CORD-19-Sentences  

CORD-19:12ff80fec2dec1a3a9ca17de05baa15dfbfd0398 JSONTXT 8 Projects

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Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
TextSentencer_T1 0-70 Sentence denotes Genetic characterization of feline bocavirus detected in cats in Japan
TextSentencer_T2 72-80 Sentence denotes Abstract
TextSentencer_T3 81-160 Sentence denotes Feline bocavirus (FBoV) has been classified into three genotypes (FBoV1-FBoV3).
TextSentencer_T4 161-196 Sentence denotes FBoVs are mainly detected in feces.
TextSentencer_T5 197-314 Sentence denotes In the present study, we collected rectal swabs from cats in Japan and examined the samples for the presence of FBoV.
TextSentencer_T6 315-361 Sentence denotes The FBoV infection rate was 9.9 % in 101 cats.
TextSentencer_T7 362-447 Sentence denotes No significant association was observed between FBoV infection and clinical symptoms.
TextSentencer_T8 448-602 Sentence denotes Based on the fulllength NS1 protein, the three strains of FBoVs detected in the present study shared high homologies with the genotype 2 FBoV POR1 strain.
TextSentencer_T9 603-651 Sentence denotes This is the first study to report FBoV in Japan.
TextSentencer_T10 652-753 Sentence denotes Bocavirus (BoV) is a member of the family Parvoviridae, subfamily Parvovirinae, genus Bocavirus [13].
TextSentencer_T11 754-820 Sentence denotes FBoV has an approximately 5.0-kbp linear single-strand DNA genome.
TextSentencer_T12 821-882 Sentence denotes There are three open reading frames (ORFs) in the BoV genome.
TextSentencer_T13 883-974 Sentence denotes ORF1 encodes non-structural protein (NS) 1, ORF2 encodes viral capsid proteins VP1 and VP2.
TextSentencer_T14 975-1094 Sentence denotes ORF3 encodes the non-structural protein with unknown function-1 (NP1) and is present between the NS1 and VP1/VP2 genes.
TextSentencer_T15 1095-1182 Sentence denotes The ORF3 gene is unique and has not been detected in parvoviruses other than BoV [14] .
TextSentencer_T16 1183-1298 Sentence denotes BoV infections have been confirmed in humans, mice, dogs, pigs, cows, and California sea lions [2, [4] [5] [6] 8] .
TextSentencer_T17 1299-1357 Sentence denotes A number of clinical symptoms occur in BoV-infected hosts.
TextSentencer_T18 1358-1482 Sentence denotes For example, respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported in humans infected with human BoV (HBoV) [9, 17] .
TextSentencer_T19 1483-1539 Sentence denotes Gastroenteritis caused by canine bocavirus 1 (CBoV1) and
TextSentencer_T20 1541-1571 Sentence denotes CBoV2 occurs in dogs [1, 12] .
TextSentencer_T21 1572-1651 Sentence denotes In pigs, porcine BoV (PBoV) has been associated with diarrhea in piglets [15] .
TextSentencer_T22 1652-1818 Sentence denotes Since infection was initially confirmed in 2011 in Hong Kong [7] , feline bocavirus (FBoV) infection has been subsequently reported in Portugal and the USA [11, 16] .
TextSentencer_T23 1819-1898 Sentence denotes Three genotypes of FBoV (FBoV1, FBoV2, and FBoV3) have been identified to date.
TextSentencer_T24 1899-2081 Sentence denotes Although FBoV is mainly detected in the feces of cats [7] , the relationship between the prevalence of FBoV in feces and gastrointestinal symptoms in cats has not yet been clarified.
TextSentencer_T25 2082-2168 Sentence denotes Moreover, the prevalence of FBoV infection in cats in Japan currently remains unknown.
TextSentencer_T26 2169-2293 Sentence denotes In the present study, we collected rectal swabs from cats in Japan and examined the samples for the presence of FBoV by PCR.
TextSentencer_T27 2294-2466 Sentence denotes The amino acid sequence of the whole NS1 protein in the FBoV detected was also deduced, and its genetic relationship to other BoVs was examined using phylogenetic analysis.
TextSentencer_T28 2467-2583 Sentence denotes Rectal swab samples were collected from 48 cats without clinical illness and 53 cats with gastrointestinal symptoms.
TextSentencer_T29 2584-2717 Sentence denotes These samples were submitted by veterinary clinics in Japan between 2012 and 2015 (Aomori, Saitama, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Mie, and Osaka).
TextSentencer_T30 2718-2866 Sentence denotes Viral DNA was extracted from the samples using a High Pure Viral Nucleic Acid Kit (Roche, Switzerland) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
TextSentencer_T31 2867-3188 Sentence denotes Viral DNA was amplified by PCR, which was performed in a total volume of 50 lL using the following two methods: (i) Detection of FBoV1, 2, and 3: two lL of sample cDNA was mixed with 25 lL of Quick Taq HS DyeMix (Toyobo, Japan), 1 lL of 20 lM primer mix (primer sequences shown in Table 1 ), and 22 lL of distilled water.
TextSentencer_T32 3189-3255 Sentence denotes DNA was amplified using a PCR Thermal Cycler Dice (TaKaRa, Japan).
TextSentencer_T33 3256-3352 Sentence denotes The PCR conditions for detecting FBoV1, FBoV2, and FBoV3 were described previously [7, 11, 16] .
TextSentencer_T34 3353-3559 Sentence denotes The methods used to detect viral genes other than those of FBoVs have also been described & Tsutomu Hohdatsu hohdatsu@vmas.kitasato-u.ac.jp previously [13] . (ii) Preparation of PCR products for sequencing:
TextSentencer_T35 3560-3877 Sentence denotes Three lL of sample cDNA was mixed with 10 lL of 5-fold PrimeSTAR Buffer (TaKaRa, Japan), 4 lL of dNTP Mixture (TaKaRa, Japan) containing 2.5 mM of each dNTP, 1 lL of 20 lM primer mix (primer sequences shown in Table 1 ), 0.5 lL of PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase (2.5 U/mL; TaKaRa, Japan), and 31.5 lL of distilled water.
TextSentencer_T36 3878-4104 Sentence denotes Using a thermal cycler, DNA was amplified at 98°C for 1 min, followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 98°C for 10 s, primer annealing at 55°C for 15 s, and synthesis at 72°C for 1 min, with a final extension at 72°C for 5 min.
TextSentencer_T37 4105-4180 Sentence denotes Thirty microliters of PCR products were electrophoresed as described above.
TextSentencer_T38 4181-4319 Sentence denotes Singlet bands were excised and transferred to microtubes, and DNA was purified using a QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (QIAGEN GmbH, Germany).
TextSentencer_T39 4320-4473 Sentence denotes Purified DNA was subjected to TA cloning using the Mighty TA-Cloning Reagent Set for PrimeSTAR (TaKaRa, Japan) following the manufacturer's instructions.
TextSentencer_T40 4474-4570 Sentence denotes The purified plasmids containing PCR products were sent to Sigma Aldrich (Japan) for sequencing.
TextSentencer_T41 4571-4692 Sentence denotes The sequences of the virus genomes were determined, and phylogenetic trees were analyzed using MEGA software (version 6).
TextSentencer_T42 4693-4877 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic relationships were determined using the neighbor-joining algorithm, and branching order reliability was evaluated by 1,000 replications of a bootstrap resampling analysis.
TextSentencer_T43 4878-5136 Sentence denotes The phylogenetic tree of the fulllength NS1 protein was prepared as described previously by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (http://talk.ictvonline.org/files/ictv_official_taxonomy_ updates_since_the_8th_report/m/vertebrate-official/4844).
TextSentencer_T44 5137-5286 Sentence denotes FBoV was detected in rectal swabs collected from cats, and was screened using known primers that react specifically with each of the three genotypes.
TextSentencer_T45 5287-5337 Sentence denotes Ten (9.9 %) out of 101 samples were FBoV positive.
TextSentencer_T46 5338-5398 Sentence denotes These samples only reacted with the primers detecting FBoV2.
TextSentencer_T47 5399-5480 Sentence denotes Information on cats in which the FBoV genome was identified is shown in Table 2 .
TextSentencer_T48 5481-5585 Sentence denotes We investigated FBoV infection and its relationship to the age, sex, and clinical condition of the cats.
TextSentencer_T49 5586-5662 Sentence denotes No significant association was found between FBoV infection and age in cats.
TextSentencer_T50 5663-5730 Sentence denotes Sex and clinical condition were also not related to FBoV infection.
TextSentencer_T51 5731-5845 Sentence denotes Amino acid sequences were deduced from FBoV NS1 gene fragments (partial NS1 gene) detected in ten cats (Fig. 1A) .
TextSentencer_T52 5846-5982 Sentence denotes In all positive samples, the FBoV detected showed high homology to the FBoV2 POR1 strain found in the feces of cats in Portugal in 2014.
TextSentencer_T53 5983-6137 Sentence denotes In order to identify the FBoV genotype, we attempted to detect the full-length NS1 gene of FBoV and successfully identified it in three out of 10 samples.
TextSentencer_T54 6138-6268 Sentence denotes The three samples of the FBoV full-length NS1 gene were subjected to sequence analysis, and the amino acid sequences were deduced.
TextSentencer_T55 6269-6418 Sentence denotes A phylogenetic tree analysis based on the amino acid sequence of the full-length NS1 protein revealed homologies to the FBoV2 POR1 strain (Fig. 1B) .
TextSentencer_T56 6419-6599 Sentence denotes The fulllength NS1 protein of the FBoV KU-58 strain, KU-61 strain, and KU-89 strain showed 87.7, 88.1, and 87.3 % sequence identity, respectively, to that of the FBoV2 POR1 strain.
TextSentencer_T57 6600-6768 Sentence denotes When the difference in the amino acid sequence of the full-length NS1 protein between BoV strains is [15 % [3] , the stains are considered to be of different genotypes.
TextSentencer_T58 6769-6881 Sentence denotes Based on this definition, these FBoV strains belong to the clade genotype 2 FBoV, as does the FBoV2 POR1 strain.
TextSentencer_T59 6882-6954 Sentence denotes The FBoV-positive rate in the feces of cats in Japan was 9.9 % (10/101).
TextSentencer_T60 6955-7124 Sentence denotes Previous studies reported prevalence rates for FBoV of 7.2 % (26/363), 5.5 % (3/55), and 8.0 % (2/25) in Hong Kong [7] , Portugal [11] , and the USA [16] , respectively.
TextSentencer_T61 7125-7197 Sentence denotes The FBoV-positive rate in Japan was similar to those in other countries.
TextSentencer_T62 7198-7268 Sentence denotes All FBoVs detected in the present study were classified as genotype 2.
TextSentencer_T63 7269-7569 Sentence denotes According to Lau et al., all FBoVs detected in Hong Kong were genotype 1 [7] , whereas Ng et al. reported that FBoVs detected in Portugal were genotype 2 [11] , and Zhang et al. found that FBoVs detected in the USA were genotypes 1 and 3 [16] , suggesting that the FBoV genotype varies among regions.
TextSentencer_T64 7570-7714 Sentence denotes This was an initial survey targeting all genotypes of FBoV, and thus, further studies on the FBoV genotypes and their distribution are expected.
TextSentencer_T65 7715-7771 Sentence denotes The pathogenicity of FBoV has not yet been investigated.
TextSentencer_T66 7772-7854 Sentence denotes We found no significant association between FBoV2 infection and clinical symptoms.
TextSentencer_T67 7855-7970 Sentence denotes BoVs generally cause The phylogenetic analysis was based on the deduced amino acid sequence of the full-length NS1.
TextSentencer_T68 7971-8155 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic relationships were determined using the neighbor-joining algorithm, and branching order reliability was evaluated by 1,000 replications of a bootstrap resampling analysis.
TextSentencer_T69 8156-8342 Sentence denotes CSL, California sea lion Feline bocavirus in cats in Japan 2827 respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms in young animals, with most infections being subclinical in adult animals [10] .
TextSentencer_T70 8343-8600 Sentence denotes In the present study, all FBoV-infected cats with diarrhea were young (one year old or younger), whereas three out of four healthy FBoV-infected cats were adults aged 3 years or older, suggesting that FBoV is pathogenic in young cats, similar to other BoVs.
TextSentencer_T71 8601-8765 Sentence denotes However, it was not possible to statistically analyze the relationship between FBoV infection and clinical conditions by age because of the small number of samples.
TextSentencer_T72 8766-8895 Sentence denotes Therefore, the number of samples needs to be increased and the characteristics of FBoV-infected cats investigated in more detail.
TextSentencer_T73 8896-8974 Sentence denotes In this study, we identified FBoV strains for the first time in cats in Japan.
TextSentencer_T74 8975-9116 Sentence denotes Based on a genome analysis of the full-length NS1, the FBoV KU-58 strain, KU-61 strain, and KU-89 strain were classified as genotype 2 FBoVs.