to two dogs at 50 mg/kg was not detectable.
T67884 137233-137302 Sentence denotes Fenbendazole administered to two dogs at 50 mg/kg was not detectable.
TextSentencer_T1009 137303-137472 Sentence denotes Dogs were subsequently treated with 100 mg/kg (n = 4) and then 200 mg/kg (n = 2 due to adverse effect), resulting in an average peak plasma concentration (ng/ml) of 131.
T92691 137303-137472 Sentence denotes Dogs were subsequently treated with 100 mg/kg (n = 4) and then 200 mg/kg (n = 2 due to adverse effect), resulting in an average peak plasma concentration (ng/ml) of 131.
TextSentencer_T1010 137473-137610 Sentence denotes 5 The aim of the study was to determine the precision of the novel MRI-based patient-individual stereotactic brain biopsy device in dogs.
T27320 137473-137610 Sentence denotes 5 The aim of the study was to determine the precision of the novel MRI-based patient-individual stereotactic brain biopsy device in dogs.
TextSentencer_T1011 137611-137696 Sentence denotes Twenty-two canine cadavers with 2 target points each were used to determine accuracy.
T16594 137611-137696 Sentence denotes Twenty-two canine cadavers with 2 target points each were used to determine accuracy.
TextSentencer_T1012 137697-137779 Sentence denotes First, specific bone anchors and MRI-markers were secured to canine cadaver heads.
T30447 137697-137779 Sentence denotes First, specific bone anchors and MRI-markers were secured to canine cadaver heads.
TextSentencer_T1013 137780-137843 Sentence denotes Afterwards CT and MRI examinations of the heads were performed.
T39948 137780-137843 Sentence denotes Afterwards CT and MRI examinations of the heads were performed.
TextSentencer_T1014 137844-137964 Sentence denotes Two target points and corresponding trajectories were defined on each MRI: left caudate nucleus and right piriform lobe.
T56714 137844-137964 Sentence denotes Two target points and corresponding trajectories were defined on each MRI: left caudate nucleus and right piriform lobe.
TextSentencer_T1015 137965-138128 Sentence denotes Based on MR-images, patient-individual frames including rigid needle placement ports to reach defined target points were constructed and printed with a 3D-printer.
T21188 137965-138128 Sentence denotes Based on MR-images, patient-individual frames including rigid needle placement ports to reach defined target points were constructed and printed with a 3D-printer.
TextSentencer_T1016 138129-138210 Sentence denotes The needle was to enter the brain in a gyrus and not to penetrate the ventricles.
T31404 138129-138210 Sentence denotes The needle was to enter the brain in a gyrus and not to penetrate the ventricles.
TextSentencer_T1017 138211-138255 Sentence denotes The frames were secured to the bone anchors.
T24292 138211-138255 Sentence denotes The frames were secured to the bone anchors.
TextSentencer_T1018 138256-138324 Sentence denotes Minimal-invasive access to the brain was created using a tool guide.
T59628 138256-138324 Sentence denotes Minimal-invasive access to the brain was created using a tool guide.
TextSentencer_T1019 138325-138418 Sentence denotes The biopsy needle was placed through the needle placement port up to the predetermined depth.
T25315 138325-138418 Sentence denotes The biopsy needle was placed through the needle placement port up to the predetermined depth.
TextSentencer_T1020 138419-138522 Sentence denotes Afterwards CT examinations of the heads with biopsy needles placed in each target point were performed.
T63568 138419-138522 Sentence denotes Afterwards CT examinations of the heads with biopsy needles placed in each target point were performed.
TextSentencer_T1021 138523-138601 Sentence denotes Needle placement error was determined after fusion of MRI and CT examinations.
T20475 138523-138601 Sentence denotes Needle placement error was determined after fusion of MRI and CT examinations.
TextSentencer_T1022 138602-138688 Sentence denotes Error was defined as deviation in mm between needle tip and anticipated target points.
T60795 138602-138688 Sentence denotes Error was defined as deviation in mm between needle tip and anticipated target points.
TextSentencer_T1023 138689-138773 Sentence denotes The total median needle placement error for all 42 target points was 0.84 mm (range:
T83612 138689-138773 Sentence denotes The total median needle placement error for all 42 target points was 0.84 mm (range:
TextSentencer_T1024 138774-138793 Sentence denotes 0.09-2.76; outlier:
T93632 138774-138793 Sentence denotes 0.09-2.76; outlier:
TextSentencer_T1025 138794-138800 Sentence denotes 4.11).
T6626 138794-138800 Sentence denotes 4.11).
TextSentencer_T1026 138801-138883 Sentence denotes The median needle placement error for the caudate nucleus only was 0.67 mm (range:
T55760 138801-138883 Sentence denotes The median needle placement error for the caudate nucleus only was 0.67 mm (range:
TextSentencer_T1027 138884-138936 Sentence denotes 0.09-1.25) and for the piriform lobe 0.85 mm (range:
T68967 138884-138936 Sentence denotes 0.09-1.25) and for the piriform lobe 0.85 mm (range:
TextSentencer_T1028 138937-138948 Sentence denotes 0.14-2.76).
T89293 138937-138948 Sentence denotes 0.14-2.76).
TextSentencer_T1029 138949-139097 Sentence denotes Therefore, the MRI-based patient-individual stereotactic brain biopsy device reaches higher accuracy than most other described brain biopsy systems.
T75782 138949-139097 Sentence denotes Therefore, the MRI-based patient-individual stereotactic brain biopsy device reaches higher accuracy than most other described brain biopsy systems.
TextSentencer_T1030 139098-139335 Sentence denotes In SM dogs, the distance between the rostral end of the palate and i) sella turcica (P = 0.049) ii) foramen magnum basioccipital (P = 0.030) were significantly reduced, as was the maximum distance through the palate centroid (P = 0.015).
T20870 139098-139335 Sentence denotes In SM dogs, the distance between the rostral end of the palate and i) sella turcica (P = 0.049) ii) foramen magnum basioccipital (P = 0.030) were significantly reduced, as was the maximum distance through the palate centroid (P = 0.015).
TextSentencer_T1031 139336-139436 Sentence denotes However, the reduced distance between the brain and frontal bone was highly significant (P < 0.001).
T58858 139336-139436 Sentence denotes However, the reduced distance between the brain and frontal bone was highly significant (P < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T1032 139437-139543 Sentence denotes The reduction in distance between the olfactory bulb and the sella turcica may be of interest (P = 0.054).
T71249 139437-139543 Sentence denotes The reduction in distance between the olfactory bulb and the sella turcica may be of interest (P = 0.054).
TextSentencer_T1033 139544-139790 Sentence denotes Discriminate analysis/logistic regression revealed that rostral skull flattening dominated any model but when removed, ratio of maximum distance through the palate centroid to cerebral height to cerebrum height was highly significant (P < 0.001).
T67024 139544-139790 Sentence denotes Discriminate analysis/logistic regression revealed that rostral skull flattening dominated any model but when removed, ratio of maximum distance through the palate centroid to cerebral height to cerebrum height was highly significant (P < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T1034 139791-139967 Sentence denotes The characteristics of CKCS with SM include osseous insufficiency in the skull and changes in the shape of the soft palate which were implicated by machine learning technology.
T41990 139791-139967 Sentence denotes The characteristics of CKCS with SM include osseous insufficiency in the skull and changes in the shape of the soft palate which were implicated by machine learning technology.
TextSentencer_T1035 139968-140273 Sentence denotes On the other hand, the activity of desaturase (delta-5 desaturase and delta-6 desaturase), which metabolizes EPA and DHA from precursors, has been reported to be lower in Japanese than in Westerners, possibly due to dietary culture as Japanese have historically ingested EPA and DHA directly from seafood.
T53679 139968-140273 Sentence denotes On the other hand, the activity of desaturase (delta-5 desaturase and delta-6 desaturase), which metabolizes EPA and DHA from precursors, has been reported to be lower in Japanese than in Westerners, possibly due to dietary culture as Japanese have historically ingested EPA and DHA directly from seafood.
TextSentencer_T1036 140274-140424 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that Japanese dogs share historically similar diets with Japanese and may have a lower desaturase activity compared with Western dogs.
T98460 140274-140424 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that Japanese dogs share historically similar diets with Japanese and may have a lower desaturase activity compared with Western dogs.
TextSentencer_T1037 140425-140607 Sentence denotes The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the composition of FAs in the erythrocyte membrane and plasma, and to evaluate desaturase activity in Japanese dogs and non-Asian dogs.
T64087 140425-140607 Sentence denotes The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the composition of FAs in the erythrocyte membrane and plasma, and to evaluate desaturase activity in Japanese dogs and non-Asian dogs.
TextSentencer_T1038 140608-140626 Sentence denotes Prospective study.
T51607 140608-140626 Sentence denotes Prospective study.
TextSentencer_T1039 140627-140706 Sentence denotes Twenty-five Shiba dogs without CCD and 57 non-Asian dogs without CCD were used.
T28435 140627-140706 Sentence denotes Twenty-five Shiba dogs without CCD and 57 non-Asian dogs without CCD were used.
TextSentencer_T1040 140707-140895 Sentence denotes The FAs (omega-3 PUFA, omega-6 PUFA, monounsaturated PUFA, and saturated PUFA) composition of the erythrocyte membrane and plasma were measured from blood samples using gas chromatography.
T45575 140707-140895 Sentence denotes The FAs (omega-3 PUFA, omega-6 PUFA, monounsaturated PUFA, and saturated PUFA) composition of the erythrocyte membrane and plasma were measured from blood samples using gas chromatography.
TextSentencer_T1041 140896-140997 Sentence denotes The difference between Shiba dogs and non-Asian dogs was evaluated using the Wilcoxson rank-sum test.
T62187 140896-140997 Sentence denotes The difference between Shiba dogs and non-Asian dogs was evaluated using the Wilcoxson rank-sum test.
TextSentencer_T1042 140998-141066 Sentence denotes Shiba dogs had a significantly lower composition (%) of EPA (median:
T16964 140998-141066 Sentence denotes Shiba dogs had a significantly lower composition (%) of EPA (median:
TextSentencer_T1043 141067-141163 Sentence denotes These findings might suggest that Shiba dogs have lower desaturase activity than non-Asian dogs.
T22710 141067-141163 Sentence denotes These findings might suggest that Shiba dogs have lower desaturase activity than non-Asian dogs.
TextSentencer_T1044 141164-141286 Sentence denotes The high incidence of CCD in Shiba dogs may be associated with the low composition of omega-3 FAs in erythrocyte membrane.
T38435 141164-141286 Sentence denotes The high incidence of CCD in Shiba dogs may be associated with the low composition of omega-3 FAs in erythrocyte membrane.
TextSentencer_T1045 141287-141477 Sentence denotes Studies on FAs using dogs with a unified diet are required to clarify the metabolic difference between Japanese dogs and non-Asian dogs, and to elucidate the association between FAs and CCD.
T80451 141287-141477 Sentence denotes Studies on FAs using dogs with a unified diet are required to clarify the metabolic difference between Japanese dogs and non-Asian dogs, and to elucidate the association between FAs and CCD.
TextSentencer_T1046 141478-141619 Sentence denotes Radiography is valuable, however published toy breed-specific radiographic measurements are lacking and diagnosis remains largely subjective.
T54312 141478-141619 Sentence denotes Radiography is valuable, however published toy breed-specific radiographic measurements are lacking and diagnosis remains largely subjective.
TextSentencer_T1047 141620-141749 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to establish objective radiographic criteria for the diagnosis of AA instability in toy breed dogs.
T21934 141620-141749 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to establish objective radiographic criteria for the diagnosis of AA instability in toy breed dogs.
TextSentencer_T1048 141750-141873 Sentence denotes Neutral lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs of 102 toy breed dogs (92 control, 10 affected) were retrospectively reviewed.
T68697 141750-141873 Sentence denotes Neutral lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs of 102 toy breed dogs (92 control, 10 affected) were retrospectively reviewed.
TextSentencer_T1049 141874-142036 Sentence denotes The median C1-C2 overlap (the distance of overlap between the C2 spinous process and the dorsal arch of C1) was +4.65 mm in control dogs and -5.00 mm in AA cases.
T73377 141874-142036 Sentence denotes The median C1-C2 overlap (the distance of overlap between the C2 spinous process and the dorsal arch of C1) was +4.65 mm in control dogs and -5.00 mm in AA cases.
TextSentencer_T1050 142037-142175 Sentence denotes A C1-C2 overlap ≤ +1.55 mm was the most sensitive (100%) and specific (94.5%) radiographic measurement in the diagnosis of AA instability.
T90628 142037-142175 Sentence denotes A C1-C2 overlap ≤ +1.55 mm was the most sensitive (100%) and specific (94.5%) radiographic measurement in the diagnosis of AA instability.
TextSentencer_T1051 142176-142347 Sentence denotes We performed three relative measurements: the atlantodental interval to dorsal atlantodental interval ratio (ADI/DADI ratio), the relative dens length and the C1-C2 angle.
T11921 142176-142347 Sentence denotes We performed three relative measurements: the atlantodental interval to dorsal atlantodental interval ratio (ADI/DADI ratio), the relative dens length and the C1-C2 angle.
TextSentencer_T1052 142348-142529 Sentence denotes These three relative measurements had good specificity (94.5%, 86.9%, 98.9% respectively), lower sensitivity (80.0%, 66.7%, 60.0%) and were not influenced by body weight (p > 0.05).
T78111 142348-142529 Sentence denotes These three relative measurements had good specificity (94.5%, 86.9%, 98.9% respectively), lower sensitivity (80.0%, 66.7%, 60.0%) and were not influenced by body weight (p > 0.05).
TextSentencer_T1053 142530-142739 Sentence denotes Absolute measurements (e.g. absolute dens length, atlantoaxial distance) were significantly correlated with body weight (p < 0.05) and their utility in the diagnosis of AA instability could not be established.
T41672 142530-142739 Sentence denotes Absolute measurements (e.g. absolute dens length, atlantoaxial distance) were significantly correlated with body weight (p < 0.05) and their utility in the diagnosis of AA instability could not be established.
TextSentencer_T1054 142740-142797 Sentence denotes Decreased C1-C2 overlap strongly supports AA instability.
T23764 142740-142797 Sentence denotes Decreased C1-C2 overlap strongly supports AA instability.
TextSentencer_T1055 142798-142993 Sentence denotes The ADI/DADI ratio, relative dens length and C1-C2 angle may provide further support but may be normal in individual cases. mean pre trial seizure frequency for both groups was calculatedgroup 1:
T32857 142798-142993 Sentence denotes The ADI/DADI ratio, relative dens length and C1-C2 angle may provide further support but may be normal in individual cases. mean pre trial seizure frequency for both groups was calculatedgroup 1:
TextSentencer_T1056 142994-143026 Sentence denotes 1 seizure every 9 days; group 2:
T62417 142994-143026 Sentence denotes 1 seizure every 9 days; group 2:
TextSentencer_T1057 143027-143050 Sentence denotes 1 seizure every 7 days.
T52340 143027-143050 Sentence denotes 1 seizure every 7 days.
TextSentencer_T1058 143051-143127 Sentence denotes The overall mean post trial seizure frequency for both groups was decreased.
T98407 143051-143127 Sentence denotes The overall mean post trial seizure frequency for both groups was decreased.
TextSentencer_T1059 143128-143136 Sentence denotes Group 1:
T58112 143128-143136 Sentence denotes Group 1:
TextSentencer_T1060 143137-143170 Sentence denotes 1 seizure every 16 days; group 2:
T40381 143137-143170 Sentence denotes 1 seizure every 16 days; group 2:
TextSentencer_T1061 143171-143194 Sentence denotes 1 seizure every 9 days.
T28341 143171-143194 Sentence denotes 1 seizure every 9 days.
TextSentencer_T1062 143195-143355 Sentence denotes Side effects were limited, with 1 dog experiencing an increase in seizure frequency and 1 dog displaying negative aversive behavior when the device was applied.
T90327 143195-143355 Sentence denotes Side effects were limited, with 1 dog experiencing an increase in seizure frequency and 1 dog displaying negative aversive behavior when the device was applied.
TextSentencer_T1063 143356-143518 Sentence denotes In conclusion, this treatment modality represents a possible additional treatment for refractory epileptic dogs that is non-invasive and has limited side effects.
T66984 143356-143518 Sentence denotes In conclusion, this treatment modality represents a possible additional treatment for refractory epileptic dogs that is non-invasive and has limited side effects.
TextSentencer_T1064 143519-143626 Sentence denotes Traditionally, cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM) has been classified into disc-or osseous-associated forms.
T26140 143519-143626 Sentence denotes Traditionally, cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM) has been classified into disc-or osseous-associated forms.
TextSentencer_T1065 143627-143723 Sentence denotes However, there are dogs that suffer from both forms, and this has not been thoroughly evaluated.
T74254 143627-143723 Sentence denotes However, there are dogs that suffer from both forms, and this has not been thoroughly evaluated.
TextSentencer_T1066 143724-143872 Sentence denotes Our goal was to report the MRI findings associated with single or multi-level osseous, disc and ligamentous compressions in dogs diagnosed with CSM.
T30874 143724-143872 Sentence denotes Our goal was to report the MRI findings associated with single or multi-level osseous, disc and ligamentous compressions in dogs diagnosed with CSM.
TextSentencer_T1067 143873-143974 Sentence denotes We retrospectively reviewed 180 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cases previously diagnosed with CSM.
T17238 143873-143974 Sentence denotes We retrospectively reviewed 180 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cases previously diagnosed with CSM.
TextSentencer_T1068 143975-144080 Sentence denotes Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of CSM using MRI and presence of compression in two or more directions.
T10939 143975-144080 Sentence denotes Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of CSM using MRI and presence of compression in two or more directions.
TextSentencer_T1069 144081-144275 Sentence denotes Location of compressive lesions, most severe compressive lesion, direction of the compression (dorsal, ventral, lateral, and combined) , and presence of spinal cord hyperintensity were recorded.
T51253 144081-144275 Sentence denotes Location of compressive lesions, most severe compressive lesion, direction of the compression (dorsal, ventral, lateral, and combined) , and presence of spinal cord hyperintensity were recorded.
TextSentencer_T1070 144276-144325 Sentence denotes Forty-five dogs (25%) met the inclusion criteria:
T94412 144276-144325 Sentence denotes Forty-five dogs (25%) met the inclusion criteria:
TextSentencer_T1071 144326-144397 Sentence denotes 32 were large-breed (21 Dobermans) and 13, giant-breed (7 Great Danes).
T38093 144326-144397 Sentence denotes 32 were large-breed (21 Dobermans) and 13, giant-breed (7 Great Danes).
TextSentencer_T1072 144398-144476 Sentence denotes The majority was older than 6 years of age (36/45), with 29 (64%) being males.
T18900 144398-144476 Sentence denotes The majority was older than 6 years of age (36/45), with 29 (64%) being males.
TextSentencer_T1073 144477-144643 Sentence denotes Forty two (93%) dogs had dorsal and ventral spinal cord compression in the same level; of these, 27 (64%) also had spinal cord compression at one or more other sites.
T13236 144477-144643 Sentence denotes Forty two (93%) dogs had dorsal and ventral spinal cord compression in the same level; of these, 27 (64%) also had spinal cord compression at one or more other sites.
TextSentencer_T1074 144644-144705 Sentence denotes Seven dogs (15%) had circumferential spinal cord compression.
T8096 144644-144705 Sentence denotes Seven dogs (15%) had circumferential spinal cord compression.
TextSentencer_T1075 144706-144761 Sentence denotes The most severe compressive lesion was at C6-7 or C5-6.
T33688 144706-144761 Sentence denotes The most severe compressive lesion was at C6-7 or C5-6.
TextSentencer_T1076 144762-144833 Sentence denotes Spinal cord hyperintensity on T2-W images was present in 35 (77%) dogs.
T82799 144762-144833 Sentence denotes Spinal cord hyperintensity on T2-W images was present in 35 (77%) dogs.
TextSentencer_T1077 144834-144935 Sentence denotes Our findings indicate that a sizeable portion of CSM-affected dogs suffer from combined compressions.
T42214 144834-144935 Sentence denotes Our findings indicate that a sizeable portion of CSM-affected dogs suffer from combined compressions.
TextSentencer_T1078 144936-145161 Sentence denotes It is important to routinely and carefully evaluate all cervical levels to make sure these are not overlooked, as the high proportion of spinal cord hyperintensity may suggest they represent a more severe form of the disease.
T69990 144936-145161 Sentence denotes It is important to routinely and carefully evaluate all cervical levels to make sure these are not overlooked, as the high proportion of spinal cord hyperintensity may suggest they represent a more severe form of the disease.
TextSentencer_T1079 145162-145273 Sentence denotes Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 5 GME and 3 NME (total 8 dogs) samples were used in this study.
T47880 145162-145273 Sentence denotes Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 5 GME and 3 NME (total 8 dogs) samples were used in this study.
TextSentencer_T1080 145274-145437 Sentence denotes Staining for PDGFR-α, PDGFR-ß, VEGFR-2, c-Abl, and c-Kit was carried out using standard immunohistochemical procedures developed for use in formalin fixed tissues.
T2525 145274-145437 Sentence denotes Staining for PDGFR-α, PDGFR-ß, VEGFR-2, c-Abl, and c-Kit was carried out using standard immunohistochemical procedures developed for use in formalin fixed tissues.
TextSentencer_T1081 145438-145571 Sentence denotes Immunohistochemical evaluation assessed staining positivity of each TKs and staining intensity and distribution of TK positive cells.
T4761 145438-145571 Sentence denotes Immunohistochemical evaluation assessed staining positivity of each TKs and staining intensity and distribution of TK positive cells.
TextSentencer_T1082 145572-145710 Sentence denotes Overall staining intensity was graded as no immunostaining, weak immunostaining, moderate and intense immunostaining at ×40 magnification.
T5550 145572-145710 Sentence denotes Overall staining intensity was graded as no immunostaining, weak immunostaining, moderate and intense immunostaining at ×40 magnification.
TextSentencer_T1083 145711-145858 Sentence denotes Distribution of positively staining cells (% cells affected) was evaluated in five separate fields at ×200 magnification and was graded as follows:
T33523 145711-145858 Sentence denotes Distribution of positively staining cells (% cells affected) was evaluated in five separate fields at ×200 magnification and was graded as follows:
TextSentencer_T1084 145859-145885 Sentence denotes 0%, 1-9%, 10-50%, 51-100%.
T20946 145859-145885 Sentence denotes 0%, 1-9%, 10-50%, 51-100%.
TextSentencer_T1085 145886-146031 Sentence denotes All samples stained positive for PDGFR-ß (8/8 [100%]) with the majority of samples exhibiting relatively intense staining and broad distribution.
T50067 145886-146031 Sentence denotes All samples stained positive for PDGFR-ß (8/8 [100%]) with the majority of samples exhibiting relatively intense staining and broad distribution.
TextSentencer_T1086 146032-146269 Sentence denotes A large number of the samples also had weak to moderate staining for PDGFR-α (4/8 [50%] ) and c-Kit (4/8 [50%] ) with various distribution. c-Abl was identified in 3/8 (37.5%) with relatively moderate staining intensity and distribution.
T84061 146032-146269 Sentence denotes A large number of the samples also had weak to moderate staining for PDGFR-α (4/8 [50%] ) and c-Kit (4/8 [50%] ) with various distribution. c-Abl was identified in 3/8 (37.5%) with relatively moderate staining intensity and distribution.
TextSentencer_T1087 146270-146331 Sentence denotes Only 1/8 sample showed a weak and restricted VEGFR-2 (12.5%).
T24975 146270-146331 Sentence denotes Only 1/8 sample showed a weak and restricted VEGFR-2 (12.5%).
TextSentencer_T1088 146332-146455 Sentence denotes There was no statistically significant association between GME and NE samples in terms of TK expression (P > 0.05 for all).
T90522 146332-146455 Sentence denotes There was no statistically significant association between GME and NE samples in terms of TK expression (P > 0.05 for all).
TextSentencer_T1089 146456-146555 Sentence denotes Known targets of conventional multitargeted TKIs are expressed in canine GME and NME of this study.
T73925 146456-146555 Sentence denotes Known targets of conventional multitargeted TKIs are expressed in canine GME and NME of this study.
TextSentencer_T1090 146556-146729 Sentence denotes These TKs could be involved in key aspects of the pathogenesis of autoimmune encephalitis and especially PDGFR-ß may have important role in biologic activity of the disease.
T39586 146556-146729 Sentence denotes These TKs could be involved in key aspects of the pathogenesis of autoimmune encephalitis and especially PDGFR-ß may have important role in biologic activity of the disease.
TextSentencer_T1091 146730-146859 Sentence denotes Based on this proof, the targeted therapy for the over-expressed TKs may have potential as new treatment modality of GME and NME.
T51912 146730-146859 Sentence denotes Based on this proof, the targeted therapy for the over-expressed TKs may have potential as new treatment modality of GME and NME.
TextSentencer_T1092 146860-147218 Sentence denotes Austin Kerns 1 , Nina Kieves 1 , Laurie Cook 2 , Sarah Moore 1 1 Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, 2 Ohio State University, columbus, OH, USA Electronic von Frey anesthesiometry (VFA) has been previously reported by our laboratory and others as a useful method of mechanical quantitative sensory testing (QST) for evaluating neuropathic pain in dogs.
T30356 146860-147218 Sentence denotes Austin Kerns 1 , Nina Kieves 1 , Laurie Cook 2 , Sarah Moore 1 1 Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, 2 Ohio State University, columbus, OH, USA Electronic von Frey anesthesiometry (VFA) has been previously reported by our laboratory and others as a useful method of mechanical quantitative sensory testing (QST) for evaluating neuropathic pain in dogs.
TextSentencer_T1093 147219-147464 Sentence denotes Intraobserver agreement has been previously shown to be good to excellent; however, interobserver agreement has not been previously reported and is vital to the use of this technique in multicenter veterinary clinical trials in neuropathic pain.
T77439 147219-147464 Sentence denotes Intraobserver agreement has been previously shown to be good to excellent; however, interobserver agreement has not been previously reported and is vital to the use of this technique in multicenter veterinary clinical trials in neuropathic pain.
TextSentencer_T1094 147465-147622 Sentence denotes The goal of this study was to evaluate the interobserver agreement of sensory thresholds obtained using electronic VFA in a group of normal small breed dogs.
T99515 147465-147622 Sentence denotes The goal of this study was to evaluate the interobserver agreement of sensory thresholds obtained using electronic VFA in a group of normal small breed dogs.
TextSentencer_T1095 147623-147693 Sentence denotes No statistical difference between MTR and FA was noted between groups.
T89476 147623-147693 Sentence denotes No statistical difference between MTR and FA was noted between groups.
TextSentencer_T1096 147694-147758 Sentence denotes AD and MD were significantly lower in dogs that did not recover.
T48104 147694-147758 Sentence denotes AD and MD were significantly lower in dogs that did not recover.
TextSentencer_T1097 147759-147889 Sentence denotes Findings support that quantitative imaging surrogates of axonal integrity may be important prognostic indicators in dogs with SCI.
T95278 147759-147889 Sentence denotes Findings support that quantitative imaging surrogates of axonal integrity may be important prognostic indicators in dogs with SCI.
TextSentencer_T1098 147890-148230 Sentence denotes Despite studies demonstrating that lower doses of toceranib (2.4 -2.9 mg/kg every other day) provides drug exposure sufficient for target inhibition while reducing the frequency of drug-related adverse events, gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity continues to be the most commonly encountered side effect in dogs receiving toceranib at this dose.
T12936 147890-148230 Sentence denotes Despite studies demonstrating that lower doses of toceranib (2.4 -2.9 mg/kg every other day) provides drug exposure sufficient for target inhibition while reducing the frequency of drug-related adverse events, gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity continues to be the most commonly encountered side effect in dogs receiving toceranib at this dose.
TextSentencer_T1099 148231-148452 Sentence denotes The degree of toxicity is variable among individual dogs and currently there are no clinical or molecular markers to identify those dogs that would benefit from the use of concomitant medications to prevent GI toxicities.
T47219 148231-148452 Sentence denotes The degree of toxicity is variable among individual dogs and currently there are no clinical or molecular markers to identify those dogs that would benefit from the use of concomitant medications to prevent GI toxicities.
TextSentencer_T1100 148453-148669 Sentence denotes This is critical as the development of GI toxicity significantly impacts patient morbidity and quality of life, decreases treatment intensity, increases the cost of treatment, and leads to discontinuation of therapy.
T29923 148453-148669 Sentence denotes This is critical as the development of GI toxicity significantly impacts patient morbidity and quality of life, decreases treatment intensity, increases the cost of treatment, and leads to discontinuation of therapy.
TextSentencer_T1101 148670-148836 Sentence denotes The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 2 Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 3 The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
T80391 148670-148836 Sentence denotes The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 2 Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 3 The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
TextSentencer_T1102 148837-148896 Sentence denotes Gene mutations in various canine tumors have been explored.
T41573 148837-148896 Sentence denotes Gene mutations in various canine tumors have been explored.
TextSentencer_T1103 148897-149017 Sentence denotes In canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS), the mutations of TP53 and PTPN11 genes have been reported to be frequently observed.
T32748 148897-149017 Sentence denotes In canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS), the mutations of TP53 and PTPN11 genes have been reported to be frequently observed.
TextSentencer_T1104 149018-149113 Sentence denotes However, there has been no report on the comprehensive analysis of gene mutations in canine HS.
T38016 149018-149113 Sentence denotes However, there has been no report on the comprehensive analysis of gene mutations in canine HS.
TextSentencer_T1105 149114-149263 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to conduct the comprehensive analysis of mutations of protein coding genes in dogs with HS by whole exome sequencing.
T51716 149114-149263 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to conduct the comprehensive analysis of mutations of protein coding genes in dogs with HS by whole exome sequencing.
TextSentencer_T1106 149264-149370 Sentence denotes Genomic DNA was extracted from the tumor tissues of three dogs that were histologically diagnosed with HS.
T79770 149264-149370 Sentence denotes Genomic DNA was extracted from the tumor tissues of three dogs that were histologically diagnosed with HS.
TextSentencer_T1107 149371-149500 Sentence denotes For the analysis of germline DNA sequences, genomic DNA was also extracted from normal tissues or peripheral blood of these dogs.
T94118 149371-149500 Sentence denotes For the analysis of germline DNA sequences, genomic DNA was also extracted from normal tissues or peripheral blood of these dogs.
TextSentencer_T1108 149501-149565 Sentence denotes Whole exome sequencing was performed using Illumina NextSeq 500.
T55167 149501-149565 Sentence denotes Whole exome sequencing was performed using Illumina NextSeq 500.
TextSentencer_T1109 149566-149689 Sentence denotes The alignment of processed reads to the canine reference genome (CanFam 3.1) was carried out using Genome Analysis Toolkit.
T83951 149566-149689 Sentence denotes The alignment of processed reads to the canine reference genome (CanFam 3.1) was carried out using Genome Analysis Toolkit.
TextSentencer_T1110 149690-149811 Sentence denotes VarScan was used for calling of the somatic variants in each dog and SnpEff was used for the annotations of the variants.
T75891 149690-149811 Sentence denotes VarScan was used for calling of the somatic variants in each dog and SnpEff was used for the annotations of the variants.
TextSentencer_T1111 149812-149922 Sentence denotes The extracted somatic variants were filtered by the read depth and the putative impact for the gene functions.
T97374 149812-149922 Sentence denotes The extracted somatic variants were filtered by the read depth and the putative impact for the gene functions.
TextSentencer_T1112 149923-150049 Sentence denotes The variants in the genes known to be associated with the pathogenesis of human tumors were validated using Sanger sequencing.
T6763 149923-150049 Sentence denotes The variants in the genes known to be associated with the pathogenesis of human tumors were validated using Sanger sequencing.
TextSentencer_T1113 150050-150201 Sentence denotes Whole exome sequencing generated the mean read depth of 630×, and 99.2 % of the unique reads could be mapped to the canine reference genome on average.
T67128 150050-150201 Sentence denotes Whole exome sequencing generated the mean read depth of 630×, and 99.2 % of the unique reads could be mapped to the canine reference genome on average.
TextSentencer_T1114 150202-150386 Sentence denotes After the analysis of the data, 11 variants in 11 genes, 17 variants in 16 genes, and 14 variants in 13 genes were extracted as the somatic mutations in Dogs 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
T93917 150202-150386 Sentence denotes After the analysis of the data, 11 variants in 11 genes, 17 variants in 16 genes, and 14 variants in 13 genes were extracted as the somatic mutations in Dogs 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
TextSentencer_T1115 150387-150519 Sentence denotes Of these variants, the mutations of TP53 (Dog 1), PDGFRB and N4BP2 (Dog 2), and SH3KBP1 (Dog 3) were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.
T50603 150387-150519 Sentence denotes Of these variants, the mutations of TP53 (Dog 1), PDGFRB and N4BP2 (Dog 2), and SH3KBP1 (Dog 3) were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.
TextSentencer_T1116 150520-150613 Sentence denotes This study revealed somatic mutations of TP53, PDGFRB, N4BP2, and SH3KBP1 genes in canine HS.
T78827 150520-150613 Sentence denotes This study revealed somatic mutations of TP53, PDGFRB, N4BP2, and SH3KBP1 genes in canine HS.
TextSentencer_T1117 150614-150692 Sentence denotes We previously reported the high incidence of TP53 gene mutations in canine HS.
T6581 150614-150692 Sentence denotes We previously reported the high incidence of TP53 gene mutations in canine HS.
TextSentencer_T1118 150693-150910 Sentence denotes N4BP2 was reported to interact with BCL3, a target of PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways, and SH3KBP1 was shown to induce down-regulation of protein tyrosine kinase that activates PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways (Fig. 1) .
T20733 150693-150910 Sentence denotes N4BP2 was reported to interact with BCL3, a target of PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways, and SH3KBP1 was shown to induce down-regulation of protein tyrosine kinase that activates PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways (Fig. 1) .
TextSentencer_T1119 150911-151227 Sentence denotes Although further studies are needed to know the frequencies of the gene mutations, findings obtained in the present study will lead to the introduction of molecular targeted therapy directed to PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and p53 pathways in canine HS. and age-and breed-matched (in dogs) and age-matched (in cats) to cases.
T99724 150911-151227 Sentence denotes Although further studies are needed to know the frequencies of the gene mutations, findings obtained in the present study will lead to the introduction of molecular targeted therapy directed to PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and p53 pathways in canine HS. and age-and breed-matched (in dogs) and age-matched (in cats) to cases.
TextSentencer_T1120 151228-151319 Sentence denotes SDMA and creatinine concentrations were compared between cases and controls by cancer type.
T48625 151228-151319 Sentence denotes SDMA and creatinine concentrations were compared between cases and controls by cancer type.
TextSentencer_T1121 151320-151536 Sentence denotes SDMA concentrations were significantly higher in dogs and cats with lymphoma (P < 0.0001) and significantly lower in dogs with lipoma, mammary adenocarcinoma and mammary carcinoma (P ≤ 0.003) as compared to controls.
T76386 151320-151536 Sentence denotes SDMA concentrations were significantly higher in dogs and cats with lymphoma (P < 0.0001) and significantly lower in dogs with lipoma, mammary adenocarcinoma and mammary carcinoma (P ≤ 0.003) as compared to controls.
TextSentencer_T1122 151537-151709 Sentence denotes Creatinine concentrations were significantly lower in dogs with mammary adenocarcinoma and mammary carcinoma and in cats with lymphoma (p≤0.0008) when compared to controls.
T2258 151537-151709 Sentence denotes Creatinine concentrations were significantly lower in dogs with mammary adenocarcinoma and mammary carcinoma and in cats with lymphoma (p≤0.0008) when compared to controls.
TextSentencer_T1123 151710-151846 Sentence denotes Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to determine the association between SDMA and tumor type ( Table 1 ).
T61522 151710-151846 Sentence denotes Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to determine the association between SDMA and tumor type ( Table 1 ).
TextSentencer_T1124 151847-152074 Sentence denotes The results indicate that in both cats and dogs, cases of lymphoma are associated with increased SDMA concentrations with a large portion of these cases having concurrent creatinine concentrations within the reference interval.
T29860 151847-152074 Sentence denotes The results indicate that in both cats and dogs, cases of lymphoma are associated with increased SDMA concentrations with a large portion of these cases having concurrent creatinine concentrations within the reference interval.
TextSentencer_T1125 152075-152270 Sentence denotes Although the etiology of increased SDMA concentrations in these cases was not determined, SDMA may be an early marker of renal involvement and reduced GFR in recently diagnosed cases of lymphoma.
T85322 152075-152270 Sentence denotes Although the etiology of increased SDMA concentrations in these cases was not determined, SDMA may be an early marker of renal involvement and reduced GFR in recently diagnosed cases of lymphoma.
TextSentencer_T1126 152271-152487 Sentence denotes To assess the impact of probiotic treatment on the prevalence and severity of CID, a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was performed in dogs with cancer scheduled to receive doxorubicin.
T84599 152271-152487 Sentence denotes To assess the impact of probiotic treatment on the prevalence and severity of CID, a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was performed in dogs with cancer scheduled to receive doxorubicin.
TextSentencer_T1127 152488-152684 Sentence denotes Dogs received treatment for 14 days, starting on the day of doxorubicin administration, with either a probiotic formulation containing Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (2 x 10 9 CFU) or a placebo.
T70601 152488-152684 Sentence denotes Dogs received treatment for 14 days, starting on the day of doxorubicin administration, with either a probiotic formulation containing Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (2 x 10 9 CFU) or a placebo.
TextSentencer_T1128 152685-152888 Sentence denotes A CID assessment form was developed for daily completion by the owner for five days, starting four days after treatment with doxorubicin, and a score was calculated to describe the severity of the event.
T24608 152685-152888 Sentence denotes A CID assessment form was developed for daily completion by the owner for five days, starting four days after treatment with doxorubicin, and a score was calculated to describe the severity of the event.
TextSentencer_T1129 152889-153014 Sentence denotes In addition, a quality of life (QoL) assessment form was developed to assess the QoL of the dog during each treatment period.
T39867 152889-153014 Sentence denotes In addition, a quality of life (QoL) assessment form was developed to assess the QoL of the dog during each treatment period.
TextSentencer_T1130 153015-153147 Sentence denotes Faecal samples were collected before administration of doxorubicin and during and after treatment with the probiotic or the placebo.
T73023 153015-153147 Sentence denotes Faecal samples were collected before administration of doxorubicin and during and after treatment with the probiotic or the placebo.
TextSentencer_T1131 153148-153301 Sentence denotes Faecal DNA was extracted and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction was developed to detect and quantify the presence of the specific probiotic strain.
T53459 153148-153301 Sentence denotes Faecal DNA was extracted and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction was developed to detect and quantify the presence of the specific probiotic strain.
TextSentencer_T1132 153302-153514 Sentence denotes Fifty dogs were recruited, 32 took both the probiotic formulation and the placebo, 11 took either product only, and seven dogs died of their cancer or were removed from the trial, leaving 43 cases for evaluation.
T3749 153302-153514 Sentence denotes Fifty dogs were recruited, 32 took both the probiotic formulation and the placebo, 11 took either product only, and seven dogs died of their cancer or were removed from the trial, leaving 43 cases for evaluation.
TextSentencer_T1133 153515-153627 Sentence denotes Faecal consistency was described as abnormal in 80% of dogs in the probiotic group and 83% in the placebo group.
T80978 153515-153627 Sentence denotes Faecal consistency was described as abnormal in 80% of dogs in the probiotic group and 83% in the placebo group.
TextSentencer_T1134 153628-153726 Sentence denotes Faecal frequency was increased in 51% of dogs in the probiotic group and 44% in the placebo group.
T8326 153628-153726 Sentence denotes Faecal frequency was increased in 51% of dogs in the probiotic group and 44% in the placebo group.
TextSentencer_T1135 153727-153834 Sentence denotes There was no difference in the diarrhoea event scores whilst the dogs took either trial product (p > 0.05).
T2075 153727-153834 Sentence denotes There was no difference in the diarrhoea event scores whilst the dogs took either trial product (p > 0.05).
TextSentencer_T1136 153835-154064 Sentence denotes In addition, there was no difference in QoL score between each trial period, but there was a significant correlation between QoL and diarrhoea score; QoL was considered to be worse when the diarrhoea was more severe (p < 0.0001).
T20411 153835-154064 Sentence denotes In addition, there was no difference in QoL score between each trial period, but there was a significant correlation between QoL and diarrhoea score; QoL was considered to be worse when the diarrhoea was more severe (p < 0.0001).
TextSentencer_T1137 154065-154404 Sentence denotes Also, there was a significant correlation between QoL and tumour type; dogs with lymphoma were described as having a significantly worse QoL compared to dogs with sarcomas or carcinomas to the unique nature of the nanoparticle design they vibrate when exposed to the appropriate wavelength of light generating controlled and targeted heat.
T47590 154065-154404 Sentence denotes Also, there was a significant correlation between QoL and tumour type; dogs with lymphoma were described as having a significantly worse QoL compared to dogs with sarcomas or carcinomas to the unique nature of the nanoparticle design they vibrate when exposed to the appropriate wavelength of light generating controlled and targeted heat.
TextSentencer_T1138 154405-154586 Sentence denotes Our hypothesis is that heat generated with laser light induced nanoparticle vibration will cause cancer cell death, thereby provide definitive therapy in low grade mast cell tumors.
T47929 154405-154586 Sentence denotes Our hypothesis is that heat generated with laser light induced nanoparticle vibration will cause cancer cell death, thereby provide definitive therapy in low grade mast cell tumors.
TextSentencer_T1139 154587-154695 Sentence denotes Eighteen with low grade mast cell tumors, < 1.5 cm, were randomized into either treatment or control groups.
T77549 154587-154695 Sentence denotes Eighteen with low grade mast cell tumors, < 1.5 cm, were randomized into either treatment or control groups.
TextSentencer_T1140 154696-154775 Sentence denotes All dogs received Benadryl, 2 mg/kg/12 hours, and Pepcid AC, 0.5mg/kg/24 hours.
T6808 154696-154775 Sentence denotes All dogs received Benadryl, 2 mg/kg/12 hours, and Pepcid AC, 0.5mg/kg/24 hours.
TextSentencer_T1141 154776-154839 Sentence denotes On day one dogs received a 2 hour IV infusion of nanoparticles.
T67800 154776-154839 Sentence denotes On day one dogs received a 2 hour IV infusion of nanoparticles.
TextSentencer_T1142 154840-154955 Sentence denotes On day two, the treatment group dogs had light therapy applied to the tumor using a diode laser -810 nm, 12W/cm 2 .
T12696 154840-154955 Sentence denotes On day two, the treatment group dogs had light therapy applied to the tumor using a diode laser -810 nm, 12W/cm 2 .
TextSentencer_T1143 154956-155020 Sentence denotes Dogs were evaluated once a week for four weeks and then monthly.
T68578 154956-155020 Sentence denotes Dogs were evaluated once a week for four weeks and then monthly.
TextSentencer_T1144 155021-155178 Sentence denotes Data collected included signalment, tumor size pre-infusion and pre-laser therapy application, response to therapy, duration of response, and any toxicities.
T75653 155021-155178 Sentence denotes Data collected included signalment, tumor size pre-infusion and pre-laser therapy application, response to therapy, duration of response, and any toxicities.
TextSentencer_T1145 155179-155252 Sentence denotes At the endpoint, the mice were euthanized, and the tumors were collected.
T29407 155179-155252 Sentence denotes At the endpoint, the mice were euthanized, and the tumors were collected.
TextSentencer_T1146 155253-155320 Sentence denotes Histologically, necrotic areas in the tumor tissues were evaluated.
T9578 155253-155320 Sentence denotes Histologically, necrotic areas in the tumor tissues were evaluated.
TextSentencer_T1147 155321-155442 Sentence denotes Finally, immunohistochemistry of HER2 was performed using urinary bladder tissues of 23 dogs with TCC and 8 healthy dogs.
T17549 155321-155442 Sentence denotes Finally, immunohistochemistry of HER2 was performed using urinary bladder tissues of 23 dogs with TCC and 8 healthy dogs.
TextSentencer_T1148 155443-155532 Sentence denotes Intensive staining localized to cell membrane was defined as HER2 protein overexpression.
T5837 155443-155532 Sentence denotes Intensive staining localized to cell membrane was defined as HER2 protein overexpression.
TextSentencer_T1149 155533-155692 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity and efficacy of a doxorubicin/ cytarabine (DC) combination protocol in dogs with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
T61837 155533-155692 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity and efficacy of a doxorubicin/ cytarabine (DC) combination protocol in dogs with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
TextSentencer_T1150 155693-155979 Sentence denotes A cohort of 6 dogs with persistent cytopenia, and bone marrow cytology and/or core biopsy diagnosis of AML were treated with same day doxorubicin at 30 mg/m 2 or 1 mg/kg IV over 20 minutes, followed by cytarabine at 300 mg/m 2 with constant rate IV infusion over 4 hours, every 14 days.
T72824 155693-155979 Sentence denotes A cohort of 6 dogs with persistent cytopenia, and bone marrow cytology and/or core biopsy diagnosis of AML were treated with same day doxorubicin at 30 mg/m 2 or 1 mg/kg IV over 20 minutes, followed by cytarabine at 300 mg/m 2 with constant rate IV infusion over 4 hours, every 14 days.
TextSentencer_T1151 155980-156031 Sentence denotes Prednisone (2 mg/kg PO q24h) was also administered.
T67628 155980-156031 Sentence denotes Prednisone (2 mg/kg PO q24h) was also administered.
TextSentencer_T1152 156032-156130 Sentence denotes Hematologic results, adverse effects and outcomes were assessed every 1-2 weeks during DC therapy.
T19315 156032-156130 Sentence denotes Hematologic results, adverse effects and outcomes were assessed every 1-2 weeks during DC therapy.
TextSentencer_T1153 156131-156201 Sentence denotes Six dogs were treated with the DC protocol over a period of two years.
T89072 156131-156201 Sentence denotes Six dogs were treated with the DC protocol over a period of two years.
TextSentencer_T1154 156202-156290 Sentence denotes Median age was 9.4 years (range 1-10) with median weight of 17.4 kg (range 3.7-32.2 kg).
T42412 156202-156290 Sentence denotes Median age was 9.4 years (range 1-10) with median weight of 17.4 kg (range 3.7-32.2 kg).
TextSentencer_T1155 156291-156371 Sentence denotes Dogs presented with anemia (n=6) and leukopenia (n=2) or thrombocytopenia (n=2).
T69670 156291-156371 Sentence denotes Dogs presented with anemia (n=6) and leukopenia (n=2) or thrombocytopenia (n=2).
TextSentencer_T1156 156372-156409 Sentence denotes Two dogs had circulating blast cells.
T1154 156372-156409 Sentence denotes Two dogs had circulating blast cells.
TextSentencer_T1157 156410-156462 Sentence denotes Median number of treatment cycles was 6 (range 1-9).
T36966 156410-156462 Sentence denotes Median number of treatment cycles was 6 (range 1-9).
TextSentencer_T1158 156463-156579 Sentence denotes Dose reduction was required in 2 dogs due to grade 4 neutropenia or grade 3 gastrointestinal adverse effects (GIAE).
T83127 156463-156579 Sentence denotes Dose reduction was required in 2 dogs due to grade 4 neutropenia or grade 3 gastrointestinal adverse effects (GIAE).
TextSentencer_T1159 156580-156678 Sentence denotes One dog developed dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) after a cumulative doxorubicin dose of 180 mg/m 2 .
T94998 156580-156678 Sentence denotes One dog developed dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) after a cumulative doxorubicin dose of 180 mg/m 2 .
TextSentencer_T1160 156679-156899 Sentence denotes Two dogs are still alive 305 and 799 days after diagnosis; one dog died due to DCM at 380 days while cytopenia was in remission, and three dogs died from progressive AML 13, 29 and 217 days after diagnosis, respectively.
T21117 156679-156899 Sentence denotes Two dogs are still alive 305 and 799 days after diagnosis; one dog died due to DCM at 380 days while cytopenia was in remission, and three dogs died from progressive AML 13, 29 and 217 days after diagnosis, respectively.
TextSentencer_T1161 156900-156984 Sentence denotes Improvement in cytopenia was noted in all but the two dogs that died within 30 days.
T92455 156900-156984 Sentence denotes Improvement in cytopenia was noted in all but the two dogs that died within 30 days.
TextSentencer_T1162 156985-157028 Sentence denotes The DC protocol was overall well tolerated.
T90992 156985-157028 Sentence denotes The DC protocol was overall well tolerated.
TextSentencer_T1163 157029-157074 Sentence denotes Four of 6 dogs survived longer than 6 months.
T31749 157029-157074 Sentence denotes Four of 6 dogs survived longer than 6 months.
TextSentencer_T1164 157075-157129 Sentence denotes Further studies with larger sample size are warranted.
T55895 157075-157129 Sentence denotes Further studies with larger sample size are warranted.
TextSentencer_T1165 157130-157273 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to assess the role of Palladia in the treatment of inoperable, metastatic, or recurrent canine pheochromocytomas.
T74585 157130-157273 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to assess the role of Palladia in the treatment of inoperable, metastatic, or recurrent canine pheochromocytomas.
TextSentencer_T1166 157274-157491 Sentence denotes Retrospectively, medical records of dogs that had a diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma and treatment with Palladia were reviewed for information regarding response to Palladia, observed side effects, and overall outcome.
T58385 157274-157491 Sentence denotes Retrospectively, medical records of dogs that had a diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma and treatment with Palladia were reviewed for information regarding response to Palladia, observed side effects, and overall outcome.
TextSentencer_T1167 157492-157669 Sentence denotes Five dogs were identified that fit the inclusion cri- It is incurable once infiltrated into bone and lung metastasis, and the traditional therapeutic approach is less effective.
T84547 157492-157669 Sentence denotes Five dogs were identified that fit the inclusion cri- It is incurable once infiltrated into bone and lung metastasis, and the traditional therapeutic approach is less effective.
TextSentencer_T1168 157670-157848 Sentence denotes Tumor cells rely on glycolysis, rather than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, for energy production even under oxygen-rich conditions, which is termed as "Warburg effect".
T3006 157670-157848 Sentence denotes Tumor cells rely on glycolysis, rather than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, for energy production even under oxygen-rich conditions, which is termed as "Warburg effect".
TextSentencer_T1169 157849-157980 Sentence denotes Since Warburg effect is characteristic for tumor cells, glucose metabolism is considered to be a therapeutic target in this regard.
T4550 157849-157980 Sentence denotes Since Warburg effect is characteristic for tumor cells, glucose metabolism is considered to be a therapeutic target in this regard.
TextSentencer_T1170 157981-158091 Sentence denotes In this study, we investigated the contribution of glucose transporters on the cell growth of canine melanoma.
T36230 157981-158091 Sentence denotes In this study, we investigated the contribution of glucose transporters on the cell growth of canine melanoma.
TextSentencer_T1171 158092-158229 Sentence denotes Canine melanoma cells (MCM-N1) were cultured in Dulbecco';s Modified Eagle';s medium containing 1 g/L glucose and 10% fetal bovine serum.
T91935 158092-158229 Sentence denotes Canine melanoma cells (MCM-N1) were cultured in Dulbecco';s Modified Eagle';s medium containing 1 g/L glucose and 10% fetal bovine serum.
TextSentencer_T1172 158230-158336 Sentence denotes Cell growth was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction assay.
T67075 158230-158336 Sentence denotes Cell growth was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction assay.
TextSentencer_T1173 158337-158402 Sentence denotes The cells proliferated for three days in a time-dependent manner.
T19296 158337-158402 Sentence denotes The cells proliferated for three days in a time-dependent manner.
TextSentencer_T1174 158403-158506 Sentence denotes When treated with WZB-117, a pan-glucose transporter inhibitor, the cell growth was clearly attenuated.
T80354 158403-158506 Sentence denotes When treated with WZB-117, a pan-glucose transporter inhibitor, the cell growth was clearly attenuated.
TextSentencer_T1175 158507-158631 Sentence denotes We observed, by RT-PCR, that mRNAs of glucose transporter subtypes GLUT1 and 3 were dominantly expressed in canine melanoma.
T72735 158507-158631 Sentence denotes We observed, by RT-PCR, that mRNAs of glucose transporter subtypes GLUT1 and 3 were dominantly expressed in canine melanoma.
TextSentencer_T1176 158632-158704 Sentence denotes The protein expression of GLUT1 and 3 was confirmed by Western blotting.
T89525 158632-158704 Sentence denotes The protein expression of GLUT1 and 3 was confirmed by Western blotting.
TextSentencer_T1177 158705-158826 Sentence denotes We, then, investigated the contribution of GLUT subtypes on the cell growth by subtype-specific knockdown of GLUT1 and 3.
T18550 158705-158826 Sentence denotes We, then, investigated the contribution of GLUT subtypes on the cell growth by subtype-specific knockdown of GLUT1 and 3.
TextSentencer_T1178 158827-158914 Sentence denotes When the cells were transfected with GLUT1 and 3 siRNAs, the cell growth was inhibited.
T23166 158827-158914 Sentence denotes When the cells were transfected with GLUT1 and 3 siRNAs, the cell growth was inhibited.
TextSentencer_T1179 158915-159164 Sentence denotes We also observed that the expression of proliferation marker Ki67 was inhibited in GLUT3 knockdown cells, whereas the inhibition was less in GLUT1 knockdown cells, hence suggesting that GLUT3 dominantly contributes to cell growth in canine melanoma.
T18663 158915-159164 Sentence denotes We also observed that the expression of proliferation marker Ki67 was inhibited in GLUT3 knockdown cells, whereas the inhibition was less in GLUT1 knockdown cells, hence suggesting that GLUT3 dominantly contributes to cell growth in canine melanoma.
TextSentencer_T1180 159165-159342 Sentence denotes In conclusion, it is likely that glucose transporter is a promising therapeutic target for canine melanoma. plasma with and without Mg, data were analyzed using a paired t-test.
T25836 159165-159342 Sentence denotes In conclusion, it is likely that glucose transporter is a promising therapeutic target for canine melanoma. plasma with and without Mg, data were analyzed using a paired t-test.
TextSentencer_T1181 159343-159386 Sentence denotes Significance was set at the P < 0.05 level.
T91857 159343-159386 Sentence denotes Significance was set at the P < 0.05 level.
TextSentencer_T1182 159387-159428 Sentence denotes Blood samples from 15 dogs were included.
T11927 159387-159428 Sentence denotes Blood samples from 15 dogs were included.
TextSentencer_T1183 159429-159532 Sentence denotes Cortisol and T4 values were significantly different between plasma and serum samples (both without Mg).
T73247 159429-159532 Sentence denotes Cortisol and T4 values were significantly different between plasma and serum samples (both without Mg).
TextSentencer_T1184 159533-159674 Sentence denotes For cortisol and T4, concentrations measured in EDTA plasma were 34% and 45% higher than in serum samples, respectively (P < 0.001 for both).
T44844 159533-159674 Sentence denotes For cortisol and T4, concentrations measured in EDTA plasma were 34% and 45% higher than in serum samples, respectively (P < 0.001 for both).
TextSentencer_T1185 159675-159812 Sentence denotes The addition of Mg to plasma significantly decreased the measured cortisol and T4 concentrations (P < 0.001 and P = 0.016, respectively).
T98005 159675-159812 Sentence denotes The addition of Mg to plasma significantly decreased the measured cortisol and T4 concentrations (P < 0.001 and P = 0.016, respectively).
TextSentencer_T1186 159813-160060 Sentence denotes After addition of Mg, the cortisol concentrations measured in EDTA plasma were no longer significantly different from those measured in serum; however, for T4, the concentrations measured in EDTA plasma remained significantly different from serum.
T25825 159813-160060 Sentence denotes After addition of Mg, the cortisol concentrations measured in EDTA plasma were no longer significantly different from those measured in serum; however, for T4, the concentrations measured in EDTA plasma remained significantly different from serum.
TextSentencer_T1187 160061-160171 Sentence denotes Use of EDTA plasma significantly increases the measured concentration of cortisol and T4 obtained by Immulite.
T86021 160061-160171 Sentence denotes Use of EDTA plasma significantly increases the measured concentration of cortisol and T4 obtained by Immulite.
TextSentencer_T1188 160172-160274 Sentence denotes Addition of Mg to plasma samples can overcome the effects of EDTA when measuring cortisol, but not T4.
T92644 160172-160274 Sentence denotes Addition of Mg to plasma samples can overcome the effects of EDTA when measuring cortisol, but not T4.
TextSentencer_T1189 160275-160391 Sentence denotes Thus, EDTA plasma can be used to maximize cortisol stability if Mg is added to the sample before assay via Immulite.
T94033 160275-160391 Sentence denotes Thus, EDTA plasma can be used to maximize cortisol stability if Mg is added to the sample before assay via Immulite.
TextSentencer_T1190 160392-160466 Sentence denotes Osmotic diuresis is considered the cause of polyuria in diabetes mellitus.
T98060 160392-160466 Sentence denotes Osmotic diuresis is considered the cause of polyuria in diabetes mellitus.
TextSentencer_T1191 160467-160664 Sentence denotes However, people with a mutation in the renal sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, and diabetic patients treated with drugs that block this transporter (SGLT2i) have profound glycosuria without polyuria.
T40462 160467-160664 Sentence denotes However, people with a mutation in the renal sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, and diabetic patients treated with drugs that block this transporter (SGLT2i) have profound glycosuria without polyuria.
TextSentencer_T1192 160665-160766 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to determine if isolated renal glycosuria will induce polyuria in cats.
T33646 160665-160766 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to determine if isolated renal glycosuria will induce polyuria in cats.
TextSentencer_T1193 160767-160832 Sentence denotes The study was approved by the University Animal Ethics Committee.
T30485 160767-160832 Sentence denotes The study was approved by the University Animal Ethics Committee.
TextSentencer_T1194 160833-161078 Sentence denotes The study consisted of four, 5-day study periods separated by 7-day washout periods, in which eight healthy male cats were randomly allocated to control or treatment with 10mg of dapagliflozin (SGLT2i) once daily based on a previous pilot study.
T44980 160833-161078 Sentence denotes The study consisted of four, 5-day study periods separated by 7-day washout periods, in which eight healthy male cats were randomly allocated to control or treatment with 10mg of dapagliflozin (SGLT2i) once daily based on a previous pilot study.
TextSentencer_T1195 161079-161212 Sentence denotes In each of the four 5-day study periods, we recorded daily food and water intake and urine output, and a urine aliquot was collected.
T73226 161079-161212 Sentence denotes In each of the four 5-day study periods, we recorded daily food and water intake and urine output, and a urine aliquot was collected.
TextSentencer_T1196 161213-161278 Sentence denotes Blood was obtained at the beginning and end of each study period.
T14138 161213-161278 Sentence denotes Blood was obtained at the beginning and end of each study period.
TextSentencer_T1197 161279-161420 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed with a linear mixed-effect model that included treatment and day-oftreatment as fixed effects, and cat as a random effect.
T11056 161279-161420 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed with a linear mixed-effect model that included treatment and day-oftreatment as fixed effects, and cat as a random effect.
TextSentencer_T1198 161421-161462 Sentence denotes Statistical significance was set at 0.05.
T98573 161421-161462 Sentence denotes Statistical significance was set at 0.05.
TextSentencer_T1199 161463-161571 Sentence denotes Dapagliflozin induced a 566-fold increase in urine glucose loss (41.0 ± 12.6 mmol/d vs. 0.07 ± 0.15 mmol/d).
T11854 161463-161571 Sentence denotes Dapagliflozin induced a 566-fold increase in urine glucose loss (41.0 ± 12.6 mmol/d vs. 0.07 ± 0.15 mmol/d).
TextSentencer_T1200 161572-161675 Sentence denotes There were no differences in daily urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride between groups.
T16110 161572-161675 Sentence denotes There were no differences in daily urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride between groups.
TextSentencer_T1201 161676-161811 Sentence denotes Also, there were no differences in water intake (259 vs. 282 mL), body weight (4320 vs. 4321 g), and urine production (231 vs. 190 mL).
T19737 161676-161811 Sentence denotes Also, there were no differences in water intake (259 vs. 282 mL), body weight (4320 vs. 4321 g), and urine production (231 vs. 190 mL).
TextSentencer_T1202 161812-161975 Sentence denotes These results call in to question the generally accepted hypothesis that glycosuria-induced osmotic diuresis is the primary cause of polyuria in diabetes mellitus.
T19989 161812-161975 Sentence denotes These results call in to question the generally accepted hypothesis that glycosuria-induced osmotic diuresis is the primary cause of polyuria in diabetes mellitus.
TextSentencer_T1203 161976-162226 Sentence denotes Of note, in adulthood in both species, the expression of PAX4 has been shown to contribute to reprogramming of exocrine cells and α-cells into insulin-producing β-cells; induction of ARX expression in β-cells leads them to reprogramming into α-cells.
T38081 161976-162226 Sentence denotes Of note, in adulthood in both species, the expression of PAX4 has been shown to contribute to reprogramming of exocrine cells and α-cells into insulin-producing β-cells; induction of ARX expression in β-cells leads them to reprogramming into α-cells.
TextSentencer_T1204 162227-162450 Sentence denotes We recently discovered that diabetic cats have an increased number of cells in the exocrine pancreas that stain positive for a marker of proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PCNA), in particular nearby islets.
T34317 162227-162450 Sentence denotes We recently discovered that diabetic cats have an increased number of cells in the exocrine pancreas that stain positive for a marker of proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PCNA), in particular nearby islets.
TextSentencer_T1205 162451-162590 Sentence denotes Because proliferation increases reprogramming efficiency in rodents, we hypothesized that these cells may anticipate reprogramming in cats.
T10645 162451-162590 Sentence denotes Because proliferation increases reprogramming efficiency in rodents, we hypothesized that these cells may anticipate reprogramming in cats.
TextSentencer_T1206 162591-162785 Sentence denotes Aim of the study was to test if diabetic cats have an increased number of cells in the endocrine and exocrine pancreas expressing developmental markers of βand α-cells, suggesting reprogramming.
T13025 162591-162785 Sentence denotes Aim of the study was to test if diabetic cats have an increased number of cells in the endocrine and exocrine pancreas expressing developmental markers of βand α-cells, suggesting reprogramming.
TextSentencer_T1207 162786-162951 Sentence denotes In 9 diabetic and 9 well-matched control cats, the pancreas was col- Toujeo® is more predictable and longer-acting compared to glargine 100 U/ml (Lantus®) in people.
T23927 162786-162951 Sentence denotes In 9 diabetic and 9 well-matched control cats, the pancreas was col- Toujeo® is more predictable and longer-acting compared to glargine 100 U/ml (Lantus®) in people.
TextSentencer_T1208 162952-163061 Sentence denotes The duration of action of Tresiba® is over 40 hours which allows a flexible daily schedule of administration.
T33131 162952-163061 Sentence denotes The duration of action of Tresiba® is over 40 hours which allows a flexible daily schedule of administration.
TextSentencer_T1209 163062-163165 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that Tresiba® would have longer duration of action compared to Toujeo® in healthy cats.
T18362 163062-163165 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that Tresiba® would have longer duration of action compared to Toujeo® in healthy cats.
TextSentencer_T1210 163166-163296 Sentence denotes Six healthy purpose-bred cats, each received 0.4 U/kg SQ injections of Tresiba® and Toujeo® on two different days, > 1 week apart.
T38219 163166-163296 Sentence denotes Six healthy purpose-bred cats, each received 0.4 U/kg SQ injections of Tresiba® and Toujeo® on two different days, > 1 week apart.
TextSentencer_T1211 163297-163468 Sentence denotes Blood glucose (BG) was measured every 5 min and glucose was administered intravenously at a variable rate with the goal of maintaining BG = 85 mg/dL ("isoglycemic clamp").
T33620 163297-163468 Sentence denotes Blood glucose (BG) was measured every 5 min and glucose was administered intravenously at a variable rate with the goal of maintaining BG = 85 mg/dL ("isoglycemic clamp").
TextSentencer_T1212 163469-163541 Sentence denotes Glucose infusion rate was used as a measure of exogenous insulin action.
T9544 163469-163541 Sentence denotes Glucose infusion rate was used as a measure of exogenous insulin action.
TextSentencer_T1213 163542-163664 Sentence denotes The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess normality and normally distributed parameters were compared using paired t-tests.
T39260 163542-163664 Sentence denotes The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess normality and normally distributed parameters were compared using paired t-tests.
TextSentencer_T1214 163665-164004 Sentence denotes Onset of action (T OA ) was similar (79 ± 27 min for Toujeo®, 60 ± 21 min for Tresiba®, P = 0.3) but the end of action (T EA ) and duration of action (T DUR = T EA -T OA ) were longer for Toujeo® vs. Tresiba® (T DUR = 828 ± 130 min vs. 620 ± 148 min, respectively, P = 0.04; T EA = 907 ± 135 min vs. 679 ± 127 min, respectively, P = 0.03).
T25300 163665-164004 Sentence denotes Onset of action (T OA ) was similar (79 ± 27 min for Toujeo®, 60 ± 21 min for Tresiba®, P = 0.3) but the end of action (T EA ) and duration of action (T DUR = T EA -T OA ) were longer for Toujeo® vs. Tresiba® (T DUR = 828 ± 130 min vs. 620 ± 148 min, respectively, P = 0.04; T EA = 907 ± 135 min vs. 679 ± 127 min, respectively, P = 0.03).
TextSentencer_T1215 164005-164078 Sentence denotes There were no other significant differences between the two formulations.
T57608 164005-164078 Sentence denotes There were no other significant differences between the two formulations.
TextSentencer_T1216 164079-164223 Sentence denotes Based on these preliminary data, Toujeo® is longer-acting and therefore better suited than Tresiba® as a once-daily insulin formulation in cats.
T72167 164079-164223 Sentence denotes Based on these preliminary data, Toujeo® is longer-acting and therefore better suited than Tresiba® as a once-daily insulin formulation in cats.
TextSentencer_T1217 164224-164259 Sentence denotes Jean-Sébastien Palerme 1 , Laura R.
T29438 164224-164259 Sentence denotes Jean-Sébastien Palerme 1 , Laura R.
TextSentencer_T1218 164260-164589 Sentence denotes Van Vertloo 2 1 Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA, 2 Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA Renal proteinuria has been associated with both subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism in people; however, little is known about the effect of renal proteinuria on the thyroid status of companion animals.
T83017 164260-164589 Sentence denotes Van Vertloo 2 1 Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA, 2 Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA Renal proteinuria has been associated with both subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism in people; however, little is known about the effect of renal proteinuria on the thyroid status of companion animals.
TextSentencer_T1219 164590-164803 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to determine if thyroid status, assessed by total T4 (TT4), free T4 (fT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), differed between ill dogs that were proteinuric versus nonproteinuric.
T86900 164590-164803 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to determine if thyroid status, assessed by total T4 (TT4), free T4 (fT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), differed between ill dogs that were proteinuric versus nonproteinuric.
TextSentencer_T1220 164804-164996 Sentence denotes Ill proteinuric dogs, defined by a urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPC) > 1 with negative urine culture, and ill non-proteinuric dogs were prospectively enrolled in this cross-sectional study.
T77238 164804-164996 Sentence denotes Ill proteinuric dogs, defined by a urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPC) > 1 with negative urine culture, and ill non-proteinuric dogs were prospectively enrolled in this cross-sectional study.
TextSentencer_T1221 164997-165170 Sentence denotes All dogs underwent physical examination, complete blood count, serum chemistry, urinalysis, and thyroid panel; urine from proteinuric dogs was submitted for culture and UPC.
T53771 164997-165170 Sentence denotes All dogs underwent physical examination, complete blood count, serum chemistry, urinalysis, and thyroid panel; urine from proteinuric dogs was submitted for culture and UPC.
TextSentencer_T1222 165171-165298 Sentence denotes Descriptive statistics and student';s t-tests were used to determine differences between groups, with significance of p < 0.05.
T65833 165171-165298 Sentence denotes Descriptive statistics and student';s t-tests were used to determine differences between groups, with significance of p < 0.05.
TextSentencer_T1223 165299-165389 Sentence denotes Twenty-two ill proteinuric dogs and 8 ill non-proteinuric dogs were enrolled in the study.
T51682 165299-165389 Sentence denotes Twenty-two ill proteinuric dogs and 8 ill non-proteinuric dogs were enrolled in the study.
TextSentencer_T1224 165390-165536 Sentence denotes Serum total protein concentrations were higher in non-proteinuric dogs (p =0.015), though albumin levels did not differ between groups (p = 0.06).
T71056 165390-165536 Sentence denotes Serum total protein concentrations were higher in non-proteinuric dogs (p =0.015), though albumin levels did not differ between groups (p = 0.06).
TextSentencer_T1225 165537-165595 Sentence denotes Median UPC for proteinuric dogs was 5.1 (range 1.9 -16.5).
T36793 165537-165595 Sentence denotes Median UPC for proteinuric dogs was 5.1 (range 1.9 -16.5).
TextSentencer_T1226 165596-165715 Sentence denotes Interestingly, proteinuric dogs had a significantly higher mean serum cholesterol than non-proteinuric dogs (p = 0.04).
T65834 165596-165715 Sentence denotes Interestingly, proteinuric dogs had a significantly higher mean serum cholesterol than non-proteinuric dogs (p = 0.04).
TextSentencer_T1227 165716-165916 Sentence denotes No significant difference in mean TT4 (p = 0.403) or fT4 (p = 0.396) was found between proteinuric and non-proteinuric dogs; however, mean TSH was significantly higher in proteinuric dogs (p = 0.002).
T36364 165716-165916 Sentence denotes No significant difference in mean TT4 (p = 0.403) or fT4 (p = 0.396) was found between proteinuric and non-proteinuric dogs; however, mean TSH was significantly higher in proteinuric dogs (p = 0.002).
TextSentencer_T1228 165917-166059 Sentence denotes These results suggest that renal proteinuria influences thyroid homeostasis and should be considered when interpreting thyroid status of dogs.
T17204 165917-166059 Sentence denotes These results suggest that renal proteinuria influences thyroid homeostasis and should be considered when interpreting thyroid status of dogs.
TextSentencer_T1229 166060-166231 Sentence denotes The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulation test has been used to assess thyroid reserve in studies of hypothyroid dogs, however limited data are available for cats.
T53640 166060-166231 Sentence denotes The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulation test has been used to assess thyroid reserve in studies of hypothyroid dogs, however limited data are available for cats.
TextSentencer_T1230 166232-166384 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of mild to moderate concurrent illness on the response of euthyroid cats to the TSH stimulation test.
T46608 166232-166384 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of mild to moderate concurrent illness on the response of euthyroid cats to the TSH stimulation test.
TextSentencer_T1231 166385-166470 Sentence denotes This was a prospective study of 35 client-owned and shelter-housed mature adult cats.
T92815 166385-166470 Sentence denotes This was a prospective study of 35 client-owned and shelter-housed mature adult cats.
TextSentencer_T1232 166471-166716 Sentence denotes A full examination including systolic blood pressure, routine hematology, biochemistry and urinalysis, measurement of urine protein-creatinine ratio, total thyroxine (tT4), free thyroxine (fT4) and TSH, and a TSH stimulation test were performed.
T43896 166471-166716 Sentence denotes A full examination including systolic blood pressure, routine hematology, biochemistry and urinalysis, measurement of urine protein-creatinine ratio, total thyroxine (tT4), free thyroxine (fT4) and TSH, and a TSH stimulation test were performed.
TextSentencer_T1233 166717-166830 Sentence denotes Cats thought to be 7 years or older were recruited, however the age of shelter cats could not always be verified.
T14874 166717-166830 Sentence denotes Cats thought to be 7 years or older were recruited, however the age of shelter cats could not always be verified.
TextSentencer_T1234 166831-166914 Sentence denotes Hospitalized cats and cats receiving thyroid-suppressive medications were excluded.
T26684 166831-166914 Sentence denotes Hospitalized cats and cats receiving thyroid-suppressive medications were excluded.
TextSentencer_T1235 166915-167305 Sentence denotes Cats were divided into 3 groups based on their physical examination and laboratory results: group 0 (no concurrent illness detected), group 1 (mild concurrent illness e.g. moderate dental disease or stable IRIS stage II chronic kidney disease) and group 2 (moderate concurrent illness e.g. untreated moderate to severe hypertension, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria and/or hypokalemia).
T91918 166915-167305 Sentence denotes Cats were divided into 3 groups based on their physical examination and laboratory results: group 0 (no concurrent illness detected), group 1 (mild concurrent illness e.g. moderate dental disease or stable IRIS stage II chronic kidney disease) and group 2 (moderate concurrent illness e.g. untreated moderate to severe hypertension, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria and/or hypokalemia).
TextSentencer_T1236 167306-167345 Sentence denotes Results are reported as median (range).
T14038 167306-167345 Sentence denotes Results are reported as median (range).
TextSentencer_T1237 167346-167536 Sentence denotes Post-TSH tT4 concentrations (post-tT4) and the ratio of tT4 concentrations before and after TSH administration (tT4 ratio) were compared between the 3 groups using the Kruskal Wallis H-test.
T77918 167346-167536 Sentence denotes Post-TSH tT4 concentrations (post-tT4) and the ratio of tT4 concentrations before and after TSH administration (tT4 ratio) were compared between the 3 groups using the Kruskal Wallis H-test.
TextSentencer_T1238 167537-167592 Sentence denotes Twelve cats were owned and 23 cats were shelter-housed.
T21789 167537-167592 Sentence denotes Twelve cats were owned and 23 cats were shelter-housed.
TextSentencer_T1239 167593-167690 Sentence denotes Two shelter-housed cats were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and excluded from further evaluation.
T7996 167593-167690 Sentence denotes Two shelter-housed cats were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and excluded from further evaluation.
TextSentencer_T1240 167691-167749 Sentence denotes In the remaining 33 cats, baseline tT4 was 25.9nmol/l (17.
T45933 167691-167749 Sentence denotes In the remaining 33 cats, baseline tT4 was 25.9nmol/l (17.
TextSentencer_T1241 167750-167830 Sentence denotes 2-39.3), post-tT4 was 64.4nmol/l (29.4-102) and tT4 ratio was 2.41 (1.56-3.95 ).
T66366 167750-167830 Sentence denotes 2-39.3), post-tT4 was 64.4nmol/l (29.4-102) and tT4 ratio was 2.41 (1.56-3.95 ).
TextSentencer_T1242 167831-168063 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in post-tT4 or tT4 ratio between the 3 groups (group 0, n=8; group 1, n=16; group 2, n=9), therefore no effect of mildmoderate illness on the TSH stimulation test results in this study.
T48925 167831-168063 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in post-tT4 or tT4 ratio between the 3 groups (group 0, n=8; group 1, n=16; group 2, n=9), therefore no effect of mildmoderate illness on the TSH stimulation test results in this study.
TextSentencer_T1243 168064-168227 Sentence denotes In conclusion, diabetic cats have erythrocytes with increased protein oxidation byproducts and reduced antioxidant capacity, suggesting increased oxidative stress.
T97193 168064-168227 Sentence denotes In conclusion, diabetic cats have erythrocytes with increased protein oxidation byproducts and reduced antioxidant capacity, suggesting increased oxidative stress.
TextSentencer_T1244 168228-168385 Sentence denotes Because oxidative status was not ameliorated by treatment, it is possible that oxidative stress is persistent or needs longer treatment duration to decrease.
T13834 168228-168385 Sentence denotes Because oxidative status was not ameliorated by treatment, it is possible that oxidative stress is persistent or needs longer treatment duration to decrease.
TextSentencer_T1245 168386-168450 Sentence denotes The reason behind reduced TBAR in diabetic cats remains elusive.
T86921 168386-168450 Sentence denotes The reason behind reduced TBAR in diabetic cats remains elusive.
TextSentencer_T1246 168451-168533 Sentence denotes Lastly, oxidative status is not different between cats with and without remission.
T68567 168451-168533 Sentence denotes Lastly, oxidative status is not different between cats with and without remission.
TextSentencer_T1247 168534-168638 Sentence denotes Hospital population cats with DKA were enrolled into a randomized, prospective, blinded, clinical trial.
T4320 168534-168638 Sentence denotes Hospital population cats with DKA were enrolled into a randomized, prospective, blinded, clinical trial.
TextSentencer_T1248 168639-168798 Sentence denotes Cats with blood glucose (BG) > 300mg/dL, glucosuria, blood pH < 7.35 but > 7.0, and a blood betahydroxybutyrate (BOHB) concentration > 2.0mmol/L were enrolled.
T32350 168639-168798 Sentence denotes Cats with blood glucose (BG) > 300mg/dL, glucosuria, blood pH < 7.35 but > 7.0, and a blood betahydroxybutyrate (BOHB) concentration > 2.0mmol/L were enrolled.
TextSentencer_T1249 168799-168988 Sentence denotes Cats were randomly assigned to receive an IV continuous rate infusion of lispro or regular insulin administered at an initial dose of 0.09U/kg/ hr and adjusted as previously described (doi:
T76619 168799-168988 Sentence denotes Cats were randomly assigned to receive an IV continuous rate infusion of lispro or regular insulin administered at an initial dose of 0.09U/kg/ hr and adjusted as previously described (doi:
TextSentencer_T1250 168989-169008 Sentence denotes 10.1111/vec.12298).
T84517 168989-169008 Sentence denotes 10.1111/vec.12298).
TextSentencer_T1251 169009-169058 Sentence denotes Six cats were enrolled into each treatment group.
T5577 169009-169058 Sentence denotes Six cats were enrolled into each treatment group.
TextSentencer_T1252 169059-169136 Sentence denotes No adverse events were observed in association with IV lispro administration.
T73587 169059-169136 Sentence denotes No adverse events were observed in association with IV lispro administration.
TextSentencer_T1253 169137-169346 Sentence denotes The median time to resolution of hyperglycemia (BG < 250mg/dL) was significantly shorter in cats treated with lispro (7h [range 2-10h]) compared to cats treated with regular insulin (12.5h [8-20h] ; P = 0.02).
T58186 169137-169346 Sentence denotes The median time to resolution of hyperglycemia (BG < 250mg/dL) was significantly shorter in cats treated with lispro (7h [range 2-10h]) compared to cats treated with regular insulin (12.5h [8-20h] ; P = 0.02).
TextSentencer_T1254 169347-169529 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences in the median times to resolu- Bland-Altman plots and Passing-Bablok regression were used to assess agreement and risks for error, respectively.
T41427 169347-169529 Sentence denotes There were no significant differences in the median times to resolu- Bland-Altman plots and Passing-Bablok regression were used to assess agreement and risks for error, respectively.
TextSentencer_T1255 169530-169675 Sentence denotes Proportional errors were found between serum and plasma samples for ACTH, cortisol, TT4, FT4, and TSH; systematic errors were also found for FT4.
T67305 169530-169675 Sentence denotes Proportional errors were found between serum and plasma samples for ACTH, cortisol, TT4, FT4, and TSH; systematic errors were also found for FT4.
TextSentencer_T1256 169676-169790 Sentence denotes Results confirm significant differences between these sample types and that they are not directly interchangeable.
T50640 169676-169790 Sentence denotes Results confirm significant differences between these sample types and that they are not directly interchangeable.
TextSentencer_T1257 169791-169977 Sentence denotes Incompletely filled EDTA tubes are associated with significantly higher cortisol concentrations and significantly lower ACTH concentrations when compared to completely filled EDTA tubes.
T31461 169791-169977 Sentence denotes Incompletely filled EDTA tubes are associated with significantly higher cortisol concentrations and significantly lower ACTH concentrations when compared to completely filled EDTA tubes.
TextSentencer_T1258 169978-170150 Sentence denotes When measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay, serum should be used for cortisol, TT4, FT4, and TSH, while plasma from completely filled EDTA tubes should be used for ACTH.
T5655 169978-170150 Sentence denotes When measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay, serum should be used for cortisol, TT4, FT4, and TSH, while plasma from completely filled EDTA tubes should be used for ACTH.
TextSentencer_T1259 170151-170393 Sentence denotes Investigating the Effect of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Administration on Radioactive Iodine Uptake in Hyperthyroid Cats -Sponsored By Dechra Veterinary Products Hypoadrenocorticism in dogs is confirmed by performing an ACTH stimulation test.
T95249 170151-170393 Sentence denotes Investigating the Effect of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Administration on Radioactive Iodine Uptake in Hyperthyroid Cats -Sponsored By Dechra Veterinary Products Hypoadrenocorticism in dogs is confirmed by performing an ACTH stimulation test.
TextSentencer_T1260 170394-170591 Sentence denotes Although rare, hypoadrenocorticism is a differential diagnosis for many clinical and clinicopathological findings in canine patients, therefore a simple inexpensive way to rule it out is desirable.
T62380 170394-170591 Sentence denotes Although rare, hypoadrenocorticism is a differential diagnosis for many clinical and clinicopathological findings in canine patients, therefore a simple inexpensive way to rule it out is desirable.
TextSentencer_T1261 170592-170775 Sentence denotes A prospective study was performed to test the hypothesis that the urine cortisol:creatinine ratio (UCCR) is more specific than basal cortisol for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism.
T9916 170592-170775 Sentence denotes A prospective study was performed to test the hypothesis that the urine cortisol:creatinine ratio (UCCR) is more specific than basal cortisol for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism.
TextSentencer_T1262 170776-170935 Sentence denotes Client-owned dogs with clinical signs or clinicopathological abnormalities for which hypoadrenocorticism was a reasonable differential diagnosis were enrolled.
T95433 170776-170935 Sentence denotes Client-owned dogs with clinical signs or clinicopathological abnormalities for which hypoadrenocorticism was a reasonable differential diagnosis were enrolled.
TextSentencer_T1263 170936-171037 Sentence denotes Cases were excluded if they had received prior therapy with glucocorticoids, mitotane, or trilostane.
T42482 170936-171037 Sentence denotes Cases were excluded if they had received prior therapy with glucocorticoids, mitotane, or trilostane.
TextSentencer_T1264 171038-171123 Sentence denotes Urine for UCCR was obtained in all dogs prior to performing an ACTH stimulation test.
T13129 171038-171123 Sentence denotes Urine for UCCR was obtained in all dogs prior to performing an ACTH stimulation test.
TextSentencer_T1265 171124-171158 Sentence denotes A total of 135 dogs were enrolled.
T31174 171124-171158 Sentence denotes A total of 135 dogs were enrolled.
TextSentencer_T1266 171159-171306 Sentence denotes 5 dogs were diagnosed with hypoadrenocorticism (pre-and post-ACTH serum cortisol < 2.0 mcg/dL) and 130 dogs were diagnosed as non-hypoadrenal (NH).
T82081 171159-171306 Sentence denotes 5 dogs were diagnosed with hypoadrenocorticism (pre-and post-ACTH serum cortisol < 2.0 mcg/dL) and 130 dogs were diagnosed as non-hypoadrenal (NH).
TextSentencer_T1267 171307-171410 Sentence denotes UCCR ranged from 0 to 1 (RR:8-24) in the hypoadrenocorticism dogs, and from 4 to > 613 in the NH group.
T64203 171307-171410 Sentence denotes UCCR ranged from 0 to 1 (RR:8-24) in the hypoadrenocorticism dogs, and from 4 to > 613 in the NH group.
TextSentencer_T1268 171411-171466 Sentence denotes Basal cortisol ranged from ≤ 1 to 14.7 in the NH group.
T10963 171411-171466 Sentence denotes Basal cortisol ranged from ≤ 1 to 14.7 in the NH group.
TextSentencer_T1269 171467-171619 Sentence denotes For the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism, sensitivity and specificity of basal cortisol ≤ 1 or ≤ 2 were 100% and 93.1%, and 100% and 65.4% respectively.
T30293 171467-171619 Sentence denotes For the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism, sensitivity and specificity of basal cortisol ≤ 1 or ≤ 2 were 100% and 93.1%, and 100% and 65.4% respectively.
TextSentencer_T1270 171620-171723 Sentence denotes Using a cut-off of ≤ 3, UCCR was 100% sensitive and 100% specific for diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism.
T39330 171620-171723 Sentence denotes Using a cut-off of ≤ 3, UCCR was 100% sensitive and 100% specific for diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism.
TextSentencer_T1271 171724-171829 Sentence denotes UCCR is significantly more specific than basal cortisol ≤ 2 (p=0.0001) and basal cortisol ≤ 1 (p=0.0034).
T38360 171724-171829 Sentence denotes UCCR is significantly more specific than basal cortisol ≤ 2 (p=0.0001) and basal cortisol ≤ 1 (p=0.0034).
TextSentencer_T1272 171830-171950 Sentence denotes These results suggest that UCCR allows hypoadrenocorticism to be ruled out in more patients, compared to basal cortisol.
T13847 171830-171950 Sentence denotes These results suggest that UCCR allows hypoadrenocorticism to be ruled out in more patients, compared to basal cortisol.
TextSentencer_T1273 171951-172091 Sentence denotes The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the accuracy of Bayer Diastix® for detection of glucosuria in cat litter over 8 hours.
T18062 171951-172091 Sentence denotes The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the accuracy of Bayer Diastix® for detection of glucosuria in cat litter over 8 hours.
TextSentencer_T1274 172092-172257 Sentence denotes Glucose was added to previously frozen feline urine samples to achieve 90 urine samples with approximate glucose concentrations of 50, 125, 375, 750, and 1500 mg/dL.
T44894 172092-172257 Sentence denotes Glucose was added to previously frozen feline urine samples to achieve 90 urine samples with approximate glucose concentrations of 50, 125, 375, 750, and 1500 mg/dL.
TextSentencer_T1275 172258-172441 Sentence denotes For each sample, the pad that detects glucose was cut off from 3 Diastix® reagent strips, added to clay litter-filled Petri dishes and soaked with 3 drops of one of the urine samples.
T41399 172258-172441 Sentence denotes For each sample, the pad that detects glucose was cut off from 3 Diastix® reagent strips, added to clay litter-filled Petri dishes and soaked with 3 drops of one of the urine samples.
TextSentencer_T1276 172442-172981 Sentence denotes An estimate of the urine glucose concentration was determined by a trained, blinded observer by comparing the color change of the pieces to the color chart in the Diastix® package insert immediately, as per manu- A randomized crossover study using 8 healthy cats with a 14-day washout period was used to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine(10 μg/kg IV) and saline on glucose, lactate, cortisol, insulin, glucagon, and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations at baseline (t=0), and then 20, 60, 120, and 180 min post administration.
T90782 172442-172981 Sentence denotes An estimate of the urine glucose concentration was determined by a trained, blinded observer by comparing the color change of the pieces to the color chart in the Diastix® package insert immediately, as per manu- A randomized crossover study using 8 healthy cats with a 14-day washout period was used to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine(10 μg/kg IV) and saline on glucose, lactate, cortisol, insulin, glucagon, and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations at baseline (t=0), and then 20, 60, 120, and 180 min post administration.
TextSentencer_T1277 172982-173052 Sentence denotes Nonparametric distribution was established with the Shapiro-Wilk test.
T59378 172982-173052 Sentence denotes Nonparametric distribution was established with the Shapiro-Wilk test.
TextSentencer_T1278 173053-173141 Sentence denotes Comparisons between groups were performed with a Wilcoxon matched pair signed rank test.
T16779 173053-173141 Sentence denotes Comparisons between groups were performed with a Wilcoxon matched pair signed rank test.
TextSentencer_T1279 173142-173260 Sentence denotes Comparisons within groups were performed with a Friedman test using Dunn's multiple comparisons for post-hoc analyses.
T62041 173142-173260 Sentence denotes Comparisons within groups were performed with a Friedman test using Dunn's multiple comparisons for post-hoc analyses.
TextSentencer_T1280 173261-173431 Sentence denotes No significant differences were identified between groups, within the saline group, and within the dexmedetomidine group for insulin, cortisol and lactate concentrations.
T80810 173261-173431 Sentence denotes No significant differences were identified between groups, within the saline group, and within the dexmedetomidine group for insulin, cortisol and lactate concentrations.
TextSentencer_T1281 173432-174013 Sentence denotes Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed within the dexmedetomidine group: increased blood glucose concentration at 60 min (11.55, [5.9-16.6] , mmol/L) and 120 min (12, [6.1-13.8 ], mmol/L) compared to t=0 (6.05, [4.8-13.3] , mmol/L); decreased serum glucagon concentration at 120 min (3.8, [2.7-8.8 ], pg/mL) and 180 min (4.7, [2.1-8.2] , pg/mL) compared to t=0 (11.85 This prospective study investigated the veracity of a recent retrospective study, where we found a significant negative correlation between serum total thyroxine (TT4) and glucose concentrations in cats.
T34907 173432-174013 Sentence denotes Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed within the dexmedetomidine group: increased blood glucose concentration at 60 min (11.55, [5.9-16.6] , mmol/L) and 120 min (12, [6.1-13.8 ], mmol/L) compared to t=0 (6.05, [4.8-13.3] , mmol/L); decreased serum glucagon concentration at 120 min (3.8, [2.7-8.8 ], pg/mL) and 180 min (4.7, [2.1-8.2] , pg/mL) compared to t=0 (11.85 This prospective study investigated the veracity of a recent retrospective study, where we found a significant negative correlation between serum total thyroxine (TT4) and glucose concentrations in cats.
TextSentencer_T1282 174014-174188 Sentence denotes To that end, we used a naturally-occurring hyperthyroid cat model to determine the effect that a range of serum TT4 concentrations would have on serum glucose concentrations.
T66133 174014-174188 Sentence denotes To that end, we used a naturally-occurring hyperthyroid cat model to determine the effect that a range of serum TT4 concentrations would have on serum glucose concentrations.
TextSentencer_T1283 174189-174254 Sentence denotes The study was approved by the University Animal Ethics Committee.
T85712 174189-174254 Sentence denotes The study was approved by the University Animal Ethics Committee.
TextSentencer_T1284 174255-174443 Sentence denotes An apriori power analysis indicated that six cats per group would suffice to detect a difference of 15 ± 15 mg/dL on repeated measures of serum glucose on the same cat with a power of 0.8.
T9462 174255-174443 Sentence denotes An apriori power analysis indicated that six cats per group would suffice to detect a difference of 15 ± 15 mg/dL on repeated measures of serum glucose on the same cat with a power of 0.8.
TextSentencer_T1285 174444-174594 Sentence denotes Ten hyperthyroid cats were randomly allocated in a crossover design to receive treatment with a long-acting carbimazole or to have treatment withheld.
T24176 174444-174594 Sentence denotes Ten hyperthyroid cats were randomly allocated in a crossover design to receive treatment with a long-acting carbimazole or to have treatment withheld.
TextSentencer_T1286 174595-174705 Sentence denotes The experimental design consisted of four, 14-day study periods that were separated by 21-day washout periods.
T56156 174595-174705 Sentence denotes The experimental design consisted of four, 14-day study periods that were separated by 21-day washout periods.
TextSentencer_T1287 174706-174822 Sentence denotes We collected serum on days 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 of each of the four study periods and measured serum glucose and TT4.
T83928 174706-174822 Sentence denotes We collected serum on days 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 of each of the four study periods and measured serum glucose and TT4.
TextSentencer_T1288 174823-174939 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed with a linear mixed-effect model that included TT4 as a fixed effect, and cat as a random effect.
T5400 174823-174939 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed with a linear mixed-effect model that included TT4 as a fixed effect, and cat as a random effect.
TextSentencer_T1289 174940-174981 Sentence denotes Statistical significance was set at 0.05.
T40331 174940-174981 Sentence denotes Statistical significance was set at 0.05.
TextSentencer_T1290 174982-175117 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to determine peri-operative characteristics and outcome in cats undergoing surgical treatment for PHPT.
T48297 174982-175117 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to determine peri-operative characteristics and outcome in cats undergoing surgical treatment for PHPT.
TextSentencer_T1291 175118-175234 Sentence denotes This was a multi-institutional, retrospective study with medical record data collection and via telephone follow-up.
T74589 175118-175234 Sentence denotes This was a multi-institutional, retrospective study with medical record data collection and via telephone follow-up.
TextSentencer_T1292 175235-175336 Sentence denotes Cats undergoing surgical treatment and histopathological evaluation of resected tissue were included.
T13733 175235-175336 Sentence denotes Cats undergoing surgical treatment and histopathological evaluation of resected tissue were included.
TextSentencer_T1293 175337-175515 Sentence denotes Cats were divided into pre-operative ionized calcium (iCa) groups corresponding to the 33 rd , 67 th , and 100 th percentiles of the study population's pre-operative iCa results.
T48858 175337-175515 Sentence denotes Cats were divided into pre-operative ionized calcium (iCa) groups corresponding to the 33 rd , 67 th , and 100 th percentiles of the study population's pre-operative iCa results.
TextSentencer_T1294 175516-175559 Sentence denotes Thirty-two cats were included in the study.
T34370 175516-175559 Sentence denotes Thirty-two cats were included in the study.
TextSentencer_T1295 175560-175713 Sentence denotes Mean cat age was 13.3 ± 2.4 years and mean cat body weight was 4.9 ± 1.3 kg. iCa was above reference range in all cats (median 1.8 mmol/L (IQR 1.5,1.9)).
T31382 175560-175713 Sentence denotes Mean cat age was 13.3 ± 2.4 years and mean cat body weight was 4.9 ± 1.3 kg. iCa was above reference range in all cats (median 1.8 mmol/L (IQR 1.5,1.9)).
TextSentencer_T1296 175714-175821 Sentence denotes All cats underwent cervical exploratory surgery and abnormal tissue was identified and removed in all cats.
T46596 175714-175821 Sentence denotes All cats underwent cervical exploratory surgery and abnormal tissue was identified and removed in all cats.
TextSentencer_T1297 175822-176039 Sentence denotes Histopathologic diagnosis was parathyroid adenoma in 20/32 (62.5%) cats, parathyroid endocrine carcinoma in 7/32 (21.9%) cats, parathyroid hyperplasia in 3/32 (9.4%) cats, and parathyroid cystadenoma in 2 (6.3%) cats.
T67544 175822-176039 Sentence denotes Histopathologic diagnosis was parathyroid adenoma in 20/32 (62.5%) cats, parathyroid endocrine carcinoma in 7/32 (21.9%) cats, parathyroid hyperplasia in 3/32 (9.4%) cats, and parathyroid cystadenoma in 2 (6.3%) cats.
TextSentencer_T1298 176040-176176 Sentence denotes At discharge, 6/32 (18.8%) cats had hypercalcemia, 5/32 (15.6%) had hypocalcemia, and 21/32 (65.6%) cats had iCa within reference range.
T79036 176040-176176 Sentence denotes At discharge, 6/32 (18.8%) cats had hypercalcemia, 5/32 (15.6%) had hypocalcemia, and 21/32 (65.6%) cats had iCa within reference range.
TextSentencer_T1299 176177-176239 Sentence denotes Overall median survival time was 1109 days (95% CI 856 -1332).
T98012 176177-176239 Sentence denotes Overall median survival time was 1109 days (95% CI 856 -1332).
TextSentencer_T1300 176240-176446 Sentence denotes Survival time was not significantly associated with pre-operative iCa group (p = 0.139), hypocalcemia at discharge (p = 0.326), hypercalcemia at discharge (p = 0.955), or diagnosis of carcinoma (p = 0.930).
T76998 176240-176446 Sentence denotes Survival time was not significantly associated with pre-operative iCa group (p = 0.139), hypocalcemia at discharge (p = 0.326), hypercalcemia at discharge (p = 0.955), or diagnosis of carcinoma (p = 0.930).
TextSentencer_T1301 176447-176584 Sentence denotes In this cohort of cats, parathyroid adenoma was the most common cause of PHPT and surgical treatment results in favorable survival times.
T70450 176447-176584 Sentence denotes In this cohort of cats, parathyroid adenoma was the most common cause of PHPT and surgical treatment results in favorable survival times.
TextSentencer_T1302 176585-176710 Sentence denotes Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the changes in circulating AA concentrations in dogs with HAC.
T27714 176585-176710 Sentence denotes Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the changes in circulating AA concentrations in dogs with HAC.
TextSentencer_T1303 176711-176895 Sentence denotes Twenty-eight dogs newly diagnosed with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) were enrolled in this case-controlled study, and 6 healthy beagles were also included as controls.
T65325 176711-176895 Sentence denotes Twenty-eight dogs newly diagnosed with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) were enrolled in this case-controlled study, and 6 healthy beagles were also included as controls.
TextSentencer_T1304 176896-177222 Sentence denotes Serum concentrations of 21 AA (alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, taurine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine) were analyzed using a 600 MHz 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer.
T85395 176896-177222 Sentence denotes Serum concentrations of 21 AA (alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, taurine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine) were analyzed using a 600 MHz 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer.
TextSentencer_T1305 177223-177342 Sentence denotes Orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) plots showed a separation between PDH and healthy dogs.
T78271 177223-177342 Sentence denotes Orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) plots showed a separation between PDH and healthy dogs.
TextSentencer_T1306 177343-177571 Sentence denotes Dogs with PDH showed significant increases in median serum concentrations of arginine (P = 0.0039) and aspartate (P = 0.0123) but significant decreases in glutamine (P = 0.0127) and serine (P = 0.0287), compared to healthy dogs.
T16753 177343-177571 Sentence denotes Dogs with PDH showed significant increases in median serum concentrations of arginine (P = 0.0039) and aspartate (P = 0.0123) but significant decreases in glutamine (P = 0.0127) and serine (P = 0.0287), compared to healthy dogs.
TextSentencer_T1307 177572-177753 Sentence denotes Our study showed that circulating concentrations of some AA were affected in dogs with PDH, indicating that chronic hypercortisolemia may precipitate a disturbance in AA metabolism.
T69759 177572-177753 Sentence denotes Our study showed that circulating concentrations of some AA were affected in dogs with PDH, indicating that chronic hypercortisolemia may precipitate a disturbance in AA metabolism.
TextSentencer_T1308 177754-177877 Sentence denotes Further studies are necessary to clarify the association between AA profiles and consequences of hypercortisolemia in dogs.
T4290 177754-177877 Sentence denotes Further studies are necessary to clarify the association between AA profiles and consequences of hypercortisolemia in dogs.
TextSentencer_T1309 177878-177978 Sentence denotes Canine diabetes mellitus is a common disease that may have parallels to human type 1 diabetes (T1D).
T56004 177878-177978 Sentence denotes Canine diabetes mellitus is a common disease that may have parallels to human type 1 diabetes (T1D).
TextSentencer_T1310 177979-178162 Sentence denotes We recently identified variances in serum metabolomic profiles between fasted diabetic and healthy dogs, some having similarities to those previously identified in human T1D patients.
T43919 177979-178162 Sentence denotes We recently identified variances in serum metabolomic profiles between fasted diabetic and healthy dogs, some having similarities to those previously identified in human T1D patients.
TextSentencer_T1311 178163-178390 Sentence denotes Given that obtaining fasted samples in diabetic dogs can be difficult in practice, the purpose of this study was to expand these efforts to compare untargeted metabolomic profiles in nonfasted diabetic and healthy control dogs.
T61033 178163-178390 Sentence denotes Given that obtaining fasted samples in diabetic dogs can be difficult in practice, the purpose of this study was to expand these efforts to compare untargeted metabolomic profiles in nonfasted diabetic and healthy control dogs.
TextSentencer_T1312 178391-178520 Sentence denotes Serum from diabetic dogs (n=6) and healthy control dogs (n=6) were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling.
T29197 178391-178520 Sentence denotes Serum from diabetic dogs (n=6) and healthy control dogs (n=6) were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling.
TextSentencer_T1313 178521-178648 Sentence denotes Dogs were breed and/or body weight matched, and time of sample collection post-feeding was approximately matched between pairs.
T69000 178521-178648 Sentence denotes Dogs were breed and/or body weight matched, and time of sample collection post-feeding was approximately matched between pairs.
TextSentencer_T1314 178649-178765 Sentence denotes Metaboanalyst was utilized for data analysis to identify differences in metabolomic profiles between the two groups.
T47796 178649-178765 Sentence denotes Metaboanalyst was utilized for data analysis to identify differences in metabolomic profiles between the two groups.
TextSentencer_T1315 178766-178915 Sentence denotes Based on a heat map analysis of both known and unknown metabolites, clear clustering of metabolites between diabetic and control groups was observed.
T5439 178766-178915 Sentence denotes Based on a heat map analysis of both known and unknown metabolites, clear clustering of metabolites between diabetic and control groups was observed.
TextSentencer_T1316 178916-179112 Sentence denotes In diabetic dogs compared with healthy control dogs, many metabolites were significantly (P < 0.01) downregulated, including those involved in tryptophan metabolism as well as several amino acids.
T99222 178916-179112 Sentence denotes In diabetic dogs compared with healthy control dogs, many metabolites were significantly (P < 0.01) downregulated, including those involved in tryptophan metabolism as well as several amino acids.
TextSentencer_T1317 179113-179266 Sentence denotes Fewer metabolites were significantly (P < 0.01) upregulated and included microbial derived citramalate and the organic acid alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid.
T80587 179113-179266 Sentence denotes Fewer metabolites were significantly (P < 0.01) upregulated and included microbial derived citramalate and the organic acid alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid.
TextSentencer_T1318 179267-179394 Sentence denotes Multiple metabolic perturbations, including those listed above, were similar to those previously found in fasted diabetic dogs.
T39828 179267-179394 Sentence denotes Multiple metabolic perturbations, including those listed above, were similar to those previously found in fasted diabetic dogs.
TextSentencer_T1319 179395-179527 Sentence denotes In sum, metabolomic profiles differ between non-fasted diabetic and healthy dogs, with some parallels to those found in fasted dogs.
T69140 179395-179527 Sentence denotes In sum, metabolomic profiles differ between non-fasted diabetic and healthy dogs, with some parallels to those found in fasted dogs.
TextSentencer_T1320 179528-179610 Sentence denotes Metabolomic alterations may give insight into the pathogenesis of canine diabetes.
T1542 179528-179610 Sentence denotes Metabolomic alterations may give insight into the pathogenesis of canine diabetes.
TextSentencer_T1321 179611-179766 Sentence denotes Future studies to confirm these findings and develop targeted assays to detect metabolites that may be used as biomarkers of canine diabetes are warranted.
T77038 179611-179766 Sentence denotes Future studies to confirm these findings and develop targeted assays to detect metabolites that may be used as biomarkers of canine diabetes are warranted.
TextSentencer_T1322 179767-179898 Sentence denotes Some studies had shown serum cortisol concentration increases, and corticotropic hyperplasia due to environmental stressful agents.
T61520 179767-179898 Sentence denotes Some studies had shown serum cortisol concentration increases, and corticotropic hyperplasia due to environmental stressful agents.
TextSentencer_T1323 179899-179964 Sentence denotes This observation explains physiological effects caused by stress.
T19619 179899-179964 Sentence denotes This observation explains physiological effects caused by stress.
TextSentencer_T1324 179965-180144 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, few studies have tried to correlate chronic exposure to stress with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in dogs, and hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) development.
T18499 179965-180144 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, few studies have tried to correlate chronic exposure to stress with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in dogs, and hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) development.
TextSentencer_T1325 180145-180325 Sentence denotes The present work aimed to clarify whether dogs with pituitary-dependent HAC (PDH) were more exposed to stressful situations throughout their lives when compared to healthy animals.
T58816 180145-180325 Sentence denotes The present work aimed to clarify whether dogs with pituitary-dependent HAC (PDH) were more exposed to stressful situations throughout their lives when compared to healthy animals.
TextSentencer_T1326 180326-180473 Sentence denotes A 25-item questionnaire regarding temperament, socialization, social interaction, level of environmental enrichment and daily habits was developed.
T74556 180326-180473 Sentence denotes A 25-item questionnaire regarding temperament, socialization, social interaction, level of environmental enrichment and daily habits was developed.
TextSentencer_T1327 180474-180570 Sentence denotes Owners of both recently diagnosed PDH and healthy dogs were invited to answer the questionnaire.
T16139 180474-180570 Sentence denotes Owners of both recently diagnosed PDH and healthy dogs were invited to answer the questionnaire.
TextSentencer_T1328 180571-180630 Sentence denotes Twenty newly diagnosed PDH dogs were included in the study.
T4008 180571-180630 Sentence denotes Twenty newly diagnosed PDH dogs were included in the study.
TextSentencer_T1329 180631-180728 Sentence denotes Subjects were matched with forty healthy dogs (control group) by sex, age, and breed (1:2 ratio).
T74480 180631-180728 Sentence denotes Subjects were matched with forty healthy dogs (control group) by sex, age, and breed (1:2 ratio).
TextSentencer_T1330 180729-180873 Sentence denotes Exclusion criteria for the control group were: HAC suspicion, chronic glucocorticoid therapy, and glucocorticoid's exposure over the last month.
T63326 180729-180873 Sentence denotes Exclusion criteria for the control group were: HAC suspicion, chronic glucocorticoid therapy, and glucocorticoid's exposure over the last month.
TextSentencer_T1331 180874-181035 Sentence denotes Odds ratio estimates (OR) and 95% confident intervals (95% CI) were reported, and P-values less than, or equal to 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
T51395 180874-181035 Sentence denotes Odds ratio estimates (OR) and 95% confident intervals (95% CI) were reported, and P-values less than, or equal to 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
TextSentencer_T1332 181036-181119 Sentence denotes Dogs with HAC were more than ten times more exposed to neutering (OR = 11.4, 95%CI:
T75725 181036-181119 Sentence denotes Dogs with HAC were more than ten times more exposed to neutering (OR = 11.4, 95%CI:
TextSentencer_T1333 181120-181143 Sentence denotes 1,38 -94,06, P < 0,05).
T89522 181120-181143 Sentence denotes 1,38 -94,06, P < 0,05).
TextSentencer_T1334 181144-181318 Sentence denotes However, no other significantly correlation was found between social isolation, confinement, exposure to canned foods or plastic toys, phobias or separation anxiety, and HAC.
T27610 181144-181318 Sentence denotes However, no other significantly correlation was found between social isolation, confinement, exposure to canned foods or plastic toys, phobias or separation anxiety, and HAC.
TextSentencer_T1335 181319-181424 Sentence denotes Even variables under study considered potential stress relievers did not suggested any protective effect.
T22925 181319-181424 Sentence denotes Even variables under study considered potential stress relievers did not suggested any protective effect.
TextSentencer_T1336 181425-181684 Sentence denotes These results emphasize neutering as a potential risk-factor to HAC development and instigate further studies on possible mechanism behind. is used to evaluate pancreatic endocrine function and predict which patients will become diabetic after pancreatectomy.
T84709 181425-181684 Sentence denotes These results emphasize neutering as a potential risk-factor to HAC development and instigate further studies on possible mechanism behind. is used to evaluate pancreatic endocrine function and predict which patients will become diabetic after pancreatectomy.
TextSentencer_T1337 181685-181845 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to describe the CTA characteristics of the pancreas in cats with chronic DM and to compare those findings to healthy control cats.
T57733 181685-181845 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to describe the CTA characteristics of the pancreas in cats with chronic DM and to compare those findings to healthy control cats.
TextSentencer_T1338 181846-182001 Sentence denotes In this prospective cross-sectional study, 15 cats with naturally occurring DM present for > 1 year and 10 age matched, healthy control cats were utilized.
T76032 181846-182001 Sentence denotes In this prospective cross-sectional study, 15 cats with naturally occurring DM present for > 1 year and 10 age matched, healthy control cats were utilized.
TextSentencer_T1339 182002-182063 Sentence denotes Sedated CTA exams of the pancreas were performed in all cats.
T98295 182002-182063 Sentence denotes Sedated CTA exams of the pancreas were performed in all cats.
TextSentencer_T1340 182064-182256 Sentence denotes The time to arterial enhancement, time to peak portal enhancement, pancreatic attenuation and arterial to portal attenuation ratio (A:P) was determined in all cats and compared between groups.
T86905 182064-182256 Sentence denotes The time to arterial enhancement, time to peak portal enhancement, pancreatic attenuation and arterial to portal attenuation ratio (A:P) was determined in all cats and compared between groups.
TextSentencer_T1341 182257-182308 Sentence denotes A student t-test was used for statistical analyses.
T94949 182257-182308 Sentence denotes A student t-test was used for statistical analyses.
TextSentencer_T1342 182309-182469 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to examine BA metabolism in dogs with naturally-occurring DM and to relate these findings to changes in the intestinal microbiota.
T47556 182309-182469 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to examine BA metabolism in dogs with naturally-occurring DM and to relate these findings to changes in the intestinal microbiota.
TextSentencer_T1343 182470-182585 Sentence denotes Adult dogs with a clinical diagnosis of DM were prospectively enrolled along with age-matched healthy control dogs.
T6077 182470-182585 Sentence denotes Adult dogs with a clinical diagnosis of DM were prospectively enrolled along with age-matched healthy control dogs.
TextSentencer_T1344 182586-182676 Sentence denotes The fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene next-generation (Illumina) sequencing.
T93878 182586-182676 Sentence denotes The fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene next-generation (Illumina) sequencing.
TextSentencer_T1345 182677-182855 Sentence denotes Fecal concentrations of primary (cholic/chenodeoxycholic) and secondary (lithocholic/deoxycholic/ursodeoxycholic) BA were measured using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
T55459 182677-182855 Sentence denotes Fecal concentrations of primary (cholic/chenodeoxycholic) and secondary (lithocholic/deoxycholic/ursodeoxycholic) BA were measured using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
TextSentencer_T1346 182856-182898 Sentence denotes between healthy controls and dogs with DM.
T23740 182856-182898 Sentence denotes between healthy controls and dogs with DM.
TextSentencer_T1347 182899-182944 Sentence denotes Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
T56357 182899-182944 Sentence denotes Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
TextSentencer_T1348 182945-183001 Sentence denotes Ten diabetic dogs and 10 healthy controls were enrolled.
T93633 182945-183001 Sentence denotes Ten diabetic dogs and 10 healthy controls were enrolled.
TextSentencer_T1349 183002-183083 Sentence denotes Fecal microbial diversity was lower in DM dogs when compared to healthy controls.
T31734 183002-183083 Sentence denotes Fecal microbial diversity was lower in DM dogs when compared to healthy controls.
TextSentencer_T1350 183084-183189 Sentence denotes PCA based on unweighted Unifrac distance metric did not reveal significant clustering between dog groups.
T39464 183084-183189 Sentence denotes PCA based on unweighted Unifrac distance metric did not reveal significant clustering between dog groups.
TextSentencer_T1351 183190-183326 Sentence denotes However, linear discriminate analysis effects size (LEfSe) detected 27 differentially abundant bacterial taxa (a= 0.01, LDA score >2.0).
T61883 183190-183326 Sentence denotes However, linear discriminate analysis effects size (LEfSe) detected 27 differentially abundant bacterial taxa (a= 0.01, LDA score >2.0).
TextSentencer_T1352 183327-183501 Sentence denotes While Gammaproteobacteria was overrepresented, Erysipelotrichia, Clostridia, and Bacteroidia were underrepresented in DM dogs compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05 for all).
T28572 183327-183501 Sentence denotes While Gammaproteobacteria was overrepresented, Erysipelotrichia, Clostridia, and Bacteroidia were underrepresented in DM dogs compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05 for all).
TextSentencer_T1353 183502-183649 Sentence denotes Total primary BA were increased in DM dogs compared with healthy controls (P = 0.03) and lithocholic acid was decreased (P < 0.05) in dogs with DM.
T54833 183502-183649 Sentence denotes Total primary BA were increased in DM dogs compared with healthy controls (P = 0.03) and lithocholic acid was decreased (P < 0.05) in dogs with DM.
TextSentencer_T1354 183650-183745 Sentence denotes Results indicate that dogs with DM have both intestinal dysbiosis and associated BA alteration.
T48890 183650-183745 Sentence denotes Results indicate that dogs with DM have both intestinal dysbiosis and associated BA alteration.
TextSentencer_T1355 183746-183840 Sentence denotes The pattern of dysbiosis and altered BA composition is similar to that seen in humans with DM.
T71035 183746-183840 Sentence denotes The pattern of dysbiosis and altered BA composition is similar to that seen in humans with DM.
TextSentencer_T1356 183841-184246 Sentence denotes Further investigation is necessary to determine whether dysbiosis is a cause or consequence of DM and whether it is associated with poor glycemic control. were to evaluate the diagnostic utility of IHC and clonality testing for the diagnosis of IBD and LSA in cats, to assess the level of agreement between EB samples from the USI and LSI, and to determine the diagnostic utility of procuring LSI samples.
T53150 183841-184246 Sentence denotes Further investigation is necessary to determine whether dysbiosis is a cause or consequence of DM and whether it is associated with poor glycemic control. were to evaluate the diagnostic utility of IHC and clonality testing for the diagnosis of IBD and LSA in cats, to assess the level of agreement between EB samples from the USI and LSI, and to determine the diagnostic utility of procuring LSI samples.
TextSentencer_T1357 184247-184439 Sentence denotes A total of 62 cats with CE (gastrointestinal signs of > 3 weeks duration) were retrospectively (n = 19) and prospectively (n = 43) enrolled at the Veterinary Specialty Hospital, San Diego, CA.
T55570 184247-184439 Sentence denotes A total of 62 cats with CE (gastrointestinal signs of > 3 weeks duration) were retrospectively (n = 19) and prospectively (n = 43) enrolled at the Veterinary Specialty Hospital, San Diego, CA.
TextSentencer_T1358 184440-184516 Sentence denotes All cats had UGE and LGE performed with EB samples obtained from both sites.
T37919 184440-184516 Sentence denotes All cats had UGE and LGE performed with EB samples obtained from both sites.
TextSentencer_T1359 184517-184697 Sentence denotes All cases were retrospectively or prospectively reviewed by a single board-certified pathologist (MRA) and were then categorized as "IBD", "possible LSA", "probable LSA", or "LSA".
T72131 184517-184697 Sentence denotes All cases were retrospectively or prospectively reviewed by a single board-certified pathologist (MRA) and were then categorized as "IBD", "possible LSA", "probable LSA", or "LSA".
TextSentencer_T1360 184698-184781 Sentence denotes Samples were also submitted for IHC and clonality testing, as previously described.
T78311 184698-184781 Sentence denotes Samples were also submitted for IHC and clonality testing, as previously described.
TextSentencer_T1361 184782-184891 Sentence denotes Based on HE staining alone, 41/62 cats (66.1%) were classified as having IBD and 21/62 (33.9%) as having LSA.
T59896 184782-184891 Sentence denotes Based on HE staining alone, 41/62 cats (66.1%) were classified as having IBD and 21/62 (33.9%) as having LSA.
TextSentencer_T1362 184892-185015 Sentence denotes After consideration of IHC and clonality, 13/62 cats were classified as having IBD (21.0%) and 49/62 as having LSA (79.0%).
T5137 184892-185015 Sentence denotes After consideration of IHC and clonality, 13/62 cats were classified as having IBD (21.0%) and 49/62 as having LSA (79.0%).
TextSentencer_T1363 185016-185245 Sentence denotes Thirteen of 26 cases (50.0%) diagnosed as "IBD" and 15/15 cases (100%) diagnosed as "possible LSA" or "probable LSA" based on HE staining alone were subsequently diagnosed with LSA after the addition of IHC and clonality testing.
T66144 185016-185245 Sentence denotes Thirteen of 26 cases (50.0%) diagnosed as "IBD" and 15/15 cases (100%) diagnosed as "possible LSA" or "probable LSA" based on HE staining alone were subsequently diagnosed with LSA after the addition of IHC and clonality testing.
TextSentencer_T1364 185246-185575 Sentence denotes Using Cohen';s Kappa statistic (k), agreement between USI and LSI samples was moderate (k = 0.65) based on HE staining alone, and also moder- Six healthy adult research beagles with a subclinical Giardia spp. infection and a C. canis co-infection were administered FPP as directed by the manufacturer by mouth, daily, for 3 days.
T12995 185246-185575 Sentence denotes Using Cohen';s Kappa statistic (k), agreement between USI and LSI samples was moderate (k = 0.65) based on HE staining alone, and also moder- Six healthy adult research beagles with a subclinical Giardia spp. infection and a C. canis co-infection were administered FPP as directed by the manufacturer by mouth, daily, for 3 days.
TextSentencer_T1365 185576-185765 Sentence denotes Fecal samples were collected 7 and 3 days before FPP (days -7 and -3), on the first day of administration (day 0), and 4, 14, and 21 days after the start of administration (days 4, 14, 21).
T75732 185576-185765 Sentence denotes Fecal samples were collected 7 and 3 days before FPP (days -7 and -3), on the first day of administration (day 0), and 4, 14, and 21 days after the start of administration (days 4, 14, 21).
TextSentencer_T1366 185766-186022 Sentence denotes Fecal DNA was extracted and qPCR assays were performed to assess the abundance of total bacteria, Faecalibacterium, Turicibacter, E. coli, Streptococcus, Blautia, Fusobacterium, and C. hiranonis and to calculate a previously published dysbiosis index (DI).
T2288 185766-186022 Sentence denotes Fecal DNA was extracted and qPCR assays were performed to assess the abundance of total bacteria, Faecalibacterium, Turicibacter, E. coli, Streptococcus, Blautia, Fusobacterium, and C. hiranonis and to calculate a previously published dysbiosis index (DI).
TextSentencer_T1367 186023-186141 Sentence denotes Bacterial groups and DI were compared across time points using the Friedman test and Dunn';s post-test as appropriate.
T79142 186023-186141 Sentence denotes Bacterial groups and DI were compared across time points using the Friedman test and Dunn';s post-test as appropriate.
TextSentencer_T1368 186142-186187 Sentence denotes Statistical significance was set as p < 0.05.
T39504 186142-186187 Sentence denotes Statistical significance was set as p < 0.05.
TextSentencer_T1369 186188-186399 Sentence denotes The abundance of Fusobacterium increased between days 0 and 4 (p < 0.01), otherwise there were no statistically significant changes in the DI or abundance of bacterial groups before and after treatment with FPP.
T81621 186188-186399 Sentence denotes The abundance of Fusobacterium increased between days 0 and 4 (p < 0.01), otherwise there were no statistically significant changes in the DI or abundance of bacterial groups before and after treatment with FPP.
TextSentencer_T1370 186400-186603 Sentence denotes Additionally, the DI in this group of dogs was similar to that of previously evaluated healthy dogs; only 2 of 6 dogs had transiently increased DI results (DI > 2 at 1 pre-treatment time point for each).
T41625 186400-186603 Sentence denotes Additionally, the DI in this group of dogs was similar to that of previously evaluated healthy dogs; only 2 of 6 dogs had transiently increased DI results (DI > 2 at 1 pre-treatment time point for each).
TextSentencer_T1371 186604-186696 Sentence denotes The CE group was composed of 46 males and 22 females, the median age was 6.3 years (min-max:
T27642 186604-186696 Sentence denotes The CE group was composed of 46 males and 22 females, the median age was 6.3 years (min-max:
TextSentencer_T1372 186697-186709 Sentence denotes 1-16 years).
T83561 186697-186709 Sentence denotes 1-16 years).
TextSentencer_T1373 186710-186793 Sentence denotes No significant differences for age or sex were identified between CE and CTRL dogs.
T3418 186710-186793 Sentence denotes No significant differences for age or sex were identified between CE and CTRL dogs.
TextSentencer_T1374 186794-186909 Sentence denotes Serum IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations were significantly increased in the CE group when compared to CTRL dogs.
T12218 186794-186909 Sentence denotes Serum IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations were significantly increased in the CE group when compared to CTRL dogs.
TextSentencer_T1375 186910-186963 Sentence denotes Results for both groups are shown in the table below.
T34302 186910-186963 Sentence denotes Results for both groups are shown in the table below.
TextSentencer_T1376 186964-187052 Sentence denotes No correlation was found between age, sex, and any of the serum cytokine concentrations.
T83566 186964-187052 Sentence denotes No correlation was found between age, sex, and any of the serum cytokine concentrations.
TextSentencer_T1377 187053-187178 Sentence denotes Using a cutoff value of > 14 pg/mL for IL-6, sensitivity for discriminating CE and CTRL dogs was 84% and specificity was 72%.
T1807 187053-187178 Sentence denotes Using a cutoff value of > 14 pg/mL for IL-6, sensitivity for discriminating CE and CTRL dogs was 84% and specificity was 72%.
TextSentencer_T1378 187179-187274 Sentence denotes Using a cutoff value of > 2.2 pg/mL for TNF-α, sensitivity was 76% and the specificity was 80%.
T59193 187179-187274 Sentence denotes Using a cutoff value of > 2.2 pg/mL for TNF-α, sensitivity was 76% and the specificity was 80%.
TextSentencer_T1379 187275-187352 Sentence denotes The areas under the curves for IL-6 and TNF were 0.81 and 0.84, respectively.
T48151 187275-187352 Sentence denotes The areas under the curves for IL-6 and TNF were 0.81 and 0.84, respectively.
TextSentencer_T1380 187353-187460 Sentence denotes The first principal component of PCA explained 85.5% of the variance where TNF-α was the major contributor.
T68634 187353-187460 Sentence denotes The first principal component of PCA explained 85.5% of the variance where TNF-α was the major contributor.
TextSentencer_T1381 187461-187626 Sentence denotes In conclusion, dogs with CE have increased concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α, but we were unable to identify any significantly altered concentrations for IL-8.
T90287 187461-187626 Sentence denotes In conclusion, dogs with CE have increased concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α, but we were unable to identify any significantly altered concentrations for IL-8.
TextSentencer_T1382 187627-187766 Sentence denotes Further studies are needed to assess the utility of these cytokines as diagnostic or prognostic markers in dogs with chronic enteropathies.
T36409 187627-187766 Sentence denotes Further studies are needed to assess the utility of these cytokines as diagnostic or prognostic markers in dogs with chronic enteropathies.
TextSentencer_T1383 187767-187827 Sentence denotes However, their impact on GI motility has not been evaluated.
T36658 187767-187827 Sentence denotes However, their impact on GI motility has not been evaluated.
TextSentencer_T1384 187828-187977 Sentence denotes This study assesses the effects of metoclopramide, erythromycin and exenatide on gastric emptying (GE) and gastric motility in comparison to placebo.
T54899 187828-187977 Sentence denotes This study assesses the effects of metoclopramide, erythromycin and exenatide on gastric emptying (GE) and gastric motility in comparison to placebo.
TextSentencer_T1385 187978-188258 Sentence denotes In a randomized, double-blind, 4-way crossover design, 8 healthy cats were administered placebo (saline PO or SC), metoclopramide (0.5 mg/kg SC q8h), erythromycin (1 mg/kg PO q8h) or exenatide (1.2 μg/ kg SC q12h) for 2 consecutive days followed by a minimum 5-day washout period.
T80101 187978-188258 Sentence denotes In a randomized, double-blind, 4-way crossover design, 8 healthy cats were administered placebo (saline PO or SC), metoclopramide (0.5 mg/kg SC q8h), erythromycin (1 mg/kg PO q8h) or exenatide (1.2 μg/ kg SC q12h) for 2 consecutive days followed by a minimum 5-day washout period.
TextSentencer_T1386 188259-188301 Sentence denotes Cats were randomized to a treatment group.
T93578 188259-188301 Sentence denotes Cats were randomized to a treatment group.
TextSentencer_T1387 188302-188508 Sentence denotes Sonographic assessment of GE was performed in dorsal recumbency at 0, 15, 30 and 60 minutes following a solid test meal (20% of daily energy requirements), and at 30-minute intervals thereafter for 8 hours.
T86318 188302-188508 Sentence denotes Sonographic assessment of GE was performed in dorsal recumbency at 0, 15, 30 and 60 minutes following a solid test meal (20% of daily energy requirements), and at 30-minute intervals thereafter for 8 hours.
TextSentencer_T1388 188509-188669 Sentence denotes Mean cross-sectional area of transverse images of the relaxed antrum was obtained for each time point, and expressed as a percentage of the maximal antral area.
T26619 188509-188669 Sentence denotes Mean cross-sectional area of transverse images of the relaxed antrum was obtained for each time point, and expressed as a percentage of the maximal antral area.
TextSentencer_T1389 188670-188755 Sentence denotes The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated and 25% -90% GE times (GET) determined.
T34875 188670-188755 Sentence denotes The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated and 25% -90% GE times (GET) determined.
TextSentencer_T1390 188756-188828 Sentence denotes The motility index (MI) of antral contractions was plotted against time.
T2018 188756-188828 Sentence denotes The motility index (MI) of antral contractions was plotted against time.
TextSentencer_T1391 188829-188994 Sentence denotes A mixed model ANOVA with cat as a random effect and treatment as fixed effect was used to assess the difference in each fractional GET and MI AUC between treatments.
T82958 188829-188994 Sentence denotes A mixed model ANOVA with cat as a random effect and treatment as fixed effect was used to assess the difference in each fractional GET and MI AUC between treatments.
TextSentencer_T1392 188995-189076 Sentence denotes Posthoc pairwise comparisons were examined with the Tukey';s test as appropriate.
T73063 188995-189076 Sentence denotes Posthoc pairwise comparisons were examined with the Tukey';s test as appropriate.
TextSentencer_T1393 189077-189212 Sentence denotes The rate of GE following metoclopramide or erythromycin treatment was significantly faster compared to that after placebo or exenatide.
T23468 189077-189212 Sentence denotes The rate of GE following metoclopramide or erythromycin treatment was significantly faster compared to that after placebo or exenatide.
TextSentencer_T1394 189213-189644 Sentence denotes There was a statistically significant difference at all fractional GE between GET following metoclopramide and erythromycin treatments when compared to placebo (p = 0.002 -0.049 and p = 0.001 -0.015 for metoclopramide and erythromycin respectively) and exenatide Sixty dogs anesthetized for elective ovariectomy were evaluated for GER and 27 dogs identified with GER and having contents with a pH of < 4 were included in the study.
T9407 189213-189644 Sentence denotes There was a statistically significant difference at all fractional GE between GET following metoclopramide and erythromycin treatments when compared to placebo (p = 0.002 -0.049 and p = 0.001 -0.015 for metoclopramide and erythromycin respectively) and exenatide Sixty dogs anesthetized for elective ovariectomy were evaluated for GER and 27 dogs identified with GER and having contents with a pH of < 4 were included in the study.
TextSentencer_T1395 189645-189862 Sentence denotes An esophageal pH/impedance catheter (Divarsatek™, Milwaukee) was placed shortly following anesthesia using endoscopic guidance with the catheter tip placed approximately 3 cm cranial to the lower esophageal sphincter.
T56988 189645-189862 Sentence denotes An esophageal pH/impedance catheter (Divarsatek™, Milwaukee) was placed shortly following anesthesia using endoscopic guidance with the catheter tip placed approximately 3 cm cranial to the lower esophageal sphincter.
TextSentencer_T1396 189863-190012 Sentence denotes A GER episode was defined as an orally progressing decrease in impedance (50% decrement in ohms) from the pre-episodic esophageal baseline recording.
T69671 189863-190012 Sentence denotes A GER episode was defined as an orally progressing decrease in impedance (50% decrement in ohms) from the pre-episodic esophageal baseline recording.
TextSentencer_T1397 190013-190110 Sentence denotes When esophageal pH < 4 remained at the conclusion of the surgery esophageal lavage was performed.
T39906 190013-190110 Sentence denotes When esophageal pH < 4 remained at the conclusion of the surgery esophageal lavage was performed.
TextSentencer_T1398 190111-190200 Sentence denotes Tap water in 60 mL aliquots was instilled through a gastric tube and carefully suctioned.
T78333 190111-190200 Sentence denotes Tap water in 60 mL aliquots was instilled through a gastric tube and carefully suctioned.
TextSentencer_T1399 190201-190343 Sentence denotes If after an interval of 2 minutes post lavage esophageal pH was still under 4, another aliquot was instilled and again suctioned until pH > 4.
T19036 190201-190343 Sentence denotes If after an interval of 2 minutes post lavage esophageal pH was still under 4, another aliquot was instilled and again suctioned until pH > 4.
TextSentencer_T1400 190344-190487 Sentence denotes Paired t test, Wilcoxon matched pairs test and Spearman';s rank correlation coefficient were used to analyze parametric and nonparametric data.
T38173 190344-190487 Sentence denotes Paired t test, Wilcoxon matched pairs test and Spearman';s rank correlation coefficient were used to analyze parametric and nonparametric data.
TextSentencer_T1401 190488-190630 Sentence denotes Of the 27 dogs having strongly acidic GER (pH < 4), 16 dogs were able to neutralize their esophageal lumen pH before the end of the procedure.
T31175 190488-190630 Sentence denotes Of the 27 dogs having strongly acidic GER (pH < 4), 16 dogs were able to neutralize their esophageal lumen pH before the end of the procedure.
TextSentencer_T1402 190631-190752 Sentence denotes These 16 dogs increased their esophageal lumen and GER pH from 2.1 ± 0.8 to 5.4 ± 0.9 during the anesthesia (p < 0.0001).
T8064 190631-190752 Sentence denotes These 16 dogs increased their esophageal lumen and GER pH from 2.1 ± 0.8 to 5.4 ± 0.9 during the anesthesia (p < 0.0001).
TextSentencer_T1403 190753-190893 Sentence denotes 14/27 dogs did not neutralize their esophageal lumen and GER pH having esophageal lumen and GER pH of 2.9 ± 0.9 at the end of the procedure.
T82042 190753-190893 Sentence denotes 14/27 dogs did not neutralize their esophageal lumen and GER pH having esophageal lumen and GER pH of 2.9 ± 0.9 at the end of the procedure.
TextSentencer_T1404 190894-191001 Sentence denotes Esophageal lavage with tap water increased the lumen and GER to 4.1 ± 1 in 11/14 (78%) of dogs (p = 0.003).
T51163 190894-191001 Sentence denotes Esophageal lavage with tap water increased the lumen and GER to 4.1 ± 1 in 11/14 (78%) of dogs (p = 0.003).
TextSentencer_T1405 191002-191116 Sentence denotes The volume of water used for lavage was not associated with the changes in lumen and GER pH (r = -0.19, p = 0.50).
T40566 191002-191116 Sentence denotes The volume of water used for lavage was not associated with the changes in lumen and GER pH (r = -0.19, p = 0.50).
TextSentencer_T1406 191117-191229 Sentence denotes In the present study, we show for the first time that some dogs are capable of neutralizing strongly acidic GER.
T1556 191117-191229 Sentence denotes In the present study, we show for the first time that some dogs are capable of neutralizing strongly acidic GER.
TextSentencer_T1407 191230-191353 Sentence denotes The dogs that were unable to clear acidic GER are possibly the ones more predisposed to esophagitis or stricture formation.
T96052 191230-191353 Sentence denotes The dogs that were unable to clear acidic GER are possibly the ones more predisposed to esophagitis or stricture formation.
TextSentencer_T1408 191354-191568 Sentence denotes Esophageal lumen lavage with water in dogs having strongly acidic pH increased the esophageal lumen and GER pH in a majority of dogs suggesting esophageal lavage might be beneficial in preventing GER complications.
T36341 191354-191568 Sentence denotes Esophageal lumen lavage with water in dogs having strongly acidic pH increased the esophageal lumen and GER pH in a majority of dogs suggesting esophageal lavage might be beneficial in preventing GER complications.
TextSentencer_T1409 191569-191577 Sentence denotes Janne G.
T44218 191569-191577 Sentence denotes Janne G.
TextSentencer_T1410 191578-191828 Sentence denotes Lyngby 1 , Jillian Haines 2 1 University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Hovedstaden, Denmark, 2 -Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA Megaesophagus (ME) has a high mortality rate associated with the difficulty of managing patients' feeding.
T5752 191578-191828 Sentence denotes Lyngby 1 , Jillian Haines 2 1 University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Hovedstaden, Denmark, 2 -Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA Megaesophagus (ME) has a high mortality rate associated with the difficulty of managing patients' feeding.
TextSentencer_T1411 191829-191945 Sentence denotes Currently there are no evidencebased guidelines available for determining the best diet consistency in dogs with ME.
T66387 191829-191945 Sentence denotes Currently there are no evidencebased guidelines available for determining the best diet consistency in dogs with ME.
TextSentencer_T1412 191946-192232 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to compare esophageal clearance times (ECT) of food with different consistencies in dogs with congenital idiopathic ME, and to assess if esophageal contrast videofluoroscopy can be used to guide management of dogs to improve clinical signs and quality of life.
T13121 191946-192232 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to compare esophageal clearance times (ECT) of food with different consistencies in dogs with congenital idiopathic ME, and to assess if esophageal contrast videofluoroscopy can be used to guide management of dogs to improve clinical signs and quality of life.
TextSentencer_T1413 192233-192293 Sentence denotes Twenty-one dogs with congenital idiopathic ME were included.
T87240 192233-192293 Sentence denotes Twenty-one dogs with congenital idiopathic ME were included.
TextSentencer_T1414 192294-192451 Sentence denotes For evaluation, each dog was placed in a Bailey chair and administered barium sulfate orally in three forms: liquid, slurry and within canned food meatballs.
T90047 192294-192451 Sentence denotes For evaluation, each dog was placed in a Bailey chair and administered barium sulfate orally in three forms: liquid, slurry and within canned food meatballs.
TextSentencer_T1415 192452-192542 Sentence denotes The amount of barium and food was determined by bodyweight and resting energy requirement.
T1141 192452-192542 Sentence denotes The amount of barium and food was determined by bodyweight and resting energy requirement.
TextSentencer_T1416 192543-192704 Sentence denotes Contrast videofluoroscopy of the esophagus was obtained at baseline and every 5 minutes for up to 30 minutes or stopped sooner if esophageal content had cleared.
T38061 192543-192704 Sentence denotes Contrast videofluoroscopy of the esophagus was obtained at baseline and every 5 minutes for up to 30 minutes or stopped sooner if esophageal content had cleared.
TextSentencer_T1417 192705-192929 Sentence denotes Each patient received specific recommendations for management based on ECT of the different diet consistencies, frequency of regurgitation, presence of esophageal reflux, decreased gastric motility, and body condition score.
T67651 192705-192929 Sentence denotes Each patient received specific recommendations for management based on ECT of the different diet consistencies, frequency of regurgitation, presence of esophageal reflux, decreased gastric motility, and body condition score.
TextSentencer_T1418 192930-193028 Sentence denotes The follow up communication was performed to assess compliance and response to management changes.
T97178 192930-193028 Sentence denotes The follow up communication was performed to assess compliance and response to management changes.
TextSentencer_T1419 193029-193138 Sentence denotes No clearance was observed in 29% of dogs fed liquid, in 43% of dogs fed slurry and 67% of dogs fed meatballs.
T12791 193029-193138 Sentence denotes No clearance was observed in 29% of dogs fed liquid, in 43% of dogs fed slurry and 67% of dogs fed meatballs.
TextSentencer_T1420 193139-193275 Sentence denotes There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) between groups with the ECT of liquid being faster compared to both meatballs and slurry.
T60672 193139-193275 Sentence denotes There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) between groups with the ECT of liquid being faster compared to both meatballs and slurry.
TextSentencer_T1421 193276-193570 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference in ECT between slurry and meatballs, but the median percentage of esophageal clearance was 50% (interquartile range 0-79%) for slurry and 0% (interquartile range 0-60%) for meatballs. (7), hemorrhage (2), mucosal irregularity (5), and a polypoid lesion (1) .
T76082 193276-193570 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference in ECT between slurry and meatballs, but the median percentage of esophageal clearance was 50% (interquartile range 0-79%) for slurry and 0% (interquartile range 0-60%) for meatballs. (7), hemorrhage (2), mucosal irregularity (5), and a polypoid lesion (1) .
TextSentencer_T1422 193571-193916 Sentence denotes Intestinal lesions included erosions (3), hemorrhage (1), irregular mucosa (5), and a mass in the duodenum (1) and jejunum (1) . (1) Cats with chronic enteropathy frequently undergo endoscopy and assessment of intestinal biopsies using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and clonality testing (PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements (PARR)).
T32175 193571-193916 Sentence denotes Intestinal lesions included erosions (3), hemorrhage (1), irregular mucosa (5), and a mass in the duodenum (1) and jejunum (1) . (1) Cats with chronic enteropathy frequently undergo endoscopy and assessment of intestinal biopsies using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and clonality testing (PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements (PARR)).
TextSentencer_T1423 193917-194014 Sentence denotes However, there is a paucity of data on findings for these modalities in a cohort of healthy cats.
T14051 193917-194014 Sentence denotes However, there is a paucity of data on findings for these modalities in a cohort of healthy cats.
TextSentencer_T1424 194015-194212 Sentence denotes Thus, the aim of this study was to describe results of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and PARR in endoscopically derived duodenal biopsy specimens from clinically healthy, client-owned cats.
T5983 194015-194212 Sentence denotes Thus, the aim of this study was to describe results of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and PARR in endoscopically derived duodenal biopsy specimens from clinically healthy, client-owned cats.
TextSentencer_T1425 194213-194399 Sentence denotes Twenty clinically healthy, client-owned cats underwent gastroduodenoscopy at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at Texas A&M University (Animal Care and Use Protocol 2015-0276 CA).
T37214 194213-194399 Sentence denotes Twenty clinically healthy, client-owned cats underwent gastroduodenoscopy at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at Texas A&M University (Animal Care and Use Protocol 2015-0276 CA).
TextSentencer_T1426 194400-194631 Sentence denotes Tissue specimens were collected from the stomach (18 cats) and the duodenum (20 cats) and were evaluated according to the WSAVA scoring system by a board-certified pathologist (MRA) who was blinded to the health status of the cats.
T27183 194400-194631 Sentence denotes Tissue specimens were collected from the stomach (18 cats) and the duodenum (20 cats) and were evaluated according to the WSAVA scoring system by a board-certified pathologist (MRA) who was blinded to the health status of the cats.
TextSentencer_T1427 194632-194776 Sentence denotes In addition, samples were evaluated by routine immunohistochemistry and clonality testing without disclosure of the clinical status of the cats.
T97260 194632-194776 Sentence denotes In addition, samples were evaluated by routine immunohistochemistry and clonality testing without disclosure of the clinical status of the cats.
TextSentencer_T1428 194777-194821 Sentence denotes Cats had a median age of 9.5 years (min-max:
T9583 194777-194821 Sentence denotes Cats had a median age of 9.5 years (min-max:
TextSentencer_T1429 194822-194869 Sentence denotes 3 to 18 years), body weight of 5.0 kg (min-max:
T64331 194822-194869 Sentence denotes 3 to 18 years), body weight of 5.0 kg (min-max:
TextSentencer_T1430 194870-194922 Sentence denotes 2.9-8.6 kg), and body condition score of 6 (min-max:
T84685 194870-194922 Sentence denotes 2.9-8.6 kg), and body condition score of 6 (min-max:
TextSentencer_T1431 194923-194931 Sentence denotes 5 to 9).
T53209 194923-194931 Sentence denotes 5 to 9).
TextSentencer_T1432 194932-194986 Sentence denotes Sample quality was reported as very good in all cases.
T44555 194932-194986 Sentence denotes Sample quality was reported as very good in all cases.
TextSentencer_T1433 194987-195114 Sentence denotes Histologic evaluation of the stomach revealed a mean gastric score of 1.77 (± 1.59) and a mean duodenal score of 3.50 (± 1.89).
T36109 194987-195114 Sentence denotes Histologic evaluation of the stomach revealed a mean gastric score of 1.77 (± 1.59) and a mean duodenal score of 3.50 (± 1.89).
TextSentencer_T1434 195115-195243 Sentence denotes Immunohistochemistry of duodenal samples revealed epitheliotropic and/or lamina propria infiltrates that were CD3+ in all cases.
T57126 195115-195243 Sentence denotes Immunohistochemistry of duodenal samples revealed epitheliotropic and/or lamina propria infiltrates that were CD3+ in all cases.
TextSentencer_T1435 195244-195374 Sentence denotes Results of clonality testing in duodenal samples revealed clonal rearrangements in 8 cats and polyclonal rearrangements in 6 cats.
T26186 195244-195374 Sentence denotes Results of clonality testing in duodenal samples revealed clonal rearrangements in 8 cats and polyclonal rearrangements in 6 cats.
TextSentencer_T1436 195375-195462 Sentence denotes In 5 cats, results were suggestive of clonal rearrangements in a polyclonal background.
T69620 195375-195462 Sentence denotes In 5 cats, results were suggestive of clonal rearrangements in a polyclonal background.
TextSentencer_T1437 195463-195571 Sentence denotes Results for one cat were reported to be consistent with pseudoclonality due to a low quantity of target DNA.
T34762 195463-195571 Sentence denotes Results for one cat were reported to be consistent with pseudoclonality due to a low quantity of target DNA.
TextSentencer_T1438 195572-195705 Sentence denotes An interpretation of small cell lymphoma based on immunohistochemistry and clonality testing was reached in 12 of these healthy cats.
T63904 195572-195705 Sentence denotes An interpretation of small cell lymphoma based on immunohistochemistry and clonality testing was reached in 12 of these healthy cats.
TextSentencer_T1439 195706-195843 Sentence denotes In one additional cat, results were interpreted as emerging small cell lymphoma, and an interpretation of enteritis was given for 6 cats.
T1770 195706-195843 Sentence denotes In one additional cat, results were interpreted as emerging small cell lymphoma, and an interpretation of enteritis was given for 6 cats.
TextSentencer_T1440 195844-195916 Sentence denotes Results from one cat were deemed uninterpretable due to pseudoclonality.
T92830 195844-195916 Sentence denotes Results from one cat were deemed uninterpretable due to pseudoclonality.
TextSentencer_T1441 195917-196122 Sentence denotes In conclusion, intestinal biopsies from clinically healthy cats commonly show abnormal findings using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and clonality testing without any apparent clinical significance.
T7242 195917-196122 Sentence denotes In conclusion, intestinal biopsies from clinically healthy cats commonly show abnormal findings using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and clonality testing without any apparent clinical significance.
TextSentencer_T1442 196123-196292 Sentence denotes While the sensitivity of clonality tests is reported to be high, these results imply that further assessment of the specificity of this diagnostic modality is warranted.
T70093 196123-196292 Sentence denotes While the sensitivity of clonality tests is reported to be high, these results imply that further assessment of the specificity of this diagnostic modality is warranted.
TextSentencer_T1443 196293-196455 Sentence denotes A total of 2,349 spots were identified, of which 9 were differentially expressed with a ≥ 2-fold change between healthy cats and cats with IBD and SCL (p ≤ 0.01).
T63370 196293-196455 Sentence denotes A total of 2,349 spots were identified, of which 9 were differentially expressed with a ≥ 2-fold change between healthy cats and cats with IBD and SCL (p ≤ 0.01).
TextSentencer_T1444 196456-196566 Sentence denotes Eight of these 9 spots were also differentially expressed between cats with IBD and those with SCL (p ≤ 0.04).
T95031 196456-196566 Sentence denotes Eight of these 9 spots were also differentially expressed between cats with IBD and those with SCL (p ≤ 0.04).
TextSentencer_T1445 196567-196704 Sentence denotes LC-MS/MS identified proteins of the annexin and apolipoprotein families, and malate dehydrogenases in the differentially expressed spots.
T74846 196567-196704 Sentence denotes LC-MS/MS identified proteins of the annexin and apolipoprotein families, and malate dehydrogenases in the differentially expressed spots.
TextSentencer_T1446 196705-196813 Sentence denotes Our results show differences between the mucosal proteome of healthy cats, cats with IBD, and cats with SCL.
T84541 196705-196813 Sentence denotes Our results show differences between the mucosal proteome of healthy cats, cats with IBD, and cats with SCL.
TextSentencer_T1447 196814-196975 Sentence denotes These proteins might hold potential for the development of minimally-invasive biomarkers for the differentiation of IBD and SCL in cats with chronic enteropathy.
T94793 196814-196975 Sentence denotes These proteins might hold potential for the development of minimally-invasive biomarkers for the differentiation of IBD and SCL in cats with chronic enteropathy.
TextSentencer_T1448 196976-197033 Sentence denotes Further studies to validate these findings are warranted.
T47223 196976-197033 Sentence denotes Further studies to validate these findings are warranted.
TextSentencer_T1449 197034-197220 Sentence denotes The essential amino acid tryptophan and its degradation products (e.g., serotonin) are important in the regulation of T-cell response within the intestine as well as intestinal motility.
T94829 197034-197220 Sentence denotes The essential amino acid tryptophan and its degradation products (e.g., serotonin) are important in the regulation of T-cell response within the intestine as well as intestinal motility.
TextSentencer_T1450 197221-197411 Sentence denotes Furthermore, bacteria metabolize tryptophan into various indole-derivatives, which also serve as signaling molecules, activating pathways in other organ systems (e.g., brain, liver, kidney).
T88334 197221-197411 Sentence denotes Furthermore, bacteria metabolize tryptophan into various indole-derivatives, which also serve as signaling molecules, activating pathways in other organ systems (e.g., brain, liver, kidney).
TextSentencer_T1451 197412-197635 Sentence denotes Alterations in tryptophan metabolism is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans, and dietary supplementation with tryptophan has been shown to have antiinflammatory effects in experimental colitis models.
T82316 197412-197635 Sentence denotes Alterations in tryptophan metabolism is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans, and dietary supplementation with tryptophan has been shown to have antiinflammatory effects in experimental colitis models.
TextSentencer_T1452 197636-197757 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the tryptophan-serotonin-indole pathway in dogs with intestinal disease.
T55389 197636-197757 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the tryptophan-serotonin-indole pathway in dogs with intestinal disease.
TextSentencer_T1453 197758-197869 Sentence denotes Fecal samples from 8 dogs with idiopathic IBD and 10 dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea (AHD) were collected.
T31444 197758-197869 Sentence denotes Fecal samples from 8 dogs with idiopathic IBD and 10 dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea (AHD) were collected.
TextSentencer_T1454 197870-197938 Sentence denotes Fecal samples from 10 healthy dogs were included as a control group.
T64744 197870-197938 Sentence denotes Fecal samples from 10 healthy dogs were included as a control group.
TextSentencer_T1455 197939-198091 Sentence denotes All 28 samples were extracted using methanol-chloroform before targeted analysis by TSQ Altis Triple Quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
T68552 197939-198091 Sentence denotes All 28 samples were extracted using methanol-chloroform before targeted analysis by TSQ Altis Triple Quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
TextSentencer_T1456 198092-198206 Sentence denotes Chromatograph peaks were compared with a standard curve for quantification, and adjusted for initial fecal weight.
T60377 198092-198206 Sentence denotes Chromatograph peaks were compared with a standard curve for quantification, and adjusted for initial fecal weight.
TextSentencer_T1457 198207-198449 Sentence denotes The following metabolites were measured: acetylcholine, anthranilic acid, indole, indole-3-acetaldehyde, indole-3-acetamide, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, indole-3-lactic acid, serotonin, tryptamine, tryptophan, and tyramine.
T59149 198207-198449 Sentence denotes The following metabolites were measured: acetylcholine, anthranilic acid, indole, indole-3-acetaldehyde, indole-3-acetamide, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, indole-3-lactic acid, serotonin, tryptamine, tryptophan, and tyramine.
TextSentencer_T1458 198450-198571 Sentence denotes Fecal metabolites were compared amongst groups using Kruskal-Wallis tests, followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons tests.
T60228 198450-198571 Sentence denotes Fecal metabolites were compared amongst groups using Kruskal-Wallis tests, followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons tests.
TextSentencer_T1459 198572-198605 Sentence denotes Significance was set as p < 0.05.
T7214 198572-198605 Sentence denotes Significance was set as p < 0.05.
TextSentencer_T1460 198606-198883 Sentence denotes In the AHD group, anthranilic acid, indole, indole-3-acetamide, and indole-3-lactic acid were significantly increased (p=0.036; 0.004; 0.029; and 0.023, respectively), and serotonin, and tryptamine were decreased (p=0.037; and 0.178, respectively) compared to healthy controls.
T81553 198606-198883 Sentence denotes In the AHD group, anthranilic acid, indole, indole-3-acetamide, and indole-3-lactic acid were significantly increased (p=0.036; 0.004; 0.029; and 0.023, respectively), and serotonin, and tryptamine were decreased (p=0.037; and 0.178, respectively) compared to healthy controls.
TextSentencer_T1461 198884-199042 Sentence denotes Fecal tryptophan was increased 2-fold in dogs with IBD (not significant, p=0.524), and 8.5-fold in dogs with AHD (p < 0.001) compared to healthy control dogs.
T89910 198884-199042 Sentence denotes Fecal tryptophan was increased 2-fold in dogs with IBD (not significant, p=0.524), and 8.5-fold in dogs with AHD (p < 0.001) compared to healthy control dogs.
TextSentencer_T1462 199043-199194 Sentence denotes Significant differences in fecal metabolites from the tryptophan-serotonin-indole pathway were found in dogs with AHD compared to healthy control dogs.
T83112 199043-199194 Sentence denotes Significant differences in fecal metabolites from the tryptophan-serotonin-indole pathway were found in dogs with AHD compared to healthy control dogs.
TextSentencer_T1463 199195-199282 Sentence denotes Further studies are needed to determine the clinical implications of these differences.
T64556 199195-199282 Sentence denotes Further studies are needed to determine the clinical implications of these differences.
TextSentencer_T1464 199283-199431 Sentence denotes Thirteen dogs diagnosed with idiopathic IBD, that previously failed to respond to treatment with elimination diets and metronidazole, were enrolled.
T95930 199283-199431 Sentence denotes Thirteen dogs diagnosed with idiopathic IBD, that previously failed to respond to treatment with elimination diets and metronidazole, were enrolled.
TextSentencer_T1465 199432-199588 Sentence denotes Stool samples were collected from all dogs before initiating therapy with prednisone, after 3 and 8 weeks, and more than one year after beginning treatment.
T37658 199432-199588 Sentence denotes Stool samples were collected from all dogs before initiating therapy with prednisone, after 3 and 8 weeks, and more than one year after beginning treatment.
TextSentencer_T1466 199589-199657 Sentence denotes Thirteen healthy dogs were enrolled in the study as a control group.
T92186 199589-199657 Sentence denotes Thirteen healthy dogs were enrolled in the study as a control group.
TextSentencer_T1467 199658-199721 Sentence denotes Stool samples were kept frozen at -80 o C until DNA extraction.
T53356 199658-199721 Sentence denotes Stool samples were kept frozen at -80 o C until DNA extraction.
TextSentencer_T1468 199722-199799 Sentence denotes The microbiota was characterized using Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.
T44012 199722-199799 Sentence denotes The microbiota was characterized using Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.
TextSentencer_T1469 199800-199878 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME).
T47394 199800-199878 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME).
TextSentencer_T1470 199879-200042 Sentence denotes Beta diversity was evaluated with the phylogeny based unweighted UniFrac distance metric, and statistics were performed with the Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM).
T85934 199879-200042 Sentence denotes Beta diversity was evaluated with the phylogeny based unweighted UniFrac distance metric, and statistics were performed with the Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM).
TextSentencer_T1471 200043-200141 Sentence denotes In the IBD group, clinical disease severity (CIBDAI) at baseline was scored as moderate to severe.
T5172 200043-200141 Sentence denotes In the IBD group, clinical disease severity (CIBDAI) at baseline was scored as moderate to severe.
TextSentencer_T1472 200142-200322 Sentence denotes All dogs achieved partial or complete remission of clinical signs by 3 or 8 weeks of treatment, and CIBDAI scores were significantly reduced after 8 weeks of treatment (p < 0.001).
T55269 200142-200322 Sentence denotes All dogs achieved partial or complete remission of clinical signs by 3 or 8 weeks of treatment, and CIBDAI scores were significantly reduced after 8 weeks of treatment (p < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T1473 200323-200544 Sentence denotes At baseline, dogs with IBD showed differences in microbial composition when compared to healthy dogs, as unweighted Uni-Frac distances demonstrated significantly different beta diversity between groups (p=0.001, R=0.462).
T55732 200323-200544 Sentence denotes At baseline, dogs with IBD showed differences in microbial composition when compared to healthy dogs, as unweighted Uni-Frac distances demonstrated significantly different beta diversity between groups (p=0.001, R=0.462).
TextSentencer_T1474 200545-200739 Sentence denotes Differences in the IBD group included increased Firmicutes (p < 0.001) and Actinobacteria (p=0.027), and reduced Bacteroidetes (p < 0.001), Fusobacteria (p < 0.001) and Proteobacteria (p=0.006).
T4603 200545-200739 Sentence denotes Differences in the IBD group included increased Firmicutes (p < 0.001) and Actinobacteria (p=0.027), and reduced Bacteroidetes (p < 0.001), Fusobacteria (p < 0.001) and Proteobacteria (p=0.006).
TextSentencer_T1475 200740-200861 Sentence denotes Within the IBD group, beta diversity was still significantly changed at 8 weeks (p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls.
T52204 200740-200861 Sentence denotes Within the IBD group, beta diversity was still significantly changed at 8 weeks (p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls.
TextSentencer_T1476 200862-201069 Sentence denotes At the 1 year follow up, diversity metrics placed the microbiome of treated dogs closer to that of healthy dogs, but they were still significantly different from those of healthy controls (p=0.003, R=0.258).
T94770 200862-201069 Sentence denotes At the 1 year follow up, diversity metrics placed the microbiome of treated dogs closer to that of healthy dogs, but they were still significantly different from those of healthy controls (p=0.003, R=0.258).
TextSentencer_T1477 201070-201332 Sentence denotes Our results suggest that, while treatment can be effective in improving clinical signs, the dysbiosis associated with IBD is still present after more than one year after the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, even when dogs were clinically well controlled.
T1323 201070-201332 Sentence denotes Our results suggest that, while treatment can be effective in improving clinical signs, the dysbiosis associated with IBD is still present after more than one year after the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, even when dogs were clinically well controlled.
TextSentencer_T1478 201333-201438 Sentence denotes Observed to expected ratios for dilutional parallelism ranged from 77.4 to 162.9%, with a mean of 119.3%.
T67542 201333-201438 Sentence denotes Observed to expected ratios for dilutional parallelism ranged from 77.4 to 162.9%, with a mean of 119.3%.
TextSentencer_T1479 201439-201528 Sentence denotes Intra-assay variability ranged from 16.9 to 36.7% (mean %CV for all samples and machines:
T23533 201439-201528 Sentence denotes Intra-assay variability ranged from 16.9 to 36.7% (mean %CV for all samples and machines:
TextSentencer_T1480 201529-201536 Sentence denotes 25.1%).
T78197 201529-201536 Sentence denotes 25.1%).
TextSentencer_T1481 201537-201627 Sentence denotes Inter-assay variability ranged from 14.1% to 51.2% (mean %CV for all samples and machines:
T13889 201537-201627 Sentence denotes Inter-assay variability ranged from 14.1% to 51.2% (mean %CV for all samples and machines:
TextSentencer_T1482 201628-201822 Sentence denotes 31.8%) and most samples resulted in two (7 samples) or even three (5 samples) diagnostic bins (i.e., within the reference interval; gray range; suggestive of pancreatitis) during the experiment.
T8490 201628-201822 Sentence denotes 31.8%) and most samples resulted in two (7 samples) or even three (5 samples) diagnostic bins (i.e., within the reference interval; gray range; suggestive of pancreatitis) during the experiment.
TextSentencer_T1483 201823-201895 Sentence denotes The new VetScan cPL rapid test for the VetScan VUE shows poor linearity.
T4263 201823-201895 Sentence denotes The new VetScan cPL rapid test for the VetScan VUE shows poor linearity.
TextSentencer_T1484 201896-202050 Sentence denotes This is of clinical significance as the working range of this assay is very narrow, making dilution necessary for samples with higher cPLI concentrations.
T66869 201896-202050 Sentence denotes This is of clinical significance as the working range of this assay is very narrow, making dilution necessary for samples with higher cPLI concentrations.
TextSentencer_T1485 202051-202097 Sentence denotes Also, the assay is not very precise (mean %CV:
T65460 202051-202097 Sentence denotes Also, the assay is not very precise (mean %CV:
TextSentencer_T1486 202098-202105 Sentence denotes 25.1%).
T34714 202098-202105 Sentence denotes 25.1%).
TextSentencer_T1487 202106-202171 Sentence denotes Finally, inter-assay variability is unacceptably high (mean % CV:
T71185 202106-202171 Sentence denotes Finally, inter-assay variability is unacceptably high (mean % CV:
TextSentencer_T1488 202172-202230 Sentence denotes 31.8%), affecting the actual diagnostic bin in many cases.
T2481 202172-202230 Sentence denotes 31.8%), affecting the actual diagnostic bin in many cases.
TextSentencer_T1489 202231-202349 Sentence denotes In conclusion, the VetScan cPL rapid test for the VetScan VUE lacked linearity, precision, and reproducibility. range:
T30924 202231-202349 Sentence denotes In conclusion, the VetScan cPL rapid test for the VetScan VUE lacked linearity, precision, and reproducibility. range:
TextSentencer_T1490 202350-202396 Sentence denotes 4 to 5) and 6 (8 %), over-conditioned (median:
T82741 202350-202396 Sentence denotes 4 to 5) and 6 (8 %), over-conditioned (median:
TextSentencer_T1491 202397-202414 Sentence denotes 6 to 6 -7; range:
T68714 202397-202414 Sentence denotes 6 to 6 -7; range:
TextSentencer_T1492 202415-202426 Sentence denotes 5 -6 to 8).
T51140 202415-202426 Sentence denotes 5 -6 to 8).
TextSentencer_T1493 202427-202605 Sentence denotes Sixty-one dogs (88 %) had documented weight loss at the time of diagnosis; 30 (43 %) had severe (≥10 %), 22 (32 %) had moderate (5 -9.9 %), and 9 (13 %) had mild (0.1-4.9%) loss.
T62413 202427-202605 Sentence denotes Sixty-one dogs (88 %) had documented weight loss at the time of diagnosis; 30 (43 %) had severe (≥10 %), 22 (32 %) had moderate (5 -9.9 %), and 9 (13 %) had mild (0.1-4.9%) loss.
TextSentencer_T1494 202606-202719 Sentence denotes Two dogs were lost to follow-up and 29 out of 69 dogs (42 %) died or were euthanized following treatment failure.
T80600 202606-202719 Sentence denotes Two dogs were lost to follow-up and 29 out of 69 dogs (42 %) died or were euthanized following treatment failure.
TextSentencer_T1495 202720-202979 Sentence denotes There were no significant effects of body condition score, percentage weight loss, body weight, appetite, serum albumin, cholesterol, cobalamin, and folate concentrations, canine chronic enteropathy activity index, and duration of signs on mortality (P>0.05).
T75021 202720-202979 Sentence denotes There were no significant effects of body condition score, percentage weight loss, body weight, appetite, serum albumin, cholesterol, cobalamin, and folate concentrations, canine chronic enteropathy activity index, and duration of signs on mortality (P>0.05).
TextSentencer_T1496 202980-203163 Sentence denotes However, dogs that had higher caloric intake at diagnosis had increased number of days to death or euthanasia following treatment failure (P = 0.002, correlation coefficient = 0.571).
T31381 202980-203163 Sentence denotes However, dogs that had higher caloric intake at diagnosis had increased number of days to death or euthanasia following treatment failure (P = 0.002, correlation coefficient = 0.571).
TextSentencer_T1497 203164-203412 Sentence denotes Parameters associated with malnutrition at the time of diagnosis of PLE due to CE or lymphangiectasia in dogs in this study were not a predictor of mortality following treatment failure and therefore cannot be used to predict response to treatment.
T53906 203164-203412 Sentence denotes Parameters associated with malnutrition at the time of diagnosis of PLE due to CE or lymphangiectasia in dogs in this study were not a predictor of mortality following treatment failure and therefore cannot be used to predict response to treatment.
TextSentencer_T1498 203413-203559 Sentence denotes However, alternative measures of malnutrition may be required to definitively investigate the role of malnutrition in the prognosis of canine PLE.
T29182 203413-203559 Sentence denotes However, alternative measures of malnutrition may be required to definitively investigate the role of malnutrition in the prognosis of canine PLE.
TextSentencer_T1499 203560-203683 Sentence denotes Total FFA concentrations at baseline were not significantly increased in dogs with CE relative to healthy dogs (p = 0.099).
T63329 203560-203683 Sentence denotes Total FFA concentrations at baseline were not significantly increased in dogs with CE relative to healthy dogs (p = 0.099).
TextSentencer_T1500 203684-203828 Sentence denotes The healthy canine FFA reference interval was found to be 12-26 mg/mg, and 44% (25/57) of dogs with CE had increased FFA (median ± SD, [minmax]:
T92279 203684-203828 Sentence denotes The healthy canine FFA reference interval was found to be 12-26 mg/mg, and 44% (25/57) of dogs with CE had increased FFA (median ± SD, [minmax]:
TextSentencer_T1501 203829-203857 Sentence denotes 66 ± 37 mg/mg, , p < 0.001).
T38373 203829-203857 Sentence denotes 66 ± 37 mg/mg, , p < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T1502 203858-204132 Sentence denotes The FFA concentrations for these dogs after one month of treatment were significantly decreased (19 ± 35 mg/mg, , p < 0.001) and were no longer statistically different from the healthy dogs (p = 0.64), with 60% (15/25) no longer exceeding the healthy dog reference interval.
T65197 203858-204132 Sentence denotes The FFA concentrations for these dogs after one month of treatment were significantly decreased (19 ± 35 mg/mg, , p < 0.001) and were no longer statistically different from the healthy dogs (p = 0.64), with 60% (15/25) no longer exceeding the healthy dog reference interval.
TextSentencer_T1503 204133-204216 Sentence denotes Therefore, further analysis on the granulomatous gastritis in 11 MDs was performed.
T80350 204133-204216 Sentence denotes Therefore, further analysis on the granulomatous gastritis in 11 MDs was performed.
TextSentencer_T1504 204217-204329 Sentence denotes Median age was 75 months (range, 20-118 months); there were 6 male (3 castrated) and 5 female (all spayed) dogs.
T23830 204217-204329 Sentence denotes Median age was 75 months (range, 20-118 months); there were 6 male (3 castrated) and 5 female (all spayed) dogs.
TextSentencer_T1505 204330-204466 Sentence denotes Six dogs had a history of suture-associated granuloma, which were surgically resected 1-25 months prior to their inclusion in the study.
T1614 204330-204466 Sentence denotes Six dogs had a history of suture-associated granuloma, which were surgically resected 1-25 months prior to their inclusion in the study.
TextSentencer_T1506 204467-204643 Sentence denotes Fever was commonly observed (median 39.0 C, range 37.5-40.1 C), and elevated serum C-reactive protein (>1.0 mg/dl) was observed in 9 dogs (median 10 mg/dl, range 0.1-20 mg/dl).
T94060 204467-204643 Sentence denotes Fever was commonly observed (median 39.0 C, range 37.5-40.1 C), and elevated serum C-reactive protein (>1.0 mg/dl) was observed in 9 dogs (median 10 mg/dl, range 0.1-20 mg/dl).
TextSentencer_T1507 204644-204722 Sentence denotes On histopathologic examination, no foreign material was detected in all cases.
T41028 204644-204722 Sentence denotes On histopathologic examination, no foreign material was detected in all cases.
TextSentencer_T1508 204723-204812 Sentence denotes Four dogs initially underwent pyloroplasty or gastroduodenostomy to resect the granuloma.
T473 204723-204812 Sentence denotes Four dogs initially underwent pyloroplasty or gastroduodenostomy to resect the granuloma.
TextSentencer_T1509 204813-205060 Sentence denotes Subsequently, they received immunosuppressive therapy within 2 months after the surgery due to recurrence of the lesion (n = 2) or based on the veterinarians'; decision (n = 2); the other 7 dogs were initially treated with immunosuppressive drugs.
T40813 204813-205060 Sentence denotes Subsequently, they received immunosuppressive therapy within 2 months after the surgery due to recurrence of the lesion (n = 2) or based on the veterinarians'; decision (n = 2); the other 7 dogs were initially treated with immunosuppressive drugs.
TextSentencer_T1510 205061-205189 Sentence denotes As a result, all dogs received immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone (1-3 mg/kg/ day) and/or cyclosporine (5-6 mg/kg/day).
T64133 205061-205189 Sentence denotes As a result, all dogs received immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone (1-3 mg/kg/ day) and/or cyclosporine (5-6 mg/kg/day).
TextSentencer_T1511 205190-205366 Sentence denotes After the initiation of immunosuppression, clinical signs were resolved and serum C-reactive protein concentration decreased to the reference range in all dogs within 2 months.
T45124 205190-205366 Sentence denotes After the initiation of immunosuppression, clinical signs were resolved and serum C-reactive protein concentration decreased to the reference range in all dogs within 2 months.
TextSentencer_T1512 205367-205507 Sentence denotes Nine of the 11 dogs showed recurrence of the lesion when prednisolone was tapered (median duration from the initiation of immunosuppression:
T37256 205367-205507 Sentence denotes Nine of the 11 dogs showed recurrence of the lesion when prednisolone was tapered (median duration from the initiation of immunosuppression:
TextSentencer_T1513 205508-205523 Sentence denotes 55 days, range:
T57460 205508-205523 Sentence denotes 55 days, range:
TextSentencer_T1514 205524-205690 Sentence denotes 14-394 days); they responded well to re-induction of immunosuppression with higher-dose prednisolone (2-4 mg/kg/day) or with addition of cyclosporine or azathioprine.
T81515 205524-205690 Sentence denotes 14-394 days); they responded well to re-induction of immunosuppression with higher-dose prednisolone (2-4 mg/kg/day) or with addition of cyclosporine or azathioprine.
TextSentencer_T1515 205691-205822 Sentence denotes Median follow-up period was 462 days (range, 28-2,343 days), and 3 dogs died at 40, 322, and 1,450 days after initial presentation.
T99569 205691-205822 Sentence denotes Median follow-up period was 462 days (range, 28-2,343 days), and 3 dogs died at 40, 322, and 1,450 days after initial presentation.
TextSentencer_T1516 205823-205903 Sentence denotes The causes of death were aspiration pneumonia (n = 2) and hepatic tumor (n = 1).
T68082 205823-205903 Sentence denotes The causes of death were aspiration pneumonia (n = 2) and hepatic tumor (n = 1).
TextSentencer_T1517 205904-206114 Sentence denotes In conclusion, immunosuppressive therapy was effective in the management of granulomatous gastritis in MDs, and prevention of vomiting (i.e. aspiration pneumonia) may be important for ensuring a good prognosis.
T95849 205904-206114 Sentence denotes In conclusion, immunosuppressive therapy was effective in the management of granulomatous gastritis in MDs, and prevention of vomiting (i.e. aspiration pneumonia) may be important for ensuring a good prognosis.
TextSentencer_T1518 206115-206273 Sentence denotes As described in a previous study, granulomatous gastritis was likely to occur in MDs, and a history of suture-associated granuloma seemed to be a risk factor.
T12781 206115-206273 Sentence denotes As described in a previous study, granulomatous gastritis was likely to occur in MDs, and a history of suture-associated granuloma seemed to be a risk factor.
TextSentencer_T1519 206274-206349 Sentence denotes However, there were several cases of dogs that had never undergone surgery.
T75527 206274-206349 Sentence denotes However, there were several cases of dogs that had never undergone surgery.
TextSentencer_T1520 206350-206431 Sentence denotes Future studies on the innate immune systems of dogs in these cases are warranted.
T67360 206350-206431 Sentence denotes Future studies on the innate immune systems of dogs in these cases are warranted.
TextSentencer_T1521 206432-206632 Sentence denotes Hirotaka Igarashi 1 , Keisuke Konishi 2 , Eri Uchida 3 , Takashi Tamamoto The expression levels of all tested genes, with the exception of IL-4, were significantly up-regulated in the polypoid lesion.
T39521 206432-206632 Sentence denotes Hirotaka Igarashi 1 , Keisuke Konishi 2 , Eri Uchida 3 , Takashi Tamamoto The expression levels of all tested genes, with the exception of IL-4, were significantly up-regulated in the polypoid lesion.
TextSentencer_T1522 206633-206897 Sentence denotes When the rate of increase in the expression of each gene was compared, the rates of increase of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17 were significantly higher than that of IL-10, whereas the rates of increase of IFN-γ and TNF-α were significantly lower than that of IL-10.
T88935 206633-206897 Sentence denotes When the rate of increase in the expression of each gene was compared, the rates of increase of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17 were significantly higher than that of IL-10, whereas the rates of increase of IFN-γ and TNF-α were significantly lower than that of IL-10.
TextSentencer_T1523 206898-207058 Sentence denotes The number of Tregs in the polypoid lesion was significantly increased compared to that in the noninflamed colonic mucosa of ICRP-affected MDs and control dogs.
T74376 206898-207058 Sentence denotes The number of Tregs in the polypoid lesion was significantly increased compared to that in the noninflamed colonic mucosa of ICRP-affected MDs and control dogs.
TextSentencer_T1524 207059-207136 Sentence denotes The number of macrophages was not significantly different between the groups.
T33066 207059-207136 Sentence denotes The number of macrophages was not significantly different between the groups.
TextSentencer_T1525 207137-207271 Sentence denotes There was a significant positive correlation between the expression level of IL-10 gene and that of Foxp3 gene (r = 0.749, P < 0.001).
T35227 207137-207271 Sentence denotes There was a significant positive correlation between the expression level of IL-10 gene and that of Foxp3 gene (r = 0.749, P < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T1526 207272-207422 Sentence denotes In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between the expression level of IL-10 gene and the number of Tregs (r = 0.527, P < 0.01).
T91705 207272-207422 Sentence denotes In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between the expression level of IL-10 gene and the number of Tregs (r = 0.527, P < 0.01).
TextSentencer_T1527 207423-207562 Sentence denotes In summary, the upregulation of IL-10 was significantly correlated with the distribution of Tregs in polypoid lesions of ICRP-affected MDs.
T55761 207423-207562 Sentence denotes In summary, the upregulation of IL-10 was significantly correlated with the distribution of Tregs in polypoid lesions of ICRP-affected MDs.
TextSentencer_T1528 207563-207700 Sentence denotes However, the rate of increase in the expression level of IL-10 was relatively low compared to that of proinflammatory and Th17 cytokines.
T3850 207563-207700 Sentence denotes However, the rate of increase in the expression level of IL-10 was relatively low compared to that of proinflammatory and Th17 cytokines.
TextSentencer_T1529 207701-207900 Sentence denotes Therefore, the increase in numbers of Tregs and antiinflammatory cytokines in polypoid lesions was considered to be a reactive change and was insufficient to regulate the development of inflammation.
T34101 207701-207900 Sentence denotes Therefore, the increase in numbers of Tregs and antiinflammatory cytokines in polypoid lesions was considered to be a reactive change and was insufficient to regulate the development of inflammation.
TextSentencer_T1530 207901-208192 Sentence denotes Further analysis on the association between Treg distribution in the lesion and the prognosis, including the response to immunosuppressive therapy, are warranted.No The affected dogs were housed in a single shelter and the design was approved by the shelter and by the Clinical Review Board.
T82500 207901-208192 Sentence denotes Further analysis on the association between Treg distribution in the lesion and the prognosis, including the response to immunosuppressive therapy, are warranted.No The affected dogs were housed in a single shelter and the design was approved by the shelter and by the Clinical Review Board.
TextSentencer_T1531 208193-208343 Sentence denotes A fecal score was determined by 1 of 4 trained observers that was masked to the diet groups on each sample by comparing to a standardized score sheet:
T17067 208193-208343 Sentence denotes A fecal score was determined by 1 of 4 trained observers that was masked to the diet groups on each sample by comparing to a standardized score sheet:
TextSentencer_T1532 208344-208557 Sentence denotes 0 = no stool; 1 = very hard and dry; 2 = firm but not hard; 3 = normal, little or no segmentation, moist; 4 = very moist, log shaped; 5 = very moist, piles; 6 = texture but no defined shape; and 7 = watery puddle.
T2914 208344-208557 Sentence denotes 0 = no stool; 1 = very hard and dry; 2 = firm but not hard; 3 = normal, little or no segmentation, moist; 4 = very moist, log shaped; 5 = very moist, piles; 6 = texture but no defined shape; and 7 = watery puddle.
TextSentencer_T1533 208558-208674 Sentence denotes To qualify for the study, each dog had to present with a fecal score > 4 and have hematochezia, mucus, or straining.
T35472 208558-208674 Sentence denotes To qualify for the study, each dog had to present with a fecal score > 4 and have hematochezia, mucus, or straining.
TextSentencer_T1534 208675-208862 Sentence denotes The dogs were randomized to be fed 1 of the 2 diets and all were administered fenbendazole at 50 mg/kg, PO, daily for 5 days and metronidazole at 10 -15 mg/kg, PO, twice daily for 5 days.
T91285 208675-208862 Sentence denotes The dogs were randomized to be fed 1 of the 2 diets and all were administered fenbendazole at 50 mg/kg, PO, daily for 5 days and metronidazole at 10 -15 mg/kg, PO, twice daily for 5 days.
TextSentencer_T1535 208863-208948 Sentence denotes A dog had to be in the study for at least 4 days to be included in the data analysis.
T79898 208863-208948 Sentence denotes A dog had to be in the study for at least 4 days to be included in the data analysis.
TextSentencer_T1536 208949-209216 Sentence denotes The proportions of dogs with a fecal score of less than 5 on the day of adoption or the last study day (Day 9) and the proportions of stools in each group with a fecal score of greater than 3 were compared by Fisher's exact test with significance defined as P < 0.05.
T56706 208949-209216 Sentence denotes The proportions of dogs with a fecal score of less than 5 on the day of adoption or the last study day (Day 9) and the proportions of stools in each group with a fecal score of greater than 3 were compared by Fisher's exact test with significance defined as P < 0.05.
TextSentencer_T1537 209217-209331 Sentence denotes A total of 52 dogs were entered into this pilot study, with 22 dogs (11 per diet) completing the protocol to date.
T3723 209217-209331 Sentence denotes A total of 52 dogs were entered into this pilot study, with 22 dogs (11 per diet) completing the protocol to date.
TextSentencer_T1538 209332-209803 Sentence denotes All of the dogs fed the high fiber diet had a fecal score less than 5 on the last day of the study which was statistically different than dogs fed the control diet ( A total of 17 fecal samples from dogs with acute diarrhea treated with either FMT (2.5 to 5 g of donor stool/kg diluted in 60 cc saline via enema; n = 10) or metronidazole (MTZ at 15mg/kg PO BID for 7 days; n = 7) were collected before (T0), after 1 week (T2), and after 4 weeks (T3) of each intervention.
T74608 209332-209803 Sentence denotes All of the dogs fed the high fiber diet had a fecal score less than 5 on the last day of the study which was statistically different than dogs fed the control diet ( A total of 17 fecal samples from dogs with acute diarrhea treated with either FMT (2.5 to 5 g of donor stool/kg diluted in 60 cc saline via enema; n = 10) or metronidazole (MTZ at 15mg/kg PO BID for 7 days; n = 7) were collected before (T0), after 1 week (T2), and after 4 weeks (T3) of each intervention.
TextSentencer_T1539 209804-210095 Sentence denotes Fecal DNA was evaluated for quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis for selected bacterial groups (total bacteria, Faecalibacterium spp., Turicibacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Blautia spp., Fusobacterium spp., and C. hiranonis) and results were used to calculate the Dysbiosis Index (DI).
T59512 209804-210095 Sentence denotes Fecal DNA was evaluated for quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis for selected bacterial groups (total bacteria, Faecalibacterium spp., Turicibacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Blautia spp., Fusobacterium spp., and C. hiranonis) and results were used to calculate the Dysbiosis Index (DI).
TextSentencer_T1540 210096-210183 Sentence denotes Feces were evaluated using a fecal scoring system (Nestle PURINA fecal scoring system).
T35232 210096-210183 Sentence denotes Feces were evaluated using a fecal scoring system (Nestle PURINA fecal scoring system).
TextSentencer_T1541 210184-210271 Sentence denotes DI and the fecal score were compared between both groups using a Wilcoxon ranksum test.
T97189 210184-210271 Sentence denotes DI and the fecal score were compared between both groups using a Wilcoxon ranksum test.
TextSentencer_T1542 210272-210368 Sentence denotes The presence of dysbiosis (DI > 0) was compared between both groups using a fisher's exact test.
T45075 210272-210368 Sentence denotes The presence of dysbiosis (DI > 0) was compared between both groups using a fisher's exact test.
TextSentencer_T1543 210369-210427 Sentence denotes A p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
T38309 210369-210427 Sentence denotes A p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
TextSentencer_T1544 210428-210556 Sentence denotes The fecal score did not differ significantly between the 2 groups at either T0 or at T2 (p = 0.200 and p = 0.116, respectively).
T49056 210428-210556 Sentence denotes The fecal score did not differ significantly between the 2 groups at either T0 or at T2 (p = 0.200 and p = 0.116, respectively).
TextSentencer_T1545 210557-210647 Sentence denotes At T3, the FMT group had a significantly lower fecal score than the MTZ group (p = 0.020).
T70980 210557-210647 Sentence denotes At T3, the FMT group had a significantly lower fecal score than the MTZ group (p = 0.020).
TextSentencer_T1546 210648-210721 Sentence denotes DI did not differ significantly at T0 between the two groups (p = 0.961).
T14918 210648-210721 Sentence denotes DI did not differ significantly at T0 between the two groups (p = 0.961).
TextSentencer_T1547 210722-210839 Sentence denotes At T2 and T3, the FMT group had a significantly lower DI than the MTZ groups (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively).
T90360 210722-210839 Sentence denotes At T2 and T3, the FMT group had a significantly lower DI than the MTZ groups (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively).
TextSentencer_T1548 210840-211062 Sentence denotes Recovery from dysbiosis was also evaluated, and the FMT group had a significantly lower rate of dysbiosis (30% [3/10] Fat-loading resulted in significantly longer gastric transit times when compared to controls (p < 0.01).
T97677 210840-211062 Sentence denotes Recovery from dysbiosis was also evaluated, and the FMT group had a significantly lower rate of dysbiosis (30% [3/10] Fat-loading resulted in significantly longer gastric transit times when compared to controls (p < 0.01).
TextSentencer_T1549 211063-211194 Sentence denotes Also, gastric retention of the capsules occurred significantly more commonly in dogs fed either corn oil or dairy cream (p < 0.01).
T53191 211063-211194 Sentence denotes Also, gastric retention of the capsules occurred significantly more commonly in dogs fed either corn oil or dairy cream (p < 0.01).
TextSentencer_T1550 211195-211346 Sentence denotes While 10/16 fat-loading studies resulted in gastric retention of the capsule for more than 12 hours, none of the control studies had gastric retention.
T2648 211195-211346 Sentence denotes While 10/16 fat-loading studies resulted in gastric retention of the capsule for more than 12 hours, none of the control studies had gastric retention.
TextSentencer_T1551 211347-211463 Sentence denotes In addition, gastric retention occurred significantly more often with dogs fed corn oil than dairy cream (p < 0.05).
T29847 211347-211463 Sentence denotes In addition, gastric retention occurred significantly more often with dogs fed corn oil than dairy cream (p < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T1552 211464-211763 Sentence denotes Though gastric retention limited the number of cases where visual assessment of the small intestinal mucosa could be performed, 5/6 fat-loaded studies were subjectively judged to have moderate to marked prominence of villi with increased numbers of dilated lacteals when compared to control studies.
T47281 211464-211763 Sentence denotes Though gastric retention limited the number of cases where visual assessment of the small intestinal mucosa could be performed, 5/6 fat-loaded studies were subjectively judged to have moderate to marked prominence of villi with increased numbers of dilated lacteals when compared to control studies.
TextSentencer_T1553 211764-211861 Sentence denotes Small intestinal wall thickness did not differ significantly between control and fat-loaded dogs.
T84089 211764-211861 Sentence denotes Small intestinal wall thickness did not differ significantly between control and fat-loaded dogs.
TextSentencer_T1554 211862-211995 Sentence denotes However, mucosal speckling scores of the jejunum were significantly greater in dogs fed cream or oil than in control dogs (p < 0.05).
T54403 211862-211995 Sentence denotes However, mucosal speckling scores of the jejunum were significantly greater in dogs fed cream or oil than in control dogs (p < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T1555 211996-212236 Sentence denotes Though fat-loading might increase prominence of duodenal villi, gastric transit times were significantly prolonged resulting in the inability of capsule endoscopy to visually assess the small intestines in over half the cases in this study.
T37327 211996-212236 Sentence denotes Though fat-loading might increase prominence of duodenal villi, gastric transit times were significantly prolonged resulting in the inability of capsule endoscopy to visually assess the small intestines in over half the cases in this study.
TextSentencer_T1556 212237-212439 Sentence denotes Future studies investigating fat-loading techniques should include the use of traditional push endoscopy to overcome this limitation and allow consistent assessment of the intestinal mucosal appearance.
T46807 212237-212439 Sentence denotes Future studies investigating fat-loading techniques should include the use of traditional push endoscopy to overcome this limitation and allow consistent assessment of the intestinal mucosal appearance.
TextSentencer_T1557 212440-212559 Sentence denotes Immunolocalization of S100A12 and its association with Helicobacter spp colonization in canine gastric mucosa Rafael R.
T19956 212440-212559 Sentence denotes Immunolocalization of S100A12 and its association with Helicobacter spp colonization in canine gastric mucosa Rafael R.
TextSentencer_T1558 212560-212742 Sentence denotes Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia S100A12 is a novel inflammatory marker that has been evaluated in both humans and animals.
T750 212560-212742 Sentence denotes Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia S100A12 is a novel inflammatory marker that has been evaluated in both humans and animals.
TextSentencer_T1559 212743-212876 Sentence denotes Increased concentrations of S100A12 in the gastric mucosa of humans with Helicobacter pylori infection have previously been reported.
T70105 212743-212876 Sentence denotes Increased concentrations of S100A12 in the gastric mucosa of humans with Helicobacter pylori infection have previously been reported.
TextSentencer_T1560 212877-213060 Sentence denotes The gastric mucosa of dogs is frequently colonized by several Helicobacter species, however there is a poor association between Helicobacter organism density and mucosal inflammation.
T37460 212877-213060 Sentence denotes The gastric mucosa of dogs is frequently colonized by several Helicobacter species, however there is a poor association between Helicobacter organism density and mucosal inflammation.
TextSentencer_T1561 213061-213361 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to evaluate gastric tissue localization of S100A12 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in dogs and determine correlations between the density of Helicobacter organisms and S100A12 containing cells in the lamina propria of dogs with gastric disease and in healthy control dogs.
T47895 213061-213361 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to evaluate gastric tissue localization of S100A12 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in dogs and determine correlations between the density of Helicobacter organisms and S100A12 containing cells in the lamina propria of dogs with gastric disease and in healthy control dogs.
TextSentencer_T1562 213362-213848 Sentence denotes Localization of S100A12 positive cells and Helicobacter organisms was studied using paraffin-embedded gastric biopsies, 11 from dogs with chronic gastritis and 9 from healthy control dogs (5 of these were obtained post-mortem after the patient had presented to the emergency service at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Texas A&M University, none of which had gross or histopathological lesions suggesting gastrointestinal disease and 4 were research dogs from Universidad de Caldas).
T80938 213362-213848 Sentence denotes Localization of S100A12 positive cells and Helicobacter organisms was studied using paraffin-embedded gastric biopsies, 11 from dogs with chronic gastritis and 9 from healthy control dogs (5 of these were obtained post-mortem after the patient had presented to the emergency service at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Texas A&M University, none of which had gross or histopathological lesions suggesting gastrointestinal disease and 4 were research dogs from Universidad de Caldas).
TextSentencer_T1563 213849-213974 Sentence denotes No dog had received antibiotic or corticosteroid treatment in the last two weeks prior to the collection of gastric biopsies.
T3172 213849-213974 Sentence denotes No dog had received antibiotic or corticosteroid treatment in the last two weeks prior to the collection of gastric biopsies.
TextSentencer_T1564 213975-214258 Sentence denotes IHC was performed using antibodies directed against canine S100A12 (cS100A12) and Helicobacter spp., respectively. cS100A12 staining in the lamina propria was quantified and classified into absent, mild, moderate, or severe and Helicobacter density was graded using similar criteria.
T46430 213975-214258 Sentence denotes IHC was performed using antibodies directed against canine S100A12 (cS100A12) and Helicobacter spp., respectively. cS100A12 staining in the lamina propria was quantified and classified into absent, mild, moderate, or severe and Helicobacter density was graded using similar criteria.
TextSentencer_T1565 214259-214381 Sentence denotes Histopathological evaluation was conducted following the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) grading scheme.
T44816 214259-214381 Sentence denotes Histopathological evaluation was conducted following the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) grading scheme.
TextSentencer_T1566 214382-214529 Sentence denotes Spearman';s rank correlation was used to evaluate any possible associations between cS100A12 with Helicobacter density and histopathology findings.
T38186 214382-214529 Sentence denotes Spearman';s rank correlation was used to evaluate any possible associations between cS100A12 with Helicobacter density and histopathology findings.
TextSentencer_T1567 214530-214620 Sentence denotes A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare ordinal variables between healthy and sick dogs.
T71881 214530-214620 Sentence denotes A Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare ordinal variables between healthy and sick dogs.
TextSentencer_T1568 214621-214778 Sentence denotes Immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding to gut bacteria likely activates immune responses locally and systemically however it has never been investigated in dog IBD yet.
T12065 214621-214778 Sentence denotes Immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding to gut bacteria likely activates immune responses locally and systemically however it has never been investigated in dog IBD yet.
TextSentencer_T1569 214779-214924 Sentence denotes Therefore, our study investigated whether the humoral immune response against commensal gut bacteria in IBD is greater than that of healthy dogs.
T94784 214779-214924 Sentence denotes Therefore, our study investigated whether the humoral immune response against commensal gut bacteria in IBD is greater than that of healthy dogs.
TextSentencer_T1570 214925-215055 Sentence denotes Additionally, whether the Ig-binding bacteria potentially triggers an exacerbated immune response that aggravates gut homeostasis.
T45249 214925-215055 Sentence denotes Additionally, whether the Ig-binding bacteria potentially triggers an exacerbated immune response that aggravates gut homeostasis.
TextSentencer_T1571 215056-215197 Sentence denotes Fresh fecal material was collected from 20 IBD dogs and 9 clinical healthy dogs (mean age ± SD = 6.1 ± 3.9 and 6.6 ± 2.1 years respectively).
T81239 215056-215197 Sentence denotes Fresh fecal material was collected from 20 IBD dogs and 9 clinical healthy dogs (mean age ± SD = 6.1 ± 3.9 and 6.6 ± 2.1 years respectively).
TextSentencer_T1572 215198-215319 Sentence denotes All patients were diagnostic confirmed by endoscopic biopsy and had no history of receiving immunosuppressive medication.
T70929 215198-215319 Sentence denotes All patients were diagnostic confirmed by endoscopic biopsy and had no history of receiving immunosuppressive medication.
TextSentencer_T1573 215320-215459 Sentence denotes This work compares the amount of fecal bacteria binding to IgG and IgA in vivo between IBD and healthy canines by flow cytometric analysis.
T39697 215320-215459 Sentence denotes This work compares the amount of fecal bacteria binding to IgG and IgA in vivo between IBD and healthy canines by flow cytometric analysis.
TextSentencer_T1574 215460-215668 Sentence denotes In addition, the extent of macrophage phagocytosis and macrophage activation by fecal bacteria derived from IBD vs. healthy dogs were investigated by both flow cytometric analysis and ELISA (TNF-α and IL-10).
T78669 215460-215668 Sentence denotes In addition, the extent of macrophage phagocytosis and macrophage activation by fecal bacteria derived from IBD vs. healthy dogs were investigated by both flow cytometric analysis and ELISA (TNF-α and IL-10).
TextSentencer_T1575 215669-215776 Sentence denotes Comparison between groups was evaluated using t-test and statistical significant was set at P < 0.05 level.
T74544 215669-215776 Sentence denotes Comparison between groups was evaluated using t-test and statistical significant was set at P < 0.05 level.
TextSentencer_T1576 215777-215978 Sentence denotes We found that fecal bacteria from IBD dogs already bound both IgA and IgG subclasses of Ig at significantly higher levels and extensive than bacteria from normal dogs (IgA; P = 0.018, IgG; P = 0.0002).
T49219 215777-215978 Sentence denotes We found that fecal bacteria from IBD dogs already bound both IgA and IgG subclasses of Ig at significantly higher levels and extensive than bacteria from normal dogs (IgA; P = 0.018, IgG; P = 0.0002).
TextSentencer_T1577 215979-216233 Sentence denotes Interestingly, there was no correlation between % Ig-bound bacteria and the degree of scoring index (Canine IBD Activity Index; CIBDAI; 6.8 ± 3.73 (mean ± SD), r = 0.19 and Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index; CCECAI; 8.2 ± 4.2, r = 0.27).
T78069 215979-216233 Sentence denotes Interestingly, there was no correlation between % Ig-bound bacteria and the degree of scoring index (Canine IBD Activity Index; CIBDAI; 6.8 ± 3.73 (mean ± SD), r = 0.19 and Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index; CCECAI; 8.2 ± 4.2, r = 0.27).
TextSentencer_T1578 216234-216475 Sentence denotes Moreover, our results suggested that the IgG which bound to gut bacteria was mainly derived from local mucosal immune activity; not systemically; since serum incubation with E. coli isolates was not different between IBD and healthy animals.
T6129 216234-216475 Sentence denotes Moreover, our results suggested that the IgG which bound to gut bacteria was mainly derived from local mucosal immune activity; not systemically; since serum incubation with E. coli isolates was not different between IBD and healthy animals.
TextSentencer_T1579 216476-216729 Sentence denotes In addition, when compared to bacteria from normal control animals, IBD fecal bacteria significantly stimulated higher levels of phagocytosis in canine primary macrophage (P = 0.02) as well as in DH82 cells; canine macrophage tumor cell line (P = 0.04).
T95669 216476-216729 Sentence denotes In addition, when compared to bacteria from normal control animals, IBD fecal bacteria significantly stimulated higher levels of phagocytosis in canine primary macrophage (P = 0.02) as well as in DH82 cells; canine macrophage tumor cell line (P = 0.04).
TextSentencer_T1580 216730-216851 Sentence denotes The upregulation of surface activation markers (MHC II, CD40, CD86 and CD80) in response from both groups was comparable.
T84859 216730-216851 Sentence denotes The upregulation of surface activation markers (MHC II, CD40, CD86 and CD80) in response from both groups was comparable.
TextSentencer_T1581 216852-216986 Sentence denotes Phagocytosis of IBD gut bacteria activated macrophages and stimulated higher production of TNF-α than normal gut bacteria (P = 0.047).
T90682 216852-216986 Sentence denotes Phagocytosis of IBD gut bacteria activated macrophages and stimulated higher production of TNF-α than normal gut bacteria (P = 0.047).
TextSentencer_T1582 216987-217159 Sentence denotes In contrast, IL-10 production from primary macrophages incubated with IBD fecal bacteria was significantly decreased compared to normal flora from healthy dogs (P = 0.045).
T37836 216987-217159 Sentence denotes In contrast, IL-10 production from primary macrophages incubated with IBD fecal bacteria was significantly decreased compared to normal flora from healthy dogs (P = 0.045).
TextSentencer_T1583 217160-217321 Sentence denotes Overall, the results showed that IBD dogs had higher Ig-bound fecal Fecal samples were obtained from healthy dogs (n = 24) and dogs with acute diarrhea (n = 11).
T46961 217160-217321 Sentence denotes Overall, the results showed that IBD dogs had higher Ig-bound fecal Fecal samples were obtained from healthy dogs (n = 24) and dogs with acute diarrhea (n = 11).
TextSentencer_T1584 217322-217525 Sentence denotes DNA was extracted for analysis of major bacterial groups by qPCR, and a targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay was used to quantify fatty acid, sterol, and bile acid concentrations in feces.
T46139 217322-217525 Sentence denotes DNA was extracted for analysis of major bacterial groups by qPCR, and a targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay was used to quantify fatty acid, sterol, and bile acid concentrations in feces.
TextSentencer_T1585 217526-217670 Sentence denotes A dysbiosis index was calculated based on the abundances of major bacterial taxa (DI; reference limit < 0 with values ≥ 0 indicating dysbiosis).
T71446 217526-217670 Sentence denotes A dysbiosis index was calculated based on the abundances of major bacterial taxa (DI; reference limit < 0 with values ≥ 0 indicating dysbiosis).
TextSentencer_T1586 217671-217765 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis was performed using Mann Whitney tests with significance set at p < 0.05.
T97126 217671-217765 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis was performed using Mann Whitney tests with significance set at p < 0.05.
TextSentencer_T1587 217766-217944 Sentence denotes Fecal concentrations of stearic acid (p = 0.018), arachidonic acid (p < 0.001), and nervonic acid (p = 0.037) were increased in dogs with acute diarrhea compared to healthy dogs.
T46403 217766-217944 Sentence denotes Fecal concentrations of stearic acid (p = 0.018), arachidonic acid (p < 0.001), and nervonic acid (p = 0.037) were increased in dogs with acute diarrhea compared to healthy dogs.
TextSentencer_T1588 217945-218219 Sentence denotes Cholesterol (p = 0.018) concentration was increased, while coprostanol (p = 0.047), campesterol (p = 0.002), stigmasterol (p = 0.029), fucosterol (p < 0.001), β-sitosterol (p < 0.001), and sitostanol (p < 0.001) concentrations were all decreased in dogs with acute diarrhea.
T8756 217945-218219 Sentence denotes Cholesterol (p = 0.018) concentration was increased, while coprostanol (p = 0.047), campesterol (p = 0.002), stigmasterol (p = 0.029), fucosterol (p < 0.001), β-sitosterol (p < 0.001), and sitostanol (p < 0.001) concentrations were all decreased in dogs with acute diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T1589 218220-218342 Sentence denotes The ratio of secondary bile acids to total bile acids concentration was decreased in dogs with acute diarrhea (p = 0.039).
T22340 218220-218342 Sentence denotes The ratio of secondary bile acids to total bile acids concentration was decreased in dogs with acute diarrhea (p = 0.039).
TextSentencer_T1590 218343-218456 Sentence denotes The dysbiosis index was significantly increased in dogs with acute diarrhea (p < 0.001) compared to healthy dogs.
T94969 218343-218456 Sentence denotes The dysbiosis index was significantly increased in dogs with acute diarrhea (p < 0.001) compared to healthy dogs.
TextSentencer_T1591 218457-218606 Sentence denotes In conclusion, our results suggest that numerous metabolic changes occur concurrently with alterations of the microbiota in dogs with acute diarrhea.
T70291 218457-218606 Sentence denotes In conclusion, our results suggest that numerous metabolic changes occur concurrently with alterations of the microbiota in dogs with acute diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T1592 218607-218735 Sentence denotes Fecal metabolite patterns in some dogs with acute diarrhea resemble those found in humans with bile acid or fatty acid diarrhea.
T91680 218607-218735 Sentence denotes Fecal metabolite patterns in some dogs with acute diarrhea resemble those found in humans with bile acid or fatty acid diarrhea.
TextSentencer_T1593 218736-219048 Sentence denotes In humans, mice and pigs, Paneth cells locate in crypts close to intesti- In the present study, we performed a targeted re-sequencing of the two Mb region on Ch11, including all 10 of the newly identified candidate genes, using a custom-designed sequence capture array (SelectSure XT custom 0.5-2.9 Mb, Agilent).
T4933 218736-219048 Sentence denotes In humans, mice and pigs, Paneth cells locate in crypts close to intesti- In the present study, we performed a targeted re-sequencing of the two Mb region on Ch11, including all 10 of the newly identified candidate genes, using a custom-designed sequence capture array (SelectSure XT custom 0.5-2.9 Mb, Agilent).
TextSentencer_T1594 219049-219191 Sentence denotes In brief, a hybridization DNA library was prepared using the selectSure XT Library Prep Kit (Agilent) following the manufacturer instructions.
T51863 219049-219191 Sentence denotes In brief, a hybridization DNA library was prepared using the selectSure XT Library Prep Kit (Agilent) following the manufacturer instructions.
TextSentencer_T1595 219192-219378 Sentence denotes The targeted region on Ch11, 1Mb up-and downstream of the most significant SNPs, was captured using the custom-designed sequence capture array (SelectSure XT custom 0.5-2.9 Mb, Agilent).
T27386 219192-219378 Sentence denotes The targeted region on Ch11, 1Mb up-and downstream of the most significant SNPs, was captured using the custom-designed sequence capture array (SelectSure XT custom 0.5-2.9 Mb, Agilent).
TextSentencer_T1596 219379-219542 Sentence denotes Subsequently, captured libraries were indexed and subjected to DNA sequencing on Illumina platform, followed by alignment/mapping to the canine genome (CanFam3.1).
T79719 219379-219542 Sentence denotes Subsequently, captured libraries were indexed and subjected to DNA sequencing on Illumina platform, followed by alignment/mapping to the canine genome (CanFam3.1).
TextSentencer_T1597 219543-219679 Sentence denotes Haplotypecaller was used to call variants, followed by hard-filtering extracted SNPs and Indels as recommended in GATK's best practices.
T88348 219543-219679 Sentence denotes Haplotypecaller was used to call variants, followed by hard-filtering extracted SNPs and Indels as recommended in GATK's best practices.
TextSentencer_T1598 219680-219759 Sentence denotes SNPs were annotated using the SNPEff and Variant Effect Predicting (VEP) tools.
T50000 219680-219759 Sentence denotes SNPs were annotated using the SNPEff and Variant Effect Predicting (VEP) tools.
TextSentencer_T1599 219760-219837 Sentence denotes The variants were divided into different groups based on genomic coordinates.
T51656 219760-219837 Sentence denotes The variants were divided into different groups based on genomic coordinates.
TextSentencer_T1600 219838-220015 Sentence denotes The SNPs present only in cases (diagnosed with IBD), controls as well as overlapping SNPs with different alternative alleles in case vs control groups were further investigated.
T56894 219838-220015 Sentence denotes The SNPs present only in cases (diagnosed with IBD), controls as well as overlapping SNPs with different alternative alleles in case vs control groups were further investigated.
TextSentencer_T1601 220016-220182 Sentence denotes In the control group, 1 known missense SNP was identified in exon 1/10 of the SLC22A5 gene, which has been identified to be associated with IBD using both approaches.
T80277 220016-220182 Sentence denotes In the control group, 1 known missense SNP was identified in exon 1/10 of the SLC22A5 gene, which has been identified to be associated with IBD using both approaches.
TextSentencer_T1602 220183-220387 Sentence denotes This SNP was present in 7/20 con- In the case only group, we found one missense SNP (moderate impact, deleterious based on SIFT score) and one in the splice region (low impact, with 1/28 cases sequenced).
T90872 220183-220387 Sentence denotes This SNP was present in 7/20 con- In the case only group, we found one missense SNP (moderate impact, deleterious based on SIFT score) and one in the splice region (low impact, with 1/28 cases sequenced).
TextSentencer_T1603 220388-220538 Sentence denotes Seventeen SNPs (5 known and 12 new ones) were identified within 1kb upstream of gene TSS coordinates and 32 SNPs (7 known and 25 new ones) downstream.
T28414 220388-220538 Sentence denotes Seventeen SNPs (5 known and 12 new ones) were identified within 1kb upstream of gene TSS coordinates and 32 SNPs (7 known and 25 new ones) downstream.
TextSentencer_T1604 220539-220834 Sentence denotes Two of these SNPs with modifier impact were located within 1kb upstream of IL-3, a hematopoetic cytokine driving the development of myeloid stem cells, which was previously identified to be associated with IBD in both approaches that we used (enrichment and list of genes involved in human IBD).
T48819 220539-220834 Sentence denotes Two of these SNPs with modifier impact were located within 1kb upstream of IL-3, a hematopoetic cytokine driving the development of myeloid stem cells, which was previously identified to be associated with IBD in both approaches that we used (enrichment and list of genes involved in human IBD).
TextSentencer_T1605 220835-221147 Sentence denotes Two SNPs were found downstream of PDLIM (a protein with cysteine-rich double zinc fingers involved in proteinprotein interaction and cytoskeletal organisation) and IL-13 (involved in IgE synthesis, chitinase up-regulation and hyperresponsiveness of mucosal surfaces) and one new SNP was found downstream of IL-4.
T84019 220835-221147 Sentence denotes Two SNPs were found downstream of PDLIM (a protein with cysteine-rich double zinc fingers involved in proteinprotein interaction and cytoskeletal organisation) and IL-13 (involved in IgE synthesis, chitinase up-regulation and hyperresponsiveness of mucosal surfaces) and one new SNP was found downstream of IL-4.
TextSentencer_T1606 221148-221252 Sentence denotes Interestingly, all these genes have also been associated with a higher risk of development of human IBD.
T82012 221148-221252 Sentence denotes Interestingly, all these genes have also been associated with a higher risk of development of human IBD.
TextSentencer_T1607 221253-221475 Sentence denotes In summary, we have identified several SNPs in the genes for canine IL-3, IL-4, IL-13 and PDLIM, which, based on the known function of their corresponding proteins, further our insight into the pathogenesis of IBD in GSDs.
T81334 221253-221475 Sentence denotes In summary, we have identified several SNPs in the genes for canine IL-3, IL-4, IL-13 and PDLIM, which, based on the known function of their corresponding proteins, further our insight into the pathogenesis of IBD in GSDs.
TextSentencer_T1608 221476-221635 Sentence denotes Medical records of 300 cats that received a RBC transfusion and/or major crossmatch between January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016 were reviewed retrospectively.
T5917 221476-221635 Sentence denotes Medical records of 300 cats that received a RBC transfusion and/or major crossmatch between January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016 were reviewed retrospectively.
TextSentencer_T1609 221636-221842 Sentence denotes Information recorded included previous transfusion history, major and minor crossmatch results (tube method), volume of pRBCs administered, pre-and post-transfusion PCV, adverse events, and patient outcome.
T99242 221636-221842 Sentence denotes Information recorded included previous transfusion history, major and minor crossmatch results (tube method), volume of pRBCs administered, pre-and post-transfusion PCV, adverse events, and patient outcome.
TextSentencer_T1610 221843-221934 Sentence denotes For 10 cats, a crossmatch was performed using both the gel and tube methods for comparison.
T20248 221843-221934 Sentence denotes For 10 cats, a crossmatch was performed using both the gel and tube methods for comparison.
TextSentencer_T1611 221935-222134 Sentence denotes RBC compatibility data was available for 154 transfusion naïve cats, 23 (14.9%) of which showed some degree of incompatibility (1+ to 3+ hemagglutination) on the major crossmatch to 1 or more donors.
T25039 221935-222134 Sentence denotes RBC compatibility data was available for 154 transfusion naïve cats, 23 (14.9%) of which showed some degree of incompatibility (1+ to 3+ hemagglutination) on the major crossmatch to 1 or more donors.
TextSentencer_T1612 222135-222341 Sentence denotes Of 55 cats previously transfused, 15 cats (27%) were incompatible (1+ to 2+ hemagglutination) on the major crossmatch to 1 or more donors, significantly more than in the transfusion naïve group (P = 0.042).
T93258 222135-222341 Sentence denotes Of 55 cats previously transfused, 15 cats (27%) were incompatible (1+ to 2+ hemagglutination) on the major crossmatch to 1 or more donors, significantly more than in the transfusion naïve group (P = 0.042).
TextSentencer_T1613 222342-222561 Sentence denotes Packed RBC transfusions were administered to 249 cats, and a tube crossmatch was performed for 167 cats (67%) prior to their first pRBC transfusion; the remaining 82 cats received type-compatible, noncrossmatched pRBCs.
T78139 222342-222561 Sentence denotes Packed RBC transfusions were administered to 249 cats, and a tube crossmatch was performed for 167 cats (67%) prior to their first pRBC transfusion; the remaining 82 cats received type-compatible, noncrossmatched pRBCs.
TextSentencer_T1614 222562-222662 Sentence denotes The median volume of pRBCs administered during the first transfusion was 5.3 mL/kg (range, 2.4-18) .
T47092 222562-222662 Sentence denotes The median volume of pRBCs administered during the first transfusion was 5.3 mL/kg (range, 2.4-18) .
TextSentencer_T1615 222663-222828 Sentence denotes The median increase in PCV post-transfusion was 5%; cats receiving crossmatchcompatible pRBCs did not have a greater increase compared to those without a crossmatch.
T12017 222663-222828 Sentence denotes The median increase in PCV post-transfusion was 5%; cats receiving crossmatchcompatible pRBCs did not have a greater increase compared to those without a crossmatch.
TextSentencer_T1616 222829-223010 Sentence denotes Febrile transfusion reactions occurred more often in cats that received typed, non-crossmatched pRBCs (n = 8) than cats administered crossmatch-compatible pRBCs (n = 4) (P = 0.022).
T67289 222829-223010 Sentence denotes Febrile transfusion reactions occurred more often in cats that received typed, non-crossmatched pRBCs (n = 8) than cats administered crossmatch-compatible pRBCs (n = 4) (P = 0.022).
TextSentencer_T1617 223011-223099 Sentence denotes Of the 246 cats receiving pRBC transfusions, 188 (76.4%) survived to hospital discharge.
T10225 223011-223099 Sentence denotes Of the 246 cats receiving pRBC transfusions, 188 (76.4%) survived to hospital discharge.
TextSentencer_T1618 223100-223221 Sentence denotes A pre-transfusion crossmatch was not associated with improved survival to discharge or at 30 or 60 days post-transfusion.
T87663 223100-223221 Sentence denotes A pre-transfusion crossmatch was not associated with improved survival to discharge or at 30 or 60 days post-transfusion.
TextSentencer_T1619 223222-223323 Sentence denotes A crossmatch was performed using both the tube and gel method for 10 cats (total of 31 crossmatches).
T37564 223222-223323 Sentence denotes A crossmatch was performed using both the tube and gel method for 10 cats (total of 31 crossmatches).
TextSentencer_T1620 223324-223608 Sentence denotes For 9 recipient cats (24 crossmatches), there was agreement between results of the tube and gel methods, with the exception of 1 cat having a 2+ and 3+ major incompatibility to the same donor with the tube and gel methods, respectively, likely a result of the subjectivity of grading.
T13495 223324-223608 Sentence denotes For 9 recipient cats (24 crossmatches), there was agreement between results of the tube and gel methods, with the exception of 1 cat having a 2+ and 3+ major incompatibility to the same donor with the tube and gel methods, respectively, likely a result of the subjectivity of grading.
TextSentencer_T1621 223609-223805 Sentence denotes Differing results observed for 1 cat, with a negative tube but 4+ mixed field agglutination gel result for autocontrol and major crossmatch tests with 3 donors, were attributed to marked rouleaux.
T51143 223609-223805 Sentence denotes Differing results observed for 1 cat, with a negative tube but 4+ mixed field agglutination gel result for autocontrol and major crossmatch tests with 3 donors, were attributed to marked rouleaux.
TextSentencer_T1622 223806-223948 Sentence denotes Microscopic evaluation and saline replacement during the tube crossmatch supported an interpretation of rouleaux rather than hemagglutination.
T32570 223806-223948 Sentence denotes Microscopic evaluation and saline replacement during the tube crossmatch supported an interpretation of rouleaux rather than hemagglutination.
TextSentencer_T1623 223949-224227 Sentence denotes RBC incompatibility noted in 15% of transfusion naïve cats suggests that the prevalence of naturally occurring non-AB RBC alloantibodies is sufficiently high to justify the recommendation to perform a blood crossmatch prior to all (including the first) RBC transfusions in cats.
T42376 223949-224227 Sentence denotes RBC incompatibility noted in 15% of transfusion naïve cats suggests that the prevalence of naturally occurring non-AB RBC alloantibodies is sufficiently high to justify the recommendation to perform a blood crossmatch prior to all (including the first) RBC transfusions in cats.
TextSentencer_T1624 224228-224413 Sentence denotes The Use of High-Dose IgM-Enriched Human Immunoglobulin in Canine Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia Dogs diagnosed with primary IMHA at UK specialty hospitals were prospectively enrolled.
T46238 224228-224413 Sentence denotes The Use of High-Dose IgM-Enriched Human Immunoglobulin in Canine Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia Dogs diagnosed with primary IMHA at UK specialty hospitals were prospectively enrolled.
TextSentencer_T1625 224414-224484 Sentence denotes All dogs received prednisolone or dexamethasone alongside clopidogrel.
T75901 224414-224484 Sentence denotes All dogs received prednisolone or dexamethasone alongside clopidogrel.
TextSentencer_T1626 224485-224587 Sentence denotes Patients were randomized to receive Pentaglobin ® at 1g/kg on up to two occasions, or a control group.
T85026 224485-224587 Sentence denotes Patients were randomized to receive Pentaglobin ® at 1g/kg on up to two occasions, or a control group.
TextSentencer_T1627 224588-224764 Sentence denotes No additional immunosuppressive drugs were allowed within the first 7 days of treatment and other supportive treatments were given at the discretion of the attending clinician.
T60838 224588-224764 Sentence denotes No additional immunosuppressive drugs were allowed within the first 7 days of treatment and other supportive treatments were given at the discretion of the attending clinician.
TextSentencer_T1628 224765-224816 Sentence denotes Remission was defined as a stable PCV for 24 hours.
T64459 224765-224816 Sentence denotes Remission was defined as a stable PCV for 24 hours.
TextSentencer_T1629 224817-224950 Sentence denotes Ten of 11 dogs from the treatment group and 2 of 3 dogs from the control group achieved remission and survived to hospital discharge.
T84553 224817-224950 Sentence denotes Ten of 11 dogs from the treatment group and 2 of 3 dogs from the control group achieved remission and survived to hospital discharge.
TextSentencer_T1630 224951-225030 Sentence denotes Survival and time to remission were not significantly different between groups.
T70055 224951-225030 Sentence denotes Survival and time to remission were not significantly different between groups.
TextSentencer_T1631 225031-225155 Sentence denotes The volume of packed red blood cells transfused, normalized for body weight, was not significantly different between groups.
T24905 225031-225155 Sentence denotes The volume of packed red blood cells transfused, normalized for body weight, was not significantly different between groups.
TextSentencer_T1632 225156-225304 Sentence denotes Potential adverse reactions to Pentaglobin ® occurred in two patients but clinical signs may have been related to the patients'; underlying disease.
T18294 225156-225304 Sentence denotes Potential adverse reactions to Pentaglobin ® occurred in two patients but clinical signs may have been related to the patients'; underlying disease.
TextSentencer_T1633 225305-225434 Sentence denotes Treatment with high-dose Pentaglobin ® was well tolerated by patients but no significant advantage was found in this small study.
T53714 225305-225434 Sentence denotes Treatment with high-dose Pentaglobin ® was well tolerated by patients but no significant advantage was found in this small study.
TextSentencer_T1634 225435-225539 Sentence denotes Larger studies are warranted to identify any potential benefits. test at the end of the 2 week rotation.
T27281 225435-225539 Sentence denotes Larger studies are warranted to identify any potential benefits. test at the end of the 2 week rotation.
TextSentencer_T1635 225540-225655 Sentence denotes Immediately following the pretest, the treatment group received the learning module and module satisfaction survey.
T93038 225540-225655 Sentence denotes Immediately following the pretest, the treatment group received the learning module and module satisfaction survey.
TextSentencer_T1636 225656-225790 Sentence denotes The survey asked students to rate their level of agreement to 10 statements on a 1-5 scale (1= strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree).
T80221 225656-225790 Sentence denotes The survey asked students to rate their level of agreement to 10 statements on a 1-5 scale (1= strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree).
TextSentencer_T1637 225791-225919 Sentence denotes All students were asked to complete an optional retention test, composed of questions from the pre and posttests, 1 month later.
T23876 225791-225919 Sentence denotes All students were asked to complete an optional retention test, composed of questions from the pre and posttests, 1 month later.
TextSentencer_T1638 225920-226011 Sentence denotes A total of 45 students completed both the pre and posttests and were included in the study.
T81955 225920-226011 Sentence denotes A total of 45 students completed both the pre and posttests and were included in the study.
TextSentencer_T1639 226012-226119 Sentence denotes Of these students, 23 were in the treatment group and received the module and 22 were in the control group.
T42115 226012-226119 Sentence denotes Of these students, 23 were in the treatment group and received the module and 22 were in the control group.
TextSentencer_T1640 226120-226252 Sentence denotes Thirty-three of the 45 students (73%) also completed the retention test (18 from the treatment group and 15 from the control group).
T89228 226120-226252 Sentence denotes Thirty-three of the 45 students (73%) also completed the retention test (18 from the treatment group and 15 from the control group).
TextSentencer_T1641 226253-226433 Sentence denotes Students in the treatment group scored significantly higher on the posttest (p < 0.001) and retention test (p = 0.002) than those students that did not receive the learning module.
T57753 226253-226433 Sentence denotes Students in the treatment group scored significantly higher on the posttest (p < 0.001) and retention test (p = 0.002) than those students that did not receive the learning module.
TextSentencer_T1642 226434-226579 Sentence denotes Mean post test scores were 73.8% and 56.1% and mean retention test scores were 71.2% and 46.6% for the treatment and control groups respectively.
T35612 226434-226579 Sentence denotes Mean post test scores were 73.8% and 56.1% and mean retention test scores were 71.2% and 46.6% for the treatment and control groups respectively.
TextSentencer_T1643 226580-226671 Sentence denotes Nineteen of the 23 students (83%) in the treatment group completed the satisfaction survey.
T69108 226580-226671 Sentence denotes Nineteen of the 23 students (83%) in the treatment group completed the satisfaction survey.
TextSentencer_T1644 226672-226909 Sentence denotes Students taking the survey indicated that the module was easy to use (mean 4.89), that information was presented in a clear manner (mean 5), and 89% of students agreed that the module was a good use of their educational time (mean 4.73).
T42957 226672-226909 Sentence denotes Students taking the survey indicated that the module was easy to use (mean 4.89), that information was presented in a clear manner (mean 5), and 89% of students agreed that the module was a good use of their educational time (mean 4.73).
TextSentencer_T1645 226910-226992 Sentence denotes In conclusion, a transfusion reaction instructional module can be deliv- analyzer.
T59224 226910-226992 Sentence denotes In conclusion, a transfusion reaction instructional module can be deliv- analyzer.
TextSentencer_T1646 226993-227060 Sentence denotes If pH was less than 6.5, then pH was measured by standard pH meter.
T78021 226993-227060 Sentence denotes If pH was less than 6.5, then pH was measured by standard pH meter.
TextSentencer_T1647 227061-227130 Sentence denotes All units were evaluated for "swirl" and evidence of visual clumping.
T68195 227061-227130 Sentence denotes All units were evaluated for "swirl" and evidence of visual clumping.
TextSentencer_T1648 227131-227190 Sentence denotes Platelet size distribution was evaluated by Flow cytometry.
T21862 227131-227190 Sentence denotes Platelet size distribution was evaluated by Flow cytometry.
TextSentencer_T1649 227191-227268 Sentence denotes Both apheresis protocols were managed without adverse reaction to the donors.
T92169 227191-227268 Sentence denotes Both apheresis protocols were managed without adverse reaction to the donors.
TextSentencer_T1650 227269-227377 Sentence denotes Immediate post apheresis counts confirmed a consistent harvest of 1.0 x 10 11 +/-1.2 x 10 6 by both devices.
T2904 227269-227377 Sentence denotes Immediate post apheresis counts confirmed a consistent harvest of 1.0 x 10 11 +/-1.2 x 10 6 by both devices.
TextSentencer_T1651 227378-227436 Sentence denotes Red blood cell contamination was less than 0.6 x 10 6 /ul.
T64865 227378-227436 Sentence denotes Red blood cell contamination was less than 0.6 x 10 6 /ul.
TextSentencer_T1652 227437-227488 Sentence denotes White blood cell counts were less than 6.0 x 10 2 .
T41707 227437-227488 Sentence denotes White blood cell counts were less than 6.0 x 10 2 .
TextSentencer_T1653 227489-227642 Sentence denotes Platelets prepared by the Haemonetics technique had a decrease in pH and increase in lactate when compared to platelets prepared by the Terumo technique.
T42092 227489-227642 Sentence denotes Platelets prepared by the Haemonetics technique had a decrease in pH and increase in lactate when compared to platelets prepared by the Terumo technique.
TextSentencer_T1654 227643-227702 Sentence denotes However, this difference was not statistically significant.
T44737 227643-227702 Sentence denotes However, this difference was not statistically significant.
TextSentencer_T1655 227703-227865 Sentence denotes Flow cytometric evaluation suggested a higher population of platelets in the 2.53-5.0 micron size range in the concentrates prepared by the Haemonetics technique.
T31746 227703-227865 Sentence denotes Flow cytometric evaluation suggested a higher population of platelets in the 2.53-5.0 micron size range in the concentrates prepared by the Haemonetics technique.
TextSentencer_T1656 227866-227963 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference between techniques using standard methodology for evaluation.
T52456 227866-227963 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference between techniques using standard methodology for evaluation.
TextSentencer_T1657 227964-228069 Sentence denotes Both techniques provided platelet concentrates that met acceptance criteria for standard apheresis units.
T83943 227964-228069 Sentence denotes Both techniques provided platelet concentrates that met acceptance criteria for standard apheresis units.
TextSentencer_T1658 228070-228294 Sentence denotes Maria Lyraki 1 , Miss Alice Sloan 2 , Ian Ramsey 2 1 Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Langford, Bristol, England, United Kingdom, 2 Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
T36174 228070-228294 Sentence denotes Maria Lyraki 1 , Miss Alice Sloan 2 , Ian Ramsey 2 1 Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Langford, Bristol, England, United Kingdom, 2 Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
TextSentencer_T1659 228295-228474 Sentence denotes To evaluate ear prick sampling as a possible alternative to venous sampling using a point-of-care (POC) meter for the assessment of haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) in dogs.
T2595 228295-228474 Sentence denotes To evaluate ear prick sampling as a possible alternative to venous sampling using a point-of-care (POC) meter for the assessment of haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) in dogs.
TextSentencer_T1660 228475-228718 Sentence denotes Simultaneous venous and ear prick blood samples were collected from 53 dogs that were considered to be anaemic (n = 17), non-anaemic (n = 30), or polycythaemic (n = 6) and were undergoing blood sampling as part of their clinical investigation.
T38146 228475-228718 Sentence denotes Simultaneous venous and ear prick blood samples were collected from 53 dogs that were considered to be anaemic (n = 17), non-anaemic (n = 30), or polycythaemic (n = 6) and were undergoing blood sampling as part of their clinical investigation.
TextSentencer_T1661 228719-229005 Sentence denotes Hb and Hct were measured on both samples using a POC meter that requires a 2 microliter sample volume and which has been previously validated in our hospital and shown to have a correlation (r) of 0.96 with standard laboratory analysers and a co-efficient of variation of less than 5 %.
T14235 228719-229005 Sentence denotes Hb and Hct were measured on both samples using a POC meter that requires a 2 microliter sample volume and which has been previously validated in our hospital and shown to have a correlation (r) of 0.96 with standard laboratory analysers and a co-efficient of variation of less than 5 %.
TextSentencer_T1662 229006-229128 Sentence denotes Hb and Hct measurements were also obtained from the venous samples using one of two reference analyzers in 40 of the dogs.
T4497 229006-229128 Sentence denotes Hb and Hct measurements were also obtained from the venous samples using one of two reference analyzers in 40 of the dogs.
TextSentencer_T1663 229129-229282 Sentence denotes Pearson';s correlation co-efficient was calculated for the two sets of POC results and the bias calculated (and expressed as mean +/-standard deviation).
T83188 229129-229282 Sentence denotes Pearson';s correlation co-efficient was calculated for the two sets of POC results and the bias calculated (and expressed as mean +/-standard deviation).
TextSentencer_T1664 229283-229463 Sentence denotes In agreement with previous studies, the POC results for Hb and Hct from the venous samples were significantly correlated with the laboratory analysers (0.98 and 0.97 respectively).
T48184 229283-229463 Sentence denotes In agreement with previous studies, the POC results for Hb and Hct from the venous samples were significantly correlated with the laboratory analysers (0.98 and 0.97 respectively).
TextSentencer_T1665 229464-229646 Sentence denotes The results for Hb and Hct from the ear prick samples when measured using the POC device were significantly correlated with the POC results of the venous samples (r = 0.93 for both).
T14504 229464-229646 Sentence denotes The results for Hb and Hct from the ear prick samples when measured using the POC device were significantly correlated with the POC results of the venous samples (r = 0.93 for both).
TextSentencer_T1666 229647-229823 Sentence denotes The calculated biases were 0.17g/l (+/-1.56) for the Hb and 0.36% (+/-4.6) for the Hct respectively, which is consistent with the small degree of peripheral haemoconcentration.
T27753 229647-229823 Sentence denotes The calculated biases were 0.17g/l (+/-1.56) for the Hb and 0.36% (+/-4.6) for the Hct respectively, which is consistent with the small degree of peripheral haemoconcentration.
TextSentencer_T1667 229824-230011 Sentence denotes However, in 8 of the 53 (15 %) samples the peripheral sample was more than 15 % different from the venous sample, a difference that could have been clinically significant (see Figure 1 ).
T9823 229824-230011 Sentence denotes However, in 8 of the 53 (15 %) samples the peripheral sample was more than 15 % different from the venous sample, a difference that could have been clinically significant (see Figure 1 ).
TextSentencer_T1668 230012-230320 Sentence denotes The measurement of Hb and Hct using a simple ear prick test with a POC meter that requires a small sample volume may be a useful alternative to conventional venous blood sampling for the evaluation of these parameters in dogs, however there is a small positive bias and some clinically significant variation.
T34691 230012-230320 Sentence denotes The measurement of Hb and Hct using a simple ear prick test with a POC meter that requires a small sample volume may be a useful alternative to conventional venous blood sampling for the evaluation of these parameters in dogs, however there is a small positive bias and some clinically significant variation.
TextSentencer_T1669 230321-230459 Sentence denotes PT and TEG analysis with four activators, RapidTEG, 1:100 tissue factor (TF100), 1:3700 tissue factor (TF3700), and kaolin, were compared.
T79797 230321-230459 Sentence denotes PT and TEG analysis with four activators, RapidTEG, 1:100 tissue factor (TF100), 1:3700 tissue factor (TF3700), and kaolin, were compared.
TextSentencer_T1670 230460-230625 Sentence denotes Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between ratios (peak to baseline PT; peak reaction time (R) of TEG to baseline R of TEG) and anti-Xa concentration.
T10250 230460-230625 Sentence denotes Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between ratios (peak to baseline PT; peak reaction time (R) of TEG to baseline R of TEG) and anti-Xa concentration.
TextSentencer_T1671 230626-230741 Sentence denotes Oral rivaroxaban administration exhibited predictable anticoagulant effects and was well tolerated by healthy dogs.
T74503 230626-230741 Sentence denotes Oral rivaroxaban administration exhibited predictable anticoagulant effects and was well tolerated by healthy dogs.
TextSentencer_T1672 230742-231027 Sentence denotes There were no clinical FIGURE 1 A Bland-Altman plot comparing the average Hb concentration (g/dl) with the difference between the Hb concentration when measured using venous and peripheral blood signs of minor or major hemorrhage and gastrointestinal side effects in any dosing groups.
T85437 230742-231027 Sentence denotes There were no clinical FIGURE 1 A Bland-Altman plot comparing the average Hb concentration (g/dl) with the difference between the Hb concentration when measured using venous and peripheral blood signs of minor or major hemorrhage and gastrointestinal side effects in any dosing groups.
TextSentencer_T1673 231028-231281 Sentence denotes The highest anti-Xa value and longest delayed R of TEG and PT were observed 3 h after the administration of rivaroxaban; however, the anticoagulant effect in TEG and plasma rivaroxaban concentration decreased significantly from 8 h after administration.
T26088 231028-231281 Sentence denotes The highest anti-Xa value and longest delayed R of TEG and PT were observed 3 h after the administration of rivaroxaban; however, the anticoagulant effect in TEG and plasma rivaroxaban concentration decreased significantly from 8 h after administration.
TextSentencer_T1674 231282-231430 Sentence denotes Inter-individual differences in drug effects were observed as expected, and further experiments to monitor the anticoagulant effects were performed.
T88239 231282-231430 Sentence denotes Inter-individual differences in drug effects were observed as expected, and further experiments to monitor the anticoagulant effects were performed.
TextSentencer_T1675 231431-231555 Sentence denotes The results showed that the anti-Xa concentration and point-of-care PT ratio were strongly correlated (R = 0.82, P < 0.001).
T72429 231431-231555 Sentence denotes The results showed that the anti-Xa concentration and point-of-care PT ratio were strongly correlated (R = 0.82, P < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T1676 231556-231799 Sentence denotes R ratios of RapidTEG-TEG, TF100-TEG, and TF3700-TEG showed a significant correlation with rivaroxaban concentration measured using the anti-Xa assay (R = 0.76, P < 0.001; R = 0.82, P < 0.001; and R = 0.83, P < 0.001, respectively). fibrinogen.
T82942 231556-231799 Sentence denotes R ratios of RapidTEG-TEG, TF100-TEG, and TF3700-TEG showed a significant correlation with rivaroxaban concentration measured using the anti-Xa assay (R = 0.76, P < 0.001; R = 0.82, P < 0.001; and R = 0.83, P < 0.001, respectively). fibrinogen.
TextSentencer_T1677 231800-231993 Sentence denotes Due to wide inter-individual variations in plasma FVIII and VWF levels among healthy dogs, there is concern about uniformity and standard potency of CRYO to treat dogs with hemophilia A or VWD.
T33040 231800-231993 Sentence denotes Due to wide inter-individual variations in plasma FVIII and VWF levels among healthy dogs, there is concern about uniformity and standard potency of CRYO to treat dogs with hemophilia A or VWD.
TextSentencer_T1678 231994-232160 Sentence denotes While Greyhounds are commonly used as blood donors, previous studies have documented lower plasma VWF and fibrinogen content in Greyhounds compared to non-Greyhounds.
T43307 231994-232160 Sentence denotes While Greyhounds are commonly used as blood donors, previous studies have documented lower plasma VWF and fibrinogen content in Greyhounds compared to non-Greyhounds.
TextSentencer_T1679 232161-232222 Sentence denotes Greyhound plasma, therefore, may not yield high potency CRYO.
T75924 232161-232222 Sentence denotes Greyhound plasma, therefore, may not yield high potency CRYO.
TextSentencer_T1680 232223-232273 Sentence denotes The objectives of this study were to determine if:
T24907 232223-232273 Sentence denotes The objectives of this study were to determine if:
TextSentencer_T1681 232274-232520 Sentence denotes 1) plasma hemostatic protein content is a good predictor of CRYO potency; 2) there is a difference in quality of CRYO prepared from Greyhounds versus non-Greyhounds; and 3) canine CRYO produced by our protocol meets human blood banking standards.
T75614 232274-232520 Sentence denotes 1) plasma hemostatic protein content is a good predictor of CRYO potency; 2) there is a difference in quality of CRYO prepared from Greyhounds versus non-Greyhounds; and 3) canine CRYO produced by our protocol meets human blood banking standards.
TextSentencer_T1682 232521-232633 Sentence denotes A 450 mL unit of blood was collected from 20 Greyhounds and 20 non-Greyhounds enrolled in a blood donor program.
T99413 232521-232633 Sentence denotes A 450 mL unit of blood was collected from 20 Greyhounds and 20 non-Greyhounds enrolled in a blood donor program.
TextSentencer_T1683 232634-232749 Sentence denotes CRYO was prepared from fresh frozen plasma (FFP) using standard methods; all blood component volumes were recorded.
T89422 232634-232749 Sentence denotes CRYO was prepared from fresh frozen plasma (FFP) using standard methods; all blood component volumes were recorded.
TextSentencer_T1684 232750-232843 Sentence denotes Aliquots of FFP and CRYO from each unit were analyzed for FVIII, VWF, and fibrinogen content.
T44814 232750-232843 Sentence denotes Aliquots of FFP and CRYO from each unit were analyzed for FVIII, VWF, and fibrinogen content.
TextSentencer_T1685 232844-232954 Sentence denotes Recovery, the percentage of total factor content in FFP retained in CRYO unit, was calculated for each factor.
T17458 232844-232954 Sentence denotes Recovery, the percentage of total factor content in FFP retained in CRYO unit, was calculated for each factor.
TextSentencer_T1686 232955-233115 Sentence denotes There was a positive correlation between FVIII, vWF and fibrinogen concentration in FFP and their respective factor content in CRYO (P < 0.0001, σ 0.723-0.763).
T79148 232955-233115 Sentence denotes There was a positive correlation between FVIII, vWF and fibrinogen concentration in FFP and their respective factor content in CRYO (P < 0.0001, σ 0.723-0.763).
TextSentencer_T1687 233116-233264 Sentence denotes Median recovery was greatest for VWF (65%), followed by fibrinogen (49%) and FVIII (33%), with no differences between Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds.
T35956 233116-233264 Sentence denotes Median recovery was greatest for VWF (65%), followed by fibrinogen (49%) and FVIII (33%), with no differences between Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds.
TextSentencer_T1688 233265-233435 Sentence denotes There was no difference in median FVIII (95 and 94 IU/unit) or vWF (210 and 264 IU/unit) content of CRYO units when comparing Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds, respectively.
T57175 233265-233435 Sentence denotes There was no difference in median FVIII (95 and 94 IU/unit) or vWF (210 and 264 IU/unit) content of CRYO units when comparing Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds, respectively.
TextSentencer_T1689 233436-233570 Sentence denotes However, median fibrinogen content in CRYO was less in Greyhounds (223 mg/unit) compared to non-Greyhounds (332 mg/unit) (P = 0.0005).
T10334 233436-233570 Sentence denotes However, median fibrinogen content in CRYO was less in Greyhounds (223 mg/unit) compared to non-Greyhounds (332 mg/unit) (P = 0.0005).
TextSentencer_T1690 233571-233949 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, there was no difference between Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds for the number of CRYO units meeting human blood banking standards for any of the 3 hemostatic proteins: VWF, 19 Greyhounds and 18 non-Greyhounds (CRYO from 2 VWF-deficient Dobermans did not meet standard); fibrinogen, 17 Greyhounds and 20 non-Greyhounds; and FVIII, 8 Greyhounds and 11 non-Greyhounds.
T17155 233571-233949 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, there was no difference between Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds for the number of CRYO units meeting human blood banking standards for any of the 3 hemostatic proteins: VWF, 19 Greyhounds and 18 non-Greyhounds (CRYO from 2 VWF-deficient Dobermans did not meet standard); fibrinogen, 17 Greyhounds and 20 non-Greyhounds; and FVIII, 8 Greyhounds and 11 non-Greyhounds.
TextSentencer_T1691 233950-234110 Sentence denotes In conclusion, the factor content in donor FFP is strongly associated with CRYO potency, suggesting that pre-screening of blood donors may enhance CRYO quality.
T35198 233950-234110 Sentence denotes In conclusion, the factor content in donor FFP is strongly associated with CRYO potency, suggesting that pre-screening of blood donors may enhance CRYO quality.
TextSentencer_T1692 234111-234272 Sentence denotes CRYO prepared from Greyhounds is not inferior to that from other breeds, justifying use of their plasma for This retrospective study included the following dogs:
T42945 234111-234272 Sentence denotes CRYO prepared from Greyhounds is not inferior to that from other breeds, justifying use of their plasma for This retrospective study included the following dogs:
TextSentencer_T1693 234273-234324 Sentence denotes 90 with SIRS, 50 healthy, 50 with chronic diseases.
T14141 234273-234324 Sentence denotes 90 with SIRS, 50 healthy, 50 with chronic diseases.
TextSentencer_T1694 234325-234384 Sentence denotes SIRS grading was based on how many criteria were fulfilled.
T51410 234325-234384 Sentence denotes SIRS grading was based on how many criteria were fulfilled.
TextSentencer_T1695 234385-234429 Sentence denotes APPLE fast score was allocated in SIRS dogs.
T31021 234385-234429 Sentence denotes APPLE fast score was allocated in SIRS dogs.
TextSentencer_T1696 234430-234491 Sentence denotes Mortality rate was assessed at 7 and 15 days after admission.
T27874 234430-234491 Sentence denotes Mortality rate was assessed at 7 and 15 days after admission.
TextSentencer_T1697 234492-234541 Sentence denotes Hemolytic or hemorrhagic disorders were excluded.
T3674 234492-234541 Sentence denotes Hemolytic or hemorrhagic disorders were excluded.
TextSentencer_T1698 234542-234612 Sentence denotes SIRS grading and APPLE fast score groups were compared to the outcome.
T56243 234542-234612 Sentence denotes SIRS grading and APPLE fast score groups were compared to the outcome.
TextSentencer_T1699 234613-234707 Sentence denotes Types of anemia and NRBCs counts were evaluated in three study populations and to the outcome.
T87682 234613-234707 Sentence denotes Types of anemia and NRBCs counts were evaluated in three study populations and to the outcome.
TextSentencer_T1700 234708-234807 Sentence denotes APPLE fast scores >25 (p = 0.03) and SIRS grading >2 (p = 0.001) were associated with poor outcome.
T68279 234708-234807 Sentence denotes APPLE fast scores >25 (p = 0.03) and SIRS grading >2 (p = 0.001) were associated with poor outcome.
TextSentencer_T1701 234808-234856 Sentence denotes In SIRS group, anemia was present in 56/90 dogs.
T12352 234808-234856 Sentence denotes In SIRS group, anemia was present in 56/90 dogs.
TextSentencer_T1702 234857-234987 Sentence denotes The most frequent types of anemia were mild (45%) or moderate (43%), microcytic (55%) or normocytic (41%), and normochromic (93%).
T30966 234857-234987 Sentence denotes The most frequent types of anemia were mild (45%) or moderate (43%), microcytic (55%) or normocytic (41%), and normochromic (93%).
TextSentencer_T1703 234988-235059 Sentence denotes Anemia and its severity were associated with poor outcome (p = 0.0197).
T65791 234988-235059 Sentence denotes Anemia and its severity were associated with poor outcome (p = 0.0197).
TextSentencer_T1704 235060-235138 Sentence denotes SIRS group showed worse anemia patterns than the other two groups (p < 0.001).
T2524 235060-235138 Sentence denotes SIRS group showed worse anemia patterns than the other two groups (p < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T1705 235139-235241 Sentence denotes The presence of NRBCs occurred in 22/90 of SIRS dogs and was associated with poor outcome (p = 0.005).
T37971 235139-235241 Sentence denotes The presence of NRBCs occurred in 22/90 of SIRS dogs and was associated with poor outcome (p = 0.005).
TextSentencer_T1706 235242-235329 Sentence denotes NRBCs count were significantly higher in the SIRS group than healthy dogs (p = 0.0007).
T902 235242-235329 Sentence denotes NRBCs count were significantly higher in the SIRS group than healthy dogs (p = 0.0007).
TextSentencer_T1707 235330-235419 Sentence denotes Mild-moderate, micro-normocytic normochromic anemia is a frequent finding in canine SIRS.
T50286 235330-235419 Sentence denotes Mild-moderate, micro-normocytic normochromic anemia is a frequent finding in canine SIRS.
TextSentencer_T1708 235420-235771 Sentence denotes Our results suggest that circulating NRBCs and their amount could be an additional negative prognostic value. and delayed relapse (remission period of >60 days, n=10), the tapering rate of prednisolone was significantly higher for the acute relapse episodes than for both the delayed relapse and non-relapse episodes (P=0.04 and P=0.01, respectively).
T14055 235420-235771 Sentence denotes Our results suggest that circulating NRBCs and their amount could be an additional negative prognostic value. and delayed relapse (remission period of >60 days, n=10), the tapering rate of prednisolone was significantly higher for the acute relapse episodes than for both the delayed relapse and non-relapse episodes (P=0.04 and P=0.01, respectively).
TextSentencer_T1709 235772-235878 Sentence denotes These results suggest that a rapid decrease in the prednisolone dosage can cause early recurrence of pIMT.
T31013 235772-235878 Sentence denotes These results suggest that a rapid decrease in the prednisolone dosage can cause early recurrence of pIMT.
TextSentencer_T1710 235879-236135 Sentence denotes Sarah Shropshire, Christine Olver Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Greyhounds have several hematologic differences from other breeds of dogs, including higher hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration and lower neutrophil and platelet counts.
T52999 235879-236135 Sentence denotes Sarah Shropshire, Christine Olver Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Greyhounds have several hematologic differences from other breeds of dogs, including higher hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration and lower neutrophil and platelet counts.
TextSentencer_T1711 236136-236279 Sentence denotes It has also been observed that some Greyhounds have a propensity to bleed excessively 36-48 hours following minor traumas or routine surgeries.
T30338 236136-236279 Sentence denotes It has also been observed that some Greyhounds have a propensity to bleed excessively 36-48 hours following minor traumas or routine surgeries.
TextSentencer_T1712 236280-236411 Sentence denotes The exact etiology behind this bleeding is unknown however several studies have postulated this may occur due to hyperfibrinolysis.
T63343 236280-236411 Sentence denotes The exact etiology behind this bleeding is unknown however several studies have postulated this may occur due to hyperfibrinolysis.
TextSentencer_T1713 236412-236541 Sentence denotes Dynamic viscoelastic testing using thromboelastography (TEG) allows for not only assessment of coagulation but also fibrinolysis.
T98802 236412-236541 Sentence denotes Dynamic viscoelastic testing using thromboelastography (TEG) allows for not only assessment of coagulation but also fibrinolysis.
TextSentencer_T1714 236542-236727 Sentence denotes TEG has been performed previously in Greyhounds but no study has investigated fibrinolysis variables via TEG in the presence of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in healthy Greyhounds.
T20012 236542-236727 Sentence denotes TEG has been performed previously in Greyhounds but no study has investigated fibrinolysis variables via TEG in the presence of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in healthy Greyhounds.
TextSentencer_T1715 236728-236850 Sentence denotes Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate if Greyhounds appear hyperfibrinolytic as compared to non-Greyhounds.
T25189 236728-236850 Sentence denotes Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate if Greyhounds appear hyperfibrinolytic as compared to non-Greyhounds.
TextSentencer_T1716 236851-236997 Sentence denotes Tissue factor-activated TEG with tPA added (TF + tPA-TEG) was performed in six healthy client-owned Greyhounds and six healthy laboratory Beagles.
T31589 236851-236997 Sentence denotes Tissue factor-activated TEG with tPA added (TF + tPA-TEG) was performed in six healthy client-owned Greyhounds and six healthy laboratory Beagles.
TextSentencer_T1717 236998-237196 Sentence denotes For TF + tPA-TEG, reaction time (R), clotting time ( The α, MA, MRTG, TG, platelet count and fibrinogen were significantly lower and the K and hematocrit were significantly higher in the Greyhounds.
T30243 236998-237196 Sentence denotes For TF + tPA-TEG, reaction time (R), clotting time ( The α, MA, MRTG, TG, platelet count and fibrinogen were significantly lower and the K and hematocrit were significantly higher in the Greyhounds.
TextSentencer_T1718 237197-237310 Sentence denotes There were no statistical differences for R, LY30, CL30, LY60, CL60, TMRTG, MRL, TMRL and CLT between the groups.
T16162 237197-237310 Sentence denotes There were no statistical differences for R, LY30, CL30, LY60, CL60, TMRTG, MRL, TMRL and CLT between the groups.
TextSentencer_T1719 237311-237435 Sentence denotes As noted in previous studies, the Greyhounds had higher hematocrits and lower platelet counts as compared to non-Greyhounds.
T23124 237311-237435 Sentence denotes As noted in previous studies, the Greyhounds had higher hematocrits and lower platelet counts as compared to non-Greyhounds.
TextSentencer_T1720 237436-237599 Sentence denotes Greyhounds appeared significantly hypocoagulable (increased K and decreased α, MA, MRTG and TG) but did not appear hyperfibrinolytic as compared to non-Greyhounds.
T98524 237436-237599 Sentence denotes Greyhounds appeared significantly hypocoagulable (increased K and decreased α, MA, MRTG and TG) but did not appear hyperfibrinolytic as compared to non-Greyhounds.
TextSentencer_T1721 237600-237822 Sentence denotes It is possible that hyperfibrinolysis in Greyhounds may not be related to responsiveness to tPA or that hyperfibrinolysis is not detected via TF + tPA-TEG in the preoperative setting and cannot be used to predict bleeding.
T74137 237600-237822 Sentence denotes It is possible that hyperfibrinolysis in Greyhounds may not be related to responsiveness to tPA or that hyperfibrinolysis is not detected via TF + tPA-TEG in the preoperative setting and cannot be used to predict bleeding.
TextSentencer_T1722 237823-237931 Sentence denotes Additional studies are warranted to further investigate the mechanism of bleeding appreciated in this breed.
T66059 237823-237931 Sentence denotes Additional studies are warranted to further investigate the mechanism of bleeding appreciated in this breed.
TextSentencer_T1723 237932-238138 Sentence denotes Sarah Shropshire, Christine Olver Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Whole blood impedance platelet aggregometry can be performed with several different agonists to evaluate platelet function.
T17260 237932-238138 Sentence denotes Sarah Shropshire, Christine Olver Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Whole blood impedance platelet aggregometry can be performed with several different agonists to evaluate platelet function.
TextSentencer_T1724 238139-238317 Sentence denotes Although the manufacturer recommends disposal of stored reagent after 1 month, the viability after reconstitution of these reagents under different storage conditions is unknown.
T63316 238139-238317 Sentence denotes Although the manufacturer recommends disposal of stored reagent after 1 month, the viability after reconstitution of these reagents under different storage conditions is unknown.
TextSentencer_T1725 238318-238423 Sentence denotes If the reagent viability is stable for long periods of time, assay costs could be decreased dramatically.
T16931 238318-238423 Sentence denotes If the reagent viability is stable for long periods of time, assay costs could be decreased dramatically.
TextSentencer_T1726 238424-238624 Sentence denotes Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the viability of reconstituted arachidonic acid (AA) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) platelet agonists stored under two conditions up to 6 months.
T56883 238424-238624 Sentence denotes Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the viability of reconstituted arachidonic acid (AA) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) platelet agonists stored under two conditions up to 6 months.
TextSentencer_T1727 238625-238721 Sentence denotes 60μl aliquots of reconstituted AA and ADP were stored at -20 C and -80 C monthly for six months.
T38506 238625-238721 Sentence denotes 60μl aliquots of reconstituted AA and ADP were stored at -20 C and -80 C monthly for six months.
TextSentencer_T1728 238722-238779 Sentence denotes Six healthy staff-owned dogs were enrolled for the study.
T15566 238722-238779 Sentence denotes Six healthy staff-owned dogs were enrolled for the study.
TextSentencer_T1729 238780-238901 Sentence denotes A physical examination, complete blood count (CBC), diagnostic panel, and urinalysis were performed in all enrolled dogs.
T71075 238780-238901 Sentence denotes A physical examination, complete blood count (CBC), diagnostic panel, and urinalysis were performed in all enrolled dogs.
TextSentencer_T1730 238902-239021 Sentence denotes Platelet aggregometry was performed on all dogs using fresh and stored aliquots of AA and ADP reagents on the same day.
T8520 238902-239021 Sentence denotes Platelet aggregometry was performed on all dogs using fresh and stored aliquots of AA and ADP reagents on the same day.
TextSentencer_T1731 239022-239107 Sentence denotes The area under the curve (AUC) was recorded from each platelet aggregometry analysis.
T24577 239022-239107 Sentence denotes The area under the curve (AUC) was recorded from each platelet aggregometry analysis.
TextSentencer_T1732 239108-239258 Sentence denotes Repeated measures (RM) analysis (one-way ANOVA) was performed and subsequent time points (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 months) were compared to fresh AUC results.
T86696 239108-239258 Sentence denotes Repeated measures (RM) analysis (one-way ANOVA) was performed and subsequent time points (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 months) were compared to fresh AUC results.
TextSentencer_T1733 239259-239354 Sentence denotes All dogs appeared clinically healthy and the CBC, diagnostic panel, and urinalysis were normal.
T50126 239259-239354 Sentence denotes All dogs appeared clinically healthy and the CBC, diagnostic panel, and urinalysis were normal.
TextSentencer_T1734 239355-239477 Sentence denotes There were no differences in the AUC obtained from fresh samples at any time point or at either temperature for AA or ADP.
T46988 239355-239477 Sentence denotes There were no differences in the AUC obtained from fresh samples at any time point or at either temperature for AA or ADP.
TextSentencer_T1735 239478-239617 Sentence denotes In dogs, the whole blood impedance platelet aggregometry reagents AA and ADP are viable for up to six months when stored at -20 C or -80 C.
T92638 239478-239617 Sentence denotes In dogs, the whole blood impedance platelet aggregometry reagents AA and ADP are viable for up to six months when stored at -20 C or -80 C.
TextSentencer_T1736 239618-239753 Sentence denotes We conclude that these reagents can be stored up to 6 months, obviating the need to discard viable reagents, and decreasing assay cost.
T64216 239618-239753 Sentence denotes We conclude that these reagents can be stored up to 6 months, obviating the need to discard viable reagents, and decreasing assay cost.
TextSentencer_T1737 239754-239876 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to measure cytokine/chemokine concentrations after LR and IR in canine stored whole blood.
T56183 239754-239876 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to measure cytokine/chemokine concentrations after LR and IR in canine stored whole blood.
TextSentencer_T1738 239877-239956 Sentence denotes Red blood cell (RBC) storage lesion caused by irradiation and LR were compared.
T41105 239877-239956 Sentence denotes Red blood cell (RBC) storage lesion caused by irradiation and LR were compared.
TextSentencer_T1739 239957-240013 Sentence denotes Blood samples were obtained from 10 healthy Beagle dogs.
T8364 239957-240013 Sentence denotes Blood samples were obtained from 10 healthy Beagle dogs.
TextSentencer_T1740 240014-240127 Sentence denotes The collected blood samples were divided into four groups of 10 samples each (no treatment, LR, IR, and LR + IR).
T13571 240014-240127 Sentence denotes The collected blood samples were divided into four groups of 10 samples each (no treatment, LR, IR, and LR + IR).
TextSentencer_T1741 240128-240237 Sentence denotes Leukocytes were removed by filtration in the LR group and gamma radiation (25Gy) was applied in the IR group.
T71614 240128-240237 Sentence denotes Leukocytes were removed by filtration in the LR group and gamma radiation (25Gy) was applied in the IR group.
TextSentencer_T1742 240238-240496 Sentence denotes Immunologic factors (WBCs, interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 , and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) and storage lesion factors (blood pH, potassium and hemolysis) were evaluated on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 from aliquots of each group.
T75382 240238-240496 Sentence denotes Immunologic factors (WBCs, interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 , and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) and storage lesion factors (blood pH, potassium and hemolysis) were evaluated on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 from aliquots of each group.
TextSentencer_T1743 240497-240692 Sentence denotes IL-6 and CXCL-8 concentrations in control (no treatment of stored whole blood) were significantly higher during storage, which indicates a high probability of transfusion reactions such as FNHTR.
T97120 240497-240692 Sentence denotes IL-6 and CXCL-8 concentrations in control (no treatment of stored whole blood) were significantly higher during storage, which indicates a high probability of transfusion reactions such as FNHTR.
TextSentencer_T1744 240693-240860 Sentence denotes On the other hand, the LR group did not show changes in cytokine/chemokine concentrations, and the storage lesion was relatively mild compared to that in other groups.
T30150 240693-240860 Sentence denotes On the other hand, the LR group did not show changes in cytokine/chemokine concentrations, and the storage lesion was relatively mild compared to that in other groups.
TextSentencer_T1745 240861-241018 Sentence denotes Irradiation significantly increased CXCL-8 after 14 days of storage, but irradiation of leukoreduced blood did not increase CXCL-8 during 28 days of storage.
T43753 240861-241018 Sentence denotes Irradiation significantly increased CXCL-8 after 14 days of storage, but irradiation of leukoreduced blood did not increase CXCL-8 during 28 days of storage.
TextSentencer_T1746 241019-241152 Sentence denotes However, storage lesions such as hemolysis, increased potassium, and low pH were observed 7 days after IR of blood, regardless of LR.
T11169 241019-241152 Sentence denotes However, storage lesions such as hemolysis, increased potassium, and low pH were observed 7 days after IR of blood, regardless of LR.
TextSentencer_T1747 241153-241240 Sentence denotes In conclusion, LR is beneficial in preventing transfusion reactions and storage lesion.
T27275 241153-241240 Sentence denotes In conclusion, LR is beneficial in preventing transfusion reactions and storage lesion.
TextSentencer_T1748 241241-241373 Sentence denotes However, IR of canine whole blood was not suitable for long-term storage because of increasing factors of CXCL-8 and storage lesion.
T72509 241241-241373 Sentence denotes However, IR of canine whole blood was not suitable for long-term storage because of increasing factors of CXCL-8 and storage lesion.
TextSentencer_T1749 241374-241497 Sentence denotes IR of leukoreduced blood is beneficial to avoid immune reaction, however, storage lesion should be considered upon storage.
T34139 241374-241497 Sentence denotes IR of leukoreduced blood is beneficial to avoid immune reaction, however, storage lesion should be considered upon storage.
TextSentencer_T1750 241498-241618 Sentence denotes Results of these studies identify that a majority of normal and diseased dogs harbor a rich and diverse bile microbiome.
T29361 241498-241618 Sentence denotes Results of these studies identify that a majority of normal and diseased dogs harbor a rich and diverse bile microbiome.
TextSentencer_T1751 241619-241723 Sentence denotes This microbiota is likely to contain previously unrecognized beneficial as well as deleterious bacteria.
T64062 241619-241723 Sentence denotes This microbiota is likely to contain previously unrecognized beneficial as well as deleterious bacteria.
TextSentencer_T1752 241724-241875 Sentence denotes Tailoring bile culture media to routinely identify these bacteria is likely to improve our understanding and diagnosis of canine hepatobiliary disease.
T67133 241724-241875 Sentence denotes Tailoring bile culture media to routinely identify these bacteria is likely to improve our understanding and diagnosis of canine hepatobiliary disease.
TextSentencer_T1753 241876-242083 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to determine whether increases in these potential biomarkers were associated with moderate to severe fibrosis or necroinflammatory activity in dogs with various hepatopathies.
T78923 241876-242083 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to determine whether increases in these potential biomarkers were associated with moderate to severe fibrosis or necroinflammatory activity in dogs with various hepatopathies.
TextSentencer_T1754 242084-242260 Sentence denotes Forty-four client-owned dogs with clinical evidence of liver disease and 10 healthy purpose-bred dogs were enrolled, all undergoing liver biopsies by laparoscopy or laparotomy.
T38940 242084-242260 Sentence denotes Forty-four client-owned dogs with clinical evidence of liver disease and 10 healthy purpose-bred dogs were enrolled, all undergoing liver biopsies by laparoscopy or laparotomy.
TextSentencer_T1755 242261-242482 Sentence denotes Serum IL-6, CCL2, CRP, AST and ALT were measured within one week before scheduled liver biopsy; liver histopathology was evaluated using the METAVIR scoring system used in human medicine, blinded to clinical presentation.
T46673 242261-242482 Sentence denotes Serum IL-6, CCL2, CRP, AST and ALT were measured within one week before scheduled liver biopsy; liver histopathology was evaluated using the METAVIR scoring system used in human medicine, blinded to clinical presentation.
TextSentencer_T1756 242483-242725 Sentence denotes Median serum IL-6 was approximately twice as high in dogs with high fibrosis scores (15.5 pg/ml; range, 1.4 to 235 pg/mL) compared to dogs with low fibrosis scores (7.6 pg/mL; range, 1.4 to 148.1 pg/mL), with marginal significance (P = 0.05).
T91031 242483-242725 Sentence denotes Median serum IL-6 was approximately twice as high in dogs with high fibrosis scores (15.5 pg/ml; range, 1.4 to 235 pg/mL) compared to dogs with low fibrosis scores (7.6 pg/mL; range, 1.4 to 148.1 pg/mL), with marginal significance (P = 0.05).
TextSentencer_T1757 242726-242992 Sentence denotes Median serum CCL2 was significantly higher in dogs with active necroinflammation (444 pg/mL; range, 144 to 896 pg/mL) compared to dogs without detectable necroinflammation (326 pg/mL; range, 59 to 1692 pg/mL; P = 0.008), but with considerable overlap between groups.
T70125 242726-242992 Sentence denotes Median serum CCL2 was significantly higher in dogs with active necroinflammation (444 pg/mL; range, 144 to 896 pg/mL) compared to dogs without detectable necroinflammation (326 pg/mL; range, 59 to 1692 pg/mL; P = 0.008), but with considerable overlap between groups.
TextSentencer_T1758 242993-243105 Sentence denotes Neither serum CRP nor AST:ALT ratios were significantly different based on fibrosis or necroinflammatory scores.
T54697 242993-243105 Sentence denotes Neither serum CRP nor AST:ALT ratios were significantly different based on fibrosis or necroinflammatory scores.
TextSentencer_T1759 243106-243288 Sentence denotes Descriptive statistics were used to analyze categorical variables (age, gender, breed, side effects to Cys) and continuous variables (Cys dose, time to remission, ALT concentration).
T85540 243106-243288 Sentence denotes Descriptive statistics were used to analyze categorical variables (age, gender, breed, side effects to Cys) and continuous variables (Cys dose, time to remission, ALT concentration).
TextSentencer_T1760 243289-243373 Sentence denotes Means, medians, ranges, and standard deviations were calculated for continuous data.
T35284 243289-243373 Sentence denotes Means, medians, ranges, and standard deviations were calculated for continuous data.
TextSentencer_T1761 243374-243635 Sentence denotes Wilcoxon, Student t-test, Fisher';s exact test, or survival analysis was used to evaluate the impact of prognostic factors (pre-treatment clinical scores, hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, ascites, fibrosis on histopathology, prolonged PT/aPTT) on remission.
T99881 243374-243635 Sentence denotes Wilcoxon, Student t-test, Fisher';s exact test, or survival analysis was used to evaluate the impact of prognostic factors (pre-treatment clinical scores, hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, ascites, fibrosis on histopathology, prolonged PT/aPTT) on remission.
TextSentencer_T1762 243636-243682 Sentence denotes Twenty-five different breeds were represented.
T76451 243636-243682 Sentence denotes Twenty-five different breeds were represented.
TextSentencer_T1763 243683-243732 Sentence denotes Ages ranged from 0.7-14 years (median 8.0 years).
T57744 243683-243732 Sentence denotes Ages ranged from 0.7-14 years (median 8.0 years).
TextSentencer_T1764 243733-243798 Sentence denotes Fifty-two percent were female spayed and 43% were male castrated.
T63542 243733-243798 Sentence denotes Fifty-two percent were female spayed and 43% were male castrated.
TextSentencer_T1765 243799-243982 Sentence denotes The most common treatment side-effects were gastrointestinal signs, which ranged from mild inappetence to vomiting and diarrhea in 44% (22/50) and gingival hyperplasia in 26% (13/50).
T32766 243799-243982 Sentence denotes The most common treatment side-effects were gastrointestinal signs, which ranged from mild inappetence to vomiting and diarrhea in 44% (22/50) and gingival hyperplasia in 26% (13/50).
TextSentencer_T1766 243983-244091 Sentence denotes Seventy six percent (38/50) achieved remission with a median time to remission of 2 months (0.75-12 months).
T18416 243983-244091 Sentence denotes Seventy six percent (38/50) achieved remission with a median time to remission of 2 months (0.75-12 months).
TextSentencer_T1767 244092-244173 Sentence denotes The median dose at the time of remission was 7.8 mg/kg/ day (1.5-12.7 mg/kg/day).
T60568 244092-244173 Sentence denotes The median dose at the time of remission was 7.8 mg/kg/ day (1.5-12.7 mg/kg/day).
TextSentencer_T1768 244174-244278 Sentence denotes No association was found between prognostic factors and remission with the exception of hypoalbuminemia.
T56497 244174-244278 Sentence denotes No association was found between prognostic factors and remission with the exception of hypoalbuminemia.
TextSentencer_T1769 244279-244411 Sentence denotes There was an increased likelihood of remission (p < 0.05) and a decreased time to remission in dogs with hypoalbuminemia (p < 0.05).
T10654 244279-244411 Sentence denotes There was an increased likelihood of remission (p < 0.05) and a decreased time to remission in dogs with hypoalbuminemia (p < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T1770 244412-244542 Sentence denotes In conclusion, Cys therapy was tolerated and effective in achieving normalization of ALT in dogs with presumed immune mediated CH.
T87321 244412-244542 Sentence denotes In conclusion, Cys therapy was tolerated and effective in achieving normalization of ALT in dogs with presumed immune mediated CH.
TextSentencer_T1771 244543-244666 Sentence denotes Previously reported prognostic factors did not negatively impact the ability to achieve ALT normalization with Cys therapy.
T92731 244543-244666 Sentence denotes Previously reported prognostic factors did not negatively impact the ability to achieve ALT normalization with Cys therapy.
TextSentencer_T1772 244667-244791 Sentence denotes Lesli Kibler, Cailin Heinze, Cynthia Webster Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine,Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
T18439 244667-244791 Sentence denotes Lesli Kibler, Cailin Heinze, Cynthia Webster Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine,Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
TextSentencer_T1773 244792-244979 Sentence denotes The liver performs an essential role in metabolism of vitamin D (VD); deficiency of vitamin K, another fat-soluble vitamin, is common in cats with cholestatic hepatobiliary disease (CHD).
T45307 244792-244979 Sentence denotes The liver performs an essential role in metabolism of vitamin D (VD); deficiency of vitamin K, another fat-soluble vitamin, is common in cats with cholestatic hepatobiliary disease (CHD).
TextSentencer_T1774 244980-245123 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that VD levels in cats with CHD would be significantly lower than in normal cats or sick cats with non-hepatobiliary disorders.
T67147 244980-245123 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that VD levels in cats with CHD would be significantly lower than in normal cats or sick cats with non-hepatobiliary disorders.
TextSentencer_T1775 245124-245584 Sentence denotes A prospective case control study was done comparing cats with CHD disease (defined by hyperbilirubinemia and increased alanine aminotransferase), sick cats without hepatobiliary disease, and normal cats repre- Sixty-nine studies, including seven conference abstracts, reporting perioperative and/or clinical and/or surgical/interventional outcomes of dogs managed with one surgical/interventional technique and/or medical management for cEHPSS were identified.
T66492 245124-245584 Sentence denotes A prospective case control study was done comparing cats with CHD disease (defined by hyperbilirubinemia and increased alanine aminotransferase), sick cats without hepatobiliary disease, and normal cats repre- Sixty-nine studies, including seven conference abstracts, reporting perioperative and/or clinical and/or surgical/interventional outcomes of dogs managed with one surgical/interventional technique and/or medical management for cEHPSS were identified.
TextSentencer_T1776 245585-245796 Sentence denotes Only 19 studies were designed as prospective studies, including one non-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial, one non-blinded non-randomized controlled clinical trial and 17 uncontrolled clinical trials.
T71291 245585-245796 Sentence denotes Only 19 studies were designed as prospective studies, including one non-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial, one non-blinded non-randomized controlled clinical trial and 17 uncontrolled clinical trials.
TextSentencer_T1777 245797-245995 Sentence denotes The majority of the studies showed overall high risk of bias and evaluated low to very low numbers of cases per treatment group (67%) but with clearly characterized subject enrolment criteria (97%).
T66719 245797-245995 Sentence denotes The majority of the studies showed overall high risk of bias and evaluated low to very low numbers of cases per treatment group (67%) but with clearly characterized subject enrolment criteria (97%).
TextSentencer_T1778 245996-246212 Sentence denotes Direct comparison of ameroid constrictor versus thin film band revealed a statistically significant difference between the two techniques with regards to the surgical outcome, with ameroid constrictor being superior.
T16249 245996-246212 Sentence denotes Direct comparison of ameroid constrictor versus thin film band revealed a statistically significant difference between the two techniques with regards to the surgical outcome, with ameroid constrictor being superior.
TextSentencer_T1779 246213-246377 Sentence denotes Direct comparisons also suggested that ameroid constrictor placement might have a better perioperative, clinical, and surgical/interventional outcome than ligation.
T42983 246213-246377 Sentence denotes Direct comparisons also suggested that ameroid constrictor placement might have a better perioperative, clinical, and surgical/interventional outcome than ligation.
TextSentencer_T1780 246378-246444 Sentence denotes However, none of these comparisons were statistically significant.
T81495 246378-246444 Sentence denotes However, none of these comparisons were statistically significant.
TextSentencer_T1781 246445-246520 Sentence denotes Direct comparison of other techniques was not possible due to lack of data.
T9694 246445-246520 Sentence denotes Direct comparison of other techniques was not possible due to lack of data.
TextSentencer_T1782 246521-246771 Sentence denotes Indirect comparison suggested that ameroid constrictor placement and complete ligation were the techniques with better perioperative, clinical, and surgical/ interventional outcome, followed by thin film band, coil embolization, and partial ligation.
T63200 246521-246771 Sentence denotes Indirect comparison suggested that ameroid constrictor placement and complete ligation were the techniques with better perioperative, clinical, and surgical/ interventional outcome, followed by thin film band, coil embolization, and partial ligation.
TextSentencer_T1783 246772-246916 Sentence denotes The outcome assessment for Amplatzer vascular plug and medical management was based on small numbers of cases to allow accurate interpretations.
T99955 246772-246916 Sentence denotes The outcome assessment for Amplatzer vascular plug and medical management was based on small numbers of cases to allow accurate interpretations.
TextSentencer_T1784 246917-247051 Sentence denotes In conclusion, this combined systematic review and meta-analysis provides objective evaluation of the treatment options of the cEHPSS.
T7711 246917-247051 Sentence denotes In conclusion, this combined systematic review and meta-analysis provides objective evaluation of the treatment options of the cEHPSS.
TextSentencer_T1785 247052-247157 Sentence denotes Ameroid constrictor was shown to be the technique with the higher likelihood of providing a good outcome.
T31902 247052-247157 Sentence denotes Ameroid constrictor was shown to be the technique with the higher likelihood of providing a good outcome.
TextSentencer_T1786 247158-247337 Sentence denotes Complete ligation, thin film band, coil embolization and partial ligation were shown to be effective techniques in the treatment of cEHPSS, although less than ameroid constrictor.
T20295 247158-247337 Sentence denotes Complete ligation, thin film band, coil embolization and partial ligation were shown to be effective techniques in the treatment of cEHPSS, although less than ameroid constrictor.
TextSentencer_T1787 247338-247594 Sentence denotes Blinded randomized studies with low overall risk of bias and good number of cases comparing different treatment modalities that routinely include postoperative imaging to assess cEHPSS closure and/or acquired portosystemic shunts development are essential.
T58487 247338-247594 Sentence denotes Blinded randomized studies with low overall risk of bias and good number of cases comparing different treatment modalities that routinely include postoperative imaging to assess cEHPSS closure and/or acquired portosystemic shunts development are essential.
TextSentencer_T1788 247595-247692 Sentence denotes Four dogs and two cats, tentatively diagnosed with "infected EHBDO", were enrolled in this study.
T57334 247595-247692 Sentence denotes Four dogs and two cats, tentatively diagnosed with "infected EHBDO", were enrolled in this study.
TextSentencer_T1789 247693-247904 Sentence denotes UPC was performed, (1) cholecystocentesis, removing most of the bile to decompress the gallbladder and for cytology and culture/sensitivity; (2) less than 5 mL of Iodixanol 320 was injected into the gallbladder.
T97707 247693-247904 Sentence denotes UPC was performed, (1) cholecystocentesis, removing most of the bile to decompress the gallbladder and for cytology and culture/sensitivity; (2) less than 5 mL of Iodixanol 320 was injected into the gallbladder.
TextSentencer_T1790 247905-248146 Sentence denotes Ventrodorsal, left oblique ventrodorsal, left lateral and right lateral projections of the abdomen were made 2 minutes after UPC, every 10 minutes for the first hour and every 30 minutes after until contrast medium was noted in the duodenum.
T50092 247905-248146 Sentence denotes Ventrodorsal, left oblique ventrodorsal, left lateral and right lateral projections of the abdomen were made 2 minutes after UPC, every 10 minutes for the first hour and every 30 minutes after until contrast medium was noted in the duodenum.
TextSentencer_T1791 248147-248205 Sentence denotes All patients had CBD dilation (4.2 -14.4 mm in diameter) .
T24893 248147-248205 Sentence denotes All patients had CBD dilation (4.2 -14.4 mm in diameter) .
TextSentencer_T1792 248206-248262 Sentence denotes The contrast was noted in the duodenum in five patients.
T21854 248206-248262 Sentence denotes The contrast was noted in the duodenum in five patients.
TextSentencer_T1793 248263-248373 Sentence denotes Only one dog was diagnosed with completely obstructed CBD given no contrast in the duodenum 4 hours after UPC.
T80890 248263-248373 Sentence denotes Only one dog was diagnosed with completely obstructed CBD given no contrast in the duodenum 4 hours after UPC.
TextSentencer_T1794 248374-248448 Sentence denotes The rest was diagnosed with CBD dilation and gallbladder delayed emptying.
T36126 248374-248448 Sentence denotes The rest was diagnosed with CBD dilation and gallbladder delayed emptying.
TextSentencer_T1795 248449-248492 Sentence denotes The time for UPC was from 2 to 240 minutes.
T78591 248449-248492 Sentence denotes The time for UPC was from 2 to 240 minutes.
TextSentencer_T1796 248493-248605 Sentence denotes UPC is a feasible technique in patients with dilated CBD and can be used to confirm complete obstruction of CBD.
T60704 248493-248605 Sentence denotes UPC is a feasible technique in patients with dilated CBD and can be used to confirm complete obstruction of CBD.
TextSentencer_T1797 248606-248741 Sentence denotes Based on this study, the term "extrahepatic bile duct disease" should be used instead of EHBDO before further diagnostics, such as UPC.
T48341 248606-248741 Sentence denotes Based on this study, the term "extrahepatic bile duct disease" should be used instead of EHBDO before further diagnostics, such as UPC.
TextSentencer_T1798 248742-248974 Sentence denotes Rommaneeya Leela-arporn 1 , Hiroshi Ohta 2 , Noriyuki Nagata 2 , Kazuyoshi Sasaoka 2 , Tatsuyuki Osuga 2 , Keitaro Morishita 2 , Noboru Sasaki 2 , Kensuke Nakamura 2 , Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi and May 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.
T66539 248742-248974 Sentence denotes Rommaneeya Leela-arporn 1 , Hiroshi Ohta 2 , Noriyuki Nagata 2 , Kazuyoshi Sasaoka 2 , Tatsuyuki Osuga 2 , Keitaro Morishita 2 , Noboru Sasaki 2 , Kensuke Nakamura 2 , Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi and May 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.
TextSentencer_T1799 248975-249123 Sentence denotes To examine the breed, age, or sex predisposition of HCC, all cases that came to HUVTH during the study period were used as the reference population.
T34033 248975-249123 Sentence denotes To examine the breed, age, or sex predisposition of HCC, all cases that came to HUVTH during the study period were used as the reference population.
TextSentencer_T1800 249124-249316 Sentence denotes Other possible related factors including clinicopathological findings and concurrent disorders of HCC were determined by comparison of two breed-and age matched control dogs and each HCC case.
T67403 249124-249316 Sentence denotes Other possible related factors including clinicopathological findings and concurrent disorders of HCC were determined by comparison of two breed-and age matched control dogs and each HCC case.
TextSentencer_T1801 249317-249387 Sentence denotes Prevalence of histologically confirmed HCC was 0.89% (41/4,607 cases).
T43865 249317-249387 Sentence denotes Prevalence of histologically confirmed HCC was 0.89% (41/4,607 cases).
TextSentencer_T1802 249388-249544 Sentence denotes Dogs diagnosed with HCC was significantly older (median 11 years; range 9-15 years; P < 0.001) than reference population (median 9 years; range 0-20 years).
T38944 249388-249544 Sentence denotes Dogs diagnosed with HCC was significantly older (median 11 years; range 9-15 years; P < 0.001) than reference population (median 9 years; range 0-20 years).
TextSentencer_T1803 249545-249612 Sentence denotes Welsh Corgis were significantly predisposed to HCC (odd ratio [OR]:
T67645 249545-249612 Sentence denotes Welsh Corgis were significantly predisposed to HCC (odd ratio [OR]:
TextSentencer_T1804 249613-249626 Sentence denotes 4.13; 95% CI:
T14414 249613-249626 Sentence denotes 4.13; 95% CI:
TextSentencer_T1805 249627-249650 Sentence denotes 1.81-9.41; P = 0.0032).
T40480 249627-249650 Sentence denotes 1.81-9.41; P = 0.0032).
TextSentencer_T1806 249651-249896 Sentence denotes Breed-and age matched case control analysis revealed that thrombocytosis (27/40 cases; 67.5%), increased ALT (38/41 cases; 92.7%), increased ALP (39/41 cases; 95.1%), and hypercalcemia (12/32 cases; 37.5%) were significantly associated with HCC.
T65462 249651-249896 Sentence denotes Breed-and age matched case control analysis revealed that thrombocytosis (27/40 cases; 67.5%), increased ALT (38/41 cases; 92.7%), increased ALP (39/41 cases; 95.1%), and hypercalcemia (12/32 cases; 37.5%) were significantly associated with HCC.
TextSentencer_T1807 249897-249974 Sentence denotes In addition, 27 out of 41 dogs with HCC had at least one concurrent disorder.
T39880 249897-249974 Sentence denotes In addition, 27 out of 41 dogs with HCC had at least one concurrent disorder.
TextSentencer_T1808 249975-250142 Sentence denotes The most common concurrent disorder was hyperadrenocorticism (12 dogs), and the odds of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs with HCC were 3.36 times that of controls (95% Cl:
T91798 249975-250142 Sentence denotes The most common concurrent disorder was hyperadrenocorticism (12 dogs), and the odds of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs with HCC were 3.36 times that of controls (95% Cl:
TextSentencer_T1809 250143-250165 Sentence denotes 1.28-8.81; P = 0.020).
T72254 250143-250165 Sentence denotes 1.28-8.81; P = 0.020).
TextSentencer_T1810 250166-250284 Sentence denotes These findings indicated that aging increase the risk of development of HCC, and Welsh Corgis were predisposed to HCC.
T42615 250166-250284 Sentence denotes These findings indicated that aging increase the risk of development of HCC, and Welsh Corgis were predisposed to HCC.
TextSentencer_T1811 250285-250465 Sentence denotes In addition, a significant association between HCC and hyperadrenocorticism was presented, suggesting that hyperadrenocorticism might play a role in the development of HCC in dogs.
T11064 250285-250465 Sentence denotes In addition, a significant association between HCC and hyperadrenocorticism was presented, suggesting that hyperadrenocorticism might play a role in the development of HCC in dogs.
TextSentencer_T1812 250466-250559 Sentence denotes Lyme disease is endemic to some parts of North America, and is an emerging disease in others.
T96811 250466-250559 Sentence denotes Lyme disease is endemic to some parts of North America, and is an emerging disease in others.
TextSentencer_T1813 250560-250806 Sentence denotes Although tick preventives are available, vaccination is an increasingly common though controversial method used in the prevention of canine Lyme infection; reported efficacies of canine Lyme vaccines are highly variable, ranging from 50% to 100%.
T57994 250560-250806 Sentence denotes Although tick preventives are available, vaccination is an increasingly common though controversial method used in the prevention of canine Lyme infection; reported efficacies of canine Lyme vaccines are highly variable, ranging from 50% to 100%.
TextSentencer_T1814 250807-251003 Sentence denotes The objective of our research was as follows: to determine the efficacy of vaccines for Borrelia burgdorferi in North American dogs by comparing vaccinated dogs to those not receiving the vaccine.
T55228 250807-251003 Sentence denotes The objective of our research was as follows: to determine the efficacy of vaccines for Borrelia burgdorferi in North American dogs by comparing vaccinated dogs to those not receiving the vaccine.
TextSentencer_T1815 251004-251076 Sentence denotes We used a systematic review and meta-analysis to address this objective.
T81203 251004-251076 Sentence denotes We used a systematic review and meta-analysis to address this objective.
TextSentencer_T1816 251077-251152 Sentence denotes Monovalent and multivalent vaccines were considered eligible interventions.
T43651 251077-251152 Sentence denotes Monovalent and multivalent vaccines were considered eligible interventions.
TextSentencer_T1817 251153-251257 Sentence denotes Our main outcome of interest was the reduction of clinical illness following exposure to B. burgdorferi.
T53023 251153-251257 Sentence denotes Our main outcome of interest was the reduction of clinical illness following exposure to B. burgdorferi.
TextSentencer_T1818 251258-251419 Sentence denotes Outcome data were extracted as a binary outcome for the following clinical signs (assessed separately): lameness, anorexia, pyrexia, depression, lymphadenopathy.
T79089 251258-251419 Sentence denotes Outcome data were extracted as a binary outcome for the following clinical signs (assessed separately): lameness, anorexia, pyrexia, depression, lymphadenopathy.
TextSentencer_T1819 251420-251509 Sentence denotes Experimental and analytical observational studies were considered eligible for inclusion.
T9331 251420-251509 Sentence denotes Experimental and analytical observational studies were considered eligible for inclusion.
TextSentencer_T1820 251510-251670 Sentence denotes In addition to grey literature searches, the following electronic databases were searched with no language restrictions: MEDLINE, Web of Science, CAB Abstracts.
T61602 251510-251670 Sentence denotes In addition to grey literature searches, the following electronic databases were searched with no language restrictions: MEDLINE, Web of Science, CAB Abstracts.
TextSentencer_T1821 251671-251722 Sentence denotes The last search was performed on November 29, 2016.
T11453 251671-251722 Sentence denotes The last search was performed on November 29, 2016.
TextSentencer_T1822 251723-251900 Sentence denotes Thirteen challenge trials and three observational studies were identified as eligible, and twelve challenge trials contained sufficient data to be included in our meta-analysis.
T90663 251723-251900 Sentence denotes Thirteen challenge trials and three observational studies were identified as eligible, and twelve challenge trials contained sufficient data to be included in our meta-analysis.
TextSentencer_T1823 251901-252007 Sentence denotes A meta-analysis could not be performed for observational studies due to an insufficient number of studies.
T41932 251901-252007 Sentence denotes A meta-analysis could not be performed for observational studies due to an insufficient number of studies.
TextSentencer_T1824 252008-252167 Sentence denotes None of the challenge trials assessed lymphadenopathy, but for each of the remaining four clinical signs a separate random effects meta-analysis was performed.
T20214 252008-252167 Sentence denotes None of the challenge trials assessed lymphadenopathy, but for each of the remaining four clinical signs a separate random effects meta-analysis was performed.
TextSentencer_T1825 252168-252259 Sentence denotes With the exception of anorexia, all summary odds ratios were less than the null value of 1.
T56461 252168-252259 Sentence denotes With the exception of anorexia, all summary odds ratios were less than the null value of 1.
TextSentencer_T1826 252260-252426 Sentence denotes Overall, the findings of our meta-analysis suggest that North American Lyme vaccines reduce the odds of clinical illness in dogs following exposure to B. burgdorferi.
T12832 252260-252426 Sentence denotes Overall, the findings of our meta-analysis suggest that North American Lyme vaccines reduce the odds of clinical illness in dogs following exposure to B. burgdorferi.
TextSentencer_T1827 252427-252592 Sentence denotes However, these results should be interpreted with caution since a number of issues related to small sample size, study quality, and publication bias were identified.
T60583 252427-252592 Sentence denotes However, these results should be interpreted with caution since a number of issues related to small sample size, study quality, and publication bias were identified.
TextSentencer_T1828 252593-252696 Sentence denotes No experimental field trials were identified, highlighting a major gap in the literature on this topic.
T7675 252593-252696 Sentence denotes No experimental field trials were identified, highlighting a major gap in the literature on this topic.
TextSentencer_T1829 252697-252768 Sentence denotes Future studies should focus on larger sample sizes in field conditions.
T76929 252697-252768 Sentence denotes Future studies should focus on larger sample sizes in field conditions.
TextSentencer_T1830 252769-252881 Sentence denotes Data for 140 dogs, naturally infected with B. rossi, and 20 healthy control dogs were retrospectively evaluated.
T72559 252769-252881 Sentence denotes Data for 140 dogs, naturally infected with B. rossi, and 20 healthy control dogs were retrospectively evaluated.
TextSentencer_T1831 252882-253007 Sentence denotes Owner consent was obtained for enrolment of each case, together with approval from the University';s Animal Ethics committee.
T93295 252882-253007 Sentence denotes Owner consent was obtained for enrolment of each case, together with approval from the University';s Animal Ethics committee.
TextSentencer_T1832 253008-253153 Sentence denotes MPXI was generated on an automated cell counter, ADVIA 2120, and cytokine concentrations were determined using a canine-specific multiplex assay.
T40352 253008-253153 Sentence denotes MPXI was generated on an automated cell counter, ADVIA 2120, and cytokine concentrations were determined using a canine-specific multiplex assay.
TextSentencer_T1833 253154-253203 Sentence denotes Fifteen of the Babesia-infected dogs died (14 %).
T80912 253154-253203 Sentence denotes Fifteen of the Babesia-infected dogs died (14 %).
TextSentencer_T1834 253204-253338 Sentence denotes MPXI was significantly higher in the Babesia-infected dogs (P = 0.033), and in the nonsurvivors (P = 0.009), compared to the controls.
T31181 253204-253338 Sentence denotes MPXI was significantly higher in the Babesia-infected dogs (P = 0.033), and in the nonsurvivors (P = 0.009), compared to the controls.
TextSentencer_T1835 253339-253655 Sentence denotes For the dogs that died, significant correlations were found between MPXI and interleukin-2 (IL-2; r = 0.616, P = 0.033), IL-6 (r = 0.615, P = 0.033), IL-18 (r = 0.613, P = 0.034), granulocytic-macrophage colony stimulating factor (r = 0.630, P = 0.028) and monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (r = 0.713, P = 0.009).
T857 253339-253655 Sentence denotes For the dogs that died, significant correlations were found between MPXI and interleukin-2 (IL-2; r = 0.616, P = 0.033), IL-6 (r = 0.615, P = 0.033), IL-18 (r = 0.613, P = 0.034), granulocytic-macrophage colony stimulating factor (r = 0.630, P = 0.028) and monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (r = 0.713, P = 0.009).
TextSentencer_T1836 253656-253761 Sentence denotes These findings suggest that significant neutrophil activation is present in dogs with B. rossi infection.
T84914 253656-253761 Sentence denotes These findings suggest that significant neutrophil activation is present in dogs with B. rossi infection.
TextSentencer_T1837 253762-253917 Sentence denotes In addition, increased MPXI was associated with disease outcome and was correlated with the severity of the cytokine-driven pro-inflammatory host response.
T58419 253762-253917 Sentence denotes In addition, increased MPXI was associated with disease outcome and was correlated with the severity of the cytokine-driven pro-inflammatory host response.
TextSentencer_T1838 253918-254048 Sentence denotes Observed to expected ratios for dilutional parallelism (5 samples) ranged from 108.0% to 137.6% with a mean ± SD of 117.7% ± 8.3%.
T29782 253918-254048 Sentence denotes Observed to expected ratios for dilutional parallelism (5 samples) ranged from 108.0% to 137.6% with a mean ± SD of 117.7% ± 8.3%.
TextSentencer_T1839 254049-254191 Sentence denotes Intra-assay (6 samples) and inter-assay (7 samples) coefficients of variation (%CVs) ranged from 1.4% to 2.7%, and 3.4% to 5.8%, respectively.
T36132 254049-254191 Sentence denotes Intra-assay (6 samples) and inter-assay (7 samples) coefficients of variation (%CVs) ranged from 1.4% to 2.7%, and 3.4% to 5.8%, respectively.
TextSentencer_T1840 254192-254352 Sentence denotes Observed to expected ratios for mixtures of two serum samples of known concentrations (15 pairs), ranged from 91.5% to 128.6% with a mean ± SD of 101.3% ± 8.3%.
T93590 254192-254352 Sentence denotes Observed to expected ratios for mixtures of two serum samples of known concentrations (15 pairs), ranged from 91.5% to 128.6% with a mean ± SD of 101.3% ± 8.3%.
TextSentencer_T1841 254353-254440 Sentence denotes Comparison with the Tridelta assay showed a non-linear relationship (R-squared = 0.46).
T23598 254353-254440 Sentence denotes Comparison with the Tridelta assay showed a non-linear relationship (R-squared = 0.46).
TextSentencer_T1842 254441-254624 Sentence denotes This was especially apparent for values greater than 30 mg/L (reference interval < 7.6 mg/L) when measured by the Tridelta assay, where the Gentian results were higher than expected).
T36359 254441-254624 Sentence denotes This was especially apparent for values greater than 30 mg/L (reference interval < 7.6 mg/L) when measured by the Tridelta assay, where the Gentian results were higher than expected).
TextSentencer_T1843 254625-254806 Sentence denotes Using the suggested cut-off values of 10.0 mg/L for the Gentian assay and 7.6 mg/L for the Tridelta assay, agreement between results was moderate (Cohen'; s kappa statistic = 0.52).
T99428 254625-254806 Sentence denotes Using the suggested cut-off values of 10.0 mg/L for the Gentian assay and 7.6 mg/L for the Tridelta assay, agreement between results was moderate (Cohen'; s kappa statistic = 0.52).
TextSentencer_T1844 254807-254889 Sentence denotes The evaluated assay (Gentian) was shown to be precise, reproducible, and accurate.
T71669 254807-254889 Sentence denotes The evaluated assay (Gentian) was shown to be precise, reproducible, and accurate.
TextSentencer_T1845 254890-255019 Sentence denotes A non-linear relationship with results from the comparison assay (Tridelta), especially for high concentration samples was shown.
T24863 254890-255019 Sentence denotes A non-linear relationship with results from the comparison assay (Tridelta), especially for high concentration samples was shown.
TextSentencer_T1846 255020-255185 Sentence denotes In conclusion, the Gentian assay appears to be sufficient for use but further work is needed to determine the optimal diagnostic cut-off value when using this assay.
T70716 255020-255185 Sentence denotes In conclusion, the Gentian assay appears to be sufficient for use but further work is needed to determine the optimal diagnostic cut-off value when using this assay.
TextSentencer_T1847 255186-255483 Sentence denotes Sarah Shropshire 1 , Steven Dow 2 , Michael Lappin 1 1 Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 2 Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Direct flow cytometry is a technique that can be used to detect immunoglobulin-associated platelets in dogs.
T99280 255186-255483 Sentence denotes Sarah Shropshire 1 , Steven Dow 2 , Michael Lappin 1 1 Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 2 Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Direct flow cytometry is a technique that can be used to detect immunoglobulin-associated platelets in dogs.
TextSentencer_T1848 255484-255650 Sentence denotes However, the present requirement is that samples must be processed within 24 hours for assessment in currently available assays which has limited its wide spread use.
T57911 255484-255650 Sentence denotes However, the present requirement is that samples must be processed within 24 hours for assessment in currently available assays which has limited its wide spread use.
TextSentencer_T1849 255651-255825 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to develop a clinically applicable direct flow cytometric assay for detection of canine IgGassociated platelets expressed as percent IgG (%IgG).
T49363 255651-255825 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to develop a clinically applicable direct flow cytometric assay for detection of canine IgGassociated platelets expressed as percent IgG (%IgG).
TextSentencer_T1850 255826-256042 Sentence denotes The direct flow cytometry assay was first optimized and a cut-off value of ≤ 10% to differentiate negative and positive classifications was determined by serial direct flow evaluation of platelets from a healthy dog.
T12775 255826-256042 Sentence denotes The direct flow cytometry assay was first optimized and a cut-off value of ≤ 10% to differentiate negative and positive classifications was determined by serial direct flow evaluation of platelets from a healthy dog.
TextSentencer_T1851 256043-256248 Sentence denotes The assay was then performed on samples from 9 healthy beagles and 12 client-owned thrombocytopenic dogs at four time points: fresh and 24, 48, and 72 hours after storage at 4 C and the % IgG was recorded.
T68325 256043-256248 Sentence denotes The assay was then performed on samples from 9 healthy beagles and 12 client-owned thrombocytopenic dogs at four time points: fresh and 24, 48, and 72 hours after storage at 4 C and the % IgG was recorded.
TextSentencer_T1852 256249-256387 Sentence denotes A repeated measures analysis (one-way ANOVA) was performed and storage time points were compared to fresh samples using Dunnett';s method.
T27393 256249-256387 Sentence denotes A repeated measures analysis (one-way ANOVA) was performed and storage time points were compared to fresh samples using Dunnett';s method.
TextSentencer_T1853 256388-256520 Sentence denotes The average coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for samples from thrombocytopenic dogs to evaluate intra-assay variability.
T3217 256388-256520 Sentence denotes The average coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for samples from thrombocytopenic dogs to evaluate intra-assay variability.
TextSentencer_T1854 256521-256680 Sentence denotes Using samples from healthy dogs, there were no differences among fresh and 24 and 48 hour samples but there was a difference between fresh and 72 hour samples.
T17112 256521-256680 Sentence denotes Using samples from healthy dogs, there were no differences among fresh and 24 and 48 hour samples but there was a difference between fresh and 72 hour samples.
TextSentencer_T1855 256681-256775 Sentence denotes There were no differences among fresh and 24, 48, or 72 hour samples in thrombocytopenic dogs.
T14885 256681-256775 Sentence denotes There were no differences among fresh and 24, 48, or 72 hour samples in thrombocytopenic dogs.
TextSentencer_T1856 256776-256888 Sentence denotes Based on the cut-off value, healthy and thrombocytopenic dogs were consistently categorized at every time point.
T75635 256776-256888 Sentence denotes Based on the cut-off value, healthy and thrombocytopenic dogs were consistently categorized at every time point.
TextSentencer_T1857 256889-256952 Sentence denotes The average intra-assay CV for thrombocytopenic dogs was 4.32%.
T12450 256889-256952 Sentence denotes The average intra-assay CV for thrombocytopenic dogs was 4.32%.
TextSentencer_T1858 256953-257095 Sentence denotes Since samples can be processed and evaluated within 72 hours, the assay can be used for samples that require shipping to a central laboratory.
T43627 256953-257095 Sentence denotes Since samples can be processed and evaluated within 72 hours, the assay can be used for samples that require shipping to a central laboratory.
TextSentencer_T1859 257096-257268 Sentence denotes This direct flow cytometric assay is reproducible and represents an accessible and potentially clinically useful test for the detection of IgG-associated platelets in dogs.
T94786 257096-257268 Sentence denotes This direct flow cytometric assay is reproducible and represents an accessible and potentially clinically useful test for the detection of IgG-associated platelets in dogs.
TextSentencer_T1860 257269-257390 Sentence denotes Comparing RNA Quality and Quantity Extracted from Canine Blood Using Commercially Available RNA Extraction Kits Dahlia H.
T64186 257269-257390 Sentence denotes Comparing RNA Quality and Quantity Extracted from Canine Blood Using Commercially Available RNA Extraction Kits Dahlia H.
TextSentencer_T1861 257391-257415 Sentence denotes Tesfamichael, Jessica C.
T88915 257391-257415 Sentence denotes Tesfamichael, Jessica C.
TextSentencer_T1862 257416-257437 Sentence denotes Pritchard, Michael W.
T52245 257416-257437 Sentence denotes Pritchard, Michael W.
TextSentencer_T1863 257438-257619 Sentence denotes Wood UW-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is increasingly used to study and diagnose disease in small animals.
T93333 257438-257619 Sentence denotes Wood UW-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is increasingly used to study and diagnose disease in small animals.
TextSentencer_T1864 257620-257717 Sentence denotes The performance of these assays relies upon first obtaining quality RNA in sufficient quantities.
T25888 257620-257717 Sentence denotes The performance of these assays relies upon first obtaining quality RNA in sufficient quantities.
TextSentencer_T1865 257718-257850 Sentence denotes There are many commercially available kits optimized to extract RNA from human blood and one designed specifically for animal blood.
T7652 257718-257850 Sentence denotes There are many commercially available kits optimized to extract RNA from human blood and one designed specifically for animal blood.
TextSentencer_T1866 257851-258027 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to use stored canine blood to assess the performance of these commercially available RNA extraction kits using RNA yield and purity as benchmarks.
T57642 257851-258027 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to use stored canine blood to assess the performance of these commercially available RNA extraction kits using RNA yield and purity as benchmarks.
TextSentencer_T1867 258028-258095 Sentence denotes The RNA extraction performance of the RiboPure (ThermoFisher, Md.).
T56577 258028-258095 Sentence denotes The RNA extraction performance of the RiboPure (ThermoFisher, Md.).
TextSentencer_T1868 258096-258152 Sentence denotes Extracted RNA was stored at -80C until further analysis.
T71092 258096-258152 Sentence denotes Extracted RNA was stored at -80C until further analysis.
TextSentencer_T1869 258153-258350 Sentence denotes Resultant RNA yield and purity were calculated using spectrophotometric absorbance peak measurements at 260nm and 280nm to determine nucleic acid concentration and assess for protein contamination.
T9336 258153-258350 Sentence denotes Resultant RNA yield and purity were calculated using spectrophotometric absorbance peak measurements at 260nm and 280nm to determine nucleic acid concentration and assess for protein contamination.
TextSentencer_T1870 258351-258488 Sentence denotes Median RNA concentration and A260/280 were compared amongst groups with a Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn';s test for multiple comparisons.
T66988 258351-258488 Sentence denotes Median RNA concentration and A260/280 were compared amongst groups with a Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn';s test for multiple comparisons.
TextSentencer_T1871 258489-258526 Sentence denotes Significance was defined as p < 0.05.
T58684 258489-258526 Sentence denotes Significance was defined as p < 0.05.
TextSentencer_T1872 258527-258659 Sentence denotes RiboPure extraction resulted in significantly higher nucleic acid concentrations than the RNeasy Protect Animal Blood (p < 0.05) and
T66371 258527-258659 Sentence denotes RiboPure extraction resulted in significantly higher nucleic acid concentrations than the RNeasy Protect Animal Blood (p < 0.05) and
TextSentencer_T1873 258660-258702 Sentence denotes RNeasy Mini (p < 0.001) kits ( Figure 1 ).
T71525 258660-258702 Sentence denotes RNeasy Mini (p < 0.001) kits ( Figure 1 ).
TextSentencer_T1874 258703-258794 Sentence denotes There was no difference in median RNA concentration between RiboPure and TRIzol (p > 0.99).
T18593 258703-258794 Sentence denotes There was no difference in median RNA concentration between RiboPure and TRIzol (p > 0.99).
TextSentencer_T1875 258795-258941 Sentence denotes There was no difference in the median A260/280 amongst the kits, indicating no significant differences in protein contamination during extraction.
T21802 258795-258941 Sentence denotes There was no difference in the median A260/280 amongst the kits, indicating no significant differences in protein contamination during extraction.
TextSentencer_T1876 258942-259087 Sentence denotes The mean A260/280 for each kit was 1.88, 1.89, 2.08, and 1.87; RiboPure, TRIzol, RNeasy Protect Animal Blood, and RNeasy Mini kits, respectively.
T74643 258942-259087 Sentence denotes The mean A260/280 for each kit was 1.88, 1.89, 2.08, and 1.87; RiboPure, TRIzol, RNeasy Protect Animal Blood, and RNeasy Mini kits, respectively.
TextSentencer_T1877 259088-259184 Sentence denotes These results indicate that the RiboPure kit isolated the greatest quantity of genetic material.
T27480 259088-259184 Sentence denotes These results indicate that the RiboPure kit isolated the greatest quantity of genetic material.
TextSentencer_T1878 259185-259354 Sentence denotes Further evaluation utilizing RT-PCR with no reverse transcriptase controls to assess for genomic DNA contamination of extracts is necessary to fully evaluate RNA purity.
T63652 259185-259354 Sentence denotes Further evaluation utilizing RT-PCR with no reverse transcriptase controls to assess for genomic DNA contamination of extracts is necessary to fully evaluate RNA purity.
TextSentencer_T1879 259355-259462 Sentence denotes Researchers can use these findings to appropriately select an RNA extraction kit based on their priorities.
T27937 259355-259462 Sentence denotes Researchers can use these findings to appropriately select an RNA extraction kit based on their priorities.
TextSentencer_T1880 259463-259604 Sentence denotes The objective in this study was to investigate risk factors associated with development of Candida urinary tract infections in dogs and cats.
T5643 259463-259604 Sentence denotes The objective in this study was to investigate risk factors associated with development of Candida urinary tract infections in dogs and cats.
TextSentencer_T1881 259605-259772 Sentence denotes Eighteen dogs and eight cats with culture-confirmed candiduriawere evaluated in a retrospective case-control study to identify risk factors associated with candiduria.
T52384 259605-259772 Sentence denotes Eighteen dogs and eight cats with culture-confirmed candiduriawere evaluated in a retrospective case-control study to identify risk factors associated with candiduria.
TextSentencer_T1882 259773-259864 Sentence denotes Control dogs and cats had bacterial cystitis or cutaneous Malassezia infection (dogs only).
T80686 259773-259864 Sentence denotes Control dogs and cats had bacterial cystitis or cutaneous Malassezia infection (dogs only).
TextSentencer_T1883 259865-259969 Sentence denotes Univariate exact logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.
T86751 259865-259969 Sentence denotes Univariate exact logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.
TextSentencer_T1884 259970-260017 Sentence denotes P-values < 0.05 were statistically significant.
T61998 259970-260017 Sentence denotes P-values < 0.05 were statistically significant.
TextSentencer_T1885 260018-260234 Sentence denotes Administration of antibacterial drugs in the 30 days before diagnosis was associated with candiduria in dogs using controls with bacterial cystitis (OR 14.5; 95% CI 3.1-66.9) and with Malassezia infection (OR 26.4; .
T36699 260018-260234 Sentence denotes Administration of antibacterial drugs in the 30 days before diagnosis was associated with candiduria in dogs using controls with bacterial cystitis (OR 14.5; 95% CI 3.1-66.9) and with Malassezia infection (OR 26.4; .
TextSentencer_T1886 260235-260341 Sentence denotes Antibacterial drug administration was also associated with candiduria in cats (OR 15.7; 95% CI 1.9-132.3).
T62770 260235-260341 Sentence denotes Antibacterial drug administration was also associated with candiduria in cats (OR 15.7; 95% CI 1.9-132.3).
TextSentencer_T1887 260342-260557 Sentence denotes Immunosuppression was associated with candiduria in dogs when compared to controls with Malassezia infection (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.4-12.8) but not significantly with bacterial cystitis controls (OR 2.7, 95% CI 0.9-8.0).
T50465 260342-260557 Sentence denotes Immunosuppression was associated with candiduria in dogs when compared to controls with Malassezia infection (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.4-12.8) but not significantly with bacterial cystitis controls (OR 2.7, 95% CI 0.9-8.0).
TextSentencer_T1888 260558-260730 Sentence denotes Lower urinary tract diseases other than infection were associated with candiduria in cats (OR 6.7, 95% CI 1.6-27.9), but not significantly in dogs (OR 2.5, 95% CI 0.7-8.7).
T92478 260558-260730 Sentence denotes Lower urinary tract diseases other than infection were associated with candiduria in cats (OR 6.7, 95% CI 1.6-27.9), but not significantly in dogs (OR 2.5, 95% CI 0.7-8.7).
TextSentencer_T1889 260731-260851 Sentence denotes Neither diabetes mellitus nor history of hospitalization was significantly associated with candiduria in either species.
T58834 260731-260851 Sentence denotes Neither diabetes mellitus nor history of hospitalization was significantly associated with candiduria in either species.
TextSentencer_T1890 260852-261041 Sentence denotes Recent administration of antibacterial drug therapy was a potential risk factor for development of candiduria in this population; their judicious use may help prevent this fungal infection.
T20858 260852-261041 Sentence denotes Recent administration of antibacterial drug therapy was a potential risk factor for development of candiduria in this population; their judicious use may help prevent this fungal infection.
TextSentencer_T1891 261042-261204 Sentence denotes Dogs within the HIP group demonstrated a lower shock index at the 12-hour mark (p =0.046), and this difference was still observable at the 24-hour mark (p =0.04).
T83507 261042-261204 Sentence denotes Dogs within the HIP group demonstrated a lower shock index at the 12-hour mark (p =0.046), and this difference was still observable at the 24-hour mark (p =0.04).
TextSentencer_T1892 261205-261400 Sentence denotes Blood lactateconcentration was lower at the 24-hour mark in the HIP dogs when compared to the placebo dogs (p =0.049), although this was not statistically different at the 48-hour mark (p= 0.10).
T9827 261205-261400 Sentence denotes Blood lactateconcentration was lower at the 24-hour mark in the HIP dogs when compared to the placebo dogs (p =0.049), although this was not statistically different at the 48-hour mark (p= 0.10).
TextSentencer_T1893 261401-261481 Sentence denotes There was no difference in duration of hospitalization between groups (p= 0.35).
T1803 261401-261481 Sentence denotes There was no difference in duration of hospitalization between groups (p= 0.35).
TextSentencer_T1894 261482-261593 Sentence denotes Overall survival was 16/16 (100%) for the HIP group, compared to 14/15 (93.3%) for the placebo group (p =0.48).
T11735 261482-261593 Sentence denotes Overall survival was 16/16 (100%) for the HIP group, compared to 14/15 (93.3%) for the placebo group (p =0.48).
TextSentencer_T1895 261594-261673 Sentence denotes HIP was well tolerated with no adverse events noted during drug administration.
T26949 261594-261673 Sentence denotes HIP was well tolerated with no adverse events noted during drug administration.
TextSentencer_T1896 261674-261809 Sentence denotes Results of this study indicate that hyperimmune plasma improves cardiovascular parameters during the first 24 hours of hospitalization.
T16402 261674-261809 Sentence denotes Results of this study indicate that hyperimmune plasma improves cardiovascular parameters during the first 24 hours of hospitalization.
TextSentencer_T1897 261810-261963 Sentence denotes This study did not identify a difference in clinical severity improvement, duration of hospitalization, or mortality when comparing HIP and placebo dogs.
T54263 261810-261963 Sentence denotes This study did not identify a difference in clinical severity improvement, duration of hospitalization, or mortality when comparing HIP and placebo dogs.
TextSentencer_T1898 261964-262128 Sentence denotes Future studies evaluating HIP dose, and timing of HIP administration relative to disease onset, are needed to better determine the clinical benefit of this product.
T32582 261964-262128 Sentence denotes Future studies evaluating HIP dose, and timing of HIP administration relative to disease onset, are needed to better determine the clinical benefit of this product.
TextSentencer_T1899 262129-262190 Sentence denotes This study was a retrospective prevalence case-control study.
T30446 262129-262190 Sentence denotes This study was a retrospective prevalence case-control study.
TextSentencer_T1900 262191-262367 Sentence denotes One This study demonstrates that Borrelia C6 seroreactivity in dogs with PLN is associated with a clinicopathologically distinct syndrome when compared with other types of PLN.
T29810 262191-262367 Sentence denotes One This study demonstrates that Borrelia C6 seroreactivity in dogs with PLN is associated with a clinicopathologically distinct syndrome when compared with other types of PLN.
TextSentencer_T1901 262368-262516 Sentence denotes Early recognition of this syndrome based on clinical findings has the potential to improve outcomes through specific aggressive and early treatment.
T8886 262368-262516 Sentence denotes Early recognition of this syndrome based on clinical findings has the potential to improve outcomes through specific aggressive and early treatment.
TextSentencer_T1902 262517-262673 Sentence denotes We therefore aimed to evaluate the clinical need for antibiotics in a common condition where it is suspected primary-care veterinarians overuse antibiotics.
T8695 262517-262673 Sentence denotes We therefore aimed to evaluate the clinical need for antibiotics in a common condition where it is suspected primary-care veterinarians overuse antibiotics.
TextSentencer_T1903 262674-262781 Sentence denotes We chose to study haemorrhagic diarrhoea in dogs, where two antibiotics are often administered as standard.
T39486 262674-262781 Sentence denotes We chose to study haemorrhagic diarrhoea in dogs, where two antibiotics are often administered as standard.
TextSentencer_T1904 262782-262965 Sentence denotes Both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and metronidazole are typically prescribed to severe cases of haemorrhagic diarrhoea, but there is no evidence that this is beneficial to the patient.
T72966 262782-262965 Sentence denotes Both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and metronidazole are typically prescribed to severe cases of haemorrhagic diarrhoea, but there is no evidence that this is beneficial to the patient.
TextSentencer_T1905 262966-263228 Sentence denotes A clinical trial was designed to determine whether dogs with haemorrhagic diarrhoea had an improved clinical outcome when receiving both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and metronidazole, or whether administration of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid alone was sufficient.
T92754 262966-263228 Sentence denotes A clinical trial was designed to determine whether dogs with haemorrhagic diarrhoea had an improved clinical outcome when receiving both amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and metronidazole, or whether administration of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid alone was sufficient.
TextSentencer_T1906 263229-263453 Sentence denotes Dogs presenting to a private primary-care veterinary hospital with haemorrhagic diarrhoea < 3 day duration were recruited to an ethically approved, prospective, placebo controlled, blinded treatment trial with owner consent.
T11039 263229-263453 Sentence denotes Dogs presenting to a private primary-care veterinary hospital with haemorrhagic diarrhoea < 3 day duration were recruited to an ethically approved, prospective, placebo controlled, blinded treatment trial with owner consent.
TextSentencer_T1907 263454-263682 Sentence denotes Cases were randomised to receive either metronidazole or saline in a blinded manner, in addition to receiving standard supportive therapy; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, intravenous fluid therapy, analgesia and a gastroprotectant.
T16079 263454-263682 Sentence denotes Cases were randomised to receive either metronidazole or saline in a blinded manner, in addition to receiving standard supportive therapy; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, intravenous fluid therapy, analgesia and a gastroprotectant.
TextSentencer_T1908 263683-263826 Sentence denotes Diagnostics were performed in accordance with the usual primary-care practice protocol; routine haematology and biochemistry but no faecal C&S.
T12840 263683-263826 Sentence denotes Diagnostics were performed in accordance with the usual primary-care practice protocol; routine haematology and biochemistry but no faecal C&S.
TextSentencer_T1909 263827-263972 Sentence denotes The efficacy of treatment was assessed by the duration of hospitalisation, and daily clinical progress was measured by a clinical scoring system.
T66652 263827-263972 Sentence denotes The efficacy of treatment was assessed by the duration of hospitalisation, and daily clinical progress was measured by a clinical scoring system.
TextSentencer_T1910 263973-264054 Sentence denotes Between Feb 2016 and Jan 2018, 34 dogs successfully completed the clinical trial.
T25163 263973-264054 Sentence denotes Between Feb 2016 and Jan 2018, 34 dogs successfully completed the clinical trial.
TextSentencer_T1911 264055-264154 Sentence denotes For cases receiving metronidazole, the average duration of hospitalisation was 29.6hr (SD 15.4hr) .
T64562 264055-264154 Sentence denotes For cases receiving metronidazole, the average duration of hospitalisation was 29.6hr (SD 15.4hr) .
TextSentencer_T1912 264155-264206 Sentence denotes For the saline placebo this was 26.3hr (SD 11.5hr).
T44530 264155-264206 Sentence denotes For the saline placebo this was 26.3hr (SD 11.5hr).
TextSentencer_T1913 264207-264274 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference between the two patient groups.
T67642 264207-264274 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference between the two patient groups.
TextSentencer_T1914 264275-264525 Sentence denotes All dogs in the trial showed a significant improvement in daily clinical score between day 1 (admission) and day 2 (p < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between the daily clinical scores when comparing the patient groups.
T56917 264275-264525 Sentence denotes All dogs in the trial showed a significant improvement in daily clinical score between day 1 (admission) and day 2 (p < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between the daily clinical scores when comparing the patient groups.
TextSentencer_T1915 264526-264587 Sentence denotes In summary, this clinical trial has two valuable conclusions.
T8974 264526-264587 Sentence denotes In summary, this clinical trial has two valuable conclusions.
TextSentencer_T1916 264588-264767 Sentence denotes First, by demonstrating that two antibiotics are not necessary for treatment of haemorrhagic diarrhoea we have shown that antibiotic usage can be safely reduced in these patients.
T51274 264588-264767 Sentence denotes First, by demonstrating that two antibiotics are not necessary for treatment of haemorrhagic diarrhoea we have shown that antibiotic usage can be safely reduced in these patients.
TextSentencer_T1917 264768-264902 Sentence denotes Second we have proven that rigorous clinical trials can be performed in primary-care practice in the absence of extensive diagnostics.
T43643 264768-264902 Sentence denotes Second we have proven that rigorous clinical trials can be performed in primary-care practice in the absence of extensive diagnostics.
TextSentencer_T1918 264903-265036 Sentence denotes It is hoped that similar trials examining possible overuse of antibiotics in other common conditions will be conducted in the future.
T94763 264903-265036 Sentence denotes It is hoped that similar trials examining possible overuse of antibiotics in other common conditions will be conducted in the future.
TextSentencer_T1919 265037-265205 Sentence denotes Over the three 3-year periods, prevalence of FIV increased from 4.8% to 6.0% (p = 0.31) and the prevalence of FeLV decreased significantly from 1.6% to 0.3% (p < 0.03).
T64132 265037-265205 Sentence denotes Over the three 3-year periods, prevalence of FIV increased from 4.8% to 6.0% (p = 0.31) and the prevalence of FeLV decreased significantly from 1.6% to 0.3% (p < 0.03).
TextSentencer_T1920 265206-265307 Sentence denotes For each year of the study, there were significantly more FIV-positive males than females (p < 0.01).
T11249 265206-265307 Sentence denotes For each year of the study, there were significantly more FIV-positive males than females (p < 0.01).
TextSentencer_T1921 265308-265568 Sentence denotes Despite a 60% decrease in admissions in the third period, the prevalence of FIV for males remained similar across the years (p < 0.08), and increased for females, suggesting that FIV testing should continue among free-living community cats in San Mateo County.
T1591 265308-265568 Sentence denotes Despite a 60% decrease in admissions in the third period, the prevalence of FIV for males remained similar across the years (p < 0.08), and increased for females, suggesting that FIV testing should continue among free-living community cats in San Mateo County.
TextSentencer_T1922 265569-265718 Sentence denotes All participants reported being aware of Lyme disease; however, none reported that a family or household member had been diagnosed with Lyme disease.
T67992 265569-265718 Sentence denotes All participants reported being aware of Lyme disease; however, none reported that a family or household member had been diagnosed with Lyme disease.
TextSentencer_T1923 265719-265863 Sentence denotes The majority of respondents stated that they knew the cause of Lyme disease (92%) and correctly identified a tick as the vector of Lyme disease.
T63854 265719-265863 Sentence denotes The majority of respondents stated that they knew the cause of Lyme disease (92%) and correctly identified a tick as the vector of Lyme disease.
TextSentencer_T1924 265864-266036 Sentence denotes However, only half of respondents actively tried to prevent tick attachment on themselves (56%), with 29% sometimes doing so, and 23% not trying to prevent tick attachment.
T53949 265864-266036 Sentence denotes However, only half of respondents actively tried to prevent tick attachment on themselves (56%), with 29% sometimes doing so, and 23% not trying to prevent tick attachment.
TextSentencer_T1925 266037-266172 Sentence denotes Similarly, only 21% of respondents undertook non-chemical efforts (e.g. trimming of brush or shrubs) to reduce ticks on their property.
T22289 266037-266172 Sentence denotes Similarly, only 21% of respondents undertook non-chemical efforts (e.g. trimming of brush or shrubs) to reduce ticks on their property.
TextSentencer_T1926 266173-266314 Sentence denotes Despite a high awareness of Lyme disease, few of the respondents recalled their human health care provider ever discussing Lyme disease (7%).
T73961 266173-266314 Sentence denotes Despite a high awareness of Lyme disease, few of the respondents recalled their human health care provider ever discussing Lyme disease (7%).
TextSentencer_T1927 266315-266421 Sentence denotes Most (97%) did not recall ever receiving information about Lyme disease from any human health care source.
T52667 266315-266421 Sentence denotes Most (97%) did not recall ever receiving information about Lyme disease from any human health care source.
TextSentencer_T1928 266422-266587 Sentence denotes The majority of respondents recalled tick prevention being discussed by their veterinarian (95%) and were administering a tick prevention product to their dog (85%).
T59200 266422-266587 Sentence denotes The majority of respondents recalled tick prevention being discussed by their veterinarian (95%) and were administering a tick prevention product to their dog (85%).
TextSentencer_T1929 266588-266722 Sentence denotes Puppies were reported to be vaccinated for Lyme disease by 40% of respondents, while 15% were not certain if vaccination had occurred.
T38184 266588-266722 Sentence denotes Puppies were reported to be vaccinated for Lyme disease by 40% of respondents, while 15% were not certain if vaccination had occurred.
TextSentencer_T1930 266723-266864 Sentence denotes Baseline vector-borne disease testing (SNAP 4Dx® Plus® Test) for all 4 pathogens has been negative for all enrolled puppies to date (n =120).
T30245 266723-266864 Sentence denotes Baseline vector-borne disease testing (SNAP 4Dx® Plus® Test) for all 4 pathogens has been negative for all enrolled puppies to date (n =120).
TextSentencer_T1931 266865-267065 Sentence denotes This evaluation of baseline test results and confirmation of high petowner knowledge of Lyme disease will form the basis for ongoing and future research efforts utilizing this unique study population.
T71591 266865-267065 Sentence denotes This evaluation of baseline test results and confirmation of high petowner knowledge of Lyme disease will form the basis for ongoing and future research efforts utilizing this unique study population.
TextSentencer_T1932 267066-267116 Sentence denotes Day 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 .
T59487 267066-267116 Sentence denotes Day 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 .
TextSentencer_T1933 267117-267181 Sentence denotes Ocular lesions or systemic signs of disease were not recognized.
T85308 267117-267181 Sentence denotes Ocular lesions or systemic signs of disease were not recognized.
TextSentencer_T1934 267182-267234 Sentence denotes Oocysts were seen in the feces of one cat on Day 46.
T98079 267182-267234 Sentence denotes Oocysts were seen in the feces of one cat on Day 46.
TextSentencer_T1935 267235-267418 Sentence denotes One cat developed both IgM and IgG antibodies on Day 17; one cat developed IgG antibodies alone, first detected on Day 28, and one cat developed both IgM and IgG antibodies on Day 28.
T22733 267235-267418 Sentence denotes One cat developed both IgM and IgG antibodies on Day 17; one cat developed IgG antibodies alone, first detected on Day 28, and one cat developed both IgM and IgG antibodies on Day 28.
TextSentencer_T1936 267419-267471 Sentence denotes The IgG antibodies persisted through the experiment.
T98758 267419-267471 Sentence denotes The IgG antibodies persisted through the experiment.
TextSentencer_T1937 267472-267691 Sentence denotes The results confirm that cats that ingest sporulated T. gondii oocysts can become infected but shed lower levels of oocysts and have delayed seroconversion when compared to historical controls who were fed tissue cysts.
T15395 267472-267691 Sentence denotes The results confirm that cats that ingest sporulated T. gondii oocysts can become infected but shed lower levels of oocysts and have delayed seroconversion when compared to historical controls who were fed tissue cysts.
TextSentencer_T1938 267692-267817 Sentence denotes The samples collected will be used in the sporozoite antibody assay titration and an ongoing study of naturally exposed cats.
T99461 267692-267817 Sentence denotes The samples collected will be used in the sporozoite antibody assay titration and an ongoing study of naturally exposed cats.
TextSentencer_T1939 267818-268027 Sentence denotes Comparison of Immediate versus Delayed Streak Plate Inoculation of Urine Bacterial Culture and Sensitivity Testing commonly transported to external reference laboratories prior to inoculation of culture media.
T28066 267818-268027 Sentence denotes Comparison of Immediate versus Delayed Streak Plate Inoculation of Urine Bacterial Culture and Sensitivity Testing commonly transported to external reference laboratories prior to inoculation of culture media.
TextSentencer_T1940 268028-268330 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to compare the results of bacterial culture and sensitivity testing of canine and feline urine samples when streak plate inoculation is performed immediately after sample collection versus when streak plate inoculation is delayed until arrival at a reference laboratory.
T20434 268028-268330 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to compare the results of bacterial culture and sensitivity testing of canine and feline urine samples when streak plate inoculation is performed immediately after sample collection versus when streak plate inoculation is delayed until arrival at a reference laboratory.
TextSentencer_T1941 268331-268510 Sentence denotes This was a prospective, observational study that included urine samples from 194 canines and 45 felines submitted for routine urinalysis and urine culture and sensitivity testing.
T30305 268331-268510 Sentence denotes This was a prospective, observational study that included urine samples from 194 canines and 45 felines submitted for routine urinalysis and urine culture and sensitivity testing.
TextSentencer_T1942 268511-268665 Sentence denotes Streak plate inoculations of urine samples were performed immediately after sample collection, and again after receipt by an outside reference laboratory.
T46006 268511-268665 Sentence denotes Streak plate inoculations of urine samples were performed immediately after sample collection, and again after receipt by an outside reference laboratory.
TextSentencer_T1943 268666-268712 Sentence denotes Culture and sensitivity results were compared.
T43569 268666-268712 Sentence denotes Culture and sensitivity results were compared.
TextSentencer_T1944 268713-268860 Sentence denotes Additional data collected included signalment, comorbidities, presence of lower urinary tract signs, urinalysis results, and antimicrobial history.
T36191 268713-268860 Sentence denotes Additional data collected included signalment, comorbidities, presence of lower urinary tract signs, urinalysis results, and antimicrobial history.
TextSentencer_T1945 268861-268925 Sentence denotes Overall agreement between immediate and delayed culture was 87%.
T51712 268861-268925 Sentence denotes Overall agreement between immediate and delayed culture was 87%.
TextSentencer_T1946 268926-269072 Sentence denotes Serum sI-CAM-1 was measured using a commercial ELISA-kit (SEA548Ca; Brunschwig) and results compared between groups using the Kruskal-Wallis Test.
T53278 268926-269072 Sentence denotes Serum sI-CAM-1 was measured using a commercial ELISA-kit (SEA548Ca; Brunschwig) and results compared between groups using the Kruskal-Wallis Test.
TextSentencer_T1947 269073-269177 Sentence denotes Associations between sI-CAM-1, disease group and outcome were tested using logistic regression analysis.
T85845 269073-269177 Sentence denotes Associations between sI-CAM-1, disease group and outcome were tested using logistic regression analysis.
TextSentencer_T1948 269178-269290 Sentence denotes The diagnostic accuracy of day 1 sI-CAM-1 to predict the occurrence of LPHS was tested using ROC curve analysis.
T91789 269178-269290 Sentence denotes The diagnostic accuracy of day 1 sI-CAM-1 to predict the occurrence of LPHS was tested using ROC curve analysis.
TextSentencer_T1949 269291-269497 Sentence denotes Median sI-CAM-1 serum concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with AKI (43.6 ng/ml, n = 18) and in dogs with LPHS (64.2 ng/ml, n = 14) compared to heathy controls (15.8 ng/ml, ; n = 31; p < 0.001).
T56513 269291-269497 Sentence denotes Median sI-CAM-1 serum concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with AKI (43.6 ng/ml, n = 18) and in dogs with LPHS (64.2 ng/ml, n = 14) compared to heathy controls (15.8 ng/ml, ; n = 31; p < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T1950 269498-269715 Sentence denotes Median sI-CAM-1 was higher in dogs with leptospirosis without LPHS (37.6 ng/ml, IQR 20.9-53.4, n = 10) compared controls, and lower than in the LPHS group, but these differences did not reach statistical significance.
T91534 269498-269715 Sentence denotes Median sI-CAM-1 was higher in dogs with leptospirosis without LPHS (37.6 ng/ml, IQR 20.9-53.4, n = 10) compared controls, and lower than in the LPHS group, but these differences did not reach statistical significance.
TextSentencer_T1951 269716-269929 Sentence denotes Few day 3 samples were available for analysis, but showed similar trends with highest sI-CAM-1 in dogs with LPHS (87.5 ng/ml, IQR 44.1-101.7; n = 5) compared to healthy controls, dogs with AKI (21.9 ng/ml, IQR 10.
T81779 269716-269929 Sentence denotes Few day 3 samples were available for analysis, but showed similar trends with highest sI-CAM-1 in dogs with LPHS (87.5 ng/ml, IQR 44.1-101.7; n = 5) compared to healthy controls, dogs with AKI (21.9 ng/ml, IQR 10.
TextSentencer_T1952 269930-269996 Sentence denotes 5-71.3; n = 5) and leptospirosis without LPHS (26.2 ng/ml, IQR 23.
T28609 269930-269996 Sentence denotes 5-71.3; n = 5) and leptospirosis without LPHS (26.2 ng/ml, IQR 23.
TextSentencer_T1953 269997-270013 Sentence denotes 2-29.3; n = 2) .
T81734 269997-270013 Sentence denotes 2-29.3; n = 2) .
TextSentencer_T1954 270014-270116 Sentence denotes However, only the difference between healthy and LPHS group was statistically significant (p = 0.015).
T1219 270014-270116 Sentence denotes However, only the difference between healthy and LPHS group was statistically significant (p = 0.015).
TextSentencer_T1955 270117-270198 Sentence denotes There was no significant association between sI-CAM-1, disease group and outcome.
T93081 270117-270198 Sentence denotes There was no significant association between sI-CAM-1, disease group and outcome.
TextSentencer_T1956 270199-270338 Sentence denotes Day 1 sI-CAM-1 predicted the development of LPHS with reasonable accuracy (AUC 0.79; sensitivity 79%, CI 49-95; specificity 73%, CI 60-84).
T18714 270199-270338 Sentence denotes Day 1 sI-CAM-1 predicted the development of LPHS with reasonable accuracy (AUC 0.79; sensitivity 79%, CI 49-95; specificity 73%, CI 60-84).
TextSentencer_T1957 270339-270501 Sentence denotes These findings suggest, that in the context of leptospirosis, overexpression of endothelial ICAM-1 may be associated with the development of pulmonary hemorrhage.
T31779 270339-270501 Sentence denotes These findings suggest, that in the context of leptospirosis, overexpression of endothelial ICAM-1 may be associated with the development of pulmonary hemorrhage.
TextSentencer_T1958 270502-270810 Sentence denotes We examined data from a regional human pediatric medical center (2010) (2011) (2012) (2013) (2014) (2015) (2016) , and from a veterinary clinical laboratory and a veterinary reference laboratory (2002) (2003) (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) (2012) (2013) (2014) (2015) (2016) (2017) .
T62428 270502-270810 Sentence denotes We examined data from a regional human pediatric medical center (2010) (2011) (2012) (2013) (2014) (2015) (2016) , and from a veterinary clinical laboratory and a veterinary reference laboratory (2002) (2003) (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) (2012) (2013) (2014) (2015) (2016) (2017) .
TextSentencer_T1959 270811-270995 Sentence denotes We focused on urinary isolates from pediatric and canine populations to compare resistance patterns most common in each and to examine for the emergence of similar resistance patterns.
T32251 270811-270995 Sentence denotes We focused on urinary isolates from pediatric and canine populations to compare resistance patterns most common in each and to examine for the emergence of similar resistance patterns.
TextSentencer_T1960 270996-271117 Sentence denotes We examined the resistance of E. coli urinary tract isolates to five major classes of antibiotics from dogs and children.
T42403 270996-271117 Sentence denotes We examined the resistance of E. coli urinary tract isolates to five major classes of antibiotics from dogs and children.
TextSentencer_T1961 271118-271219 Sentence denotes We further examined the prevalence of phenotypic resistance patterns to combinations of drug classes.
T3458 271118-271219 Sentence denotes We further examined the prevalence of phenotypic resistance patterns to combinations of drug classes.
TextSentencer_T1962 271220-271443 Sentence denotes We found that in canine urinary isolates, the prevalence of E. coli resistance to the class representatives of third generation cephalosporins (ceftiofur) was higher than resistance of human urinary isolates to ceftriaxone.
T52579 271220-271443 Sentence denotes We found that in canine urinary isolates, the prevalence of E. coli resistance to the class representatives of third generation cephalosporins (ceftiofur) was higher than resistance of human urinary isolates to ceftriaxone.
TextSentencer_T1963 271444-271550 Sentence denotes We did not detect, however, an increasing rate of resistance in the canine isolates over the study period.
T78140 271444-271550 Sentence denotes We did not detect, however, an increasing rate of resistance in the canine isolates over the study period.
TextSentencer_T1964 271551-271799 Sentence denotes The prevalence of the phenotype commonly associated with E. coli isolates of the ST131 clonal lineage, featuring resistance to both cephalosporins and quinolones, was also more common in the companion animal isolates compared to the human isolates.
T53175 271551-271799 Sentence denotes The prevalence of the phenotype commonly associated with E. coli isolates of the ST131 clonal lineage, featuring resistance to both cephalosporins and quinolones, was also more common in the companion animal isolates compared to the human isolates.
TextSentencer_T1965 271800-271957 Sentence denotes Our findings suggest a higher rate of E. coli resistance to third generation cephalosporins is found in canine patients compared to human pediatric patients.
T72660 271800-271957 Sentence denotes Our findings suggest a higher rate of E. coli resistance to third generation cephalosporins is found in canine patients compared to human pediatric patients.
TextSentencer_T1966 271958-272126 Sentence denotes While this difference could be due to differences in Of the feline fecal flotation tests performed, 3,949 (0.13%) were positive for the presence of A. abstrusus larvae.
T3449 271958-272126 Sentence denotes While this difference could be due to differences in Of the feline fecal flotation tests performed, 3,949 (0.13%) were positive for the presence of A. abstrusus larvae.
TextSentencer_T1967 272127-272201 Sentence denotes In addition, 65 (2.3%) of the Baermann tests conducted were also positive.
T55031 272127-272201 Sentence denotes In addition, 65 (2.3%) of the Baermann tests conducted were also positive.
TextSentencer_T1968 272202-272347 Sentence denotes As reported in other studies, age was a significant risk factor with cats 1 to 12 months having a relative risk of 5.72 (95% confidence interval:
T32397 272202-272347 Sentence denotes As reported in other studies, age was a significant risk factor with cats 1 to 12 months having a relative risk of 5.72 (95% confidence interval:
TextSentencer_T1969 272348-272409 Sentence denotes 5.30-6.18, P < 0.0001) compared to cats older than 12 months.
T97759 272348-272409 Sentence denotes 5.30-6.18, P < 0.0001) compared to cats older than 12 months.
TextSentencer_T1970 272410-272490 Sentence denotes In contrast, there was no association observed between infection status and sex.
T77317 272410-272490 Sentence denotes In contrast, there was no association observed between infection status and sex.
TextSentencer_T1971 272491-272704 Sentence denotes Significant variation in Overall 5.0%, 6.8%, and 3.9% of sera were ELISA reactive to The results to date suggest that dogs with primary exposure to this dose and strain of H3N2 will be contagious for up to 5 days.
T47514 272491-272704 Sentence denotes Significant variation in Overall 5.0%, 6.8%, and 3.9% of sera were ELISA reactive to The results to date suggest that dogs with primary exposure to this dose and strain of H3N2 will be contagious for up to 5 days.
TextSentencer_T1972 272705-272863 Sentence denotes The goal of this study was to evaluate the indications, dosing, potential adverse effects, and survival to discharge in dogs and cats treated with vancomycin.
T59513 272705-272863 Sentence denotes The goal of this study was to evaluate the indications, dosing, potential adverse effects, and survival to discharge in dogs and cats treated with vancomycin.
TextSentencer_T1973 272864-272979 Sentence denotes An additional goal was to evaluate if vancomycin treatment was based on current recommendations and best practices.
T35484 272864-272979 Sentence denotes An additional goal was to evaluate if vancomycin treatment was based on current recommendations and best practices.
TextSentencer_T1974 272980-273063 Sentence denotes Records were retrieved using the keyword "vancomycin" and retrospectively reviewed.
T86446 272980-273063 Sentence denotes Records were retrieved using the keyword "vancomycin" and retrospectively reviewed.
TextSentencer_T1975 273064-273124 Sentence denotes Records from thirty-three dogs and eight cats were reviewed.
T42438 273064-273124 Sentence denotes Records from thirty-three dogs and eight cats were reviewed.
TextSentencer_T1976 273125-273577 Sentence denotes The most common indications for vancomycin included infections involving the integument (10/41, 24.4%) or hepatobiliary systems (8/41, 19 .5%), endocarditis (6/41, 14.6%) , and infected orthopedic implants (6/41, 14.6% The medical records data base (IDEXX) was searched for feline cases that had blood evaluated in a PCR assay that amplifies DNA of Bartonella spp. and also had results available from a complete blood cell count completed concurrently.
T25840 273125-273577 Sentence denotes The most common indications for vancomycin included infections involving the integument (10/41, 24.4%) or hepatobiliary systems (8/41, 19 .5%), endocarditis (6/41, 14.6%) , and infected orthopedic implants (6/41, 14.6% The medical records data base (IDEXX) was searched for feline cases that had blood evaluated in a PCR assay that amplifies DNA of Bartonella spp. and also had results available from a complete blood cell count completed concurrently.
TextSentencer_T1977 273578-273898 Sentence denotes The cases were first classified as those being tested as blood donors and those that were suspected to be clinically ill and then samples from states with low risk for C. felis were Since other clinical information like use of flea control or antibiotics are not available, these results should be interpreted carefully.
T72031 273578-273898 Sentence denotes The cases were first classified as those being tested as blood donors and those that were suspected to be clinically ill and then samples from states with low risk for C. felis were Since other clinical information like use of flea control or antibiotics are not available, these results should be interpreted carefully.
TextSentencer_T1978 273899-274036 Sentence denotes In addition, the estimated Bartonella spp. prevalence data from the blood donor cats was likely lowered by selection of cats of low risk.
T40417 273899-274036 Sentence denotes In addition, the estimated Bartonella spp. prevalence data from the blood donor cats was likely lowered by selection of cats of low risk.
TextSentencer_T1979 274037-274159 Sentence denotes However, the results seem to confirm those of other smaller studies that failed to link Bartonella spp. to anemia in cats.
T24062 274037-274159 Sentence denotes However, the results seem to confirm those of other smaller studies that failed to link Bartonella spp. to anemia in cats.
TextSentencer_T1980 274160-274248 Sentence denotes Further studies will be required to confirm the weak association between Bartonella spp.
T3517 274160-274248 Sentence denotes Further studies will be required to confirm the weak association between Bartonella spp.
TextSentencer_T1981 274249-274299 Sentence denotes DNA in blood and the presence of thrombocytopenia.
T79008 274249-274299 Sentence denotes DNA in blood and the presence of thrombocytopenia.
TextSentencer_T1982 274300-274365 Sentence denotes The pradofloxacin protocol used in this study was well tolerated.
T59303 274300-274365 Sentence denotes The pradofloxacin protocol used in this study was well tolerated.
TextSentencer_T1983 274366-274533 Sentence denotes Bartonella henselae bacteremia was not detected in any cat after administration of pradofloxacin even after the administration of a dose of methylprednisolone acetate.
T68761 274366-274533 Sentence denotes Bartonella henselae bacteremia was not detected in any cat after administration of pradofloxacin even after the administration of a dose of methylprednisolone acetate.
TextSentencer_T1984 274534-274622 Sentence denotes The results suggest an antibiotic effect or that the organism was cleared spontaneously.
T18059 274534-274622 Sentence denotes The results suggest an antibiotic effect or that the organism was cleared spontaneously.
TextSentencer_T1985 274623-274944 Sentence denotes The study should be repeated with cats infected with B. henselae by exposure to infected C. felis and cats infected in the field. (3-[4,5,dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-5-[3-carboxymethoxy- diverse, yet predictable associations between specific virulence (e.g. toxin, biofilm) and antimicrobial resistance genes can be elucidated.
T56213 274623-274944 Sentence denotes The study should be repeated with cats infected with B. henselae by exposure to infected C. felis and cats infected in the field. (3-[4,5,dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-5-[3-carboxymethoxy- diverse, yet predictable associations between specific virulence (e.g. toxin, biofilm) and antimicrobial resistance genes can be elucidated.
TextSentencer_T1986 274945-275132 Sentence denotes A collection of 79 E. coli isolates collected from canine urine samples were previously characterized for O and H antigen types, antimicrobial susceptibility, and ability to form biofilm.
T21668 274945-275132 Sentence denotes A collection of 79 E. coli isolates collected from canine urine samples were previously characterized for O and H antigen types, antimicrobial susceptibility, and ability to form biofilm.
TextSentencer_T1987 275133-275246 Sentence denotes Here, a subset of these isolates (n = 16) were characterized using whole genome sequencing on the MiSeq platform.
T94720 275133-275246 Sentence denotes Here, a subset of these isolates (n = 16) were characterized using whole genome sequencing on the MiSeq platform.
TextSentencer_T1988 275247-275373 Sentence denotes Thirteen different E. coli sequence types were recovered; two sequence types (127 and 156) were found among multiple isolates.
T52219 275247-275373 Sentence denotes Thirteen different E. coli sequence types were recovered; two sequence types (127 and 156) were found among multiple isolates.
TextSentencer_T1989 275374-275488 Sentence denotes E. coli sequence type 156 was associated with multiple samples collected from the same patient three months apart.
T29234 275374-275488 Sentence denotes E. coli sequence type 156 was associated with multiple samples collected from the same patient three months apart.
TextSentencer_T1990 275489-275549 Sentence denotes E. coli sequence type 127 was found in three different dogs.
T65863 275489-275549 Sentence denotes E. coli sequence type 127 was found in three different dogs.
TextSentencer_T1991 275550-275786 Sentence denotes A number of different antimicrobial resistance genes were identified, including aac(6 0 ) lb-cr, aadA, aadB, aph(3 0 )-I, bla CMY , bla CTX-M , bla OXA , bla TEM , cat, cml, cmlA, dfrA, mph(A), strA, strB, sul1, sul2, sul3, and tet(B) .
T84568 275550-275786 Sentence denotes A number of different antimicrobial resistance genes were identified, including aac(6 0 ) lb-cr, aadA, aadB, aph(3 0 )-I, bla CMY , bla CTX-M , bla OXA , bla TEM , cat, cml, cmlA, dfrA, mph(A), strA, strB, sul1, sul2, sul3, and tet(B) .
TextSentencer_T1992 275787-275924 Sentence denotes The presence of several of these genes has importance in classifying these isolates as extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers.
T79755 275787-275924 Sentence denotes The presence of several of these genes has importance in classifying these isolates as extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers.
TextSentencer_T1993 275925-276011 Sentence denotes Sequence type 127 which represented three isolates lacked associated resistance genes.
T36765 275925-276011 Sentence denotes Sequence type 127 which represented three isolates lacked associated resistance genes.
TextSentencer_T1994 276012-276161 Sentence denotes All sequenced isolates had at least one fimbriae-associated gene, and eaeH, a gene associated with E. coli attachment was found in 15 (94%) isolates.
T41439 276012-276161 Sentence denotes All sequenced isolates had at least one fimbriae-associated gene, and eaeH, a gene associated with E. coli attachment was found in 15 (94%) isolates.
TextSentencer_T1995 276162-276330 Sentence denotes Previously, the presence of one fimbriaeassociated gene, fimH has been strongly associated with the ability to form biofilm, and was detected in 15 of 16 isolates here.
T82282 276162-276330 Sentence denotes Previously, the presence of one fimbriaeassociated gene, fimH has been strongly associated with the ability to form biofilm, and was detected in 15 of 16 isolates here.
TextSentencer_T1996 276331-276496 Sentence denotes In conclusion, Escherichia coli causing canine UTIs appear diverse; still, the presence of consistent attachment and virulence genes was noted across sequence types.
T14708 276331-276496 Sentence denotes In conclusion, Escherichia coli causing canine UTIs appear diverse; still, the presence of consistent attachment and virulence genes was noted across sequence types.
TextSentencer_T1997 276497-276682 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial resistance genes and phenotypic resistance to cephalosporins were detected in several samples and are concerning for therapeutic choice and animal handling considerations.
T98247 276497-276682 Sentence denotes Antimicrobial resistance genes and phenotypic resistance to cephalosporins were detected in several samples and are concerning for therapeutic choice and animal handling considerations.
TextSentencer_T1998 276683-276861 Sentence denotes Further work to explore associations among virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm potential is underway to better understand UPEC presentation and pathogenesis in dogs.
T14822 276683-276861 Sentence denotes Further work to explore associations among virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm potential is underway to better understand UPEC presentation and pathogenesis in dogs.
TextSentencer_T1999 276862-277071 Sentence denotes In dogs that were anesthetized with Propofol, serum levels of SDMA measured after anesthesia (15.95 ± 4.03 μg/dL) were significantly higher than those measured before anesthesia (11.85 ± 3.06 μg/dL, P < 0.01).
T45582 276862-277071 Sentence denotes In dogs that were anesthetized with Propofol, serum levels of SDMA measured after anesthesia (15.95 ± 4.03 μg/dL) were significantly higher than those measured before anesthesia (11.85 ± 3.06 μg/dL, P < 0.01).
TextSentencer_T2000 277072-277149 Sentence denotes Levels of sCr and BUN, traditional markers of renal function, also increased.
T48474 277072-277149 Sentence denotes Levels of sCr and BUN, traditional markers of renal function, also increased.
TextSentencer_T2001 277150-277283 Sentence denotes Additionally, BUN and sCr levels were significantly and positively associated with SDMA levels (r = 0.23 and r = 0.42, respectively).
T41640 277150-277283 Sentence denotes Additionally, BUN and sCr levels were significantly and positively associated with SDMA levels (r = 0.23 and r = 0.42, respectively).
TextSentencer_T2002 277284-277502 Sentence denotes In the Alphaxalone-treated dogs, the average serum level of SDMA before anesthesia was 12.15 ± 1.79 μg/dL, which increased to 17.70 ± 4.64 μg/dL after anesthesia, whereas smaller increases were detected in sCr and BUN.
T29581 277284-277502 Sentence denotes In the Alphaxalone-treated dogs, the average serum level of SDMA before anesthesia was 12.15 ± 1.79 μg/dL, which increased to 17.70 ± 4.64 μg/dL after anesthesia, whereas smaller increases were detected in sCr and BUN.
TextSentencer_T2003 277503-277678 Sentence denotes In this study, an increase in serum SDMA was observed in both Propofol-and Alphaxalone-treated dogs, whereas the levels of sCr and BUN only increased in Propofol-treated dogs.
T63020 277503-277678 Sentence denotes In this study, an increase in serum SDMA was observed in both Propofol-and Alphaxalone-treated dogs, whereas the levels of sCr and BUN only increased in Propofol-treated dogs.
TextSentencer_T2004 277679-277805 Sentence denotes Taken together, these data suggest that serum SDMA concentration is likely to be a sensitive biomarker for kidney dysfunction.
T83495 277679-277805 Sentence denotes Taken together, these data suggest that serum SDMA concentration is likely to be a sensitive biomarker for kidney dysfunction.
TextSentencer_T2005 277806-278044 Sentence denotes The present data shows that serum SDMA has a strong relationship with several parameters used in the evaluation of renal function, such as serum creatinine, serum phosphorus, serum BUN, hematocrit, UP/C, urinary density and reticulocytes.
T77169 277806-278044 Sentence denotes The present data shows that serum SDMA has a strong relationship with several parameters used in the evaluation of renal function, such as serum creatinine, serum phosphorus, serum BUN, hematocrit, UP/C, urinary density and reticulocytes.
TextSentencer_T2006 278045-278088 Sentence denotes Serum SDMA had a weak relationship with BP.
T95553 278045-278088 Sentence denotes Serum SDMA had a weak relationship with BP.
TextSentencer_T2007 278089-278190 Sentence denotes Serum SDMA increased prior to image alteration on kidney ultrasonography in 13.3% (3/30) of the dogs.
T31291 278089-278190 Sentence denotes Serum SDMA increased prior to image alteration on kidney ultrasonography in 13.3% (3/30) of the dogs.
TextSentencer_T2008 278191-278295 Sentence denotes Serum SDMA also increased in 15% (9/60) of dogs before values of serum creatinine were above 1.4mg / dl.
T54668 278191-278295 Sentence denotes Serum SDMA also increased in 15% (9/60) of dogs before values of serum creatinine were above 1.4mg / dl.
TextSentencer_T2009 278296-278502 Sentence denotes The differences found in IRIS staging considering serum SDMA were: of the dogs in IRIS stage 2, 33.3% (2/6) had serum SDMA above 25μg / dl, so these dogs were reclassified from IRIS stage 2 to IRIS stage 3.
T61986 278296-278502 Sentence denotes The differences found in IRIS staging considering serum SDMA were: of the dogs in IRIS stage 2, 33.3% (2/6) had serum SDMA above 25μg / dl, so these dogs were reclassified from IRIS stage 2 to IRIS stage 3.
TextSentencer_T2010 278503-278631 Sentence denotes Dogs in IRIS stage 3, 16.6% (1/6) had serum SDMA above 45μg / dl so this dog was reclassified from IRIS stage 3 to IRIS stage 4.
T92960 278503-278631 Sentence denotes Dogs in IRIS stage 3, 16.6% (1/6) had serum SDMA above 45μg / dl so this dog was reclassified from IRIS stage 3 to IRIS stage 4.
TextSentencer_T2011 278632-278802 Sentence denotes So we conclude that serum SDMA is an important tool for the evaluation of renal function and should be used routinely in the evaluation of dogs infected with L. infantum.
T89810 278632-278802 Sentence denotes So we conclude that serum SDMA is an important tool for the evaluation of renal function and should be used routinely in the evaluation of dogs infected with L. infantum.
TextSentencer_T2012 278803-278945 Sentence denotes Samples were thawed in batches and analyzed once using Cata-lystSDMA, on a Catalyst One® Chemistry Analyzer, and once using LC-MS (RefMethod).
T27186 278803-278945 Sentence denotes Samples were thawed in batches and analyzed once using Cata-lystSDMA, on a Catalyst One® Chemistry Analyzer, and once using LC-MS (RefMethod).
TextSentencer_T2013 278946-279059 Sentence denotes The study was completed over several days, however, for each sample, all testing was completed within four hours.
T70090 278946-279059 Sentence denotes The study was completed over several days, however, for each sample, all testing was completed within four hours.
TextSentencer_T2014 279060-279095 Sentence denotes All testing was completed at IDEXX.
T74122 279060-279095 Sentence denotes All testing was completed at IDEXX.
TextSentencer_T2015 279096-279160 Sentence denotes Results are reported with 95 % confidence limits in parentheses.
T85511 279096-279160 Sentence denotes Results are reported with 95 % confidence limits in parentheses.
TextSentencer_T2016 279161-279254 Sentence denotes RefMethod median SDMA was 21.5 μg/dL; interquartile range (IQR) of 11.7 to 32.5 μg/dL; range:
T514 279161-279254 Sentence denotes RefMethod median SDMA was 21.5 μg/dL; interquartile range (IQR) of 11.7 to 32.5 μg/dL; range:
TextSentencer_T2017 279255-279273 Sentence denotes 5.1 to 85.3 μg/dL.
T45777 279255-279273 Sentence denotes 5.1 to 85.3 μg/dL.
TextSentencer_T2018 279274-279319 Sentence denotes CatalystSDMA median SDMA was 21.7 μg/dL; IQR:
T79420 279274-279319 Sentence denotes CatalystSDMA median SDMA was 21.7 μg/dL; IQR:
TextSentencer_T2019 279320-279346 Sentence denotes 11.3 to 32.9 μg/dL; range:
T74906 279320-279346 Sentence denotes 11.3 to 32.9 μg/dL; range:
TextSentencer_T2020 279347-279365 Sentence denotes 1.9 to 79.5 μg/dL.
T50602 279347-279365 Sentence denotes 1.9 to 79.5 μg/dL.
TextSentencer_T2021 279366-279488 Sentence denotes No statistical difference existed between SDMA concentrations obtained by the two methods (P = 0.88; Mann-Whitney U test).
T26177 279366-279488 Sentence denotes No statistical difference existed between SDMA concentrations obtained by the two methods (P = 0.88; Mann-Whitney U test).
TextSentencer_T2022 279489-279592 Sentence denotes Passing-Bablok regression analysis: intercept 1.0 μg/dL (0.0 to 2.0); slope 1.0 (0.9 to 1.1); Tau 0.84.
T23757 279489-279592 Sentence denotes Passing-Bablok regression analysis: intercept 1.0 μg/dL (0.0 to 2.0); slope 1.0 (0.9 to 1.1); Tau 0.84.
TextSentencer_T2023 279593-279645 Sentence denotes The Pearson';s correlation coefficient (r) was 0.94.
T85497 279593-279645 Sentence denotes The Pearson';s correlation coefficient (r) was 0.94.
TextSentencer_T2024 279646-279720 Sentence denotes The mean difference (Bland-Altman plot) was 0.0 μg/dL; standard deviation:
T13539 279646-279720 Sentence denotes The mean difference (Bland-Altman plot) was 0.0 μg/dL; standard deviation:
TextSentencer_T2025 279721-279744 Sentence denotes 5.7 μg/dL (4.9 to 6.4).
T57611 279721-279744 Sentence denotes 5.7 μg/dL (4.9 to 6.4).
TextSentencer_T2026 279745-279922 Sentence denotes Limits-of-agreement (LOA) plot showed no fixed or proportional bias, with increased variation at the higher end of the dynamic range where unlikely to impact clinical decisions.
T66713 279745-279922 Sentence denotes Limits-of-agreement (LOA) plot showed no fixed or proportional bias, with increased variation at the higher end of the dynamic range where unlikely to impact clinical decisions.
TextSentencer_T2027 279923-279964 Sentence denotes LOA upper limit 11.1 μg/dL (9.4 to 13.0).
T80685 279923-279964 Sentence denotes LOA upper limit 11.1 μg/dL (9.4 to 13.0).
TextSentencer_T2028 279965-280009 Sentence denotes LOA lower limit -11.1 μg/dL (-13.0 to -9.3).
T97339 279965-280009 Sentence denotes LOA lower limit -11.1 μg/dL (-13.0 to -9.3).
TextSentencer_T2029 280010-280143 Sentence denotes For each assay, results to the nearest whole number were assigned to one of three categories: ≤ 14 μg/dL; 15 to 19 μg/dL; ≥ 20 μg/dL.
T64628 280010-280143 Sentence denotes For each assay, results to the nearest whole number were assigned to one of three categories: ≤ 14 μg/dL; 15 to 19 μg/dL; ≥ 20 μg/dL.
TextSentencer_T2030 280144-280221 Sentence denotes The percentage agreement (concordance) between the two assays was calculated.
T56725 280144-280221 Sentence denotes The percentage agreement (concordance) between the two assays was calculated.
TextSentencer_T2031 280222-280280 Sentence denotes There was good agreement (85 %) on results classification.
T49647 280222-280280 Sentence denotes There was good agreement (85 %) on results classification.
TextSentencer_T2032 280281-280456 Sentence denotes The minimal bias, good concordance and excellent correlation to the reference method provide confidence that CatalystSDMA can be used for in-clinic measurement of feline SDMA.
T41657 280281-280456 Sentence denotes The minimal bias, good concordance and excellent correlation to the reference method provide confidence that CatalystSDMA can be used for in-clinic measurement of feline SDMA.
TextSentencer_T2033 280457-280597 Sentence denotes Fasting uCa:Cr that was collected at initial evaluation was considered increased if the ratio were >0.06 based on previously published data.
T73442 280457-280597 Sentence denotes Fasting uCa:Cr that was collected at initial evaluation was considered increased if the ratio were >0.06 based on previously published data.
TextSentencer_T2034 280598-280802 Sentence denotes Dogs were included in this study if CaOx urolithiasis was confirmed via quantitative calculi analysis and ionized calcium (iCa), routine serum chemistry, CBC, and urinalysis were available for evaluation.
T10493 280598-280802 Sentence denotes Dogs were included in this study if CaOx urolithiasis was confirmed via quantitative calculi analysis and ionized calcium (iCa), routine serum chemistry, CBC, and urinalysis were available for evaluation.
TextSentencer_T2035 280803-280881 Sentence denotes Dogs were divided into hypercalciuric andnonhypercalciuricstoneforming groups.
T5986 280803-280881 Sentence denotes Dogs were divided into hypercalciuric andnonhypercalciuricstoneforming groups.
TextSentencer_T2036 280882-280959 Sentence denotes Mann-Whitney test was used to compare groups. were renal-related deaths (RD).
T14407 280882-280959 Sentence denotes Mann-Whitney test was used to compare groups. were renal-related deaths (RD).
TextSentencer_T2037 280960-281121 Sentence denotes RD and AC dogs in IRIS stage 3 or 4 at biopsy had significantly shorter survival post -biopsy (SPB) than those in IRIS stage 1 or 2 (RD p < 0.001; AC p < 0.001).
T51593 280960-281121 Sentence denotes RD and AC dogs in IRIS stage 3 or 4 at biopsy had significantly shorter survival post -biopsy (SPB) than those in IRIS stage 1 or 2 (RD p < 0.001; AC p < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T2038 281122-281245 Sentence denotes RD and AC dogs with Alb < 2 g / dL had significantly shorter SPB than dogs with Alb > 2 g / dL (RD p = 0.01; AC p = 0.004).
T34169 281122-281245 Sentence denotes RD and AC dogs with Alb < 2 g / dL had significantly shorter SPB than dogs with Alb > 2 g / dL (RD p = 0.01; AC p = 0.004).
TextSentencer_T2039 281246-281383 Sentence denotes RD and AC dogs with ascites / edema at time of biopsy had significantly shorter SPB compared to dogs without (RD p = 0.001; AC p = 0.03).
T95476 281246-281383 Sentence denotes RD and AC dogs with ascites / edema at time of biopsy had significantly shorter SPB compared to dogs without (RD p = 0.001; AC p = 0.03).
TextSentencer_T2040 281384-281498 Sentence denotes AC dogs with history of HT had significantly shorter SPB compared with AC dogs without a history of HT (p = 0.03).
T19973 281384-281498 Sentence denotes AC dogs with history of HT had significantly shorter SPB compared with AC dogs without a history of HT (p = 0.03).
TextSentencer_T2041 281499-281614 Sentence denotes RD dogs with GS affecting ≥ 25 % of glomeruli had significantly shorter SPB than RD dogs with < 25 % GS (p = 0.03).
T81351 281499-281614 Sentence denotes RD dogs with GS affecting ≥ 25 % of glomeruli had significantly shorter SPB than RD dogs with < 25 % GS (p = 0.03).
TextSentencer_T2042 281615-281678 Sentence denotes UPC was not significantly associated with SPB in RD or AC dogs.
T32431 281615-281678 Sentence denotes UPC was not significantly associated with SPB in RD or AC dogs.
TextSentencer_T2043 281679-281775 Sentence denotes In this retrospective study, FSGS had a similar prevalence to what has been previously reported.
T57341 281679-281775 Sentence denotes In this retrospective study, FSGS had a similar prevalence to what has been previously reported.
TextSentencer_T2044 281776-281817 Sentence denotes Females continued to be over-represented.
T14164 281776-281817 Sentence denotes Females continued to be over-represented.
TextSentencer_T2045 281818-281926 Sentence denotes Severe hypoalbuminemia and IRIS stages 3 or 4 were associated with a poorer prognosis in all dogs with FSGS.
T20574 281818-281926 Sentence denotes Severe hypoalbuminemia and IRIS stages 3 or 4 were associated with a poorer prognosis in all dogs with FSGS.
TextSentencer_T2046 281927-282172 Sentence denotes Hypertension was associated with a shorter survival in dogs that died of any cause, whereas biopsy samples with at least 25 % global glomerulosclerosis were associated with a poorer prognosis in dogs that were known to have renal-related deaths.
T91800 281927-282172 Sentence denotes Hypertension was associated with a shorter survival in dogs that died of any cause, whereas biopsy samples with at least 25 % global glomerulosclerosis were associated with a poorer prognosis in dogs that were known to have renal-related deaths.
TextSentencer_T2047 282173-282451 Sentence denotes The purposes of this study were (1) to describe the population of dogs with biofilm-forming Escherichia coli (E. coli)UTIs, and (2) to determine whether there were clinical differences between dogs with biofilmforming E. coli UTIs and dogs with non-biofilm-forming E. coli UTIs.
T4520 282173-282451 Sentence denotes The purposes of this study were (1) to describe the population of dogs with biofilm-forming Escherichia coli (E. coli)UTIs, and (2) to determine whether there were clinical differences between dogs with biofilmforming E. coli UTIs and dogs with non-biofilm-forming E. coli UTIs.
TextSentencer_T2048 282452-282658 Sentence denotes We hypothesized there would be no difference in the two population characteristics of dogs whereas biofilm-formation would be more prevalent in dogs whose UTIs are chronic, complicated, and/or asymptomatic.
T16711 282452-282658 Sentence denotes We hypothesized there would be no difference in the two population characteristics of dogs whereas biofilm-formation would be more prevalent in dogs whose UTIs are chronic, complicated, and/or asymptomatic.
TextSentencer_T2049 282659-282868 Sentence denotes This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in which we evaluated 76 client-owned animals with E. coli UTIs, divided into two groups based on the in vitro biofilm-forming capability of the E. coli isolates.
T46262 282659-282868 Sentence denotes This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in which we evaluated 76 client-owned animals with E. coli UTIs, divided into two groups based on the in vitro biofilm-forming capability of the E. coli isolates.
TextSentencer_T2050 282869-282932 Sentence denotes Biofilm formation was established using a crystal violet assay.
T43969 282869-282932 Sentence denotes Biofilm formation was established using a crystal violet assay.
TextSentencer_T2051 282933-283206 Sentence denotes Medical records of the dogs were reviewed and their population characteristics (age, sex, breed, weight, body condition score) and infection characteristics (infection class, chronicity, exposure to antibiotics, pyuria, multi-drug resistance, clinical signs) were compared.
T372 282933-283206 Sentence denotes Medical records of the dogs were reviewed and their population characteristics (age, sex, breed, weight, body condition score) and infection characteristics (infection class, chronicity, exposure to antibiotics, pyuria, multi-drug resistance, clinical signs) were compared.
TextSentencer_T2052 283207-283278 Sentence denotes The majority (52.6%) of our isolates showed biofilm-forming capability.
T72140 283207-283278 Sentence denotes The majority (52.6%) of our isolates showed biofilm-forming capability.
TextSentencer_T2053 283279-283427 Sentence denotes Dogs with biofilm-forming E. coli UTIs had a lower likelihood of multi-drug resistance (p < 0.001) than those with non-biofilm-forming E. coli UTIs.
T58775 283279-283427 Sentence denotes Dogs with biofilm-forming E. coli UTIs had a lower likelihood of multi-drug resistance (p < 0.001) than those with non-biofilm-forming E. coli UTIs.
TextSentencer_T2054 283428-283572 Sentence denotes There were no other statistically significant differences between the population characteristics or infection characteristics of the two groups.
T8390 283428-283572 Sentence denotes There were no other statistically significant differences between the population characteristics or infection characteristics of the two groups.
TextSentencer_T2055 283573-283789 Sentence denotes We concluded that because there are no reliable clinical indices by which biofilm-formation can be ruled out, consideration should be given to the possibility of biofilm-formation whenever E. coli UTIs are diagnosed.
T81579 283573-283789 Sentence denotes We concluded that because there are no reliable clinical indices by which biofilm-formation can be ruled out, consideration should be given to the possibility of biofilm-formation whenever E. coli UTIs are diagnosed.
TextSentencer_T2056 283790-283917 Sentence denotes Additionally, the association of MDR and non-biofilmforming E. coli may antimicrobial tolerance conferred by biofilm formation.
T33163 283790-283917 Sentence denotes Additionally, the association of MDR and non-biofilmforming E. coli may antimicrobial tolerance conferred by biofilm formation.
TextSentencer_T2057 283918-284073 Sentence denotes The uremia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been shown to profoundly affect the composition of the gut microbiome in people and rat models.
T51530 283918-284073 Sentence denotes The uremia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been shown to profoundly affect the composition of the gut microbiome in people and rat models.
TextSentencer_T2058 284074-284258 Sentence denotes Toxic products generated by dysbiosis may contribute to morbidity and progression of CKD.Indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresol sulfate (pCS) are uremic toxins produced by colonic bacteria.
T75106 284074-284258 Sentence denotes Toxic products generated by dysbiosis may contribute to morbidity and progression of CKD.Indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresol sulfate (pCS) are uremic toxins produced by colonic bacteria.
TextSentencer_T2059 284259-284416 Sentence denotes The first study objective was to compare the fecal microbiome of healthy, older (> 8 years) cats (n = 11) and cats with stable CKD (IRIS stage 2-4) (n = 30).
T20282 284259-284416 Sentence denotes The first study objective was to compare the fecal microbiome of healthy, older (> 8 years) cats (n = 11) and cats with stable CKD (IRIS stage 2-4) (n = 30).
TextSentencer_T2060 284417-284535 Sentence denotes The second objective was to measure serum IS and pCS in healthy, older cats (n = 10) and compare to CKD cats (n = 28).
T64651 284417-284535 Sentence denotes The second objective was to measure serum IS and pCS in healthy, older cats (n = 10) and compare to CKD cats (n = 28).
TextSentencer_T2061 284536-284693 Sentence denotes In this cross-sectional study, all cats had a complete blood count, chemistry panel, total T4, urinalysis, blood pressure, and fecal flotation at enrollment.
T58562 284536-284693 Sentence denotes In this cross-sectional study, all cats had a complete blood count, chemistry panel, total T4, urinalysis, blood pressure, and fecal flotation at enrollment.
TextSentencer_T2062 284694-284843 Sentence denotes CKD cats had creatinine > 1.6 mg/dL and USG < 1.035 or an elevated creatinine at at least two time points in addition to an elevated SDMA > 14 ug/dL.
T69605 284694-284843 Sentence denotes CKD cats had creatinine > 1.6 mg/dL and USG < 1.035 or an elevated creatinine at at least two time points in addition to an elevated SDMA > 14 ug/dL.
TextSentencer_T2063 284844-284928 Sentence denotes Healthy cats were > 8 years of age and had a creatinine < 1.6 mg/dL and USG > 1.035.
T4471 284844-284928 Sentence denotes Healthy cats were > 8 years of age and had a creatinine < 1.6 mg/dL and USG > 1.035.
TextSentencer_T2064 284929-285136 Sentence denotes Exclusion criteria were a history of antibiotic, probiotic, or antacid administration < 6 weeks prior to enrollment or a history of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism and known or suspect gastrointestinal disease.
T77864 284929-285136 Sentence denotes Exclusion criteria were a history of antibiotic, probiotic, or antacid administration < 6 weeks prior to enrollment or a history of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism and known or suspect gastrointestinal disease.
TextSentencer_T2065 285137-285314 Sentence denotes A fresh fecal sample was The number of observed species and Chao 1 were significantly decreased in CKD cats when compared to healthy cats, p = 0.026 and p = 0.0284 respectively.
T47128 285137-285314 Sentence denotes A fresh fecal sample was The number of observed species and Chao 1 were significantly decreased in CKD cats when compared to healthy cats, p = 0.026 and p = 0.0284 respectively.
TextSentencer_T2066 285315-285439 Sentence denotes The Shannon diversity index was decreased in CKD cats compared to healthy cats, however it was not significant (p = 0.0617).
T56701 285315-285439 Sentence denotes The Shannon diversity index was decreased in CKD cats compared to healthy cats, however it was not significant (p = 0.0617).
TextSentencer_T2067 285440-285568 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference in overall clustering of microbial communities between CKD cats and healthy cats (p = 0.72).
T97516 285440-285568 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference in overall clustering of microbial communities between CKD cats and healthy cats (p = 0.72).
TextSentencer_T2068 285569-285747 Sentence denotes However, when individual bacterial groups were analyzed based on LDA effect size (LEfSe) several bacterial taxa were identified as being significantly different among the groups.
T1751 285569-285747 Sentence denotes However, when individual bacterial groups were analyzed based on LDA effect size (LEfSe) several bacterial taxa were identified as being significantly different among the groups.
TextSentencer_T2069 285748-285939 Sentence denotes When comparing healthy cats to CKD cats, CKD cats had significantly decreased bacterial populations belonging to the genera Holdemania, Adlercreutzia, Eubacterium, Slackia, and Mogibacterium.
T68900 285748-285939 Sentence denotes When comparing healthy cats to CKD cats, CKD cats had significantly decreased bacterial populations belonging to the genera Holdemania, Adlercreutzia, Eubacterium, Slackia, and Mogibacterium.
TextSentencer_T2070 285940-286100 Sentence denotes No significant differences in the functional potential of the microbiota were found between CKD cats and healthy cats after correcting for multiple comparisons.
T93450 285940-286100 Sentence denotes No significant differences in the functional potential of the microbiota were found between CKD cats and healthy cats after correcting for multiple comparisons.
TextSentencer_T2071 286101-286199 Sentence denotes IS levels were found to be significantly higher in CKD cats compared to healthy cats (p < 0.0001).
T84150 286101-286199 Sentence denotes IS levels were found to be significantly higher in CKD cats compared to healthy cats (p < 0.0001).
TextSentencer_T2072 286200-286324 Sentence denotes Healthy control cats had significantly lower IS levels compared to stage 2 (p = 0.01) and stage 3 & 4 (p = 0.0006) CKD cats.
T32083 286200-286324 Sentence denotes Healthy control cats had significantly lower IS levels compared to stage 2 (p = 0.01) and stage 3 & 4 (p = 0.0006) CKD cats.
TextSentencer_T2073 286325-286486 Sentence denotes No significant difference was found between Stage 2 and Stage 3 & 4 CKD cat groups. pCS levels were not significantly different between CKD and healthy controls.
T42149 286325-286486 Sentence denotes No significant difference was found between Stage 2 and Stage 3 & 4 CKD cat groups. pCS levels were not significantly different between CKD and healthy controls.
TextSentencer_T2074 286487-286574 Sentence denotes In conclusion, feline CKD is associated with decreased diversity of the gut microbiome.
T57970 286487-286574 Sentence denotes In conclusion, feline CKD is associated with decreased diversity of the gut microbiome.
TextSentencer_T2075 286575-286675 Sentence denotes IS is significantly elevated in feline CKD and merits exploration as a potential therapeutic target.
T96480 286575-286675 Sentence denotes IS is significantly elevated in feline CKD and merits exploration as a potential therapeutic target.
TextSentencer_T2076 286676-286787 Sentence denotes Additionally, IRIS stage 2 cats may suffer from a similar uremic toxin burden as cats with later stage disease.
T90031 286676-286787 Sentence denotes Additionally, IRIS stage 2 cats may suffer from a similar uremic toxin burden as cats with later stage disease.
TextSentencer_T2077 286788-286897 Sentence denotes Additional work is needed to further understand the interplay between the fecal microbiome and uremic toxins.
T59762 286788-286897 Sentence denotes Additional work is needed to further understand the interplay between the fecal microbiome and uremic toxins.
TextSentencer_T2078 286898-286999 Sentence denotes Twenty percent of cats (n = 12) were excluded due to a urinary tract infection (UTI) at presentation.
T18874 286898-286999 Sentence denotes Twenty percent of cats (n = 12) were excluded due to a urinary tract infection (UTI) at presentation.
TextSentencer_T2079 287000-287209 Sentence denotes The mean SDMA and creatinine were significantly higher in these cats (59.6 μg/dL and 11.7 mg/dL, respectively), compared with those without a UTI (27.6 μg/dL and 4.76 mg/dL, respectively) (p < 0.002, < 0.001).
T97248 287000-287209 Sentence denotes The mean SDMA and creatinine were significantly higher in these cats (59.6 μg/dL and 11.7 mg/dL, respectively), compared with those without a UTI (27.6 μg/dL and 4.76 mg/dL, respectively) (p < 0.002, < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T2080 287210-287253 Sentence denotes Twenty-six cats met the inclusion criteria.
T28989 287210-287253 Sentence denotes Twenty-six cats met the inclusion criteria.
TextSentencer_T2081 287254-287369 Sentence denotes There was a significant positive correlation between SDMA and creatinine at the time of UO (ρ = 0.732, p < 0.0001).
T17759 287254-287369 Sentence denotes There was a significant positive correlation between SDMA and creatinine at the time of UO (ρ = 0.732, p < 0.0001).
TextSentencer_T2082 287370-287493 Sentence denotes There was no association between initial SDMA and SDMA post-decompression at 24 hours (p = 0.817) or 5-20 days (p = 0.744).
T26402 287370-287493 Sentence denotes There was no association between initial SDMA and SDMA post-decompression at 24 hours (p = 0.817) or 5-20 days (p = 0.744).
TextSentencer_T2083 287494-287691 Sentence denotes Mean SDMA and creatinine at presentation (24.7 μg/dL and 4.4 mg/dL, respectively) were significantly higher compared with final values (13.7 μg/dL and 1.7 mg/dL, respectively) (p < 0.017, < 0.016).
T85641 287494-287691 Sentence denotes Mean SDMA and creatinine at presentation (24.7 μg/dL and 4.4 mg/dL, respectively) were significantly higher compared with final values (13.7 μg/dL and 1.7 mg/dL, respectively) (p < 0.017, < 0.016).
TextSentencer_T2084 287692-287837 Sentence denotes SDMA appears to be a useful marker of post-renal azotemia in cats with UO, and pre-decompression SDMA does not reflect underlying kidney disease.
T13227 287692-287837 Sentence denotes SDMA appears to be a useful marker of post-renal azotemia in cats with UO, and pre-decompression SDMA does not reflect underlying kidney disease.
TextSentencer_T2085 287838-288007 Sentence denotes UTIs may be more frequent in cats with UO than historically suggested, and screening should be considered, especially if SDMA and creatinine concentrations are elevated.
T14921 287838-288007 Sentence denotes UTIs may be more frequent in cats with UO than historically suggested, and screening should be considered, especially if SDMA and creatinine concentrations are elevated.
TextSentencer_T2086 288008-288066 Sentence denotes Seventeen cats were identified for inclusion in the study.
T55940 288008-288066 Sentence denotes Seventeen cats were identified for inclusion in the study.
TextSentencer_T2087 288067-288114 Sentence denotes The median age was 12 years (range 3-17 years).
T82006 288067-288114 Sentence denotes The median age was 12 years (range 3-17 years).
TextSentencer_T2088 288115-288188 Sentence denotes Spayed females (n = 14) were more prevalent than castrated males (n = 3).
T43264 288115-288188 Sentence denotes Spayed females (n = 14) were more prevalent than castrated males (n = 3).
TextSentencer_T2089 288189-288285 Sentence denotes Anorexia (7/17), lethargy (6/17) and vomiting (5/17) were the most common presenting complaints.
T8184 288189-288285 Sentence denotes Anorexia (7/17), lethargy (6/17) and vomiting (5/17) were the most common presenting complaints.
TextSentencer_T2090 288286-288402 Sentence denotes Common physical exam abnormalities included muscle wasting (8/17), hypothermia (6/17) , and cardiac murmurs (6/17) .
T2526 288286-288402 Sentence denotes Common physical exam abnormalities included muscle wasting (8/17), hypothermia (6/17) , and cardiac murmurs (6/17) .
TextSentencer_T2091 288403-288541 Sentence denotes Clinical signs classically associated with pyelonephritis, such as renal pain and pyrexia were present in only 3 and 2 cats, respectively.
T98534 288403-288541 Sentence denotes Clinical signs classically associated with pyelonephritis, such as renal pain and pyrexia were present in only 3 and 2 cats, respectively.
TextSentencer_T2092 288542-288634 Sentence denotes Serum chemistries and complete blood counts were available for 11 and 10 cats, respectively.
T57146 288542-288634 Sentence denotes Serum chemistries and complete blood counts were available for 11 and 10 cats, respectively.
TextSentencer_T2093 288635-288776 Sentence denotes Common clinical pathologic abnormalities included azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and non-regenerative anemia in 11, 8 and 7 cats, respectively.
T25700 288635-288776 Sentence denotes Common clinical pathologic abnormalities included azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and non-regenerative anemia in 11, 8 and 7 cats, respectively.
TextSentencer_T2094 288777-288881 Sentence denotes Of the 5 cats for which urinalysis data was available, all had bacteriuria and 4 had isosthenuric urine.
T48029 288777-288881 Sentence denotes Of the 5 cats for which urinalysis data was available, all had bacteriuria and 4 had isosthenuric urine.
TextSentencer_T2095 288882-288977 Sentence denotes Of the cats that had a urinalysis performed, four also had urine samples submitted for culture.
T66640 288882-288977 Sentence denotes Of the cats that had a urinalysis performed, four also had urine samples submitted for culture.
TextSentencer_T2096 288978-289081 Sentence denotes Subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB)™ device placement is an alternative to traditional ureteral surgery.
T34183 288978-289081 Sentence denotes Subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB)™ device placement is an alternative to traditional ureteral surgery.
TextSentencer_T2097 289082-289178 Sentence denotes However, outcomes have not been described for treatment of benign ureteral obstructions in dogs.
T48762 289082-289178 Sentence denotes However, outcomes have not been described for treatment of benign ureteral obstructions in dogs.
TextSentencer_T2098 289179-289364 Sentence denotes The purpose was to evaluate pre-operative, peri-operative (< 7 days), short (7-30 days) and long-term (> 30 days) parameters in dogs treated with SUBs™ for benign ureteral obstructions.
T49899 289179-289364 Sentence denotes The purpose was to evaluate pre-operative, peri-operative (< 7 days), short (7-30 days) and long-term (> 30 days) parameters in dogs treated with SUBs™ for benign ureteral obstructions.
TextSentencer_T2099 289365-289472 Sentence denotes The hypothesis was SUBs™ were associated with favorable technical outcomes when compared with alternatives.
T69044 289365-289472 Sentence denotes The hypothesis was SUBs™ were associated with favorable technical outcomes when compared with alternatives.
TextSentencer_T2100 289473-289534 Sentence denotes SUBs™ were placed using fluoroscopic-and surgical-assistance.
T87996 289473-289534 Sentence denotes SUBs™ were placed using fluoroscopic-and surgical-assistance.
TextSentencer_T2101 289535-289607 Sentence denotes Medical records were reviewed for pre-, intra-, and post-operative data.
T55876 289535-289607 Sentence denotes Medical records were reviewed for pre-, intra-, and post-operative data.
TextSentencer_T2102 289608-289661 Sentence denotes Twelve SUBs™ were placed in nine dogs (3 bilateral) .
T63257 289608-289661 Sentence denotes Twelve SUBs™ were placed in nine dogs (3 bilateral) .
TextSentencer_T2103 289662-289784 Sentence denotes Causes of obstruction included: ureterolithiasis (9/12;75%), extraluminal compression (2/12;17%), and stricture (1/12;8%).
T10405 289662-289784 Sentence denotes Causes of obstruction included: ureterolithiasis (9/12;75%), extraluminal compression (2/12;17%), and stricture (1/12;8%).
TextSentencer_T2104 289785-289941 Sentence denotes Eleven of 12 ureters had a stent placed prior and needed a SUB™ for: recurrent stricture (4/11;36%) , ureteritis (4/11;36%), or stent migration (3/11;27%) .
T51880 289785-289941 Sentence denotes Eleven of 12 ureters had a stent placed prior and needed a SUB™ for: recurrent stricture (4/11;36%) , ureteritis (4/11;36%), or stent migration (3/11;27%) .
TextSentencer_T2105 289942-289982 Sentence denotes Placement was successful in all ureters.
T96321 289942-289982 Sentence denotes Placement was successful in all ureters.
TextSentencer_T2106 289983-290089 Sentence denotes The median creatinine pre-operative and 3 months post-operative was 2.1 mg/dL and 1.2 mg/dL, respectively.
T96423 289983-290089 Sentence denotes The median creatinine pre-operative and 3 months post-operative was 2.1 mg/dL and 1.2 mg/dL, respectively.
TextSentencer_T2107 290090-290179 Sentence denotes Seven dogs (7/9;78%) had a history of urinary tract infection(s) prior to SUB™ placement.
T78949 290090-290179 Sentence denotes Seven dogs (7/9;78%) had a history of urinary tract infection(s) prior to SUB™ placement.
TextSentencer_T2108 290180-290264 Sentence denotes Long-term complications included infection (5/9;55%) and mineralization (6/12;50%) .
T82583 290180-290264 Sentence denotes Long-term complications included infection (5/9;55%) and mineralization (6/12;50%) .
TextSentencer_T2109 290265-290329 Sentence denotes Dogs that mineralized their device had a history of urolithasis.
T9748 290265-290329 Sentence denotes Dogs that mineralized their device had a history of urolithasis.
TextSentencer_T2110 290330-290410 Sentence denotes Historical pre-operative infections commonly had postoperative infections (5/7).
T47485 290330-290410 Sentence denotes Historical pre-operative infections commonly had postoperative infections (5/7).
TextSentencer_T2111 290411-290468 Sentence denotes There were no peri-operative or procedure-related deaths.
T65999 290411-290468 Sentence denotes There were no peri-operative or procedure-related deaths.
TextSentencer_T2112 290469-290517 Sentence denotes No dog had worsening azotemia in the short-term.
T90788 290469-290517 Sentence denotes No dog had worsening azotemia in the short-term.
TextSentencer_T2113 290518-290580 Sentence denotes The median survival time was > 774 days, with 5/9 still alive.
T5394 290518-290580 Sentence denotes The median survival time was > 774 days, with 5/9 still alive.
TextSentencer_T2114 290581-290723 Sentence denotes Use of the SUB™ device in dogs is a safe and effective treatment option for benign ureteral obstructions and associated with a good prognosis.
T52784 290581-290723 Sentence denotes Use of the SUB™ device in dogs is a safe and effective treatment option for benign ureteral obstructions and associated with a good prognosis.
TextSentencer_T2115 290724-290809 Sentence denotes The high rate of mineralization and infections should be considered in the long-term.
T26032 290724-290809 Sentence denotes The high rate of mineralization and infections should be considered in the long-term.
TextSentencer_T2116 290810-290963 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to identify patient and stone characteristics of juvenile dogs with CaOx urolithiasis compared to mature urolith-formers.
T7295 290810-290963 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to identify patient and stone characteristics of juvenile dogs with CaOx urolithiasis compared to mature urolith-formers.
TextSentencer_T2117 290964-291153 Sentence denotes Information on 232 juvenile (≤ 1 year) and 39,093 mature (7-9 years) dogs with CaOx (≥ 70%) urolithiasis was obtained from submissions to the Minnesota Urolith Center between 2012 and 2016.
T44955 290964-291153 Sentence denotes Information on 232 juvenile (≤ 1 year) and 39,093 mature (7-9 years) dogs with CaOx (≥ 70%) urolithiasis was obtained from submissions to the Minnesota Urolith Center between 2012 and 2016.
TextSentencer_T2118 291154-291436 Sentence denotes Fisher';s exact tests were used to identify breeds overrepresented in the juvenile group, and chi-squared tests were performed to determine whether the sex, stone location (upper vs lower urinary tract) and salt type (monohydrate vs dihydrate) differed compared to the mature group.
T87730 291154-291436 Sentence denotes Fisher';s exact tests were used to identify breeds overrepresented in the juvenile group, and chi-squared tests were performed to determine whether the sex, stone location (upper vs lower urinary tract) and salt type (monohydrate vs dihydrate) differed compared to the mature group.
TextSentencer_T2119 291437-291553 Sentence denotes English (OR = 8.6, P = 0.0070) and French (OR = 7.5, P = 0.012) Bulldogs were overrepresented in the juvenile group.
T80884 291437-291553 Sentence denotes English (OR = 8.6, P = 0.0070) and French (OR = 7.5, P = 0.012) Bulldogs were overrepresented in the juvenile group.
TextSentencer_T2120 291554-291704 Sentence denotes While no difference in sex was observed between the juvenile and mature groups, all juvenile and > 90% of adult English and French Bulldogs were male.
T98282 291554-291704 Sentence denotes While no difference in sex was observed between the juvenile and mature groups, all juvenile and > 90% of adult English and French Bulldogs were male.
TextSentencer_T2121 291705-291845 Sentence denotes Stone location did not differ between juvenile and mature dogs, however < 2% of the stones in both groups were from the upper urinary tract.
T21130 291705-291845 Sentence denotes Stone location did not differ between juvenile and mature dogs, however < 2% of the stones in both groups were from the upper urinary tract.
TextSentencer_T2122 291846-292030 Sentence denotes Juvenile dogs were more likely to form dihydrate stones compared to mature dogs (OR = 1.7, P < 0.001), although monohydrate were predominant in both groups (79% and 87%, respectively).
T73067 291846-292030 Sentence denotes Juvenile dogs were more likely to form dihydrate stones compared to mature dogs (OR = 1.7, P < 0.001), although monohydrate were predominant in both groups (79% and 87%, respectively).
TextSentencer_T2123 292031-292303 Sentence denotes The objective of this prospective study was to investigate the usefulness of a minimally invasive transcutaneous GFR (tGFR) monitor (NIC-Kidney) to assess renal function in cats with naturally occurring hyperthyroidism pre (t0) and 2 weeks post radioiodine treatment (t2).
T407 292031-292303 Sentence denotes The objective of this prospective study was to investigate the usefulness of a minimally invasive transcutaneous GFR (tGFR) monitor (NIC-Kidney) to assess renal function in cats with naturally occurring hyperthyroidism pre (t0) and 2 weeks post radioiodine treatment (t2).
TextSentencer_T2124 292304-292374 Sentence denotes Eight hyperthyroid cats were included of which 5 were euthyroid at t2.
T60673 292304-292374 Sentence denotes Eight hyperthyroid cats were included of which 5 were euthyroid at t2.
TextSentencer_T2125 292375-292463 Sentence denotes Three cats remained hyperthyroid, but had significantly reduced serum T4 concentrations.
T41862 292375-292463 Sentence denotes Three cats remained hyperthyroid, but had significantly reduced serum T4 concentrations.
TextSentencer_T2126 292464-292553 Sentence denotes Plasma GFR (pGFR) and plasma half-life (pHL) were assessed by plasma sinistrin clearance.
T73742 292464-292553 Sentence denotes Plasma GFR (pGFR) and plasma half-life (pHL) were assessed by plasma sinistrin clearance.
TextSentencer_T2127 292554-292680 Sentence denotes Transcutaneous half-life (tHL) was measured in parallel using a fluorescent marker (FITC-sinistrin) and the NIC-kidney device.
T73501 292554-292680 Sentence denotes Transcutaneous half-life (tHL) was measured in parallel using a fluorescent marker (FITC-sinistrin) and the NIC-kidney device.
TextSentencer_T2128 292681-292779 Sentence denotes Plasma data was used to calculate a species-specific conversion factor to determine tGFR from tHL.
T20654 292681-292779 Sentence denotes Plasma data was used to calculate a species-specific conversion factor to determine tGFR from tHL.
TextSentencer_T2129 292780-292880 Sentence denotes Overall pGFR and tGFR were significantly correlated (Spearman'; s correlation r = 0.73, P = 0.0019).
T25766 292780-292880 Sentence denotes Overall pGFR and tGFR were significantly correlated (Spearman'; s correlation r = 0.73, P = 0.0019).
TextSentencer_T2130 292881-292938 Sentence denotes In 7/8 cats pGFR decreased by 26% (mean); 13-59% (range).
T19714 292881-292938 Sentence denotes In 7/8 cats pGFR decreased by 26% (mean); 13-59% (range).
TextSentencer_T2131 292939-292970 Sentence denotes It remained unchanged in 1 cat.
T47411 292939-292970 Sentence denotes It remained unchanged in 1 cat.
TextSentencer_T2132 292971-293057 Sentence denotes Using tGFR, a decrease of GFR was identified in 6/8 cats with a decrease (25%; 5-40%).
T61687 292971-293057 Sentence denotes Using tGFR, a decrease of GFR was identified in 6/8 cats with a decrease (25%; 5-40%).
TextSentencer_T2133 293058-293129 Sentence denotes The remaining 2 cats showed a mild increase (9% and 32%, respectively).
T87206 293058-293129 Sentence denotes The remaining 2 cats showed a mild increase (9% and 32%, respectively).
TextSentencer_T2134 293130-293296 Sentence denotes Although results are not directly comparable, transcutaneous GFR assessments is a promising minimally invasive technique to allow for GFR estimation in small animals.
T41742 293130-293296 Sentence denotes Although results are not directly comparable, transcutaneous GFR assessments is a promising minimally invasive technique to allow for GFR estimation in small animals.
TextSentencer_T2135 293297-293392 Sentence denotes Further research in a larger cohort is necessary to evaluate the full potential of this method.
T43806 293297-293392 Sentence denotes Further research in a larger cohort is necessary to evaluate the full potential of this method.
TextSentencer_T2136 293393-293714 Sentence denotes Owner Survey of Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid Side Effects in Cats with and without Azotemic CKD Cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an anecdotal increased frequency of side effects with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid such as decreased appetite, vomiting and diarrhea in comparison to cats with normal kidney function.
T56212 293393-293714 Sentence denotes Owner Survey of Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid Side Effects in Cats with and without Azotemic CKD Cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an anecdotal increased frequency of side effects with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid such as decreased appetite, vomiting and diarrhea in comparison to cats with normal kidney function.
TextSentencer_T2137 293715-293918 Sentence denotes In human patients with decreased kidney function, it has been shown that potentiated penicillins, like amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, have impaired clearance (by as much as 90% in severe renal impairment).
T40123 293715-293918 Sentence denotes In human patients with decreased kidney function, it has been shown that potentiated penicillins, like amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, have impaired clearance (by as much as 90% in severe renal impairment).
TextSentencer_T2138 293919-294106 Sentence denotes This impaired clearance results in higher serum concentrations in comparison to patients with normal kidney function and reduction of dosing interval is recommended to avoid side effects.
T33974 293919-294106 Sentence denotes This impaired clearance results in higher serum concentrations in comparison to patients with normal kidney function and reduction of dosing interval is recommended to avoid side effects.
TextSentencer_T2139 294107-294312 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of side effects in cats with and without azotemia, with the hypothesis that cats with azotemic CKD will have an increased frequency of side effects.
T20162 294107-294312 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of side effects in cats with and without azotemia, with the hypothesis that cats with azotemic CKD will have an increased frequency of side effects.
TextSentencer_T2140 294313-294619 Sentence denotes Owners of cats prescribed amoxicillin-clavulanic acid at Colorado State University or The Ohio State University were sent a survey regarding the occurrence of side effects (yes / no), specific type of side effect (vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, none) and whether treatment was altered as a result.
T9057 294313-294619 Sentence denotes Owners of cats prescribed amoxicillin-clavulanic acid at Colorado State University or The Ohio State University were sent a survey regarding the occurrence of side effects (yes / no), specific type of side effect (vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, none) and whether treatment was altered as a result.
TextSentencer_T2141 294620-294737 Sentence denotes Signalment and clinicopathologic data were obtained from the medical record for cats for which surveys were returned.
T57770 294620-294737 Sentence denotes Signalment and clinicopathologic data were obtained from the medical record for cats for which surveys were returned.
TextSentencer_T2142 294738-294854 Sentence denotes Cats included in the azotemic CKD group had a creatinine > 2.0 mg/dL, USG < 1.035 and a clinical designation of CKD.
T22810 294738-294854 Sentence denotes Cats included in the azotemic CKD group had a creatinine > 2.0 mg/dL, USG < 1.035 and a clinical designation of CKD.
TextSentencer_T2143 294855-294943 Sentence denotes Cats included in the without azotemic CKD group were those had a creatinine < 2.0 mg/dL.
T36629 294855-294943 Sentence denotes Cats included in the without azotemic CKD group were those had a creatinine < 2.0 mg/dL.
TextSentencer_T2144 294944-295139 Sentence denotes A cut off between groups of creatinine 2.0 mg/dL was chosen to define cohorts as impaired clearance of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is more common in humans with a greater degree renal impairment.
T59010 294944-295139 Sentence denotes A cut off between groups of creatinine 2.0 mg/dL was chosen to define cohorts as impaired clearance of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is more common in humans with a greater degree renal impairment.
TextSentencer_T2145 295140-295301 Sentence denotes Chi square was utilized to assess distribution of presence of side effects (yes / no) between groups, prevalence of specific side effects and changes in therapy.
T83593 295140-295301 Sentence denotes Chi square was utilized to assess distribution of presence of side effects (yes / no) between groups, prevalence of specific side effects and changes in therapy.
TextSentencer_T2146 295302-295403 Sentence denotes 73 surveys were returned with 12 being excluded for incomplete data or no serum creatinine available.
T82534 295302-295403 Sentence denotes 73 surveys were returned with 12 being excluded for incomplete data or no serum creatinine available.
TextSentencer_T2147 295404-295587 Sentence denotes 11 cats were categorized as azotemic CKD and consisted of 4 males and 7 females, with a median age of 14 years (range 4-20 years) and a median creatinine of 2.4 (range 2.0-6.0 mg/dL).
T98143 295404-295587 Sentence denotes 11 cats were categorized as azotemic CKD and consisted of 4 males and 7 females, with a median age of 14 years (range 4-20 years) and a median creatinine of 2.4 (range 2.0-6.0 mg/dL).
TextSentencer_T2148 295588-295784 Sentence denotes 50 cats were categorized as not having azotemic CKD and consisted of 17 males and 33 females, with a median age of 11 years (range 1-18 years) and a median creatinine of 1.4 (range 0.7-1.9 mg/dL).
T38680 295588-295784 Sentence denotes 50 cats were categorized as not having azotemic CKD and consisted of 17 males and 33 females, with a median age of 11 years (range 1-18 years) and a median creatinine of 1.4 (range 0.7-1.9 mg/dL).
TextSentencer_T2149 295785-295855 Sentence denotes Owners reported 6 / 11 cats (55 %) with azotemic CKD had side effects.
T72372 295785-295855 Sentence denotes Owners reported 6 / 11 cats (55 %) with azotemic CKD had side effects.
TextSentencer_T2150 295856-296044 Sentence denotes Specific side effects included diarrhea 5 / 11 cats (45 %), vomiting 2 / 11 cats (18 %), and decreased appetite 3 / 11 cats (27%), with 5 / 11 cats (45 %) having more than one side effect.
T74939 295856-296044 Sentence denotes Specific side effects included diarrhea 5 / 11 cats (45 %), vomiting 2 / 11 cats (18 %), and decreased appetite 3 / 11 cats (27%), with 5 / 11 cats (45 %) having more than one side effect.
TextSentencer_T2151 296045-296124 Sentence denotes Owners reported 20 / 50 cats (40 %) cats without azotemic CKD had side effects.
T79731 296045-296124 Sentence denotes Owners reported 20 / 50 cats (40 %) cats without azotemic CKD had side effects.
TextSentencer_T2152 296125-296330 Sentence denotes Specific side effects for these cats included diarrhea 11 / 50 cats (22 %), vomiting 10 / 50 cats (20 %), and decrease appetite 7 / 50 cats (14 %), with 6 / 50 cats (12 %) having more than one side effect.
T63399 296125-296330 Sentence denotes Specific side effects for these cats included diarrhea 11 / 50 cats (22 %), vomiting 10 / 50 cats (20 %), and decrease appetite 7 / 50 cats (14 %), with 6 / 50 cats (12 %) having more than one side effect.
TextSentencer_T2153 296331-296560 Sentence denotes The difference in distribution of side effects (yes / no) or distribution of specific type of side effects was not statistically significant, however significantly more azotemic CKD cats had more than one side effect (p = 0.009).
T62168 296331-296560 Sentence denotes The difference in distribution of side effects (yes / no) or distribution of specific type of side effects was not statistically significant, however significantly more azotemic CKD cats had more than one side effect (p = 0.009).
TextSentencer_T2154 296561-296913 Sentence denotes Additionally, significantly more owners of azotemic CKD cats reported that an alteration in treatment plan was necessitated by side effects with 55 % indicating the antibiotic was stopped, changed or supportive care was added due to side effects, while only 14 % of owners of cats without azotemic CKD reported alteration in treatment plan (p = 0.003).
T67341 296561-296913 Sentence denotes Additionally, significantly more owners of azotemic CKD cats reported that an alteration in treatment plan was necessitated by side effects with 55 % indicating the antibiotic was stopped, changed or supportive care was added due to side effects, while only 14 % of owners of cats without azotemic CKD reported alteration in treatment plan (p = 0.003).
TextSentencer_T2155 296914-297158 Sentence denotes Side effects such as diarrhea, vomiting and decreased appetite were common with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid administration in both cohorts, but may be of increased incidence in cats with azotemic CKD and result in alterations of treatment plan.
T80454 296914-297158 Sentence denotes Side effects such as diarrhea, vomiting and decreased appetite were common with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid administration in both cohorts, but may be of increased incidence in cats with azotemic CKD and result in alterations of treatment plan.
TextSentencer_T2156 297159-297331 Sentence denotes Investigations are currently underway to determine if these findings are associated with a higher drug serum concentration. (1), urethral stricture (1), and urethritis (1).
T6420 297159-297331 Sentence denotes Investigations are currently underway to determine if these findings are associated with a higher drug serum concentration. (1), urethral stricture (1), and urethritis (1).
TextSentencer_T2157 297332-297470 Sentence denotes In conclusion, feline urinary incontinence is a rare condition most commonly associated with acquired or congenital spinal cord disorders.
T90195 297332-297470 Sentence denotes In conclusion, feline urinary incontinence is a rare condition most commonly associated with acquired or congenital spinal cord disorders.
TextSentencer_T2158 297471-297604 Sentence denotes Urinary incontinence in cats is generally associated with a poor prognosis, with many having persistent incontinence despite therapy.
T16465 297471-297604 Sentence denotes Urinary incontinence in cats is generally associated with a poor prognosis, with many having persistent incontinence despite therapy.
TextSentencer_T2159 297605-297866 Sentence denotes All canine patients that underwent TPE for NSAID overdose at the Tufts Foster Hospital for Small Animals between January 2015 and May 2017 were included in the study, and data regarding their presentation, hospitalization, treatments, and outcome was collected.
T81569 297605-297866 Sentence denotes All canine patients that underwent TPE for NSAID overdose at the Tufts Foster Hospital for Small Animals between January 2015 and May 2017 were included in the study, and data regarding their presentation, hospitalization, treatments, and outcome was collected.
TextSentencer_T2160 297867-297908 Sentence denotes Eleven cases were included in this study.
T53993 297867-297908 Sentence denotes Eleven cases were included in this study.
TextSentencer_T2161 297909-297999 Sentence denotes Of these, the NSAID ingested was ibuprofen in six, naproxen in four, and deracoxib in one.
T63038 297909-297999 Sentence denotes Of these, the NSAID ingested was ibuprofen in six, naproxen in four, and deracoxib in one.
TextSentencer_T2162 298000-298117 Sentence denotes Six patients had complications associated with the TPE treatment, with the most common complication being hemorrhage.
T25796 298000-298117 Sentence denotes Six patients had complications associated with the TPE treatment, with the most common complication being hemorrhage.
TextSentencer_T2163 298118-298268 Sentence denotes All cases survived to discharge with three developing acute kidney injury during hospitalization, one of which went on to have chronic kidney disease.
T85412 298118-298268 Sentence denotes All cases survived to discharge with three developing acute kidney injury during hospitalization, one of which went on to have chronic kidney disease.
TextSentencer_T2164 298269-298330 Sentence denotes The final outcome was correlated with dose of NSAID ingested.
T51780 298269-298330 Sentence denotes The final outcome was correlated with dose of NSAID ingested.
TextSentencer_T2165 298331-298497 Sentence denotes This study identifies plasma exchange as an effective treatment for NSAID overdose in that none of the patients had lethal outcomes despite high NSAID dose ingestion.
T11736 298331-298497 Sentence denotes This study identifies plasma exchange as an effective treatment for NSAID overdose in that none of the patients had lethal outcomes despite high NSAID dose ingestion.
TextSentencer_T2166 298498-298602 Sentence denotes No presenting factor determined the likelihood of acute kidney injury apart from the initial NSAID dose.
T4368 298498-298602 Sentence denotes No presenting factor determined the likelihood of acute kidney injury apart from the initial NSAID dose.
TextSentencer_T2167 298603-298701 Sentence denotes Complications were common, but were managed with supportive care and did not affect final outcome.
T34196 298603-298701 Sentence denotes Complications were common, but were managed with supportive care and did not affect final outcome.
TextSentencer_T2168 298702-298770 Sentence denotes TPE should be considered in patients presenting for NSAID ingestion.
T3522 298702-298770 Sentence denotes TPE should be considered in patients presenting for NSAID ingestion.
TextSentencer_T2169 298771-298871 Sentence denotes pmol/L of blood ionized calcium, and normal (PTH= 1.5 pmol/L) in the cat with 1.53 mmol/L (stage 3).
T65427 298771-298871 Sentence denotes pmol/L of blood ionized calcium, and normal (PTH= 1.5 pmol/L) in the cat with 1.53 mmol/L (stage 3).
TextSentencer_T2170 298872-298893 Sentence denotes Hyperphosphatemia (5.
T21428 298872-298893 Sentence denotes Hyperphosphatemia (5.
TextSentencer_T2171 298894-299103 Sentence denotes Seven healthy, male cats, aged between 8 months and 5 years, were evaluated using a randomized placebo cross-over study in a pairwise fashion, each cat receiving treatment every 12 hours for a two-week period.
T61463 298894-299103 Sentence denotes Seven healthy, male cats, aged between 8 months and 5 years, were evaluated using a randomized placebo cross-over study in a pairwise fashion, each cat receiving treatment every 12 hours for a two-week period.
TextSentencer_T2172 299104-299197 Sentence denotes An approximate 24-hour voided urine sample was collected at the end of each treatment period.
T84749 299104-299197 Sentence denotes An approximate 24-hour voided urine sample was collected at the end of each treatment period.
TextSentencer_T2173 299198-299332 Sentence denotes Samples were analyzed for pH, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, citrate, oxalate, ammonia, and creatinine.
T62378 299198-299332 Sentence denotes Samples were analyzed for pH, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, citrate, oxalate, ammonia, and creatinine.
TextSentencer_T2174 299333-299493 Sentence denotes Relative supersaturation for calcium oxalate and struvite was estimated using an iterative computer program (EQUIL 93b, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL).
T61685 299333-299493 Sentence denotes Relative supersaturation for calcium oxalate and struvite was estimated using an iterative computer program (EQUIL 93b, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL).
TextSentencer_T2175 299494-299556 Sentence denotes Data were assessed for normal distribution using Shapiro-Wilk.
T40402 299494-299556 Sentence denotes Data were assessed for normal distribution using Shapiro-Wilk.
TextSentencer_T2176 299557-299677 Sentence denotes Paired ttest (normal distribution) or Wilcoxon signed rank (non-normal distribution) were used for statistical analysis.
T98310 299557-299677 Sentence denotes Paired ttest (normal distribution) or Wilcoxon signed rank (non-normal distribution) were used for statistical analysis.
TextSentencer_T2177 299678-299817 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed using 2-tailed statistical testing except for relative supersaturation and urine volume where 1-tailed testing was used.
T1659 299678-299817 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed using 2-tailed statistical testing except for relative supersaturation and urine volume where 1-tailed testing was used.
TextSentencer_T2178 299818-299862 Sentence denotes A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.
T52554 299818-299862 Sentence denotes A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.
TextSentencer_T2179 299863-299936 Sentence denotes Data from 6 cats were used due to incomplete urine collection from 1 cat.
T22953 299863-299936 Sentence denotes Data from 6 cats were used due to incomplete urine collection from 1 cat.
TextSentencer_T2180 299937-300315 Sentence denotes Urine saturation for struvite was significantly lower when cats received supplement compared with placebo (supplement = 0.364 ± 0.193, placebo = 1.565 ± 1.284; p = 0.04) and 24-hour urinary excretion of phosphorous was lower when cats received supplement compared with placeb0.o (supplement = 44.89, range = 24.4 -61.3 mg/kg/24h; placebo = 50.75, 41.4 -63.5 mg/kg24h; p = 0.04).
T45068 299937-300315 Sentence denotes Urine saturation for struvite was significantly lower when cats received supplement compared with placebo (supplement = 0.364 ± 0.193, placebo = 1.565 ± 1.284; p = 0.04) and 24-hour urinary excretion of phosphorous was lower when cats received supplement compared with placeb0.o (supplement = 44.89, range = 24.4 -61.3 mg/kg/24h; placebo = 50.75, 41.4 -63.5 mg/kg24h; p = 0.04).
TextSentencer_T2181 300316-300390 Sentence denotes There were no differences in other analytes, body weight, or urine volume.
T85653 300316-300390 Sentence denotes There were no differences in other analytes, body weight, or urine volume.
TextSentencer_T2182 300391-300435 Sentence denotes There are several limitations of this study.
T62640 300391-300435 Sentence denotes There are several limitations of this study.
TextSentencer_T2183 300436-300533 Sentence denotes The study was of short duration and included a small number of healthy, non-urolith forming cats.
T81390 300436-300533 Sentence denotes The study was of short duration and included a small number of healthy, non-urolith forming cats.
TextSentencer_T2184 300534-300621 Sentence denotes There may not have been complete urine collection despite use of modified litter boxes.
T19473 300534-300621 Sentence denotes There may not have been complete urine collection despite use of modified litter boxes.
TextSentencer_T2185 300622-300873 Sentence denotes There was a significant decrease in struvite supersaturation even with these limitations suggesting determination of relative supersaturation is a better determinant of risk of urolith formation than electrolyte & mineral concentrations or excretions.
T7677 300622-300873 Sentence denotes There was a significant decrease in struvite supersaturation even with these limitations suggesting determination of relative supersaturation is a better determinant of risk of urolith formation than electrolyte & mineral concentrations or excretions.
TextSentencer_T2186 300874-300971 Sentence denotes The herbal supplement may be beneficial for managing struvite-associated urinary disease in cats.
T36087 300874-300971 Sentence denotes The herbal supplement may be beneficial for managing struvite-associated urinary disease in cats.
TextSentencer_T2187 300972-301102 Sentence denotes Although a steady state can last for long, it can be a lethal situation when a new obstruction of the hypertrophied kidney occurs.
T91130 300972-301102 Sentence denotes Although a steady state can last for long, it can be a lethal situation when a new obstruction of the hypertrophied kidney occurs.
TextSentencer_T2188 301103-301186 Sentence denotes In ureteral obstruction of feline, medical and surgical treatments can be optional.
T58317 301103-301186 Sentence denotes In ureteral obstruction of feline, medical and surgical treatments can be optional.
TextSentencer_T2189 301187-301406 Sentence denotes Research indicated one-month survival rates were 70% in surgical treatment group with ureterotomyureterotomy, ureteroneocystostomy or ureteral resection and anastomosis, and 58 % in medical treatment group individually.
T73670 301187-301406 Sentence denotes Research indicated one-month survival rates were 70% in surgical treatment group with ureterotomyureterotomy, ureteroneocystostomy or ureteral resection and anastomosis, and 58 % in medical treatment group individually.
TextSentencer_T2190 301407-301618 Sentence denotes One study revealed that with stents and subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) for the treatment in cats with ureteral obstruction can increase the survival rate but no parameter was associated with disease outcome.
T3384 301407-301618 Sentence denotes One study revealed that with stents and subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) for the treatment in cats with ureteral obstruction can increase the survival rate but no parameter was associated with disease outcome.
TextSentencer_T2191 301619-301721 Sentence denotes However, prognostic factors in cats with obstructive and non-obstructive BKLK syndrome remain unclear.
T62946 301619-301721 Sentence denotes However, prognostic factors in cats with obstructive and non-obstructive BKLK syndrome remain unclear.
TextSentencer_T2192 301722-301915 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to characterize cats with BKLK syndrome and to determine the prognostic/progression factors for cats with BKLK syndrome in obstructive and non-obstructive ureter state.
T75711 301722-301915 Sentence denotes The aim of this study is to characterize cats with BKLK syndrome and to determine the prognostic/progression factors for cats with BKLK syndrome in obstructive and non-obstructive ureter state.
TextSentencer_T2193 301916-302051 Sentence denotes First sixteen healthy cats without any abnormality in physical, blood, radiography examinations were collected to define BKLK syndrome.
T81509 301916-302051 Sentence denotes First sixteen healthy cats without any abnormality in physical, blood, radiography examinations were collected to define BKLK syndrome.
TextSentencer_T2194 302052-302192 Sentence denotes The divergence between kidneys on abdominal ventrodorsal radiograph in these cats ranged from 0.01 to 0.69 cm with a mean of 0.23 ± 0.20 cm.
T32148 302052-302192 Sentence denotes The divergence between kidneys on abdominal ventrodorsal radiograph in these cats ranged from 0.01 to 0.69 cm with a mean of 0.23 ± 0.20 cm.
TextSentencer_T2195 302193-302273 Sentence denotes We defined the mean plus two standard deviations (0.63 cm) as the cut-off value.
T30426 302193-302273 Sentence denotes We defined the mean plus two standard deviations (0.63 cm) as the cut-off value.
TextSentencer_T2196 302274-302462 Sentence denotes However, considering the observational error during the measurement, exceeding 0.8cm and with the history of CKD more than 2 months was set as the criteria for BKLK syndrome in this study.
T4518 302274-302462 Sentence denotes However, considering the observational error during the measurement, exceeding 0.8cm and with the history of CKD more than 2 months was set as the criteria for BKLK syndrome in this study.
TextSentencer_T2197 302463-302611 Sentence denotes Forty-four cats with BKLK syndrome was further divided into obstruction group (29) and non-obstruction group (15) based on their ultrasound finding.
T50073 302463-302611 Sentence denotes Forty-four cats with BKLK syndrome was further divided into obstruction group (29) and non-obstruction group (15) based on their ultrasound finding.
TextSentencer_T2198 302612-302713 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference between these 2 groups with regard to the body weight and gender.
T89343 302612-302713 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference between these 2 groups with regard to the body weight and gender.
TextSentencer_T2199 302714-302818 Sentence denotes All patient in obstruction group was neutered, but 25.8% were intact in nonobstruction group (P = 0.01).
T28112 302714-302818 Sentence denotes All patient in obstruction group was neutered, but 25.8% were intact in nonobstruction group (P = 0.01).
TextSentencer_T2200 302819-302973 Sentence denotes The length of right kidney under X-ray was longer (P = 0.034), and the ratio of the big kidney to 2 nd lumber was higher in obstruction group (P = 0.002).
T95045 302819-302973 Sentence denotes The length of right kidney under X-ray was longer (P = 0.034), and the ratio of the big kidney to 2 nd lumber was higher in obstruction group (P = 0.002).
TextSentencer_T2201 302974-303141 Sentence denotes Presence of urolith, nephrolith and the length difference between two kidneys did not show significant difference between two groups (P = 0.977, P = 0.241, P = 0.085).
T47072 302974-303141 Sentence denotes Presence of urolith, nephrolith and the length difference between two kidneys did not show significant difference between two groups (P = 0.977, P = 0.241, P = 0.085).
TextSentencer_T2202 303142-303369 Sentence denotes In blood examinations, the obstruction group had significant lower values of eosinophil (P = 0.004), reticulocyte (P = 0.029), Cl (P = 0.044), and higher value of MCHC (P = 0.027), BUN (P < 0.001), serum creatinine (P < 0.001).
T80925 303142-303369 Sentence denotes In blood examinations, the obstruction group had significant lower values of eosinophil (P = 0.004), reticulocyte (P = 0.029), Cl (P = 0.044), and higher value of MCHC (P = 0.027), BUN (P < 0.001), serum creatinine (P < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T2203 303370-303507 Sentence denotes Comparing the non-obstruction group with control group, male proportion was significantly higher in non-obstruction group (66.7% to 50%).
T83879 303370-303507 Sentence denotes Comparing the non-obstruction group with control group, male proportion was significantly higher in non-obstruction group (66.7% to 50%).
TextSentencer_T2204 303508-303744 Sentence denotes The clinical pathological variables revealed that the values of Hb (P = 0.001), HCT (P = 0.003), RBC (P = 0.002), ALKP (P = 0.010), Urine pH (P = 0.004), USG (P = 0.001) were found to be significantly lower in the non-obstruction group.
T34298 303508-303744 Sentence denotes The clinical pathological variables revealed that the values of Hb (P = 0.001), HCT (P = 0.003), RBC (P = 0.002), ALKP (P = 0.010), Urine pH (P = 0.004), USG (P = 0.001) were found to be significantly lower in the non-obstruction group.
TextSentencer_T2205 303745-303903 Sentence denotes By contrast, the value of WBC (P = 0.013), segmented cells (P = 0.023), BUN (P < 0.001) and serum creatinine (P < 0.001) were higher in non-obstruction group.
T96033 303745-303903 Sentence denotes By contrast, the value of WBC (P = 0.013), segmented cells (P = 0.023), BUN (P < 0.001) and serum creatinine (P < 0.001) were higher in non-obstruction group.
TextSentencer_T2206 303904-304015 Sentence denotes The obstruction group was further divided into survival group (20) and non-survival group (8) (within 30 days).
T75313 303904-304015 Sentence denotes The obstruction group was further divided into survival group (20) and non-survival group (8) (within 30 days).
TextSentencer_T2207 304016-304240 Sentence denotes The survival group had significantly higher body temperature (P = 0.009), HCT (P = 0.058), Hb (P = 0.036), RBC (P = 0.026) and lower neutrophil (P = 0.027), ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte (P = 0.015) and MCHC (P = 0.041).
T6251 304016-304240 Sentence denotes The survival group had significantly higher body temperature (P = 0.009), HCT (P = 0.058), Hb (P = 0.036), RBC (P = 0.026) and lower neutrophil (P = 0.027), ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte (P = 0.015) and MCHC (P = 0.041).
TextSentencer_T2208 304241-304473 Sentence denotes However, the surgery intervention, renal index including BUN, serum creatinine and phosphorus between the two groups did not meet any significant difference with the exception of serum creatinine to increase the odds ratio of death.
T29907 304241-304473 Sentence denotes However, the surgery intervention, renal index including BUN, serum creatinine and phosphorus between the two groups did not meet any significant difference with the exception of serum creatinine to increase the odds ratio of death.
TextSentencer_T2209 304474-304588 Sentence denotes Additionally all BKLK cats were also divided into survival group (33) and non-survival group (10) (within 60 day).
T57570 304474-304588 Sentence denotes Additionally all BKLK cats were also divided into survival group (33) and non-survival group (10) (within 60 day).
TextSentencer_T2210 304589-304707 Sentence denotes Body temperature (P = 0.005), reticulocyte (P = 0.022), Hb (P = 0.038), RBC (P = 0.030) were higher in survival group.
T39445 304589-304707 Sentence denotes Body temperature (P = 0.005), reticulocyte (P = 0.022), Hb (P = 0.038), RBC (P = 0.030) were higher in survival group.
TextSentencer_T2211 304708-304850 Sentence denotes And non-survival group had higher ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte (P = 0.022), MCHC (P = 0.014), BUN (P = 0.014) and creatinine (P = 0.009).
T11185 304708-304850 Sentence denotes And non-survival group had higher ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte (P = 0.022), MCHC (P = 0.014), BUN (P = 0.014) and creatinine (P = 0.009).
TextSentencer_T2212 304851-305110 Sentence denotes Significant positive relations were found between serum creatinine and the length of the bigger kidneys in obstruction group, while the length of the bigger kidney under X-ray was not significant different between survival and non-survival groups (P = 0.161).
T51950 304851-305110 Sentence denotes Significant positive relations were found between serum creatinine and the length of the bigger kidneys in obstruction group, while the length of the bigger kidney under X-ray was not significant different between survival and non-survival groups (P = 0.161).
TextSentencer_T2213 305111-305279 Sentence denotes In conclusion, body temperature, Hb, RBC, MCHC, and ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte are good prognostic factors in both obstructive and non-obstructive BKLK syndrome.
T69083 305111-305279 Sentence denotes In conclusion, body temperature, Hb, RBC, MCHC, and ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte are good prognostic factors in both obstructive and non-obstructive BKLK syndrome.
TextSentencer_T2214 305280-305357 Sentence denotes Surprisingly, the length of the bigger kidney cannot determine the prognosis.
T62974 305280-305357 Sentence denotes Surprisingly, the length of the bigger kidney cannot determine the prognosis.
TextSentencer_T2215 305358-305482 Sentence denotes NGAL, a 25-kDa glycoprotein belonging to lipocalin superfamily, acts as promising renal biomarker for humans, dogs and cats.
T40866 305358-305482 Sentence denotes NGAL, a 25-kDa glycoprotein belonging to lipocalin superfamily, acts as promising renal biomarker for humans, dogs and cats.
TextSentencer_T2216 305483-305650 Sentence denotes Urinary NGAL had been reported with 3 configurations, including monomer, dimer and the complex with matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in human and laboratory animals.
T8686 305483-305650 Sentence denotes Urinary NGAL had been reported with 3 configurations, including monomer, dimer and the complex with matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in human and laboratory animals.
TextSentencer_T2217 305651-305739 Sentence denotes It is recently characterized in canine and feline urinary disease in our research group.
T69704 305651-305739 Sentence denotes It is recently characterized in canine and feline urinary disease in our research group.
TextSentencer_T2218 305740-305885 Sentence denotes MMP-9 plays an important role in regulating the degradation of extracellular matrix in process such as angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis.
T36090 305740-305885 Sentence denotes MMP-9 plays an important role in regulating the degradation of extracellular matrix in process such as angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis.
TextSentencer_T2219 305886-305990 Sentence denotes Additionally it has been reported that MMP-9 involves in renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD).
T15525 305886-305990 Sentence denotes Additionally it has been reported that MMP-9 involves in renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD).
TextSentencer_T2220 305991-306170 Sentence denotes In addition, HJV, the upstream modulator of hepcidin-ferroportin axis, has been identified as a novel renal biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI) and CKD in human renal diseases.
T19070 305991-306170 Sentence denotes In addition, HJV, the upstream modulator of hepcidin-ferroportin axis, has been identified as a novel renal biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI) and CKD in human renal diseases.
TextSentencer_T2221 306171-306442 Sentence denotes Interestingly, both HJV and NGAL serve as modulators of inflammation, MMP-9 is involved in the expression of NGAL, and association of NGAL prevents MMP-9 auto-degradation; hence it is possible that these proteins work cooperatively in the course of feline renal diseases.
T3968 306171-306442 Sentence denotes Interestingly, both HJV and NGAL serve as modulators of inflammation, MMP-9 is involved in the expression of NGAL, and association of NGAL prevents MMP-9 auto-degradation; hence it is possible that these proteins work cooperatively in the course of feline renal diseases.
TextSentencer_T2222 306443-306577 Sentence denotes To resolve this unknown issue, we aimed to characterize the overall expression profile of three factors in cats with urinary diseases.
T56589 306443-306577 Sentence denotes To resolve this unknown issue, we aimed to characterize the overall expression profile of three factors in cats with urinary diseases.
TextSentencer_T2223 306578-306640 Sentence denotes In feline CKD, both NGAL and MMP-9 can represent the severity.
T53764 306578-306640 Sentence denotes In feline CKD, both NGAL and MMP-9 can represent the severity.
TextSentencer_T2224 306641-306768 Sentence denotes Urinary NGAL and MMP-9 were significantly higher in CKD stage 3 and CKD stage 4 than that in the control group and CKD stage 2.
T92655 306641-306768 Sentence denotes Urinary NGAL and MMP-9 were significantly higher in CKD stage 3 and CKD stage 4 than that in the control group and CKD stage 2.
TextSentencer_T2225 306769-306841 Sentence denotes However, urine MMP-9 may not be appropriate to indicate CKD progression.
T95251 306769-306841 Sentence denotes However, urine MMP-9 may not be appropriate to indicate CKD progression.
TextSentencer_T2226 306842-307059 Sentence denotes In CKD group and pyuria groups, both urinary NGAL and MMP-9 concentrations and their ratio to urinary creatinine had significant correlations (The Spearman correlation values were 0.64, 0.59, 0.57, and 0.61 in order).
T49426 306842-307059 Sentence denotes In CKD group and pyuria groups, both urinary NGAL and MMP-9 concentrations and their ratio to urinary creatinine had significant correlations (The Spearman correlation values were 0.64, 0.59, 0.57, and 0.61 in order).
TextSentencer_T2227 307060-307125 Sentence denotes However, these correlations could not be identified in AKI group.
T23525 307060-307125 Sentence denotes However, these correlations could not be identified in AKI group.
TextSentencer_T2228 307126-307247 Sentence denotes Moreover, for detection of feline HJV, recombinant feline HJV was prepared for generation of antibody against feline HJV.
T39858 307126-307247 Sentence denotes Moreover, for detection of feline HJV, recombinant feline HJV was prepared for generation of antibody against feline HJV.
TextSentencer_T2229 307248-307338 Sentence denotes At present, the expression of HJV was detected in feline urine with Western blot analysis.
T36672 307248-307338 Sentence denotes At present, the expression of HJV was detected in feline urine with Western blot analysis.
TextSentencer_T2230 307339-307424 Sentence denotes To quantify the concentration of HJV, development of an ELISA platform is in process.
T73991 307339-307424 Sentence denotes To quantify the concentration of HJV, development of an ELISA platform is in process.
TextSentencer_T2231 307425-307562 Sentence denotes In conclusion, urinary MMP-9 is a promising biomarker for renalurinary diseases in cats and especially for interpreted with urinary NGAL.
T44783 307425-307562 Sentence denotes In conclusion, urinary MMP-9 is a promising biomarker for renalurinary diseases in cats and especially for interpreted with urinary NGAL.
TextSentencer_T2232 307563-307638 Sentence denotes And the role of hemojuvelin in feline renal disease can be highly expected.
T81573 307563-307638 Sentence denotes And the role of hemojuvelin in feline renal disease can be highly expected.
TextSentencer_T2233 307639-307793 Sentence denotes In cats, hyperammonemia has been documented with portal venous anomalies, advanced hepatic disease, and with deficiencies in cobalamin (B12) and arginine.
T6703 307639-307793 Sentence denotes In cats, hyperammonemia has been documented with portal venous anomalies, advanced hepatic disease, and with deficiencies in cobalamin (B12) and arginine.
TextSentencer_T2234 307794-307896 Sentence denotes A recent case series reported hyperammonemia in 4 cats with IRIS stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD).
T72465 307794-307896 Sentence denotes A recent case series reported hyperammonemia in 4 cats with IRIS stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD).
TextSentencer_T2235 307897-308075 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that in a larger population of cats fasting hyperammonemia would correlate with the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) and be independent of serum B12.
T41825 307897-308075 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that in a larger population of cats fasting hyperammonemia would correlate with the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) and be independent of serum B12.
TextSentencer_T2236 308076-308242 Sentence denotes A fasted blood sample was prospectively collected for ammonia and B12 analysis from 20 client-owned cats with renal azotemia (IRIS Stage ≥ 2: creatinine ≥ 1.6 mg/dL).
T14697 308076-308242 Sentence denotes A fasted blood sample was prospectively collected for ammonia and B12 analysis from 20 client-owned cats with renal azotemia (IRIS Stage ≥ 2: creatinine ≥ 1.6 mg/dL).
TextSentencer_T2237 308243-308335 Sentence denotes Blood for ammonia was immediately processed and analyzed in the clinical science laboratory.
T39611 308243-308335 Sentence denotes Blood for ammonia was immediately processed and analyzed in the clinical science laboratory.
TextSentencer_T2238 308336-308531 Sentence denotes Cats on medications known to decrease blood ammonia (antibiotics, lactulose, probiotics) or previously diagnosed with disease states known to increase ammonia levels were excluded from the study.
T11743 308336-308531 Sentence denotes Cats on medications known to decrease blood ammonia (antibiotics, lactulose, probiotics) or previously diagnosed with disease states known to increase ammonia levels were excluded from the study.
TextSentencer_T2239 308532-308629 Sentence denotes Data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and ANOVA following log transformation.
T31263 308532-308629 Sentence denotes Data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and ANOVA following log transformation.
TextSentencer_T2240 308630-308730 Sentence denotes Enrolled cats had a median age of 12 years (range 4-19 years) and there were 11 males and 9 females.
T57474 308630-308730 Sentence denotes Enrolled cats had a median age of 12 years (range 4-19 years) and there were 11 males and 9 females.
TextSentencer_T2241 308731-309097 Sentence denotes Five out of 20 (25%), 5/20 (25%) and 10/20 (50%) were staged as IRIS Stage 2, 3, and 4 CKD, respectively.Hyperammonemia was documented in 5/20 (25%) of cats.There was a significant moderate positive correlation between BUN and ammonia (r = 0.5478, p = 0.013) but no correlation between ammonia and Cr (r = 0.4306, p = 0.058) or ammonia and B12 (r = -0.275, p =0.44).
T31946 308731-309097 Sentence denotes Five out of 20 (25%), 5/20 (25%) and 10/20 (50%) were staged as IRIS Stage 2, 3, and 4 CKD, respectively.Hyperammonemia was documented in 5/20 (25%) of cats.There was a significant moderate positive correlation between BUN and ammonia (r = 0.5478, p = 0.013) but no correlation between ammonia and Cr (r = 0.4306, p = 0.058) or ammonia and B12 (r = -0.275, p =0.44).
TextSentencer_T2242 309098-309199 Sentence denotes There was no difference between mean ammonia levels between the IRIS Stages (2, 3 and 4) (p = 0.162).
T74241 309098-309199 Sentence denotes There was no difference between mean ammonia levels between the IRIS Stages (2, 3 and 4) (p = 0.162).
TextSentencer_T2243 309200-309339 Sentence denotes Hyperammonemic cats did not appear to have overt neurologic signs and did not have urinary tract infections with urease producing bacteria.
T57677 309200-309339 Sentence denotes Hyperammonemic cats did not appear to have overt neurologic signs and did not have urinary tract infections with urease producing bacteria.
TextSentencer_T2244 309340-309489 Sentence denotes In conclusion, in this pilot study of cats with renal azotemia, a correlation existed between BUN and ammonia, but not between ammonia and Cr or B12.
T32500 309340-309489 Sentence denotes In conclusion, in this pilot study of cats with renal azotemia, a correlation existed between BUN and ammonia, but not between ammonia and Cr or B12.
TextSentencer_T2245 309490-309642 Sentence denotes Future studies are needed in a larger population of cats to determine the true prevalence, etiology and effect of hyperammonemia on long term prognosis.
T38651 309490-309642 Sentence denotes Future studies are needed in a larger population of cats to determine the true prevalence, etiology and effect of hyperammonemia on long term prognosis.
TextSentencer_T2246 309643-309873 Sentence denotes SDMA seems to be strictly eliminated by renal excretion, and its concentration highly correlates with GFR in animals and humans; therefore, this biomarker can be an earlier marker of kidney dysfunction than serum creatinine (sCr).
T48105 309643-309873 Sentence denotes SDMA seems to be strictly eliminated by renal excretion, and its concentration highly correlates with GFR in animals and humans; therefore, this biomarker can be an earlier marker of kidney dysfunction than serum creatinine (sCr).
TextSentencer_T2247 309874-310138 Sentence denotes The objective of the prospective study was to evaluate and quantify the effects of intravenous fluid therapy (IF) or intermittent hemodialysis (IH) on renal function in a randomized group of dogs previously diagnosed with IRIS stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
T50504 309874-310138 Sentence denotes The objective of the prospective study was to evaluate and quantify the effects of intravenous fluid therapy (IF) or intermittent hemodialysis (IH) on renal function in a randomized group of dogs previously diagnosed with IRIS stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
TextSentencer_T2248 310139-310254 Sentence denotes Serum from 14 dogs treated with IH and 10 dogs treated with IF was submitted for measurement of sCr and IDEXX SDMA.
T50322 310139-310254 Sentence denotes Serum from 14 dogs treated with IH and 10 dogs treated with IF was submitted for measurement of sCr and IDEXX SDMA.
TextSentencer_T2249 310255-310343 Sentence denotes Dogs in each treatment group received 5 treatment sessions, administered 48 hours apart.
T47229 310255-310343 Sentence denotes Dogs in each treatment group received 5 treatment sessions, administered 48 hours apart.
TextSentencer_T2250 310344-310544 Sentence denotes Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were seen between treatment groups, however dogs from the hemodialysis group were the most FIGURE 1 Western blot analysis for confirming hemojuvelin in feline urine.
T20788 310344-310544 Sentence denotes Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were seen between treatment groups, however dogs from the hemodialysis group were the most FIGURE 1 Western blot analysis for confirming hemojuvelin in feline urine.
TextSentencer_T2251 310545-310574 Sentence denotes HFE-2 represents hemojuvelin.
T34001 310545-310574 Sentence denotes HFE-2 represents hemojuvelin.
TextSentencer_T2252 310575-310595 Sentence denotes M represents marker.
T5841 310575-310595 Sentence denotes M represents marker.
TextSentencer_T2253 310596-310624 Sentence denotes A represents azotemia group.
T57626 310596-310624 Sentence denotes A represents azotemia group.
TextSentencer_T2254 310625-310783 Sentence denotes N represents non-azotemia group affected on the clearance of SDMA (X 2 =17.8, P < 0.001), sCr (X 2 = 21.6, P < 0.001), and blood urea (X 2 = 33.1, P < 0.001).
T58213 310625-310783 Sentence denotes N represents non-azotemia group affected on the clearance of SDMA (X 2 =17.8, P < 0.001), sCr (X 2 = 21.6, P < 0.001), and blood urea (X 2 = 33.1, P < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T2255 310784-310873 Sentence denotes A significant correlation was also found between the urea reduction ratio (URR) and SDMA.
T96636 310784-310873 Sentence denotes A significant correlation was also found between the urea reduction ratio (URR) and SDMA.
TextSentencer_T2256 310874-310980 Sentence denotes For each 10% increase in URR there was a 6.2 μg/ dL decrease in SDMA (X 2 = 13.56, P = 0.002) ( Table 1) .
T17582 310874-310980 Sentence denotes For each 10% increase in URR there was a 6.2 μg/ dL decrease in SDMA (X 2 = 13.56, P = 0.002) ( Table 1) .
TextSentencer_T2257 310981-311127 Sentence denotes Although SDMA is a dialysable biomarker, we highly recommend evaluating it in context with the concurrent URR for a better estimate of actual GFR.
T82392 310981-311127 Sentence denotes Although SDMA is a dialysable biomarker, we highly recommend evaluating it in context with the concurrent URR for a better estimate of actual GFR.
TextSentencer_T2258 311128-311243 Sentence denotes Despite its removal by IH, SDMA still is a better biomarker than sCr for evaluating GFR in dogs with CKD. formance.
T93439 311128-311243 Sentence denotes Despite its removal by IH, SDMA still is a better biomarker than sCr for evaluating GFR in dogs with CKD. formance.
TextSentencer_T2259 311244-311416 Sentence denotes Since few ELISAs have been validated for feline urine, our objective was to evaluate feline-specific ELISA kits for quantification of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12 in feline urine.
T23476 311244-311416 Sentence denotes Since few ELISAs have been validated for feline urine, our objective was to evaluate feline-specific ELISA kits for quantification of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12 in feline urine.
TextSentencer_T2260 311417-311524 Sentence denotes Urine was collected from healthy cats evaluated at the Michigan State University Veterinary Medical Center.
T91557 311417-311524 Sentence denotes Urine was collected from healthy cats evaluated at the Michigan State University Veterinary Medical Center.
TextSentencer_T2261 311525-311715 Sentence denotes Normal urine samples were pooled, modified to mimic disease conditions by adding water or hemolyzed blood, and then spiked with high, medium, and low concentrations of recombinant cytokines.
T67134 311525-311715 Sentence denotes Normal urine samples were pooled, modified to mimic disease conditions by adding water or hemolyzed blood, and then spiked with high, medium, and low concentrations of recombinant cytokines.
TextSentencer_T2262 311716-311828 Sentence denotes Concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12 were determined using commercially available feline-specific ELISA kits.
T13018 311716-311828 Sentence denotes Concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12 were determined using commercially available feline-specific ELISA kits.
TextSentencer_T2263 311829-311997 Sentence denotes The influence of urine matrix variables on test performance was evaluated by spike/recovery tests, linearity testing, and assessment of inter-and intra-assay variation.
T26892 311829-311997 Sentence denotes The influence of urine matrix variables on test performance was evaluated by spike/recovery tests, linearity testing, and assessment of inter-and intra-assay variation.
TextSentencer_T2264 311998-312119 Sentence denotes All assays underestimated high and medium spiked cytokine concentrations in urine as compared to standard assay diluents.
T52988 311998-312119 Sentence denotes All assays underestimated high and medium spiked cytokine concentrations in urine as compared to standard assay diluents.
TextSentencer_T2265 312120-312193 Sentence denotes Low spiked cytokine concentrations in urine were inconsistently detected.
T82578 312120-312193 Sentence denotes Low spiked cytokine concentrations in urine were inconsistently detected.
TextSentencer_T2266 312194-312308 Sentence denotes Urine spiked with IL-2, IL-6 and IL-12 achieved maximal quantitative recoveries of 82%, 90%, and 58% respectively.
T1218 312194-312308 Sentence denotes Urine spiked with IL-2, IL-6 and IL-12 achieved maximal quantitative recoveries of 82%, 90%, and 58% respectively.
TextSentencer_T2267 312309-312548 Sentence denotes High urine specific gravity contributed significantly to poor IL-2 and IL-12 recovery Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is a common lower urinary tract disease in cats that resembles interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome in people.
T67969 312309-312548 Sentence denotes High urine specific gravity contributed significantly to poor IL-2 and IL-12 recovery Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is a common lower urinary tract disease in cats that resembles interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome in people.
TextSentencer_T2268 312549-312646 Sentence denotes In both conditions the pathogenesis of the disease is unknown and there is no specific treatment.
T41289 312549-312646 Sentence denotes In both conditions the pathogenesis of the disease is unknown and there is no specific treatment.
TextSentencer_T2269 312647-312831 Sentence denotes To investigate the molecular pathways and disease functions potentially involved in the pathogenesis of FIC, we evaluated the bladder mucosa transcriptome of affected and healthy cats.
T26215 312647-312831 Sentence denotes To investigate the molecular pathways and disease functions potentially involved in the pathogenesis of FIC, we evaluated the bladder mucosa transcriptome of affected and healthy cats.
TextSentencer_T2270 312832-313006 Sentence denotes Urinary bladder tissues were collected from 3 healthy cats and from 3 FIC cats representing 3 different histological phenotypes (ulcerative, nonulcerative, and hyperplastic).
T62710 312832-313006 Sentence denotes Urinary bladder tissues were collected from 3 healthy cats and from 3 FIC cats representing 3 different histological phenotypes (ulcerative, nonulcerative, and hyperplastic).
TextSentencer_T2271 313007-313108 Sentence denotes RNA from bladder tissues was isolated and sequenced using high throughput next generation sequencing.
T15755 313007-313108 Sentence denotes RNA from bladder tissues was isolated and sequenced using high throughput next generation sequencing.
TextSentencer_T2272 313109-313250 Sentence denotes Differential gene expression and molecular pathway and disease factor analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software.
T86534 313109-313250 Sentence denotes Differential gene expression and molecular pathway and disease factor analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software.
TextSentencer_T2273 313251-313379 Sentence denotes A significant level of gene set enrichment (-log [p] > 1.3) was identified in several annotated disease and function categories.
T79947 313251-313379 Sentence denotes A significant level of gene set enrichment (-log [p] > 1.3) was identified in several annotated disease and function categories.
TextSentencer_T2274 313380-313580 Sentence denotes The inflammatory response function was up regulated in the non-ulcerative and ulcerative phenotypes (zscores 1.9 and 2.6 respectively), and down regulated in the hyperplastic phenotype (z-score -3.6).
T72306 313380-313580 Sentence denotes The inflammatory response function was up regulated in the non-ulcerative and ulcerative phenotypes (zscores 1.9 and 2.6 respectively), and down regulated in the hyperplastic phenotype (z-score -3.6).
TextSentencer_T2275 313581-313781 Sentence denotes The cellular growth and proliferation category was down regulated in the non-ulcerative and hyperplastic phenotypes (z-scores -2.4 and -3.7) and up regulated in the ulcerative phenotype (z-score 6.5).
T33920 313581-313781 Sentence denotes The cellular growth and proliferation category was down regulated in the non-ulcerative and hyperplastic phenotypes (z-scores -2.4 and -3.7) and up regulated in the ulcerative phenotype (z-score 6.5).
TextSentencer_T2276 313782-313954 Sentence denotes The cell death and survival pathway was down regulated in the non-ulcerative and hyperplastic phenotype (-2.3 and -2.2) and up regulated in the ulcerative phenotype (6.5) .
T23087 313782-313954 Sentence denotes The cell death and survival pathway was down regulated in the non-ulcerative and hyperplastic phenotype (-2.3 and -2.2) and up regulated in the ulcerative phenotype (6.5) .
TextSentencer_T2277 313955-314175 Sentence denotes Further investigation of these pathways and other target genes may provide insight into the pathogenesis of FIC and identify new therapeutic targets as well as biomarkers of the disorder for future clinical applications.
T77754 313955-314175 Sentence denotes Further investigation of these pathways and other target genes may provide insight into the pathogenesis of FIC and identify new therapeutic targets as well as biomarkers of the disorder for future clinical applications.
TextSentencer_T2278 314176-314421 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to follow-up CKD dogs with IRIS stages 2 or 3 based on serum creatinine concentration, and also to investigate whether and when SDMA is in disagreement with creatinine concentrations for the classification of CKD stage.
T91921 314176-314421 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to follow-up CKD dogs with IRIS stages 2 or 3 based on serum creatinine concentration, and also to investigate whether and when SDMA is in disagreement with creatinine concentrations for the classification of CKD stage.
TextSentencer_T2279 314422-314474 Sentence denotes The study group was composed of twenty-one CKD dogs.
T64435 314422-314474 Sentence denotes The study group was composed of twenty-one CKD dogs.
TextSentencer_T2280 314475-314576 Sentence denotes CKD dogs with stage 2 (n= 9) and stage 3 (n= 12) were followed-up for 12 to 15 months or until death.
T47739 314475-314576 Sentence denotes CKD dogs with stage 2 (n= 9) and stage 3 (n= 12) were followed-up for 12 to 15 months or until death.
TextSentencer_T2281 314577-315000 Sentence denotes The evaluation by means of serum creatinine concentrations, only two CKD dogs with stage 2 changed the classification to stage 3 during the follow-up, and also in those dogs serum SDMA was increased concomitantly; however other three CKD dogs with stage 2 had the increase only in SDMA (changing the classification to stage 3) and not in serum creatinine, showing the underestimation of the stage based on serum creatinine.
T47048 314577-315000 Sentence denotes The evaluation by means of serum creatinine concentrations, only two CKD dogs with stage 2 changed the classification to stage 3 during the follow-up, and also in those dogs serum SDMA was increased concomitantly; however other three CKD dogs with stage 2 had the increase only in SDMA (changing the classification to stage 3) and not in serum creatinine, showing the underestimation of the stage based on serum creatinine.
TextSentencer_T2282 315001-315375 Sentence denotes In CKD dogs with stage 3, during the follow-up, only two dogs changed the classification to stage 4 based on serum creatinine concentrations, however when taking SDMA concentrations (> 45 μg/dL), 9 out of 12 changed the classification to stage 4 and among them, 6 out 9 dogs that had serum creatinine < 5.0 mg/dL were already in stage 4 since the beginning of the follow-up.
T59557 315001-315375 Sentence denotes In CKD dogs with stage 3, during the follow-up, only two dogs changed the classification to stage 4 based on serum creatinine concentrations, however when taking SDMA concentrations (> 45 μg/dL), 9 out of 12 changed the classification to stage 4 and among them, 6 out 9 dogs that had serum creatinine < 5.0 mg/dL were already in stage 4 since the beginning of the follow-up.
TextSentencer_T2283 315376-315571 Sentence denotes Urinary protein to creatinine ratio (UP/C) measures the total amount of proteins in urine compared to urinary creatinine concentration, but it does not identify the origin of individual proteins.
T81575 315376-315571 Sentence denotes Urinary protein to creatinine ratio (UP/C) measures the total amount of proteins in urine compared to urinary creatinine concentration, but it does not identify the origin of individual proteins.
TextSentencer_T2284 315572-315973 Sentence denotes Qualitative evaluation of urinary proteins by immunodetection could add important information as to the nature of a renal disease as albuminuria is associated with glomerular disease, and retinol-binding protein (RBP) and vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) with tubular damage due to the impairment of tubular reabsorption of low molecular weight proteins that are normally found in glomerular filtrate.
T89784 315572-315973 Sentence denotes Qualitative evaluation of urinary proteins by immunodetection could add important information as to the nature of a renal disease as albuminuria is associated with glomerular disease, and retinol-binding protein (RBP) and vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) with tubular damage due to the impairment of tubular reabsorption of low molecular weight proteins that are normally found in glomerular filtrate.
TextSentencer_T2285 315974-316178 Sentence denotes The hypothesis of this study was that qualitative methods (e.g. western blotting) in association with quantitative methods (UP/C) may provide better assessment and evaluation of the origin of proteinuria.
T50645 315974-316178 Sentence denotes The hypothesis of this study was that qualitative methods (e.g. western blotting) in association with quantitative methods (UP/C) may provide better assessment and evaluation of the origin of proteinuria.
TextSentencer_T2286 316179-316354 Sentence denotes The aim was to study dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to determine the UP/C as well as to use immunoassay (western blotting) to detect urinary albumin, RBP and VDBP.
T70955 316179-316354 Sentence denotes The aim was to study dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to determine the UP/C as well as to use immunoassay (western blotting) to detect urinary albumin, RBP and VDBP.
TextSentencer_T2287 316355-316495 Sentence denotes The study group was composed of CKD dogs with stage 2 (n=9) and stage 3 (n=13) and they were followed up for 12 to 15 months or until death.
T85129 316355-316495 Sentence denotes The study group was composed of CKD dogs with stage 2 (n=9) and stage 3 (n=13) and they were followed up for 12 to 15 months or until death.
TextSentencer_T2288 316496-316584 Sentence denotes Fifteen clinically healthy dogs of different breeds and age comprised the control group.
T38540 316496-316584 Sentence denotes Fifteen clinically healthy dogs of different breeds and age comprised the control group.
TextSentencer_T2289 316585-316812 Sentence denotes Coomassie brilliant blue (Bradford method) was used for UP/C determination, and antialbumin (ab112986,1:500; Abcam, Cambridge, MA), anti-VDBP (ab95469,1:500; Abcam) and anti-RBP (ab48624, 1:250; Abcam) for the western blotting.
T49408 316585-316812 Sentence denotes Coomassie brilliant blue (Bradford method) was used for UP/C determination, and antialbumin (ab112986,1:500; Abcam, Cambridge, MA), anti-VDBP (ab95469,1:500; Abcam) and anti-RBP (ab48624, 1:250; Abcam) for the western blotting.
TextSentencer_T2290 316813-316947 Sentence denotes Urinary albumin, RBP and VDBP were not detected in control dogs and UP/C was 0.15±0.02 (mean±SEM) with a min of 0.03 and a max of 0.4.
T31072 316813-316947 Sentence denotes Urinary albumin, RBP and VDBP were not detected in control dogs and UP/C was 0.15±0.02 (mean±SEM) with a min of 0.03 and a max of 0.4.
TextSentencer_T2291 316948-317117 Sentence denotes Only one CKD dog with stage 2 had proteinuria based on UP/C (mean of the follow-up, min-max; 1.49, 0.76-3.45 ) also with loss of VDBP (tubular pattern of renal disease).
T73045 316948-317117 Sentence denotes Only one CKD dog with stage 2 had proteinuria based on UP/C (mean of the follow-up, min-max; 1.49, 0.76-3.45 ) also with loss of VDBP (tubular pattern of renal disease).
TextSentencer_T2292 317118-317471 Sentence denotes In the remaining 8 out of 9 CKD dogs with stage 2, the mean of UP/C was normal (UP/C < 0.4) during the follow-up period, however the qualitative evaluation detected loss of tubular proteins (RBP and /or VDBP) in 2/8, loss of glomerular protein (albumin) in 1/8, loss of tubular and glomerular proteins in 2/8, and in 3/8 no level of proteins were found.
T53769 317118-317471 Sentence denotes In the remaining 8 out of 9 CKD dogs with stage 2, the mean of UP/C was normal (UP/C < 0.4) during the follow-up period, however the qualitative evaluation detected loss of tubular proteins (RBP and /or VDBP) in 2/8, loss of glomerular protein (albumin) in 1/8, loss of tubular and glomerular proteins in 2/8, and in 3/8 no level of proteins were found.
TextSentencer_T2293 317472-317780 Sentence denotes Proteinuria (UP/C > 0.5) was observed in 7 out of 13 CKD dogs with stage 3, and a tubular pattern characterized by the predominance of low molecular weight proteins loss (RBP and or VDBP) was noticed in 5/7, and the loss of albumin and RBP, both in similar magnitude, in 2/7 (tubular and glomerular pattern).
T51814 317472-317780 Sentence denotes Proteinuria (UP/C > 0.5) was observed in 7 out of 13 CKD dogs with stage 3, and a tubular pattern characterized by the predominance of low molecular weight proteins loss (RBP and or VDBP) was noticed in 5/7, and the loss of albumin and RBP, both in similar magnitude, in 2/7 (tubular and glomerular pattern).
TextSentencer_T2294 317781-317995 Sentence denotes In non-proteinuric (mean during follow-up, UP/C < 0.5) CKD dogs with stage 3 (n=6), the immunodetection of albumin and RBP or VDBP were observed in 3/6, and in 1/6 only a slight amount of albumin loss was detected.
T95073 317781-317995 Sentence denotes In non-proteinuric (mean during follow-up, UP/C < 0.5) CKD dogs with stage 3 (n=6), the immunodetection of albumin and RBP or VDBP were observed in 3/6, and in 1/6 only a slight amount of albumin loss was detected.
TextSentencer_T2295 317996-318137 Sentence denotes These findings suggest that sequential qualitative evaluation of urinary proteins can add more information to interpretation of UP/C results.
T71925 317996-318137 Sentence denotes These findings suggest that sequential qualitative evaluation of urinary proteins can add more information to interpretation of UP/C results.
TextSentencer_T2296 318138-318322 Sentence denotes Identification of the damaged nephron segment that caused a specific pattern of protein loss could help refine the diagnosis of a specific renal disease as well as to optimize therapy.
T94090 318138-318322 Sentence denotes Identification of the damaged nephron segment that caused a specific pattern of protein loss could help refine the diagnosis of a specific renal disease as well as to optimize therapy.
TextSentencer_T2297 318323-318487 Sentence denotes Importantly, the detection of albumin, RBP and VDBP in urine samples with normal UP/C might serve as an early marker of glomerular and tubular injury. respectively.
T86709 318323-318487 Sentence denotes Importantly, the detection of albumin, RBP and VDBP in urine samples with normal UP/C might serve as an early marker of glomerular and tubular injury. respectively.
TextSentencer_T2298 318488-318627 Sentence denotes This study aims at describing P and QT dispersions, as well electrocardiographic changes observed in dogs with CKD stage IV undergoing IHD.
T58013 318488-318627 Sentence denotes This study aims at describing P and QT dispersions, as well electrocardiographic changes observed in dogs with CKD stage IV undergoing IHD.
TextSentencer_T2299 318628-318778 Sentence denotes The animals were classified considering serum creatinine (> 5mg/dL), urinary protein/creatinine ratio (> 0.5) and systolic blood pressure (> 160mmHg).
T35434 318628-318778 Sentence denotes The animals were classified considering serum creatinine (> 5mg/dL), urinary protein/creatinine ratio (> 0.5) and systolic blood pressure (> 160mmHg).
TextSentencer_T2300 318779-318935 Sentence denotes Ten dogs weighing 15-30 kg were included in the study and electrocardiographic examinations were performed before and after the first three sessions of IHD.
T37199 318779-318935 Sentence denotes Ten dogs weighing 15-30 kg were included in the study and electrocardiographic examinations were performed before and after the first three sessions of IHD.
TextSentencer_T2301 318936-319035 Sentence denotes The results were analyzed using ANOVA with Friedman's test, considering a significance level of 5%.
T79144 318936-319035 Sentence denotes The results were analyzed using ANOVA with Friedman's test, considering a significance level of 5%.
TextSentencer_T2302 319036-319230 Sentence denotes There were significant increases in values for P maximum (p = 0.011), QT maximum (p = 0.002), QT minimum (p = 0.023), however, the changes in P and QT dispersions were not significant (p> 0.05).
T45076 319036-319230 Sentence denotes There were significant increases in values for P maximum (p = 0.011), QT maximum (p = 0.002), QT minimum (p = 0.023), however, the changes in P and QT dispersions were not significant (p> 0.05).
TextSentencer_T2303 319231-319364 Sentence denotes There were increases in PR intervals (p = 0.019), QT intervals (p = 0.034) and a decrease in the amplitude of the R wave (p = 0.002).
T66672 319231-319364 Sentence denotes There were increases in PR intervals (p = 0.019), QT intervals (p = 0.034) and a decrease in the amplitude of the R wave (p = 0.002).
TextSentencer_T2304 319365-319494 Sentence denotes After the second session, three dogs (30%) developed sinus arrest and another three (30%) developed supraventricular arrhythmias.
T14161 319365-319494 Sentence denotes After the second session, three dogs (30%) developed sinus arrest and another three (30%) developed supraventricular arrhythmias.
TextSentencer_T2305 319495-319729 Sentence denotes The results obtained suggest that employing IHD in dogs may cause electrocardiographic changes such as arrhythmias, interferences in atrioventricular conduction, as well as in the ventricular depolarization and repolarization process.
T32374 319495-319729 Sentence denotes The results obtained suggest that employing IHD in dogs may cause electrocardiographic changes such as arrhythmias, interferences in atrioventricular conduction, as well as in the ventricular depolarization and repolarization process.
TextSentencer_T2306 319730-320070 Sentence denotes These findings highlight the importance of electrophysiological monitoring in animals submitted to this therapeutic modality. sodium/1000 kcal) has been reported to increase urinary calcium while concomitantly increasing water intake and consequently urine volume when compared to a food containing approximately 0.4% (1g sodium/1000 kcal).
T33467 319730-320070 Sentence denotes These findings highlight the importance of electrophysiological monitoring in animals submitted to this therapeutic modality. sodium/1000 kcal) has been reported to increase urinary calcium while concomitantly increasing water intake and consequently urine volume when compared to a food containing approximately 0.4% (1g sodium/1000 kcal).
TextSentencer_T2307 320071-320367 Sentence denotes When foods with similar Ca, P and Mg restriction but relatively high (3.5g/1000 kcal) and low (1g/1000 kcal) sodium content were compared, it was observed that relative supersaturation (RSS) for calcium oxalate was similar and calcium excretion was significantly greater for the high sodium food.
T7232 320071-320367 Sentence denotes When foods with similar Ca, P and Mg restriction but relatively high (3.5g/1000 kcal) and low (1g/1000 kcal) sodium content were compared, it was observed that relative supersaturation (RSS) for calcium oxalate was similar and calcium excretion was significantly greater for the high sodium food.
TextSentencer_T2308 320368-320512 Sentence denotes 3 This suggests that a benefit ascribed to lower urinary saturation due to increased urinary water is offset by increased urine calcium content.
T40921 320368-320512 Sentence denotes 3 This suggests that a benefit ascribed to lower urinary saturation due to increased urinary water is offset by increased urine calcium content.
TextSentencer_T2309 320513-320675 Sentence denotes Long term studies have not been performed in cats comparing RSS for calcium oxalate and recurrence rates for uroliths; however a correlation does exist in humans.
T51006 320513-320675 Sentence denotes Long term studies have not been performed in cats comparing RSS for calcium oxalate and recurrence rates for uroliths; however a correlation does exist in humans.
TextSentencer_T2310 320676-320871 Sentence denotes Another surrogate for calcium oxalate risk, the Bonn Risk Index as described by Laube et al, has been proposed as a better predictor of future calcium oxalate risk than relative super saturation.
T22348 320676-320871 Sentence denotes Another surrogate for calcium oxalate risk, the Bonn Risk Index as described by Laube et al, has been proposed as a better predictor of future calcium oxalate risk than relative super saturation.
TextSentencer_T2311 320872-321067 Sentence denotes 4, 5 This study examines low and high sodium feline dry foods by using the calcium oxalate titration (COT) test first described by Davidson 6 , which is similar to the human Bonn Risk Index test.
T1245 320872-321067 Sentence denotes 4, 5 This study examines low and high sodium feline dry foods by using the calcium oxalate titration (COT) test first described by Davidson 6 , which is similar to the human Bonn Risk Index test.
TextSentencer_T2312 321068-321225 Sentence denotes In the COT test, centrifuged, unaltered, body temperature urine is titrated with a sodium oxalate solution and monitored at 585nm until precipitation occurs.
T49185 321068-321225 Sentence denotes In the COT test, centrifuged, unaltered, body temperature urine is titrated with a sodium oxalate solution and monitored at 585nm until precipitation occurs.
TextSentencer_T2313 321226-321356 Sentence denotes The COT value is determined by dividing the urine [Ca 2+ ] by the resultant amount of oxalate added at the point of precipitation.
T74250 321226-321356 Sentence denotes The COT value is determined by dividing the urine [Ca 2+ ] by the resultant amount of oxalate added at the point of precipitation.
TextSentencer_T2314 321357-321543 Sentence denotes Therefore the COT test measures urine stability or capacity as it is influenced by the composition of urine, reflecting the interactions of inhibitors and promoters of crystal formation.
T24879 321357-321543 Sentence denotes Therefore the COT test measures urine stability or capacity as it is influenced by the composition of urine, reflecting the interactions of inhibitors and promoters of crystal formation.
TextSentencer_T2315 321544-321782 Sentence denotes A group of 12 healthy adult cats were fed two commercially available foods a,b (1g sodium/1000 kcal and 3.5g sodium /1000 kcal), in series, for 2 weeks each and 24 hour urine samples were collected at the end of each period and evaluated.
T81750 321544-321782 Sentence denotes A group of 12 healthy adult cats were fed two commercially available foods a,b (1g sodium/1000 kcal and 3.5g sodium /1000 kcal), in series, for 2 weeks each and 24 hour urine samples were collected at the end of each period and evaluated.
TextSentencer_T2316 321783-321979 Sentence denotes The COT test was performed and Equil 2 software was used to calculate RSS from urine concentrations of NH + 4 , Ca +2 , Cl -, Citrate, Mg +2 , oxalate, PO −3 4 , K + , Na + , SO −2 4 and urine pH.
T90434 321783-321979 Sentence denotes The COT test was performed and Equil 2 software was used to calculate RSS from urine concentrations of NH + 4 , Ca +2 , Cl -, Citrate, Mg +2 , oxalate, PO −3 4 , K + , Na + , SO −2 4 and urine pH.
TextSentencer_T2317 321980-322023 Sentence denotes SAS™ version 9.2 was used for all analyses.
T44960 321980-322023 Sentence denotes SAS™ version 9.2 was used for all analyses.
TextSentencer_T2318 322024-322163 Sentence denotes A repeated measures regression model was used with the value of the analyte as the dependent variable and food as the independent variable.
T39448 322024-322163 Sentence denotes A repeated measures regression model was used with the value of the analyte as the dependent variable and food as the independent variable.
TextSentencer_T2319 322164-322263 Sentence denotes Least-square means and pair-wise differences were calculated for diet comparisons for each analyte.
T12185 322164-322263 Sentence denotes Least-square means and pair-wise differences were calculated for diet comparisons for each analyte.
TextSentencer_T2320 322264-322295 Sentence denotes Two-sided tests were performed.
T22023 322264-322295 Sentence denotes Two-sided tests were performed.
TextSentencer_T2321 322296-322360 Sentence denotes An alpha of 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.
T35866 322296-322360 Sentence denotes An alpha of 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.
TextSentencer_T2322 322361-322493 Sentence denotes Urine pH (p = 0.4), RSS for struvite (p = 0.6) and RSS for calcium oxalate (p = 0.3) were not significantly different between foods.
T82935 322361-322493 Sentence denotes Urine pH (p = 0.4), RSS for struvite (p = 0.6) and RSS for calcium oxalate (p = 0.3) were not significantly different between foods.
TextSentencer_T2323 322494-322875 Sentence denotes Urine from cats fed the low sodium food had a significantly (p < 0.01) greater urine specific gravity ((mean±SEM) 1.054 ± 0.001 vs 1.038 ± 0.002), phosphorus (2776 ± 94 ppm vs 1370 ± 102 ppm) and citrate concentration (2993 ± 538 umol/L vs 1154 ± 589 umol/L) and significantly lower calcium (45 ± 7 ppm vs 80 ± 8 ppm) and COT (28 ± 30 vs 202 ± 33) compared to the high sodium food.
T49052 322494-322875 Sentence denotes Urine from cats fed the low sodium food had a significantly (p < 0.01) greater urine specific gravity ((mean±SEM) 1.054 ± 0.001 vs 1.038 ± 0.002), phosphorus (2776 ± 94 ppm vs 1370 ± 102 ppm) and citrate concentration (2993 ± 538 umol/L vs 1154 ± 589 umol/L) and significantly lower calcium (45 ± 7 ppm vs 80 ± 8 ppm) and COT (28 ± 30 vs 202 ± 33) compared to the high sodium food.
TextSentencer_T2324 322876-323054 Sentence denotes Compared to the high sodium food, the low sodium food improved urinary crystallization capacity as measured by the COT test by 86% and lowered urine calcium concentration by 44%.
T93444 322876-323054 Sentence denotes Compared to the high sodium food, the low sodium food improved urinary crystallization capacity as measured by the COT test by 86% and lowered urine calcium concentration by 44%.
TextSentencer_T2325 323055-323269 Sentence denotes With respect to calcium oxalate crystal formation, factors associated with increased urine stability, include urine citrate and urine phosphorus and these were significantly increased by 159% and 103% respectively.
T6408 323055-323269 Sentence denotes With respect to calcium oxalate crystal formation, factors associated with increased urine stability, include urine citrate and urine phosphorus and these were significantly increased by 159% and 103% respectively.
TextSentencer_T2326 323270-323372 Sentence denotes Feline urine is typically metastable for calcium oxalate and complexation is affected by many factors.
T22122 323270-323372 Sentence denotes Feline urine is typically metastable for calcium oxalate and complexation is affected by many factors.
TextSentencer_T2327 323373-323496 Sentence denotes Increased urine water may help reduce saturation of crystal components but may also dilute inhibitors of crystal formation.
T31289 323373-323496 Sentence denotes Increased urine water may help reduce saturation of crystal components but may also dilute inhibitors of crystal formation.
TextSentencer_T2328 323497-323743 Sentence denotes This data supports that the dynamic nature of calcium oxalate precipitation testing provides additional information on the capacity of urine to resist induced crystallization which is not reflected in the traditional super saturation calculation.
T74051 323497-323743 Sentence denotes This data supports that the dynamic nature of calcium oxalate precipitation testing provides additional information on the capacity of urine to resist induced crystallization which is not reflected in the traditional super saturation calculation.
TextSentencer_T2329 323744-323874 Sentence denotes Elevated sodium content of foods influenced calcium excretion and appeared to lower urine resistance to induced crystal formation.
T92877 323744-323874 Sentence denotes Elevated sodium content of foods influenced calcium excretion and appeared to lower urine resistance to induced crystal formation.
TextSentencer_T2330 323875-324064 Sentence denotes Further study of the relationship between RSS and COT and long term risk for crystal and stone formation is warranted. cannula system that allows fluid flow in only one direction at a time.
T17307 323875-324064 Sentence denotes Further study of the relationship between RSS and COT and long term risk for crystal and stone formation is warranted. cannula system that allows fluid flow in only one direction at a time.
TextSentencer_T2331 324065-324224 Sentence denotes These one way flow cystoscopes have worked well in small animal practice for over 30 years and still work well for diagnostic and simple corrective procedures.
T18888 324065-324224 Sentence denotes These one way flow cystoscopes have worked well in small animal practice for over 30 years and still work well for diagnostic and simple corrective procedures.
TextSentencer_T2332 324225-324372 Sentence denotes This system does not work well for more advanced complex transurethral interventional procedures, especially those using lasers or radio-frequency.
T42223 324225-324372 Sentence denotes This system does not work well for more advanced complex transurethral interventional procedures, especially those using lasers or radio-frequency.
TextSentencer_T2333 324373-324463 Sentence denotes With only one way flow the visual field is quickly obscured with debris, blood, and smoke.
T59056 324373-324463 Sentence denotes With only one way flow the visual field is quickly obscured with debris, blood, and smoke.
TextSentencer_T2334 324464-324537 Sentence denotes Repeated fluid exchanges are required to maintain adequate image quality.
T73040 324464-324537 Sentence denotes Repeated fluid exchanges are required to maintain adequate image quality.
TextSentencer_T2335 324538-324875 Sentence denotes Discontinuing the procedure to drain and refill the bladder is time consuming, frustrating, and increases the risk of bladder trauma by over-distensionContinuous flow cannulas are available for cystoscopes that allow ingress and egress of fluid to occur simultaneously maintaining a constant bladder distension with a clear visual field.
T17231 324538-324875 Sentence denotes Discontinuing the procedure to drain and refill the bladder is time consuming, frustrating, and increases the risk of bladder trauma by over-distensionContinuous flow cannulas are available for cystoscopes that allow ingress and egress of fluid to occur simultaneously maintaining a constant bladder distension with a clear visual field.
TextSentencer_T2336 324876-324940 Sentence denotes These systems are standard instrumentation for human cystoscopy.
T29426 324876-324940 Sentence denotes These systems are standard instrumentation for human cystoscopy.
TextSentencer_T2337 324941-325038 Sentence denotes Hyperthyroidism can mask chronic kidney disease (CKD) because of hyperfiltration and muscle loss.
T22693 324941-325038 Sentence denotes Hyperthyroidism can mask chronic kidney disease (CKD) because of hyperfiltration and muscle loss.
TextSentencer_T2338 325039-325207 Sentence denotes Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been shown to increase earlier than creatinine in cats with CKD, and, unlike creatinine, SDMA is not impacted by lean muscle mass.
T40805 325039-325207 Sentence denotes Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been shown to increase earlier than creatinine in cats with CKD, and, unlike creatinine, SDMA is not impacted by lean muscle mass.
TextSentencer_T2339 325208-325335 Sentence denotes For these reasons, it has been postulated that SDMA could be a more sensitive indicator of renal function in hyperthyroid cats.
T77748 325208-325335 Sentence denotes For these reasons, it has been postulated that SDMA could be a more sensitive indicator of renal function in hyperthyroid cats.
TextSentencer_T2340 325336-325505 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between SDMA, creatinine, body weight and T4 to evaluate SDMA as a potential renal biomarker in hyperthyroid cats.
T56029 325336-325505 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between SDMA, creatinine, body weight and T4 to evaluate SDMA as a potential renal biomarker in hyperthyroid cats.
TextSentencer_T2341 325506-325656 Sentence denotes Cats were retrospectively identified from the US IDEXX Reference Laboratories database where T4, SDMA and creatinine were measured on the same sample.
T97915 325506-325656 Sentence denotes Cats were retrospectively identified from the US IDEXX Reference Laboratories database where T4, SDMA and creatinine were measured on the same sample.
TextSentencer_T2342 325657-325752 Sentence denotes SDMA and creatinine were compared to T4 concentrations for the entire study population of cats.
T25675 325657-325752 Sentence denotes SDMA and creatinine were compared to T4 concentrations for the entire study population of cats.
TextSentencer_T2343 325753-325824 Sentence denotes A Spearman correlation test was conducted for cats with T4 > 4.7 μg/dL.
T13598 325753-325824 Sentence denotes A Spearman correlation test was conducted for cats with T4 > 4.7 μg/dL.
TextSentencer_T2344 325825-326005 Sentence denotes A hyperthyroid treated group was identified (T4 ≤ 4.7 μg/dL and decreased by a minimum of 2.5 μg/dL) that had body weight and laboratory results available from more than one visit.
T44398 325825-326005 Sentence denotes A hyperthyroid treated group was identified (T4 ≤ 4.7 μg/dL and decreased by a minimum of 2.5 μg/dL) that had body weight and laboratory results available from more than one visit.
TextSentencer_T2345 326006-326220 Sentence denotes Hyperthyroid cats and a 10 to 1 comparative control group of age-matched euthyroid cats were used to evaluate body weight, creatinine, SDMA and T4 pretreatment and at 1-30, 31-60, 61-90, 91-120 days post-treatment.
T95877 326006-326220 Sentence denotes Hyperthyroid cats and a 10 to 1 comparative control group of age-matched euthyroid cats were used to evaluate body weight, creatinine, SDMA and T4 pretreatment and at 1-30, 31-60, 61-90, 91-120 days post-treatment.
TextSentencer_T2346 326221-326444 Sentence denotes Of 113,535 cats that met the criteria, 14,861 had a T4 < 0.8 μg/dL, 41,032 were euthyroid (0.8 μg/dL ≥ T4 < 2.3 μg/dL), 20,211 were in the grey zone (2.3 μg/dL ≥ T4 ≤ 4.7 μg/dL) and 37,431 were hyperthyroid (T4 > 4.7μg/dL).
T98292 326221-326444 Sentence denotes Of 113,535 cats that met the criteria, 14,861 had a T4 < 0.8 μg/dL, 41,032 were euthyroid (0.8 μg/dL ≥ T4 < 2.3 μg/dL), 20,211 were in the grey zone (2.3 μg/dL ≥ T4 ≤ 4.7 μg/dL) and 37,431 were hyperthyroid (T4 > 4.7μg/dL).
TextSentencer_T2347 326445-326539 Sentence denotes Boxplots illustrate the relationship between T4 and creatinine and T4 and SDMA concentrations.
T59735 326445-326539 Sentence denotes Boxplots illustrate the relationship between T4 and creatinine and T4 and SDMA concentrations.
TextSentencer_T2348 326540-326623 Sentence denotes A negative relationship was found between creatinine and T4 (ρ = -0.37, P < 0.001).
T0 326540-326623 Sentence denotes A negative relationship was found between creatinine and T4 (ρ = -0.37, P < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T2349 326624-326761 Sentence denotes Although there was also a slight negative relationship between SDMA and T4, it was not statistically significant (ρ = -0.008, P < 0.426).
T35665 326624-326761 Sentence denotes Although there was also a slight negative relationship between SDMA and T4, it was not statistically significant (ρ = -0.008, P < 0.426).
TextSentencer_T2350 326762-326954 Sentence denotes The mean body weight of hyperthyroid treated cats (n = 1,281) at pretreatment and at all post-treatment time points was significantly less than control cats (n = 12,810) (all P values < 0.01).
T50403 326762-326954 Sentence denotes The mean body weight of hyperthyroid treated cats (n = 1,281) at pretreatment and at all post-treatment time points was significantly less than control cats (n = 12,810) (all P values < 0.01).
TextSentencer_T2351 326955-327098 Sentence denotes Hyperthyroid cats had a significantly lower mean weight pretreatment, and at 1-30 days and 31-60 days versus 90-120 days (all P values ≤ 0.03).
T31952 326955-327098 Sentence denotes Hyperthyroid cats had a significantly lower mean weight pretreatment, and at 1-30 days and 31-60 days versus 90-120 days (all P values ≤ 0.03).
TextSentencer_T2352 327099-327222 Sentence denotes Pretreatment creatinine was significantly decreased in comparison to all post-treatment time points (all P values < 0.001).
T30053 327099-327222 Sentence denotes Pretreatment creatinine was significantly decreased in comparison to all post-treatment time points (all P values < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T2353 327223-327339 Sentence denotes Creatinine was significantly increased at 91-120 days in comparison to all other time points (all P values ≤ 0.007).
T78983 327223-327339 Sentence denotes Creatinine was significantly increased at 91-120 days in comparison to all other time points (all P values ≤ 0.007).
TextSentencer_T2354 327340-327512 Sentence denotes The mean creatinine of hyperthyroid cats was significantly less than in control cats pre-treatment and up to the 61-90 day post-treatment time period (all P values < 0.01).
T19027 327340-327512 Sentence denotes The mean creatinine of hyperthyroid cats was significantly less than in control cats pre-treatment and up to the 61-90 day post-treatment time period (all P values < 0.01).
TextSentencer_T2355 327513-327630 Sentence denotes Pretreatment SDMA was significantly decreased in comparison to all post-treatment time points (all P values < 0.001).
T82374 327513-327630 Sentence denotes Pretreatment SDMA was significantly decreased in comparison to all post-treatment time points (all P values < 0.001).
TextSentencer_T2356 327631-327795 Sentence denotes However, after the increase in SDMA at 1-30 days, there was no significant difference in mean SDMA concentrations throughout the remainder of the treatment periods.
T30413 327631-327795 Sentence denotes However, after the increase in SDMA at 1-30 days, there was no significant difference in mean SDMA concentrations throughout the remainder of the treatment periods.
TextSentencer_T2357 327796-327970 Sentence denotes In addition, compared to the control cats, the mean SDMA of hyperthyroid cats was only significantly lower pre-treatment (P < 0.001) but not at any post-treatment time point.
T58722 327796-327970 Sentence denotes In addition, compared to the control cats, the mean SDMA of hyperthyroid cats was only significantly lower pre-treatment (P < 0.001) but not at any post-treatment time point.
TextSentencer_T2358 327971-328065 Sentence denotes Creatinine significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of T4, whereas SDMA did not.
T82464 327971-328065 Sentence denotes Creatinine significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of T4, whereas SDMA did not.
TextSentencer_T2359 328066-328159 Sentence denotes Both SDMA and creatinine concentrations increased during the immediate post-treatment period.
T97820 328066-328159 Sentence denotes Both SDMA and creatinine concentrations increased during the immediate post-treatment period.
TextSentencer_T2360 328160-328232 Sentence denotes During treatment creatinine continued to increase as cats gained weight.
T83137 328160-328232 Sentence denotes During treatment creatinine continued to increase as cats gained weight.
TextSentencer_T2361 328233-328331 Sentence denotes In contrast, SDMA remained stable during treatment and was comparable to age-matched control cats.
T38496 328233-328331 Sentence denotes In contrast, SDMA remained stable during treatment and was comparable to age-matched control cats.
TextSentencer_T2362 328332-328464 Sentence denotes Therefore, SDMA may be a more reliable biomarker of renal function than creatinine in hyperthyroid cats before and during treatment.
T1261 328332-328464 Sentence denotes Therefore, SDMA may be a more reliable biomarker of renal function than creatinine in hyperthyroid cats before and during treatment.
TextSentencer_T2363 328465-328647 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that the herbal supplement would be associated with increased urine volume and decreased urine saturation for calcium oxalate and struvite when compared with placebo.
T84497 328465-328647 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that the herbal supplement would be associated with increased urine volume and decreased urine saturation for calcium oxalate and struvite when compared with placebo.
TextSentencer_T2364 328648-328831 Sentence denotes Fourteen healthy client-owned dogs were evaluated using a randomized placebo cross-over study in a pairwise fashion, each dog receiving treatment every 12 hours for a two-week period.
T13246 328648-328831 Sentence denotes Fourteen healthy client-owned dogs were evaluated using a randomized placebo cross-over study in a pairwise fashion, each dog receiving treatment every 12 hours for a two-week period.
TextSentencer_T2365 328832-328925 Sentence denotes An approximate 12-hour voided urine sample was collected at the end of each treatment period.
T45523 328832-328925 Sentence denotes An approximate 12-hour voided urine sample was collected at the end of each treatment period.
TextSentencer_T2366 328926-329060 Sentence denotes Samples were analyzed for pH, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, citrate, oxalate, ammonia, and creatinine.
T88848 328926-329060 Sentence denotes Samples were analyzed for pH, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, citrate, oxalate, ammonia, and creatinine.
TextSentencer_T2367 329061-329221 Sentence denotes Relative supersaturation for calcium oxalate and struvite was estimated using an iterative computer program (EQUIL 93b, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL).
T70066 329061-329221 Sentence denotes Relative supersaturation for calcium oxalate and struvite was estimated using an iterative computer program (EQUIL 93b, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL).
TextSentencer_T2368 329222-329284 Sentence denotes Data were assessed for normal distribution using Shapiro-Wilk.
T30182 329222-329284 Sentence denotes Data were assessed for normal distribution using Shapiro-Wilk.
TextSentencer_T2369 329285-329406 Sentence denotes Paired t-test (normal distribution) or Wilcoxon signed rank (non-normal distribution) were used for statistical analysis.
T95603 329285-329406 Sentence denotes Paired t-test (normal distribution) or Wilcoxon signed rank (non-normal distribution) were used for statistical analysis.
TextSentencer_T2370 329407-329546 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed using 2-tailed statistical testing except for relative supersaturation and urine volume where 1-tailed testing was used.
T53044 329407-329546 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed using 2-tailed statistical testing except for relative supersaturation and urine volume where 1-tailed testing was used.
TextSentencer_T2371 329547-329591 Sentence denotes A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.
T53582 329547-329591 Sentence denotes A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.
TextSentencer_T2372 329592-329667 Sentence denotes Data from 10 dogs were used due to incomplete urine collection from 4 dogs.
T32465 329592-329667 Sentence denotes Data from 10 dogs were used due to incomplete urine collection from 4 dogs.
TextSentencer_T2373 329668-329798 Sentence denotes There were 7 females and 3 males including 4 Labrador mixes, 1 Havanese, 1 Pit bull, 1 Great Dane mix, and 3 mixed unknown breeds.
T59463 329668-329798 Sentence denotes There were 7 females and 3 males including 4 Labrador mixes, 1 Havanese, 1 Pit bull, 1 Great Dane mix, and 3 mixed unknown breeds.
TextSentencer_T2374 329799-329974 Sentence denotes Urine saturation for calcium oxalate was significantly lower when dogs received supplement compared with placebo (supplement = 2.30 +/-1.76, placebo = 3.50 +/-1.61; p= 0.047).
T33394 329799-329974 Sentence denotes Urine saturation for calcium oxalate was significantly lower when dogs received supplement compared with placebo (supplement = 2.30 +/-1.76, placebo = 3.50 +/-1.61; p= 0.047).
TextSentencer_T2375 329975-330049 Sentence denotes There were no differences in other analytes, body weight, or urine volume.
T51129 329975-330049 Sentence denotes There were no differences in other analytes, body weight, or urine volume.
TextSentencer_T2376 330050-330094 Sentence denotes There are several limitations of this study.
T52329 330050-330094 Sentence denotes There are several limitations of this study.
TextSentencer_T2377 330095-330192 Sentence denotes The study was of short duration and included a small number of healthy, non-urolith forming dogs.
T19798 330095-330192 Sentence denotes The study was of short duration and included a small number of healthy, non-urolith forming dogs.
TextSentencer_T2378 330193-330311 Sentence denotes Twelve hour urine samples were collected by owners at home, which may have introduced error in urine volume collected.
T78126 330193-330311 Sentence denotes Twelve hour urine samples were collected by owners at home, which may have introduced error in urine volume collected.
TextSentencer_T2379 330312-330452 Sentence denotes Additionally, urine was collected overnight and dogs did not drink although they had access resulting in collection of low volumes of urine.
T8594 330312-330452 Sentence denotes Additionally, urine was collected overnight and dogs did not drink although they had access resulting in collection of low volumes of urine.
TextSentencer_T2380 330453-330868 Sentence denotes There was a significant decrease in calcium oxalate supersaturation even with these limitations suggesting determination of relative PA using two agonists (adenosine diphosphate; ADP and arachidonic acid; ASPI) and a saline control was performed in six healthy clientowned dogs at baseline and 1 week following clopidogrel administration to establish cut-off values to identify responders (R) or nonresponders (NR).
T57402 330453-330868 Sentence denotes There was a significant decrease in calcium oxalate supersaturation even with these limitations suggesting determination of relative PA using two agonists (adenosine diphosphate; ADP and arachidonic acid; ASPI) and a saline control was performed in six healthy clientowned dogs at baseline and 1 week following clopidogrel administration to establish cut-off values to identify responders (R) or nonresponders (NR).
TextSentencer_T2381 330869-330957 Sentence denotes A decrease of ≥ 60% for ADP at 1 or 3 hours post clopidogrel administration defined a R.
T72101 330869-330957 Sentence denotes A decrease of ≥ 60% for ADP at 1 or 3 hours post clopidogrel administration defined a R.
TextSentencer_T2382 330958-331070 Sentence denotes PA was performed in PLN dogs at baseline and 1, 6, and 12 weeks following clopidogrel or aspirin administration.
T33360 330958-331070 Sentence denotes PA was performed in PLN dogs at baseline and 1, 6, and 12 weeks following clopidogrel or aspirin administration.
TextSentencer_T2383 331071-331213 Sentence denotes Drug concentrations and PA were measured at 1 and 3 hours post clopidogrel administration (at 1 week or 6 weeks) in both healthy and PLN dogs.
T67163 331071-331213 Sentence denotes Drug concentrations and PA were measured at 1 and 3 hours post clopidogrel administration (at 1 week or 6 weeks) in both healthy and PLN dogs.
TextSentencer_T2384 331214-331381 Sentence denotes Fourteen dogs were enrolled; ten PLN dogs received clopidogrel alone, three received aspirin alone, and one dog was started on aspirin but was switched to clopidogrel.
T74135 331214-331381 Sentence denotes Fourteen dogs were enrolled; ten PLN dogs received clopidogrel alone, three received aspirin alone, and one dog was started on aspirin but was switched to clopidogrel.
TextSentencer_T2385 331382-331603 Sentence denotes Repeated measures (RM) analysis (one-way ANOVA) was performed and subsequent time points (1, 6, and 12 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs is a common clinical entity characterized by a marked decrease in renal function.
T41092 331382-331603 Sentence denotes Repeated measures (RM) analysis (one-way ANOVA) was performed and subsequent time points (1, 6, and 12 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs is a common clinical entity characterized by a marked decrease in renal function.
TextSentencer_T2386 331604-331803 Sentence denotes In humans, there are several reports that uremia caused by renal failure affects the oral and fecal microbiomes, but there is a lack of information on the oral and fecal microbiomes in dogs with CKD.
T36053 331604-331803 Sentence denotes In humans, there are several reports that uremia caused by renal failure affects the oral and fecal microbiomes, but there is a lack of information on the oral and fecal microbiomes in dogs with CKD.
TextSentencer_T2387 331804-331923 Sentence denotes Therefore, the objective of the present study was to examine the changes in the oral and fecal microbiomes in CKD dogs.
T76520 331804-331923 Sentence denotes Therefore, the objective of the present study was to examine the changes in the oral and fecal microbiomes in CKD dogs.
TextSentencer_T2388 331924-332047 Sentence denotes Eleven dogs with CKD presenting with azotemia over 3 months and 9 healthy dogs were included in this case-controlled study.
T32721 331924-332047 Sentence denotes Eleven dogs with CKD presenting with azotemia over 3 months and 9 healthy dogs were included in this case-controlled study.
TextSentencer_T2389 332048-332155 Sentence denotes The oral swabs and fecal samples were analyzed by whole genome sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq platform.
T20875 332048-332155 Sentence denotes The oral swabs and fecal samples were analyzed by whole genome sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq platform.
TextSentencer_T2390 332156-332358 Sentence denotes Dyslipidemia affects up to 85% of humans with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has been associated with increased mortality and progression of CKD in addition to being a risk factor for CKD development.
T6352 332156-332358 Sentence denotes Dyslipidemia affects up to 85% of humans with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has been associated with increased mortality and progression of CKD in addition to being a risk factor for CKD development.
TextSentencer_T2391 332359-332473 Sentence denotes Altered lipoprotein profiles have been documented in dogs with CKD but this has not yet been investigated in cats.
T74982 332359-332473 Sentence denotes Altered lipoprotein profiles have been documented in dogs with CKD but this has not yet been investigated in cats.
TextSentencer_T2392 332474-332585 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to compare serum lipoprotein profiles between cats with CKD and healthy controls.
T20494 332474-332585 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to compare serum lipoprotein profiles between cats with CKD and healthy controls.
TextSentencer_T2393 332586-332754 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that cats with CKD would have higher total low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lower total high-density lipoprotein (HDL) when compared with healthy cats.
T81958 332586-332754 Sentence denotes We hypothesized that cats with CKD would have higher total low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lower total high-density lipoprotein (HDL) when compared with healthy cats.
TextSentencer_T2394 332755-332860 Sentence denotes Client-owned healthy cats and cats with naturally-occurring CKD were prospectively enrolled in the study.
T84737 332755-332860 Sentence denotes Client-owned healthy cats and cats with naturally-occurring CKD were prospectively enrolled in the study.
TextSentencer_T2395 332861-332996 Sentence denotes Healthy cats had a urine specific gravity of 1.035 or greater and a serum creatinine < 1.6 mg/dl or a normal S-dimethylarginine (SDMA).
T14915 332861-332996 Sentence denotes Healthy cats had a urine specific gravity of 1.035 or greater and a serum creatinine < 1.6 mg/dl or a normal S-dimethylarginine (SDMA).
TextSentencer_T2396 332997-333112 Sentence denotes Cats with CKD had a compatible clinical history, serum creatinine > 1.6 mg/dl and a urine specific gravity < 1.035.
T74749 332997-333112 Sentence denotes Cats with CKD had a compatible clinical history, serum creatinine > 1.6 mg/dl and a urine specific gravity < 1.035.
TextSentencer_T2397 333113-333259 Sentence denotes After a 12-hour fast, serum was collected for analysis of lipoprotein profiles using a continuous lipoprotein density profiling (CLPDP) technique.
T26825 333113-333259 Sentence denotes After a 12-hour fast, serum was collected for analysis of lipoprotein profiles using a continuous lipoprotein density profiling (CLPDP) technique.
TextSentencer_T2398 333260-333353 Sentence denotes Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were also measured using a commercial chemistry analyzer.
T48409 333260-333353 Sentence denotes Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were also measured using a commercial chemistry analyzer.
TextSentencer_T2399 333354-333483 Sentence denotes Area under the curves for triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL), total LDL and total HDL were calculated for statistical analysis.
T35221 333354-333483 Sentence denotes Area under the curves for triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL), total LDL and total HDL were calculated for statistical analysis.
TextSentencer_T2400 333484-333568 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon rank sum test with significance set at P < 0.05.
T83400 333484-333568 Sentence denotes Data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon rank sum test with significance set at P < 0.05.
TextSentencer_T2401 333569-333640 Sentence denotes Thirteen cats with CKD and six healthy controls met inclusion criteria.
T43535 333569-333640 Sentence denotes Thirteen cats with CKD and six healthy controls met inclusion criteria.
TextSentencer_T2402 333641-333838 Sentence denotes Based on creatinine values at the time of study enrollment, 11/13 cats with CKD were classified as International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 2 and 2/13 cats were classified as IRIS stage 3.
T49708 333641-333838 Sentence denotes Based on creatinine values at the time of study enrollment, 11/13 cats with CKD were classified as International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 2 and 2/13 cats were classified as IRIS stage 3.
TextSentencer_T2403 333839-334019 Sentence denotes Triglyceride rich lipoproteins, total LDL and total HDL were not significantly different between cats with CKD and healthy controls (P = 0.187, P = 0.218, P = 0.065, respectively).
T65880 333839-334019 Sentence denotes Triglyceride rich lipoproteins, total LDL and total HDL were not significantly different between cats with CKD and healthy controls (P = 0.187, P = 0.218, P = 0.065, respectively).
TextSentencer_T2404 334020-334223 Sentence denotes Serum cholesterol concentrations and serum triglyceride concentrations were within reference range for all cats and were not significantly different between groups (P =0.484 and P = 0.080, respectively).
T57538 334020-334223 Sentence denotes Serum cholesterol concentrations and serum triglyceride concentrations were within reference range for all cats and were not significantly different between groups (P =0.484 and P = 0.080, respectively).
TextSentencer_T2405 334224-334401 Sentence denotes This study suggests that dyslipidemia may not occur in cats with CKD and implies a possible difference in the pathophysiology of CKD in cats relative to that of dogs and humans.
T88301 334224-334401 Sentence denotes This study suggests that dyslipidemia may not occur in cats with CKD and implies a possible difference in the pathophysiology of CKD in cats relative to that of dogs and humans.
TextSentencer_T2406 334402-334566 Sentence denotes Further studies with a larger sample size and cats with more advanced CKD are needed to confirm our findings. available to evaluate the efficacy of drug treatments.
T14959 334402-334566 Sentence denotes Further studies with a larger sample size and cats with more advanced CKD are needed to confirm our findings. available to evaluate the efficacy of drug treatments.
TextSentencer_T2407 334567-334717 Sentence denotes In humans, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to follow ADPKD progression by evaluating total kidney volume (TKV).
T40193 334567-334717 Sentence denotes In humans, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to follow ADPKD progression by evaluating total kidney volume (TKV).
TextSentencer_T2408 334718-334857 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of biomarkers and imaging modalities to evaluate disease progression in feline ADPKD.
T66172 334718-334857 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of biomarkers and imaging modalities to evaluate disease progression in feline ADPKD.
TextSentencer_T2409 334858-334957 Sentence denotes Eleven ADPKD cats with the c.10063C>A PKD1 mutation were imaged using ultrasonography, CT, and MRI.
T98290 334858-334957 Sentence denotes Eleven ADPKD cats with the c.10063C>A PKD1 mutation were imaged using ultrasonography, CT, and MRI.
TextSentencer_T2410 334958-335078 Sentence denotes CBC, serum chemistry, urianalysis, symmetric dimethylarginine levels, and glomerular filtration rate were also measured.
T63091 334958-335078 Sentence denotes CBC, serum chemistry, urianalysis, symmetric dimethylarginine levels, and glomerular filtration rate were also measured.
TextSentencer_T2411 335079-335176 Sentence denotes All ADPKD cats were clinically normal except for the presence of multiple, bilateral renal cysts.
T62898 335079-335176 Sentence denotes All ADPKD cats were clinically normal except for the presence of multiple, bilateral renal cysts.
TextSentencer_T2412 335177-335252 Sentence denotes TKV measured by CT correlated with estimates using ultrasonography and MRI.
T40290 335177-335252 Sentence denotes TKV measured by CT correlated with estimates using ultrasonography and MRI.
TextSentencer_T2413 335253-335285 Sentence denotes TKV had no correlation with age.
T16433 335253-335285 Sentence denotes TKV had no correlation with age.
TextSentencer_T2414 335286-335487 Sentence denotes Fractional cyst volume (FCV) (0.01 -0.28 ml) were obtained from CT and had a moderate correlation with age (15.12 -97.08 months), with a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0.627, and p = 0.044.
T2363 335286-335487 Sentence denotes Fractional cyst volume (FCV) (0.01 -0.28 ml) were obtained from CT and had a moderate correlation with age (15.12 -97.08 months), with a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0.627, and p = 0.044.
TextSentencer_T2415 335488-335525 Sentence denotes However, FCV per age showed outliers.
T55161 335488-335525 Sentence denotes However, FCV per age showed outliers.
TextSentencer_T2416 335526-335750 Sentence denotes Renal cysts are known to increase over time in cats with ADPKD, however, this data indicates cysts progress at different rates as determined by CT-based FCV per age and cats do not have significant increases with age in TKV.
T74756 335526-335750 Sentence denotes Renal cysts are known to increase over time in cats with ADPKD, however, this data indicates cysts progress at different rates as determined by CT-based FCV per age and cats do not have significant increases with age in TKV.
TextSentencer_T2417 335751-335867 Sentence denotes Variable FCV per age supports disease progression is individual and suggests modifiers likely influence progression.
T68937 335751-335867 Sentence denotes Variable FCV per age supports disease progression is individual and suggests modifiers likely influence progression.
TextSentencer_T2418 335868-335982 Sentence denotes FCV can evaluate disease progression of feline ADPKD and characterize the therapeutic efficacy of drugs for ADPKD.
T70660 335868-335982 Sentence denotes FCV can evaluate disease progression of feline ADPKD and characterize the therapeutic efficacy of drugs for ADPKD.
TextSentencer_T2419 335983-336178 Sentence denotes One component of assessing chronic kidney disease in cats is creatinine (Cr) concentration in blood and urine measured using an automated system based on the Jaffé reaction or enzyme-based assay.
T86119 335983-336178 Sentence denotes One component of assessing chronic kidney disease in cats is creatinine (Cr) concentration in blood and urine measured using an automated system based on the Jaffé reaction or enzyme-based assay.
TextSentencer_T2420 336179-336322 Sentence denotes Evidence from other species suggests Cr is over-estimated with the Jaffé reaction, but it is not clear if this assumption is accurate for cats.
T35111 336179-336322 Sentence denotes Evidence from other species suggests Cr is over-estimated with the Jaffé reaction, but it is not clear if this assumption is accurate for cats.
TextSentencer_T2421 336323-336498 Sentence denotes This study compared these 2 automated assay methods, with a -0.3 mg/dL correction as part of the Jaffé methodology, to measure Cr concentration in serum (SCr) and urine (UCr).
T90704 336323-336498 Sentence denotes This study compared these 2 automated assay methods, with a -0.3 mg/dL correction as part of the Jaffé methodology, to measure Cr concentration in serum (SCr) and urine (UCr).
TextSentencer_T2422 336499-336687 Sentence denotes Cr data was used with voided urine volume (Uvol) to calculate endogenous creatinine glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and compared to serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations.
T61200 336499-336687 Sentence denotes Cr data was used with voided urine volume (Uvol) to calculate endogenous creatinine glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and compared to serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations.
TextSentencer_T2423 336688-336907 Sentence denotes Forty-eight-hr Uvol from healthy, domestic shorthair cats (N = 45 [23 males/22 females]; 7.8 yrs ± 2.0 SD) occurred while individually housed with inert litter and finished with blood sample collection for SCr and SDMA.
T86917 336688-336907 Sentence denotes Forty-eight-hr Uvol from healthy, domestic shorthair cats (N = 45 [23 males/22 females]; 7.8 yrs ± 2.0 SD) occurred while individually housed with inert litter and finished with blood sample collection for SCr and SDMA.
TextSentencer_T2424 336908-336955 Sentence denotes GFR was determined using both Cr assay methods.
T36 336908-336955 Sentence denotes GFR was determined using both Cr assay methods.
TextSentencer_T2425 336956-337114 Sentence denotes Mean Jaffé reaction SCr, UCr, and GFR are overestimated (P = 0.002), UCr (P = 0.04) with the overestimation becoming greater with increasing Cr concentration.
T561 336956-337114 Sentence denotes Mean Jaffé reaction SCr, UCr, and GFR are overestimated (P = 0.002), UCr (P = 0.04) with the overestimation becoming greater with increasing Cr concentration.
TextSentencer_T2426 337115-337299 Sentence denotes The overall mean ± SE (min-max range) of SCr, UCr, and GFR based on the enzyme method was 1.6 ± 0.2 mg/dL (1.1-2.1), 323 ± 59 mg/dL (184-457), and 1.10 ± 0.37 mL/min/kg BW (0.46-1.86).
T85340 337115-337299 Sentence denotes The overall mean ± SE (min-max range) of SCr, UCr, and GFR based on the enzyme method was 1.6 ± 0.2 mg/dL (1.1-2.1), 323 ± 59 mg/dL (184-457), and 1.10 ± 0.37 mL/min/kg BW (0.46-1.86).
TextSentencer_T2427 337300-337511 Sentence denotes UCr and GFR did not differ with age or sex, whereas SCr differed with age (P = 0.04), but not sex (P = 0.74), as older cats had lower SCr (1.49 ± 0.06; 8-14 yrs) versus middle-aged cats (1.64 ± 0.04; 4-7.5 yrs).
T96025 337300-337511 Sentence denotes UCr and GFR did not differ with age or sex, whereas SCr differed with age (P = 0.04), but not sex (P = 0.74), as older cats had lower SCr (1.49 ± 0.06; 8-14 yrs) versus middle-aged cats (1.64 ± 0.04; 4-7.5 yrs).
TextSentencer_T2428 337512-337537 Sentence denotes In addition, Uvol (range:
T52685 337512-337537 Sentence denotes In addition, Uvol (range:
TextSentencer_T2429 337538-337571 Sentence denotes 3.4-18.4 mL/kg/d) and USG (range:
T73275 337538-337571 Sentence denotes 3.4-18.4 mL/kg/d) and USG (range:
TextSentencer_T2430 337572-337642 Sentence denotes 1.028-1.070 g/mL) did not differ with age or sex, whereas SDMA (range:
T49568 337572-337642 Sentence denotes 1.028-1.070 g/mL) did not differ with age or sex, whereas SDMA (range:
TextSentencer_T2431 337643-337789 Sentence denotes 6-21 ug/dL) differed with age (P = 0.032), but not sex (P =0.13), with lower SDMA in older (12.1 ± 0.7 SE) versus middle-aged cats(14.5 ± 0.8 SE).
T13450 337643-337789 Sentence denotes 6-21 ug/dL) differed with age (P = 0.032), but not sex (P =0.13), with lower SDMA in older (12.1 ± 0.7 SE) versus middle-aged cats(14.5 ± 0.8 SE).
TextSentencer_T2432 337790-338023 Sentence denotes Therefore, as part of the framework to successfully manage CKD in cats over time, selecting diagnostic laboratories that measure Cr using the enzyme method appears to improve accuracy by eliminating the detection of non-Cr compounds.
T83104 337790-338023 Sentence denotes Therefore, as part of the framework to successfully manage CKD in cats over time, selecting diagnostic laboratories that measure Cr using the enzyme method appears to improve accuracy by eliminating the detection of non-Cr compounds.
TextSentencer_T2433 338024-338171 Sentence denotes This is particularly important as these data demonstrate that Cr is increasingly overestimated with the Jaffe method as Cr concentrations increase.
T95902 338024-338171 Sentence denotes This is particularly important as these data demonstrate that Cr is increasingly overestimated with the Jaffe method as Cr concentrations increase.
TextSentencer_T2434 338172-338359 Sentence denotes Intermittent fasting (IF) has numerous benefits in some species, including increased insulin sensitivity, and improved neuronal repair following spinal injury from an increase in ketones.
T16345 338172-338359 Sentence denotes Intermittent fasting (IF) has numerous benefits in some species, including increased insulin sensitivity, and improved neuronal repair following spinal injury from an increase in ketones.
TextSentencer_T2435 338360-338474 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to examine the immunological, metabolic and hormonal effects associated with IF in dogs.
T77741 338360-338474 Sentence denotes The aim of this study was to examine the immunological, metabolic and hormonal effects associated with IF in dogs.
TextSentencer_T2436 338475-338688 Sentence denotes Ten healthy dogs underwent three, 1-week isocaloric feeding regimens in a Latin square design: daily low-fat feeding (20% kcal ME; DLF), IF on a low-fat diet (IFLF), and IF on a high-fat (70% kcal ME) diet (IFHF).
T83862 338475-338688 Sentence denotes Ten healthy dogs underwent three, 1-week isocaloric feeding regimens in a Latin square design: daily low-fat feeding (20% kcal ME; DLF), IF on a low-fat diet (IFLF), and IF on a high-fat (70% kcal ME) diet (IFHF).
TextSentencer_T2437 338689-338910 Sentence denotes Body weight, intake, activity, lymphocyte proliferation, macrophage/neutrophil phagocytosis and respiratory burst, along with fasting blood glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHOB), leptin, ghrelin, and insulin were measured.
T71676 338689-338910 Sentence denotes Body weight, intake, activity, lymphocyte proliferation, macrophage/neutrophil phagocytosis and respiratory burst, along with fasting blood glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHOB), leptin, ghrelin, and insulin were measured.
TextSentencer_T2438 338911-338989 Sentence denotes NMR spectroscopy was used to identify changes in the fasted plasma metabolome.
T15499 338911-338989 Sentence denotes NMR spectroscopy was used to identify changes in the fasted plasma metabolome.
TextSentencer_T2439 338990-339081 Sentence denotes Dogs on the IFLF lost weight [mean (±SD) (-1.7 ± 1.5%)] from a lower voluntary food intake.
T72299 338990-339081 Sentence denotes Dogs on the IFLF lost weight [mean (±SD) (-1.7 ± 1.5%)] from a lower voluntary food intake.
TextSentencer_T2440 339082-339157 Sentence denotes Dogs were more active at night when fed daily than when fed intermittently.
T77279 339082-339157 Sentence denotes Dogs were more active at night when fed daily than when fed intermittently.
TextSentencer_T2441 339158-339293 Sentence denotes Mean fasting BHOB concentrations were highest during the IFHD phase (0.061 ± 0.023mM) and lowest during the DLD phase (0.018 ±0.004mM).
T40335 339158-339293 Sentence denotes Mean fasting BHOB concentrations were highest during the IFHD phase (0.061 ± 0.023mM) and lowest during the DLD phase (0.018 ±0.004mM).
TextSentencer_T2442 339294-339384 Sentence denotes Mean fasting plasma glucose was greatest when fed daily, and lowest during the IFHD phase.
T54 339294-339384 Sentence denotes Mean fasting plasma glucose was greatest when fed daily, and lowest during the IFHD phase.
TextSentencer_T2443 339385-339451 Sentence denotes Intermittent and daily feeding separated on metabolomics analysis.
T37198 339385-339451 Sentence denotes Intermittent and daily feeding separated on metabolomics analysis.
TextSentencer_T2444 339452-339583 Sentence denotes Hormone concentrations did not differ, nor were there biologically significant differences in immune assays between dietary phases.
T8139 339452-339583 Sentence denotes Hormone concentrations did not differ, nor were there biologically significant differences in immune assays between dietary phases.
TextSentencer_T2445 339584-339689 Sentence denotes Unlike humans and rodents, short term fasting in dogs does not produce detrimental immunological effects.
T7510 339584-339689 Sentence denotes Unlike humans and rodents, short term fasting in dogs does not produce detrimental immunological effects.
TextSentencer_T2446 339690-339830 Sentence denotes The increase in plasma BHOB with IF on a high fat diet highlights its potential as a beneficial feeding regime for dogs with spinal disease.
T54635 339690-339830 Sentence denotes The increase in plasma BHOB with IF on a high fat diet highlights its potential as a beneficial feeding regime for dogs with spinal disease.
TextSentencer_T2447 339831-339992 Sentence denotes Obesity has become the most common health problem and can reduce longevity, increase risk of many chronic diseases, and adversely affect quality of life in dogs.
T78584 339831-339992 Sentence denotes Obesity has become the most common health problem and can reduce longevity, increase risk of many chronic diseases, and adversely affect quality of life in dogs.
TextSentencer_T2448 339993-340123 Sentence denotes Continuous caloric restriction (CCR) regimens have been applied for obesity treatment by creating a daily negative energy balance.
T35607 339993-340123 Sentence denotes Continuous caloric restriction (CCR) regimens have been applied for obesity treatment by creating a daily negative energy balance.
TextSentencer_T2449 340124-340283 Sentence denotes However, CCR leads to decreased energy expenditure, which makes it difficult to continue to lose excess body fat and to maintain body weight after weight loss.
T72139 340124-340283 Sentence denotes However, CCR leads to decreased energy expenditure, which makes it difficult to continue to lose excess body fat and to maintain body weight after weight loss.
TextSentencer_T2450 340284-340489 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to compare the effect of CCR to an intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) regimen on body fat loss, and post-weight loss maintenance energy requirement (MERs) in obese dogs.
T5493 340284-340489 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to compare the effect of CCR to an intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) regimen on body fat loss, and post-weight loss maintenance energy requirement (MERs) in obese dogs.
TextSentencer_T2451 340490-340607 Sentence denotes Thirty naturally obese dogs with BCS of 9 were randomized into two groups based on MERs, body weight, and % body fat.
T52893 340490-340607 Sentence denotes Thirty naturally obese dogs with BCS of 9 were randomized into two groups based on MERs, body weight, and % body fat.
TextSentencer_T2452 340608-340827 Sentence denotes Dogs in the CCR group were fed 75% of their baseline MERs for 6 months, while the dogs in the ICR group were fed with the repeats of 75% baseline MERs for one week, and then 100% baseline MERs for one week for 6 months.
T86532 340608-340827 Sentence denotes Dogs in the CCR group were fed 75% of their baseline MERs for 6 months, while the dogs in the ICR group were fed with the repeats of 75% baseline MERs for one week, and then 100% baseline MERs for one week for 6 months.
TextSentencer_T2453 340828-340934 Sentence denotes Then, the caloric restriction in both groups was adjusted to 65% of baseline MERs for 2 additional months.
T33353 340828-340934 Sentence denotes Then, the caloric restriction in both groups was adjusted to 65% of baseline MERs for 2 additional months.
TextSentencer_T2454 340935-341039 Sentence denotes ICR and CCR led to similar % body fat at the end of the study (35.40%± 1.38 vs 33.89% ± 1.52, p > 0.05).
T32638 340935-341039 Sentence denotes ICR and CCR led to similar % body fat at the end of the study (35.40%± 1.38 vs 33.89% ± 1.52, p > 0.05).
TextSentencer_T2455 341040-341169 Sentence denotes Dogs in the CCR group significantly (p = 0.0005) lowered their post-weight loss MERs by 17.92% compared with their baseline MERs.
T67098 341040-341169 Sentence denotes Dogs in the CCR group significantly (p = 0.0005) lowered their post-weight loss MERs by 17.92% compared with their baseline MERs.
TextSentencer_T2456 341170-341271 Sentence denotes However, dogs in the ICR group numerically increased their post-weight loss MERs by 3.43% (p = 0.08).
T70766 341170-341271 Sentence denotes However, dogs in the ICR group numerically increased their post-weight loss MERs by 3.43% (p = 0.08).
TextSentencer_T2457 341272-341424 Sentence denotes Obesity and diabetes are leading nutrition-related disorders among pets in North America and have significant impacts on animal morbidity and mortality.
T22762 341272-341424 Sentence denotes Obesity and diabetes are leading nutrition-related disorders among pets in North America and have significant impacts on animal morbidity and mortality.
TextSentencer_T2458 341425-341632 Sentence denotes The glycemic index (GI), a measure of post-prandial blood glucose response, has been shown in humans to significantly impact glucose control, insulin sensitivity, weight management, and chronic disease risk.
T90037 341425-341632 Sentence denotes The glycemic index (GI), a measure of post-prandial blood glucose response, has been shown in humans to significantly impact glucose control, insulin sensitivity, weight management, and chronic disease risk.
TextSentencer_T2459 341633-341895 Sentence denotes The purpose of this research was to determine the GI of commercially available pet foods containing different carbohydrate sources; in addition, the effects on postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response and hormones related to satiety were also investigated.
T57978 341633-341895 Sentence denotes The purpose of this research was to determine the GI of commercially available pet foods containing different carbohydrate sources; in addition, the effects on postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response and hormones related to satiety were also investigated.
TextSentencer_T2460 341896-341981 Sentence denotes Four commercial extruded diets containing different carbohydrate sources were tested.
T83115 341896-341981 Sentence denotes Four commercial extruded diets containing different carbohydrate sources were tested.
TextSentencer_T2461 341982-342205 Sentence denotes The diets were classified based on the type of carbohydrate sources they contained: traditional grains (corn, wheat), whole grains (oats, rye, barley), grain-free (peas, lentils, chickpeas) or vegan (no animal ingredients).
T21189 341982-342205 Sentence denotes The diets were classified based on the type of carbohydrate sources they contained: traditional grains (corn, wheat), whole grains (oats, rye, barley), grain-free (peas, lentils, chickpeas) or vegan (no animal ingredients).
TextSentencer_T2462 342206-342371 Sentence denotes Each diet was tested once in eleven healthy adult Siberian Huskies and the control (50% glucose solution) was tested twice per dog in a randomized cross-over design.
T74775 342206-342371 Sentence denotes Each diet was tested once in eleven healthy adult Siberian Huskies and the control (50% glucose solution) was tested twice per dog in a randomized cross-over design.
TextSentencer_T2463 342372-342433 Sentence denotes Each meal and control provided 25g of available carbohydrate.
T76866 342372-342433 Sentence denotes Each meal and control provided 25g of available carbohydrate.
TextSentencer_T2464 342434-342608 Sentence denotes Pre-and postprandial blood samples at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes were collected to measure whole blood glucose concentrations using a handheld blood glucose monitor.
T79476 342434-342608 Sentence denotes Pre-and postprandial blood samples at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes were collected to measure whole blood glucose concentrations using a handheld blood glucose monitor.
TextSentencer_T2465 342609-342876 Sentence denotes Serum insulin, ghrelin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), leptin, total peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations were also analysed at these time points using a magnetic bead multiplex assay.
T47695 342609-342876 Sentence denotes Serum insulin, ghrelin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), leptin, total peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations were also analysed at these time points using a magnetic bead multiplex assay.
TextSentencer_T2466 342877-343034 Sentence denotes Glycemic index was calculated as the post-prandial incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose of each test diet, divided by the iAUC of the control.
T848 342877-343034 Sentence denotes Glycemic index was calculated as the post-prandial incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose of each test diet, divided by the iAUC of the control.
TextSentencer_T2467 343035-343086 Sentence denotes Glycemic indices were compared using two-way ANOVA.
T78581 343035-343086 Sentence denotes Glycemic indices were compared using two-way ANOVA.
TextSentencer_T2468 343087-343216 Sentence denotes Concentrations of glucose, insulin and satiety hormones over time were compared between treatments using repeated-measures ANOVA.
T68574 343087-343216 Sentence denotes Concentrations of glucose, insulin and satiety hormones over time were compared between treatments using repeated-measures ANOVA.
TextSentencer_T2469 343217-343302 Sentence denotes This study was approved by the University of Guelph Animal Care Committee (AUP#3650).
T85038 343217-343302 Sentence denotes This study was approved by the University of Guelph Animal Care Committee (AUP#3650).
TextSentencer_T2470 343303-343404 Sentence denotes The effect of diet on GI was insignificant (p = 0.589), although numerical differences were observed.
T66411 343303-343404 Sentence denotes The effect of diet on GI was insignificant (p = 0.589), although numerical differences were observed.
TextSentencer_T2471 343405-343550 Sentence denotes The diet containing traditional grains presented the highest GI of 76.9 ± 18.3, while the grain-free diet presented the lowest GI of 50.5 ± 13.1.
T93066 343405-343550 Sentence denotes The diet containing traditional grains presented the highest GI of 76.9 ± 18.3, while the grain-free diet presented the lowest GI of 50.5 ± 13.1.
TextSentencer_T2472 343551-343645 Sentence denotes The whole grain diet and vegan diet had GI values of 60.8 ± 7.4 and 71.4 ± 17.3, respectively.
T46027 343551-343645 Sentence denotes The whole grain diet and vegan diet had GI values of 60.8 ± 7.4 and 71.4 ± 17.3, respectively.
TextSentencer_T2473 343646-343802 Sentence denotes No significant effects of diet were observed for postprandial glycemic response, insulinemic response or on any of the satiety hormones measured (p > 0.05).
T43385 343646-343802 Sentence denotes No significant effects of diet were observed for postprandial glycemic response, insulinemic response or on any of the satiety hormones measured (p > 0.05).
TextSentencer_T2474 343803-343971 Sentence denotes The lack of observed differences could be related to the gelatinization of starch during extrusion processing, resulting in a high content of rapidly digestible starch.
T95764 343803-343971 Sentence denotes The lack of observed differences could be related to the gelatinization of starch during extrusion processing, resulting in a high content of rapidly digestible starch.
TextSentencer_T2475 343972-344118 Sentence denotes These results suggest that different carbohydrate sources in commercial extruded diets may not have a significant effect on GI or satiety in dogs.
T31496 343972-344118 Sentence denotes These results suggest that different carbohydrate sources in commercial extruded diets may not have a significant effect on GI or satiety in dogs.
TextSentencer_T2476 344119-344369 Sentence denotes Further research investigating the appropriateness of using the GI methodology in humans is necessary due to the high variability in postprandial glucose response observed in this study, and the unknown health benefits of low glycaemic foods in dogs.
T76641 344119-344369 Sentence denotes Further research investigating the appropriateness of using the GI methodology in humans is necessary due to the high variability in postprandial glucose response observed in this study, and the unknown health benefits of low glycaemic foods in dogs.
TextSentencer_T2477 344370-344569 Sentence denotes Water intake and hydration were evaluated in healthy dogs offered a nutrient-enriched water (NW) supplement while fed a maintenance dry food to maintain BW with ad libitum tap water (TW) in a bucket.
T59063 344370-344569 Sentence denotes Water intake and hydration were evaluated in healthy dogs offered a nutrient-enriched water (NW) supplement while fed a maintenance dry food to maintain BW with ad libitum tap water (TW) in a bucket.
TextSentencer_T2478 344570-344753 Sentence denotes Baseline (day -7) urine specific gravity (USG) was analyzed in Beagles (N = 30; 2-11 years) and 16 were selected with ≥ 1.015 USG, then equally divided into 2 groups balanced for USG.
T56417 344570-344753 Sentence denotes Baseline (day -7) urine specific gravity (USG) was analyzed in Beagles (N = 30; 2-11 years) and 16 were selected with ≥ 1.015 USG, then equally divided into 2 groups balanced for USG.
TextSentencer_T2479 344754-344867 Sentence denotes Groups received either TW or NW (containing whey protein, poultry flavoring, and glycerol) in a bowl for 56 days.
T2050 344754-344867 Sentence denotes Groups received either TW or NW (containing whey protein, poultry flavoring, and glycerol) in a bowl for 56 days.
TextSentencer_T2480 344868-345018 Sentence denotes Dose for each dog was 0.5:1 water-to-calorie ratio (mL:kcal ME/d) from days 1-49 and 2:1 mL:kcal ME/d for days 50-56 based on baseline calorie intake.
T85263 344868-345018 Sentence denotes Dose for each dog was 0.5:1 water-to-calorie ratio (mL:kcal ME/d) from days 1-49 and 2:1 mL:kcal ME/d for days 50-56 based on baseline calorie intake.
TextSentencer_T2481 345019-345175 Sentence denotes Food calorie and total liquid intake (TLI; g/d; sum of NW or TW in a bowl and bucket water) recorded daily and used to calculate weekly mean intake amounts.
T29898 345019-345175 Sentence denotes Food calorie and total liquid intake (TLI; g/d; sum of NW or TW in a bowl and bucket water) recorded daily and used to calculate weekly mean intake amounts.
TextSentencer_T2482 345176-345216 Sentence denotes USG was measured on days -7, 14, 42, 56.
T23305 345176-345216 Sentence denotes USG was measured on days -7, 14, 42, 56.
TextSentencer_T2483 345217-345332 Sentence denotes Linear mixed effects models were performed with main effects of treatment, time, and time-by-treatment interaction.
T12435 345217-345332 Sentence denotes Linear mixed effects models were performed with main effects of treatment, time, and time-by-treatment interaction.
TextSentencer_T2484 345333-345377 Sentence denotes Calorie intake was not different (P > 0.49).
T57073 345333-345377 Sentence denotes Calorie intake was not different (P > 0.49).
TextSentencer_T2485 345378-345453 Sentence denotes A time-by-treatment interaction was significant (P = 0.07) versus baseline.
T98770 345378-345453 Sentence denotes A time-by-treatment interaction was significant (P = 0.07) versus baseline.
TextSentencer_T2486 345454-345552 Sentence denotes A significant (P < 0.01) on days 42 (1.018 g/mL) and 56 (1.014 g/mL) versus baseline (1.026 g/mL).
T39487 345454-345552 Sentence denotes A significant (P < 0.01) on days 42 (1.018 g/mL) and 56 (1.014 g/mL) versus baseline (1.026 g/mL).
TextSentencer_T2487 345553-345752 Sentence denotes This study indicates that all dogs offered the NW supplement, while having free access to TW, increased their TLI and produced a more dilute urine, which suggests an improvement in overall hydration.
T21291 345553-345752 Sentence denotes This study indicates that all dogs offered the NW supplement, while having free access to TW, increased their TLI and produced a more dilute urine, which suggests an improvement in overall hydration.
TextSentencer_T2488 345753-345914 Sentence denotes Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that results in hyperglycemia and hyperlipidaemia by insulin deficiency, sometimes leading to fatal (NM07) complications.
T74523 345753-345914 Sentence denotes Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that results in hyperglycemia and hyperlipidaemia by insulin deficiency, sometimes leading to fatal (NM07) complications.
TextSentencer_T2489 345915-346027 Sentence denotes In this study we evaluated the effect of pea and barley as only starch source on lipid profile of diabetic dogs.
T74952 345915-346027 Sentence denotes In this study we evaluated the effect of pea and barley as only starch source on lipid profile of diabetic dogs.
TextSentencer_T2490 346028-346150 Sentence denotes Twelve diabetic dogs received, randomly and by a double blind way, three diets differenced by fat level and starch source:
T79046 346028-346150 Sentence denotes Twelve diabetic dogs received, randomly and by a double blind way, three diets differenced by fat level and starch source:
TextSentencer_T2491 346151-346254 Sentence denotes Ba (mix of rice, pea and barley; 6.7 g of fat/1000kJ), PB (pea and barley; 9.6 g) and Co (corn; 9.8 g).
T27233 346151-346254 Sentence denotes Ba (mix of rice, pea and barley; 6.7 g of fat/1000kJ), PB (pea and barley; 9.6 g) and Co (corn; 9.8 g).
TextSentencer_T2492 346255-346451 Sentence denotes A plasmatic cholesterol and triglycerides curve was performed, every 2 hours for 10 hours beginning immediately before the morning meal and insulin injection, after 60 days of each diet treatment.
T85643 346255-346451 Sentence denotes A plasmatic cholesterol and triglycerides curve was performed, every 2 hours for 10 hours beginning immediately before the morning meal and insulin injection, after 60 days of each diet treatment.
TextSentencer_T2493 346452-346617 Sentence denotes Statistical tests were performed and p Pea and barley-based diet caused lesser plasmatic lipid concentration, mainly cholesterol, comparably to corn diet (table 1) .
T12661 346452-346617 Sentence denotes Statistical tests were performed and p Pea and barley-based diet caused lesser plasmatic lipid concentration, mainly cholesterol, comparably to corn diet (table 1) .
TextSentencer_T2494 346618-346733 Sentence denotes PB diet results the same lipid value that Ba diet, allowing decrease of lipids levels with higher fat content diet.
T66437 346618-346733 Sentence denotes PB diet results the same lipid value that Ba diet, allowing decrease of lipids levels with higher fat content diet.
TextSentencer_T2495 346734-346904 Sentence denotes Probably it happened due to better glycemic control of diabetic dog receiving slow assimilation starch, and to phenolics compounds presents in pea and barley ingredients.
T7478 346734-346904 Sentence denotes Probably it happened due to better glycemic control of diabetic dog receiving slow assimilation starch, and to phenolics compounds presents in pea and barley ingredients.
TextSentencer_T2496 346905-347174 Sentence denotes Then, we believe that pea and barley could be interesting starch source to hyperlipidemic diabetic dogs. shadow trends in human nutrition, and a perception exists among veterinarians that many pet owners now prefer 'natural'; and 'holistic'; diets over processed foods.
T13170 346905-347174 Sentence denotes Then, we believe that pea and barley could be interesting starch source to hyperlipidemic diabetic dogs. shadow trends in human nutrition, and a perception exists among veterinarians that many pet owners now prefer 'natural'; and 'holistic'; diets over processed foods.
TextSentencer_T2497 347175-347328 Sentence denotes The purpose of the study was to determine what and how dog and cat owners feed their pets and compare to a study published ten years ago (Laflamme et al.
T96098 347175-347328 Sentence denotes The purpose of the study was to determine what and how dog and cat owners feed their pets and compare to a study published ten years ago (Laflamme et al.
TextSentencer_T2498 347329-347336 Sentence denotes 2008) .
T61705 347329-347336 Sentence denotes 2008) .
TextSentencer_T2499 347337-347377 Sentence denotes Both studies involved pet owner surveys:
T58471 347337-347377 Sentence denotes Both studies involved pet owner surveys:
TextSentencer_T2500 347378-347618 Sentence denotes Laflamme and colleagues'; 2008 questionnaire was administered by students over the phone to randomly selected telephone directories, while this present questionnaire was administered online and was distributed to pet owners on social media.
T66182 347378-347618 Sentence denotes Laflamme and colleagues'; 2008 questionnaire was administered by students over the phone to randomly selected telephone directories, while this present questionnaire was administered online and was distributed to pet owners on social media.
TextSentencer_T2501 347619-347895 Sentence denotes The survey was promoted to general pet owning and pet appreciation groups and not to veterinary, nutrition or other special interest groups, and was open for sharing to reach a wide audience and acquire a sample representative of the general population of pets and pet owners.
T46266 347619-347895 Sentence denotes The survey was promoted to general pet owning and pet appreciation groups and not to veterinary, nutrition or other special interest groups, and was open for sharing to reach a wide audience and acquire a sample representative of the general population of pets and pet owners.
TextSentencer_T2502 347896-347996 Sentence denotes The study was approved by the research ethics boards of participating institutions (REB #17-08-029).
T97375 347896-347996 Sentence denotes The study was approved by the research ethics boards of participating institutions (REB #17-08-029).
TextSentencer_T2503 347997-348175 Sentence denotes Descriptive data were reported as percentages, while significant differences between the two studies were determined using Chi Square analysis, with significance set at P < 0.05.
T34773 347997-348175 Sentence denotes Descriptive data were reported as percentages, while significant differences between the two studies were determined using Chi Square analysis, with significance set at P < 0.05.
TextSentencer_T2504 348176-348257 Sentence denotes Information from Australia and the United States only were included for analysis.
T52770 348176-348257 Sentence denotes Information from Australia and the United States only were included for analysis.
TextSentencer_T2505 348258-348318 Sentence denotes The results of both surveys are summarised in Table 1 below.
T80875 348258-348318 Sentence denotes The results of both surveys are summarised in Table 1 below.
TextSentencer_T2506 348319-348670 Sentence denotes Where data were comparable, significant differences in feeding practices over time included: increase in feeding homemade and raw diets, decrease in daily feeding of treats, and decrease in feeding a commercial diet as the main food source in both dogs and cats; while an increase in exclusive feeding of homemade diets was also detected in cats only.
T6437 348319-348670 Sentence denotes Where data were comparable, significant differences in feeding practices over time included: increase in feeding homemade and raw diets, decrease in daily feeding of treats, and decrease in feeding a commercial diet as the main food source in both dogs and cats; while an increase in exclusive feeding of homemade diets was also detected in cats only.
TextSentencer_T2507 348671-348880 Sentence denotes In essence, the trend appears to be a shift in pet nutrition away from the complete and balanced diets currently recommended by most veterinarians, in favour of home-prepared 'human'; foods and raw meat diets.
T63735 348671-348880 Sentence denotes In essence, the trend appears to be a shift in pet nutrition away from the complete and balanced diets currently recommended by most veterinarians, in favour of home-prepared 'human'; foods and raw meat diets.
TextSentencer_T2508 348881-349022 Sentence denotes These changing practices may predispose the nations'; pets to dietary imbalances, nutritionally-responsive diseases, and infectious diseases.
T53680 348881-349022 Sentence denotes These changing practices may predispose the nations'; pets to dietary imbalances, nutritionally-responsive diseases, and infectious diseases.
TextSentencer_T2509 349023-349281 Sentence denotes Given this information, clinicians in both general and specialty practice must be aware of the risks associated with homemade and raw diets, obtain comprehensive dietary histories from their clients, and be prepared to diagnose and treat associated diseases.
T9893 349023-349281 Sentence denotes Given this information, clinicians in both general and specialty practice must be aware of the risks associated with homemade and raw diets, obtain comprehensive dietary histories from their clients, and be prepared to diagnose and treat associated diseases.
TextSentencer_T2510 349282-349337 Sentence denotes Fecal samples were collected from healthy dogs (n= 73).
T47841 349282-349337 Sentence denotes Fecal samples were collected from healthy dogs (n= 73).
TextSentencer_T2511 349338-349421 Sentence denotes Owners completed a survey with information about health status and dietary history.
T44264 349338-349421 Sentence denotes Owners completed a survey with information about health status and dietary history.
TextSentencer_T2512 349422-349564 Sentence denotes Nutrient content was obtained from online product guides, if the information was not provided, the pet food companies were contacted directly.
T46660 349422-349564 Sentence denotes Nutrient content was obtained from online product guides, if the information was not provided, the pet food companies were contacted directly.
TextSentencer_T2513 349565-349777 Sentence denotes The dysbiosis index (DI) was evaluated by combining the quantitative polymerase chain reaction values for E. coli, Streptococcus, Turicibacter, Faecalibacterium, Fusobacterium, Blautia, and Clostridium hiranonis.
T26839 349565-349777 Sentence denotes The dysbiosis index (DI) was evaluated by combining the quantitative polymerase chain reaction values for E. coli, Streptococcus, Turicibacter, Faecalibacterium, Fusobacterium, Blautia, and Clostridium hiranonis.
TextSentencer_T2514 349778-349822 Sentence denotes Statistical significance was set to p< 0.05.
T42972 349778-349822 Sentence denotes Statistical significance was set to p< 0.05.
TextSentencer_T2515 349823-349941 Sentence denotes Correlations between abundance of bacterial taxa and the macronutrients were performed using Spearman';s correlations.
T97764 349823-349941 Sentence denotes Correlations between abundance of bacterial taxa and the macronutrients were performed using Spearman';s correlations.
TextSentencer_T2516 349942-349974 Sentence denotes Significance was set at p< 0.05.
T19285 349942-349974 Sentence denotes Significance was set at p< 0.05.
TextSentencer_T2517 349975-350069 Sentence denotes In conclusion, a significant correlation was found only between crude fiber and Fusobacterium.
T55090 349975-350069 Sentence denotes In conclusion, a significant correlation was found only between crude fiber and Fusobacterium.
TextSentencer_T2518 350070-350226 Sentence denotes Results suggest that the macronutrient content in commercial diets has only modest impact on the abundance of major bacterial taxa in the canine microbiota.
T3077 350070-350226 Sentence denotes Results suggest that the macronutrient content in commercial diets has only modest impact on the abundance of major bacterial taxa in the canine microbiota.
TextSentencer_T2519 350227-350376 Sentence denotes The study of lipids in biological fluids has led to substantial advances in diagnosis and therapeutics of human obesity, cancer, and kidney diseases.
T81885 350227-350376 Sentence denotes The study of lipids in biological fluids has led to substantial advances in diagnosis and therapeutics of human obesity, cancer, and kidney diseases.
TextSentencer_T2520 350377-350541 Sentence denotes Considering that most of these conditions also afflict cats, we hypothesize that lipids could also serve as biomarkers for studying and diagnosing diseases in cats.
T60005 350377-350541 Sentence denotes Considering that most of these conditions also afflict cats, we hypothesize that lipids could also serve as biomarkers for studying and diagnosing diseases in cats.
TextSentencer_T2521 350542-350747 Sentence denotes However, the study of lipids in feline plasma has been limited to a few number of lipid species, mainly, fatty acids and triacylglycerols, whereas it is yet unknown if the feline urine contains any lipids.
T1022 350542-350747 Sentence denotes However, the study of lipids in feline plasma has been limited to a few number of lipid species, mainly, fatty acids and triacylglycerols, whereas it is yet unknown if the feline urine contains any lipids.
TextSentencer_T2522 350748-350938 Sentence denotes Considering this gap of knowledge, the objective of this study was to characterize the lipid composition in plasma and urine samples collected from clinically healthy young-adult cats (n=8).
T24554 350748-350938 Sentence denotes Considering this gap of knowledge, the objective of this study was to characterize the lipid composition in plasma and urine samples collected from clinically healthy young-adult cats (n=8).
TextSentencer_T2523 350939-351141 Sentence denotes Plasma samples were obtained from clinically healthy young-adult (< 2 years-old) intact female cats by collecting 1 mL of blood into tubes containing citrate and then centrifuged at 1,800 x g for 8 min.
T48097 350939-351141 Sentence denotes Plasma samples were obtained from clinically healthy young-adult (< 2 years-old) intact female cats by collecting 1 mL of blood into tubes containing citrate and then centrifuged at 1,800 x g for 8 min.
TextSentencer_T2524 351142-351257 Sentence denotes Urine samples were collected by ultrasound-guided cystocentesis and immediately centrifuged at 1,000 x g for 8 min.
T39559 351142-351257 Sentence denotes Urine samples were collected by ultrasound-guided cystocentesis and immediately centrifuged at 1,000 x g for 8 min.
TextSentencer_T2525 351258-351355 Sentence denotes Every cat was given a baseline complete history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation.
T82869 351258-351355 Sentence denotes Every cat was given a baseline complete history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation.
TextSentencer_T2526 351356-351425 Sentence denotes All had normal complete blood count, serum chemistry, and urinalysis.
T22606 351356-351425 Sentence denotes All had normal complete blood count, serum chemistry, and urinalysis.
TextSentencer_T2527 351426-351519 Sentence denotes Lipids were analyzed using liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
T85652 351426-351519 Sentence denotes Lipids were analyzed using liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
TextSentencer_T2528 351520-351595 Sentence denotes In total, 212 lipids were characterized in feline plasma and urine samples.
T45602 351520-351595 Sentence denotes In total, 212 lipids were characterized in feline plasma and urine samples.
TextSentencer_T2529 351596-351674 Sentence denotes The origin of these metabolites was mainly from food and endogenous compounds.
T17541 351596-351674 Sentence denotes The origin of these metabolites was mainly from food and endogenous compounds.
TextSentencer_T2530 351675-351868 Sentence denotes In plasma, glycerophospholipids showed the higher number of chemical species detected (n=101) followed by sphingolipids (n=35), glycerolipids (n=23), fatty acyls (n=22) and sterol lipids (n=3).
T81395 351675-351868 Sentence denotes In plasma, glycerophospholipids showed the higher number of chemical species detected (n=101) followed by sphingolipids (n=35), glycerolipids (n=23), fatty acyls (n=22) and sterol lipids (n=3).
TextSentencer_T2531 351869-352067 Sentence denotes In urine, the highest structure diversity was observed for polar lipids, namely, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids, with 15 and 7 chemical species identified within each category, respectively.
T22803 351869-352067 Sentence denotes In urine, the highest structure diversity was observed for polar lipids, namely, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids, with 15 and 7 chemical species identified within each category, respectively.
TextSentencer_T2532 352068-352200 Sentence denotes Figure 1 shows the relative abundance of each lipid category based on signal intensity found in the feline plasma and urine samples.
T81942 352068-352200 Sentence denotes Figure 1 shows the relative abundance of each lipid category based on signal intensity found in the feline plasma and urine samples.
TextSentencer_T2533 352201-352299 Sentence denotes Of note, 150 out of 212 lipids identified in this study have not been reported previously in cats.
T77663 352201-352299 Sentence denotes Of note, 150 out of 212 lipids identified in this study have not been reported previously in cats.
TextSentencer_T2534 352300-352409 Sentence denotes This is the first study describing the lipid composition in plasma and urine of healthy cats comprehensively.
T39086 352300-352409 Sentence denotes This is the first study describing the lipid composition in plasma and urine of healthy cats comprehensively.
TextSentencer_T2535 352410-352777 Sentence denotes Many of the lipids found in this study have been used as biomarkers in human medicine for different pathologies including linoleic and arachidonic acids for kidney diseases; SM(38:1) and SM(42:1) for insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; LPC(16:0), LPC(18:0), PC(34:1), PC(34:2), PC(36:4) and cholesterol for hepatocellular carcinoma, among others.
T19902 352410-352777 Sentence denotes Many of the lipids found in this study have been used as biomarkers in human medicine for different pathologies including linoleic and arachidonic acids for kidney diseases; SM(38:1) and SM(42:1) for insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; LPC(16:0), LPC(18:0), PC(34:1), PC(34:2), PC(36:4) and cholesterol for hepatocellular carcinoma, among others.
TextSentencer_T2536 352778-352970 Sentence denotes Thus, the novel information generated in this study could lead to the discovery of novel biomarker candidates for detecting and studying feline diseases and individualized treatments for cats.
T96211 352778-352970 Sentence denotes Thus, the novel information generated in this study could lead to the discovery of novel biomarker candidates for detecting and studying feline diseases and individualized treatments for cats.
TextSentencer_T2537 352971-353200 Sentence denotes Sol Rivera, Nicolas Villarino Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA Glycation is a non-enzymatic reaction between the carbonyl group of reducing sugars and a free amino group in the protein.
T5756 352971-353200 Sentence denotes Sol Rivera, Nicolas Villarino Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA Glycation is a non-enzymatic reaction between the carbonyl group of reducing sugars and a free amino group in the protein.
TextSentencer_T2538 353201-353287 Sentence denotes During this FIGURE 1 A) Percentages of each category of lipids found in feline plasma.
T65257 353201-353287 Sentence denotes During this FIGURE 1 A) Percentages of each category of lipids found in feline plasma.
TextSentencer_T2539 353288-353391 Sentence denotes Fatty acyls, FA; glycerolipids, GL; glycerophospholipids, GP; sphingolipids, SP; and sterol lipids, ST.
T88439 353288-353391 Sentence denotes Fatty acyls, FA; glycerolipids, GL; glycerophospholipids, GP; sphingolipids, SP; and sterol lipids, ST.
TextSentencer_T2540 353392-353590 Sentence denotes B) Signal intensities (mean AE SEM) for the known lipids detected in feline urine process, plasma proteins form a variety of heterogeneous structures known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs).
T16163 353392-353590 Sentence denotes B) Signal intensities (mean AE SEM) for the known lipids detected in feline urine process, plasma proteins form a variety of heterogeneous structures known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs).
TextSentencer_T2541 353591-353759 Sentence denotes These compounds have been associated with several pathologies including obesity, diabetes, cirrhosis, cardiovascular disease, renal failure, and neurological disorders.
T54687 353591-353759 Sentence denotes These compounds have been associated with several pathologies including obesity, diabetes, cirrhosis, cardiovascular disease, renal failure, and neurological disorders.
TextSentencer_T2542 353760-353854 Sentence denotes In contrast to human medicine, little attention has been given to AGEs in veterinary medicine.
T35262 353760-353854 Sentence denotes In contrast to human medicine, little attention has been given to AGEs in veterinary medicine.
TextSentencer_T2543 353855-354004 Sentence denotes Of note, fructosamine is a biomarker used for monitoring blood sugar concentrations, but it only provides information about early glycation products.
T63067 353855-354004 Sentence denotes Of note, fructosamine is a biomarker used for monitoring blood sugar concentrations, but it only provides information about early glycation products.
TextSentencer_T2544 354005-354103 Sentence denotes Conversely, carbonyl groups are formed during both the early and late stages of protein glycation.
T42282 354005-354103 Sentence denotes Conversely, carbonyl groups are formed during both the early and late stages of protein glycation.
TextSentencer_T2545 354104-354375 Sentence denotes Considering the fact that canine albumin contains similar glycosylatable amino acids (lysine and arginine) to those in humans, we hypothesize that abnormally high levels of glucose in a dog';s plasma leads to the formation of AGEs during the process of protein glycation.
T41294 354104-354375 Sentence denotes Considering the fact that canine albumin contains similar glycosylatable amino acids (lysine and arginine) to those in humans, we hypothesize that abnormally high levels of glucose in a dog';s plasma leads to the formation of AGEs during the process of protein glycation.
TextSentencer_T2546 354376-354554 Sentence denotes In order to address this hypothesis, plasma from healthy dogs was enriched with glucose levels similar to those reported in diabetic patients with good and poor glycemic control.
T91950 354376-354554 Sentence denotes In order to address this hypothesis, plasma from healthy dogs was enriched with glucose levels similar to those reported in diabetic patients with good and poor glycemic control.
TextSentencer_T2547 354555-354627 Sentence denotes Glucose-enriched and control samples were incubated for 40 days at 37 C.
T30437 354555-354627 Sentence denotes Glucose-enriched and control samples were incubated for 40 days at 37 C.
TextSentencer_T2548 354628-354763 Sentence denotes The high levels of glucose glycated plasma proteins and led to the formation of AGEs as determined by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine assay.
T42329 354628-354763 Sentence denotes The high levels of glucose glycated plasma proteins and led to the formation of AGEs as determined by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine assay.
TextSentencer_T2549 354764-354968 Sentence denotes The carbonyl content in plasma increased (P < 0.05) in a glucose concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05, Figures 1 and 2) and was positively associated with the concentration of fructosamine (P < 0.05).
T12487 354764-354968 Sentence denotes The carbonyl content in plasma increased (P < 0.05) in a glucose concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05, Figures 1 and 2) and was positively associated with the concentration of fructosamine (P < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T2550 354969-355121 Sentence denotes The fructosamine levels obtained in this study were comparable to those found in dogs suffering from diabetes (> 340 μmol/L plasma fructosamine levels).
T56094 354969-355121 Sentence denotes The fructosamine levels obtained in this study were comparable to those found in dogs suffering from diabetes (> 340 μmol/L plasma fructosamine levels).
TextSentencer_T2551 355122-355206 Sentence denotes This is the first study reporting the content of protein carbonyls in canine plasma.
T18948 355122-355206 Sentence denotes This is the first study reporting the content of protein carbonyls in canine plasma.
TextSentencer_T2552 355207-355383 Sentence denotes These results demonstrate that protein carbonyls are formed in higher amount in dog';s plasma with glucose levels similar to diabetic patients compared with the plasma control.
T97566 355207-355383 Sentence denotes These results demonstrate that protein carbonyls are formed in higher amount in dog';s plasma with glucose levels similar to diabetic patients compared with the plasma control.
TextSentencer_T2553 355384-355547 Sentence denotes Although, these results were obtained using an ex vivo system, it provides new information about the occurrence of AGEs during glycation of canine plasma proteins.
T79970 355384-355547 Sentence denotes Although, these results were obtained using an ex vivo system, it provides new information about the occurrence of AGEs during glycation of canine plasma proteins.
TextSentencer_T2554 355548-355731 Sentence denotes Certainly, future studies should be performed using samples from diabetic patients in order to expand our knowledge about the formation and clinical impact of these compounds in dogs.
T50568 355548-355731 Sentence denotes Certainly, future studies should be performed using samples from diabetic patients in order to expand our knowledge about the formation and clinical impact of these compounds in dogs.
TextSentencer_T2555 355732-356030 Sentence denotes The study of the formation of protein carbonyls, due to the glycation of proteins, could represent a new tool to elucidate the metabolic pathways that lead to the formation of AGEs and consequently aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diabetic patients in dogs.
T55148 355732-356030 Sentence denotes The study of the formation of protein carbonyls, due to the glycation of proteins, could represent a new tool to elucidate the metabolic pathways that lead to the formation of AGEs and consequently aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diabetic patients in dogs.
TextSentencer_T2556 356032-356092 Sentence denotes Alyssa Bryce 1 , Tracey Rossi 1 , Colleen Tansey 2 , Lisa A.
T99794 356032-356092 Sentence denotes Alyssa Bryce 1 , Tracey Rossi 1 , Colleen Tansey 2 , Lisa A.
TextSentencer_T2557 356093-356485 Sentence denotes Murphy 3 , Reid Nakamura 4 , Ruth Murphy 5 1 Southern California Veterinary Specialty Hospital, Irvine, CA, USA, 2 Inland Valley Veterinary Specialists and Emergency "Center", Upland, CA, USA, 3 Veterinary Speciality "Center" of Delaware, Newcastle, DE, USA, 4 Veterinary Emergency and Speciality "Center", Thousand Oaks, CA, USA, 5 Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
T12905 356093-356485 Sentence denotes Murphy 3 , Reid Nakamura 4 , Ruth Murphy 5 1 Southern California Veterinary Specialty Hospital, Irvine, CA, USA, 2 Inland Valley Veterinary Specialists and Emergency "Center", Upland, CA, USA, 3 Veterinary Speciality "Center" of Delaware, Newcastle, DE, USA, 4 Veterinary Emergency and Speciality "Center", Thousand Oaks, CA, USA, 5 Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
TextSentencer_T2558 356486-356598 Sentence denotes Multiple studies have found veterinarians to be at a higher risk for suicide compared to the general population.
T97473 356486-356598 Sentence denotes Multiple studies have found veterinarians to be at a higher risk for suicide compared to the general population.
TextSentencer_T2559 356599-356785 Sentence denotes Risk factors that have been associated with psychological distress in veterinarians include being a practice associate, practicing for less than 20 years and practicing shelter medicine.
T52422 356599-356785 Sentence denotes Risk factors that have been associated with psychological distress in veterinarians include being a practice associate, practicing for less than 20 years and practicing shelter medicine.
TextSentencer_T2560 356786-356885 Sentence denotes For human physicians, patient complaints lead to increased risk of depression, anxiety and suicide.
T41081 356786-356885 Sentence denotes For human physicians, patient complaints lead to increased risk of depression, anxiety and suicide.
TextSentencer_T2561 356886-357065 Sentence denotes Secondary effects of these complaints on physicians include practicing medicine more defensively, avoiding high risk procedures or patients and performing unnecessary diagnostics.
T42787 356886-357065 Sentence denotes Secondary effects of these complaints on physicians include practicing medicine more defensively, avoiding high risk procedures or patients and performing unnecessary diagnostics.
TextSentencer_T2562 357066-357233 Sentence denotes Veterinary medicine, due to the need for owners to use their own disposable income, leads to different potential sources of conflict between veterinarians and clients,
T8774 357066-357233 Sentence denotes Veterinary medicine, due to the need for owners to use their own disposable income, leads to different potential sources of conflict between veterinarians and clients,
TextSentencer_T2563 357234-357436 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of client complaints on small animal veterinary internist's welfare, their job satisfaction, as well as the way they practice veterinary medicine.
T80641 357234-357436 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of client complaints on small animal veterinary internist's welfare, their job satisfaction, as well as the way they practice veterinary medicine.
TextSentencer_T2564 357437-357655 Sentence denotes A web-based anonymous questionnaire was made available through the American College Veterinary Internal Medicine sub-specialty Small Animal Internal Medicine E-mail List Serve between January 1 st and March 31 st 2017.
T69452 357437-357655 Sentence denotes A web-based anonymous questionnaire was made available through the American College Veterinary Internal Medicine sub-specialty Small Animal Internal Medicine E-mail List Serve between January 1 st and March 31 st 2017.
TextSentencer_T2565 357656-357706 Sentence denotes 92 surveys were obtained and available for review.
T40481 357656-357706 Sentence denotes 92 surveys were obtained and available for review.
TextSentencer_T2566 357707-357833 Sentence denotes 64% of respondents had received a client complaint within the preceding 6 months with the cost of care the most common reason.
T79256 357707-357833 Sentence denotes 64% of respondents had received a client complaint within the preceding 6 months with the cost of care the most common reason.
TextSentencer_T2567 357834-357944 Sentence denotes The majority of respondents (96%) worried to varying degrees about a client complaint being made against them.
T66959 357834-357944 Sentence denotes The majority of respondents (96%) worried to varying degrees about a client complaint being made against them.
TextSentencer_T2568 357945-358101 Sentence denotes More concerning, almost 35% reported being verbally assaulted by a client within the preceding six months and 27% reported being threatened with litigation.
T56127 357945-358101 Sentence denotes More concerning, almost 35% reported being verbally assaulted by a client within the preceding six months and 27% reported being threatened with litigation.
TextSentencer_T2569 358102-358316 Sentence denotes A majority reported that they have changed the way they practice veterinary medicine to avoid a complaint being made against them and 43% said they had considered changing their career because of client complaints.
T3900 358102-358316 Sentence denotes A majority reported that they have changed the way they practice veterinary medicine to avoid a complaint being made against them and 43% said they had considered changing their career because of client complaints.
TextSentencer_T2570 358317-358418 Sentence denotes The study confirmed that client complaints are a common source of distress for veterinary internists.
T78630 358317-358418 Sentence denotes The study confirmed that client complaints are a common source of distress for veterinary internists.
TextSentencer_T2571 358419-358582 Sentence denotes The high percentage of conflicts being due to cost of care illustrates a central problem in veterinary medicine that is an issue most veterinarians cannot control.
T51983 358419-358582 Sentence denotes The high percentage of conflicts being due to cost of care illustrates a central problem in veterinary medicine that is an issue most veterinarians cannot control.
TextSentencer_T2572 358583-358667 Sentence denotes Veterinarians need to consider how client education on cost of care can be achieved.
T49589 358583-358667 Sentence denotes Veterinarians need to consider how client education on cost of care can be achieved.
TextSentencer_T2573 358668-358822 Sentence denotes There also needs to be a way or forum that allows veterinarians to openly discuss client complaints and how to deal with them in a supportive environment.
T16410 358668-358822 Sentence denotes There also needs to be a way or forum that allows veterinarians to openly discuss client complaints and how to deal with them in a supportive environment.
TextSentencer_T2574 358823-359001 Sentence denotes As veterinary medicine becomes more advanced and we offer more expensive treatments and procedures, the issue of client complaints and communication will likely continue to grow.
T13079 358823-359001 Sentence denotes As veterinary medicine becomes more advanced and we offer more expensive treatments and procedures, the issue of client complaints and communication will likely continue to grow.
TextSentencer_T2575 359002-359220 Sentence denotes Strategies to Improve Case Outcome When Referral is Not Affordable Referral to an internist is often in the best interest of a patient, particularly if the case involves a chronic, refractory, or undiagnosed condition.
T32634 359002-359220 Sentence denotes Strategies to Improve Case Outcome When Referral is Not Affordable Referral to an internist is often in the best interest of a patient, particularly if the case involves a chronic, refractory, or undiagnosed condition.
TextSentencer_T2576 359221-359287 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, many pet owners cannot afford the cost of referral.
T63700 359221-359287 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, many pet owners cannot afford the cost of referral.
TextSentencer_T2577 359288-359405 Sentence denotes In these instances, the general practitioner is challenged with treating these complicated cases on a limited budget.
T73242 359288-359405 Sentence denotes In these instances, the general practitioner is challenged with treating these complicated cases on a limited budget.
TextSentencer_T2578 359406-359459 Sentence denotes Owners may even elect euthanasia due to cost of care.
T75128 359406-359459 Sentence denotes Owners may even elect euthanasia due to cost of care.
TextSentencer_T2579 359460-359642 Sentence denotes General practitioners may seek guidance from an internist in order to discuss diagnostic and treatment options for patients that need referral care but whose owners cannot afford it.
T28174 359460-359642 Sentence denotes General practitioners may seek guidance from an internist in order to discuss diagnostic and treatment options for patients that need referral care but whose owners cannot afford it.
TextSentencer_T2580 359643-359787 Sentence denotes Such consultations are frequently limited to a single phone conversation or email, and outcome is therefore unknown by the consulting internist.
T85953 359643-359787 Sentence denotes Such consultations are frequently limited to a single phone conversation or email, and outcome is therefore unknown by the consulting internist.
TextSentencer_T2581 359788-359941 Sentence denotes Additional strategies to improve options and outcome in these financially challenging cases may be beneficial to both general practitioners and patients.
T72113 359788-359941 Sentence denotes Additional strategies to improve options and outcome in these financially challenging cases may be beneficial to both general practitioners and patients.
TextSentencer_T2582 359942-360143 Sentence denotes Furthermore, increasing the awareness of and preparedness of veterinary students for these challenges may improve their abilities to approach cases more efficiently when owners are on a limited budget.
T6525 359942-360143 Sentence denotes Furthermore, increasing the awareness of and preparedness of veterinary students for these challenges may improve their abilities to approach cases more efficiently when owners are on a limited budget.
TextSentencer_T2583 360144-360381 Sentence denotes A descriptive study was performed to determine the usefulness of onsite consultations with a boarded internist, case follow-up with an internist, and written diagnostic and therapeutic protocols for selected internal medicine conditions.
T61906 360144-360381 Sentence denotes A descriptive study was performed to determine the usefulness of onsite consultations with a boarded internist, case follow-up with an internist, and written diagnostic and therapeutic protocols for selected internal medicine conditions.
TextSentencer_T2584 360382-360488 Sentence denotes Fourth-year veterinary students participated in weekly on-site consultations and development of protocols.
T90546 360382-360488 Sentence denotes Fourth-year veterinary students participated in weekly on-site consultations and development of protocols.
TextSentencer_T2585 360489-360584 Sentence denotes A total of 35 veterinarians and 15 small animal veterinary practices participated in the study.
T93592 360489-360584 Sentence denotes A total of 35 veterinarians and 15 small animal veterinary practices participated in the study.
TextSentencer_T2586 360585-360690 Sentence denotes Each practice was visited three times over the course of one year, and 133 total consults were conducted.
T85426 360585-360690 Sentence denotes Each practice was visited three times over the course of one year, and 133 total consults were conducted.
TextSentencer_T2587 360691-360794 Sentence denotes A collection of 38 protocols for different internal medicine conditions was given to each practitioner.
T46844 360691-360794 Sentence denotes A collection of 38 protocols for different internal medicine conditions was given to each practitioner.
TextSentencer_T2588 360795-360921 Sentence denotes Data was collected from pre-and post-participation surveys of fourth-year veterinary students and participating veterinarians.
T51809 360795-360921 Sentence denotes Data was collected from pre-and post-participation surveys of fourth-year veterinary students and participating veterinarians.
TextSentencer_T2589 360922-361136 Sentence denotes Prior to participation, 90% of veterinary students did not feel confident choosing the best diagnostic and therapeutic approach to internal medicine cases when owners were on a budget and could not afford referral.
T59949 360922-361136 Sentence denotes Prior to participation, 90% of veterinary students did not feel confident choosing the best diagnostic and therapeutic approach to internal medicine cases when owners were on a budget and could not afford referral.
TextSentencer_T2590 361137-361220 Sentence denotes 100% of students felt that training in this area should be part of their education.
T79592 361137-361220 Sentence denotes 100% of students felt that training in this area should be part of their education.
TextSentencer_T2591 361221-361435 Sentence denotes After participation in the on-site consults and protocol development, 63% of students felt confident choosing the best approach to these cases, and 59% were "highly likely" to use the protocols in general practice.
T28053 361221-361435 Sentence denotes After participation in the on-site consults and protocol development, 63% of students felt confident choosing the best approach to these cases, and 59% were "highly likely" to use the protocols in general practice.
TextSentencer_T2592 361436-361624 Sentence denotes Lack of a diagnosis, uncertainty about the most appropriate diagnostics, and the need for a special procedure were the three most common reasons general practitioners recommended referral.
T80169 361436-361624 Sentence denotes Lack of a diagnosis, uncertainty about the most appropriate diagnostics, and the need for a special procedure were the three most common reasons general practitioners recommended referral.
TextSentencer_T2593 361625-361811 Sentence denotes Over 50% of participating veterinarians noted that only 25% of dog owners agreed to referral, and 94% of veterinarians noted that expense was the primary reason owners declined referral.
T38515 361625-361811 Sentence denotes Over 50% of participating veterinarians noted that only 25% of dog owners agreed to referral, and 94% of veterinarians noted that expense was the primary reason owners declined referral.
TextSentencer_T2594 361812-362049 Sentence denotes Only 28% of veterinarians were "always comfortable" with these cases and 72% were "sometimes comfortable." 83% of veterinarians expressed the desire for lower-cost options, such as treatment protocols, when owners cannot afford referral.
T9843 361812-362049 Sentence denotes Only 28% of veterinarians were "always comfortable" with these cases and 72% were "sometimes comfortable." 83% of veterinarians expressed the desire for lower-cost options, such as treatment protocols, when owners cannot afford referral.
TextSentencer_T2595 362050-362332 Sentence denotes After completion of the project, 83% of veterinarians noted that both the on-site consultations and protocols were "highly beneficial." The areas of greatest improvement were their comfort level with treating referral-level cases in general practice, case outcome, and patient care.
T83908 362050-362332 Sentence denotes After completion of the project, 83% of veterinarians noted that both the on-site consultations and protocols were "highly beneficial." The areas of greatest improvement were their comfort level with treating referral-level cases in general practice, case outcome, and patient care.
TextSentencer_T2596 362333-362470 Sentence denotes 100% of veterinarians believed that patient quality of life improved, and 100% wanted to continue participating in on-site consultations.
T96364 362333-362470 Sentence denotes 100% of veterinarians believed that patient quality of life improved, and 100% wanted to continue participating in on-site consultations.
TextSentencer_T2597 362471-362680 Sentence denotes In summary, on-site internal medicine consultations and cost-effective diagnostic and treatment protocols for various internal medicine conditions benefitted both veterinary students and general practitioners.
T2346 362471-362680 Sentence denotes In summary, on-site internal medicine consultations and cost-effective diagnostic and treatment protocols for various internal medicine conditions benefitted both veterinary students and general practitioners.
TextSentencer_T2598 362681-362774 Sentence denotes The cost of veterinary care, especially referral medicine, is not affordable for many owners.
T19419 362681-362774 Sentence denotes The cost of veterinary care, especially referral medicine, is not affordable for many owners.
TextSentencer_T2599 362775-362906 Sentence denotes Veterinary students should be exposed to these challenges and should be trained in the most cost-effective approach to these cases.
T43804 362775-362906 Sentence denotes Veterinary students should be exposed to these challenges and should be trained in the most cost-effective approach to these cases.
TextSentencer_T2600 362907-363102 Sentence denotes Similarly, general practitioners may be able to more successfully and efficiently diagnose and treat challenging internal medicine cases with the proposed strategies when owners decline referral.
T89994 362907-363102 Sentence denotes Similarly, general practitioners may be able to more successfully and efficiently diagnose and treat challenging internal medicine cases with the proposed strategies when owners decline referral.
TextSentencer_T2601 363103-363238 Sentence denotes We hypothesised that CKCS, irrespective of disease status, would have increased fibrosis in multiple organs compared with other breeds.
T2042 363103-363238 Sentence denotes We hypothesised that CKCS, irrespective of disease status, would have increased fibrosis in multiple organs compared with other breeds.
TextSentencer_T2602 363239-363359 Sentence denotes Post-mortem samples of CKCS were collected prospectively though a donation scheme available to owners and veterinarians.
T51247 363239-363359 Sentence denotes Post-mortem samples of CKCS were collected prospectively though a donation scheme available to owners and veterinarians.
TextSentencer_T2603 363360-363429 Sentence denotes Collection was irrespective of disease state or antemortem diagnosis.
T67252 363360-363429 Sentence denotes Collection was irrespective of disease state or antemortem diagnosis.
TextSentencer_T2604 363430-363479 Sentence denotes Clinical information was obtained where possible.
T93160 363430-363479 Sentence denotes Clinical information was obtained where possible.
TextSentencer_T2605 363480-363569 Sentence denotes Liver, pancreas, kidney and lung were stored as formalin-fixed paraffin-imbedded samples.
T10426 363480-363569 Sentence denotes Liver, pancreas, kidney and lung were stored as formalin-fixed paraffin-imbedded samples.
TextSentencer_T2606 363570-363664 Sentence denotes Tissues were matched by age and histopathologic diagnosis to tissues from non-CKCS breed dogs.
T35090 363570-363664 Sentence denotes Tissues were matched by age and histopathologic diagnosis to tissues from non-CKCS breed dogs.
TextSentencer_T2607 363665-363767 Sentence denotes Sirius red staining, highlighting fibrosis, was performed and slides digitized for objective analysis.
T71151 363665-363767 Sentence denotes Sirius red staining, highlighting fibrosis, was performed and slides digitized for objective analysis.
TextSentencer_T2608 363768-363856 Sentence denotes Software analysed for red staining and scored this as a proportion of the tissue volume.
T40083 363768-363856 Sentence denotes Software analysed for red staining and scored this as a proportion of the tissue volume.
TextSentencer_T2609 363857-363920 Sentence denotes Those analysing were blinded to breed and pathologic diagnosis.
T56969 363857-363920 Sentence denotes Those analysing were blinded to breed and pathologic diagnosis.
TextSentencer_T2610 363921-364085 Sentence denotes Forty CKCS (liver n=38; pancreas n=36; kidney n=37; lung n=35) & 31 non-CKCS (liver n=14; pancreas n=9; kidney n=11; lung n=12) were included, comprising 22 breeds.
T23289 363921-364085 Sentence denotes Forty CKCS (liver n=38; pancreas n=36; kidney n=37; lung n=35) & 31 non-CKCS (liver n=14; pancreas n=9; kidney n=11; lung n=12) were included, comprising 22 breeds.
TextSentencer_T2611 364086-364173 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference between organ fibrosis scores in CKCS and controls.
T9560 364086-364173 Sentence denotes There was no significant difference between organ fibrosis scores in CKCS and controls.
TextSentencer_T2612 364174-364380 Sentence denotes However, in CKCS, moderate but significant correlations were identified between liver fibrosis and pancreas or lung fibrosis; additionally, significant correlation was found between lung and renal fibrosis.
T12425 364174-364380 Sentence denotes However, in CKCS, moderate but significant correlations were identified between liver fibrosis and pancreas or lung fibrosis; additionally, significant correlation was found between lung and renal fibrosis.
TextSentencer_T2613 364381-364452 Sentence denotes Insufficient cases with multiple organs precluded analysis in non-CKCS.
T22501 364381-364452 Sentence denotes Insufficient cases with multiple organs precluded analysis in non-CKCS.
TextSentencer_T2614 364453-364579 Sentence denotes In conclusion, CKCS didn';t show increased fibrosis compared with matched controls, but fibrosis was correlated across organs.
T73385 364453-364579 Sentence denotes In conclusion, CKCS didn';t show increased fibrosis compared with matched controls, but fibrosis was correlated across organs.
TextSentencer_T2615 364580-364766 Sentence denotes Further studies are indicated to assess multiple organs in other dog breeds to confirm the significance of this finding. decision making, but also for cancer staging and prognostication.
T48512 364580-364766 Sentence denotes Further studies are indicated to assess multiple organs in other dog breeds to confirm the significance of this finding. decision making, but also for cancer staging and prognostication.
TextSentencer_T2616 364767-364982 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to describe the presence, number, size, shape, attenuation and enhancement pattern of abdominal lymph nodes on CT in healthy cats and assess for correlations to patient characteristics.
T98443 364767-364982 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study was to describe the presence, number, size, shape, attenuation and enhancement pattern of abdominal lymph nodes on CT in healthy cats and assess for correlations to patient characteristics.
TextSentencer_T2617 364983-365127 Sentence denotes Sixteen healthy cats without clinical or biochemical evidence of disease underwent sedated pre-and post-contrast CT exams of the entire abdomen.
T97438 364983-365127 Sentence denotes Sixteen healthy cats without clinical or biochemical evidence of disease underwent sedated pre-and post-contrast CT exams of the entire abdomen.
TextSentencer_T2618 365128-365472 Sentence denotes The number, size, shape, attenuation, enhancement pattern and presence of intranodal fat of the following lymph "center"s were evaluated by two readers, including a board-certified radiologist: aortic lumbar, renal, hepatic, splenic, gastric, pancreaticoduodenal, jejunal, ileocecal, colic, caudal mesenteric, medial iliac, sacral and inguinal.
T64565 365128-365472 Sentence denotes The number, size, shape, attenuation, enhancement pattern and presence of intranodal fat of the following lymph "center"s were evaluated by two readers, including a board-certified radiologist: aortic lumbar, renal, hepatic, splenic, gastric, pancreaticoduodenal, jejunal, ileocecal, colic, caudal mesenteric, medial iliac, sacral and inguinal.
TextSentencer_T2619 365473-365607 Sentence denotes Assessments were compared to patient characteristics with Pearson's correlation and student t-tests used for the statistical analysis.
T32419 365473-365607 Sentence denotes Assessments were compared to patient characteristics with Pearson's correlation and student t-tests used for the statistical analysis.
TextSentencer_T2620 365608-365786 Sentence denotes A total of 525 abdominal lymph nodes were readily identified on CT with caudal mesenteric, colic, hepatic, inguinal, and pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes identified in 16/16 cats.
T80831 365608-365786 Sentence denotes A total of 525 abdominal lymph nodes were readily identified on CT with caudal mesenteric, colic, hepatic, inguinal, and pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes identified in 16/16 cats.
TextSentencer_T2621 365787-365929 Sentence denotes Body weight and sex were not associated with differences in the overall number of lymph nodes identified (p =0.3845 and 0.8565, respectively).
T44877 365787-365929 Sentence denotes Body weight and sex were not associated with differences in the overall number of lymph nodes identified (p =0.3845 and 0.8565, respectively).
TextSentencer_T2622 365930-366057 Sentence denotes Lymph node size and shape varied between lymph "center"s with nearly all lymph nodes homogenously contrast enhancing (515/525).
T78712 365930-366057 Sentence denotes Lymph node size and shape varied between lymph "center"s with nearly all lymph nodes homogenously contrast enhancing (515/525).
TextSentencer_T2623 366058-366255 Sentence denotes Significant negative correlations were identified between the length (p =0.0166) and width All hospitalized dogs treated with intravenous fluids during the study period were eligible for inclusion.
T60997 366058-366255 Sentence denotes Significant negative correlations were identified between the length (p =0.0166) and width All hospitalized dogs treated with intravenous fluids during the study period were eligible for inclusion.
TextSentencer_T2624 366256-366472 Sentence denotes The initial fluid therapy (rate [ml/kg/ d] and fluid type) and any in-hospital adjustments in fluid rate were recorded until discharge or death as well as the managing service (ECC, Surgery or ACVIM based specialty).
T7950 366256-366472 Sentence denotes The initial fluid therapy (rate [ml/kg/ d] and fluid type) and any in-hospital adjustments in fluid rate were recorded until discharge or death as well as the managing service (ECC, Surgery or ACVIM based specialty).
TextSentencer_T2625 366473-366595 Sentence denotes Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and analyzed with a t-test with a p < 0.05 considered significant.
T18808 366473-366595 Sentence denotes Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and analyzed with a t-test with a p < 0.05 considered significant.
TextSentencer_T2626 366596-366812 Sentence denotes Two hundred and eighty-three dogs were included, receiving 862 dog-days of fluid therapy, with a median duration of 3 days (range examined thoroughly with the Stewart's method and the Fencl's semiquantitative method.
T93780 366596-366812 Sentence denotes Two hundred and eighty-three dogs were included, receiving 862 dog-days of fluid therapy, with a median duration of 3 days (range examined thoroughly with the Stewart's method and the Fencl's semiquantitative method.
TextSentencer_T2627 366813-366893 Sentence denotes Along with monitoring, TNF-α and IL-6, and nitric oxide in plasma were measured.
T39026 366813-366893 Sentence denotes Along with monitoring, TNF-α and IL-6, and nitric oxide in plasma were measured.
TextSentencer_T2628 366894-367114 Sentence denotes This study evaluated the effects of 3% HHES in controlled hemorrhagic shock dog model compared to four conventional fluids in three aspects: volume expansion, systemic and tissue perfusion response, and acid-base status.
T45343 366894-367114 Sentence denotes This study evaluated the effects of 3% HHES in controlled hemorrhagic shock dog model compared to four conventional fluids in three aspects: volume expansion, systemic and tissue perfusion response, and acid-base status.
TextSentencer_T2629 367115-367326 Sentence denotes In the aspect of volume expansion, LRS, 6% HES, and 3% HHES resuscitated significantly larger volume than 7% HS and 7% HHES but LRS and 6% HES were considered as overexpansion of intravascular volume (p < 0.05).
T3143 367115-367326 Sentence denotes In the aspect of volume expansion, LRS, 6% HES, and 3% HHES resuscitated significantly larger volume than 7% HS and 7% HHES but LRS and 6% HES were considered as overexpansion of intravascular volume (p < 0.05).
TextSentencer_T2630 367327-367378 Sentence denotes Hemodynamic data coincides with volumetric results.
T16072 367327-367378 Sentence denotes Hemodynamic data coincides with volumetric results.
TextSentencer_T2631 367379-367578 Sentence denotes Three percent HHES as well as other four fluids provided sufficient systemic oxygenation and perfusion yet the further examination should be conducted in hemorrhagic shock model based on oxygen debt.
T67032 367379-367578 Sentence denotes Three percent HHES as well as other four fluids provided sufficient systemic oxygenation and perfusion yet the further examination should be conducted in hemorrhagic shock model based on oxygen debt.
TextSentencer_T2632 367579-367737 Sentence denotes Infusion of 3% HHES was beneficial to the acidotic state of hemorrhagic shock without dilutional acidosis owing to transient hypernatremia and hyperchloremia.
T56062 367579-367737 Sentence denotes Infusion of 3% HHES was beneficial to the acidotic state of hemorrhagic shock without dilutional acidosis owing to transient hypernatremia and hyperchloremia.
TextSentencer_T2633 367738-368060 Sentence denotes In conclusion, the data suggest that 3% HHES support sufficient volume expansion without overloading, return of systemic oxygenation indices and lactate to control level, and the superior resuscitation benefits on acid-base status and inflammatory stability after reperfusion injury than conventional resuscitation fluids.
T10670 367738-368060 Sentence denotes In conclusion, the data suggest that 3% HHES support sufficient volume expansion without overloading, return of systemic oxygenation indices and lactate to control level, and the superior resuscitation benefits on acid-base status and inflammatory stability after reperfusion injury than conventional resuscitation fluids.
TextSentencer_T2634 368061-368205 Sentence denotes Thus, 3% HHES could be the best alternative solution that compensate dosage disadvantages of conventional crystalloid or colloid administration.
T60956 368061-368205 Sentence denotes Thus, 3% HHES could be the best alternative solution that compensate dosage disadvantages of conventional crystalloid or colloid administration.
TextSentencer_T2635 368206-368371 Sentence denotes Oxidative stress is primarily assessed through the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the concentration of endogenous antioxidants, and byproducts of oxidative damage.
T3276 368206-368371 Sentence denotes Oxidative stress is primarily assessed through the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the concentration of endogenous antioxidants, and byproducts of oxidative damage.
TextSentencer_T2636 368372-368565 Sentence denotes F2-isoprostanes, a byproduct of lipid peroxidation, were determined to be the best marker of oxidative injury in a rodent model of oxidative stress, and are stable and easily measured in urine.
T89075 368372-368565 Sentence denotes F2-isoprostanes, a byproduct of lipid peroxidation, were determined to be the best marker of oxidative injury in a rodent model of oxidative stress, and are stable and easily measured in urine.
TextSentencer_T2637 368566-368816 Sentence denotes In people, the gold standard for measurement of urinary F2-isoprostanes is gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), but in animals the majority of studies have utilized enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measurement of F2-isoprostanes.
T11891 368566-368816 Sentence denotes In people, the gold standard for measurement of urinary F2-isoprostanes is gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), but in animals the majority of studies have utilized enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measurement of F2-isoprostanes.
TextSentencer_T2638 368817-368914 Sentence denotes A previous study compared these two methods in small populations of dogs, cats, horses, and cows.
T16017 368817-368914 Sentence denotes A previous study compared these two methods in small populations of dogs, cats, horses, and cows.
TextSentencer_T2639 368915-368993 Sentence denotes Poor agreement between these methods was identified in dogs, horses, and cows.
T35179 368915-368993 Sentence denotes Poor agreement between these methods was identified in dogs, horses, and cows.
TextSentencer_T2640 368994-369063 Sentence denotes However, fair agreement between these methods was identified in cats.
T21774 368994-369063 Sentence denotes However, fair agreement between these methods was identified in cats.
TextSentencer_T2641 369064-369273 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to evaluate the agreement between GC-MS and ELISA for measurement of urinary F2-isoprostanes in a large population of cats including a range from healthy to clinically ill cats.
T93736 369064-369273 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to evaluate the agreement between GC-MS and ELISA for measurement of urinary F2-isoprostanes in a large population of cats including a range from healthy to clinically ill cats.
TextSentencer_T2642 369274-369312 Sentence denotes Skeletally mature cats were recruited.
T10526 369274-369312 Sentence denotes Skeletally mature cats were recruited.
TextSentencer_T2643 369313-369470 Sentence denotes Health status in each cat was determined by a physical examination, complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry profile, thyroid hormone (T4) and urinalysis.
T7234 369313-369470 Sentence denotes Health status in each cat was determined by a physical examination, complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry profile, thyroid hormone (T4) and urinalysis.
TextSentencer_T2644 369471-369681 Sentence denotes Cats were defined as systemically ill if evidence of illness was identified on physical examination (persistent fever, injected mucous membranes) and/or evidence of inflammation and/or organ system dysfunction.
T8903 369471-369681 Sentence denotes Cats were defined as systemically ill if evidence of illness was identified on physical examination (persistent fever, injected mucous membranes) and/or evidence of inflammation and/or organ system dysfunction.
TextSentencer_T2645 369682-369825 Sentence denotes Urine was collected non-invasively (free catch) in all cats unless otherwise indicated due to the disease process in the systemically ill cats.
T15144 369682-369825 Sentence denotes Urine was collected non-invasively (free catch) in all cats unless otherwise indicated due to the disease process in the systemically ill cats.
TextSentencer_T2646 369826-369904 Sentence denotes Urinary F2-isoprostanes were measured by GC-MS and ELISA in all urine samples.
T27399 369826-369904 Sentence denotes Urinary F2-isoprostanes were measured by GC-MS and ELISA in all urine samples.
TextSentencer_T2647 369905-369943 Sentence denotes Fifty cats were enrolled in the study.
T56570 369905-369943 Sentence denotes Fifty cats were enrolled in the study.
TextSentencer_T2648 369944-370050 Sentence denotes Twenty-five cats were determined to be healthy, while the other 25 were determined to be systemically ill.
T73722 369944-370050 Sentence denotes Twenty-five cats were determined to be healthy, while the other 25 were determined to be systemically ill.
TextSentencer_T2649 370051-370110 Sentence denotes All urine samples had detectable levels of F2-isoprostanes.
T76646 370051-370110 Sentence denotes All urine samples had detectable levels of F2-isoprostanes.
TextSentencer_T2650 370111-370206 Sentence denotes A significant negative correlation was identified between the two methods (ρ = 0.364, P=0.009).
T70760 370111-370206 Sentence denotes A significant negative correlation was identified between the two methods (ρ = 0.364, P=0.009).
TextSentencer_T2651 370207-370328 Sentence denotes No significant correlation was identified when the healthy and systemically ill cats were compared in sub-group analysis.
T42109 370207-370328 Sentence denotes No significant correlation was identified when the healthy and systemically ill cats were compared in sub-group analysis.
TextSentencer_T2652 370329-370405 Sentence denotes Passing and Bablok regression showed poor agreement between the two methods.
T89833 370329-370405 Sentence denotes Passing and Bablok regression showed poor agreement between the two methods.
TextSentencer_T2653 370406-370483 Sentence denotes This comparison demonstrated a non-linear relationship and proportional bias.
T93139 370406-370483 Sentence denotes This comparison demonstrated a non-linear relationship and proportional bias.
TextSentencer_T2654 370484-370639 Sentence denotes The concentration of urinary F2-isoprostanes as measured by ELISA was significantly lower in systemically ill cats when compared to healthy cats (P=0.002).
T71727 370484-370639 Sentence denotes The concentration of urinary F2-isoprostanes as measured by ELISA was significantly lower in systemically ill cats when compared to healthy cats (P=0.002).
TextSentencer_T2655 370640-370743 Sentence denotes No significant difference was identified when urinary F2-isoprostanes were measured by GC-MS (P=0.068).
T62958 370640-370743 Sentence denotes No significant difference was identified when urinary F2-isoprostanes were measured by GC-MS (P=0.068).
TextSentencer_T2656 370744-370863 Sentence denotes These results indicate that GC-MS is the only method recommended for the assessment of urinary F2-isoprostanes in cats.
T58311 370744-370863 Sentence denotes These results indicate that GC-MS is the only method recommended for the assessment of urinary F2-isoprostanes in cats.
TextSentencer_T2657 370864-371035 Sentence denotes The expected increase in urinary F2-isoprostanes in systemically ill cats was not identified, so caution is still warranted in interpreting this test regardless of method.
T52012 370864-371035 Sentence denotes The expected increase in urinary F2-isoprostanes in systemically ill cats was not identified, so caution is still warranted in interpreting this test regardless of method.
TextSentencer_T2658 371036-371156 Sentence denotes Future research should use GC-MS to identify normal reference ranges and variability of urinary F2-isoprostanes in cats.
T32459 371036-371156 Sentence denotes Future research should use GC-MS to identify normal reference ranges and variability of urinary F2-isoprostanes in cats.
TextSentencer_T2659 371157-371396 Sentence denotes Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-6 and IL-1β was significantly (one-way ANOVA) decreased in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells co-cultured with naïve canine MSCs compared to that in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells alone.
T78345 371157-371396 Sentence denotes Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-6 and IL-1β was significantly (one-way ANOVA) decreased in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells co-cultured with naïve canine MSCs compared to that in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells alone.
TextSentencer_T2660 371397-371543 Sentence denotes Furthermore, antiinflammatory effects of TNF-α-and IFN-γ-primed canine MSCs were significantly increased compared with those of naïve canine MSCs.
T59748 371397-371543 Sentence denotes Furthermore, antiinflammatory effects of TNF-α-and IFN-γ-primed canine MSCs were significantly increased compared with those of naïve canine MSCs.
TextSentencer_T2661 371544-371674 Sentence denotes Expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) were likewise significantly increased in primed canine MSCs.
T8639 371544-371674 Sentence denotes Expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) were likewise significantly increased in primed canine MSCs.
TextSentencer_T2662 371675-371864 Sentence denotes The level of iNOS protein in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells co-cultured with the primed canine MSCs was decreased, but it increased when the cells were treated with NS-398(PGE 2 inhibitor).
T32986 371675-371864 Sentence denotes The level of iNOS protein in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells co-cultured with the primed canine MSCs was decreased, but it increased when the cells were treated with NS-398(PGE 2 inhibitor).
TextSentencer_T2663 371865-372108 Sentence denotes In conclusion, compared with naïve canine MSCs, cells primed with TNF-α and IFN-γ cause a greater reduction in release of antiinflammatory cytokines from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells; the mechanism is upregulation of the COX-2/PGE 2 pathway.
T20254 371865-372108 Sentence denotes In conclusion, compared with naïve canine MSCs, cells primed with TNF-α and IFN-γ cause a greater reduction in release of antiinflammatory cytokines from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells; the mechanism is upregulation of the COX-2/PGE 2 pathway.
TextSentencer_T2664 372109-372119 Sentence denotes Matthew E.
T87665 372109-372119 Sentence denotes Matthew E.
TextSentencer_T2665 372120-372153 Sentence denotes Miller, Kamoltip Thungrat, Jey W.
T48528 372120-372153 Sentence denotes Miller, Kamoltip Thungrat, Jey W.
TextSentencer_T2666 372154-372170 Sentence denotes Koehler, Dawn M.
T37434 372154-372170 Sentence denotes Koehler, Dawn M.
TextSentencer_T2667 372171-372243 Sentence denotes Boothe Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
T24425 372171-372243 Sentence denotes Boothe Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
TextSentencer_T2668 372244-372405 Sentence denotes The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is comprised of endogenous signaling molecules known as endocannabinoids, and the G-proteincoupled receptors to which they bind.
T92918 372244-372405 Sentence denotes The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is comprised of endogenous signaling molecules known as endocannabinoids, and the G-proteincoupled receptors to which they bind.
TextSentencer_T2669 372406-372544 Sentence denotes In recent decades, research has found relationships between the ECS and memory, nociception, inflammation, appetite, metabolism, and more.
T21708 372406-372544 Sentence denotes In recent decades, research has found relationships between the ECS and memory, nociception, inflammation, appetite, metabolism, and more.
TextSentencer_T2670 372545-372807 Sentence denotes In the interest of providing a framework for the eventual development of safe and effective cannabinoid therapies in veterinary species, this paper sought to characterize the two predominant cannabinoid receptors-CB1R and CB2R-by quantification and localization.
T29921 372545-372807 Sentence denotes In the interest of providing a framework for the eventual development of safe and effective cannabinoid therapies in veterinary species, this paper sought to characterize the two predominant cannabinoid receptors-CB1R and CB2R-by quantification and localization.
TextSentencer_T2671 372808-372956 Sentence denotes Tissue samples were acquired from living adult dogs that presented to the AU-SATH Surgery Department for procedures related to the tissues obtained.
T64180 372808-372956 Sentence denotes Tissue samples were acquired from living adult dogs that presented to the AU-SATH Surgery Department for procedures related to the tissues obtained.
TextSentencer_T2672 372957-373042 Sentence denotes Following collection, the tissue samples were placed in either RNAlater® or formalin.
T19252 372957-373042 Sentence denotes Following collection, the tissue samples were placed in either RNAlater® or formalin.
TextSentencer_T2673 373043-373090 Sentence denotes RNAlater® samples were stored until processing.
T46504 373043-373090 Sentence denotes RNAlater® samples were stored until processing.
TextSentencer_T2674 373091-373156 Sentence denotes Formalin samples were submitted to histopathology for processing.
T72419 373091-373156 Sentence denotes Formalin samples were submitted to histopathology for processing.
TextSentencer_T2675 373157-373246 Sentence denotes In all, 35 tissue samples were collected in RNAlater®, and 12 were collected in formalin.
T3112 373157-373246 Sentence denotes In all, 35 tissue samples were collected in RNAlater®, and 12 were collected in formalin.
TextSentencer_T2676 373247-373363 Sentence denotes RNA was extracted from tissues stored in RNAlater®, converted to cDNA, and quantified using quantitative PCR (qPCR).
T54405 373247-373363 Sentence denotes RNA was extracted from tissues stored in RNAlater®, converted to cDNA, and quantified using quantitative PCR (qPCR).
TextSentencer_T2677 373364-373483 Sentence denotes The data were reported as ratios of CB1R or CB2R gene expression to the constitutively-expressed housekeeping gene B2M.
T15019 373364-373483 Sentence denotes The data were reported as ratios of CB1R or CB2R gene expression to the constitutively-expressed housekeeping gene B2M.
TextSentencer_T2678 373484-373604 Sentence denotes Immunohistochemistry was run using previously-described antibodies, and selective staining was verified by Western blot.
T27187 373484-373604 Sentence denotes Immunohistochemistry was run using previously-described antibodies, and selective staining was verified by Western blot.
TextSentencer_T2679 373605-373880 Sentence denotes Previously undescribed findings in the immunohistochemistry were limited; CB2 receptors stained most darkly in the endothelial cell membranes of most tissues, with less-significant staining scattered throughout the parenchyma, localized microscopically to the cell membranes.
T25403 373605-373880 Sentence denotes Previously undescribed findings in the immunohistochemistry were limited; CB2 receptors stained most darkly in the endothelial cell membranes of most tissues, with less-significant staining scattered throughout the parenchyma, localized microscopically to the cell membranes.
TextSentencer_T2680 373881-374039 Sentence denotes Quantification showed high expression of CB1R gene in the blood, brain, testicles, ovary and uterus, but low expression in kidney, lung, liver and lymph node.
T12203 373881-374039 Sentence denotes Quantification showed high expression of CB1R gene in the blood, brain, testicles, ovary and uterus, but low expression in kidney, lung, liver and lymph node.
TextSentencer_T2681 374040-374153 Sentence denotes Expression values for the CB2R gene have been somewhat limited but show high expression in blood and lymph nodes.
T3031 374040-374153 Sentence denotes Expression values for the CB2R gene have been somewhat limited but show high expression in blood and lymph nodes.
TextSentencer_T2682 374154-374420 Sentence denotes While many findings from previous studies were confirmed, such as the high concentration of CB1R in gray matter and the high concentration of CB2R in blood and lymph nodes, the study also found unexpectedly high quantities of CB2R in both the male and female gonads.
T75261 374154-374420 Sentence denotes While many findings from previous studies were confirmed, such as the high concentration of CB1R in gray matter and the high concentration of CB2R in blood and lymph nodes, the study also found unexpectedly high quantities of CB2R in both the male and female gonads.
TextSentencer_T2683 374421-374550 Sentence denotes Additionally, unexpectedly low levels of CB2R expression were found in the lung and the liver compared to human and mouse models.
T39779 374421-374550 Sentence denotes Additionally, unexpectedly low levels of CB2R expression were found in the lung and the liver compared to human and mouse models.
TextSentencer_T2684 374551-374782 Sentence denotes These results invite future investigation into the reproductive applications of cannabinoids, as well as possible upregulation following exogenous exposure to explain the relatively low expression of CB1R in liver and lung tissues.
T25372 374551-374782 Sentence denotes These results invite future investigation into the reproductive applications of cannabinoids, as well as possible upregulation following exogenous exposure to explain the relatively low expression of CB1R in liver and lung tissues.
TextSentencer_T2685 374783-374910 Sentence denotes Quantification of specific regions of the canine brain may also prove useful in the development of pharmaceutical cannabinoids.
T34397 374783-374910 Sentence denotes Quantification of specific regions of the canine brain may also prove useful in the development of pharmaceutical cannabinoids.
TextSentencer_T2686 374911-375044 Sentence denotes The goal in this study was to evaluate the pharmacodynamics (PD) of MPA after 1 week of varying oral doses of MMF in 10 healthy cats.
T27356 374911-375044 Sentence denotes The goal in this study was to evaluate the pharmacodynamics (PD) of MPA after 1 week of varying oral doses of MMF in 10 healthy cats.
TextSentencer_T2687 375045-375207 Sentence denotes The PD of MPA was evaluated following oral administration of MMF 10mg/kg PO BID (n=3), 15mg/kg PO BID (n=3), and 15mg/kg PO TID (n=4) for up to 1 week in 10 cats.
T53777 375045-375207 Sentence denotes The PD of MPA was evaluated following oral administration of MMF 10mg/kg PO BID (n=3), 15mg/kg PO BID (n=3), and 15mg/kg PO TID (n=4) for up to 1 week in 10 cats.
TextSentencer_T2688 375208-375354 Sentence denotes Blood samples were taken prior to the first administration of MMF, 24 hours into treatment, at day 7 and 12 hours after the last oral dose of MMF.
T12836 375208-375354 Sentence denotes Blood samples were taken prior to the first administration of MMF, 24 hours into treatment, at day 7 and 12 hours after the last oral dose of MMF.
TextSentencer_T2689 375355-375469 Sentence denotes Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was performed using standard methods after each blood draw.
T51473 375355-375469 Sentence denotes Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was performed using standard methods after each blood draw.
TextSentencer_T2690 375470-375572 Sentence denotes All samples were cryopreserved and later thawed for subsequent flow cytometry and analyzed in 1 batch.
T4477 375470-375572 Sentence denotes All samples were cryopreserved and later thawed for subsequent flow cytometry and analyzed in 1 batch.
TextSentencer_T2691 375573-375675 Sentence denotes Percentage of positively stained cells for CD4 + and CD8 + antibody were determined by flow cytometry.
T38809 375573-375675 Sentence denotes Percentage of positively stained cells for CD4 + and CD8 + antibody were determined by flow cytometry.
TextSentencer_T2692 375676-375849 Sentence denotes Total isolated PBMC numbers were variable in all cats tested at premedication, after initiation of oral MPA on day 1, day 7, and after 12 hours of the last dose of oral MMF.
T46506 375676-375849 Sentence denotes Total isolated PBMC numbers were variable in all cats tested at premedication, after initiation of oral MPA on day 1, day 7, and after 12 hours of the last dose of oral MMF.
TextSentencer_T2693 375850-375972 Sentence denotes There was minimal to no change in the average CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocyte counts in the 10mg/kg BID and 15mg/kg BID groups.
T83740 375850-375972 Sentence denotes There was minimal to no change in the average CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocyte counts in the 10mg/kg BID and 15mg/kg BID groups.
TextSentencer_T2694 375973-376075 Sentence denotes There was a mild reduction in CD4 + but not CD8 + lymphocytes in cats treated with 15mg/kg TID of MMF.
T36274 375973-376075 Sentence denotes There was a mild reduction in CD4 + but not CD8 + lymphocytes in cats treated with 15mg/kg TID of MMF.
TextSentencer_T2695 376076-376196 Sentence denotes Overall, the CD4 + :CD8 + ratios were nearly the same in the 10mg/kg BID, 15mg/kg BID, and 15mg/kg TID treatment groups.
T64054 376076-376196 Sentence denotes Overall, the CD4 + :CD8 + ratios were nearly the same in the 10mg/kg BID, 15mg/kg BID, and 15mg/kg TID treatment groups.
TextSentencer_T2696 376197-376284 Sentence denotes This study describes the PD of multi-day oral administration of MMF in 10 healthy cats.
T88801 376197-376284 Sentence denotes This study describes the PD of multi-day oral administration of MMF in 10 healthy cats.
TextSentencer_T2697 376285-376413 Sentence denotes There was little to no change in the CD4 + lymphocyte counts in the 2 BID groups, and a mild reduction in the 15mg/kg TID group.
T43226 376285-376413 Sentence denotes There was little to no change in the CD4 + lymphocyte counts in the 2 BID groups, and a mild reduction in the 15mg/kg TID group.
TextSentencer_T2698 376414-376509 Sentence denotes The CD8 + lymphocytes and the CD4 + :CD8 + ratios, showed little to no change for all 3 groups.
T10931 376414-376509 Sentence denotes The CD8 + lymphocytes and the CD4 + :CD8 + ratios, showed little to no change for all 3 groups.
TextSentencer_T2699 376510-376543 Sentence denotes The results of this study did not
T52928 376510-376543 Sentence denotes The results of this study did not
TextSentencer_T2700 376544-376596 Sentence denotes show an appreciable reduction in T cell suppression.
T60628 376544-376596 Sentence denotes show an appreciable reduction in T cell suppression.
TextSentencer_T2701 376597-376714 Sentence denotes This may be due a short treatment period or due to the presence of un-activated lymphocytes as the cats were healthy.
T17744 376597-376714 Sentence denotes This may be due a short treatment period or due to the presence of un-activated lymphocytes as the cats were healthy.
TextSentencer_T2702 376715-376811 Sentence denotes Future studies will evaluate the PD of MPA in clinically affected feline patients receiving MMF.
T37987 376715-376811 Sentence denotes Future studies will evaluate the PD of MPA in clinically affected feline patients receiving MMF.
TextSentencer_T2703 376812-376943 Sentence denotes Recent studies have highlighted the potential for CYP3A variation in susceptibility to several common phenotypes, including cancer.
T5461 376812-376943 Sentence denotes Recent studies have highlighted the potential for CYP3A variation in susceptibility to several common phenotypes, including cancer.
TextSentencer_T2704 376944-377215 Sentence denotes The objectives of this study were to analyze the sequencing of the canine CYP3A12 gene (NCBI accession NP_001003340) from thirteen clientowned dogs with MCT (Grade II-III) and to investigate the patterns of sequence variation that related to clinical response to therapy.
T79251 376944-377215 Sentence denotes The objectives of this study were to analyze the sequencing of the canine CYP3A12 gene (NCBI accession NP_001003340) from thirteen clientowned dogs with MCT (Grade II-III) and to investigate the patterns of sequence variation that related to clinical response to therapy.
TextSentencer_T2705 377216-377308 Sentence denotes Fisher'; s exact test was used to assess the correlation between SNPs and clinical response.
T57023 377216-377308 Sentence denotes Fisher'; s exact test was used to assess the correlation between SNPs and clinical response.
TextSentencer_T2706 377309-377424 Sentence denotes All 13 patients receiving vinblastine showed signs of toxicity, including vomiting, anorexia, and thrombocytopenia.
T32132 377309-377424 Sentence denotes All 13 patients receiving vinblastine showed signs of toxicity, including vomiting, anorexia, and thrombocytopenia.
TextSentencer_T2707 377425-377655 Sentence denotes Three sets of point mutations were found in 6 patients with silent (T 12574 C, n = 1), missense (T 12564 G, n = 2) with a change in the amino acid (Ile169Leu), and frameshift mutations (Asp153Glufs, n = 3) in the coding sequences.
T55295 377425-377655 Sentence denotes Three sets of point mutations were found in 6 patients with silent (T 12574 C, n = 1), missense (T 12564 G, n = 2) with a change in the amino acid (Ile169Leu), and frameshift mutations (Asp153Glufs, n = 3) in the coding sequences.
TextSentencer_T2708 377656-377798 Sentence denotes Three of 6 patients that showed missense (n = 1) and frameshift mutations (n = 2) presented with recurrent MCT after vinblastine chemotherapy.
T66530 377656-377798 Sentence denotes Three of 6 patients that showed missense (n = 1) and frameshift mutations (n = 2) presented with recurrent MCT after vinblastine chemotherapy.
TextSentencer_T2709 377799-378015 Sentence denotes This could represent a further step toward predicted the clinical response of anticancer chemotherapy. between patients with controlled clinical signs (n=127, 55%) versus those with uncontrolled disease (n=105, 45%).
T1652 377799-378015 Sentence denotes This could represent a further step toward predicted the clinical response of anticancer chemotherapy. between patients with controlled clinical signs (n=127, 55%) versus those with uncontrolled disease (n=105, 45%).
TextSentencer_T2710 378016-378259 Sentence denotes The most common diseases being treated were encephalitis (n = 84), immune-mediated hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia (n = 73), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, n = 59), and other (n = 16, e.g. atopic dermatitis, anal furunculosis, uveitis).
T81216 378016-378259 Sentence denotes The most common diseases being treated were encephalitis (n = 84), immune-mediated hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia (n = 73), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, n = 59), and other (n = 16, e.g. atopic dermatitis, anal furunculosis, uveitis).
TextSentencer_T2711 378260-378418 Sentence denotes CsA peak levels for controlled (1119 ± 704 ng/ml) versus uncontrolled patients (994.84 ± 606 ng/ml) failed to demonstrate a statistical difference (P = 0.15).
T67508 378260-378418 Sentence denotes CsA peak levels for controlled (1119 ± 704 ng/ml) versus uncontrolled patients (994.84 ± 606 ng/ml) failed to demonstrate a statistical difference (P = 0.15).
TextSentencer_T2712 378419-378543 Sentence denotes The t 1/2 of controlled patients (20 ± 40 hrs) was significantly longer than uncontrolled patients (11 ± 20 hrs) (P = 0.02).
T34176 378419-378543 Sentence denotes The t 1/2 of controlled patients (20 ± 40 hrs) was significantly longer than uncontrolled patients (11 ± 20 hrs) (P = 0.02).
TextSentencer_T2713 378544-378613 Sentence denotes Significant variability was found in both peak CsA levels and t 1/2 .
T36722 378544-378613 Sentence denotes Significant variability was found in both peak CsA levels and t 1/2 .
TextSentencer_T2714 378614-378717 Sentence denotes Co-treatment with prednisolone, leflunomide, and ketoconazole, and diseases also increased variability.
T34979 378614-378717 Sentence denotes Co-treatment with prednisolone, leflunomide, and ketoconazole, and diseases also increased variability.
TextSentencer_T2715 378718-378814 Sentence denotes Variability in CsA disposition supports the need for TDM to establish patient therapeutic range.
T37296 378718-378814 Sentence denotes Variability in CsA disposition supports the need for TDM to establish patient therapeutic range.
TextSentencer_T2716 378815-378946 Sentence denotes The IDEXX-SDMA TM test is a non-invasive test being marketed for diagnosing and monitoring chronic kidney disease in cats and dogs.
T75652 378815-378946 Sentence denotes The IDEXX-SDMA TM test is a non-invasive test being marketed for diagnosing and monitoring chronic kidney disease in cats and dogs.
TextSentencer_T2717 378947-379093 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to determine if the serum concentration SDMA and creatinine increase in cats with meloxicam-induced kidney damage.
T1885 378947-379093 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to determine if the serum concentration SDMA and creatinine increase in cats with meloxicam-induced kidney damage.
TextSentencer_T2718 379094-379200 Sentence denotes Female cats (n=12) were allocated to 2 experimental groups: control group (n=6) and meloxicam group (n=6).
T62883 379094-379200 Sentence denotes Female cats (n=12) were allocated to 2 experimental groups: control group (n=6) and meloxicam group (n=6).
TextSentencer_T2719 379201-379295 Sentence denotes Cats in the control and meloxicam groups were treated with saline and meloxicam, respectively.
T73468 379201-379295 Sentence denotes Cats in the control and meloxicam groups were treated with saline and meloxicam, respectively.
TextSentencer_T2720 379296-379414 Sentence denotes Serum SDMA IDEXX TM and creatinine concentrations were assessed before and after the administration of the treatments.
T24508 379296-379414 Sentence denotes Serum SDMA IDEXX TM and creatinine concentrations were assessed before and after the administration of the treatments.
TextSentencer_T2721 379415-379469 Sentence denotes Histopathology was performed on kidneys from all cats.
T78761 379415-379469 Sentence denotes Histopathology was performed on kidneys from all cats.
TextSentencer_T2722 379470-379550 Sentence denotes In the meloxicam group, severe tubular changes were observed in 5 out of 6 cats.
T2313 379470-379550 Sentence denotes In the meloxicam group, severe tubular changes were observed in 5 out of 6 cats.
TextSentencer_T2723 379551-379697 Sentence denotes Before starting the administration of the treatments, all cats had comparable serum concentrations of creatinine (≤1.6 mg/dL) and SDMA (≤14mg/dL).
T41774 379551-379697 Sentence denotes Before starting the administration of the treatments, all cats had comparable serum concentrations of creatinine (≤1.6 mg/dL) and SDMA (≤14mg/dL).
TextSentencer_T2724 379698-379835 Sentence denotes Unexpectedly, SDMA concentrations rose above the normal reference range only in 3 out of the 5 cats with meloxicam-induced kidney damage.
T23011 379698-379835 Sentence denotes Unexpectedly, SDMA concentrations rose above the normal reference range only in 3 out of the 5 cats with meloxicam-induced kidney damage.
TextSentencer_T2725 379836-379942 Sentence denotes The time required for SDMA and creatinine to surpass the reference concentration was similar for each cat.
T78119 379836-379942 Sentence denotes The time required for SDMA and creatinine to surpass the reference concentration was similar for each cat.
TextSentencer_T2726 379943-380077 Sentence denotes This study is the first one reporting the changes in the serum concentration of SDMA in healthy cats that develop NSAID-kidney damage.
T64803 379943-380077 Sentence denotes This study is the first one reporting the changes in the serum concentration of SDMA in healthy cats that develop NSAID-kidney damage.
TextSentencer_T2727 380078-380438 Sentence denotes Results of this study suggest that; (i) the serum concentration of SDMA did not detect kidney tubular damage induced by the repeated administration of meloxicam earlier than creatinine in cats and (ii) clinicians may be unable to detect extensive kidney tubular damage in some cats by using SDMA and creatinine, at least until glomerulus are severely affected.
T97533 380078-380438 Sentence denotes Results of this study suggest that; (i) the serum concentration of SDMA did not detect kidney tubular damage induced by the repeated administration of meloxicam earlier than creatinine in cats and (ii) clinicians may be unable to detect extensive kidney tubular damage in some cats by using SDMA and creatinine, at least until glomerulus are severely affected.
TextSentencer_T2728 380439-380503 Sentence denotes This was a multi-institutional study (n=5 university hospitals).
T47442 380439-380503 Sentence denotes This was a multi-institutional study (n=5 university hospitals).
TextSentencer_T2729 380504-380597 Sentence denotes Patients prescribed oral fluconazole for confirmed or suspected fungal disease were enrolled.
T47002 380504-380597 Sentence denotes Patients prescribed oral fluconazole for confirmed or suspected fungal disease were enrolled.
TextSentencer_T2730 380598-380654 Sentence denotes Dosing protocols were determined by treating clinicians.
T60645 380598-380654 Sentence denotes Dosing protocols were determined by treating clinicians.
TextSentencer_T2731 380655-380796 Sentence denotes One to three serum samples were collected at opportunistic times per fluconazole dose interval; samples from multiple visits were encouraged.
T63074 380655-380796 Sentence denotes One to three serum samples were collected at opportunistic times per fluconazole dose interval; samples from multiple visits were encouraged.
TextSentencer_T2732 380797-380901 Sentence denotes Samples were stored frozen and analyzed with a validated liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method.
T6299 380797-380901 Sentence denotes Samples were stored frozen and analyzed with a validated liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method.
TextSentencer_T2733 380902-381034 Sentence denotes Clinical signs included fever (n=6), cough (5), tachypnea (3), regurgitation (2), ptyalism (1), hematemesis (1), and hemoptysis (1).
T3390 380902-381034 Sentence denotes Clinical signs included fever (n=6), cough (5), tachypnea (3), regurgitation (2), ptyalism (1), hematemesis (1), and hemoptysis (1).
TextSentencer_T2734 381035-381149 Sentence denotes On CBC, peripheral neutrophilia (2) and neutropenia (1) were noted; bands or neutrophil toxicity were common (5) .
T56162 381035-381149 Sentence denotes On CBC, peripheral neutrophilia (2) and neutropenia (1) were noted; bands or neutrophil toxicity were common (5) .
TextSentencer_T2735 381150-381244 Sentence denotes On BALF cytology, degenerate neutrophils (4/6) and intracellular bacteria (3/6) were observed.
T53157 381150-381244 Sentence denotes On BALF cytology, degenerate neutrophils (4/6) and intracellular bacteria (3/6) were observed.
TextSentencer_T2736 381245-381646 Sentence denotes Secondary bacterial pneumonia (4) blinded to diagnosis obtained measurements on a lateral radiograph: number of intercostal spaces from the first rib to carina (ICS), distance from caudal aspect of manubrium to carina (MC), standardized vertebral score by drawing MC from the fourth thoracic vertebrae and counting numbers of included vertebral bodies (VS), and distance from first rib to carina (RC).
T78927 381245-381646 Sentence denotes Secondary bacterial pneumonia (4) blinded to diagnosis obtained measurements on a lateral radiograph: number of intercostal spaces from the first rib to carina (ICS), distance from caudal aspect of manubrium to carina (MC), standardized vertebral score by drawing MC from the fourth thoracic vertebrae and counting numbers of included vertebral bodies (VS), and distance from first rib to carina (RC).
TextSentencer_T2737 381647-381707 Sentence denotes A two factor ANOVA was used; data were reported as mean±SEM.
T54960 381647-381707 Sentence denotes A two factor ANOVA was used; data were reported as mean±SEM.
TextSentencer_T2738 381708-381741 Sentence denotes Seventy-eight cats were included.
T54762 381708-381741 Sentence denotes Seventy-eight cats were included.
TextSentencer_T2739 381742-381816 Sentence denotes The mass group had increased ICS, MC, VS, and RC compared to other groups.
T45355 381742-381816 Sentence denotes The mass group had increased ICS, MC, VS, and RC compared to other groups.
TextSentencer_T2740 381817-381916 Sentence denotes Compared to normal, cats with CPE and NCPE had increased ICS, and CPE cats had increased MC and RC.
T12410 381817-381916 Sentence denotes Compared to normal, cats with CPE and NCPE had increased ICS, and CPE cats had increased MC and RC.
TextSentencer_T2741 381917-382043 Sentence denotes These radiographic measurements may aid clinicians in differentiating between mediastinal masses and pleural effusion in cats.
T98606 381917-382043 Sentence denotes These radiographic measurements may aid clinicians in differentiating between mediastinal masses and pleural effusion in cats.
TextSentencer_T2742 382044-382304 Sentence denotes Morgane Canonne 1 , Elodie Roels 2 , Frederic Billen 2 , Ghita Benchekroun 3 , Cécile Clercx 2 1 Ecole National Vétérinaire de Maisons Alfort, France, Maisons Alfort, Ilede-France, France, 2 NA, Liège, Liege, Belgium, 3 NA, Maisons Alfort, Ilede-France, France
T90055 382044-382304 Sentence denotes Morgane Canonne 1 , Elodie Roels 2 , Frederic Billen 2 , Ghita Benchekroun 3 , Cécile Clercx 2 1 Ecole National Vétérinaire de Maisons Alfort, France, Maisons Alfort, Ilede-France, France, 2 NA, Liège, Liege, Belgium, 3 NA, Maisons Alfort, Ilede-France, France
TextSentencer_T2743 382305-382450 Sentence denotes Despite the widespread use of vaccines, Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) infection is still commonly diagnosed in dogs with lower airway infection.
T66173 382305-382450 Sentence denotes Despite the widespread use of vaccines, Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) infection is still commonly diagnosed in dogs with lower airway infection.
TextSentencer_T2744 382451-382543 Sentence denotes As fatal pneumonia or chronic presentation may be observed, efficient treatment is required.
T37674 382451-382543 Sentence denotes As fatal pneumonia or chronic presentation may be observed, efficient treatment is required.
TextSentencer_T2745 382544-382729 Sentence denotes Aerosolized gentamicin was historically described to maximize local drug delivery with minimal systemic absorption but clinical response to standardized protocols has not been reported.
T17135 382544-382729 Sentence denotes Aerosolized gentamicin was historically described to maximize local drug delivery with minimal systemic absorption but clinical response to standardized protocols has not been reported.
TextSentencer_T2746 382730-382892 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to compare clinical response to two different protocols of aerosolized gentamicin in dogs with confirmed respiratory Bb infection.
T16495 382730-382892 Sentence denotes The objective of this study was to compare clinical response to two different protocols of aerosolized gentamicin in dogs with confirmed respiratory Bb infection.
TextSentencer_T2747 382893-382959 Sentence denotes positive bacterial culture or PCR on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
T11137 382893-382959 Sentence denotes positive bacterial culture or PCR on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
TextSentencer_T2748 382960-383017 Sentence denotes Dogs were recruited over a 5 years'; period (2012-2017) .
T25820 382960-383017 Sentence denotes Dogs were recruited over a 5 years'; period (2012-2017) .
TextSentencer_T2749 383018-383163 Sentence denotes In all dogs, gentamicin was aerosolized for 3 10 minutes twice daily for 3 3 weeks, using a face mask and various types of ultrasonic nebulizers.
T23390 383018-383163 Sentence denotes In all dogs, gentamicin was aerosolized for 3 10 minutes twice daily for 3 3 weeks, using a face mask and various types of ultrasonic nebulizers.
TextSentencer_T2750 383164-383328 Sentence denotes Either a dose of 4 mg/kg of gentamicin diluted with 1-4 parts of saline was used (protocol 1, n=13) or a fixed amount of undiluted 5% gentamicin (protocol 2, n=24).
T16893 383164-383328 Sentence denotes Either a dose of 4 mg/kg of gentamicin diluted with 1-4 parts of saline was used (protocol 1, n=13) or a fixed amount of undiluted 5% gentamicin (protocol 2, n=24).
TextSentencer_T2751 383329-383448 Sentence denotes At first recheck after 3 to _4 weeks, treatment was either stopped or pursued in 3-week increments until clinical cure.
T75502 383329-383448 Sentence denotes At first recheck after 3 to _4 weeks, treatment was either stopped or pursued in 3-week increments until clinical cure.
TextSentencer_T2752 383449-383576 Sentence denotes Clinical cure was defined as resolution of clinical signs (absence of cough) and radiographical lesions improvement/resolution.
T23485 383449-383576 Sentence denotes Clinical cure was defined as resolution of clinical signs (absence of cough) and radiographical lesions improvement/resolution.
TextSentencer_T2753 383577-383999 Sentence denotes Proportion of dogs clinically cured at first recheck and median total duration of treatment were compared between treatment protocols; additionally, the effect of some factors (age, breed, co-infections with other bacteria including M. cynos, presence of alveolar lesions, previous steroid therapy and severity of neutrophilia of the lavage) on cure and treatment duration was analysed (Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests).
T18430 383577-383999 Sentence denotes Proportion of dogs clinically cured at first recheck and median total duration of treatment were compared between treatment protocols; additionally, the effect of some factors (age, breed, co-infections with other bacteria including M. cynos, presence of alveolar lesions, previous steroid therapy and severity of neutrophilia of the lavage) on cure and treatment duration was analysed (Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests).
TextSentencer_T2754 384000-384056 Sentence denotes Thirty-seven dogs were recruited (18 males, 19 females).
T21930 384000-384056 Sentence denotes Thirty-seven dogs were recruited (18 males, 19 females).
TextSentencer_T2755 384057-384122 Sentence denotes Median age was 6 months [5weeks-7years] and median BW was 6.8 kg.
T43185 384057-384122 Sentence denotes Median age was 6 months [5weeks-7years] and median BW was 6.8 kg.
TextSentencer_T2756 384123-384318 Sentence denotes Brachycephalic breeds, Yorkshires and Chihuahuas were overrepresented (20/37 dogs (54%)) and 35/37 dogs (95%) had previously been treated with oral antimicrobial therapy with poor or no response.
T29231 384123-384318 Sentence denotes Brachycephalic breeds, Yorkshires and Chihuahuas were overrepresented (20/37 dogs (54%)) and 35/37 dogs (95%) had previously been treated with oral antimicrobial therapy with poor or no response.
TextSentencer_T2757 384319-384413 Sentence denotes Twenty dogs (54%) had alveolar pattern on thoracic radiographs suggestive of bronchopneumonia.
T32775 384319-384413 Sentence denotes Twenty dogs (54%) had alveolar pattern on thoracic radiographs suggestive of bronchopneumonia.
TextSentencer_T2758 384414-384511 Sentence denotes There was no difference in demographic and clinical data between dogs included in both protocols.
T4097 384414-384511 Sentence denotes There was no difference in demographic and clinical data between dogs included in both protocols.
TextSentencer_T2759 384512-384592 Sentence denotes Treatment was well tolerated in all dogs and no undesirable effect was observed.
T29567 384512-384592 Sentence denotes Treatment was well tolerated in all dogs and no undesirable effect was observed.
TextSentencer_T2760 384593-384765 Sentence denotes Clinical cure at first recheck tended to be more frequently observed in dogs treated with protocol 2 (13/24 [54%] dogs) compared with protocol 1 (3/13 [23%] dogs) (p=0.06).
T56984 384593-384765 Sentence denotes Clinical cure at first recheck tended to be more frequently observed in dogs treated with protocol 2 (13/24 [54%] dogs) compared with protocol 1 (3/13 [23%] dogs) (p=0.06).
TextSentencer_T2761 384766-384903 Sentence denotes The median duration of treatment was shorter with protocol 2 (4 weeks, range 3-9) compared with protocol 1 (6 weeks, range 3-8) (p=0.03).
T18048 384766-384903 Sentence denotes The median duration of treatment was shorter with protocol 2 (4 weeks, range 3-9) compared with protocol 1 (6 weeks, range 3-8) (p=0.03).
TextSentencer_T2762 384904-384997 Sentence denotes None of the clinical or pathological parameter studied was associated with clinical response.
T36379 384904-384997 Sentence denotes None of the clinical or pathological parameter studied was associated with clinical response.
TextSentencer_T2763 384998-385229 Sentence denotes In conclusion, while being more time-consuming than oral antimicrobial therapy, aerosolized gentamicin appears safe and promising for treating dogs with Bb infection, particularly for cases refractory to oral antimicrobial therapy.
T38611 384998-385229 Sentence denotes In conclusion, while being more time-consuming than oral antimicrobial therapy, aerosolized gentamicin appears safe and promising for treating dogs with Bb infection, particularly for cases refractory to oral antimicrobial therapy.
TextSentencer_T2764 385230-385421 Sentence denotes Protocol 2 using undiluted 5% solution for 3 10 minutes, that allows delivery of gentamycin in amounts proportional to the individual minute volume, could offer shorter duration of treatment.
T37501 385230-385421 Sentence denotes Protocol 2 using undiluted 5% solution for 3 10 minutes, that allows delivery of gentamycin in amounts proportional to the individual minute volume, could offer shorter duration of treatment.
TextSentencer_T2765 385422-385537 Sentence denotes Abnormalities on VFSS were categorized as gastroesophageal reflux (GER), hiatal hernia, dysmotility and aspiration.
T83472 385422-385537 Sentence denotes Abnormalities on VFSS were categorized as gastroesophageal reflux (GER), hiatal hernia, dysmotility and aspiration.
TextSentencer_T2766 385538-385578 Sentence denotes Thirty-two cases met inclusion criteria.
T7604 385538-385578 Sentence denotes Thirty-two cases met inclusion criteria.
TextSentencer_T2767 385579-385660 Sentence denotes Median(IQR) age was 6(18.1) years with no identified breed or sex predisposition.
T56436 385579-385660 Sentence denotes Median(IQR) age was 6(18.1) years with no identified breed or sex predisposition.
TextSentencer_T2768 385661-385710 Sentence denotes Median(IQR) duration of cough was 4(7.25) months.
T30685 385661-385710 Sentence denotes Median(IQR) duration of cough was 4(7.25) months.
TextSentencer_T2769 385711-385811 Sentence denotes Thoracic radiographs were unremarkable in 10/32 dogs, with evidence of aspiration pneumonia in 4/32.
T16400 385711-385811 Sentence denotes Thoracic radiographs were unremarkable in 10/32 dogs, with evidence of aspiration pneumonia in 4/32.
TextSentencer_T2770 385812-385862 Sentence denotes Abnormalities on VFSS were detected in 30/32 dogs.
T50600 385812-385862 Sentence denotes Abnormalities on VFSS were detected in 30/32 dogs.
TextSentencer_T2771 385863-386038 Sentence denotes Abnormalities included GER in 13/30 dogs with large volume GER in 5/6 dogs later diagnosed with laryngeal paralysis and 3/3 dogs diagnosed via VFSS with sliding hiatal hernia.
T24877 385863-386038 Sentence denotes Abnormalities included GER in 13/30 dogs with large volume GER in 5/6 dogs later diagnosed with laryngeal paralysis and 3/3 dogs diagnosed via VFSS with sliding hiatal hernia.
TextSentencer_T2772 386039-386110 Sentence denotes Pharyngeal and/or esophageal hypomotility were each found in 7/30 dogs.
T66904 386039-386110 Sentence denotes Pharyngeal and/or esophageal hypomotility were each found in 7/30 dogs.
TextSentencer_T2773 386111-386148 Sentence denotes Megaesophagus was noted in 4/30 dogs.
T77049 386111-386148 Sentence denotes Megaesophagus was noted in 4/30 dogs.
TextSentencer_T2774 386149-386193 Sentence denotes Macroaspiration was identified in 4/30 dogs.
T26099 386149-386193 Sentence denotes Macroaspiration was identified in 4/30 dogs.
TextSentencer_T2775 386194-386412 Sentence denotes Final respiratory diagnoses for dogs with abnormal VFSS included chronic bronchitis (9), laryngeal paralysis (6), and laryngeal polyp (1) Tracheal collapse is a devastating disease primarily affecting small breed dogs.
T83489 386194-386412 Sentence denotes Final respiratory diagnoses for dogs with abnormal VFSS included chronic bronchitis (9), laryngeal paralysis (6), and laryngeal polyp (1) Tracheal collapse is a devastating disease primarily affecting small breed dogs.
TextSentencer_T2776 386413-386558 Sentence denotes When medical management fails, surgical therapy with cervical tracheal rings and/or tracheal stents may be used for palliation of clinical signs.
T76885 386413-386558 Sentence denotes When medical management fails, surgical therapy with cervical tracheal rings and/or tracheal stents may be used for palliation of clinical signs.
TextSentencer_T2777 386559-386754 Sentence denotes Tracheal rings may be preferred in cases of cervical or thoracic inlet collapse in order to prevent stent-associated complications such as granulation tissues, persistent cough or stent fracture.
T93238 386559-386754 Sentence denotes Tracheal rings may be preferred in cases of cervical or thoracic inlet collapse in order to prevent stent-associated complications such as granulation tissues, persistent cough or stent fracture.
TextSentencer_T2778 386755-386980 Sentence denotes However, as tracheal collapse is considered progressive, dogs that initially improved following tracheal ring placement may have recurrent intra-thoracic airway obstruction that requires an intrathoracic stent for palliation.
T68742 386755-386980 Sentence denotes However, as tracheal collapse is considered progressive, dogs that initially improved following tracheal ring placement may have recurrent intra-thoracic airway obstruction that requires an intrathoracic stent for palliation.
TextSentencer_T2779 386981-387138 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics and outcome of dogs that received tracheal stents following earlier placement of tracheal rings.
T91899 386981-387138 Sentence denotes The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics and outcome of dogs that received tracheal stents following earlier placement of tracheal rings.
TextSentencer_T2780 387139-387231 Sentence denotes The electronic medical record was searched for dogs that underwent placement tracheal rings.
T70532 387139-387231 Sentence denotes The electronic medical record was searched for dogs that underwent placement tracheal rings.
TextSentencer_T2781 387232-387451 Sentence denotes The records were retrieved, and records of dogs that subsequently underwent placement of a tracheal stent were further evaluated for breed, age at placement of rings and duration between rings and stent were identified.
T88351 387232-387451 Sentence denotes The records were retrieved, and records of dogs that subsequently underwent placement of a tracheal stent were further evaluated for breed, age at placement of rings and duration between rings and stent were identified.
TextSentencer_T2782 387452-387590 Sentence denotes Forty-seven dogs underwent tracheal ring placement during the study period, including 36 Yorkshire terriers and 11 Non-Yorkshire terriers.
T71978 387452-387590 Sentence denotes Forty-seven dogs underwent tracheal ring placement during the study period, including 36 Yorkshire terriers and 11 Non-Yorkshire terriers.
TextSentencer_T2783 387591-387684 Sentence denotes Two dogs had both rings and stents placed during a single hospitalization prior to discharge.
T21621 387591-387684 Sentence denotes Two dogs had both rings and stents placed during a single hospitalization prior to discharge.
TextSentencer_T2784 387685-387773 Sentence denotes One dog was euthanized after ring placement following the development of suspected ARDS.
T3798 387685-387773 Sentence denotes One dog was euthanized after ring placement following the development of suspected ARDS.
TextSentencer_T2785 387774-387849 Sentence denotes Forty-four dogs were discharged following isolated tracheal ring placement.
T55778 387774-387849 Sentence denotes Forty-four dogs were discharged following isolated tracheal ring placement.
TextSentencer_T2786 387850-388021 Sentence denotes Nine Yorkshire terriers (19%) subsequently underwent tracheal stent placement a median of 3.6 years (range 1.3 to 5.8 years) following initial placement of tracheal rings.
T507 387850-388021 Sentence denotes Nine Yorkshire terriers (19%) subsequently underwent tracheal stent placement a median of 3.6 years (range 1.3 to 5.8 years) following initial placement of tracheal rings.
TextSentencer_T2787 388022-388243 Sentence denotes Dogs that underwent both tracheal rings and stenting were significantly (p = 0.03) younger than dogs that did not ultimately have both procedures at the time of the original ring placement (5.6 ±1.3 years; 7.6±2.6 years).
T74533 388022-388243 Sentence denotes Dogs that underwent both tracheal rings and stenting were significantly (p = 0.03) younger than dogs that did not ultimately have both procedures at the time of the original ring placement (5.6 ±1.3 years; 7.6±2.6 years).
TextSentencer_T2788 388244-388343 Sentence denotes One dog that underwent both procedures had a seizure and died at home two days following discharge.
T78435 388244-388343 Sentence denotes One dog that underwent both procedures had a seizure and died at home two days following discharge.
TextSentencer_T2789 388344-388496 Sentence denotes Two dogs subsequently were euthanized due to progressive airway obstruction from stent-associated granulation tissue, and one dog died due to pneumonia.
T1366 388344-388496 Sentence denotes Two dogs subsequently were euthanized due to progressive airway obstruction from stent-associated granulation tissue, and one dog died due to pneumonia.
TextSentencer_T2790 388497-388601 Sentence denotes Tracheal stenting may be performed after earlier ring placement in dogs with progressive airway disease.
T37229 388497-388601 Sentence denotes Tracheal stenting may be performed after earlier ring placement in dogs with progressive airway disease.
TextSentencer_T2791 388602-388745 Sentence denotes Younger age at initial ring placement as well as being a Yorkshire terrier may increase the likelihood undergoing subsequent tracheal stenting.
T80062 388602-388745 Sentence denotes Younger age at initial ring placement as well as being a Yorkshire terrier may increase the likelihood undergoing subsequent tracheal stenting.
TextSentencer_T2792 388746-388770 Sentence denotes Epiglottic Retroversion:
T70178 388746-388770 Sentence denotes Epiglottic Retroversion:
TextSentencer_T2793 388771-388872 Sentence denotes Concurrent Diseases, Management, and Outcome in 13 Cases (2012) (2013) (2014) (2015) (2016) (2017) A.
T95505 388771-388872 Sentence denotes Concurrent Diseases, Management, and Outcome in 13 Cases (2012) (2013) (2014) (2015) (2016) (2017) A.
TextSentencer_T2794 388873-388903 Sentence denotes Taylor, Elizabeth Rozanski, J.
T78343 388873-388903 Sentence denotes Taylor, Elizabeth Rozanski, J.
TextSentencer_T2795 388904-389109 Sentence denotes Gladden Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA Epiglottic retroversion (ER) is the displacement of the epiglottis into the lumen of the larynx resulting in inspiratory airflow limitation and/or distress.
T1171 388904-389109 Sentence denotes Gladden Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA Epiglottic retroversion (ER) is the displacement of the epiglottis into the lumen of the larynx resulting in inspiratory airflow limitation and/or distress.
TextSentencer_T2796 389110-389254 Sentence denotes It is unclear how often ER is a primary disease in dogs versus a condition that develops secondarily to other upper airway obstructive diseases.
T50620 389110-389254 Sentence denotes It is unclear how often ER is a primary disease in dogs versus a condition that develops secondarily to other upper airway obstructive diseases.
TextSentencer_T2797 389255-389359 Sentence denotes The goal of this study was to describe the concurrent diseases, management, and outcome in dogs with ER.
T2928 389255-389359 Sentence denotes The goal of this study was to describe the concurrent diseases, management, and outcome in dogs with ER.
TextSentencer_T2798 389360-389595 Sentence denotes The electronic medical records system was searched for "epiglottic retroversion," "epiglottic entrapment" and "epiglotto-pexy." Diagnosis was made upon sedated oral examination and tracheoscopy, with or without doxapram administration.
T37671 389360-389595 Sentence denotes The electronic medical records system was searched for "epiglottic retroversion," "epiglottic entrapment" and "epiglotto-pexy." Diagnosis was made upon sedated oral examination and tracheoscopy, with or without doxapram administration.
TextSentencer_T2799 389596-389670 Sentence denotes The records were reviewed and data was collected for descriptive analysis.
T50244 389596-389670 Sentence denotes The records were reviewed and data was collected for descriptive analysis.
TextSentencer_T2800 389671-389712 Sentence denotes Thirteen dogs met the inclusion criteria.
T63161 389671-389712 Sentence denotes Thirteen dogs met the inclusion criteria.
TextSentencer_T2801 389713-389751 Sentence denotes The following breeds were represented:
T43122 389713-389751 Sentence denotes The following breeds were represented:
TextSentencer_T2802 389752-389901 Sentence denotes Yorkshire terrier (n=5), and one each of chihuahua, havanese, miniature schnauzer, Parson Russell terrier, pomeranian, pug, shih tzu, and toy poodle.
T87030 389752-389901 Sentence denotes Yorkshire terrier (n=5), and one each of chihuahua, havanese, miniature schnauzer, Parson Russell terrier, pomeranian, pug, shih tzu, and toy poodle.
TextSentencer_T2803 389902-389969 Sentence denotes Seven dogs were males (6 neutered) and six were females (5 spayed).
T29217 389902-389969 Sentence denotes Seven dogs were males (6 neutered) and six were females (5 spayed).
TextSentencer_T2804 389970-390041 Sentence denotes The mean age was 9.3 ± 2.4 years, and the mean weight was 4.6 ± 2.8 kg.
T1260 389970-390041 Sentence denotes The mean age was 9.3 ± 2.4 years, and the mean weight was 4.6 ± 2.8 kg.
TextSentencer_T2805 390042-390110 Sentence denotes Two dogs had ER with no evidence of concurrent upper airway disease.
T8604 390042-390110 Sentence denotes Two dogs had ER with no evidence of concurrent upper airway disease.
TextSentencer_T2806 390111-390301 Sentence denotes The remaining eleven dogs had a combination of concurrent tracheal collapse, elongated soft palate, and laryngeal paralysis with concurrent elongated soft palate being the most common (n=6).
T59398 390111-390301 Sentence denotes The remaining eleven dogs had a combination of concurrent tracheal collapse, elongated soft palate, and laryngeal paralysis with concurrent elongated soft palate being the most common (n=6).
TextSentencer_T2807 390302-390413 Sentence denotes Treatment included an epiglotto-pexy performed in 12 of 13 dogs, and a epiglottectomy was performed in one dog.
T84058 390302-390413 Sentence denotes Treatment included an epiglotto-pexy performed in 12 of 13 dogs, and a epiglottectomy was performed in one dog.
TextSentencer_T2808 390414-390505 Sentence denotes Four dogs had a staphylectomy, and one dog underwent an arytenoid lateralization procedure.
T48854 390414-390505 Sentence denotes Four dogs had a staphylectomy, and one dog underwent an arytenoid lateralization procedure.
TextSentencer_T2809 390506-390545 Sentence denotes All dogs recovered and were discharged.
T15571 390506-390545 Sentence denotes All dogs recovered and were discharged.
TextSentencer_T2810 390546-390666 Sentence denotes Epiglottic retroversion may contribute to respiratory distress and is commonly is associated with other airway diseases.
T95581 390546-390666 Sentence denotes Epiglottic retroversion may contribute to respiratory distress and is commonly is associated with other airway diseases.
TextSentencer_T2811 390667-390762 Sentence denotes Additionally, epiglotto-pexy in dogs with ER may help reduce clinical signs attributable to ER.
T54219 390667-390762 Sentence denotes Additionally, epiglotto-pexy in dogs with ER may help reduce clinical signs attributable to ER.
TextSentencer_T2812 390763-391037 Sentence denotes Po-ching (Lydia) Pan 1 , Christine Savidge 2 , Pierre Amsellem 2 , Stephanie Hamilton 2 1 Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PI, Canada, 2 Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, CHARLOTTETOWN, PI, Canada
T43131 390763-391037 Sentence denotes Po-ching (Lydia) Pan 1 , Christine Savidge 2 , Pierre Amsellem 2 , Stephanie Hamilton 2 1 Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PI, Canada, 2 Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, CHARLOTTETOWN, PI, Canada
TextSentencer_T2813 391038-391237 Sentence denotes Objectives of this study were to compare effects of alfaxalone and propofol on laryngeal function and evaluate laryngeal function with a numerical, objective scoring system via computerized software.
T95194 391038-391237 Sentence denotes Objectives of this study were to compare effects of alfaxalone and propofol on laryngeal function and evaluate laryngeal function with a numerical, objective scoring system via computerized software.
TextSentencer_T2814 391238-391362 Sentence denotes Ten healthy beagle dogs were randomly assigned to receive either propofol or alfaxalone in this crossover prospective study.
T77701 391238-391362 Sentence denotes Ten healthy beagle dogs were randomly assigned to receive either propofol or alfaxalone in this crossover prospective study.
TextSentencer_T2815 391363-391541 Sentence denotes Propofol was administered at 5 mg/kg/min intravenously and alfaxalone was administered at 2 mg/kg/min intravenously until the dogs'; mouths could be opened for videolaryngoscopy.
T50056 391363-391541 Sentence denotes Propofol was administered at 5 mg/kg/min intravenously and alfaxalone was administered at 2 mg/kg/min intravenously until the dogs'; mouths could be opened for videolaryngoscopy.
TextSentencer_T2816 391542-391612 Sentence denotes Two weeks later, dogs were evaluated using the other anesthetic agent.
T59803 391542-391612 Sentence denotes Two weeks later, dogs were evaluated using the other anesthetic agent.
TextSentencer_T2817 391613-391670 Sentence denotes Videos were analyzed by GlotAnTools and Image J software.
T67446 391613-391670 Sentence denotes Videos were analyzed by GlotAnTools and Image J software.
TextSentencer_T2818 391671-391834 Sentence denotes Values of the area of the rima glottidis (A) and major length axis (L) (Figure 1 ) were processed at 0.02 second increments from the final 30 seconds of recording.
T71206 391671-391834 Sentence denotes Values of the area of the rima glottidis (A) and major length axis (L) (Figure 1 ) were processed at 0.02 second increments from the final 30 seconds of recording.
TextSentencer_T2819 391835-391932 Sentence denotes A normalized measure was computed as A/L, representing the "elongatedness" of the rima glottidis.
T7367 391835-391932 Sentence denotes A normalized measure was computed as A/L, representing the "elongatedness" of the rima glottidis.
TextSentencer_T2820 391933-392010 Sentence denotes Small (large) values correspond to thin (thick) shapes along the length axis.
T21415 391933-392010 Sentence denotes Small (large) values correspond to thin (thick) shapes along the length axis.
TextSentencer_T2821 392011-392074 Sentence denotes The breath with the greatest laryngeal movement was identified.
T35914 392011-392074 Sentence denotes The breath with the greatest laryngeal movement was identified.
TextSentencer_T2822 392075-392164 Sentence denotes The difference between maximal and minimal values in each breathing cycle was calculated.
T62732 392075-392164 Sentence denotes The difference between maximal and minimal values in each breathing cycle was calculated.
TextSentencer_T2823 392165-392318 Sentence denotes Shape values ranged between 9.6 and 138 (pixel lengths) and the differences between maximal and minimal values ranged between 2.6 and 61 (pixel lengths).
T90165 392165-392318 Sentence denotes Shape values ranged between 9.6 and 138 (pixel lengths) and the differences between maximal and minimal values ranged between 2.6 and 61 (pixel lengths).
TextSentencer_T2824 392319-392460 Sentence denotes The final statistical model showed a significant drug effect (p=0.016); the variability in shape for alfaxalone was about 40% (39.5%, 95% CI:
T25692 392319-392460 Sentence denotes The final statistical model showed a significant drug effect (p=0.016); the variability in shape for alfaxalone was about 40% (39.5%, 95% CI:
TextSentencer_T2825 392461-392495 Sentence denotes 19.6%-79.6%) of that for propofol.
T59137 392461-392495 Sentence denotes 19.6%-79.6%) of that for propofol.
TextSentencer_T2826 392496-392577 Sentence denotes Propofol proved superior for evaluation of laryngeal function in healthy beagles.
T13483 392496-392577 Sentence denotes Propofol proved superior for evaluation of laryngeal function in healthy beagles.
TextSentencer_T2827 392578-392638 Sentence denotes Software programs provided objective numbers for comparison.
T47398 392578-392638 Sentence denotes Software programs provided objective numbers for comparison.